Unit
1
The
written
world
阅读经典可以使人提高素养，增长才智。但是，只有掌握了一定的阅读技巧，阅读经典才是快乐之旅。
How
to
start
reading
classic
literature
The
written
word
is
one
of
the
most
powerful
forms
of
expression.
Classic
literature
written
many
years
ago
still
has
the
power
to
educate
and
inspire
people.
Many
people
find
it
difficult
to
read
the
classics.
In
fact，reading
the
classics
can
be
a
pleasurable
experience
especially
as
you
mature
and
develop
a
deeper
understanding
of
the
world.
★Read
for
enjoyment.
Classic
literature
should
be
read
for
enjoyment
as
well
as
education.
Look
for
the
works
by
authors
you're
familiar
with
through
movies
or
TV.
Choose
the
type
of
classic
literature
that
you
enjoy
reading
from
past
experience.
★Keep
a
dictionary
on
hand.
Use
the
Oxford
English
Dictionary
as
a
reference
for
unfamiliar
words
or
to
define
words
that
have
changed
in
meaning
over
time.
Start
slowly
and
work
on
reading
30
minutes
a
day
to
get
into
the
habit.
★Get
to
read
its
biographical
information.
This
is
because
it
relates
to
the
setting
of
the
story
and
author.
To
have
a
better
understanding
of
the
story，find
out
more
about
the
time
period
in
which
a
work
was
created
and
the
background
of
its
author.
★Do
research
on
the
Internet.
Large
numbers
of
websites，like
Bibliomania，provide
information
for
the
study
and
exploration
of
classic
literature.
★Understand
story
structure.
Classic
literature
often
contains
complex
plots
and
extensive
character
development.
Focus
on
reading
for
the
overall
theme
or
the
meaning
of
the
story，and
take
notes
to
recognize
the
basic
elements
of
the
story.
★Buy
literature
companions.Authoritative
works
such
as
the
Oxford
Companion
to
Classic
Literature
or
the
Norton
Anthology
of
English
Literature
offer
popular
classic
works
of
literature
to
get
you
started.
★Understand
the
use
of
footnotes
in
literature.
Classic
literature
is
often
full
of
references
to
social
and
culture
elements
of
the
past.
Footnotes
may
be
used
to
explain
these
references
and
make
the
material
easier
to
understand.
[阅读障碍词]
1．mature
v．
成熟
2．define
v.
使明确
3．overall
adj.
总的，全体的
4．authoritative
adj.
权威性的
5．footnote
n.
脚注
[诱思导读]
阅读文章，回答下面的问题
1．Classic
literature
is
too
difficult
for
us
to
read
now.
Do
you
think
so?
Yes，I
think
so.Though
difficult，it
can
be
read
little
by
little.
2．Which
tip
do
you
think
is
the
most
useful
while
reading
the
classics?
The_last_tip._Because_I_think_footnotes_are_helpful_to_me.
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.poetry
A．n.小说家
( )2.characteristic
B．n.诗歌
( )3.novelist
C．vt.虐待；辱骂；滥用
( )4.abuse
D．adj.铤而走险的，拼命的，绝望的；
非常需要，渴望
( )5.desperate
E．n.特征，特点 adj.典型的，独特
的，特有的
( )6.twist
F．adj.慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的，仁慈的
( )7.generous
G．adj.弯曲的；驼背的；不诚实的
n．天赋，爱好
( )8.rigid
H．adj.暴力的，粗暴的；猛烈的，强烈的
( )9.bent
I．n.转折，转变；转动；急转弯
vt.&
vi.(使)
弯曲；转动；蜿蜒
( )10.violent
J．adj.死板的，僵化的，固执的；
坚硬的，僵直的
[答案] 1－5 BEACD 6－10 IFJGH
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
A．决心做某事
B．出版，发行C．与……无关
D．以……为背景E．达到，符合(期望)
F．忙碌，不停地奔波
( )1.Though
he
claimed
he
had
nothing
to
do
with
the
case，the
police
still
found
evidence
to
prove
him
guilty.
( )2.He
is
addicted
to
the
films
that
are
set
in
the
World
War
Ⅱ.
( )3.You
can't
realize
your
dream
unless
you
are
bent
on
achieving
it.
( )4.Congratulations!
Your
article
came
out
in
yesterday's
newspaper.
( )5.Mom
has
been
on
the
run
all
week
preparing
for
Tom's
wedding.
( )6.Daniel
is
an
excellent
boy;
he
never
failed
to
live
up
to
his
parents'
expectations.
[答案] 1－6 CDABFE
Appreciating
literature
What
is
classic
literature?
Classics
are
the
antiques(古董，文物)
of
the
literary
world.They
are
novels，plays
and
poems
that
were
written
a
long
time
ago①and
were
so
well
written
that
people
still
read
them
nowadays②.They
are
examples
of
great
writing
and
wisdom，and
even
those
written
centuries
ago③
can
still
be
found
in
bookshops
and
libraries
today.
文学欣赏
什么是经典文学？经典文学作品是文学世界里的古董。它们是很久以前创作的小说、戏剧和诗歌。这些作品写得如此好以至于今天人们仍然在阅读它们。经典文学是杰出的创作及智慧的典范，即使是几世纪前写的那些作品，现在依然可以在书店和图书馆里找到。
[助读讲解] ①that引导定语从句，修饰先行词novels，plays
and
poems。②so...that...引导结果状语从句。③过去分词短语作定语，修饰those。
Because
a
lot
of
classics
were
written
so
long
ago④，their
language
characteristics(特征，特点)
are
quite
different
from
those
of
modern
works.This
makes
them
difficult
for
some
people
to
read，so
they
are
often
left
to
gather
dust
on
shelves⑤.Many
people
do
not
read
them，because
they
think
classics
are
old
and
boring
and
have
nothing
to
do
with
life
today.
因为许多经典文学作品是在很久以前创作的，它们的语言特色与现代文学作品的语言特色有相当大的区别。这使得一些人阅读起来有困难，所以它们常常被搁置在书架上，积满了灰尘。许多人不读经典文学作品是因为觉得它们太古老、枯燥乏味，与今天的生活没有任何联系。
[助读讲解] ④because引导原因状语从句。⑤so连接表示因果关系的并列句。
However，if
this
is
true，why
do
we
still
find
these
classics
in
bookshops
and
libraries?
They
have
not
disappeared
and
still
have
a
place
in
the
world.Why
else
would
many
films
adapted
from
them⑥
be
successful?
In
1995，an
award?winning
film
based
on
Jane
Austen's
novel
Emma⑦
came
out.Three
years
later，in
1998，a
modern
adaptation
of
Charles
Dickens's
novel
Great
Expectations
appeared
in
cinemas.Nobody
would
bother
to
make
these
classic
novels
into
films
if
they
had
nothing
to
do
with
contemporary
life⑧.
但是，如果这种观点是正确的，为什么我们今天仍然可以在书店和图书馆里找到这些经典文学作品呢？它们并没有消失，在当今世界仍占有一席之地。还有，为什么许多根据经典文学作品改编的电影可以大获成功呢？1995年，一部根据简·奥斯丁的小说《爱玛》改编的获奖影片问世。三年后的1998年，根据查尔斯·狄更斯的小说《远大前程》改编的现代版影片在影院上映。如果这些经典小说与现代生活没有任何关系的话，没人会花费精力将它们改编成电影。
[助读讲解] ⑥过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰films。adapted
from意为“由……改编”。⑦过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰film。⑧if引导条件状语从句。
Charles
Dickens:
England's
greatest
writer
The
novelist(小说家)
Charles
Dickens
was
born
in
Portsmouth，England
in
1812.Olive
Twist，David
Copperfield
and
Great
Expectations
are
probably
his
best?known
works.He
first
published
many
novels
one
chapter(章)
at
a
time
in
newspapers，and
some
were
later
performed
on
stage.For
people
at
that
time，his
stories
were
like
the
soap
operas(肥皂剧)
we
see
on
TV
today⑨.He
died
in
1870.His
tomb
reads，‘By
his
death，one
of
England's
greatest
writers
is
lost
to
the
world.’
查尔斯·狄更斯：英国最伟大的作家
小说家查尔斯·狄更斯1812年出生于英国的朴次茅斯。《雾都孤儿》、《大卫·科波菲尔》、《远大前程》可能是他最广为人知的作品。他的许多小说起初是在报纸上连载的，每次一章，有一些则后来被搬上了舞台。对于那时候的人来说，他的小说就如同我们今天在电视上看到的肥皂剧。狄更斯于1870年去世，他的墓碑上写着：“他的辞世使世界失去了一位最伟大的英国作家。”
[助读讲解] ⑨省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词soap
operas。
Great
Expectations
Great
Expectations
is
set
in
England
in
the
early
1800s.The
author(作者)
uses
Pip，the
main
character，to
tell
the
story.Having
lost
his
parents⑩，Pip
lives
with
his
older
sister
and
her
husband
Joe.Pip's
sister
often
abuses(虐待)
him，but
Joe
is
a
kind
and
simple
man
who
would
rather
die
than
see
any
harm
come
to
Pip?.
《远大前程》
《远大前程》以19世纪初的英格兰为背景。作者用小说的主人公皮普的口吻来讲述整个故事。在他父母去世之后，皮普与姐姐和姐夫乔一起生活。皮普的姐姐经常辱骂他，但乔却是一个淳朴、善良的人，他宁愿死也不愿意看到皮普受到任何伤害。
[助读讲解] ⑩现在分词的完成式作时间状语，表示该动作发生在句子谓语(lives)表示的动作之前。?who引导定语从句，修饰先行词a
kind
and
simple
man。
Pip，who
is
seven
years
old
when
the
story
begins?，is
in
a
foggy
cemetery(墓地)
when
a
desperate
criminal(罪犯)
appears
and
frightens
him.Mist
is
a
symbol
of
danger
in
Great
Expectations.Classic
novels
often
have
symbols
which
add
interest，tension(紧张气氛)
or
deeper
meaning
to
the
text?.Readers
may
not
be
able
to
see
the
danger，so
they
need
a
symbol
like
the
mist
to
make
it
clearer
to
them.
故事开始时，七岁的皮普正在一个浓雾笼罩的墓地中，就在这时一个穷凶极恶的罪犯突然出现了并恐吓他。在《远大前程》中雾是危险的象征。经典小说中往往有一些象征，这些象征为小说增添了趣味、紧张的气氛或者更深层次的含义。读者可能看不到危险，因此他们需要一个象征，例如雾，使危险更清楚地呈现在他们面前。
[助读讲解] ?who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Pip，其中when
the
story
begins为时间状语从句。
?which引导定语从句，修饰先行词symbols。
There
is
a
twist(转折)
in
the
plot(故事情节)
when
a
very
generous(慷慨的)
stranger
gives
Pip
a
large
fortune.As
a
condition
for
receiving
this
fortune，Pip
must
move
to
London
and
begin
the
life
of
a
gentleman.Pip
is
eager
to
begin
his
new
life.Money
and
education，however，change
him，and
before
long
he
becomes
vain(虚荣的)
and
ashamed
of
his
background.Pip
dislikes
it
when
Joe
comes
to
visit
him
in
London.?He
has
rigid(严格的；死板的)
ideas
of
what
it
(有教养的)
and
to
be
a
gentleman?，and
is
embarrassed
by
Joe
because
he
does
not
fit
these.
当一位非常慷慨的陌生人给了皮普一大笔财产的时候，故事情节发生了转折。作为获得这笔财富的一个条件，皮普必须移居伦敦，开始绅士生活。皮普迫不及待地开始了新生活。但是金钱和教育改变了他，不久他变得虚荣，对自己的身世感到羞愧。当乔来伦敦看他时，皮普并不喜欢他来。皮普对文明和绅士的内涵有着刻板的解释，而乔让他尴尬，因为乔不符合这些观念。
[助读讲解] ?it是形式宾语，代替when引导的宾语从句。?what引导名词性从句，作介词of的宾语。
Pip
is
bent
on
becoming(下决心成为)
a
gentleman
and
winning
Estella's
love.
Estella
is
a
beautiful
girl，and
for
Pip
she
is
a
symbol
of
education
and
money.What
it
really
means
to
be
a
gentleman?
is
an
important
theme(主题)
in
Great
Expectations.Is
a
person
with
a
lot
of
money
a
gentleman?
Or，is
a
gentleman
somebody
who
is
kind
and
good
to
his
friends?？
皮普一心要成为一名绅士，并赢得埃斯特拉的芳心。埃斯特拉是位漂亮的女孩，对皮普而言，她就是教育和金钱的象征。《远大前程》中一个重要的主题就是：做一名绅士究竟意味着什么。有很多钱的人就是一名绅士吗？或者，那种对朋友很善良、很友好的人才是绅士吗？
[助读讲解] ?what引导主语从句。?who引导定语从句，修饰先行词somebody。
By
the
end
of
the
novel，Pip
has
changed
a
lot.He
learns
that
wealth
does
not
buy
happiness
and
that
friends
are
more
important
than
a
fancy
education?.This
change
in
Pip
is
called
character
development，which
is
an
important
part
of
almost
any
novel?.Does
Joe
forgive
Pip?
Does
Pip
get
the
girl
of
his
dreams?
Will
Pip
ever
find
out
the
identity
of
the
person
who
gave
him
the
money?？You
will
just
have
to
read
the
book
yourself
to
find
out.
小说结尾时，皮普变化很大。他认识到财富买不到幸福，朋友比华而不实的教育更重要。皮普的这种转变被称为人物性格的发展，这是几乎任何一部小说中的一个重要部分。乔有没有原谅皮普呢？皮普有没有得到他的梦中女孩呢？皮普有没有查出给他钱的人的身份？你还得自己读这本书，找到答案。
[助读讲解] ?and连接两个that引导的宾语从句。?which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词character
development。?who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the
person。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P2－3教材课文，匹配段落大意
1．Part
1
A．Who
is
Charles
Dickens?
2．Part
2
B．Brief
introduction
of
Great
Expectations
3．Part
3
C．What
is
classic
literature?
[答案] 1－3 CAB
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P2－3教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．All
of
the
statements
about
classics
are
right
except
that
________.
A．classics
were
written
by
some
unknown
writers
B．well
written
novels，plays
and
poems
are
classics
C．classics
were
written
a
long
time
ago
D．classics
are
examples
of
great
writing
and
wisdom
2．Today
many
people
don't
read
classics
because
they
think
________.
A．classics
are
usually
too
long
B．they
don't
understand
classics
at
all
C．classics
are
old
and
boring
and
have
nothing
to
do
with
life
today
D．the
different
language
characteristics
don't
interest
them
3．According
to
the
text，which
of
the
statements
is
WRONG?
A．All
the
classics
were
well
written.
B．Classics
are
old
and
boring.
C．You
can
still
find
some
classics
in
bookshops
and
libraries.
D．Some
films
adapted
from
classics
are
successful.
4．All
of
the
following
information
about
Charles
Dickens
is
true
except
that
________.
A．Charles
Dickens
was
born
in
Portsmouth，England
in
1812
B．Oliver
Twist
was
one
of
his
famous
novels
C．Charles
Dickens
died
three
hundred
years
ago
D．we
can
see
some
of
his
stories
on
TV
5．When
you
read
Great
Expectations，you
will
know
the
following
information
except
that
________.
A．Joe
is
a
kind
and
simple
man
B．a
large
fortune
was
given
to
Pip
by
a
generous
stranger
C．Great
Expectations
is
set
in
the
early
1800s
D．a
person
with
a
lot
of
money
is
a
gentleman
[答案] 1－5 ACBCD
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P2－3教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As
we
all
know，classics
are
the
antiques
of
the
literary
world.They
are
1.examples(example)
of
great
writing
and
wisdom，and
even
those
written
centuries
ago
can
still
2.be_found
(find)
in
bookshops
and
libraries
today.Even
some
films
are
based
3.on
them.Charles
Dickens
is
one
of
England's
greatest
writers.Great
Expectations
is
one
of
his
4.famous(fame)works.The
story
begins
when
Pip
is
seven.
There
is
a
twist
in
the
plot
5.when
a
very
generous
stranger
gives
Pip
a
large
fortune.Pip
moves
to
London.Money
6.and
education
have
changed
him.He
becomes
vain
and
ashamed
of
his
background
and
even
dislikes
it
when
Joe
comes
7.to_visit
(visit)
him
because
he
isn't
a
gentleman.He
wins
Estella's
love.In
the
end，Pip
8.has_
changed(change)
a
lot.He
learns
9.happiness
(happy)
and
friends
are
10.more_
important
(important)
than
wealth.Unit
1
The
written
world
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．The
plot
(故事情节)
of
the
film
was
so
boring
that
I
fell
asleep
while
watching
it.
2．Lily
twisted
(转动)
her
head
so
she
could
see
what
was
happening.
3．I
saw
the
vase
made
in
the
Tang
Dynasty
in
the
window
of
a(n)
antique
(文物)
shop.
4．She
sat
upright，her
body
rigid
(僵直的)
with
fear.
5．Genes
determine
the
characteristics
(特征)
of
every
living
thing.
6．The
director
of
the
factory
has
abused
the
funds
intended
for
the
health
care
of
his
workers.He'll
definitely
be
punished
by
the
law.
7．The
author
of
this
best?seller
won
the
Nobel
Prize
for
literature
last
year.
8．Some
civil
cases
can
be
settled
out
of
court.
9．The
whole
period
leading
up
to
the
revolution
is
an
interesting
chapter
in
French
history.
10．Sophia
closed
her
eyes
tightly
in
a(n)
vain
attempt
to
hold
back
the
tears.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．character
n．个性，品格；人物，角色→characteristic
n．特征，特点
adj.典型的，独特的，特有的
2．desperate
adj.铤而走险的，拼命的，绝望的；非常需要，渴望→desperately
adv.拼命地，绝望地→desperation
n．绝望
3．crime
n．罪，罪行→criminal
n．罪犯adj.犯罪的，犯法的；刑法的，刑事的
4．tense
adj.令人紧张的，感到紧张的→tense
v．(使)变得紧张，(使)绷紧→tension
n．紧张气氛；紧张，烦躁；矛盾，对立
5．generous
adj.慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的，仁慈的→generosity
n．慷慨，大方；宽厚，仁慈
6．violent
adj.暴力的，粗暴的；猛烈的，强烈的→violence
n．暴力行为
v.＋?ion→n.
adj.＋?ce→n.
celebration
n．庆祝；庆祝会collection
n．收藏品，收集物communication
n．交际；交往；通讯
convenience
n．便利difference
n．不同distance
n．距离
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．have
nothing
to
do
with 与……无关
2．be
set
in
以……为背景
3．be
bent
on
(doing)
sth.
决心做某事(通常指坏事)
4．on
the
run
躲避；忙碌，不停地奔波
5．live
up
to
达到，符合(期望)
6．be
different
from
与……不同
7．at
a
time
每次；一次；逐一
8．be
ashamed
of
对……感到愧疚
9．come
out
出版，发行
10．give
up
放弃
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．The
young
man
is
standing
there
with
a
confused
look
on
his
face，pretending
as
if
the
incident
had_nothing_to_do_with
him.
2．The
novel
I
will
recommend
to
you
is_set_in
New
York
in
the
early
19th
century.
3．It
is
reported
that
the
criminal
was
on_the_run
for
three
months
before
he
was
put
under
arrest.
4．He
is_bent_on
winning
the
game，so
he
practices
a
lot
every
day.
5．Nicolai
was
thundering
up
the
stairs，taking
them
two
at_a_time.
on＋the＋n.→介词短语
come＋adv.→动词短语
on
the
spot
当场，立即；在现场on
the
whole总的说来，大体上on
the
contrary
正相反
come
about
发生；(风等)改变方向come
down下落；倒塌；败落come
up
走近；(从土中)长出
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.They
are
novels，plays
and
poems
that
were
written
a
long
time
ago
and
were
so
well
written
that
people
still
read
them
nowadays.它们是很久以前创作的小说、戏剧和诗歌。这些作品写得如此好以至于今天人们仍然在阅读它们。
so...that引导的结果状语从句。
He
looked
so_different_from_
his_usual_look_that
I
stopped
a
moment
to
stare
at
him.
他看起来和平常的样子如此不同，我就盯着他看了一会儿。
2.This
makes
them
difficult
for
some
people
to
read，so
they
are
often
left
to
gather
dust
on
shelves.这使得一些人阅读起来有困难，所以它们常常被搁置在书架上，积满了灰尘。
make＋宾语＋宾语补足语。
I
rearranged
the
order
of
the
sentences
so
as
to
make_them_easy
for
my
students
to
understand.我重新排列了句子的顺序，以便我的学生更容易理解。
3.Pip's
sister
often
abuses
him，but
Joe
is
a
kind
and
simple
man
who
would
rather
die
than
see
any
harm
come
to
Pip.皮普的姐姐经常虐待他，但乔却是一个淳朴、善良的人，他宁愿死也不愿意看到皮普受到任何伤害。
would
rather
do...than
do...
He
said
he
would_rather_be_poor_than_get_money
in
such
a
way.
他说他宁愿穷也不愿用这种方式获得钱财。
4.Pip
dislikes
it
when
Joe
comes
to
visit
him
in
London.当乔来伦敦看他时，皮普并不喜欢他来。
动词＋形式宾语(it)＋真正宾语(when引导的从句)。
I
enjoy
being
away
from
him
for
a
couple
of
hours，but
I
dislike/hate_it_when_he_is_away
for
a
long
time.
离开他几个小时，我会挺开心，但时间长了我就受不了了。
have
nothing
to
do
with与……无关
(教材P2)Many
people
do
not
read
them，because
they
think
classics
are
old
and
boring
and
have
nothing
to
do
with
life
today.
许多人不读经典文学作品是因为觉得它们太古老、枯燥乏味，与今天的生活没有任何联系。
(1)have
something
to
do
with...
与……有关系have
much/a
lot/a
great
deal
to
do
with...
与……有很大关系(2)be
related
to
……有关系be
concerned
in/with
与……有关系
①That
has
something
to
do
with
what
we
are
discussing.那与我们正讨论的问题有关。
②I
was
related
to
the
matter.
我和那件事有关联。
③Her
diligence
must
have
much/a
lot/a
great
deal
to_do(do)
with
her
success.
她的勤奋与她的成功有很大关系。
④I
believe
he
is
concerned
in/with
all
those
matters
you
mention.
我认为你提到的那些事都与他有关。
at
a
time每次；一次；逐一
(教材P2)He
first
published
many
novels
one
chapter
at
a
time
in
newspapers，and
some
were
later
performed
on
stage.
他的许多小说起初是在报纸上连载的，每次一章，有一些则后来被搬上了舞台。
at
one
time
曾经；一度at
all
times
总是；随时；永远at
times
有时at
the
same
time
同时at
no
time
决不(放句首时，句子用部分倒装)
①At
one
time
Emily
was
my
best
friend.
艾米丽曾经是我最好的朋友。
②She
and
I
both
arrived
at
the
same
time
by
pure
coincidence.
我和她同时到达纯属巧合。
③I
can
only
carry
two
at
a
time.
我一次只能带两个。
④At
no
time
should
you
give
up
studying.
在任何时候你都不应放弃读书。
be
set
in以……为背景
(教材P3)Great
Expectations
is
set
in
England
in
the
early
1800s.
《远大前程》以19世纪初的英格兰为背景。
set
about
着手做……(＋n./doing)set
aside
保留，储蓄；暂时把……放在一边set
off
出发，动身，启程；引爆set
out
出发，动身；着手做(＋to
do)set
up
开办，建立，设立；建造，搭起
①The
company
was
set
up
10
years
ago.
这家公司是十年前建立的。
②We'd
better
set
some
money
aside
for
future
use.
我们最好存些钱以备将来之需。
③The
novel
is_set(set)
in
the
gold
rush
in
America.
这部小说以美国的淘金热为背景。
④The
girl
attendant
has
set
about
cleaning(clean)
the
room.＝
The
girl
attendant
has
set
out
to_clean(clean)
the
room.
那位女服务员已开始打扫房间。
abuse
vt.虐待；辱骂；滥用
(教材P3)Pip's
sister
often
abuses
him，but
Joe
is
a
kind
and
simple
man
who
would
rather
die
than
see
any
harm
come
to
Pip.
皮普的姐姐经常辱骂他，但乔却是一个淳朴、善良的人，他宁愿死也不愿意看到皮普受到任何伤害。
(1)
abuse
one's
power/position/authority
滥用职权abuse
one's
trust
背信弃义(2)alcohol/tobacco/drug
abuse
酗酒/嗜烟/滥用毒品an
abuse
of
power/position/authority
职权的滥用
①The
mayor
abused
his
power
and
was
put
into
prison.
市长滥用职权，被送进了监狱。
②The
neighbours
refused
to
tell
the
press
anything
about
him
because
they
didn't
want
to
abuse
his
trust.
邻居们拒绝向报界透露他的任何信息，因为他们不想辜负他的信任。
③What
she
did
was
an
abuse
of
her
position
as
manager.
她的所作所为是滥用经理职权。
desperate
adj.铤而走险的，拼命的，绝望的；非常需要，渴望
(教材P3)Pip，who
is
seven
years
old
when
the
story
begins，is
in
a
foggy
cemetery
when
a
desperate
criminal
appears
and
frightens
him.
故事开始时，七岁的皮普正在一个浓雾笼罩的墓地中，就在这时一个穷凶极恶的罪犯突然出现了并恐吓他。
(1)be
desperate
for
渴望……，迫切需要……be
desperate
to
do
sth.
非常想做某事(2)desperately
adv.
绝望地；拼命地(3)desperation
n.
拼命；铤而走险
①The
man
lost
in
the
desert
was
desperate
for
water.
在沙漠中迷失方向的人极度渴望得到水。
②He
is
desperate
to_pass(pass)
the
entrance
exam.
他非常渴望通过入学考试。
③A
bird
watcher，armed
with
a
telescope，found
the
pet
sitting
desperately
(desperate)
on
a
rock.
一个拿着望远镜的鸟类观察者发现这个宠物绝望地坐在岩石上。
generous
adj.慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的，仁慈的
(教材P3)There
is
a
twist
in
the
plot
when
a
very
generous
stranger
gives
Pip
a
large
fortune.
当一位非常慷慨的陌生人给了皮普一大笔财产的时候，故事情节发生了转折。
(1)be
generous
with
对于……很慷慨be
generous
in
在……方面慷慨be
generous
to
sb.
对某人很慷慨It's
generous
of
sb.to
do
sth.
某人真慷慨/宽宏大量地做某事(2)generosity
n.
慷慨，大方
①The
chemist
is
strict
with
himself，but
generous
to
others.
那位化学家严于律己，宽以待人。
②Our
boss
is
very
generous
in
entertaining
our
clients.
我们的老板招待客户非常慷慨大方。
③It
was
generous
of
her
to_contribute(contribute)
such
a
large
sum.
她很大方，捐助了这么大笔钱。
④He
is
well?known
for
his
generosity(generous)
to
the
students
in
the
flooded
areas.
他因对洪水受灾区的学生慷慨解囊而出名。
be
bent
on
(doing)
sth.决心做某事(通常指坏事)
(教材P3)Pip
is
bent
on
becoming
a
gentleman
and
winning
Estella's
love.
皮普一心要成为一名绅士，并赢得埃斯特拉的芳心。
bend
one's
mind
to
sth.
专心于某事bend
to...
屈服于……；顺从于……bend
down
弯腰bend
over
俯身靠近；弯身作拱形
①He
bent
all
his
mind
to
studying.
他专心致志地学习。
②The
tall
man
bent
down
to
get
through
the
doorway.
那位高个的男子为了通过那道门廊弯下了腰。
③The
girls
are
bent
on
going
(go)
to
the
beach
this
weekend.
女孩们决定这个周末去海滩游玩。
④Most
people
bend
to
fate，but
I
don't.
大多数人听天由命，但我不这样。
[名师点津]
表示“决心要做……，决定做……”的其他表达方式还有：
①decide
to
do
sth./make
a
decision
to
do
sth.
②make
up
one's
mind
to
do
sth.
③determine
to
do
sth.
④be
determined
to
do
sth.
violent
adj.暴力的，粗暴的；猛烈的，强烈的
(教材P5)The
film
begins
the
same
way
as
the
novel
does—with
Finn
(Pip)
meeting
a
violent
criminal
on
the
run
from
the
police，and
then
with
Finn
going
to
a
rich
and
crazy
woman's
house
to
be
Estella's
companion.
影片的开头和小说的一样，费恩(皮普)遇上一个在躲避警察的粗暴罪犯，后来费恩到了一位富有而行为古怪的妇人家里成为埃斯特拉的伙伴。
(1)violently
adv.
粗暴地；凶狠地；激烈地；猛烈地(2)violence
n.
暴力，暴行；猛烈，激烈，激情take...by
violence
强夺……
①The
man
behaved
violently
and
treated
everything
with
violence.
那人行为粗暴；很粗暴地对待任何事情。
②As
far
as
I
know，the
city
was
taken
by
violence
at
that
time.
据我所知，这座城市当时是被强夺过来的。
live
up
to达到，符合(期望)；实践
(教材P5)However，if
you
liked
the
book，you
should
probably
not
be
too
eager
to
see
the
film，as
it
is
not
likely
to
live
up
to
your
great
expectations.
然而，如果你喜欢这本书，你大概不会太渴望看这部电影，因为它很可能达不到你的期望。
live
a/an...life
过着……的生活live
through
经历(艰难或险境)live
with
忍受(不快的事)；与……住在一起live
on
继续存在下去；依靠……生活
①Those
of
us
who
have
lived
through
these
challenging
times
have
been
changed
by
them.
对于我们当中经历了这些挑战的人们来说，我们的生活永远地改变了。
②We
find
his
stream
of
words
difficult
to
live
with.
我们觉得难以容忍他滔滔不绝的说话。
③One
ought
to
live
up
to
the
promise
he
has
made.
人应该兑现自己许下的诺言。
④I
had
to
live
on
bread
and
water
when
I
was
a
student.
我上学时只能靠粗茶淡饭生活。
(教材P2)This
makes_them_difficult_for_some_people_to_read，so
they
are
often
left
to
gather
dust
on
shelves.
这使得一些人阅读起来有困难，所以它们常常被搁置在书架上，积满了灰尘。
【要点提炼】
句中使用了make
sth.＋adj.＋for
sb.to
do...结构。for
sb.是to
do的逻辑主语，sth.是to
do
的逻辑宾语。
(1)make＋宾语＋宾补(2)当宾语比较长时，常常用“make＋it＋宾补＋宾语”这一结构，it为形式宾语。(3)除make外，find，think，consider也可用于此结构。
①The
Reform
and
Opening?up
makes
it
important
for
us
to
grasp
English.
对我们来说改革开放使得掌握英语很重要。
②The
news
that
the
plane
was
missing
made
us
very
shocked.
飞机失踪的消息使我们大家非常震惊。
③The
Internet
makes
the
outside
world
easy
for
people
to_learn_(learn)
about.
互联网使得人们容易了解外面的世界。
④What
our
teacher
said
made
us
feel(feel)
more
confident.老师的话让我们感到更自信了。
[名师点津]
“make＋宾语＋省略to的不定式”变为被动语态时，to不能省略。
(教材P3)Pip
dislikes_it_when
Joe
comes
to
visit
him
in
London.
当乔来伦敦看他时，皮普并不喜欢他来。
【要点提炼】
dislike
it
when...是一个常用句型，句中it是形式宾语，when引导的宾语从句作真正的宾语。
(1)like，love，hate，dislike，appreciate等表“喜怒哀乐”的及物动词，需跟形式宾语it，再跟宾语从句。(2)see
to，depend
on，lie
in等由动词和介词构成的动词短语后接that宾语从句时，先加形式宾语it，再接that从句。
①I
would
appreciate
it
if
you
paid
in
cash.
假如你支付现金的话，我会不胜感激。
②People
hate
it
when
drivers
drive
after
drinking.
人们不喜欢司机酒后驾驶。
③I
shall
see
to
it
that
he
is
taken
good
care
of
when
you
are
absent.
你不在的时候我一定会负责把他照顾好的。
④You
may
depend
on
it
that
they
will
support
you.
你相信好了，他们会支持你的。
1．(教材P2)They
are
novels，plays
and
poems
that
were
written
a
long
time
ago
and
were
so
well
written
that
people
still
read
them
nowadays.
【分析】 主句为They
are
novels，plays
and
poems，后面是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词novels，plays_and_poems。在定语从句中，又出现了so
well
written
that
people
still
read
them
nowadays这一结果状语从句。
【翻译】 它们是很久以前创作的小说、戏剧和诗歌。这些作品写得如此好以至于今天人们仍然在阅读它们。
2．(教材P3)He
has
rigid
ideas
of
what
it
means
to
be
civil
and
to
be
a
gentleman，and
is
embarrassed
by
Joe
because
he
does
not
fit
these.
【分析】 从句what
it
means
to
be
civil
and
to
be
a
gentleman是作介词of的宾语；在这个宾语从句中it是形式主语，真正的主语则是后面的动词不定式to
be
civil
and
to
be
a
gentleman。
【翻译】 皮普对文明和绅士的内涵有着刻板的解释，而乔让他尴尬，因为乔不符合这些观念。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Oliver
Twist
was
written
by
one
of
the
greatest
novelists
(novelist)
in
the
world.
2．When
the
war
was
over，Tom
was
desperate
to_return(return)
to
a
peaceful
life.
3．He
is
bent
on
mastering(master)English.To
learn
it，he
gets
up
early
and
goes
to
bed
late
every
day.
4．Had
she
lived
up
to
her
promise，she
would
have
made
it
to
Yale
University.
5．It
is
extremely
wrong
to_abuse
(abuse)
your
wife
and
children.
6．I
would
rather
die
than
apologize(apology)
to
Mark.
7．It
was
generous
of
her
to
contribute
such
a
large
sum
of
money
to
the
Hope
Project.
8．Everything
was
done
to
discover
the
missing
boy，but
in
vain.
9．Malaysia
Airlines
didn't
make
it
clear
what
on
earth
had
happened
to
Flight
MH370.
10．We
plotted
(plot)
a
graph
to
show
the
increase
in
sales
figures
last
week.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．天气使我们的计划难以完成。
The
weather
made_the_plan_difficult
for
us
to
carry
out.
2．我宁愿你把在城市里不愉快的经历忘掉。
I
would_rather_you_forgot
the
unpleasant
experience
in
the
city.
3．他讨厌她在他母亲面前举止失当。
He
disliked/hated_it_when
she
behaved
badly
in
front
of
his
mother.
4．她非常诚实，大家都信赖她。
She
is
such_an_honest_girl_that/so_honest_an_girl_that
everybody
trusts
her.
5．我们决不辜负我们的父母对我们的期望。
We
will
never
fail
to_live_up_to
what
our
parents
expect
of
us.Unit
1
The
written
world
常用否定词和否定句
语
境
自
主
领
悟
先观察原句
后自主感悟
1.Many
people
do
not
read
them，because
they
think
classics
are
old
and
boring
and
have
nothing
to
do
with
life
today.2.They
have
not
disappeared
and
still
have
a
place
in
the
world.3.Nobody
would
bother
to
make
these
classic
novels
into
films
if
they
had
nothing
to
do
with
contemporary
life.4.Readers
may
not
be
able
to
see
the
danger，so
they
need
a
symbol
like
the
mist
to
make
it
clearer
to
them.5.He
has
rigid
ideas
of
what
it
means
to
be
civil
and
to
be
a
gentleman，and
is
embarrassed
by
Joe
because
he
does
not
fit
these.
1.所有例句中黑体部分构成句子的否定形式。2.例句1中的黑体部分do
not，例句2中的黑体部分have
not和例句5中的黑体部分does
not的构成特点是由助动词加not构成否定。3.例句4中的黑体部分may
not的构成特点是由情态动词加not构成否定。4.例句1中的nothing和例句3中的Nobody，nothing本身都表示否定意义。
一、常用否定词
1．英语中含否定含义的表达形式多种多样，可以用not，no，never，none，nobody，nothing，nowhere等否定词来表达否定之意。
We
have
not
signed
any
agreement.
我们没有签署任何协议。
They
never
have
time
to
go
to
the
cinema
during
the
weekdays.
他们从星期一到星期五从来都没有时间去看电影。
[即时演练1] 选词填空
①A
smile
costs
nothing，but
gives
much.(nothing/something)
②My
brother
would
like
to
buy
a
good
watch
but
none
was
available
from
that
shop.(no/none)
2．可以用hardly，scarcely，seldom，little，few等半否定词来表达否定之意。
Now
she
hardly
had
strength
to
open
the
carriage
door.
此刻她几乎没有力气打开车厢的门。
Unfortunately，very
few
people
have
played
in
this
space.
遗憾的是，目前只有极少数的人涉足这个领域。
[即时演练2] 选词填空：hardly/seldom
①Mr.Smith
seldom
goes
back
to
his
hometown.
②I
had
hardly
closed
my
eyes
when
I
remembered
I
hadn't
done
my
maths
homework.
3．可以用含否定意义的前缀de?，dis?，il?，im?，in?，ir?，non?，un?，under?等构成的词表达否定之意；也可以用后缀?less，?free，?proof等构成的词表达否定之意。
Today
it
is
impossible
to
cure
cancer
completely.
目前要完全治愈癌症是不可能的。
Second，it
is
also
useless
to
worry
about
the
future.
其次，为未来而担忧也是没有用的。
[即时演练3] 写出下列单词的反义词
①fair→unfair
②smoker→non?smoker
③like(喜欢)→dislike
④legal→illegal
4．其他表达否定意义的词组及固定搭配：far
from，rather
than，other
than，free
from，would
rather...than...等。
Your
work
is
far
from
being
satisfactory.
你的工作一点也不令人满意。
The
truth
is
quite
other
than
what
you
think.
事实真相同你想的完全不同。
[即时演练4] 单句语法填空
①Why
didn't
you
ask
for
help，rather
than
trying
to
do
it
on
your
own?
②Not
everybody
is
a
sage(圣贤)．Who
can
be
entirely
free
from
error?
二、否定句
1．全部否定
no，not，never，none，nobody，nothing，nowhere，neither...nor结构均表示完全否定，在汉语中意为“绝对不”，“没有”，“远不(非)……”，“一点也不”，“根本不……”，“无论如何也没有……”等。
None
of
my
friends
smokes.
我的朋友都不吸烟。
The
book
is
nowhere
to
be
found.
那本书哪儿也找不到。
[即时演练5] 完成句子
①没有什么比健康更重要的了。
Nothing
is
more
important
than
health.
②没人同意这个周末去爬山。
Nobody/No_one
agrees
to
climb
up
the
mountain
this
weekend.
2．部分否定
英语中一些含有总括含义的代词、形容词或副词，当用于否定句中时，只否定一部分，而不是完全否定。如all，everybody
(everyone)，everything，anyone
(anybody)，anything，anywhere，everywhere，always，quite，both，entirely，altogether等词与not连用时，在汉语中译为“……不全是……”，“不都是……”，“并非全都是……”，“不总是……”等。
He
is
not
absolutely
wrong.他并不完全错。
All
that
glitters
is
not
gold.
闪闪发光物，并非尽黄金。
[即时演练6] 句型转换
①Some
young
people
like
rock
music.
→Not_all
young
people
like
rock
music.
②One
of
the
two
boys
is
from
America.
→Both_of
the
boys
are
not
from
America.
3．双重否定
双重否定，意义肯定：指同一句中有两处具有否定含义，但表达的意义是肯定的，通常比肯定句的语气要重。译成汉语时可以译成肯定形式，也可以保持双重否定形式。用于表示双重否定的词或结构有：no...not;
no/not...without;
never
too...;
cannot
but
do(不得不);
cannot
help
doing;
cannot
help
but
do;
without
doubt;
without
fail;
not
seldom(常常);
not
displeased(满意的)等。
Nobody
does
nothing.
人人都要做事。
We
cannot
help
admiring
his
bravery.
我们禁不住佩服他的勇敢。
He
is
not
displeased
with
my
answer.
他对我的回答感到满意。
[即时演练7] 完成句子
①活到老，学到老。
It's
never_too_late
to
learn.
②不经历风雨，怎能见彩虹。
There
is
no
success
without_hardships.
4．某些结构表达否定意义
(1)too...to(太……而不能)
He's
too
small
to
do
that.
他太小了，干不了那件事。
(2)more
A
than
B(与其B不如A)，more
than＋含有can
的从句(不能)
He
is
more
brave
than
wise.他有勇无谋。
Your
problem
is
more
than
I
can
deal
with.
你的问题我解决不了。
(3)比较级＋than＋不定式(不至于做)
You
should
know
better
than
to
play
football
in
the
classroom.
你应该明白不该在教室里踢足球的。
He
was
wiser
than
to
have
done
such
a
thing.
他不至于愚蠢到做出这样的事情。
[即时演练8] 完成句子
①这帽子太大，没法戴。
The
hat
is
too_large_to_wear.
②与其说她害羞，倒不如说她是害怕。
She
is
more_frightened_than
shy.
5．连词before，unless等引导的状语从句可以表达否定意义
He
slipped
out
before
the
meeting
started.
会议还没开始，他就悄悄地溜出去了。
Unless
you
put
on
your
overcoat，you'll
catch
a
cold.
如果你不穿大衣，就会着凉。
6．虚拟语气可以表达否定意义
But
for
your
coming，I
should
have
been
very
lonely.
要不是你来了，我会感到很寂寞的。
[即时演练9] 单句语法填空
①She
says
that
she'll
have
to
close
the
shop
unless
business
improves.
②He
ran
out
of
the
room
before
I
could
answer.
③But
for
your
help，I
would
have
failed.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Facing
up
to
your
problems
rather
than
running
away
from
them
is
the
best
approach
to
working
things
out.
2．The
form
cannot
be
signed
by
anyone
other
than
yourself.
3．It
is
impossible
(possible)
for
him
to
finish
the
task，because
it
needs
teamwork.
4．Not
having
known
the
teacher's
real
meaning，I
decided
to
go
and
ask
him
in
person.
5．Mothers
are
doing
what
they
can
to
make
sure
that
their
children
are
free
from
any
kind
of
harm.
6．I
agree
with
most
of
what
you
said，but
I
don't
agree
with
everything.
7．It
was
not
until
they
settled
in
the
quiet
countryside
that
Joe
felt
happy
and
content.
8．The
company
won't
take
on
these
graduates
unless
they
get
through
the
final
test.
9．The
parents
didn't
tolerate
their
kids'
rudeness
at
the
party，nor
did
they
allow
themselves
to
be
disobeyed.
10．I
thought
there
would
be
many
students
in
the
hall，but
when
I
got
in，I
found
none.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I
learned
early
in
life
that
I
had
to
be_more_patient_and_less_aggressive.
我很早就知道，我必须更有耐心，不要咄咄逼人。
2．However，he
was
the
gentlest
man
I
have_ever_known.
然后，他是我知道的最绅士的人。
3．The
meeting
will
be
held
in
September，but
nobody_knows_the_date_for_sure.
会议将在九月份举行，但没有人知道具体日期。
4．This
project
requires
close
teamwork.Nothing_will_be_achieved_unless
we
work
well
together.
这个项目要求紧密的团队协作。如果大家不能很好地合作，什么成果都不会取得。
5．Not_everyone_was_for
my
plan.
不是所有的人同意我的计划。Unit
1
The
written
world
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.supreme
A．n.遗孀，寡妇
( )2.debt
B．adj.神圣的，圣洁的
( )3.holy
C．adj.最高的，至高无上的
( )4.widow
D．n.纪念碑，纪念馆，纪念塑像；古迹
( )5.monument
E．n.债务，欠款
( )6.paragraph
F．n.押韵；押韵词；押韵短诗
vi.&
vt.(使)押韵
( )7.rhyme
G．n.曲调，曲子
vt.调音，校音；
调频道；调节
( )8.tune
H．n.段落
( )9.spring
I．n.名声，名誉
( )10.reputation
J．vi.突然出现；跳，蹦
[答案] 1－5 CEBAD 6－10 HFGJI
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
A．目的是
B．由……组成C．为向……表示敬意
D．负债E．谈及，涉及
F．音调准确
( )1.He
died
heavily
in
debt.
( )2.She
is
intended
to
get
angry
if
you
annoy
her.
( )3.The
committee
consists
of
ten
members.
( )4.In
his
speech
he
was
only
able
to
touch
on
a
few
aspects
of
the
problem.
( )5.You're
not
singing
in
tune.
( )6.They
held
a
reception
in
honour
of
the
foreign
visitors.
[答案] 1－6 DABEFC
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P14－15教材课文，匹配段落大意
1．(Paragraphs
1－4)
A．The
poem‘A
Red，Red
Rose’with
its
introduction
and
explanation
2．(Paragraphs
5－7)
B．Introduction
of
Robert
Burns
3．(Paragraphs
8－9)
C．Some
information
about
a
movement
of
poets
called
the
Romantic
Movement
[答案] 1—3 BCA
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P14－15教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．What
made
Burns
full
of
inspiration
to
write
poems?
A．Making
a
fortune.
B．Love.
C．Staying
at
home
without
work.
D．Intending
to
become
famous.
2．Why
did
Burns
die
at
an
early
age?
A．Because
he
lost
his
hope
for
life.
B．Because
he
was
so
sad
to
lose
his
first
love.
C．Because
he
lived
a
hard
life
and
his
health
was
poor
as
well.
D．Because
he
was
killed
by
others.
3．What
is
the
main
theme
in
romantic
poetry?
A．Love.
B．Friendship.
C．Person.
D．Nature.
4．What's
the
main
idea
of
Paragraph
Five?
A．Burns
belonged
to
a
group
of
poets
called
the
Romantic
poets.
B．The
Romantic
Movement
started
around
1780.
C．The
poetry
of
the
Romantic
period
often
focuses
on
freedom
and
beauty.
D．The
poetry
of
the
Romantic
period
tends
to
use
imagination
and
touch
on
strong
feelings.
[答案] 1－4 BCDA
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P14－15教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Robert
Burns
had
a
reputation
for
1.being(be)
funny.He
was
regarded
as
Scotland's
supreme
literary
hero.He
was
born
in
a
poor
family.Even
after
he
became
famous，he
still
had
to
earn
his
income
by
2.farming(farm).3.Therefore，a
hard
life
and
weak
health
made
his
life
short.After
his
4.death(die)，many
people
donated
money
to
support
his
widow
and
children.
Robert
Burns
5.belonged(belong)
to
a
group
of
poets
6.called(call)
the
Romantic
poets.The
poetry
of
that
time
focused
on
concepts
like
freedom
and
beauty.The
poets
often
tended
to
use
7.imagination(imagine)
and
touched
8.on
strong
feelings.They
were
9.interested(interest)
in
nature
and
used
it
as
a
theme
in
their
poetry.This
is
probably
10.why
Burns
talked
about
a
rose
in
his
famous
poem，“A
Red，Red
Rose”．Unit
1
The
written
world
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．Men
can
only
adore
(爱慕)
women
who
are
adorable.
2．Can
you
translate
those
paragraphs
(段落)
into
English?
3．As
soon
as
she
became
a
widow
(遗孀)
she
devoted
herself
to
women's
higher
education.
4．Her
international
reputation
(名声)
is
built
on
an
impressive
list
of
publications.
5．Please
put
off
your
shoes
before
entering
this
holy
(神圣的)
building.
6．They
built
a
monument
in
memory
of
those
who
died
in
the
great
earthquake.
7．Two
men
sprang
out
at
me
as
I
was
walking
through
the
park.
8．We'll
run
into
debt
if
you
spend
more
than
our
income.
9．I
had
intended
to
visit
my
grandparents
tomorrow，but
I
was
prevented
by
an
emergency.
10．I
suggest
you
appeal
to
the
Supreme
Court.You
still
have
the
chance
to
win
the
case.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．adore
vt.热爱，喜爱，爱慕→adoration
n．敬慕，爱慕→adorable
adj.值得爱慕的，可爱的
2．intend
vt.&
vi.打算，计划，想要→intention
n．意图，目的；打算
3．debt
n．债务，欠款→debtor
n．债务人，借方
4．supreme
adj.至高无上的→supremely
adv.极其；极为
5．monument
n．纪念碑→monumental
adj.纪念碑上的；不朽的
v.＋
?ation→n.
v.＋?tion→n.
adaptation
n．适应civilization
n．文明conservation
n．(自然资源的)保护，管理
direction
n．方向；方位pollution
n．污染production
n．生产；制造
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．in
honour
of
为了纪念……，为向……表示敬意
2．focus
on
集中(注意力、精力等)于；聚集于；
使(眼睛)注视
3．touch
on
谈及，涉及
4．be
intended
to
be/do
sth.
目的是作为某物；目的是做某事
5．in
tune
音调准确；演奏合调
6．consist
of
由……构成；由……组成
7．belong
to
属于
8．divide...into...
把……划分为……
9．in
debt
负债
10．compare...to...
把……比作……
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．Today
we're
going
to
focus_on
the
question
of
homeless
people.
2．The
atmosphere
consists_of
more
than
70%
of
nitrogen.
3．As
a
writer，he
really
belongs_to
the
18th
century.
4．Divide
the
cake
into
quarters
and
share
it
equally.
5．Shakespeare
compared
the
world
to
a
stage.
v.＋on→动词短语
in＋n.→介词短语
act
on
按照……而行动attend
on
照顾，侍候based
on
以……为基础
in
common
共用，公有，共同in
consequence
结果是，因此in
danger
在危险中，垂危
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.This
is
probably
why
Burns
talked
about
a
rose
in
his
famous
poem，‘A
Red，Red
Rose’．这可能就是为什么彭斯在他著名的诗歌《一朵红红的玫瑰》里描写了玫瑰。
That/This
is＋why引导的表语从句。
To
be
top
of
that
list
shows
what
a
great
player
he
is
and
that's_why
we
paid
the
money
for
him.
他以在得分榜上名列前茅来证明他是个多么伟大的球员，这就是我们给他这么多钱的原因。
2.He
wrote
in
the
same
way
the
Scottish
people
spoke
back
then，which
explains
why
the
spelling
looks
rather
strange.他用苏格兰方言写作，这就解释了为什么这首诗的拼写看起来相当奇怪。
way＋定语从句
Most
people
do
not
seem
to
see
the
cost
of
a
house
in_the_same_way_(that/in_which)_they_see_other_prices.多数人看待房屋价格的方式似乎不同于他们看待其他物品价格的方式。
reputation
n．名誉，名声；名望
(教材P14)Burns
had
a
reputation
for
being
funny
and
pleasant
to
be
around.彭斯以风趣和友善而四处闻名。
have
a
good/bad
reputation
有好/坏名声have
a
reputation
for...
因……而有名earn/build/establish
a
reputation
赢得/确立/树立声誉live
up
to
one's
reputation
不负盛名；名不虚传damage/ruin
sb.'s
reputation
有损/毁坏某人的名声
①The
service
at
this
hotel
failed
to
live
up
to
its
reputation.
这家旅馆的服务名不副实。
②This
will
ruin
my
reputation.
这个将会毁坏我的名声。
③She
devoted
herself
entirely
to
her
research
and
it
earned
her
a
good
reputation
in
her
field.
她完全致力于她的研究工作，这为她在她的领域中赢得了良好的名誉。
④He
has
a
reputation
for
finishing(finish)
work
on
time.
他按时完成工作众人皆知。
debt
n．债务，欠款
(教材P14)
However，he
came
from
a
poor
family
with
many
debts，and
did
not
ever
make
a
lot
of
money.
然而，他出生在一个负债累累的贫困家庭，而且他从来没有挣到过很多钱。
in
debt
欠债；负债out
of
debt
不欠债in
sb.'s
debt/in
debt
to
sb.
欠某人的情；受某人的恩惠get/run/fall
into
debt
借债；负债pay
off
debts/get
out
of
debt
还清债务
①You
saved
my
life.I
am
forever
in
your
debt/in
debt
to
you.
你救了我的命。我永远感恩不尽。
②It
is
time
to
pay
off
the
debt
that
you
have
owed
for
one
year.这笔账你已经欠了一年，该还上了。
③It's
much
easier
to
get
into
debt
than
to
get
out
of
debt.借债容易还债难。
④I
don't
like
being
in
debt
to
anyone.
我不喜欢欠任何人钱。
adore
vt.热爱，喜爱，爱慕
(教材P14)From
this
we
can
see
how
much
the
Scottish
people
adored
Burns.
从中我们可以看出苏格兰人民多么爱彭斯。
(1)adore
doing
sth.
喜爱做某事adore
sb.for
sth.
因某事而敬重某人(2)adorable
adj.
值得爱慕的；可爱的adoring
adj.
敬慕的；崇拜的(3)adoration
n.
爱慕；敬慕adorer
n.
崇拜者
①People
adore
him
for
his
noble
character.
人们因他的高贵人格而崇拜他。
②What
adorable
hair
and
eyes
you
have!
你的头发和眼睛是多么可爱呀！
③She
adores
working(work)
for
children.
她热爱为儿童工作。
④He
is
worthy
of
all
your
adoration(adore)．
他值得你倾慕。
focus
on/upon集中(注意力、精力等)于；聚集于；使
(眼睛)注视
(教材P14)The
poetry
of
this
period
often
focuses
on
concepts
like
freedom
and
beauty，and
tends
to
use
imagination
and
touch
on
strong
feelings.
这个时期的诗歌通常关注比如自由和美这样的观念，并且倾向于使用想象，并涉及强烈的情感。
(1)focus
one's
eyes/attention/mind
on
把目光/注意力/精力集中到……上(2)bring
sth.into
focus
使某物清晰、明确或在焦点上in
focus
对准焦点；清晰out
of
focus
没对准焦点；不清晰
①The
noise
made
it
hard
for
me
to
focus
on
work.
噪音让我无法集中注意力工作。
②You
must
bring
the
object
into
focus
if
you
want
a
good
photograph.
如果你想拍出好的照片，你必须把被拍摄物置于焦点上。
③Focus
your
attention
on
her，and
keep
listening
until
you
truly
understand.
把注意力集中到她身上，一直到你听懂为止。
④You
cannot
take
a
good
photograph
unless
the
object
is
in
focus.
只有对准焦距才可以拍出好照片。
[名师点津]
表示“集中(注意力、精力)”的短语还有哪些？
①concentrate/fix/center
on
②concentrate/fix
one's
attention
on
③put
one's
heart
into
intend
vi.&
vt.打算，计划，想要
(教材P14)The
poem
was
published
in
1794
and，like
many
of
Burns's
poems，it
was
intended
to
be
a
song.
这首诗发表于1794年，和许多彭斯的诗一样，它原是为歌咏而作。
(1)intend
to
do
sth.
打算做某事intend
sb.to
do
sth.
打算让某人做某事intend
that...
建议；主张(2)
be
intended
to
be/do
sth.
目的是作为某物/目的是做某事be
intended
for
为……打算/设计的(3)intention
n.
意图；目的；打算
①The
boss
intended
his
secretary
to
attend
the
meeting.
老板打算让秘书出席这次会议。
②I
intended
to
invite
him，but
I
forgot
to
do
so.＝I
had
intended
to
invite
him，but
I
forgot
to
do
so.
我本想/本打算邀请他的，可是我忘记了。
③He
told
me
that
the
course
was
intended
to_help
(help)
the
beginners.
他告诉我说这门课程是为帮助初学者而设计的。
④This
money
is
intended
for
the
development
of
the
tourist
industry.
这笔钱准备用于旅游业的开发。
[名师点津]
had
intended
that.../to
do和intended
to
do表示本来打算干某事，但实际上未做成。类似用法的还有hope，mean，want，expect等。
consist
of由……构成；由……组成
(教材P14)Burns
divided
this
poem
into
four
short
sections
consisting
of
four
lines
each.
彭斯将这首诗分为四个小节，每节由四行组成。
(1)consist
in
在于，决定于consist
with
相符，一致(2)
由……组成/构成
①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)A
team
of
researchers
trained
three
Rhesus
monkeys
to
associate
26
clearly
different
symbols
consisting
of
numbers
and
selective
letters
with
0?25
drops
of
water
or
juice
as
a
reward.
一个研究小组用零至二十五滴水或果汁作奖励来训练三只恒河猴子将26个明显不同的符号关联起来，这些符号含有数字和认真挑选过的字母。
②Good
service
consists
in
punctuality
and
dependability.
良好的服务在于守时与可靠。
③His
actions
do
not
consist
with
the
promises
in
his
speeches.
他的行为和他在演讲中的承诺不一致。
④As
everyone
knows，water
consists
of
oxygen
and
hydrogen.
人人都知道，水由氢和氧组成。
[名师点津]
consist
of没有被动语态；没有进行时态。
(教材P14)This_is
probably
why
Burns
talked
about
a
rose
in
his
famous
poem，‘A
Red，Red
Rose’．这可能就是为什么彭斯在他著名的诗歌《一朵红红的玫瑰》里描写了玫瑰。
【要点提炼】
本句为“This/That
is
why...”句型，意为“这/那就是……的原因”，其中why引导的是表语从句。该句型通常用来对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结。
(1)That/This
is
because...“那/这是因为……”
(that/this表示结果，because引导表语从句，从句表示原因)(2)The
reason
why(＝
for
which)．..is
that...“……的原因是……”(why引导定语从句，并在从句中作状语，that引导表语从句，不可换成because)
①It
is
a
waste
of
money.That
is
why
I
am
not
in
favour
of
the
plan.我不赞成这个计划的理由是因为浪费金钱。
②He
was
late
for
class.That
was
because
he
got
up
late.＝The
reason
why/for
which
he
was
late
was
that
he
got
up
late.
他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。
(教材P14)When
this
monument
in
honour
of
him
was
first
shown
to
the
public
in
1877，the
day
was
declared
a
holiday
and
about
30,000
people
came
out
to
watch.
【分析】句中when引导时间状语从句，主句是由and连接的并列句。
【翻译】这座纪念彭斯的塑像于1877年首次对公众展出，那一天被定为假日，约有三万人出来观看。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．This
medical
team
consists
of
five
doctors
and
ten
nurses.
2．Like
his
father，he
also
gains
a
good
reputation
for
his
learned
knowledge
and
great
care
for
ordinary
people.
3．Deep
in
debt，he
had
to
cut
down
the
expense
on
his
new
flat.
4．Tom
adores
reading
(read)
classic
novels
and
dreams
of
being
a
writer.
5．Don't
take
things
not
belonging
(belong)
to
you.
6．Mike
was
late
for
the
meeting.That
is
because
he
didn't
catch
the
first
bus.
7．I
intended
to_make(make)
a
cake，but
I
ran
out
of
time.
8．His
talk
did
not
touch
on
the
housing
problem，which
we
were
paying
attention
to.
9．Dick
Jones
is
very
much
in
tune
with
his
boss
and
knows
exactly
what
she
wants.
10．As
we
all
know，a
lot
of
the
gold
is_melted
(melt)
down
and
used
for
making
jewellery.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．如果你集中精力于你所学的东西，你会成功的。
If_you_focus_your_attention_on
what
you
are
learning，you
will
succeed.
2．尽管演讲者在报告过程中涉及了其他几个问题，但大都切合主题。
The
speaker
touched_on_several_other_subjects
in
the
course
of
his
talk
but
mostly
kept
himself
to
the
main
topic.
3．他在这里住了十年，那便是他如此喜欢这个地方的原因。
He
lived
here
for
ten
years.That_is_why
he
likes
the
place
so
much.
4．那把椅子原本是为你准备的，但是被她搬走了。
The
chair
was_intended_for_you，but
she
took
it
away.
5．在伦敦的时候，我们参观了为纪念弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔护士而建立的医院。
While
in
London，we
paid
a
visit
to
the
hospital
founded
in_honour_of_the_nurse
Florence
Nightingale.Unit
1
The
written
world
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．Pin
(钉住)
the
pieces
together
before
sewing
them.
2．There
have
been
rumours
that
the
band
will
reunite
(再联合)
for
a
world
tour.
3．The
government
has
decided
to
reform
(改革)
the
health
system.
4．The
film
ended
most
satisfactorily:
vice
(邪恶)
punished
and
virtue
rewarded.
5．The
use
of
nuclear
weapons
is
a
horrible
threat
to
human
beings.
6．He
put
the
letter
in
a
red
envelope，and
mailed
it.
7．Some
people
are
still
in
the
fire，waiting
to
be
rescued.
8．No
matter
what
the
results
of
the
home?made
gift
look
like，remember
it's
the
thought
that
counts.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．million
n．百万→millionaire
n．百万富翁
2．resist
vi.&
vt.反抗，抵制，抵挡→resistance
n．反抗；抵制→resistant
adj.有抵抗力的
3．unite
vt.&
vi.团结；联合→reunite
vt.&
vi.(使)重逢；(使)再联合
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．have
appeal
to
对……有吸引力；向……发出呼吁
2．in
order
to
为了……
3．come
to
one's
rescue
救援某人，帮助某人
4．be
of
great
significance
重要的；具有重要意义
5．at
the
sight
of
看见，一看到
6．worn
out
破烂不堪的，疲惫不堪的
7．far
from
远非，几乎相反
8．head
for
向……走去
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．Worn_out
after
a
day
of
shopping，I
fell
asleep
soon.
2．Computer，far_from
destroying
jobs，can
create
employment.
3．He
held
on
to
a
branch
until
we
came_to_his_rescue.
4．It's
time
that
we
headed/should_head_for
the
market.
5．The
police
made_an/had_appeal_to
the
public
to
remain
calm，saying
the
situation
would
be
improved
soon.
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.Oliver
gets
arrested
by
the
police
and
is
taken
to
court.奥利弗被警察逮捕并被送上了法庭。
“get＋过去分词”结构。
If
you
don't
obey
the
rules，you'll
get_punished.
如果你不遵守规则，就会受到惩罚。
2.English
literature，especially
English
fiction，is
of
great
significance
in
the
literary
world.英国文学，尤其是英国科幻小说，在文学界具有非常重要的意义。
“be
of＋抽象名词”。
They
are_of_great_help
to
learners
of
English.
他们对英语学习者来说是很有帮助的。
3.Holding
it
in
his
hands，he
sat
down
on
the
old
bench
and
waited.他把它(球)捧在手中，坐在旧长凳上等着。
现在分词短语作伴随状语。
The
children
ran
out
of
the
room，laughing_and_talking_merrily.
那些孩子们跑出房间，愉快地笑着、说着。
4.Later
that
day，a
pair
of
brand
new
sneakers
lay
next
to
his
chair，and
in
the
corner
was
a
new
soccer
ball.那天晚些时候，一双崭新的运动鞋摆在了他的椅子旁边，角落里还有个新足球。
介词短语置于句首引起的倒装。
By
the
window
sat_a_young_man
with
a
magazine
in
his
hand.
窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。
have
appeal
to对……有吸引力，向……发出呼吁
(教材P7)Science
fiction，romance
and
detective
stories，like
those
about
Sherlock
Holmes，have
great
appeal
to
many
young
people.
科幻小说，爱情小说，像那些关于夏洛克·福尔摩斯的侦探小说都对许多年轻人有很大的吸引力。
(1)make
an
appeal
to
sb.
向某人发起呼吁；吸引某人(2)appeal
(to
sb.)
for
sth.
为……(向某人)呼吁appeal
to
sb.to
do
sth.
恳请某人干某事appeal
to...
求助于；呼吁；对……有吸引力
①She
made
the
last
appeal
to
her
father
to
forgive
her.
她最后一次请求父亲原谅她。
②(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In
addition，most
newspapers
had
little
in
them
that
would
appeal
to
a
mass
audience.
此外，大多数报纸上几乎没有吸引大众读者的东西。
③The
company
is
appealing
to
everyone
to_save
(save)
power
and
water.
公司正呼吁大家节约水电。
④If
anything，swimming
will
appeal
to
her
most
strongly.
如果说有什么能强烈地吸引她，那就是游泳了。
resist
vi.&
vt.反抗，抵制，抵挡；使不受……的伤害；忍住
(教材P9)Fagin
and
his
group
of
criminals
find
him
and
drag
him
back
into
the
life
of
crime，pressuring
him
with
the
threat
of
violence
if
he
resists.
费金和他的犯罪同伙找到了他并拉他重新犯罪。如果他拒绝，就用暴力威胁逼迫他。
(1)resist
(doing)
sth.
抵制/反对(做)某事can't
resist
doing
sth.
忍不住做某事；无法抗拒做某事的诱惑(2)resistant
adj.
抵抗的，有抵抗力的；阻止的be
resistant
to
sth.
对某事有抵抗力；抵制某事(3)resistance
n.
反抗；抵制
①He
couldn't
resist
showing
off
his
new
car.
他忍不住炫耀起了他的新车。
②Some
governors
are
not
resistant
to
the
temptation
of
money.
有些政府官员抗拒不了金钱的诱惑。
③The
man
resisted
being_arrested(arrest)
and
held
off
the
police
for
an
hour.
那人拒捕并与警察对抗达一小时之久。
④Poor
diet
lowers
resistance
(resist)
to
illness.
营养太差的饮食会削弱对于疾病的抵抗力。
[名师点津]
resist表示“忍住”，常与表否定意义的can't/can
hardly/be
not
able
to连用，resist之后常接名词、代词或动名词，而不接不定式。
reunite
vi.&
vt.(使)重逢，再相聚；(使)再结合，再联合
(教材P9)Unless
Oliver
can
escape，he
will
never
be
reunited
with
Mr
Barnlow...
除非奥利弗能够逃脱，否则他将永远不能和巴罗先生再在一起……
(1)reunite
with
sb.
和某人团聚reunite
sb.with
sb.
使某人与某人重逢(2)reunion
n.
逢；团圆
①Christmas
is
a
time
of
reunion.
圣诞节是团圆的时刻。
②He
is
planning
to
come
back
here
reunite
with
his
old
friends.
他计划要回到这里和他的老朋友重新聚一聚。
③Finally
the
lost
girl
was_reunited(reunited)with
her
parents.
走失的女孩终于同父母重新团聚了。
worn?out
adj.破烂不堪的，废旧的；筋疲力尽的
(教材P11)“Look
at
you
two
with
your
stupid
ball
and
worn?out
sneakers，”
Steven
laughed
and
said.
“看看你们两个，穿着破烂的运动鞋踢着你们的臭球。”斯蒂芬哈哈大笑，接着说道。
wear
out
用坏，(使)磨损wear
sb.out
使某人极度疲乏be
worn
out
筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的wear
off
渐渐减少；消逝wear
away
变薄；磨光；虚度；(时光等)流逝
①The
effects
of
the
drug
began
to
wear
off.
药效开始逐渐消退了。
②Apart
from
tears，only
time
could
wear
everything
away.除了眼泪，只有时间可以消磨一切。
③They
were
worn(wear)
out
after
a
long
day
spent
working
in
the
fields.
他们在地里干了一整天的活儿，累得疲惫不堪。
④If
you
climb
a
lot，your
shoes
will
wear
out
easily.
如果你经常爬山，鞋就会很容易磨破。
talent
n．天才，天赋，才能，天资；人才
(教材P11)Mike's
sneakers
were
old
and
muddy，and
he
had
little
talent
for
soccer.迈克的运动鞋又旧又沾满了泥巴，并且他几乎没有踢足球的天分。
(1)have
a
talent/gift
for
在……方面有才华/天赋(2)talented
adj.
有才能的，天才的；有才干的be
talented/gifted
at/in
在……方面有才华/天赋
①John
is
talented
in
painting
wild
life.
约翰擅长画野生动物。
②My
friend
is
a
talented
(talent)
player.
我的朋友是一个有天赋的球员。
③The
little
boy
showed
a
talent
for
painting.We
all
believed
he
would
become
a
talented
artist.
这个小男孩表现出绘画天赋，我们都相信他会成为一位有才华的艺术家。
let
out发出(声音等)；使……出去，放出；泄露(秘密等)；放宽(衣服等)，放大
(教材P11)Kevin
let
out
a
sad
sigh.凯文悲叹了一声。
写出下列各句中let
out的含义
①At
the
sight
of
the
snake，she
let
out
a
scream.发出
②Someone
has
let
out
this
secret
decision
to
the
workers.泄露
③He
was
let
out
because
of
no
evidence
showing
he
was
guilty.放出；释放
let
sb.alone
不打扰，不惊动let
sth.alone
不碰；不变动let
sb.down
使失望；放下let
alone
更不用说
④The
boy
was
angry.Let
him
alone.
这个男孩很生气，别管他。
⑤I'm
afraid
she
let
us
down
badly.
很遗憾，她让我们大失所望。
pick
up用车接某人，让人搭车；偶尔习得；接收；继续讲；沾染/养成(习惯)；好转，改善
(教材P11)As
his
sadness
turned
to
anger，he
picked
up
his
new
soccer
ball
and
kicked
it
into
the
air.
随着他的伤心转为气愤，他拿起新足球踢向空中。
写出下列各句中pick
up的含义
①As
the
weather
gradually
becomes
warmer
and
warmer，he
will
pick
up
soon.
好转
②She
went
over
to
the
crying
boy
and
picked
him
up.抱起
③It
didn't
take
me
long
to
pick
up
the
basic
knowledge
of
the
language.
(无意中)学会
④It
is
your
turn
to
pick
up
the
kids
from
school
this
afternoon.用车接某人
pick
off
摘下，摘掉pick
out
选出，挑出
⑤Don't
pick
off
any
of
these
flowers.
这些花一朵也不要采摘。
⑥I
have
been
picked
out
to
represent
the
whole
team.
我被选出来代表全队。
rescue
n．&
vt.救援，营救
(教材P12)My
favourite
character
in‘The
Attic’is
Stuart，who
comes
to
her
rescue
and
adds
some
comedy
to
this
otherwise
dark
tale.《阁楼》中我最喜爱的人物是斯图尔特，他救援她并给这相对暗淡的故事增添了一些喜剧色彩。
(1)rescue
sb./sth.from
从……拯救某人/某物(2)come
to
one's
/the
rescue
救援(某人)；帮助(某人)
①The
rescue
workers
made
a
lot
of
rescue
after
the
big
earthquake.
大地震后，营救人员做了许多次营救工作。
②After
the
miners
were
trapped
underground，the
firemen
soon
came
to
their
rescue.
在矿工被困地下后，消防队员们很快前来营救。
③The
young
hero
rescued
ten
people
from
the
fire
singlehanded.
那个少年英雄独自从火中救出十个人。
(教材P9)Oliver
gets_arrested
by
the
police
and
is
taken
to
court.
奥利弗被警察逮捕并被送上了法庭。
【要点提炼】
句中的gets
arrested是“get＋过去分词”结构。该结构中get被用来代替be动词，和过去分词连用，构成被动结构，表示某一事件或事故的发生，着重强调动作的结果。
“get＋过去分词”型短语：get
dressed
穿好衣服get
hurt
受伤get
engaged
订婚get
paid
得到报酬get
lost
迷路get
married
结婚get
divorced
离婚get
drunk
喝醉get
burnt
烧伤get
separated
被分开get
punished
受惩罚
①He
insisted
that
he
didn't
get
drunk
at
the
party.
他坚持说在宴会上他并没有喝醉。
②He
got
lost
in
the
forest.
他在森林里迷了路。
③They
planned
to
get
married
(marry)
next
year.
他们打算明年结婚。
④If
you
play
with
fire，you'll
get
burnt(burn)
in
the
event.
你如果玩火，到头来总会被灼伤。
(教材P11)Holding_it_in_his_hands，he
sat
down
on
the
old
bench
and
waited.
他把它(球)捧在手中，坐在旧长凳上等着。
【要点提炼】
现在分词短语holding
it
in
his
hands作伴随状语。现在分词(短语)作状语(其逻辑主语必须和主语保持一致)可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随等。
(1)现在分词(短语)作状语，其逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致时，应该加上分词的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。(2)现在分词(短语)作状语，若它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，须用having
done结构。
①Hearing
the
news，they
all
jumped
with
joy.
听到这个消息时，他们都高兴得跳了起来。
②Time
permitting，we'll
do
another
two
exercises.
如果时间允许，我们将做另外两项练习。
③Having_failed
(fail)
many
times，he
didn't
lose
heart.
尽管失败了很多次，他仍不灰心。
④Taking(take)
the
path
that
leads
out
of
the
town，you
will
come
to
a
dense
wood.
如果你沿着通向郊外的小道前进，就会走到一片密林处。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He
was
almost
asleep，worn(wear)
out
with
all
this
hard
work.
2．This
kind
of
music
has
great
appeal
to
the
children.
3．The
majority
of
houses
are
made
of
mud，so
have
little
resistance(resist)
to
earth
tremors.
4．The
novel，set
in
the
Gold
Rush，is
popular
with
many
people.
5．So
far
we
have
done
a
lot
to
build
a
low?carbon
economy，but
it
is
far
from
ideal.We
have
to
work
still
harder.
6．David
threatened
to_report
(report)
his
neighbour
to
the
police
if
the
damages
were
not
paid.
7．It's
widely
agreed
that
the
reform
of
our
sports
system，rather
than
foreign
coaches，will
be
helpful
to
Chinese
football.
8．It
was
the
young
man
that
rescued(rescue)
the
child
from
the
deep
water.
9．The
family
was_reunited(reunite)after
the
war.
10．On
the
mountain
stands
(stand)
a
temple
which
dates
back
to
hundreds
of
years
ago.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．那个女孩跟着她的父母进来了。
The
girl
came
in，following_her_parents.
2．我们搬家的时候有些玻璃杯被打碎了。
Some
glasses
got_broken
when
we
were
moving
house.
3．虽然我应该减肥，但我忍不住又吃了一块蛋糕。
I
couldn't_resist_having_another_piece_of_cake
even
though
I
was
supposed
to
lose
weight.
4．比赛前，他状态良好。但在赛后，他就疲惫不堪了。
Before
the
race，he
is
fine.But
afterwards
he_is_worn_out.
5．你知道表演事业为什么会吸引那么多年轻女孩吗？
Do
you
know
why
acting
has_appeal_to/appeals_to_so_many_young_girls?
