Unit 1 Great scientists-名师点津

(共76张PPT)
1._____________ adj.科学的
2._____________ vt. 传染，感染；影响
3._____________ vt.出席，参观；照料
4._____________ vi.推断出；结束
5._____________ vt.暴露； 揭发； 曝光
6._____________ vt.指责 n.过失，责备
blame
scientific
infect
attend
conclude
expose
7.____________ vt. 宣布,宣告;声称
8.____________adj.热情的
9.____________vt.命令，通知
10.___________ vt. 吸收； 吞并； 理解
11.defeat v. ________________
12.cure n.& v. ________________
13.challenge n. ________________
announce
enthusiastic
instruct
absorb
打败；战胜；使受挫；失败
治愈；痊愈；治愈；治疗
挑战
14.contribute v. ________________
15.construct v. ________________
16.reject v. ________________
17.pollute v. ________________
18.positive adj. ________________
19.link vt.& n. ________________
20.expert adj.& n._______________
熟练的;内行的;专家,行家
捐献；贡献
建设；修建
拒绝；抛弃
污染
积极的，肯定的
连接，联系
1.character n. 性格，品质；人物；字体
_____________ n.特征；特性adj. 独特的
characteristic
⑴ We are building socialism with Chinese ______________ (character).
⑵ He finished a novel with 2 million Chinese ___________(character).
⑶ He is firm in __________ (character).
characteristics
characters
character
2.attend v.护理，照顾；出席，参加
_____________n.服务人员，侍者；随从
____________adj.专心的，留意的
____________adv.专心地
____________[搭配]照顾，护理；处理
attend to
attendant
attentive
attentively
⑴ It is the nurse who attended ___ my uncle when he was ill in the hospital last month.
⑵ Mr Smith has some urgent business to attend to，so he can’t __________ (attend/take part in/join)your wedding.
⑶ You should be more _________to your work.
to
attend
attentive
3.pollute vt. 污染；弄脏
______________ n.污染
⑴ We can’t drink the _____________ (pollute) water.
polluted
pollution
⑵ Nowadays，something must be done to reduce air________ (pollute).
⑶ The _________ (pollute) that has polluted the river is a chemical factory.
pollution
polluter
4.instruct vt.命令；指示；教导
______________adj.有指导意义的，有益的
______________n. 指导；说明书(复数)
____________________[搭配]命令/指示某人做某事
instruct sb.to do sth.
instructive
instruction
⑴ My mum always instructs me _______ (keep) the room clean and in good order.
⑵ Read the __________ (instruct) carefully before taking the medicine.
⑶ Your words are very __________ (instruct)，so I will keep them in my mind.
to keep
instructions
instructive
1.提出 __________________
2.得出结论 __________________
3.应该受责备 __________________
4.也，另外，此外 __________________
5.将……和……连接或联系起来
__________________
6.导致，通向 __________________
lead to
put forward
draw a conclusion
be to blame
in addition
link... to...
7.make sense ______________
8.apart from ______________
9.contribute to _______________
10.cure sb.of illness _______________
11.be enthusiastic about_______________
12.be strict with sb. _______________
有意义，说得通
除……之外，此外
为……作贡献或捐款,导致,有助于
治好某人……病
对……热情
对某人要求严格
1.2003年，SARS在中国大陆爆发。(break out)
2.SARS造成有些人死亡，很多人身处危险中。(lead... to...；be exposed to)
SARS led some people to death and many people were exposed to the danger.
In 2003，SARS broke out in the mainland of China.
3.包括著名的内科医生钟南山在内，许多医护人员被指派去照顾病人，处理这一案例。(apart from；instruct；attend；handle)
4.钟南山医生满腔热情地投入到工作中去，马上开始询问，并仔细地分析所收集的数据。(be so enthusiastic about；enquiry)
3.Apart from Doctor Zhong Nanshan，a famous physician，many doctors and nurses were instructed to attend to the victims and handle these cases.
4.Doctor Zhong was so enthusiastic about his work that he began his enquiry at once and analysed the datas he collected cautiously.
5.另外，他还用新药给病人做试验来寻找病源，宣布这次可怕的疾病的罪魁祸首是被污染的动物，果子狸(masked civet)。(in addition；announce；be to blame；pollute)
5.In addition，he had his new medicine tested on one patient to find the cause of the disease，announcing that it was the polluted animals ---masked civets that were to blame.
6.开始，一些专家怀疑并拒绝他的观点，说他所提出的理论毫无道理。(reject；put forward；make sense)
7.钟南山对自己要求更加严格。(be strict with)
6.At first，some experts suspected and rejected his view，saying the theory he put forward made no sense.
7.Doctor Zhong Nanshan became much stricter with himself.
8.通过把SARS与被污染的果子狸联系起来，钟南山得出科学的结论，并用中药治疗好感染SARS的病人，对控制这种致命的疾病做出了卓越的贡献。(analyse；draw a conclusion；link...to；control；cure sb.of illness；deadly；contribute to)
8.He drew a scientific conclusion by linking the disease to the polluted masked civets and cured the patients of SARS with traditional Chinese medicines，which made remarkable contributions to controlling the spread of the deadly disease.
In 2003，SARS broke out in the mainland of China，leading some people to death and many people were exposed to the danger. Apart from Doctor Zhong Nanshan，a famous physician，many doctors and nurses were instructed to attend to the victims and handle these cases. Doctor Zhong was so enthusiastic about his work that he began his enquiry at once and analysed the datas he collected cautiously；
in addition，he had his new medicine tested on one patient to find the cause of the disease，announcing that it was the polluted animals’ masked civets that were to blame. At first，some experts suspected and rejected his view，saying the theory he put forward made no sense.
Being much stricter with himself，he drew a scientific conclusion by linking the disease to the polluted masked civets and cured the patients of SARS with traditional Chinese medicines，which made remarkable contributions to controlling the spread of the deadly disease.
John Snow was a well-known physician in London in the 19th century. 1______famous was he that he even attended Queen Victoria to ease the 2_____(bear) of her babies. However，he decided to defeat cholera，a deadly disease at that time when he saw thousands of people 3_________(expose) to it died every time there was an outbreak.
exposed
So
birth
In 1854 when cholera broke out，he began to gather information and marked on a map 4 ______all the dead people had lived.He found many people who 5___________(drink) the dirty water from the pump died.So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera.
had drunk
where
He found a woman and her daughter 6 ____ had the water delivered from the pump every day died of cholera after drinking the water. 7 _____ this extra evidence John Snow announced that the polluted water was 8_________ (blame). He suggested the source of all water supplies 9____________(examine) and new methods of dealing10______water be found.Finally，“King Cholera” was defeated.
who
With
to blame
be examined
with
1.For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _______ (grow) on his own farm.
2.The play_____________(produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.
to be produced
grown
3. ______________________ twice，the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.(bite)
4.____________ not to miss the flight at 15：20，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.(Remind)
Reminded
Bitten/Having been bitten
5.The government plans to bring in new laws _______ (force) parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
forcing
1. expose vt.揭露；使曝光；使暴露；展出
expose... to使……显露/暴露
be exposed to 招致；暴露于；感染(病)
派生：exposure n. 显露；暴露；曝光
运用：根据汉语意思完成英语句子。
⑴ Those who ______________ (expose) to bird flu were separated and treated without delay.
⑵ Stay at home and don’t expose your skin ______ the sun.
were exposed
to
2. cure v. 治愈，治疗;n. 治愈，疗法
cure sb.of sth.治好某人的疾病
a cure for ... 治疗……的方法/药物
运用：用适当的词填空或用所给词的适当形式填空。
⑴ Her son was addicted to the computer games and she had to spend much time
________(cure) him______the bad habits.
⑵ The government is finding a cure _____ the rising housing prices.
curing
of
for
3. absorb vt.吸收(take or suck in)，全神贯注
运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。
⑴ 当我进来时，他正聚精会神地在看小说。
When I entered，he_____________________ a novel
⑵ 我们可以从外国语言中吸收我们需要的东西。
We can___________________from foreign languages
be absorbed in全神贯注于，专心致志于
absorb what we need
was absorbed in reading
4. suspect vt. 怀疑;n.嫌疑犯;adj.不可靠的
suspect sb.of ....认为某人有……的嫌疑
suspect sb.to be 怀疑某人是……
运用：用适当的词填空或用所给词的适当形式填空。
⑴ He is suspected ____ murder.
⑵ I suspected him _______ (be) the spy.
⑶ What made you suspect her ___ having taken the money
of
of
to be
辨析：suspected that... 表示“怀疑其有”；doubt that...“无把握，不相信”，怀疑其无。
请比较：
Old friends and old wines are best. 陈酒味醇， 老友情深。
I doubt that he has stolen my watch.我不相信他偷了我的手表。
I suspect that he has stolen my watch.我怀疑/猜想他偷了我的手表。
blame sb.for(doing)sth.为某事责备某人
blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人
be to blame(for sth.)(为某事)承担责任/受责备
5. blame vt.责备；谴责;n. 过失；责备
运用：用适当的词填空或完成句子。
⑴ 我不责怪你，我责怪我自己。
I do not blame you，but I _____________.
⑵ 那次事故怪不得孩子们。
The children were not_____________ the accident.
to blame for
blame myself
⑶ The manager blamed him _____ his carelessness at work.
⑷ The police blamed the traffic accident _____ Steven’s drunken driving.
on
for
6. contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助
contribute to(doing)sth.有助于……；促成
contribute ...to(doing)sth.把……献给……；撰稿给(报社、杂志)
make a contribution to(doing)sth.对……作出贡献
运用：根据汉语意思完成英语句子。
⑴ 去年地震发生后，这家公司向红十字会捐赠了食品和衣物。
The company ________________________ the Red Cross last year after the earthquake happened.
⑵ 我相信新鲜的空气有助于健康。
I’m sure plenty of fresh air____________ good health.
contributes to
contributed food and clothing to
⑶ 这些改革对于我国的经济发展做出了重大贡献。
These reforms________________________ the development of the economy of our country.
made a major contribution to
7. conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出；决定，作结论
派生：conclusion n. 结论，结束
conclude sth.from sth.从……得出……结论
conclude... with 以……为结束……
come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论
in conclusion总之，最后(=finally)
运用：根据汉语意思完成英语句子。
⑴ 他们于下午六点结束了会议。
They_________________________________
_____________________ at 6 o’clock in the afternoon.
⑵ 从以上事实中，我们不难得出结论：财富并不等于幸福。
From the above facts，________________
_______________________________________that wealth is not equal to happiness.
we can easily conclude
that/we can easily come to the conclusion
concluded the meeting/brought the
meeting to a conclusion
⑶ 总而言之，好公民应该遵守交通规则。
__________________________，a good citizen should observe traffic regulations.
To conclude/In conclusion
8. defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫; n.失败
辨析：defeat，beat & win
defeat与beat同义，表示“击败对方”，宾语为参赛者或竞争者，如sb.或a team；而win则表示“赢得比赛、战争或某些奖赏或荣誉”，宾语为game，match，prize等，不能接人。
运用：用defeat、beat或win填空。
⑴ They_______________ us fair and square in the football match.
⑵ The U.S.A _____ the Iraq War but lost the national popularity(国家声望).
won
defeated/beat
1. put forward 提出；推荐、提名；提前
理解：说出下列句中划线部分的意思。
⑴ We’ve put the wedding forward by two weeks.
将……提前
⑵ Mr.Smith put forward a suggestion at the meeting that we should set up a special department to deal with emergency.
⑶ Her name was put forward for the lead role in the play.
被推荐/提名
提出建议
2. link ...to... 把……和……连接/联系起来
翻译：这浅浅的海峡把大陆和台湾联系起来。
The shallow strait________________ the mainland.
links Taiwan to
3. apart from 除……之外；此外
用法：apart from系短语介词，含有besides/in addition to/as well as和except(for)两方面的意思。
运用：用besides，except，except for替代apart from。
⑴ Apart from the cost，it will take a lot of time.
⑵ Apart from a few faults，he is a trustworthy teacher.
⑶ Apart from the ending，it’s a really good film.
Apart from = except (not including)
Apart from =Besides (In addition to)
Apart from =Except for
4. be strict with sb.(in sth.)(在某方面)对某人严格要求
运用：用适当的词填空。
⑴ Our English teacher is very strict _____ us and she demands that we should be strict ____ our homework.
⑵ My mother is strict ___ her work and is also strict_____me.
with
with
in
in
5. make sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通
运用：理解下面句子的意思。
⑴ It doesn’t make any sense to give a child whatever he wants.
⑵ It would make sense to leave early tomorrow.
明天早点离开是明智之举。
孩子要什么给什么是没道理的。
1.原句：So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(L5，P2)每次霍乱爆发时，就有大批恐慌的老百姓病死。
说明：除every time外，以下短语也可用作连词：each time每一次，any time任何时候，next time下一次，the first time，第一次，the last time等。
句型：every time...每次/每当……
仿写：请将下列句子译成英文。
⑴ 每次我陷入困境时，都是马老师来帮助我。
It was Mr Ma who would come to help me
______________________________.
every time I was in trouble
⑵ 每次我去找他，他都是在教室里看书。
___________________________，he is absorbed in reading in the classroom.
⑶ 每当我听到这首音乐，我就想起我的童年。
_______________________________，I will think of my childhood.
Every time I listen to the music
Every time I go to see him
2.原句:A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(L42，P3)有一位从宽街搬过来的妇女，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里。
句型：have sth.done 让某人干某事，遭遇某事
仿写：请将下列句子译成英文。
⑴ 你最好明天请人把那扇破门修好。
You’d better_________________________
___________________.
(2)昨天他在打篮球时摔断了手腕。
Yesterday he__________________ when playing basketball.
had his wrist broken
have the broken door repaired
tomorrow
3.原句: He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。(L20，P7)
句型：with+ 宾语+非谓语动词
仿写：请将下列句子译成英文。
⑴ 由于噪音吵个不停，我做不了作业。
I couldn’t do my homework with__________
_______________.
⑵ 因对两场考试担心，这个周末我不得不拼命学习。
_____________________________，I have to work really hard this weekend.
the noise
going on
With two exams to worry about
⑶ 真遗憾，这位伟大的作家死时他的作品还没有完成。
It was a pity that the great writer died
__________________________.
with his works uncompleted
一、完形填空
本文是一篇记叙文。母亲向“我”讲述了身体中最重要的部位是肩膀，因为它能给悲伤的人一种依靠。
1.C。联系上下文的情节和提示语ears可知。
2.B。根据上文的sound和ears推测出母亲通过指出许多失聪的人否定“我”的答案。
3.C。自从第一次“尝试（attempt）后，我就常思考这问题。
4.D。母亲表扬我“学（learn）”得快。
5.A。母亲就同一个问题问了好多遍（times）.
6.C。虽然母亲的答案仍然是否定的，但她还是发现了我的进步，表扬我更聪明（smart）了。
7.B。从下文“每个人都很伤心”，尤其“向祖父做最后的道别”可知，祖父“去世”。
8.C。家人“轮流”（turn）向祖父道别。
9.A。当母亲在这种场合问我同样的问题时，我感到非常震惊。
10.A。一直以来，作者以为问这样的问题只不过是他们之间的“游戏”（game）而已。
11.D。母亲问他问题的场合与作者的预想形成强烈的反差，故感到十分困惑。
12.D。eyes well up with tears热泪盈眶
13.A。根据下文“我”的问题可知，支撑头部的应是肩膀。
14.B。根据上文when they cry。
15.D。于是作者懂得了，最重要的不是“自私的”（selfish）。
二、语法填空
本文讲述了星期五和13为什么被西方人认为是不吉利的日子。
16.because。因为后句与前句是因果关系。
17.came。因“来自于神话”，应发生于过去。
18.it。指代the rib。
19.a。表示不具体的“某个”星期五。
20.that。因it was...that...是强调结构。
21.died。在主格人称代词they后一定是谓语，用其动词形式die，由上下文可知用过去式died。
22.for。此处for which引导一个非限制性定语从句，意为“由于这个原因，因此”。
23.that。因后句是the idea的同位语从句，从句意义完整，也不缺任何句子成分，用that。
24.sitting。因本句已有谓语was unlucky，所以sit应为非谓语动词；又因people与sit是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作定语。
25.his。指前面“犹大的(Judas?)”。
三、阅读理解
本文主要介绍了疟疾的一些基本情况。
51.A。推理判断题。由文章第一段第三句得知。
52.C。细节理解题。由文章第二段第三句得知。
53.D。细节理解题。由文章第二段倒数第三句话(its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control)得知。
54.B。推理判断题。由最后一段的第三句(...but they have been in short supply and are very expensive)得知。
55.D。细节理解题。根据全文所讨论的内容得知，选项A，C在第二段讨论到了，选项B在第一段讨论到了。