牛津译林八年级下册Unit 1 Past and Present Grammar课件32张

(共32张PPT)
Unit1
Past
and
present
Grammar:Present
perfect
tense
Present
perfect
tense
现在完成时
1.结构:　　　　　　+　　　　　　
。?
2.含义
(1)表示过去已完成,但对现在有一定影响的动作,常与副词before,
already,
recently,
yet,
ever,
just,
never
等连用。如:
have/has
动词的过去分词
Past
Now
John
has
eaten
my
food.
(John
ate
up
the
food,
and
now
I
have
nothing
to
eat.)
I
have
just
had
lunch.
我刚刚吃过了午饭。
He
has
had
a
cup
of
tea.
他已经喝过一杯茶了。
The
boy
has
already
read
the
book.那个男孩已经看过那本书了。
I
have
washed
my
hands.
You
have
not
washed
your
hands.
She
has
washed
her
hands.
He
has
not
washed
his
hands
We
have
washed
our
hands
They
have
not
washed
their
hands.
(2)表示从过去
　　
　
并可能继续延续下去的动作。其谓语动词常常是　　　　动词,且句中常有表示一段时间的时间状语,如
for
two
years,
since
last
week,
so
far
(迄今为止),
in
the
past
two
months。如:?
He
has
lived
in
the
small
town
for
ten
years.
他已经在这个小镇住了十年了。
Tom
and
Jerry
have
been
good
friends
since
they
met
at
that
party.
自从汤姆和杰瑞在那次聚会上相遇以来,他们就成了好朋友。
某一时间开始一直延续到现在
延续性
Past
Now
I
have
studied
English
for
years.
(I
started
to
learn
English
at
the
age
of
6
and
now
I’m
still
learning
it.)
(3)表示一种经历;去过……地方;做过……事情;经历过……事情。如:
I
have
never
seen
a
film
in
the
cinema.
我从未在电影院看过电影。
She
has
never
been
to
a
cinema.
她从未去过电影院。
(1)肯定式:主语+　　　　　　+动词的过去分词+其他.如:?
I
have
finished
my
homework.我已经完成我的家庭作业了。
(2)否定式:主语+　　　　　　+not+动词的过去分词+其他.
如:?
I
have
not
finished
my
homework.
我还没有完成我的家庭作业。
3.句式:肯定式、否定式和疑问式
have/has
have/has
Subject
(主语)
have
/
has
+
(not)
（助动词）
past
participle
(过去分词)
I/You/We/They
have
(not)
moved.
He/She/It
has
(not)
moved.
have
not=haven’t
has
not
=hasn’t
(3)一般疑问句:　　　　　　+主语+动词的过去分词+其他?
如:?Have
you
finished
your
homework?
你完成你的家庭作业了吗?
Have/Has
Have
I/you/we/they
moved?　
Has　
he/she/it
Yes，
I/you/we/they　
have.
he/she/it　
has.　
No，
I/you/we/they　
have
not/haven’t.
he/she/it　
has
not/hasn’t.　
Practice:
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+　　　　
+主语+动词的过去分词+其他?如:?
How
long
have
you
taught
English?你教英语多长时间了?
have/has
规则动词的过去分词的变化规则
4.
动词的过去分词
构词法
示例
a.一般直接在词尾加?ed
work—worked
open—opened
b.以不发音的字母?e结尾的词直接加?d
live—lived
skate—skated
构词法
示例
c.以“辅音字母＋?y”结尾的词，变?y为?i，再加?
study—studied
hurry—hurried
d.以“元音字母＋?y”结尾的词，直接加?ed
play—played
stay—stayed
e.以“元音字母＋一个辅音字母”结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加?ed
stop—stopped
plan—planned
prefer—preferred
be
wear
see
forget
know
eat
lose
was/were
wore
saw
forgot
knew
ate
lost
Notes:
Turn
to
pages
122
and
123
for
more
changes
of
irregular
verbs..
写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词
been
worn
seen
forgotten
known
eaten
lost
5．常用时间状语：
just
刚刚；
yet
用于疑问句，表示“已经”，用于否定句表“还”；
ever
曾经；
already
用于陈述句，表示“已经”，否定句中改为yet；never
用在句中表示否定，从未，从不；
recently
近来，最近。
eg：Have
you
found
your
lost
key
yet?
你已经找到你丢失的钥匙了吗？
I
have
never
heard
of
this
singer
before.
我以前从未听说过这个歌手。
1
borrow
2
hope
3
make
4
get
5
plan
6
cry
borrowed
hoped
made
got
planned
cried
sent
watched
said
grown
hit
enjoyed
A
Mr
Wu
wants
the
students
to
practice
using
the
presrnt
perfrct
tense.
Help
them
write
the
past
participles
of
the
verbs
below.
have
finished
has
visited
has
repaired
haven’t
seen
has
taught
haven’t
come
B
Mr
Wu
asks
the
students
to
complete
the
sentences
below
using
the
presrnt
perfrct
tense.
Help
them
complete
the
sentences.
C
Millie
and
Sandy
are
talking
about
a
film
about
the
history
of
plete
their
conversation
with
the
correct
forms
of
the
verbs
in
brackets.
Have
seen
saw
have
heard
have
learnt
词
汇
点
睛
●1　yet
adv.
还,仍
[观察]
My
parents
haven’t
come
back
yet.
我父母还没回来。
[辨析]
already与yet
already
意为“已经”,一般用于　　　　句;有时用于疑问句,表示惊奇。
yet
意为“还,仍”,常用于　　　　和
　　　　。
肯定
否定句
疑问句
[拓展]
yet
还可用作连词,意为“然而,但是”。
1.[2019·湘西改编]
—　　　　
you
ever
　　　　Hong
Kong-Zhuhai-Macao
Bridge??
—Not
yet.
A.Did;
visit　
B.Are;
visit
C.Have;
visited
D.Do;
visit
C
活
学
活
用
●2　recently
adv.
近来,最近
[观察]
Have
you
seen
any
films
recently,
Sandy?
桑迪,你最近看过电影吗?
[探究]
recently常与现在完成时连用。
[拓展]
recently的形容词形式为　　　　。
recent
词
汇
点
睛
2.—　　　　
you
　　　　Luke
recently??
—Yes,
I
　　　　to
see
him
in
the
science
museum
yesterday
afternoon.?
A.Did;
meet;
happened
B.Have;
met;
happen
C.Did;
meet;
happen
D.Have;
met;
happened
D
活
学
活
用
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.
I
___________(study)
in
America
for
over
three
years.
2.
The
young
man
__________(live)
alone
since
he
graduated
from
college.(兰州)
3.
This
is
the
best
film
that
I
__________(see)
so
far.
4.
—Hello.
Can
I
speak
to
Miss
Brown?
—Sorry,
she
__________(
fly)
to
Canada
already.
She'll
be
back
in
a
week.
have
studied
has
lived
have
seen
has
flown
5.
In
the
past
two
weeks,
the
artist
__________(draw)
many
pictures
about
his
hometown.
6.
I
__________(
know)
Jimmy
for
over
two
days
and
now
we
are
good
friends.
7.
—Why
are
the
windows
so
dirty?
—Because
we
_____________(
not
clean)
them
for
a
long
time.
8.
My
life
__________(
change)
a
lot
in
the
past
few
years.(枣庄改编)
as
drawn
have
known
haven't
cleaned
has
changed
GOOD
JOB