(共9张PPT)
单元重点小结
主题语境社会服务
语音知识升调:You
volunteer
at
the
local
shelter,↑don’t
you?
重点词汇
1.get
in
trouble惹上麻烦 ask
for
trouble自寻烦恼
have
trouble
in
doing
sth做某事有困难
have
trouble
with有麻烦;有……疾病
get
sb
into
trouble使某人陷入困境
out
of
trouble摆脱麻烦;脱离困境
in
trouble处于不幸中,处于困难中
2.carry
sb
through
sth帮助某人渡过难关
3.majority
n.大部分;大多数 in
the/a
majority占大多数
a/the
majority
of大多数……
minority
n.少数 major
adj.
主要的;重要的 vi.专修;主攻 n.主修学科
major
in
sth主修
4.respond
vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应
respond
to对……做出反应;回复
respond
with用……回答 respond
by
doing通过做……来回应 response
n.
反应;回答;回复
5.appoint
vt.任命;委派 appoint
sb(as/to
be)...任命某人为…… appoint
sb
to
do
sth委派某人做某事
appointment
n.约会;预约;任命,委任 by
appointment
按照约定 make
an
appointment
with
sb与某人预约/约会
6.elect
vt.选举;推选
7.tend
vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于 tend
to
do
sth倾向做某事
tend
to
sth注意;易于 tend
towards
趋向;有助于
8.scared
adj.
害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
(be)
scared
to
death吓死了
scare
vt.惊吓:使害怕 vi.受惊吓 scare
sb
away把某人吓跑
9.replace
vt.接替;取代;更换 replace
...with/by
...用……替换…… replace
...as
...取代……而成为……
take
the
place
of=take
one’s
place代替;替代 in
place
of代替
10.whisper
vi.&
vt.悄声说;耳语;低语 n.耳语(声);低语(声);传言;谣传 whisper
to
sb与某人耳语;小声说
It
is
whispered
that...据私下/秘密传闻……
in
a
whisper=in
whispers
低声地
11.assist
vt.帮助;援助 assist
(sb)
in
doing
sth帮助某人做某事 assist
(sb)
with/in
sth帮助(某人)某事
assistance
n.帮助;援助 with
the
assistance
of
...在……的帮助下 be
of
assistance
to
sb有助于某人
12.memory
n.记忆力;回忆 within/in
memory在记忆中
in
memory
of纪念
lose
one’s
memory失去记忆
have
a
good/bad
memory记忆力好/不好
remain
in
one’s
memory留在记忆中
13.despair
n.绝望 vi.绝望;感到无望 in
despair绝望的
to
one’s
despair/to
the
despair
of使某人绝望的是
drive
sb
to
despair使某人绝望
despair
of
doing
sth对做……不抱希望
14.harm
n.&
vt.伤害;损害 do
harm
to
sb=do
sb
harm伤害某人 cause
harm
to
sb伤害某人
mean
no
harm
to...对……没有恶意
There
is
no
harm
in
doing...做……无害处
harmful
adj.有害的 be
harmful
to对……有害
15.a
great
deal
(of)大量
16.therefore
adv.因此;所以
重点句型
1.If
you
hear
people
speaking
very
quickly,or
loudly,they
may
be
excited
or
angry.
2.If
I
were
ever
in
a
situation
like
the
girl
faced,I
think
I
would
choose
to...
3.To
a
person,nothing
is
more
precious
than
their
life...
4.I’d
rather
stay
single
to
study
all
my
life!
5.Despite
the
difficult
situation,Dr
Bethune
did
whatever
he
could
to
assist
the
Chinese
people.
6.After
Dr
Bethune’s
death,Chairman
Mao
Zedong
wrote
an
article
in
memory
of
him,in
which
he
praised
Dr
Bethune
as
a
hero
to
be
remembered
in
China.
7.Neither
she
nor
her
friends
thought
about
moving
the
stone
out
of
the
road.
重点语法
1.动词-ing形式作状语
Having
lived
in
Jinan
for
years,I
almost
know
every
place
quite
well.
The
fire
lasted
nearly
a
month,leaving
nothing
valuable.
2.动词-ing形式作补语
The
next
thing
he
saw
was
smoke
rising
from
behind
the
house.
The
man
was
fired
because
he
had
been
found
smoking
in
the
kitchen.(共58张PPT)
Section
B Reading
and
Thinking
Ⅰ.知识体系图解
重点词汇
1.
adj.珍稀的;宝贵的?
2.
n.结婚;婚姻?
3.
n.大部分;大多数?
4.
vi.
&
vt.抱怨;发牢骚?
5.
vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应?
6.
n.反应;回答;回复?
7.
vt.聘任;雇用;租用 n.租借;租用?
8.
vt.
拒绝接受;不录用?
precious
marriage
majority
complain
respond
response
hire
reject
9.
n.拒绝接受;否决?
10.
vt.任命;委派?
11.
vt.选举;推选?
12.
n.选举;推选;当选?
13.
n.十年;十年期?
14.
adv.在别处;去别处?
15.
vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于?
16.
vt.发表(作品);出版?
rejection
appoint
elect
election
decade
elsewhere
tend
publish
17.
n.节省物;节省;节约;[pl.]储蓄金;存款?
18.
n.道德原则;法则;原则?
19.
adj.被动的;顺从的?
20.
adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的?
21.
vt.惊吓;使害怕 vi.受惊吓?
22.
adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的?
23.
adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的?
24.
vt.接替;取代;更换?
saving
principle
passive
scared
scare
sharp
energetic
replace
25.illustrate
vt.
?
26.entrust
vt.
?
27.tuition
n.
?
28.fee
n.
?
29.union
n.
?
30.scholarship
n. ?
31.physician
n.
?
32.colleague
n.
?
33.clinic
n.
?
34.faraway
adj. ?
35.staff
n.
?
36.retire
vi.&
vt.
?
37.kindergarten
n.
?
38.insurance
n.
?
(举例)说明;阐明;给(书或文章)加插图
委托;交付
(小组)教学;讲课
专业服务费;报酬
协会;联合会;工会
奖学金
医师;(尤指)内科医生
同事;同僚
诊所;门诊部
遥远的
员工;全体职员
退休;退职;退出
学前班;幼儿园
保险;保险业
重点短语
1.carry
sb
through
sth
?
2.the
majority
of ?
3.complain
about
?
4.tend
to
do
sth
?
5.would
rather
do ?
6.graduate
from
?
7.in
need
of ?
8.play
a
key
role
in
?
9.hold
an
important
position
?
10.be
responsible
for
?
11.treat...as...
?
12.show
interest
in
?
帮助某人渡过难关
大部分
抱怨……
易于做某事;往往会发生某事
宁愿做
从……毕业
需要
在……起关键作用
担任重要的职位
对……负责
把……看作是……
对……表现出兴趣
重点句式
1.To
a
person,nothing
is
more
precious
than
their
life...
2.I’d
rather
stay
single
to
study
all
my
life!
Ⅱ.释义匹配
1.illustrate
A.rare
and
worth
a
lot
of
money
2.complain
B.to
do
something
as
a
reaction
to
something
that
has
been
said
or
done
3.precious
C.having
a
very
thin
edge
or
point
that
can
cut
things
easily
4.respond
D.to
make
the
meaning
of
something
clearer
by
giving
examples
5.sharp
E.to
say
that
you
are
annoyed,not
satisfied,or
unhappy
about
something
or
someone
答案:1.D 2.E 3.A 4.B 5.C
Ⅲ.阅读导学
根据pp.16-17课文内容,选择正确答案。
1.What
did
Lin
Qiaozhi’s
brother
want
her
to
do?
A.To
study
medicine.
B.To
get
married.
C.To
find
a
job.
D.To
support
the
family.
答案:B
2.Why
did
Lin
reject
her
American
colleagues’
offer?
A.She
wanted
to
further
her
study
in
Europe.
B.She
wanted
to
be
a
chief
resident
physician.
C.She
wanted
to
work
for
her
motherland.
D.She
wanted
to
be
paid
more
at
home.
3.What
did
Lin
Qiaozhi
do
after
her
department
was
closed?
A.She
went
to
work
in
another
hospital.
B.She
began
to
work
for
the
government.
C.She
requested
to
hold
an
important
position.
D.She
started
her
own
clinic.
答案:C
答案:D
重点词汇
1.These
words
of
Dr
Lin
Qiaozhi
give
us
a
look
into
the
heart
of
this
amazing
woman,and
what
carried
her
through
a
life
of
hard
choices.
林巧稚这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界,并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。
【词汇精讲】carry
sb
through
sth是固定搭配,意为“帮助某人渡过难关”。
It
was
your
help
that
carried
me
through
the
hard
times.
正是你的帮助使我度过了艰难时刻。
【词汇拓展】
He
had
learned
enough
German
to
carry
on
a
conversation.
他已学了足够的德语来进行会话。
No
matter
what
we
do,we
must
carry
out
our
duties.
无论干什么工作,我们都应履行自己的职责。
2.At
age
18,instead
of
following
the
traditional
path
of
marriage
like
the
majority
of
girls,she
chose
to
study
medicine.
18岁时,她没有像大多数女孩那样走传统的婚姻道路,而是选择了学医。
【词汇精讲】majority是名词,意为“大部分;大多数”。
The
majority
of
them
take
an
online
language
test
before
starting
their
programme.
他们中的大多数在开始他们的课程前参加在线语言测试。
The
majority
of
people
interviewed
prefer
juice
to
water.
大多数接受采访的人都喜欢喝果汁而不喜欢喝白开水。
【词汇拓展】
The
doctors
in
the
hospital
are
performing
a
major
operation.
这家医院的医生们在做一个重要的手术。
My
brother
majored
in
two
subjects
in
the
university.
我哥哥在大学主修两门课程。
【温馨提示】(1)the
majority单独作主语时,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。
(2)“the/a
majority
of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数与of后面的名词保持一致。
【语境助记】
Only
a
minority
of
people
in
that
city
do
not
have
a
car
while
the
people
taking
subway
to
work
are
in
the/a
majority.
在那个城市只有少数人没有汽车,但是乘坐地铁上班的人占了大多数。
【微写作】
The
majority
of
people
interviewed
prefer
TV
to
radio.The
major
reason
is
that
TV
can
give
them
more
amusement.大多数被采访的人更喜欢看电视而不是听广播。主要原因是电视可以给他们更多的娱乐。
3.“Why
should
girls
learn
so
much?Finding
a
good
husband
should
be
their
final
goal!”her
brother
complained,thinking
of
the
high
tuition
fees.
“为什么女孩子要学这么多?找一个好丈夫应该是她们的最终目标!”想到高额的学费,她的哥哥抱怨道。
【词汇精讲】句中的complain是不及物动词,意为“抱怨;发牢骚”,complain也可以作及物动词用,意义相同。
The
tourist
complained
that
the
room
was
too
dirty.
游客抱怨说房间太脏了。
She
complained
to
me
about
his
rudeness.
她向我抱怨他的粗鲁。
【词汇拓展】
4.She
responded,“I’d
rather
stay
single
to
study
all
my
life!”她回答道,“我宁愿单身一辈子学习!”
【词汇精讲】句中的respond是及物动词,意为“回答;回复”,respond也可作不及物动词,意为“做出反应;回应”。
He
responded
that
he
didn’t
want
to
see
anyone.
他回答说他不想见任何人。
The
teacher
asked
Tom
a
question,but
he
didn’t
respond.
老师问了汤姆一个问题,可他没回答。
【词汇拓展】
They
are
likely
to
respond
positively
to
the
farmers’
request
for
aid.
他们可能会对农民的援助要求做出积极回应。
I
sent
her
several
emails,but
she
didn’t
respond
to
any
of
them.
我给她发了几封邮件,但她一封也没有回复。
【微写作】
None
of
the
students
responded
to
her
questions,that
is
to
say,her
question
failed
to
get
a
response
from
any
of
the
students.
没有一个学生回答她的问题,也就是说,她的问题没有得到任何学生的回答。
5.In
1941,Dr
Lin
became
the
first
Chinese
woman
ever
to
be
appointed
director
of
the
OB-GYN
department
of
the
PUMC
Hospital...
1941年,林博士成为第一个被任命为北京协和医院妇产科主任的中国女性……
【词汇精讲】句中的appoint是及物动词,意为“任命;委派”。
We
must
appoint
a
person
to
act
as
secretary.
我们得指定一个人当秘书。
The
manager
appointed
him
to
receive
the
businessman.
经理指定他去接待那个商人。
【词汇拓展】
He’s
just
been
appointed
as
director
of
the
publishing
division.
他刚被任命为出版事业部的主管。
May
I
make
an
appointment
for
sometime
early
this
afternoon?
我能预约今天下午早些时候吗?
【语境助记】
Mr
Brown
and
Professor
Smith
made
an
appointment
to
meet
at
2
in
the
afternoon,but
Professor
Smith
broke
the
appointment
and
didn’t
turn
up
at
the
appointed
time.
布朗先生和史密斯教授约定下午两点见面,但史密斯教授违约,没有在约定的时间出现。
【微写作】
He
has
just
been
appointed
to
the
position
of
Export
Manager
for
the
company.He
will
have
an
appointment
with
his
first
foreign
customers
tonight.
他刚刚被任命为公司的出口经理。今晚他将和他的第一批外国顾客有个约会。
6.In
1954,she
was
elected
to
the
first
National
People’s
Congress
and,over
the
next
several
decades,she
held
many
important
positions.
1954年,她当选为第一届全国人民代表大会代表,在随后的几十年里,她担任了许多重要职务。
【词汇精讲】elect是及物动词,意为“选举;推选”,其名词形式是election。
She
was
elected
to
parliament
last
year.
她去年被选进议会。
We
don’t
know
which
of
them
is
going
to
be
elected
chairman.
我们不知道他们中谁会当选为主席。
【易混辨析】
elect
指按照一定的规章或法律,用投票等方式进行的认真慎重的选择。
choose
含有运用判断力在一些人、物或行为方式中选出一个的意思。
select
侧重于从许多不同种类中进行选择时的挑剔态度。
There’s
not
much
to
choose
between
them
because
they
are
almost
the
same.
两者之间没有多大差别,没有什么可挑选的。
He
selected
a
diamond
ring
as
a
birthday
present
for
his
wife.
他挑选了一枚钻石戒指作为妻子的生日礼物。
7.She
was
more
interested
in
tending
patients,publishing
medical
research
on
care
for
women
and
children,and
training
the
next
generation
of
doctors.
她对照顾病人、出版关于妇女和儿童的医学研究以及培训下一代医生更感兴趣。
【词汇精讲】tend在句中是及物动词,意为“照顾;照料”,tend还可作不及物动词,意为“倾向;趋于”。
Golf
course
must
be
carefully
tended
by
a
special
staff
of
groundskeepers.
高尔夫球场必须由专门的场地管理员精心养护。
People
tend
to
think
that
the
problem
will
never
affect
them.
人们倾向于认为这个问题绝不会影响到他们。
【词汇拓展】
Many
people
tend
to
be
blind
to
the
beauty
around
them.
许多人易于对周围的美视而不见。
The
English
seasons
and
climate
tend
towards
extremes.
英国的季节与气候是趋于极端的。
【微写作】
The
storm
tends
to
hit
our
city,so
we
will
observe
its
tendency
closely.
暴风雨要袭击我们的城市,所以我们将密切观察它的动向。
8.She
was
so
scared
during
the
interview
that
she
completely
forgot
how
she
should
respond
to
the
questions.
她在面试中非常害怕,以至于她完全忘记了她要如何回答这些问题。
【词汇精讲】
句中的scared是形容词,意为“害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的”。
The
boy
was
very
scared
when
he
heard
the
noise.
那孩子听到声音非常惊恐。
She
began
to
feel
angry
as
well
as
scared.
她开始感到既生气又害怕。
【词汇拓展】
My
brother
always
keeps
calm
and
never
scares
when
he
meets
whatever
urgency.
我哥哥在任何紧急情况下都能保持镇静,从不会惊慌。
【微写作】
While
I
was
walking
along
the
street
last
night,I
heard
a
scaring
voice
and
felt
very
scared.
昨晚我在街上走的时候,听到一个可怕的声音,我感到非常害怕。
9.The
student
union
will
hold
a
special
meeting
in
January
to
elect
someone
to
replace
the
secretary.
学生会将在一月举行一次特殊会议,选举一个人接替秘书。
【词汇精讲】句中的replace是及物动词,意为“接替;取代;更换”。
The
manager
is
ill
and
I
want
to
know
who
is
going
to
replace
him.
经理病了,我想知道谁将替他。
Don’t
miss
meals
and
replace
them
with
snacks.
不要不吃正餐,改吃点心。
【词汇拓展】
It
would
be
difficult
to
find
a
man
to
take
the
place
of
the
present
manager.
找一个人来代替现在的经理是不容易的。
They
have
replaced
all
the
old
computers
with/by
new
ones.
他们已经把所有的旧电脑都换成新的了。
重点句式
1.To
a
person,nothing
is
more
precious
than
their
life...
对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……
【句式剖析】此处“nothing
is
more
+
(形容词)比较级
+
than...”是一个常用句型,表示“没有什么比……更加……”。
To
the
old
man,nothing
is
more
important
than
money.
对那个老人来说,没有什么比钱更重要。
To
me,nothing
is
better
than
having
you
with
me.
对我来说,没有什么比和你在一起更好的了。
【句式拓展】
The
English
at
that
time
was
based
more
on
German
than
the
English
we
speak
at
present.
当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础,而我们今天所说的英语不是。
Li
Ming
is
no
taller
than
his
brother.
李明和他弟弟一样都不高。
2.I’d
rather
stay
single
to
study
all
my
life!我宁愿单身一辈子来学习!
【句式剖析】would
rather意为“宁愿;宁可”,后接动词原形。
I
would
rather
hoe
in
the
garden
than
run
about
on
the
playground.
我宁愿在花园锄草,也不愿在运动场上跑来跑去。
I
would
rather
remain
poor
than
get
money
by
dishonest
means.
我宁可安于贫穷,也不愿用不当手段赚钱。
【句式拓展】
I
think
I
would
rather
not
commit
myself
to
going
with
you.
我想我不愿答应跟你一起去。
I
would
rather
have
my
beloved
mother
than
all
the
precious
stones
under
the
sun.
我宁可只要我挚爱的母亲,而不要天下所有的宝石。
【温馨提示】(1)使用would
rather
...than
...句型时要注意平行结构,即than的前后要用两个同类的词或词组,如两个名词、两个介词短语等。
(2)would
rather+从句,意为“宁愿……”,此时从句中要用虚拟语气。表示与现在或将来事实相反,谓语动词用过去式;表示与过去事实相反用过去完成式。
I
would
rather
I
hadn’t
met
him
yesterday.
要是我昨天没见着他就好了。
Ⅰ.课文语篇填空
When
Lin
Qiaozhi
was
18
years
old,she
didn’t
follow
the
traditional
path
of
marriage
like
the 1 (major)
of
girls;she
chose
to
study
medicine
in
Peking
Union
Medical
College.She
graduated
with
the
Wenhai
Scholarship
and
became
the
first
woman
ever
to
2 (hire)
as
a
resident
physician
in
the
OB-GYN
department
of
the
PUMC
Hospital.A
few
years
3 (late),she
was
sent
to
study
in
Europe
and
then
in
the
US.Her
American
colleagues
wanted
her
to
stay
in
the
US, 4
she
refused
because
she
wanted
to
work
for
her
motherland.?
In
1941,Dr
Lin
became 5
first
Chinese
woman
ever
to
be
appointed
director
of
the
OB-GYN
department
of
the
PUMC
Hospital.After
her
department
6 (close)
because
of
the
war,she
opened
her
own
clinic.?
After
the
new
People’s
Republic
of
China
was
founded,though
she 7 (hold)
many
important
positions,she
still
tended
8 (patient),published
medical
research
on
care
for
women
and
children,and
trained
the
next
generation
of
doctors.?
9 (know)
as
the
“mother
of
ten
thousand
babies”,Lin
Qiaozhi
died
on
22
April
1983, 10 (leave)
all
her
savings
to
a
kindergarten
and
a
fund
for
new
doctors.?
答案:1.majority 2.be
hired 3.later 4.but 5.the
6.was
closed 7.held 8.patients 9.Known
10.leaving
Ⅱ.概要写作
(根据教材语篇内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要)
参考范文
Li
Qiaozhi
determined
to
study
medicine
at
18.(要点1)
After
graduation,she
worked
as
a
resident
physician
in
the
PUMC
Hospital
and
was
sent
abroad
for
further
study.(要点2)
After
she
returned,she
opened
her
own
clinic
because
her
department
was
closed
because
of
the
war.(要点3)Though
she
was
involved
in
political
affairs
after
liberation,she
still
devoted
herself
to
medical
affairs.(要点4)
She
always
thought
of
others
until
her
death.(要点5)(共29张PPT)
UNIT
2
MORALS
AND
VIRTUES
素养导航
主题语境——人与社会 道德与美德
Paid
in
full
with
a
glass
of
milk
One
day,a
poor
boy
who
was
selling
goods
from
door
to
door
to
pay
his
way
through
school,found
he
had
only
one
thin
dime
left,and
he
was
hungry.He
decided
he
would
ask
for
a
meal
at
the
next
house.However,he
lost
his
courage①
when
a
lovely
young
woman
opened
the
door.
Instead
of
a
meal
he
asked
for
a
drink
of
water.She
thought
he
looked
hungry
so
brought
him
a
large
glass
of
milk.He
drank
it
so
slowly,and
then
asked,“How
much
do
I
owe
you?”
“You
don’t
owe
me
anything,”
she
replied.“Mother
has
taught
us
never
to
accept②
pay
for
a
kindness.”
He
said,“Then
I
thank
you
from
my
heart.”
Many
years’
later
that
woman
became
seriously
ill
and
the
local
doctors
sent
her
to
the
big
city,where
they
called
in
specialists③
to
study
her
rare
disease.Dr
Howard
Kelly
was
called
in
for
the
consultation.When
he
heard
the
name
of
the
town
she
came
from,a
strange
light
filled
his
eyes.Immediately④
he
rose
and
went
down
the
hall
of
the
hospital
to
her
room.?
Dressed
in
his
doctor’s
gown
he
went
in
to
see
her.He
recognized
her
at
once.He
went
back
to
the
consultation⑤
room
determined
to
do
his
best
to
save
her
life.From
that
day
on,he
gave
special
attention
to
her
case.
After
a
long
struggle,the
battle
was
won.Dr
Kelly
requested
the
business
office
to
pass
the
final
bill
to
him
for
approval.He
looked
at
it,then
wrote
something
on
the
edge
and
the
bill
was
sent
to
her
room.She
feared
to
open
it,for
she
was
sure
it
would
take
the
rest
of
her
life
to
pay
for
it
all.Finally
she
looked,and
something
caught
her
attention⑥
on
the
side
of
the
bill.She
read
these
words
...
“Paid
in
full
with
a
glass
of
milk.”
(Signed)
Dr
Howard
Kelly.
Tears
of
joy
flooded
her
eyes
as
her
happy
heart
prayed,“Thank
You.Love
has
spread
broad
through
human
hearts
and
hands.”
词海拾贝
①courage
n.勇气
②accept
vt.接受
③specialist
n.专家
④immediately
adv.立刻;马上
⑤consultation
n.咨询
⑥attention
n.注意
典句欣赏
Many
years’
later
that
woman
became
seriously
ill
and
the
local
doctors
sent
her
to
the
big
city,where
they
called
in
specialists
to
study
her
rare
disease.
译文:许多年以后,那位女士得了重病,当地医生把她送到大城市去,在那里他们召集专家来研究她的罕见病。
分析:本句是一个并列复合句。第一个分句是that
woman
became...,第二个分句是the
local
doctors
sent
her...,where引导的是非限制性定语从句。
理解诱思
1.What
do
we
know
about
the
young
woman
from
the
first
three
paragraphs?
2.Why
did
Dr
Kelly
pay
the
bill
for
the
woman?
答案:1.She
was
a
lovely
kind-hearted
woman.
2.To
repay
for
her
kindness.
Section
A Listening
and
Speaking
Ⅰ.知识体系图解
语音
升调:You
volunteer
at
the
local
shelter,↑don’t
you?
重点词汇
1.
adj.道德的;道义上的?
n.品行;道德;寓意
2.
n.高尚的道德;美德;优秀品质?
3.
n.进退两难的境地;困境?
4.
vi.昏倒;晕厥?
adj.不清楚的;微弱的
moral
virtue
dilemma
faint
重点短语
1.make
a
choice ?
2.get
in
trouble ?
3.hear
of ?
4.share...with
?
5.all
the
time ?
6.not
only...but
also...
?
7.disagree
with
?
8.be
sure
about
?
9.be
faced
with ?
10.fall
down ?
做出选择
惹麻烦
听说
与……分享
一直
不但……而且……
不同意……
对……有把握
面对
跌倒
重点句式
1.If
you
hear
people
speaking
very
quickly,or
loudly,they
may
be
excited
or
angry.
2.If
I
were
ever
in
a
situation
like
the
girl
faced,I
think
I
would
choose
to...
Ⅱ.释义匹配
1.moral
A.that
cannot
be
clearly
seen,heard
or
smelt
2.virtue
B.a
situation
in
which
it
is
very
difficult
to
decide
what
to
do
3.dilemma
C.behaviour
or
attitudes
showing
high
moral
standards
4.faint
D.concerned
with
principles
of
right
and
wrong
behaviour
5.situation
E.all
the
circumstances
and
things
that
are
happening
at
a
particular
time
and
in
a
particular
place
答案:1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.E
Ⅲ.介词填空
1.If
you
don’t
give
up
doing
it,you
will
get
trouble.?
2.As
is
known
to
all,Shandong
Province
is
famous
Mount
Tai.?
3.What
going
to
see
the
movie
this
Saturday
evening??
4.I
helped
him
because
I
didn’t
want
to
lose
him
a
friend.?
in/into
for
about
as
重点词汇
If
you
choose
one,you
might
get
in
trouble
for
not
choosing
the
other(s).
如果你选择一个,则可能会因为不选择其他的而惹上麻烦。
【词汇精讲】get
in/into
trouble意为“惹上麻烦”,是固定搭配。
If
you
don’t
keep
the
rules,you
are
likely
to
get
into
trouble.
如果你不守规矩,你就会遇到麻烦。
When
you
get
into
trouble,you
need
friends
to
help
you.
当你陷入困境中,你需要朋友帮助你。
【词汇拓展】
Nothing
gives
him
more
pleasure
than
helping
someone
in
trouble.
没有一件事能比帮助陷入困境的人带给他更大的快乐。
If
you’re
a
visual
kind
of
person,you
probably
won’t
have
trouble
with
this.
如果你是擅长形象思维的人,这应该不难。
重点句式
1.If
you
hear
people
speaking
very
quickly,or
loudly,they
may
be
excited
or
angry.
如果你听到人们说话很快或声音很大,他们可能是兴奋或生气。
【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句。主句是they
may
be
excited
or
angry,if引导的是条件状语从句。hear
people
speaking是“hear+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。
I
heard
the
students
reading
poems
when
I
passed
the
classroom.
我路过教室时听到学生们在朗诵诗。
Can
you
hear
the
teacher
speaking?
你能听到老师说话吗?
【句式拓展】
与hear有相同用法的动词常见的还有:see,feel,smell,watch,notice等。
We
often
hear
them
sing
this
song.
我们经常听到他们唱这首歌。
He
noticed
his
windows
broken.
他注意到他的窗子被打破了。
2.If
I
were
ever
in
a
situation
like
the
girl
faced,I
think
I
would
choose
to...如果我处于那个女孩所面对的处境,我想我会选择……
【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句。主句是I
think
I
would
choose
to...,I
would
choose
to是省略了that的宾语从句。if引导的是与现在事实相反的非真实条件句。
If
he
lived
in
the
city,he
would
know
it
well.
如果他在这座城市居住的话,他会对它很熟悉。
If
I
were
a
bird,I
would
fly
high
in
the
sky.
如果我是一只鸟,我会在天空中高高飞翔。
【句式拓展】
if条件句中的虚拟语气
if条件从句
从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
表示现
在情况
动词过去式(be的过去式用were)
should/would/could/might+动词原形
表示过
去情况
had+过去分词
should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
表示将
来情况
should+动词原形
should/would/could/might+动词原形
动词过去式
were
to+动词原形
If
I
had
enough
money,I
would
buy
myself
a
computer
first
of
all.
如果我有足够的钱,我首先要给自己买一台电脑。
If
you
had
come
earlier,you
couldn’t/wouldn’t
have
missed
the
bus.
如果你早点儿来,你就不会错过那班公共汽车了。
If
I
saw/should
see/were
to
see
him
tomorrow,I
would
invite
him
home.
如果明天见到他,我会邀请他到我家。
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Our
friend
Tom
is
back
from
the
holiday.Why
not
(go)
to
see
him??
答案:go
2.It
is
a
fine
day
today.What
about
(play)
football
in
the
stadium??
答案:playing
3.What
will
you
choose
(do)
if
you
see
somebody
fall
down??
答案:to
do
4.Mankind
is
(face)
with
new
opportunities
for
development
and
new
challenges.?
答案:faced
5.Smith
heard
a
knock
at
the
door
when
(have)
lunch.?
答案:having
Ⅱ.选词填空
eager,doubt,choose,disagree,confused
1.Sally
was
without one
of
the
finest
swimmers
in
the
school.?
答案:doubt
2.A
crowd
of young
students
were
already
waiting
outside.?
答案:eager
3.There
are
many
others
besides
me
who
with
what
you
say.?
答案:disagree
4.She
had
to between
giving
up
her
job
and
hiring
someone.?
答案:choose
5.All
the
corridors
looked
the
same
and
he
felt
thoroughly .?
答案:confused(共37张PPT)
Section
D Reading
for
Writing
&
Assessing
Your
Progress
Ⅰ.知识体系图解
重点词汇
1.
vt.&
vi.(使)洒出;(使)溢出?
2.
n.眼泪;泪水?
3.
n.&
vt.伤害;损害?
4.
n.绝望 vi.绝望;感到无望?
5.
n.力量;威力?
6.
n.(网球等的)球场;法院;法庭
7.
adj.灵活的;可变通的?
8.
n.收入;收益?
9.
adv.因此;所以?
10.
n.紧张关系;紧张;焦虑?
spill
tear
harm
despair
might
court
flexible
income
therefore
tension
11.waitress
n.
?
12.pregnant
adj.
?
13.disguise
vt.
n.
?
14.maple
n.
?
15.cart
n.
?
16.limp
vi.
?
17.fable
n.
?
18.per
prep. ?
(餐馆的)女服务员;女侍者
怀孕的;妊娠的
装扮;假扮;掩盖
伪装;化装用具
枫树;槭树
手推车;运货马车
跛行;一瘸一拐地走
寓言;寓言故事
每;每一
重点短语
1.trip
over
?
2.in
tears
?
3.in
despair
?
4.a
great
deal
(of) ?
5.crash
into
?
6.pick
oneself
up ?
7.make
an
attempt
to
do
?
8.end
up
doing
?
9.with
all
one’s
might
?
10.belong
to ?
被……绊倒
流着泪;含着泪
处于绝望中
大量
撞到……上
起身
试图做……
以……结束
用尽全力
属于
重点句式
Neither
she
nor
her
friends
thought
about
moving
the
stone
out
of
the
road.
Ⅱ.释义匹配
1.disguise
A.a
feeling
that
you
have
no
hope
at
all
2.despair
B.the
money
that
you
earn
from
your
work
3.income
C.the
place
where
a
trial
is
held
4.flexible
D.to
change
someone’s
appearance
so
that
people
cannot
recognize
them
5.court
E.able
to
change
to
suit
new
conditions
or
situations
答案:1.D 2.A 3.B 4.E 5.C
Ⅲ.单句填空
1.The
writer
got
carried
away
and
ended
up
(write)
too
much
detail.?
2.They
succeeded
in
(launch)
the
satellite
into
orbit.?
3.The
man
stepped
out
from
the
dark,which
made
me
(frighten).?
4.A
group
of
girls
came
along,each
(balance)
a
pot
of
water
on
her
head.?
5.The
man
said
to
(him),“How
can
I
get
across
the
river
without
a
boat?”?
writing
launching
frightened
balancing
himself
重点词汇
1.The
king
was
in
despair.国王绝望了。
【词汇精讲】句中的despair是名词,意为“绝望”,despair可作不及物动词,意为“绝望;感到无望”。
The
noise
upstairs
used
to
drive
him
to
despair.
楼上的噪音曾使他绝望。
In
spite
of
the
difficulties,he
never
despaired.
尽管困难重重,他从没绝望。
【词汇拓展】
To
the
despair
of
the
workers,the
company
announced
the
closure
of
the
factory.
使工人们绝望的是,公司宣布关闭工厂。
Their
son
was
lost
ten
years
ago,but
they
never
despaired
of
finding
him.
他们的儿子十年前失踪了,但他们从未失去找到他的希望。
2.Is
there
no
one
in
this
village
who
feels
any
responsibility
to
keep
their
neighbours
from
harm?
在这个村子里,难道没有人觉得有责任不让邻居受到伤害吗?
【词汇精讲】句中的harm是名词,意为“伤害;损害”,harm也可作动词,意为“伤害;损害”。
She’s
a
terrible
gossip
but
she
means
no
harm.
她爱说三道四,不过她没有恶意。
There
was
a
traffic
accident
in
this
street,but
no
one
was
harmed.
这街上发生了交通事故,但没有人受伤。
【词汇拓展】
It
wouldn’t
do
him
any
harm
to
work
a
bit
harder.
工作努力点对他没什么害处。
It
is
generally
accepted
that
smoking
is
harmful
to
our
health.
吸烟有害健康,这是大家公认的。
【微写作】
Eating
too
much
every
day
is
harmful
to
our
health,that
is
to
say,eating
too
much
every
day
does
harm
to
our
health.
每天吃太多对我们的健康有害,也就是说,每天吃太多伤害我们的健康。
3.After
a
great
deal
of
effort,she
finally
succeeded
in
moving
it
to
the
side
of
the
street.
经过很大的努力,她最终成功地把它移到了街道的一边。
【词汇精讲】a
great
deal
of意为“大量的”,后接不可数名词。
After
several
years’
self-study
he
acquired
a
great
deal
of
knowledge.
经过几年的自学,他获得了不少知识。
I
spend
a
great
deal
of
time
thinking
about
the
power
of
language.
我花了大量的时间思考语言的力量。
【词汇拓展】
【温馨提示】“large
quantities/amounts
of+n.”作主语时谓语动词用复数形式,而“a
large
quantity/amount
of+n.”作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
4....and
therefore
the
public
would
continue
to
receive
good
health
services.
……因此,公众能继续享受好的医疗服务。
【词汇精讲】therefore是副词,意为“因此;所以”。
Muscle
cells
need
lots
of
fuel
and
therefore
burn
lots
of
calories.
肌肉细胞需要很多能量,所以会燃烧大量卡路里。
It
rained
and
therefore
the
football
match
was
postponed.
足球赛因为下雨而延期了。
【易混辨析】
however
“然而”,表示让步、转折,常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。
therefore
“因此;所以”,表示结果。
besides
“另外;还有”,表示递进关系。
instead
“相反”,表示相反的情况。
重点句式
Neither
she
nor
her
friends
thought
about
moving
the
stone
out
of
the
road.
她和朋友都没有想着把石头从路上移开。
【句式剖析】neither...nor...表示“既不……,也不……”,其含义是否定的,可连接任意两个并列的成分。
She
likes
neither
butter
nor
cheese.
她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢奶酪。
My
brother
can
neither
speak
English
nor
write
in
it.
我弟弟既不会说英语,也不会用英语写作。
【温馨提示】当neither...nor...连接两个主语时,句中的谓语动词应遵循“就近原则”。
Neither
the
sisters
nor
Tom
likes
to
play
the
violin.
姐妹们和汤姆都不喜欢拉小提琴。
文化意识
美德:在人格心理学内,是指凡是可以给一个人的自我增添力量的东西,包括攻击,力量,勇气,自信等。
道德:指衡量行为正当与否的观念标准。一个社会一般有社会公认的道德规范。只涉及个人、个人之间、家庭等的私人关系的道德,称为私德;涉及社会公共部分的道德,称为社会公德。
高分写作
假如你是某校高一学生李华,从网上看到老人跌倒,路人不敢扶的报道,请你根据以下要点给某英文报编辑写一封信。
1.简要描述报道的内容;
2.分析其原因;
3.你的看法。
生词:frame
诬陷
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加内容,以使行文连贯。
一、审题定调
1.确定体裁:本单元的写作是给编辑写一封信,内容涉及老人跌倒、路人不敢扶的社会现象。
2.确定人称:由于是说明这种现象及其原因,所以以第三人称为主。
3.确定时态:主要是说明这种现象产生的原因,所以以一般现在时为主。
二、谋篇布局
本文分为三个段落。
第一段:开门见山,说明当前所存在的这种现象;
第二段:分析产生这种现象的原因;
第三段:自己的看法。
三、短文模板
1.常用语块
fall
on
the
ground
倒在地上
watch
with
sympathy
同情地看着
help
sb
up
把……扶起来
frame
those
who
help
them
诬陷帮助他们的人
be
willing
to
do
乐意做某事
get
oneself
into
trouble
自己惹麻烦
take
care
of
the
old
照顾老人
meet
with
such
a
case
遇到这种情况
2.遣词造句
普通表达
高级表达
◆An
old
man
fell
on
the
ground
and
many
people
were
standing
around
and
watched
sympathetically.
◆A
few
of
the
people
are
not
honest
and
they
will
frame
others.
◆Though
many
people
want
to
help
them,they
don’t
want
to
get
into
trouble.
◆We
should
respect
and
take
care
of
the
old
and
that
is
the
traditional
Chinese
virtue.
◆An
old
man
fell
on
the
ground
and
many
people
were
standing
around
watching
with
sympathy.
◆On
the
one
hand,a
few
of
the
people
are
dishonest
and
they
will
frame
those
who
help
them.
◆On
the
other
hand,though
many
people
are
willing
to
help
them,they
are
afraid
of
getting
themselves
into
trouble.
◆Respecting
and
taking
care
of
the
old
is
the
traditional
Chinese
virtue.
四、连句成文
参考范文
Dear
Editor,
I
read
from
the
Internet
that
an
old
man
fell
on
the
ground
and
many
people
were
standing
around
watching
with
sympathy,but
no
one
dared
to
help
him
up.This
is
what
happens
in
our
society
nowadays.
The
reason
for
this
is
very
simple.On
the
one
hand,a
few
of
the
people
are
dishonest
and
they
will
frame
those
who
help
them.On
the
other
hand,though
many
people
are
willing
to
help
them,they
are
afraid
of
getting
themselves
into
trouble.
In
my
opinion,we
should
all
help
each
other.Respecting
and
taking
care
of
the
old
is
the
traditional
Chinese
virtue.If
I
meet
with
such
a
case,I
will
call
120
first
and
then
do
what
I
can
to
help
him.
Yours,
Li
Hua
Ⅰ.完成句子
1.办公室里只有我一个人受到了邀请。
I
was
the
only
person
in
my
office
.?
答案:who
was
invited
2.如果是这样的话,那么你对于幸福的性质有一些错误的观点了。
,you
have
some
mistaken
ideas
about
the
nature
of
happiness.?
答案:If
so
3.他醒来时发现钱包被偷了。
When
he
woke
up,he
found
.?
答案:his
wallet
stolen
4.山上有一些高大的树,有些有30米高。
There
are
some
tall
trees
on
the
hill,
30
meters.?
答案:some
measuring
5.他和你都不勤奋。
are
diligent.?
答案:Neither
he
nor
you
Ⅱ.语篇填空
A
king
put
a
large
stone
with
1.
(hide)
gold
coins
in
the
middle
of
the
main
street
in
a
local
village.A
milkman
crashed
into
the
stone,
2.
(spill)
the
milk
everywhere.He
picked
himself
up
and
3.
(angry)
went
away.A
group
of
4. ?
(woman)
came
along,but
no
one
thought
about
moving
the
stone
out
of
the
road.A
whole
day
passed
5.
anybody
making
6.
attempt
to
move
it.?
Just
then,the
king
7.
(see)
a
young
girl
coming
along.The
girl
managed
8.
(move)
it
to
the
side
of
the
street
and
found
the
gold
coins.The
king
stepped
out
from
behind
the
tree
and
told
her
that
the
gold
was
9.
(she)
because
she
was
the
only
person
10.
learnt
the
lesson
he
wanted
to
teach
the
people.?
hidden
spilling
angrily
women
without
an
saw
to
move
hers
who(共40张PPT)
Section
C Discovering
Useful
Structures
&
Listening
and
Talking
Ⅰ.知识体系图解
重点词汇
1.
n.事故;车祸;失事?
2.
n.手术;企业;经营?
3.
vi.&
vt.悄声说;耳语;低语 n.耳语(声);低语(声);传言;谣传?
4.
n.子夜;午夜?
5.
vt.&
vi.咬;叮;蜇 n.咬;(咬下的)一口;咬伤?
6.
n.嘴唇?
7.
vt.帮助;援助?
8.
n.记忆力;回忆?
9.
n.一连串(人或事);链子;链条?
accident
operation
whisper
midnight
bite
lip
assist
memory
chain
10.import
n.
vt.
?
11.export
n.
vt.
?
12.pole
n.
?
13.lap
n.
?
14.chairman
n.
?
15.café
n.
?
(行星的)极;地极
(坐着时的)大腿部;(跑道等的)一圈
主席;主持人;董事长
咖啡馆;小餐馆
进口;进口商品
进口;输入;引进
出口;出口商品
出口;输出;传播
重点短语
1.pass
away ?
2.in
memory
of
?
3.at
midnight ?
4.work
as
?
5.give
first
aid
?
6.make
a
difference ?
7.start
with
?
8.first
of
all ?
9.step
by
step
?
10.once
upon
a
time ?
去世
作为对……的纪念
在午夜
充当……
进行急救
有意义
以……开始
首先
一步一步地
从前
重点句式
1.Despite
the
difficult
situation,Dr
Bethune
did
whatever
he
could
to
assist
the
Chinese
people.
2.After
Dr
Bethune’s
death,Chairman
Mao
Zedong
wrote
an
article
in
memory
of
him,in
which
he
praised
Dr
Bethune
as
a
hero
to
be
remembered
in
China.
重点语法动词-ing形式作状语和补语
Ⅱ.介(副)词填空
1.Thinking
of
all
the
people
who
were
need
of
help,she
opened
her
own
clinic.?
2.Mr
Brown,my
former
English
teacher,passed
at
the
age
of
88.?
3.To
work
a
practical
plan,we
have
to
start
with
investigation.?
4.Go
and
find
when
the
train
for
Beijing
leaves.?
5.I
was
my
way
to
the
supermarket
when
I
met
with
an
old
friend.?
in
away
out
out
on
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.Two
years
later,she
set
up
an
educational
fund (纪念)her
mother.?
2.I
wanted
to (有影响)
in
the
world,but
I
had
no
idea
how
to
do
that.?
3.The
business
should
be
conducted (一步一步地),slowly
and
surely.?
4. (在午夜)
he
woke
up
and
listened
to
the
radio
for
a
few
minutes.?
5.A
worker
was
badly
injured
in
the
workshop
and
his
workmates
(对他进行急救).?
in
memory
of
make
a
difference
step
by
step
At
midnight
gave
him
first
aid
重点词汇
1.I
saw
her
whispering
something
into
his
ear,obviously
not
want
to
be
heard.
我看见她对着他耳语,显然不想被听到。
【词汇精讲】句中的whisper是动词,意为“悄声说;耳语;低语”,whisper也可作名词,意为“耳语(声);低语(声);传言;谣传”等。
What
are
you
two
whispering
about
over
there?
你们俩在那里嘀咕什么?
We
spoke
in
whispers/in
a
whisper
for
fear
of
waking
the
baby.
我们轻声谈话,以免吵醒婴儿。
【词汇拓展】
He
said
it
in
a
whisper,so
I
couldn’t
hear.
他说那件事的声音太小了,我听不见。
The
two
little
girls
whispered
to
each
other.
两个小姑娘互相耳语。
2.Despite
the
difficult
situation,Dr
Bethune
did
whatever
he
could
to
assist
the
Chinese
people.
尽管形势艰难,白求恩医生尽其所能帮助中国人民。
【词汇精讲】assist是动词,意为“帮助;援助”。
The
students
are
willing
to
assist
in
the
group’s
work.
学生们愿意协助该团体的工作。
The
play
was
directed
by
Mike
Johnson,assisted
by
Sharon
Gale.
该剧由迈克?约翰逊担任导演,沙伦?盖尔为助理导演。
【词汇拓展】
We
will
assist
you
in
finding
somewhere
to
live.
我们将帮你找个住的地方。
When
you
face
difficulty,the
suggestions
may
be
of
assistance
to
you.
当你面对困难时,这些建议可能对你有帮助。
【微写作】
He
is
ready
to
assist
others,when
you
require
assistance,he
is
sure
to
come.
他乐于助人,当你需要帮助时,他一定会来的。
3.After
Dr
Bethune’s
death,Chairman
Mao
Zedong
wrote
an
article
in
memory
of
him,in
which
he
praised
Dr
Bethune
as
a
hero
to
be
remembered
in
China.
白求恩医生死后,毛泽东主席写了一篇纪念他的文章,称赞他是值得中国纪念的英雄。
【词汇精讲】memory是名词,意为“记忆力;回忆”。
The
pianist
played
the
whole
piece
from
memory.
钢琴家根据回忆弹了整首曲子。
And
my
memory
became
so
good
that
even
I
myself
couldn’t
believe
it!
我的记忆力变得如此好,连我自己都不能相信!
【词汇拓展】
The
museum
was
built
in
memory
of
the
famous
scientist.
这个博物馆是为了纪念那位著名的科学家而建立的。
【微写作】
Sometimes,memorizing
words
is
just
to
exercise
your
memory,just
in
memory
of
the
days
at
school.
有时候,记单词就是为了锻炼一下记忆力,或者纪念一下学习的日子。
重点句式
1.Despite
the
difficult
situation,Dr
Bethune
did
whatever
he
could
to
assist
the
Chinese
people.
尽管形势艰难,白求恩医生尽其所能帮助中国人民。
【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句。Dr
Bethune
did是主句,to
assist
the
Chinese
people是动词不定式短语作目的状语,whatever意为“无论什么”,引导的句子作动词did的宾语。
I
will
just
say
whatever
comes
into
my
mind.
我想到什么就说什么。
I
told
myself
I
would
be
satisfied
with
whatever
I
could
get.
我告诉自己,不管得到什么我都会心满意足的。
【句式拓展】
(1)whatever可以修饰名词,引导宾语从句。
He’ll
be
ready
to
accept
whatever
help
he
can
get.
他准备接受他能得到的任何帮助。
(2)whatever引导让步状语从句。
Whatever
you
do,put
your
heart
into
it.
无论做什么都要全心全意。
2.After
Dr
Bethune’s
death,Chairman
Mao
Zedong
wrote
an
article
in
memory
of
him,in
which
he
praised
Dr
Bethune
as
a
hero
to
be
remembered
in
China.
白求恩医生死后,毛泽东主席写了一篇纪念他的文章,称赞他是值得中国纪念的英雄。
【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句。Chairman
Mao
Zedong
wrote...是主句,in
which...是“介词+关系代词”
引导的定语从句。在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,当先行词是指人的名词时关系代词要用whom,先行词是指物的名词时,关系代词要用which。
Do
you
know
the
girl
with
whom
Mary
is
shaking
hands?
你认识和玛丽握手的那个女孩吗?
This
is
the
school
in
which
I
studied
many
years
ago.
这就是多年前我上学的学校。
【句式拓展】
在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,介词的选用可根据下列三方面去考虑:
(1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来考虑。
Have
you
seen
the
movie
about
which
he
was
speaking?(介词about依据speak
about而定)
他讲的那部电影你看过吗?
(2)根据先行词的习惯搭配或意义来考虑。
The
farm
on
which
we
worked
ten
years
ago
isn’t
what
it
used
to
be.(先行词The
farm在从句中作地点状语,“在农场”常用on
the
farm,故用on
which,相当于where)
十年前我们工作过的那个农场已不是过去的样子了。
(3)根据句子的具体含义来考虑。
The
pen
with
which
he
is
writing
now
was
bought
yesterday.
他现在写字用的那支笔是昨天买的。(with
which表示“使用工具”)
重点语法
动词-ing形式(2)
一、动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式作状语可以修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明等。
1.表示时间
动词-ing形式作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句。
Speaking
of
all
the
books
she
has
written,I
think
this
is
probably
the
best-known
one.谈到她所写的所有书,我认为这可能是最出名的一个。(=
When
I
speak
of
...)
While
seeing
the
performance,she
nodded
from
time
to
time.她观看表演的时候不停地点头。(=
While
she
was
seeing
the
performance
...)
2.表示原因
表示原因的动词-ing形式一般置于句首,相当于一个原因状语从句。
Being
busy,he
didn’t
go
to
the
concert
yesterday.他很忙,昨天没去听音乐会。(=
Because
he
was
busy...)
Having
lived
in
Jinan
for
years,I
almost
know
every
place
quite
well.
在济南住过多年,我几乎对每个地方都很熟悉。(=
Because
I
have
lived
...)
Not
realizing
that
he
was
in
great
danger,Eric
walked
deeper
into
the
forest.由于没有意识到身处险境,埃里克一步步向森林深处走去。(=
Since
he
did
not
realize
that
...)
3.表示结果
动词-ing形式作状语表示结果,可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句。
The
fire
lasted
nearly
a
month,leaving
nothing
valuable.大火持续了近一个月,几乎没剩下什么有价值的东西。(=
...
and
left
nothing
valuable)
China
has
a
population
of
1.3
billion,making
it
the
largest
country
in
the
world
by
population.中国有13亿人口,这使得她成了世界上人口最多的国家。(=
...
and
makes
it
...)
4.表示条件
动词-ing形式作条件状语,相当于一个条件状语从句。
Opening
the
window,you
will
see
the
garden
below.打开窗户,你就能看见下面的花园。(=
If
you
open
the
window)
5.表示让步
动词-ing形式作让步状语,相当于一个让步状语从句。
Admitting
what
you
say,I
still
think
you
are
wrong.虽然承认你所说的话,但我仍然认为你错了。(=Though
I
admit
what
you
say...)
6.表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明
动词-ing形式表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明,常置于句末,可以扩展成一个并列成分。
He
was
walking
along
the
street,looking
this
way
and
that.他左顾右盼地在街上走着。(=
and
looked
this
way
and
that)
Some
girls
sat
there
laughing
and
chatting.
几个女孩在那边坐着,又说又笑。
He
was
busy
writing
a
story,only
stopping
once
in
a
while
to
smoke
a
cigarette.
他正忙于写故事,只是偶尔停下来抽根烟。
7.修饰形容词
有少数动词-ing形式常放在某些形容词前面,起副词的作用,意思是“极”或“非常”,表示其程度或状态。
It
was
freezing/biting
cold
that
day.那天天气很冷。
The
weather
has
been
burning/steaming
hot
this
week.这周的天气极热。
8.动词-ing形式作插入语
动词-ing形式可在句中作独立成分,表明说话人的态度。
Properly
speaking,a
whale
is
not
a
fish.
准确地说,鲸并非鱼类。
Generally
speaking,Chinese
prefer
tea
to
coffee.
一般说来,中国人爱喝茶而不爱喝咖啡。
Judging
from
this
fact,he
must
be
an
honest
man.
从这一事实判断,他必是一个诚实的人。
二、动词-ing形式作补语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,强调动作在进行。常用在catch,feel,find,have,hear,keep,set,observe,see,watch等动词后。
The
next
thing
he
saw
was
smoke
rising
from
behind
the
house.
接下来他看到的是烟雾从房子的后面冒出来。
The
man
was
fired
because
he
had
been
found
smoking
in
the
kitchen.
那个人被解雇了,因为他被发现在厨房里吸烟。
Let’s
hurry
up.Don’t
keep
them
waiting.
我们快一点,不要让他们等。
【注意】
在see,watch,hear,observe,notice,feel等动词后,如果表示经常性的动作或已经完成的动作,要用不带to的不定式。
I
saw
him
break
into
the
house.我看见他闯入了房间。
We
often
hear
her
talk
about
you.
我们经常听到她谈论你。
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.
(turn)
to
the
right,you
will
find
the
house
you
are
looking
for.You
cannot
miss
it.?
答案:Turning
2.Making
the
right
decision
(concern)
the
future
is
probably
the
most
important
thing
we
will
ever
do
in
our
life.?
答案:concerning
3. (admire)
Chinese
traditional
paintings,Sally
has
come
to
China
to
learn
how
to
paint.?
答案:Admiring
4.
(be)
out
of
work
for
a
few
months,Mother
took
up
the
job
of
waiting
on
patients
in
hospitals.?
答案:Having
been
5.The
lady
blamed
the
naughty
boy
caught
(pick)
flowers
in
her
garden
and
let
him
off.?
答案:picking
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.你还记得你入团的那一天吗?
Do
you
still
remember
the
day
you
joined
the
League??
答案:on
which
2.我正在做作业,这时我的同学来了。
I
my
homework
when
my
classmate
came.?
答案:was
doing
3.大学毕业后,他去了英国。
from
college,he
went
to
England.?
答案:Having
graduated
4.他的所作所为受到了老师的称赞。
He
by
the
teacher
what
he
had
done.?
答案:was
praised;for
