Unit
1
Nature
in
the
balance
写一封建议信
本单元的写作任务是建议信，属于应用文。建议信的目的是向有关组织或个人提出建议，所提建议旨在针对某种事物或现象，提出一些改进的措施。建议信一般采取三段式结构。
[基本框架]
1．开头——提出写建议信的缘由。
2．主体——写出建议的具体内容，并指出你所提出的建议可能会带来的好处。
3．结尾——表明希望自己的建议被采纳。
[常用词块]
1．wildlife野生生物
2．extinction灭绝
3．in
danger
of处于……危险中
4．with
the
development
of...随着……的发展
5．take
measures/steps采取措施
6．protect
...from
...保护……免受……
7．stop
sb.from
doing
sth.阻止某人做某事
8．result
in导致
9．pay
attention
to注意
10．to
make
matters
worse使事情更糟糕的是
11．low?carbon低碳的
12．polluted受污染的
13．arouse
one's
awareness
of...唤起某人的……意识
14．run
out用完
15．adjust
to适应
[常用语句]
精彩开头
(1)I'm
writing
to
tell
you
that...
(2)Recently
we
have
made
a
survey
that...
(3)Many
people
are
worried
about...
(4)It
worries
more
and
more
people
that...
丰满主体
(1)We
intend
to...to
help/save/protect...
(2)We
are
ready
to
call
on
people
to...
(3)We
feel
like
doing...to
teach
the
illegal
hunters
a
lesson...
(4)We'd
rather
not...but
do...
(5)We'd
like
to...to
punish
those
who
do
harm
to
wildlife.
余味结尾
(1)I
hope
that
my
suggestions
are
helpful
for
your
decision?making
anyway.
(2)I
believe
that
you
will
take
my
suggestions
into
serious
account.
(3)I
would
be
more
than
happy
to
see
improvement.
(4)I
would
be
ready
to
discuss
this
matter
with
you
for
further
details.
(5)We
need
your
support
to
make
more
and
more
people...
假如你叫李华，你所生活的城市周围有很多动植物正逐渐减少，对此你想向有关部门写一封信，分析造成这种现象的原因，并根据实际情况提出切实可行的几条建议。以下几条要点要包括在内：
1．野生动植物的现状；
2．分析造成许多野生动植物濒临灭绝的原因；
3．提出几条保护野生动植物的具体措施。
注意：
1．词数80左右，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2．开头语和结束语已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear
Sir/Madam，
I'm
writing
to
give
some
suggestions
to
protect
the
wildlife
living
in
and
around
our
city.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
I
hope
my
suggestions
are
helpful.
Yours
sincerely，
Li
Hua
[参考范文]
Dear
Sir/Madam，
I'm
writing
to
give
some
suggestions
to
protect
the
wildlife
living
in
and
around
our
city.
As
we
know，many
species
of
wildlife
are
in
danger
of
extinction.This
is
because
the
environment
that
they
are
living
in
has
been
destroyed
greatly.They
not
only
have
little
to
eat，but
also
can
be
killed
by
human
beings.
Personally，more
measures
should
be
taken
to
protect
them
from
being
hurt.Firstly，more
laws
must
be
made
to
stop
people
from
cutting
down
trees.Secondly，all
the
factories
must
clean
the
waste
water
before
it
is
poured
into
rivers
or
lakes.Thirdly，more
reserves
should
be
set
up
so
that
they
can
live
safely.
I
hope
my
suggestions
are
helpful.
Yours
sincerely，
Li
Hua
PAGEUnit
1
Nature
in
the
balance
1．Be
kind
to
animals
and
live
in
harmony!
善待动物，和谐生存！
2．Protect
animals
and
maintain
ecological
balance.
保护动物，维护生态平衡。
3．It
is
everyone's
duty
to
protect
birds
and
wildlife.
保护鸟类保护野生动物人人有责。
4．Share
nature
with
the
earth!
同在地球上，共享大自然！
5．Care
for
life，stop
killing，we
have
a
common
planet.
关爱生命，停止杀戮，我们拥有一个共同的地球。
6．Animals
and
we
are
one
family.We
depend
on
everyone
to
protect
animals.
动物和咱是一家，保护动物靠大家。
It
is
very
important
for
us
to
keep
the
balance
of
nature，and
nature
often
teaches
its
lessons.Here
are
two
examples.The
first
one
is
eagles
eat
chickens.They
eat
mice
as
well.The
farmers
want
to
kill
many
eagles
to
protect
their
chickens，but
to
their
surprise，more
and
more
mice
appeared.A
lot
of
grains
were
eaten.The
second
one
is
in
one
place
in
America，the
deer
eat
a
kind
of
wild
rose，while
the
mountain
lions
eat
the
deer.People
killed
many
mountain
lions
to
protect
the
deer.As
a
result，the
deer
ate
up
all
the
wild
roses
and
began
to
eat
the
green
leaves
and
young
trees.Now
you
can
see
how
important
it
is
to
keep
the
balance
of
nature.If
we
don't
keep
the
balance
of
nature，we
will
suffer
from
it.
As
we
all
know，animals
are
humans'
best
friends.Animals
are
valuable
resources(资源)that
are
helpful
to
us
all
through
our
history.However，many
kinds
of
animals
are
in
danger
now!
Animals
have
been
killed
for
their
fur，for
food，for
entertainment，and
simply
because
they
are
in
the
way.Thousands
of
kinds
of
animals
have
disappeared
from
the
earth
forever
so
far.Hundreds
more
are
on
the
danger
list
today.About
170
kinds
in
the
United
States
alone
are
considered
in
danger.It
is
high
time
that
we
should
pay
more
attention
to
how
to
protect
these
animals
on
the
earth.
Why
should
we
care
about
the
animals
in
danger？Because
animals
help
us
a
lot
and
we
need
animals.Once
they
are
gone，there
will
never
be
any
more.Animals
are
more
than
just
beautiful
or
interesting.They
are
more
than
just
a
source(来源)of
food.Every
animal
has
its
place
in
the
balance
of
nature.Destroying
one
kind
of
animal
can
create
many
problems.
Luckily，some
people
are
working
to
help
save
the
animals.Some
groups
raise
money
to
let
people
know
about
the
problem.And
they
try
to
get
the
governments
to
pass
laws
protecting
animals
in
danger.Quite
a
few
countries
have
passed
laws.These
laws
forbid(禁止)the
killing
of
any
animal.Slowly，the
number
of
some
animals
in
danger
is
growing.Everyone
should
try
to
protect
animals
and
treat
them
well.
[探索发现]
1．Find
out
the
main
idea
of
the
passage.
The
passage
is
mainly
about
why
and
how
we
protect
our
best
friends—animals.
2．Find
out
why
we
should
care
about
the
animals
in
danger.
Because
animals
help
us
a
lot
and
we
need
animals.
3．Find
out
what
we
can
do
to
protect
and
save
the
animals
in
danger.
First，raise
the
people's
awareness
of
protecting
animals；second，ask
the
government
to
pass
the
laws
protecting
the
animals.
PAGEUnit
1
Nature
in
the
balance
阅读教材P11－12的材料，选出最佳选项
1．Where
is
the
passage
probably
taken
from?
A．A
TV
interview
programme
on
pollution.
B．A
magazine
about
environmental
pollution.
C．A
newspaper
about
investigation
experiment.
D．A
travel
journal
about
Norgate.
2．What
can
be
concluded
from
the
passage?
A．All
the
local
residents
protested
against
heavy
industry.
B.Factory
managers
are
irresponsible
businessmen.
C．Most
factories
tries
their
best
to
reduce
the
pollution
while
they
make
profits.
D．Fighting
pollution
is
just
a
task
for
factories
and
government
departments.
3．What's
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
A．The
local
people
are
all
against
environmental
pollution.
B.The
advantages
of
opening
a
factory
outweigh
the
disadvantages.
C．Environmental
protection
is
a
long?term
task
that
requires
joint
efforts.
D．There
are
different
viewpoints
on
environmental
pollution.
[答案] 1－3 ACC
Words
and
Phrases
come
up
with
想出，想到
(教材P6)All
of
them
come
up
with
creative
ideas
on
how
to
solve
these
problems.
他们都对如何解决这些问题提出了创造性的想法。
[例1] When
you
have
finished，try
to
come
up
with
two
more
events
for
each
category.
当你完成后，每一种类尽量再提出两个项目。
[例2] Keep
your
eye
on
these
jokers，you
never
know
what
they
will
come
up
with.
盯住这些家伙，你永远不知道他们会想出什么来。
[造句] 我很惊讶他能想出这么好的主意。
I
was
amazed
that
he'd
come
up
with
such
a
sweet
idea.
[归纳拓展]
come
about
发生
come
across
(偶然)遇见；发现；被理解；被弄懂
come
up
被提出；出现；发芽
come
out
出来；长出；出版，发行；结果是
when
it
comes
to
(doing)...
当谈到(做)……时
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He
came
across
a
cat
in
the
park.
②His
new
album
came
out
last
year.
③We
need
to
come
up
with
a
better
plan
without
delay.
④When
it
comes
to
studying(study)English，he
is
very
weak.
(教材P6)Some
call
for
the
application
of
modern
technology，and
others
a
change
of
lifestyle.
一些人要求应用现代技术，另一些人要求改变生活方式。
(1)call
for(公开)要求；需要
[例1] Air
pollution
calls
for
our
special
concern.
空气污染问题需要我们的特别关注。
[例2] Several
candidates
were
called
for
a
second
interview.
几位候选人被通知去参加第二次面试。
[造句] 这个工作需要爱和耐心。
The
job
calls
for
love
and
patience.
[归纳拓展]
call
up
给……打电话；使回忆起
call
back
回电话；收回
call
on/upon
拜访(人)；号召
call
at
拜访(某地)
call
in
请来；召来
call
off
取消
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
old
picture
called
up
memories
of
his
childhood.
②The
government
calls
on
the
citizens
to
lead(lead)a
green
life.
③The
game
was
called
off
because
of
the
bad
weather.
④I
now
call
on/upon
the
chairman
to
address
the
meeting.
(2)application
n．应用，运用；申请
[例1] Since
the
1970s
many
new
applications
have
been
found
for
me.
从20世纪70年代起，我又被开发出了很多新的用途。
[例2] Barbara
made
an
application
for
a
job
as
a
nurse.
芭芭拉提出了应聘护士工作的申请。
[造句] 这项发明会在工业中得到广泛应用。
The
invention
would
have
a
wide
range
of
applications
in
industry.
[归纳拓展]
(1)apply
vt.
涂；敷；搽；应用；运用
vi.
申请；请求；使用；有效
apply
(to...)for...
(向……)申请……
apply
to
适用于；与……有关
apply
oneself
to...
专心于……(to为介词)
apply...to...
把……运用到……；把……涂到……
(2)applicant
n.
申请人
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
girl
decided
to
apply
for
a
job
in
this
company.
②The
technology
applied(apply)to
this
field
was
highly
thought
of.
③Students
should
apply
themselves
to
improving(improve)their
skills.
④In
this
way
we
can
better
apply
theory
to
practice.
get
rid
of
摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
(教材P11) ...it's
also
given
me
a
cough
that
I
can't
get
rid
of.
……它还让我患上了咳嗽，而且老是不好。
[例1] He
attached
himself
to
me
at
the
party
and
I
couldn't
get
rid
of
him.
在聚会上他老是缠着我，我简直无法摆脱他。
[例2] Most
people
have
some
regret
that
they
just
can't
seem
to
get
rid
of.
大多数人都会有一些似乎摆脱不了的遗憾。
[造句] 我的头疼的毛病老是不好。
I
can't
get/be
rid
of
this
headache.
[归纳拓展]
rid
sb./sth.of...
使某人/某物摆脱……
rid
oneself
of...
摆脱……；从……中解脱
get/be
rid
of...
摆脱/除去……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Maybe
we
should
rid
ourselves(we)of
modern
technology
and
return
to
simpler
times.
②I
was
glad
to
be(be)rid
of
the
car
when
I
finally
sold
it.
③You
should
rid
yourself(you)of
the
smoking
habit.
④If
I
ruled
the
world，I
would
rid
the
world
of
wars.
defence
n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守
(教材P11)In
defence
of
the
factories，however，I'd
like
to
point
out
that
we
also
try
to
control
the
amount
of
pollution
we
produce.
然而，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出，我们也在努力控制我们产生的污染量。
[例1] The
woman
rushed
there
in
defence
of
her
children.
这个女人冲过去保护自己的孩子们。
[例2] What
points
can
be
raised
in
defence
of
this
argument?
有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护呢？
[造句] 政府已削减了国防开支。
The
government
has
cut
back
on
defence
spending.
[归纳拓展]
(1)defend
vt.
辩解，辩白；防御，保护，保卫
defend...against/from...
保卫……免受……
defend
oneself
自卫；为自己辩解
(2)in
defence
of
为了保卫……，为……辩护
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I
have
to
say
in
her
defence(defend)that
she
knew
nothing
about
it
beforehand.
②She
had
to
defend
herself
against/from
the
guard
dog.
③You
must
learn
to
defend
yourself(you)when
being
attacked.
④All
our
officers
are
trained
to
defend
themselves
against/from
knife
attacks.
(教材P13)consequence
n．结果，后果；重要性
[例1] If
we
toy
with
nature，we
will
have
to
deal
with
the
consequences.
如果我们戏弄自然，我们将不得不应付各种后果。
[例2] She
was
found
guilty，and
lost
her
job
as
a
consequence
of
it.
她被判有罪，因而失去了工作。
[造句] 这项决定可能对该行业造成严重后果。
This
decision
could
have
serious
consequences
for
the
industry.
[归纳拓展]
(1)in
consequence＝as
a
consequence＝consequently
因此
as
a
consequence
of
由于；因为
in
consequence
of/as
a
consequence
of
由于，作为……的结果
(2)consequently
adv.
结果，因此
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①As
a
consequence
of
the
rain，the
tennis
match
was
delayed.
②She
studied
hard，and
consequently(consequence)she
passed
the
examination.
③The
child
was
born
weak
in
consequence
of
an
injury
to
its
mother.
[小片段助记]
A
lot
of
students
waste
their
spare
time
surfing
the
Internet；as
a
consequence，they
often
fail
to
finish
their
homework
on
time.Consequently，most
of
them
do
poorly
in
their
grades.Later，in
consequence
of
Tom's
hard
work，he
was
eventually
admitted
to
Nanjing
University.
give
rise
to
使发生(或存在)
(教材P13)For
example，in
many
parts
of
the
world，the
poor
quality
of
the
local
drinking
water
gives
rise
to
public
health
problems.
例如，在世界的许多地方，当地饮用水的质量低劣导致了公共卫生问题。
[例1] Low
levels
of
choline
in
the
body
can
give
rise
to
high
blood
pressure.
体内胆碱含量低可引发高血压。
[例2] The
novel's
success
gave
rise
to
a
number
of
sequels.
这部小说的成功带来了一系列的续篇。
[造句] 它会引起普遍的贫困和痛苦。
It
gave
rise
to
widespread
poverty
and
suffering.
[归纳拓展]
give
thought
to
认真考虑，思考
give
advice
to
提供建议
give
birth
to
产生；分娩；引发；造成
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She
had
given
thought(think)to
changing
her
job
before
she
made
the
decision.
②Religious
differences
between
them
gave
birth(bear)to
a
war.
③They
give
advice
to
people
with
HIV
and
AIDS.
④Yesterday's
earthquake
gave(give)rise
to
many
deaths.
细节理解题——直接定位法
细节理解题主要考查考生对文章事实细节的理解，在解答这类题时，可采用“直接定位”的方法，即带着问题找原文。
思维建模——熟练3步解题流程
[例文]Capital
City
Bike
Tour
in
Washington，D.C.Duration：3
hours
Morning
orAfternoon，this
bike
tour
is
the
perfect
tour
for
D．C.newcomers
and
locals
looking
to
experience
Washington，D.C.in
a
healthy
way
with
minimum
effort.Knowledgeable
guides
will
entertain
you
with
the
most
interesting
stories
about
Presidents，Congress，memorials，and
fortable
bikes
and
a
smooth
tour
route(路线)make
cycling
between
the
sites
fun
and
relaxing.
细节理解题的三大原则(1)解题的顺序原则：一般来说题目答案的位置与题目的顺序是一致的，这能帮助我们缩小寻找范围，大大提高解题效率。(2)关键词定位原则：通过寻读法，用题干中的关键词(包括专有名词、数词、实体名词、形容词、副词，以及这些词的同义词)在文中搜索，迅速确定相关词句或信息点所在的位置，缩小阅读范围。[注意] 文章中反复出现的名词或短语没有唯一出处，所以不能算是定位词。(3)依据原文信息原则：做题时务必要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中的某一处进行定位，然后画出相关语句，并与选项仔细比对。
※What
will
you
do
on
the
Capital
City
Bike
Tour?
A．Meet
famous
people.
B．Go
to
a
national
park.
C．Visit
well?known
museums.
D．Enjoy
interesting
stories.
[答案] D
[即学即练]
请快速确定下面这段文字的直接信息题的答案。
Mr.Koziatek
is
part
of
something
pioneering.He
is
a
teacher
at
a
New
Hampshire
high
school
where
learning
is
not
about
books
and
tests
and
rote
memorization(死记硬背)，but
something
practical.As
Koziatek
knows，there
is
learning
in
just
about
everything.Nothing
is
necessarily
gained
by
forcing
students
to
learn
geometry
at
a
desk.They
can
also
learn
geometry
by
putting
together
a
bicycle.
※What's
the
characteristic
of
Mr.Koziatek's
school?
A．Paying
attention
to
practical
learning.
B．Letting
students
do
many
tests.
C．Encouraging
students
to
read
books.
D．Forcing
students
to
learn
by
rote.
[答案] A
PAGEUnit
1
Nature
in
the
balance
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．harm
n．&
vt.伤害，损害→harmful
adj.有害的→harmless
adj.无害的
2．long
adj.长的，长时间的→length
n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长
3．survive
vi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于难→survival
n．残存物；幸存事物→survivor
n．幸存者；生还者
4．disappear
vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance
n．消失；失踪
5．agriculture
n．农业，农学→agricultural
adj.农业的
1．variety
n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体
①I
was
impressed
by
the
variety
of
dishes
on
offer.不同种类
②We
want
more
variety
in
our
work.变化，多样性
③Apples
come
in
a
great
many
varieties.变种，变体
2．living
adj.活着的，活的；在使用的
n．生计，谋生；生活方式
①Father
never
talked
about
what
he
did
for
a
living.生计
②Chinese
is
one
of
the
most
beautiful
languages
that
is
living
in
the
world.在使用的
③He
is
the
finest
living
pianist
that
I
have
ever
seen.活着的
Words
and
Phrases
harm
n．&
vt.伤害，损害
(教材P1)The
human
race
has
done
much
harm.
人类已经造成了许多危害。
[例1] What
should
be
done
to
punish
people
who
do
harm
to
the
animals?
应该做些什么来惩罚那些伤害动物的人呢？
[例2] Too
much
direct
sunlight
will
harm
the
plants.
过多的阳光直射会损害植物。
[造句] 他们对热带雨林造成了严重危害。
They
did
serious
harm
to
tropical
rainforest.
[知识拓展]
(1)do
sb./sth.harm＝do
harm
to
sb./sth.
对……有害
There
is
no
harm
(in)doing
sth.
做某事并无害处
(2)harmful
adj.
有害的
be
harmful
to...
对……有害
(3)harmless
adj.
无害的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Walking
in
the
air
full
of
smog
is
harmful(harm)to
us.
②Drinking
too
much
does
harm
to
your
health.
③There
is
no
harm
saying(say)sorry
to
him
first.
④We
all
know
that
smoking
does(do)harm
to
our
health.
variety
n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体
(教材P3)The
forest's
different
levels
support
an
unbelievable
variety
of
wildlife.
雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。
[例1] We
all
need
variety
in
our
diet.
我们都需要饮食多样化。
[例2] I'm
always
pleased
to
try
out
a
new
variety.
我一直乐于尝试新品种。
[造句] 我们有各种款式和尺码的货品。
We
stock
a
wide
variety
of
styles
and
sizes.
[归纳拓展]
(1)a
variety
of＝varieties
of
＝various
各种各样的；不同种类的
(2)vary
v.
变化多；变化；使多样化
vary
from...to...
从……到……不等；
在……到……之间变动
vary
with...
随……而变动
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①For
various(variety)reasons，we
couldn't
attend
her
wedding.
②Students
are
offered
varieties(variety)of
courses
in
this
department.
③That
sort
of
thing
varies
from
person
to
person
in
African
countries.
④The
menu
in
the
restaurant
varies
with
the
season.
[小片段助记]
I
am
glad
that
our
students
have
varieties
of
questions
to
ask
in
class，and
I
would
love
to
answer
them
in
various
ways.In
addition，the
questions
vary
from
person
to
person.
survive
vi.生存，存活
vt.幸存，幸免于难
(教材P3)While
a
significant
number
of
jaguars
survive
here，they
are
only
one
element
of
this
forest's
food
chain.
尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。
[例1] Is
it
enough
to
have
survived
for
a
long
time?
能保存很长一段时间就足够了吗？
[例2] I
can't
survive
on
￡20
a
week.
我每周靠20英镑难以生存。
[造句] 很多鸟死于这次严冬。
Many
birds
didn't
survive
the
severe
winter.
[归纳拓展]
(1)survive
sth.
幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来
survive
on
依靠……生活
survive
sb.by...
比某人多活……
(2)survival
n.
生存；幸存
(3)survivor
n.
生还者，幸存者
[名师点津] survive作“幸存；幸免于难”解时为及物动词，其后直接接宾语，不用介词in或from。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
old
woman
survived
her
own
daughter
by
ten
years.
②If
you
develop
AIDS，your
chances
of
survival(survive)are
very
small.
③He
is
lucky
to
have
survived(survive)the
terrible
accident.
break
down
使分解(为)，使变化(成)
(教材P3)When
a
jaguar
dies，a
tiny
army
of
microorganisms
helps
break
down
its
body
and
return
the
nutrients
to
the
earth.
当美洲豹死亡时，一小群微生物帮助分解它的尸体，并将营养物质还给大地。
[例1] Peace
talks
between
the
two
countries
have
broken
down
with
no
agreement
reached.
两国之间的和平谈判破裂，没有达成协议。
[例2] The
computer
system
broke
down
suddenly
while
he
was
searching
for
information.
在他搜寻资料时，电脑系统突然坏了。
[造句] 塑料袋很难分解。
Plastic
bags
are
difficult
to
break
down.
[归纳拓展]
break
up
破裂，绝交；解散；破碎
break
in
闯进；打断
break
into
闯入；侵占
break
out
(战争、火灾、疫病等)暴发
break
through
突破；冲破；有重要发现
break
away
from
逃脱；脱离
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It's
very
impolite
of
you
to
break
in
while
we're
talking.
②His
house
was
broken(break)into
last
night.
③When
the
war
broke
out
，he
was
only
four.
④My
girlfriend
has
broken
up
with
me.
[小片段助记]
Unfortunately，the
peace
talks
broke
down
in
the
end.As
a
result，a
war
broke
out
between
the
two
countries.The
native
people
had
to
break
away
from
their
homes
and
suffered
a
lot
from
the
war.
due
to
由于，因为
(教材P3)Over
the
past
50
years，about
17
per
cent
of
the
rainforest
has
disappeared
due
to
human
activities
such
as
agriculture
and
cattle
farming.
在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，大约17%的雨林消失了。
[例1] In
the
north
of
India，the
population
is
booming
due
to
high
birth
rates.
在印度北部，由于出生率高，人口正在迅速增长。
[例2] Due
to
the
widespread
use
of
penicillin，many
lives
were
saved
during
the
war.
正因为青霉素的广泛应用，战争期间很多生命得以挽救。
[造句] 比赛因下雨而延期。
The
game
was
put
off
due
to
the
rain.
[归纳拓展]
(1)due
adj.
应付的；应得的；适当的；预期的；到期的
be
due
to
do
sth.
预期/预定要做某事
be
due
to
sb.
应支付/应给予/应归于某人
be
due
for
sth.
应得到某物
(2)表示“由于”的词组还有：
owing
to
由于
because
of
因为；由于
as
a
result
of
由于
thanks
to
多亏；由于
on
account
of
由于，因为
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
team
are
due
to
fly(fly)to
Italy
next
month.
②The
meeting
isn't
due
to
start(start)until
three.
③Have
they
been
paid
the
money
that
is
due
to
them?
④The
sports
meeting
had
to
be
put
off
due
to
the
bad
weather.
damage
vt.&
n．损害，伤害，损坏，破坏
(教材P3)．..can
we
afford
to
damage
the
“lungs
of
the
planet”？
……我们能承担得起损伤“地球之肺”的后果吗？
[例1] The
damage
is
usually
more
serious
on
the
first
plant.
对第一株植物造成的损害通常更严重一些。
[例2] As
we
all
know，eating
too
much
fat
will
damage
our
health.
众所周知，摄入太多脂肪会损害我们的健康。
[造句] 暴雨对庄稼造成了很大的损害。
The
heavy
rain
has
done/caused
great
damage
to
the
crops.
[归纳拓展]
do/cause
damage
to... 对……造成损害
damage
one's
health
损害某人的健康
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
earthquake
caused
great
damage
to
the
city.
②It
will
take
several
months
to
repair
the
ship
damaged(damage)in
the
storm.
③As
we
know，smoking
seriously
damages(damage)our
health.
④They
have
repaired
the
buildings
damaged(damage)in
the
fire.
build
up
逐渐增加，扩大
(教材P5)For
another
thing，due
to
the
Amazon's
hot
climate，it
is
difficult
for
the
soil
to
build
up
enough
nutrients.
另一方面，由于亚马孙的炎热气候，土壤很难积累足够的养分。
[例1] The
secret
to
oil
painting
is
to
build
up
layer
on
layer
on
a
canvas.
画油画的秘诀就是在画布上涂上一层又一层(的颜料)。
[例2] Traffic
is
building
up
on
roads
into
the
city.
来往的车辆在通往市区的道路上越聚越多。
[造句] 当时各方面的压力逐渐增加，那家工厂每况愈下。
All
the
pressure
built
up
at
that
time
and
the
factory
went
from
bad
to
worse.
[归纳拓展]
build
sth.up
创建；开发
build
up
one's
strength
恢复体力
build
sb.up
增强体质
build
up
one's
vocabulary
增加词汇量
build
on
把……建立于；依赖
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You
can
build
on
his
honesty.
②It
may
take
a
few
weeks
for
you
to
build
up
your
strength
again.
③She
has
built
up
a
very
successful
business.
④Greenhouse
gases
continue
to
build
up
in
the
atmosphere，causing
the
global
temperature
to
go
up.
Sentence
Patterns
倍数＋the
size
of...
(教材P2)With
an
area
of
around
6
million
square
kilometres，the
Amazon
rainforest
is
more
than
half
the
size
of
China．
亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方公里，相当于中国面积的一半以上。
[句式分析]
本句中用了“倍数＋the＋名词(size/length/width/height/weight...)＋of＋被比较的对象”这一结构。
[例1] Beijing
is
ten
times
the
size
of
my
hometown.
北京是我家乡的十倍大。
[例2] This
river
is
three
times
the
length
of
that
one.这条河是那条河的三倍长。
[造句] 那架飞机的飞行高度是那只风筝的十倍。
The
plane
flew
ten
times
the
height
of
the
kite.
[知识拓展]
常见的倍数表示法：
(1)倍数＋as＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...
(2)倍数＋比较级＋than...
(3)倍数＋what从句
[翻译]
①This
table
is
three
times
longer(三倍长)than
that
one.
②The
price
of
the
house
this
year
is
twice
what
it
was
last
year(是去年的两倍).
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①This
bridge
is
five
times
the
width(wide)of
that
one.
②The
red
ruler
is
four
times
longer(long)than
the
yellow
one.
③The
city
is
ten
times
as
big(big)as
my
hometown.
④A
new
iPhone
costs
about
three
times
the
price
of
a
second?hand
one.
“表语＋系动词＋主语”倒装句式
(教材P3)Above
that
is
the
mass
of
leaf
litter
on
the
dark
forest
floor.
在那之上是在黑暗的雨林地面上的大量落叶。
[句式分析]
本句为完全倒装句。作表语的介词短语above
that位于句子开头，整句进行了全部倒装。正常语序为The
mass
of
leaf
litter
on
the
dark
forest
floor
is
above
that。
[例1] In
the
middle
of
the
hall
was
standing
a
tall
young
man.
在大厅中央站着一个高个子的年轻人。
[例2] Among
the
guests
is
the
person
you
are
looking
for.
你找的那个人就在客人当中。
[造句] 窗户旁边是一位悲伤的母亲。
Near
the
window
is
a
sad
mother.
[知识拓展]
需要完全倒装的情况：
(1)当作表语的“介词短语/形容词/分词”置于句首时，句子要用全部倒装，构成“表语(介词短语/形容词/分词)＋连系动词＋主语”结构。
(2)表示地点、时间、方向等的介词短语放在句首时。常见的介词有：among，between，in，at，beneath等。
(3)表示方向、地点和时间的副词in，out，down，up，off，back，away，over，there，now，then，here等放于句首，若主语是名词而不是代词时，要全部倒装。
[翻译]
①Here
comes
the
bus(汽车来了).
②In
front
of
our
school
stands(我们学校前面矗立着)a
tower.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Sitting
in
the
hall
were(be)the
two
astronauts
who
were
very
young.
②Here
comes(come)a
good
chance
that
you
can
use
your
summer
vacation
to
go
on
study
tours.
③On
the
wall
are(be)hanging
two
old
paintings.
④Present
at
the
evening
party
on
Thursday
was(be)our
English
teacher.
1．(教材P2)The
Amazon
River，from
which
the
rainforest
gets
its
name，is
close
to
6，400
kilometres
in
length—roughly
100
kilometres
longer
than
the
Yangtze
River.
[分析] 此句为主从复合句，其中from
which
the
rainforest
gets
its
name为
“介词＋
which
”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词The
Amazon
River。
[译文] 亚马孙河接近6
400公里长，比长江大约还长100公里，亚马孙雨林便是由其得名。
2．(教材P3)Each
level
of
the
forest
forms
its
own
little
world，home
to
different
kinds
of
living
things.
[分析] 此句为简单句。home
to
different
kinds
of
living
things
是名词
world
的同位语。
[译文] 雨林的每一层都形成了自己的小世界，是各种生物的家园。
3．(教材P3)As
the
impact
of
human
activities
continues
to
grow
and
the
list
of
species
in
danger
of
extinction
becomes
longer，we
are
left
with
a
question：can
we
afford
to
damage
the
“lungs
of
the
planet”？
[分析] 此句为主从复合句。其中
As
引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候，随着……”。can
we
afford
to
damage
the
“lungs
of
the
planet”是名词
question
的同位语。
[译文] 人类活动的影响不断增大，濒危物种名单越来越长，这留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损伤“地球之肺”的后果吗？
教材
高考
1.The
human
race
has
done
much
harm.
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)These
include
plants
that
have
sensors
printed
onto
their
leaves
to
show
when
they're
short
of
water
and
a
plant
that
can
detect
harmful
chemicals
in
groundwater.
2.The
forest's
different
levels
support
an
unbelievable
variety
of
wildlife.
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)There
are
different
kinds
of
fruit
trees
as
well
as
a
variety
of
animals.
3.When
a
jaguar
dies，a
tiny
army
of
micro?organisms
helps
break
down
its
body
and
return
the
nutrients
to
the
earth.
(2020·天津卷)Jones'
idea
has
been
fully
realized—the“HAPPY
TO
CHAT”benches
help
break
down
the
invisible
social
barrier
that
keeps
people
from
saying
hello.
4.As
the
impact
of
human
activities
continues
to
grow
and
the
list
of
species
in
danger
of
extinction
becomes
longer，we
are
left
with
a
question：can
we
afford
to
damage
the
“lungs
of
the
planet”？
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Nutria
damage
the
ecosystem
seriously.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The
polluted
air
around
is
harmful(harm)to
our
health.
2．He
was
ordered
to
pay
damages
(damage)totaling
$
3，000.
3．She
survived
her
husband
by
ten
years.
4．She
is
the
only
survivor(survive)in
the
accident.
5．A
police
officer
came
to
our
help
when
our
car
broke
down
on
the
way.
6．The
band's
first
album
is
due
to
come(come)out
this
month.
7．Build
yourself
up
to
peak
performance
on
the
day
of
the
exam.
8．The
production
is
now
three
times
what
it
was
five
years
ago.
9．In
front
of
our
house
lies(lie)a
river
where
we
used
to
swim.
10．The
island
offers
such
a
wide
variety(vary)of
scenery
and
wildlife.
Ⅱ.短语填空
in
turn；break
down；breathe
life
into；due
to；build
up；feed
on；in
danger
of；play
a
role
in；more
than；be
known
as
1．Increased
production
will，in
turn，lead
to
increased
profits.
2．The
graduates
breathed
life
into
our
business.
3．As
is
known
to
all，the
panda
is
in
danger
of
becoming
extinct.
4．I
like
her
more
than
her
sister.
5．The
country
needs
new
leadership
if
she
is
to
play
a
role
in
future
development.
6．Birds
feed
on
nuts
and
berries
in
the
winter.
7．Many
people
were
expecting
that
the
peace
talks
would
break
down．
8．This
design
came
to
be
known
as
the
oriental
style.
9．The
project
had
to
be
abandoned
due
to
a
lack
of
government
funding.
10．She
has
always
been
encouraged
to
swim
to
build
up
the
strength
of
her
muscles.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Welcome
to
the
Amazon
rainforest，the
1.largest(large)rainforest
in
the
world.It
plays
a
significant
role
in
2.maintaining(maintain)the
fine
balance
of
the
Earth's
ecosystem.The
Amazon
rainforest
crosses
into
eight
countries
3.with
an
area
of
around
6
million
square
kilometres，more
than
half
4.the
size
of
China.It
is
named
after
the
Amazon
River，5.which
is
close
to
6，400
kilometres
in
length.
Of
the
390，000
plant
species
6.known(know)to
us，more
than
40，000
can
be
found
in
the
Amazon
rainforest.The
forest's
different
levels
support
an
unbelievable
7.variety(vary)of
wildlife.And
more
than
1，300
species
of
8.birds(bird)and
over
400
species
of
mammals
hide
among
the
forest.
The
Amazon
rainforest
9.is
known(know)as
the
“lungs
of
the
planet”
by
fixing
carbon
and
producing
over
20%
of
all
the
Earth's
oxygen.Moreover，the
Amazon
rainforest
10.is(be)a
treasure
house
of
species
that
can
be
used
for
food
or
medicine.
PAGEUnit
1
Nature
in
the
balance
速读教材P2－3课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．The
Amazon
rainforest
is
the
largest
rainforest
in
the
world.
A．Right.
B．Wrong. C．Not
mentioned.
2．The
Amazon
rainforest
with
an
area
of
about
6
million
square
kilometres
is
half
the
size
of
China.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
3．Of
the
390，000
species
of
plants
in
the
world，over
40，000
can
survive
in
the
Amazon
rainforest.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
4．More
than
1，700
species
of
animals
hide
among
the
Amazon
rainforest's
plant
life.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
5．The
Amazon
rainforest
is
a
treasure
place
where
wildlife
can
be
used
for
industrial
materials.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 ABBAC
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．close
to
6，400
kilometres
in
length
B．at
least
87
species
C．around
6
million
square
kilometres
D．more
than
40，000
E．1，300
species
of
birds
1．With
an
area
of
________
，the
Amazon
rainforest
is
more
than
half
the
size
of
China.
2．The
Amazon
River，from
which
the
rainforest
gets
its
name，is
________
—roughly
100
kilometres
longer
than
the
Yangtze
River.
3．Of
the
390，000
plant
species
known
to
us,
________
can
be
found
in
the
Amazon.
4．More
than
________
and
over
400
species
of
mammals
hide
among
the
jungle's
plant
life.
5．Jaguars
feed
on
________
，including
frogs.
[答案] 1－5 CADEB
Ⅲ.表格填空
Main
ideas
Details
An
overview
of
the
Amazon
rainforest
※The
Amazon
rainforest，the
largest
rainforest
in
the
world，plays
a
significant
1.role
in
maintaining
the
fine
balance
of
the
Earth's
ecosystem.※The
Amazon
rainforest
crosses
into
2.eight
countries，including
Brazil
and
Peru，on
the
South
American
continent.※3.With
an
area
of
around
6
million
square
kilometres，the
Amazon
rainforest
is
more
than
half
the
size
of
China.※The
Amazon
River
is
close
to
6，400
kilometres
in
4.length
，which
supports
many
different
ecosystems，giving
the
area
one
in
ten
known
species
in
the
world
live
here.
Plants
in
the
Amazon
rainforest
Of
the
390，000
5.plant
species
known
to
us，more
than
40，000
can
be
found
in
the
Amazon.The
forest's
different
levels
support
6.an
unbelievable
variety
of
wildlife.Each
level
of
the
forest
forms
its
own
little
world，home
to
different
kinds
of
living
things.
7.
Animals
in
the
Amazon
rainforest
More
than
1，300
species
of
birds
and
over
400
species
of
mammals
hide
among
the
jungle's
plant
life.While
a
8.significant
number
of
jaguars
survive
here，they
are
only
one
element
of
this
forest's
food
chain.
The
importance
and
danger
of
the
Amazon
rainforest
※The
Amazon
rainforest
breathes
life
9.into
the
planet
by
fixing
carbon
and
producing
over
20
per
cent
of
all
the
Earth's
oxygen，thus
known
as
the
“lungs
of
the
planet”．※
Moreover，the
Amazon
rainforest
is
a
treasure
house
of
species
that
can
be
used
for
food
or
medicine.※
One
major
danger
to
the
Amazon
rainforest：Over
the
past
50
years，about
17
per
cent
of
the
rainforest
has
disappeared
10.due
to
human
activities
such
as
agriculture
and
cattle
farming.
细读教材P2－3课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
段落
主旨大意
1.Para.12.Para.23.Para.34.Para.45.Para.5
A.Plants
in
the
Amazon
rainforest.B.The
Amazon
rainforest's
importance
and
the
danger
to
it.C.The
Amazon
rainforest
maintains
the
fine
balance
of
the
Earth's
ecosystem.D.An
overview
of
the
Amazon
rainforest.E.Animals
in
the
Amazon
rainforest.
[答案] 1－5 CDAEB
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．What's
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
A．The
Amazon
rainforest
is
the
largest
rainforest
in
the
world.
B．The
Amazon
rainforest
gives
the
richest
biodiversity
on
the
earth.
C．The
Amazon
rainforest
is
a
natural
treasure
house
on
the
earth.
D．The
Amazon
rainforest
is
known
as
the
“lungs
of
the
planet”．
2．Which
of
the
following
statements
about
the
Amazon
rainforest
is
TRUE
according
to
the
passage?
A．The
Amazon
rainforest
plays
an
important
part
in
keeping
the
balance
of
human
and
nature.
B．The
Amazon
rainforest
crosses
into
seven
countries，including
Brazil
and
Peru.
C.The
area
of
the
Amazon
rainforest
is
around
6
million
square
metres，more
than
half
the
size
of
China.
D．The
Amazon
rainforest
is
named
after
the
Amazon
River，which
is
close
to
6，400
kilometres
in
length.
3．What
can
be
inferred
from
the
third
paragraph
in
the
passage?
A．There
are
only
390，000
species
of
plants
on
the
earth.
B．Different
species
of
plants
in
Amazon
rainforest
grow
in
different
levels.
C．At
the
bottom
of
the
Amazon
rainforest
grow
some
bushes.
D．The
ancient
brazil
nut
tree
and
the
water
lilies
are
living
in
the
same
level.
4．The
author
uses
the
example
of
“jaguars”
in
Paragraph
4
________．
A．to
prove
that
some
rare
animals
are
still
found
in
the
rainforest
B.to
show
that
they
are
only
one
element
of
this
rainforest's
food
chain
C.to
explain
how
the
food
chain
is
formed
D．to
warn
readers
to
protect
the
animals
from
being
damaged
in
the
rainforest
5．What's
the
style
of
the
passage?
A．Advertisement.
B．Travel
journal.
C．Experiment
report.
D．Documentary
script.
[答案] 1－5 CDBAD
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能——寻找信息支持句
根据课文的部分段落主旨句，找出其信息支持句。
Para.3 Of
the
390，000
plant
species
known
to
us，more
than
40，000
can
be
found
in
the
Amazon.
This
tall
and
ancient
brazil
nut
tree
produces
nuts
that
we
can
eat；these
water
lilies
are
big
enough
to
lie
down
on.
Para.4 More
than
1，300
species
of
birds
and
over
400
species
of
mammals
hide
among
the
jungle's
plant
life.
This
jaguar
is
one
example.While
a
significant
number
of
jaguars
survive
here，they
are
only
one
elements
of
this
forest's
food
chain.
Para.5 The
Amazon
rainforest's
importance
and
the
danger
to
it.
The
Amazon
rainforest
breathes
life
into
the
planet
by
fixing
carbon
and
producing
over
20
per
cent
of
all
the
Earth's
oxygen.Moreover，the
Amazon
rainforest
is
a
treasure
house
of
species
that
can
be
used
for
food
or
medicine.Over
the
past
50
years，about
17
per
cent
of
the
rainforest
has
disappeared
due
to
human
activities
such
as
agriculture
and
cattle
farming.
PAGEUnit
1
Nature
in
the
balance
省略
为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或几个成分，这种语法现象叫省略。
[观察例句]
①(You)Come
in，please!
②(Are
you)OK?
③(You
come)This
way，please.
④John
is
a
lawyer，and
his
wife
(is)a
cleaner.
⑤The
boy
wanted
to
play
football
in
the
street，but
his
mother
did
not
allow
him
to(play
football
in
the
street).
⑥His
advice
made
me
happy，but
(his
advice
made)Jim
angry.
⑦You'd
better
look
out
when
(you
are)crossing
the
street.
⑧He
is
the
man
(who/whom/that)you
can
depend
on.
⑨He
said
(that)the
text
was
very
important
and
that
we
should
learn
it
by
heart.
[归纳用法]
一、简单句中的省略
1．省略主语：主要是祈使句中的you
(如例①)。
2．省略主语和谓语的一部分(如例②)；主语和谓语都很明确时，可将二者同时省略(如例③)。
3．省略宾语：当前后两个句子的宾语一致时，后句常省略宾语。
—Do
you
know
Miss
Gao?
—I
don't
know
(Miss
Gao).
[即学即练1] 补全下列省略句
①Have
a
seat，please!
You
have
a
seat，please!
②Looks
like
rain.
It
looks
like
rain.
③Understand?
Do
you
understand?
二、并列句中的省略
在由and或but等连接的并列句中，常省略重复的部分。
1．省略重复的动词(如例④)
2．省略重复的短语(如例⑤)
3．省略重复的主语与谓语动词(如例⑥)
[即学即练2] 写出下列句中可以省略的部分
①Some
of
us
study
Japanese，and
others
study
English.others后的study
②Let's
do
the
dishes.I
wash
the
dishes
and
you
dry
the
dishes.wash和dry后的the
dishes
③He
has
a
knowledge
of
first
aid
but
his
friend
doesn't
have
a
knowledge
of
first
aid.doesn't
后的
have
a
knowledge
of
first
aid
三、复合句中的省略
1．状语从句中的省略
(1)在when，while，if，as
if，though，although，as，until，once，whether，unless，whenever等引导的状语从句中，当从句主语跟主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be时，从句中主语和be动词常被省略(如例⑦)。
(2)当状语从句的主语为it时，从句中主语和be动词常被省略。
They
don't
use
more
water
than
(it
is)necessary.
他们不会用太多水。
(3)当比较状语从句的谓语与主句中的相同时，从句中谓语常被省略。
He
runs
as
fast
as
Bob
(runs).
他跑的和Bob一样快。
[即学即练3]
(1)把下列句子改为省略句
①If
it
is
so，I
hope
you
will
have
a
wonderful
time.
→If
so，I
hope
you
will
have
a
wonderful
time.
②The
winters
in
Hangzhou
are
not
so
mild
as
they
are
in
Guangzhou.
→The
winters
in
Hangzhou
are
not
so
mild
as
in
Guangzhou．
(2)用省略形式完成句子
①When
surfing
the
Internet(在网上浏览时)，I
downloaded
the
film.
②He
shook
his
head
as
if
to
say
no/refuse(好像要拒绝)．
2．定语从句中的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词who/whom/that
可省略(如例⑧)。
(2)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词which/that
可省略。
The
exact
year
(which/that)Angela
and
her
family
spent
together
in
China
was
2018.
Angela和家人一起在中国度过的那年是2018年。
(3)在限制性定语从句中，作状语用的关系代词which/that
可省略。
The
way
(that/in
which)he
speaks
to
us
is
really
annoying.
他跟我们说话的方式真烦人。
[名师点津] 当whom，which紧跟在介词后时不能省略。
[即学即练4] 写出下列句中可以省略的部分
①Among
the
many
dangers
which
sailors
have
to
face，probably
the
greatest
of
all
is
fog.which
②Please
send
us
all
the
information
that
you
have
about
the
candidate
for
the
position.that
3．宾语从句中的省略
(1)由that
引导的宾语从句，that一般可以省略；但如果动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略(如例⑨)。
(2)由when，where，how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。
I
know
that
a
movie
star
will
come
to
our
city
but
I
don't
know
when
(he
will
come
to
our
city).
我知道一个电影明星要来我们的城市，但我不知道他什么时候来。
[即学即练5] 写出下列句中可以省略的部分
①Jerry
did
not
regret
giving
the
comment
but
felt
that
he
could
have
expressed
it
differently.that
②She
didn't
go
to
school
yesterday.I
don't
know
why
she
didn't
go
to
school
yesterday.why后面的she
didn't
go
to
school
yesterday
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．As
scheduled(schedule)，we
took
part
in
several
instructive
activities.
2．Video
games
can
be
a
poor
influence
if
left(leave)in
the
wrong
hands.
3．It
is
so
cold
that
you
can't
go
outside
unless
fully
covered
in
thick
clothes.
4．When
walking(walk)，she
found
a
nice
shining
thing
on
the
ground.
5．Children，when
accompanied(accompany)by
their
parents，are
allowed
to
enter
the
stadium.
6．If
possible，you
should
try
it
again.
7．I
will
keep
silent
even
if
asked(ask)about
this
matter.
8．When
in
America，he
made
many
friends
with
the
local
people.
9．Why
not
go(go)to
the
teacher's
office
and
ask
for
some
advice?
10．I
hear
Tom
is
ill.If
so
，let's
go
to
see
him.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Dealing
with
homeless
families
1.is(be)one
part
of
my
job.It
was
from
a
single
mother
2.that
the
very
first
call
I
had
was.She
was
weeping.Not
until
I
promised
to
help
her
3.did
she
stop
weeping.After
being
told
that
she
had
got
into
a
terrible
car
accident，I
learned
that
accident
made
her
lose
her
job.Because
of
this，she
fell
behind
with
her
rent
4.and
she
was
being
forced
to
leave
her
apartment.She
had
to
pay
for
the
rent.5.If
not，nowhere
could
she
and
her
two
children
go.
Having
explained
the
situation，she
stopped，saying，“I'm
so
sorry！Thank
you
for
letting
me
tell
my
story.I've
tried
every
shelter
and
charity
in
the
area
but
no
one
6.does
listen
or
care.”
7．What
an
unfortunate
thing！At
that
time
there
being
no
openings
for
family
housing，I
took
her
number
down
and
told
her
I'd
call
her
right
back.Later，hardly
8.had
I
found
an
opening
for
a
family
in
a
shelter
in
her
area
when
I
called
her
back.She
was
shocked
when
9.answering
(answer)my
call.She
said，“Never
10.did
I
really
expect
you
to
call
me
back.”
I
gave
her
the
good
news
and
she
started
weeping
again.But
this
time
they
were
tears
of
happiness
and
hope.
PAGEUnit
1
Nature
in
the
balance
【导读】 《一个干净明亮的地方》是海明威的早期作品，是一部典型的虚无主义小说，具有典型的海明威风格：文章以虚无思想为主题并大量使用简洁句。
A
Clean，Well?lighted
Place(excerpt)
It
was
very
late
and
everyone
had
left
the
cafe
except
an
old
man
who
sat
in
the
shadow
the
leaves
of
the
tree
made
against
the
electric
light.In
the
day
time
the
street
was
dusty，but
at
night
the
dew
settled
the
dust
and
the
old
man
liked
to
sit
late
because
he
was
deaf
and
now
at
night
it
was
quiet
and
he
felt
the
difference.The
two
waiters
inside
the
cafe
knew
that
the
old
man
was
a
little
drunk，and
while
he
was
a
good
client
they
knew
that
if
he
became
too
drunk
he
would
leave
without
paying，so
they
kept
watch
on
him.
“Last
week
he
tried
to
commit
suicide，”
one
waiter
said.
“Why？”
“He
was
in
despair.”
“What
about？”
“Nothing.”
“How
do
you
know
it
was
nothing？”
“He
has
plenty
of
money.”
They
sat
together
at
a
table
that
was
close
against
the
wall
near
the
door
of
the
cafe
and
looked
at
the
terrace
where
the
tables
were
all
empty
except
where
the
old
man
sat
in
the
shadow
of
the
leaves
of
the
tree
that
moved
slightly
in
the
wind.A
girl
and
a
soldier
went
by
in
the
street.The
street
light
shone
on
the
brass
number
on
his
collar.The
girl
wore
no
head
covering
and
hurried
beside
him.
“The
guard
will
pick
him
up，”one
waiter
said.
“What
does
it
matter
if
he
gets
what
he's
after？”
“He
had
better
get
off
the
street
now.The
guard
will
get
him.They
went
by
five
minutes
ago.”
The
old
man
sitting
in
the
shadow
rapped
on
his
saucer
with
his
glass.The
younger
waiter
went
over
to
him.
“What
do
you
want？”
The
old
man
looked
at
him.“Another
brandy，”
he
said.
“You'll
be
drunk，”
the
waiter
said.The
old
man
looked
at
him.The
waiter
went
away.
“He'll
stay
all
night，”
he
said
to
his
colleague.
“I'm
sleepy
now.I
never
get
into
bed
before
three
o'clock.He
should
have
killed
himself
last
week.”
The
waiter
took
the
brandy
bottle
and
another
saucer
from
the
counter
inside
the
cafe
and
marched
out
to
the
old
man's
table.He
put
down
the
saucer
and
poured
the
glass
full
of
brandy.
“You
should
have
killed
yourself
last
week，”he
said
to
the
deaf
man.The
old
man
motioned
with
his
finger.“A
little
more，”he
said.The
waiter
poured
on
into
the
glass
so
that
the
brandy
slopped
over
and
ran
down
the
stem
into
the
top
saucer
of
the
pile.“Thank
you，”
the
old
man
said.The
waiter
took
the
bottle
back
inside
the
cafe.He
sat
down
at
the
table
with
his
colleague
again.
“He's
drunk
now，”
he
said.
“He's
drunk
every
night.”
“What
did
he
want
to
kill
himself
for？”
“How
should
I
know.”
“How
did
he
do
it？”
“He
hung
himself
with
a
rope.”
“Who
cut
him
down？”
“His
niece.”
“Why
did
they
do
it？”
“Fear
for
his
soul.”
“How
much
money
has
he
got？”
“He's
got
plenty.”
“He
must
be
eighty
years
old.”
“Anyway
I
should
say
he
was
eighty.”
“I
wish
he
would
go
home.I
never
get
to
bed
before
three
o'clock.What
kind
of
hour
is
that
to
go
to
bed？”
“He
stays
up
because
he
likes
it.”
“He's
lonely.I'm
not
lonely.I
have
a
wife
waiting
in
bed
for
me.”
“He
had
a
wife
once
too.”
“A
wife
would
be
no
good
to
him
now.”
“You
can't
tell.He
might
be
better
with
a
wife.”
“His
niece
looks
after
him.You
said
she
cut
him
down.”
“I
know.”
“I
wouldn't
want
to
be
that
old.An
old
man
is
a
nasty
thing.”
“Not
always.This
old
man
is
clean.He
drinks
without
spilling.Even
now，drunk.Look
at
him.”
“I
don't
want
to
look
at
him.I
wish
he
would
go
home.He
has
no
regard
for
those
who
must
work.”
The
old
man
looked
from
his
glass
across
the
square，then
over
at
the
waiters.
“Another
brandy，”
he
said，pointing
to
his
glass.The
waiter
who
was
in
a
hurry
came
over.
“Finished，”he
said，speaking
with
that
omission
of
syntax
stupid
people
employ
when
talking
to
drunken
people
or
foreigners.“No
more
tonight.Close
now.”
“Another，”said
the
old
man.
“No.Finished.”The
waiter
wiped
the
edge
of
the
table
with
a
towel
and
shook
his
head.
The
old
man
stood
up，slowly
counted
the
saucers，took
a
leather
coin
purse
from
his
pocket
and
paid
for
the
drinks，leaving
half
a
peseta
tip.
The
waiter
watched
him
go
down
the
street，a
very
old
man
walking
unsteadily
but
with
dignity.
一个干净明亮的地方(节选)
时间很晚了，大家都离开餐馆，只有一个老人还坐在树叶挡住灯光的阴影里。白天，街上尽是尘埃，到了晚上，露水压住了尘埃。这个老人喜欢坐得很晚，因为他是个聋人，现在是夜里，十分寂静，他感觉得到跟白天的不同。待在餐馆里的两个侍者知道这老人有点儿醉了，他虽然是个好主顾，可是，他们知道，如果他喝得太醉了，他会不付账就走，所以他们一直在留神他。
“上个星期他想自杀，”一个侍者说。
“为什么？”
“他绝望啦。”
“干吗绝望？”
“没事儿。”
“你怎么知道是没事儿？”
“他有很多钱。”
他们一起坐在紧靠着餐馆大门墙边的桌旁，眼睛望着平台，那儿的桌子全都空无一人，只有那个老人坐在随风轻轻飘拂的树叶的阴影里。有个少女和一个大兵走过大街。街灯照在他那领章的铜号码上。那个少女没戴帽子，在他身旁匆匆走着。
“警卫队会把他逮走，”一个侍者说。
“如果他到手了他要找的东西，那又有什么关系呢？”
“他这会儿还是从街上溜走为好。警卫队会找他麻烦，他们五分钟前才经过这里。”
那老人坐在阴影里，用杯子敲敲茶托。那个年纪比较小的侍者走到他那儿。
“你要什么？”
老人朝他看了看。
“再来杯白兰地，”他说。
“你会喝醉的，”侍者说。老人朝他看了一看。侍者走开了。
“他会通宵待在这里，”他对他的同事说。
“我困了。我从来没有在三点钟以前睡觉过。他应该在上星期就自杀了。”
侍者从餐馆里的柜台上拿了一瓶白兰地和另一个茶托，大步走了出来，送到老人桌上。他放下茶托，把杯子倒满了白兰地。
“你应该在上星期就自杀了，”他对那个聋人说。老人把手指一晃。
“再加一点，”他说。侍者又往杯子里倒酒，酒溢了出来，顺着高脚杯的脚流进了一叠茶托的第一只茶托。“谢谢你，”老人说。侍者把酒瓶拿回到餐馆去。他又同他的同事坐在桌旁。
“他这会儿喝醉了，”他说。
“他每天晚上都喝醉。”
“他干吗要自杀呀？”
“我怎么知道。”
“他上次是怎样自杀的？”
“他用绳子上吊。”
“谁把他放下来的？”
“他侄女。”
“干吗要把他放下来？”
“为他的灵魂担忧。”
“他有多少钱？”
“他有很多钱。”
“他准有八十岁喽。”
“不管怎样，我算准他有八十岁。”
“我真希望他回家去。我从来没有在三点钟以前睡觉过。那是个什么样的睡觉时间呀？”
“他因为不喜欢睡觉所以才不睡觉。”
“他孤孤单单。我可不孤单。我有个老婆在床上等着我呢。”
“他从前也有过老婆。”
“这会儿有老婆对他可没好处。”
“话可不能这么说。他有老婆也许会好些。”
“他侄女会照料他。你刚才说是她把他放下来的。”
“我知道。”
“我才不要活得那么老。老人邋里邋遢。”
“不一定都是这样。这个老人干干净净。他喝啤酒并不滴滴答答往外漏。哪怕这会儿喝醉了。你瞧他。”
“我才不想瞧他。我希望他回家去。他并不关心那些非干活不可的人。”
那老人从酒杯上抬起头来望望广场，又望望那两个侍者。
“再来杯白兰地，”他指着杯子说。那个着急的侍者跑了过去。
“没啦，”他不顾什么句法地说，蠢汉在对醉汉或外国人说话时就这么说法。“今晚上没啦。打烊啦。”
“再来一杯。”那老人说。
“不，没啦。”侍者一边拿块毛巾揩揩桌沿，一边摇摇头。
老人站了起来，慢慢地数着茶托，从口袋里摸出一只装硬币的皮夹子来，付了酒账，又放下半个比塞塔作小费。
那个侍者瞅着他顺着大街走去，这个年纪很大的人走起路来，虽然脚步不挺稳，却很有神气。
[知识积累]
1．keep
watch
on
注意
2．in
despair
绝望地
3．march
out
to
出发去……
4．have
no
regard
for
不尊重；不重视
[文化链接]
《一个干净明亮的地方》内容概要
这篇小说所描述的是一位老人和两位侍者的故事，其中老人这一人物形象看似微不足道，但从他自杀和饮酒的两个选择行为来分析，他是个展现了重压之下的优雅风度和精神不败的尊严感的海明威式主人公。两位侍者之间的对话引出了“虚无”这一主题，表明“虚无是对存在的体验，人类只有在内心保持一片干净明亮的地方才能抵御虚无”。
PAGEUnit
1
Nature
in
the
balance
Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.soil
A．n.昆虫
( )2.continent
B．n.地区，区域；行政区
( )3.million
C．prep.在……下面，
在……下方；配不上
( )4.species
D．n.营养素，营养物
( )5.nutrient
E．n.土壤；国土，领土，土地
( )6.wildlife
F．n.种，物种
( )7.beneath
G．n.野生动植物，野生生物
( )8.extinction
H．n.大陆，陆地，洲
( )9.insect
I．num.一百万；许多，大量
( )10.region
J．n.灭绝，绝种
[答案] 1－5 EHIFD 6－10 GCJAB
B.短语匹配
( )1.in
turn
A．逐渐增加，扩大
( )2.break
down
B．相应地，转而
( )3.breathe
life
into
C．由于，因为
( )4.due
to
D．使分解(为)，使变化(成)
( )5.build
up
E．给……带来起色，注入活力
( )6.come
up
with
F．摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
( )7.call
for
G．使发生(或存在)
( )8.spring
to
mind
H．(公开)要求；需要
( )9.get
rid
of
I．想出，想到
( )10.give
rise
to
J．突然记起(或想到)
[答案] 1－5 BDECA 6－10 IHJFG
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．harm
n．&
vt.
伤害，损害
2．length
n.
长，长度；时间的长短；
篇幅，(电影)片长
3．variety
n.
不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体
4．survive
vi.
生存，存活
vt.
幸存，幸免于难
5．thus
adv.
因此，从而；这样
6．disappear
vi.
不复存在，灭绝，消亡；
消失；失踪
7．agriculture
n.
农业，农学
8．impact
n.
影响，作用；撞击；冲撞
vi.&
vt.
有影响；冲击
9．damage
vt.&
n.
损害，伤害，损坏，破坏
10．climate
n.
气候；倾向，风气
Ⅰ.语境填空
absolutely；defence；nowhere；protest；profit；
various；recycle；belt；former；further
1．We
have
decided
to
take
no
further
action.
2．Students
took
to
the
streets
to
protest
against
the
decision.
3．The
carpark
was
absolutely
packed
solid
with
people.
4．There
was
nowhere
for
me
to
sit.
5．Her
father
was
the
former
editor
of
the
Saturday
Review.
6．The
company
made
a
healthy
profit
on
the
deal.
7．Tents
come
in
various
shapes
and
sizes.
8．She
is
going
to
recycle
useful
rubbish.
9．We
live
in
the
commuter
belt．
10．What
points
can
be
raised
in
defence
of
this
argument.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．He
has
made
it
absolutely(absolute)clear
so
you
must
have
understood.
2．A
tracker(track)is
a
person
who
can
find
people
or
wild
animals
by
following
their
prints.
3．They
have
driven
the
rhino
to
the
edge
of
extinction(extinct).
4．His
application(apply)for
membership
of
the
organization
was
rejected.
5．As
babies，we
rely
entirely(entire)on
others
for
food.
6．He's
the
president
of
a
large
international
organization(organize).
7．There
are
conflicts
between
regional(region)and
national
interests.
8．Some
economic(economy)issues
were
discussed
in
the
conference.
9．The
leaves
of
certain
trees
are
poisonous(poison)to
cattle.
10．She
earns
her
living
(live)as
a
freelance
journalist.
1．With
an
area
of
around
6
million
square
kilometres，the
Amazon
rainforest
is
more
than
half
the
size
of
China.
亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方公里，相当于中国面积的一半以上。
2．On
its
journey
from
the
mountains
to
the
ocean，the
river
supports
many
different
ecosystems.
从山区流到海洋，这条河支撑着许多不同的生态系统。
3．Above
that
is
the
mass
of
leaf
litter
on
the
dark
forest
floor.
在那之上是在黑暗的雨林地面上的大量落叶。
4．When
a
jaguar
dies，a
tiny
army
of
microorganisms
helps
break
down
its
body
and
return
the
nutrients
to
the
earth.
当美洲豹死亡时，一小群微生物帮助分解它的尸体，并将营养物质还给大地。
5．Moreover，the
Amazon
rainforest
is
a
treasure
house
of
species
that
can
be
used
for
food
or
medicine.
此外，亚马孙雨林还是一个有食用或药用价值的物种宝库。
词语助读
①play
a
significant
role
in
起重要作用
②ecosystem
n.生态系统
③continent
n．大陆，陆地；洲
④with
an
area
of
面积是……
⑤length
n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长
⑥one
in
ten
十个中有一个，十分之一
⑦species
n．种，物种
⑧water
lily
睡莲
⑨variety
n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，体
⑩wildlife
n．野生动植物，野生生物
?beneath
prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上
?survive
vi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于难
?feed
on
以……为食
?in
turn
相应地，转而
?insect
n．昆虫
?break
down
使分解(为)，使变化(成)
?nutrient
n．营养素，营养物
?breathe
life
into
给……带来起色，注入活力
?carbon
n．碳
?oxygen
n．氧，氧气
thus
adv.因此，从而；这样
agriculture
n．农业，农学
cattle
n．牛
impact
n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞
vi
&
vt.有影响；冲击
in
danger
of
处于……危险中
extinction
n．灭绝，绝种
原文呈现
The
Amazon
rainforest：a
natural
treasure
Welcome
to
the
jungle，a
huge
sea
of
green
alive
with
the
sounds
of
animals.[1]
This
is
the
Amazon
rainforest.As
the
largest
rainforest
in
the
world，it
plays
a
significant
role
in①maintaining
the
fine
balance
of
the
Earth's
ecosystem②.
[1]a
huge
sea
of
green
alive
with
the
sounds
of
animals是名词the
jungle的同位语。
The
Amazon
rainforest
crosses
into
eight
countries，including
Brazil
and
Peru，and
one
overseas
region
of
France，all
on
the
South
American
continent③.With
an
area
of④around
6
million
square
kilometres，the
Amazon
rainforest
is
more
than
half
the
size
of
China.[2]
The
Amazon
River，from
which
the
rainforest
gets
its
name，is
close
to
6，400
kilometres
in
length⑤—roughly
100
kilometres
longer
than
the
Yangtze
River.On
its
journey
from
the
mountains
to
the
ocean，the
river
supports
many
different
ecosystems.They
give
this
area
the
richest
biodiversity
on
the
Earth：one
in
ten⑥known
species⑦in
the
world
can
be
found
here.
[2]more
than
half
the
size
of
China
是倍数表达法之一：“倍数＋the
size
of＋被比较的对象”。
Of
the
390，000
plant
species
known
to
us，more
than
40，000
can
be
found
in
the
Amazon.This
tall
and
ancient
brazil
nut
tree
produces
nuts
that
we
can
eat；these
water
lilies⑧are
big
enough
to
lie
down
on.The
forest's
different
levels
support
an
unbelievable
variety⑨of
wildlife⑩.At
the
bottom，there
is
a
system
of
roots
beneath?
the
ground.Above
that
is
the
mass
of
leaf
litter
on
the
dark
forest
floor.
[3]The
next
level
is
made
up
of
shorter
plants
with
large
leaves.Then
there
are
the
towering
ancient
hardwoods，and
finally
the
tops
of
the
tallest
trees
many
metres
above
the
ground.Each
level
of
the
forest
forms
its
own
little
world，home
to
different
kinds
of
living
things.
[3]
本句是完全倒装句，由“介词短语＋系动词＋主语”构成。
More
than
1，300
species
of
birds
and
over
400
species
of
mammals
hide
among
the
jungle's
plant
life.This
jaguar
is
one
example.It
has
a
yellowish?brown
coat
with
black
spots.While
a
significant
number
of
jaguars
survive?
here，they
are
only
one
element
of
this
forest's
food
chain.They
feed
on?
at
least
87
species，including
frogs.These
frogs，in
turn?，feed
on
insects?
which
eat
leaves
and
fruit.When
a
jaguar
dies，a
tiny
army
of
microorganisms
helps
break
down?
its
body
and
return
the
nutrients?
to
the
earth.
The
Amazon
rainforest
breathes
life
into?
the
planet
by
fixing
carbon?
and
producing
over
20
per
cent
of
all
the
Earth's
oxygen?.Thus，it
is
often
known
as
the
“lungs
of
the
planet”．Moreover，the
Amazon
rainforest
is
a
treasure
house
of
species
that
can
be
used
for
food
or
medicine.Yet
there
is
one
major
danger
to
these
irreplaceable
plants
and
animals：us.Over
the
past
50
years，about
17
per
cent
of
the
rainforest
has
disappeared
due
to
human
activities
such
as
agricultureand
cattlefarming.
[4]
As
the
impact
of
human
activities
continues
to
grow
and
the
list
of
species
in
danger
of
extinction
becomes
longer，we
are
left
with
a
question：can
we
afford
to
damage
the
“lungs
of
the
planet”？
[4]
时间状语为“Over
the
past
50
years”，主句用现在完成时态。
译文参考
亚马孙雨林：自然宝库
欢迎来到丛林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都是动物的声音。这是亚马孙雨林。作为世界上最大的热带雨林，它在维持地球生态系统的良好平衡方面发挥着重要作用。
亚马孙雨林横跨南美大陆的八个国家，包括巴西、秘鲁以及法属圭亚那。亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方公里，相当于中国面积的一半以上。亚马孙河接近6
400公里长，比长江大约还长100公里，亚马孙雨林便是由其得名。从山区流到海洋，这条河支撑着许多不同的生态系统。它们使这个地区拥有地球上最丰富的生物多样性：世界上已知的物种有十分之一在这里能够被发现。
在我们已知的39万种植物中，有4万多种能在亚马孙雨林中找到。高大而古老的巴西坚果树出产我们可以吃的坚果；这些睡莲大得可以让人躺在上面。雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。在底部，有一个地表下的根系。在那之上是在黑暗的雨林地面上的大量落叶。再往上的一层是长着大叶的较矮的植物。然后是高耸而古老的阔叶树，最后是离地面好几米高的阳光照射的树梢。雨林的每一层都形成了自己的小世界，是各种生物的家园。
1
300多种鸟类和400多种哺乳动物藏身于亚马孙雨林的植物中。这只美洲豹就是一个例子。它长着一身带黑色斑点的黄褐色的皮毛。尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。它们以包括青蛙在内的至少87种动物为食。这些青蛙转而以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。当美洲豹死亡时，一小群微生物帮助分解它的尸体，并将营养物质还给大地。
亚马孙雨林能固定碳，而且产生的氧气超过全球总量的20%，从而使得地球生生不息。因此，它经常被称为“地球之肺”。此外，亚马孙雨林还是一个有食用或药用价值的物种宝库。然而，这些不能替代的动植物面临着一个主要的危险：我们人类。在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，大约17%的雨林消失了。人类活动的影响不断增大，濒危物种名单越来越长，这留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损伤“地球之肺”的后果吗？
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