单元检测卷(四)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的
A、B、C
三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What
will
the
man
do
during
the
coming
holiday?
A．Stay
with
his
grandparents.
B．Stay
at
home.
C．Do
some
volunteer
work.
2．How
does
the
woman
feel?
A．Nervous.
B．Excited.
C．Grateful.
3．Where
does
the
man
like
to
live
most?
A．In
New
York.
B．In
Paris.
C．In
Sydney.
4．What
was
the
weather
like
last
night?
A．Rainy.
B．Sunny.
C．Windy.
5．How
much
does
a
ticket
cost?
A.7.
B.24.
C.25.
第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．How
did
the
man
get
the
tickets?
A．His
brother
gave
them
to
him.
B．He
got
them
by
lining
up
at
the
ticket
office.
C．He
called
the
ticket
office
and
booked
them.
7．With
whom
will
the
man
go
to
the
concert?
A．The
woman.
B．His
brother.
C．He
will
go
alone.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．Why
is
Sam
back
home
early
today?
A．He
doesn’t
feel
very
well.
B．Allan
will
help
him
with
his
math.
C．His
teachers
will
have
a
meeting.
9．What
will
Sam
help
his
mother
do?
A．Do
the
dishes.
B．Peel
the
potatoes.
C．Cut
the
tomatoes.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．Why
are
there
so
many
ski
shows?
A．To
promote
an
extreme
sport.
B．To
attract
more
visitors.
C．To
arouse
people’s
awareness
of
protecting
the
environment.
11．What
is
the
man’s
father?
A．A
skier.
B．A
scientist.
C．A
ski
club
owner.
12．What
are
the
speakers
mainly
talking
about?
A．Their
hobbies.
B．Ski
shows.
C．The
snowmaking
industry.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．Of
the
things
in
the
woman’s
bag，which
does
she
need
badly?
A．Money.
B．Her
visa.
C．Her
bank
cards.
14．What
did
the
woman
do
after
losing
her
bag?
A．She
phoned
the
staff
in
the
theatre
for
help.
B．She
went
to
the
police
station.
C．She
went
back
to
the
theatre.
15．What
does
the
man
advise
the
woman
to
do
now?
A．Have
breakfast.
B．Ask
the
police
for
help.
C．Look
for
the
bag.
16．What
will
the
man
do
next?
A．Meet
his
uncle.
B．Put
an
advertisement
in
the
China
Daily.
C．Make
a
phone
call
to
his
uncle.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What
color
was
the
rain
boot
long
ago?
A．Dark
brown.
B．Light
blue.
C．Black
or
dull
green.
18．When
did
the
rain
boot
become
fashionable
for
the
first
time?
A．In
1817.
B．In
1890.
C．In
2004.
19．Which
is
NOT
mentioned
about
the
things
the
British
upper
classes
take
with
them?
A．Dogs.
B．Waterproof
coats.
C．Sunglasses.
20．How
often
is
that
shoe
company
selling
a
pair
of
boots?
A．Every
4
seconds.
B．Every
15
seconds.
C．Every
30
seconds.
答案 1.C 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.C 9．A 10.B 11.B 12.B 13.B 14.B 15.A 16.C 17．C 18.A 19.C 20.A
听力材料
Text
1
M：What’s
your
plan
for
the
coming
holiday?
W：I’m
going
to
stay
with
my
grandparents
for
two
weeks
and
then
stay
at
home.What’s
your
plan?
M：I’m
going
to
be
a
volunteer
to
help
disabled
people.Would
you
like
to
join
us?
Text
2
W：You
know
what?
I
won
the
gold
medal
in
the
women
marathon.
M：Wow，congratulations!
How
about
having
a
party
to
celebrate?
Text
3
M：I
have
been
to
Sydney，San
Francisco，Washington
and
New
York，but
I
prefer
to
live
in
Paris.
W：Of
course.You’ve
been
here
for
so
many
years.
Text
4
M：It
looks
like
it’s
going
to
be
sunny.I
can’t
believe
there
was
such
a
heavy
wind
last
night.
W：Yes.The
wind
broke
several
windows.But
they
say
we’re
going
to
get
some
rain
later.
Text
5
M：I
want
three
tickets
for
the
movie.Here
is
25
dollars.
W：Here
are
your
three
tickets，and
here
is
the
change—four
dollars.
Text
6
M：Hi，I
got
them，two
tickets
to
Wang
Feng’s
concert.
W：You’re
kidding!
How
did
you
get
them?
M：My
brother
gave
them
to
me.You
know，I
went
out
at
four
in
the
morning
and
lined
up，but
there
were
already
a
lot
of
people
there.I
couldn’t
buy
any
tickets.However，my
brother
called
and
told
me
he
had
two
extra
tickets.
W：You
were
very
lucky.
M：I
know
you’re
a
fan
of
Wang
Feng.If
you
are
free
tomorrow，would
you
like
to
come
with
me?
W：That
would
be
wonderful!
Thank
you
very
much!
Text
7
M：Mom，I’m
back.
W：Hi，Sam.You
get
home
from
school
early
today.
M：Yeah，our
teachers
will
have
a
meeting
so
we
all
go
home
early.
W：Well，now
that
you
are
here，you
can
help
me
with
dinner.I
need
those
potatoes
peeled
and
cut.
M：Mom，give
me
a
break.Allan’s
coming
over
to
help
me
with
my
math
final.
W：Well，in
that
case，you
can
do
the
dishes
and
clean
up
after
dinner.
M：OK.Can
I
invite
Allan
to
stay
for
dinner?
W：Of
course.You
and
Allan
have
become
good
friends，haven’t
you?
M：Thanks，mom.Of
course
we
are
best
friends
now.
Text
8
W：Hey，look
over
there.Let’s
go
and
have
a
look.
M：Sure.It’s
probably
the
ski
show.There
were
many
ski
clubs
putting
on
shows
to
attract
more
visitors.
W：Look
at
that.It’s
so
dangerous！My
mum
would
never
allow
me
to
do
that.
M：It’s
an
extreme
sports
show.What
else
can
they
do
to
attract
more
visitors?
W：You
are
right.By
the
way，how
did
they
get
so
much
snow
here?
M：Don’t
you
know?
W：Hey，not
everyone
is
as
lucky
as
you
to
have
a
father
who
is
a
scientist.
M：Sorry.Well，they
have
a
very
advanced
snowmaking
machine.
W：Do
you
think
the
snowmaking
can
cause
pollution?
M：It’s
possible.But
the
boss
here
says
they
are
doing
whatever
they
can
to
prevent
pollution.
W：That’s
good.
Text
9
M：You
look
a
bit
worried
today.Is
there
anything
wrong?
W：Well，yes，there
is
something
wrong，actually.Perhaps
you
can
give
me
some
advice.
M：Of
course，if
I
can.
W：Well，last
night
when
I
returned
from
the
theatre，I
found
that
I’d
lost
my
bag.
M：Oh，dear!
That’s
terrible!
What
was
in
your
bag?
W：Well，some
money，of
course，my
visa，all
my
bank
cards
and
some
photos.
M：Well，if
I
were
you，I’d
go
to
the
police
station
straight
away
and
report
it.
W：Yes，I’ve
already
done
that，and
they
said
they’d
look
for
my
bag.But
we’re
leaving
soon
and
I
need
my
visa
badly.
M：Oh，dear!
What
a
pity!
Are
you
sure
you
lost
it
in
the
theatre?
W：Yes，quite
sure.
M：I
think
you
should
put
an
advertisement
in
the
China
Daily，saying
when
and
where
you
lost
it.
W：But
that
takes
too
long.
M：Wait
a
minute!
My
uncle
lives
very
close
to
the
theatre.I’ll
telephone
him
and
ask
him
to
go
there
to
inquire
about
it.You’d
better
have
breakfast
now
and
I’ll
meet
you
later.
W：Oh，thank
you.I
hope
he
can
find
it.
Text
10
Long
ago，rain
boots
usually
came
in
black
or
dull
green.Farmers
wore
them.But
now
shops
are
selling
them
in
every
color
and
with
beautiful
decorations.That’s
because
the
rain
boot
has
been
fashionable
since
around
2004.
But
the
rain
boot
has
been
in
fashion
forward
before.It
began
in
1817
when
the
Duke
of
Wellington
started
wearing
a
narrower，simpler
boot.Being
a
famous
war
hero，men
were
quick
to
copy
his
style
and
the
boot
soon
became
a
fashion.It
went
out
of
fashion
at
the
end
of
the
19th
century，but
farmers，workers，dog
walkers
carried
on
wearing
them.
So
why
have
they
become
fashionable
again？It’s
part
of
the
general
trend
for
big
boots：biker
boots
and
cowboy
boots
are
popular.But
surely
it’s
a
class
thing
too.The
British
upper
classes
like
going
outdoors—often
seen
with
waterproof
coats，dogs
and
rain
boots.
One
shoe
company
has
reported
sales
of
the
boots
up
673%
this
year—they’re
selling
15
pairs
of
boots
a
minute.However，now
everyone
has
them.They’re
not
special
any
more
and
sales
will
definitely
fall.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2018·广东湛江调研)
If
you
have
the
opportunity
to
visit
some
places
in
New
Zealand，then
the
list
below
is
our
recommendation.
Fiordland
National
Park
This
park
is
part
of
the
South
Westland
World
Heritage
area
and
is
New
Zealand’s
largest
national
park
and
one
of
the
largest
in
the
world.The
scenery
in
Fiordland
is
nothing
short
of
extremely
beautiful，with
steep
mountains，wild
waterfalls，and
abundant
rain
forests.Being
able
to
come
back
and
forth
in
its
deep
bay
attracts
most
of
the
visitors.
The
area
has
some
of
the
world’s
great
walks
including
the
world
famous
Milford
Track，which
was
described
as
the
finest
walk
in
the
world
in
the
early
twentieth
century.
Abel
Tasman
National
Park
Abel
Tasman
may
be
New
Zealand’s
smallest
national
park，but
the
attractions
are
huge.Located
in
one
of
New
Zealand’s
sunniest
spots，the
area
also
has
the
best
beaches
in
the
country.
The
popular
Abel
Tasman
Walk
is
a
great
way
to
see
this
park.It
takes
3－5
days
to
complete.Sea
Taxis
are
also
available
and
can
drop
you
off
at
any
number
of
beaches
within
the
park.
Rotorua
Accessible
from
New
Zealand’s
biggest
city，Auckland，Rotorua
is
famous
for
its
volcanic
activities.Rotorua
is
also
famous
for
its
plentiful
lakes
which
are
great
for
swimming
and
fishing.The
surrounding
area
contains
plenty
of
native
bushes
and
some
famous
walks.
Rotorua
is
also
the
best
area
in
the
country
to
experience
and
learn
about
Maori
Culture.
Mt
Cook
National
Park
Mt
Cook
as
well
as
the
surrounding
area
is
an
alpine(高山的)
park
within
the
World
Heritage
listed
in
South
Westland.The
biggest
peaks
in
all
of
Australasia
are
here.The
park
doesn’t
contain
many
trees
or
plants
due
to
the
altitude.Walks
range
from
a
two?hour
walk
to
difficult
tracks
suitable
for
experienced
mountaineers
only.
A
helicopter
or
plane
ride
gives
visitors
excellent
views
of
the
mountains
with
the
option
of
landing
at
the
top
of
Tasman
Glacier，a
true
permanent
snow
covered
alpine
environment.
21．The
most
impressive
experience
in
Fiordland
National
Park
may
be
.
A．rock
climbs
B．forest
camps
C．water
jumps
D．boat
trips
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据Fiordland
National
Park部分第一段最后一句“Being
able
to
come
back
and
forth
in
its
deep
bay
attracts
most
of
the
visitors.”可推断出，在这个公园乘船游览可能是最令人印象深刻的体验。故选D。
22．If
you
are
interested
in
folk
customs，you
can
go
to
visit
.
A．Fiordland
National
Park
B．Rotorua
C．Mt
Cook
National
Park
D．Abel
Tasman
National
Park
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据Rotorua部分第二段可判断出，如果你对民间习俗感兴趣，你可以去Rotorua体验和学习。故选B。
23．If
you
go
to
visit
Mt
Cook
National
Park，you
can
.
A．view
some
amazing
waterfalls
B．enjoy
some
tropical
fruits
C．stop
on
the
top
of
Tasman
Glacier
D．take
walks
in
various
bushes
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，游客在那里可以停留在Tasman
Glacier的顶部。故选C。
24．What
do
the
four
attractions
have
in
common?
A．Great
beaches. B．Untouched
nature. C．Pleasant
climate. D．Famous
walks.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据Fiordland
National
Park部分第二段中的“The
area
has
some
of
the
world’s
great
walks
including
the
world
famous
Milford
Track
...”，Abel
Tasman
National
Park部分第二段中的“The
popular
Abel
Tasman
Walk
is
a
great
way
to
see
this
park.”，
Rotorua部分第一段中的“The
surrounding
area
contains
plenty
of
native
bushes
and
some
famous
walks.”和Mt
Cook
National
Park部分第一段中的“Walks
range
from
a
two?hour
walk
to
difficult
tracks
suitable
for
experienced
mountaineers
only.”可判断出，这四个旅游景点的共同之处在于都有很著名的徒步旅行路线。故选D。
B
We
love
the
sea.We
swim
into
it，live
near
it，build
beside
it，and
even
imagine
about
living
under
the
sea.But
we’re
terrified
of
it，too.For
much
of
our
history，we
have
turned
to
“hard
engineering”
to
control
the
marine(海洋)
environment
and
manage
its
influence
on
us.We
build
dams，sea
walls
and
channels.But
all
these
efforts
seem
to
fail.The
sea
has
a
habit
of
taking
back
its
own.And
we
suffer.
Johnston，a
marine
ecologist，is
advocating
for
“blue
engineering”—the
marine
version
of
the
“green
engineering”
movement
on
land
that
has
seen
nations
like
Singapore
building
the
walls
and
roofs
of
the
concrete
jungle
with
plant
life.
We
are
expanding
further
into
the
marine
environment.This
action
does
harm
to
marine
ecosystems.We’re
loving
the
sea
to
death，but
we’ve
not
been
thinking
about
the
design
of
structures(建筑物)
with
respect
to
ecology.Some
coastal
structures
create
shade，which
reduces
the
growth
of
seaweed.Bright
lights
at
night
confuse
species
such
as
turtles.That’s
why
blue
engineering
comes
in.
Throughout
the
world
people
are
starting
to
turn
things
around.Researchers
with
the
World
Harbour
Project
are
creating
tiles(瓦片)
similar
to
the
natural
structures
found
on
rocky
shores
with
3D
printing
technology.These
make
more
attractive
homes
for
marine
creatures.Researchers
are
also
actively
seeding
these
tiles
with
local
seaweeds
and
creatures
such
as
the
Sydney
rock
oyster，which
is
particularly
good
at
improving
water
quality.Twelve
harbours
around
the
world
are
taking
part
in
this
marine
tile
experiment，each
working
with
their
own
unique
marine
life.
It’s
far
from
the
days
when
huge
number
of
old
tyres
were
thrown
into
the
sea
to
build
“artificial
reef”(礁石)．Those
clumsy
early
attempts
are
now
costing
millions
to
remove，showing
just
how
far
we
have
yet
to
go
in
understanding
how
best
to
deal
with
the
underwater
world.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了引进“蓝色海洋工程”的原因以及如何实施这一工程。
25．What
do
we
know
about
“hard
engineering”？
A．It
has
improved
sea
environment.
B．It
can
control
the
influence
of
sea.
C．It
has
failed
to
achieve
its
purpose.
D．It
makes
living
under
sea
impossible.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。由第一段中的“We
build
dams，sea
walls
and
channels.But
all
these
efforts
seem
to
fail.The
sea
has
a
habit
of
taking
back
its
own.And
we
suffer.”可知，“hard
engineering”未能达到它的目的。故选C项。
26．Which
of
the
following
is
a
form
of
“blue
engineering”？
A．Constructing
buildings
with
plant
life.
B．Expanding
into
marine
environments.
C．Creating
an
artificial
reef
with
old
tyres.
D．Building
structures
benefiting
sea
creatures.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由第四段中的“Researchers
with
the
World
Harbour
Project
are
creating
tiles(瓦片)
similar
to
the
natural
structures
found
on
rocky
shores
with
3D
printing
technology.”可知，建造对海洋生物有益的结构是“蓝色工程”的一种形式。故选D项。
27．What
is
the
writer’s
feeling
towards
the
present
situation
of
marine
environment?
A．Relieved.
B．Doubtful.
C．Satisfied.
D．Disappointed.
答案 A
解析 观点态度题。由第四段第一句及最后一段第一句可推知，作者对海洋环境的现状感到宽慰。relieved宽慰的；doubtful不确定的；satisfied满意的；disappointed失望的。故选A项。
C
Just
a
couple
of
hours
ago，I
was
on
the
plane，ready
to
fly
home
from
London.The
flight
had
been
delayed
by
a
few
hours
so
it
felt
good
to
be
so
close
to
takeoff.I
had
my
iPod
in
place
and
a
new
book
to
read.Then，over
the
loudspeaker
came
the
pilot’s
voice：“The
ground
crew
has
found
a
metal
instrument
in
one
tire.We
regret
that
we
must
cancel
this
flight.”
The
passengers’
reactions
that
announcement
led
to
were
interesting.One
man
close
to
me
began
to
argue
with
a
flight
attendant.A
couple
in
another
row
complained
loudly.A
businessman
in
a
black
suit
actually
kicked
the
seat
in
front
of
him.Yet
some
passengers
responded
differently.An
elderly
gentleman
smiled
as
he
helped
others
take
their
bags
down
from
the
overhead
compartments(行李厢)．A
teenager，rather
than
trying
to
rush
off
the
plane
like
most
of
the
other
passengers，stopped
to
help
a
woman
with
a
disability.The
lady
sitting
next
to
me
laughed
and
said，“Hey，it’s
not
the
end
of
the
world，”
before
she
made
a
call
to
her
kids
and
shared
her
adventure
with
them.The
wisest
among
us
have
a
remarkable
ability
to
maintain
grounded
when
times
get
tough.
No
life
is
perfect；mine
certainly
isn’t.We
all
must
face
challenges，both
large
and
small.You
and
I
have
the
power
to
choose
to
rise
above
the
external
circumstances.We
always
have
the
choice
to
be
strong
and
kind
when
things
fall
apart.
That’s
grace
under
pressure.My
seatmate
was
right—things
could
have
been
so
much
worse.Anyway，I
am
safe.I
have
my
health.I
have
two
wonderful
children.I
have
work
I
love
and
so
much
to
be
grateful
for.Sure
I
now
have
to
wait
a
few
hours
to
catch
the
next
flight
home.
语篇解读 作者在本文中讲述了乘务员宣布航班取消时乘客们的不同反应，表达了在应对人生中的挑战和挫折时的正确态度。
28．What
caused
the
passengers’
different
reactions?
A．The
loudspeaker.
B．The
delay
of
the
flight.
C．The
ground
crew’s
fault.
D．The
pilot’s
announcement.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The
passengers’
reactions
that
announcement
led
to
were
interesting.”可知，是乘务员的通知导致人们的不同反应。故选D。
29．Who
turned
his
anger
on
the
seat?
A．The
teenager
helping
the
disabled.
B．The
old
man
taking
bags
down.
C．The
man
in
a
dark
suit.
D．The
man
close
to
me.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“A
businessman
in
a
black
suit
actually
kicked
the
seat
in
front
of
him.”可知，一个穿黑西服的商人把怒气发泄到座位上。故选C。
30．What
did
the
woman
sitting
next
to
the
author
do?
A．She
assisted
a
disabled
woman.
B．She
made
a
phone
call
to
her
family.
C．She
helped
others
carry
their
luggage.
D．She
told
moving
stories
to
her
children.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The
lady
sitting
next
to
me
laughed
and
said，‘Hey，it’s
not
the
end
of
the
world，’
before
she
made
a
call
to
her
kids
and
shared
her
adventure
with
them.”可知答案。
31．What
can
we
learn
from
the
story?
A．Our
life
is
full
of
ups
and
downs.
B．It
is
natural
to
be
scared
under
pressure.
C．We
should
help
each
other
in
times
of
difficulty.
D．We
should
be
positive
and
calm
when
life
is
hard.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，作者认为，在面对生活中的挫折和困难时，应该保持乐观和冷静的心态。故选D。
D
(2018·北京)
Plastic?Eating
Worms
Humans
produce
more
than
300
million
tons
of
plastic
every
year.Almost
half
of
that
winds
up
in
landfills(垃圾填埋场)，and
up
to
12
million
tons
pollute
the
oceans.So
far
there
is
no
effective
way
to
get
rid
of
it，but
a
new
study
suggests
an
answer
may
lie
in
the
stomachs
of
some
hungry
worms.
Researchers
in
Spain
and
England
recently
found
that
the
worms
of
the
greater
wax
moth
can
break
down
polyethylene，which
accounts
for
40%
of
plastics.The
team
left
100
wax
worms
on
a
commercial
polyethylene
shopping
bag
for
12
hours，and
the
worms
consumed
and
broke
down
about
92
milligrams，or
almost
3%
of
it.To
confirm
that
the
worms’
chewing
alone
was
not
responsible
for
the
polyethylene
breakdown，the
researchers
made
some
worms
into
paste(糊状物)
and
applied
it
to
plastic
films.14
hours
later
the
films
had
lost
13%
of
their
mass—apparently
broken
down
by
enzymes(酶)
from
the
worms’
stomachs.Their
findings
were
published
in
Current
Biology
in
2017.
Federica
Bertocchini，co?author
of
the
study，says
the
worms’
ability
to
break
down
their
everyday
food—beeswax—also
allows
them
to
break
down
plastic.“Wax
is
a
complex
mixture，but
the
basic
bond
in
polyethylene，the
carbon?carbon
bond，is
there
as
well，”
she
explains.“The
wax
worm
evolved
a
method
or
system
to
break
this
bond.”
Jennifer
DeBruyn，a
microbiologist
at
the
University
of
Tennessee，who
was
not
involved
in
the
study，says
it
is
not
surprising
that
such
worms
can
break
down
polyethylene.But
compared
with
previous
studies，she
finds
the
speed
of
breaking
down
in
this
one
exciting.The
next
step，DeBruyn
says，will
be
to
identify
the
cause
of
the
breakdown.Is
it
an
enzyme
produced
by
the
worm
itself
or
by
its
gut
microbes(肠道微生物)?
Bertocchini
agrees
and
hopes
her
team’s
findings
might
one
day
help
employ
the
enzyme
to
break
down
plastics
in
landfills.But
she
expects
using
the
chemical
in
some
kind
of
industrial
process—not
simply
“millions
of
worms
thrown
on
top
of
the
plastic.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一项科学发现：一种吃塑料的虫子——大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，从而为人们解决塑料污染问题提供新的途径。
32．What
can
we
learn
about
the
worms
in
the
study?
A．They
take
plastics
as
their
everyday
food.
B．They
are
newly
evolved
creatures.
C．They
can
consume
plastics.
D．They
wind
up
in
landfills.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“...found
that
the
worms
of
the
greater
wax
moth
can
break
down
polyethylene...”和第二句中的“the
worms
consumed
and
broke
down
about
92
milligrams”可知，研究人员在研究中发现大蜡螟蠕虫可以分解塑料中的聚乙烯，显然也可以分解垃圾中的塑料，与选项C中提到的“吃塑料”吻合。
33．According
to
Jennifer
DeBruyn，the
next
step
of
the
study
is
to
.
A．identify
other
means
of
the
breakdown
B．find
out
the
source
of
the
enzyme
C．confirm
the
research
findings
D．increase
the
breakdown
speed
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“The
next
step...Is
it
an
enzyme
produced
by
the
worm
itself
or
by
its
gut
microbes(肠道微生物)？”可知，接下来人们需要证实的就是酶是从哪里产生的。选项B
“查明酶的来源”与此吻合。
34．It
can
be
inferred
from
the
last
paragraph
that
the
chemical
might
.
A．help
to
raise
worms
B．help
make
plastic
bags
C．be
used
to
clean
the
oceans
D．be
produced
in
factories
in
future
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“But
she
expects
using
the
chemical
in
some
kind
of
industrial
process—not
simply
‘millions
of
worms...’”可知，研究人员期望在某种工业流程中使用这种化学制品，而不仅仅是把数百万的虫子扔到塑料上。这与选项D中提到的“今后工厂可能生产这种化学制品”吻合。
35．What
is
the
main
purpose
of
the
passage?
A．To
explain
a
study
method
on
worms.
B．To
introduce
the
diet
of
a
special
worm.
C．To
present
a
way
to
break
down
plastics.
D．To
propose
new
means
to
keep
eco?balance.
答案 C
解析 写作意图题。作者通过本文介绍了一项消除塑料垃圾的研究，显然是为人们提供了一条清除塑料垃圾的新途径。选项C与此意吻合。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2018·河南调研联考)
Solar
energy，which
comes
from
the
sun’s
rays，is
used
for
electricity，hot
water，and
cooking.
36
When
traveling
a
long
way
and
entering
the
earth’s
atmosphere
they
become
dilute(稀薄的)．Though
solar
energy
is
known
to
be
environmentally
friendly，it
has
not
only
some
advantages
but
also
some
disadvantages.
Let’s
start
with
the
simple
advantage
of
solar
energy.
37
To
make
electricity
or
heat
with
solar
energy
you
only
need
the
sun’s
rays
and
don’t
use
oil.Solar
energy
is
cheaper
compared
with
electric
heating.
38
If
you
live
in
a
faraway
area
where
there
are
no
power
lines，using
solar
energy
can
be
the
answer.
Even
though
all
of
the
above
is
very
useful，solar
energy
also
has
some
disadvantages.The
main
disadvantage
of
solar
energy
is
that
it’s
dilute.This
means
you
have
to
have
many
solar
collectors
fixed
around
your
house.
39
Another
disadvantage
is
that
solar
energy
can’t
be
produced
in
all
the
places.If
you’re
living
in
a
part
of
this
beautiful
planet
where
there
is
not
much
sunlight
then
using
solar
energy
could
be
a
problem.Of
course
if
you
live
in
desert
areas，the
sun
produces
much
sunshine
for
the
most
part
of
the
year
and
it
is
ideal
for
solar
energy
collecting.
40
Therefore
if
you
need
electricity
or
hot
water
during
the
night，like
many
of
us
do，it
can
be
a
problem.You’ll
need
battery
systems
that
can
store
solar
energy
for
later
use.
A．Solar
energy
is
clean.
B．The
sun
has
much
energy.
C．Lastly，the
sun
only
shines
during
the
day.
D．The
sun’s
rays
come
from
the
faraway
sun.
E．That
is
another
big
advantage
of
solar
energy.
F．Fixing
solar
energy
in
your
home
is
a
good
choice
for
you.
G．Solar
energy
may
be
cheap
but
the
solar
collectors
are
expensive.
36．答案 D
解析 根据后一句“When
traveling
a
long
way
and
entering
the
earth’s
atmosphere
they
become
dilute(稀薄的)．”可知，此处表达太阳的射线来自很远的地方。
37．答案 A
解析 根据本段的主题句可知此段主要讲述了太阳能的优点。根据后文“you
only
need
the
sun’s
rays
and
don’t
use
oil”可知，此处表达太阳能是清洁的。
38．答案 E
解析 根据前一句“Solar
energy
is
cheaper
compared
with
electric
heating.”可知，此处讲述了太阳能的另一个优点。
39．答案 G
解析 根据本段的主题句可知此段主要讲述了太阳能的缺点。再根据前一句“This
means
you
have
to
have
many
solar
collectors
fixed
around
your
house.”可知，此处表达太阳能虽然便宜，但太阳能接收器则很贵。
40．答案 C
解析 根据后一句“Therefore
if
you
need
electricity
or
hot
water
during
the
night，like
many
of
us
do，it
can
be
a
problem.”晚上需要热水和电时，就成了问题。所以此处表达太阳只在白天照射。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
While
driving
around
the
corner
of
our
townhouse，I
always
noticed
an
old
man
sitting
by
his
front
yard.He
seemed
cold
and
41
.One
morning，while
I
was
driving
past
him
with
my
daughter，I
decided
to
42
him.At
the
beginning，he
looked
43
and
looked
around—there
was
44
there.Then，I
saw
his
hand
go
up
45
and
he
waved
back
shyly.“Why
did
you
wave
at
him?
We
don’t
46
him，”
my
daughter
said.
I
told
her
that
it
was
just
an
act
of
kindness
that
didn’t
47
anything，and
it
gave
both
him
and
me
a
sense
of
48
.She
told
me
she
had
thought
waving
to
a
stranger
was
49
，but
next
time
she
would
50
it.It
seemed
not
bad.
Interestingly，we
lived
close
to
the
old
man，so
we
51
him
rather
often.Whenever
we
drove
by，both
of
us
would
wave
at
him
and，pretty
soon，the
old
man
52
waving
at
everyone
who
passed
by
his
home.
One
day，my
daughter’s
friend
came
to
visit
and
said
that
she
just
saw
a(n)
53
old
man
who
waved
at
her
in
a
54
way.She
mentioned
that
she
waved
back
at
him
55
she
didn’t
know
him，and
it
was
really
56
and
even
made
her
day.Upon
hearing
this，my
daughter
told
her
the
57
of
how
all
the
waving
began.Her
friend
responded，“Tell
your
mom
that’s
really
58
！”
Her
friend’s
response
taught
my
daughter
that
an
act
of
kindness
could
be
very
59
and
effortless
if
you
really
wanted
to
do
it.It
showed
us
how
giving
happiness
60
both
the
giver
and
the
receiver.
语篇解读 一对母女无意间一个善意的举止——招手，让一个冷漠孤寂的老人变得对人热情起来，并且带动了许多人传递这一善意的举止。
41．A.lonely
B．funny
C．busy
D．happy
答案 A
解析 lonely孤独的；funny滑稽的；busy忙碌的；happy快乐的。他看上去既冷漠又孤独。故选A。
42．A.smile
at
B．turn
to
C．wave
at
D．look
after
答案 C
解析 smile
at朝……微笑；turn
to转向；wave
at向……挥手；look
after照顾。根据下文的“Why
did
you
wave
at
him？”可知，此处应指“向他挥手”。故选C。
43．A.surprised
B．excited
C．worried
D．frightened
答案 A
解析 surprised吃惊的；excited兴奋的；worried担心的；frightened害怕的。开始的时候，他看起来很吃惊，环顾四周——那里没有什么人。故选A。
44．A.somebody
B．nobody
C．grass
D．snow
答案 B
解析 somebody某人；nobody没有人；grass草；snow雪。句意见上题。故选B。
45．A.bravely
B．proudly
C．secretly
D．slowly
答案 D
解析 bravely勇敢地；proudly骄傲地；secretly
秘密地；slowly缓慢地。然后，我看见他缓慢地抬起手，羞涩地挥手回应。故选D。
46．A.like
B．understand C．know
D．visit
答案 C
解析 like喜欢；understand理解；know
知道，认识；visit拜访。此处是女儿说：我们不认识他。故选C。
47．A.cost
B．get
C．lack
D．mean
答案 A
解析 cost损失，花费；get得到；lack缺少；mean意味着。我告诉她那只是一个善意的举动，并不会损失什么，而且能给我和他一种快乐的感觉。故选A。
48．A.importance
B．humor
C．joy
D．relief
答案 C
解析 importance重要性；humor幽默；joy快乐；relief宽慰，减缓。句意见上题。故选C。
49．A.interesting
B．wonderful
C．particular
D．embarrassing
答案 D
解析 interesting有趣的；wonderful极好的；particular尤其的；embarrassing尴尬的。她告诉我她以前认为向陌生人挥手是令人尴尬的。故选D。
50．A.avoid
B．try
C．remember
D．receive
答案 B
解析 avoid避免；try尝试；remember记得；receive接受。但是下次，她会试试(向陌生人挥手)。故选B。
51．A.praised
B．called
C．helped
D．saw
答案 D
解析 praise表扬；call称呼；help帮助；see看到。有意思的是，我们与这位老人住得很近，因此我们能经常看到他。故选D。
52．A.started
B．suggested
C．missed
D．forgot
答案 A
解析 start开始；suggest建议；miss思念，错过；forget忘记。不久，这位老人开始向每个经过他家的人挥手。故选A。
53．A.rich
B．strange
C．honest
D．clever
答案 B
解析 rich富裕的；strange陌生的；honest诚实的；clever聪明的。一天，我女儿的朋友来玩，说她刚刚看到一位向她友好地挥手的陌生老人。故选B。
54．A.special
B．normal
C．silly
D．friendly
答案 D
解析 special专门的；normal正常的；silly无聊的；friendly友好的。此处指“以一种友好的方式向她挥手”。故选D。
55．A.in
case
B．now
that
C．even
though
D．as
if
答案 C
解析 in
case以防；now
that既然；even
though尽管；as
if好像。她说尽管她不认识他，但她还是挥手回应了。故选C。
56．A.good
B．safe
C．necessary
D．fair
答案 A
解析 good好的；safe安全的；necessary必要的；fair公平的。此处指女儿的朋友感觉这真的很好，甚至让她很高兴。make
one’s
day让某人快乐/高兴。故选A。
57．A.task
B．plan
C．joke
D．story
答案 D
解析 task任务；plan计划；joke笑话；story故事。我女儿告诉了她这些挥手是如何开始的这个故事。故选D。
58．A.different
B．cool
C．simple
D．common
答案 B
解析 different不同的；cool极好的，绝妙的；simple简单的；common普通的。女儿的朋友听完故事后，感觉这样的善意的挥手很棒。故选B。
59．A.dangerous
B．useful
C．natural
D．hopeful
答案 C
解析 dangerous危险的；useful有用的；natural自然的；hopeful有希望的。她朋友的回应让我女儿明白，如果你真的想做的话，一个善意之举会是很自然的。故选C。
60．A.comforted
B．saved C．controlled
D．benefited
答案 D
解析 comfort安慰；save挽救；control控制；benefit使受益。这表明了给予快乐使给予者和接受者都受益。故选D。
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The
term
“eco?friendly”
is
used
to
describe
activities
which
are
good
for
the
environment.There
are
different
ways
in
61
activities
can
be
eco?
or
environmentally
friendly，from
producing
products
in
an
environmentally
friendly
way
to
62
(make)
lifestyle
changes
that
are
designed
to
benefit
the
environment.
People
take
part
in
eco?friendly
activities
because
they
are
63
(concern)
about
the
health
of
the
environment.Environmental
problems
first
64
(cause)
public
consciousness(意识)
in
the
late
1900s，when
people
realised
that
their
activities
were
having
65
bad
effect
on
the
environment.Pollution，overuse
of
66
(nature)
resources，and
other
activities
67
(consider)
to
be
hurting
the
environment，so
people
began
to
look
into
more
environmentally
friendly
ways
68
(live)
as
well
as
do
business.
It
was
the
belief
that
investing
in
green
product
development
would
pay
off
that
made
many
companies
make
changes.
69
a
result，eco?friendly
products
can
be
found
in
many
regions
of
the
world
today.These
products
are
70
(usual)
made
in
factories
which
are
environmentally
friendly，such
as
equipment
built
from
recycled
materials
which
are
also
good
for
the
environment.
语篇解读 本文讲述了由于人们环保意识的增强，一系列有关“环保”的举措及活动应运而生。
61．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰ways，且作介词in的宾语，故填which。
62．答案 making
解析 考查非谓语动词。设空处作介词to的宾语，且make所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生，故填making。
63．答案 concerned
解析 考查固定搭配。be
concerned
about意为“关心，挂念”。
64．答案 caused
解析 考查时态。由in
the
late
1900s
可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填caused。
65．答案 a
解析 考查固定搭配。have
a(n)
...effect
on
...意为“对……有……的影响”。
66．答案 natural
解析 考查形容词。设空处作定语修饰resources，意为“自然的”，故填natural。
67．答案 were
considered
解析 考查时态和语态。activities与consider之间是被动关系，且由语境可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填were
considered。
68．答案 to
live
解析 考查非谓语动词。设空处作后置定语修饰ways，way作“方法，途径”讲时后跟带to的不定式作定语，且people与live之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，live所表示的动作尚未发生，故填to
live。
69．答案 As
解析 考查固定搭配。as
a
result意为“结果”。
70．答案 usually
解析 考查副词。设空处作状语修饰are
made，故填副词usually。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Several
days
ago，mother
brought
home
little
cat.I
named
her
“Mimi”．She
is
black
all
over.Can
you
imagine
how
she
looks
like？Every
morning
she
gets
up
early
than
anyone
else.Then
she
climbs
on
my
bed
and
wake
me
up.When
we
are
having
our
meal，she
is
often
runs
under
the
table
and
even
climbs
onto
our
knees.She
seems
to
be
saying，“Let
me
join
you.I
want
nothing
to
eat.”
Mimi
likes
to
lie
on
the
sunshine.She
feels
comfortably
that
way.She
looks
lovely
when
doing
that.I
like
Mimi
very
much
so
she
brings
our
joy.
答案
Several
days
ago，mother
brought
home
little
cat.I
named
her
“Mimi”．She
is
black
all
over.Can
you
imagine
she
looks
like？Every
morning
she
gets
up
than
anyone
else.Then
she
climbs
on
my
bed
and
me
up.When
we
are
having
our
meal，she
is
often
runs
under
the
table
and
even
climbs
onto
our
knees.She
seems
to
be
saying，“Let
me
join
you.I
want
to
eat.”
Mimi
likes
to
lie
the
sunshine.She
feels
that
way.She
looks
lovely
when
doing
that.I
like
Mimi
very
much
she
brings
joy.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
请根据下列内容写一张100词左右的海报。
全球变暖问题越来越引起人们的关注，它所产生的严重后果也逐渐为人所知。为此，你校学生会特意邀请环保专家来校做讲座，专门就全球变暖问题产生的原因、危害，以及中学生应如何应对全球变暖问题等进行论述，并在演讲结束后回答同学们的提问。
时间：12月20日(星期四)，3：00－5：00
p．m.
地点：大礼堂(auditorium)
参考范文
POSTER
A
lecture
on
global
warming
organized
by
the
Students’
Union
of
our
school
will
be
given
in
the
auditorium
on
Thursday，December
20，from
3：00
to
5：00
p．m.An
expert
working
for
the
environment
will
give
a
lecture
on
the
causes
and
harmful
effects
of
global
warming.Besides，he
will
tell
us
middle
school
students
what
we
can
do
with
the
problem.At
the
end
of
the
speech，we
can
ask
him
any
question
concerning
global
warming.All
the
students
in
our
school
are
welcomed
to
attend
this
lecture.
The
Students’
UnionThe
Arctic
will
soon
be
free
from
ice，experts
say.The
change
is
sure
to
take
place，but
global
warming
and
climate
change
are
changing
the
earth’s
landscape(地形)
rapidly，causing
anxiety
worldwide.
Experts
say
that
the
Arctic
sea
ice
is
melting
quite
faster
than
expected
and
it
can
affect
not
just
the
region，but
Earth
in
general.A
scientist
even
says
that
next
year，or
maybe
the
year
after
that，the
Arctic
will
be
free
of
ice.
Peter
Wadhams，director
of
the
Scott
Polar
Institute
in
Cambridge，said，“Most
people
expect
this
year
will
see
a
record
low
in
the
Arctic’s
summer
sea
ice
cover.Next
year
or
the
year
after
that，I
think
it
will
be
free
of
ice
in
summer
and
by
that
I
mean
the
central
Arctic
will
be
ice?free.”
“You
will
be
able
to
cross
over
the
North
Pole
by
ship，”
he
added.
Wadhams’
study
says
that
melting
sea
ice
will
have
a
great
influence
on
the
planet
since
the
sea
ice
is
more
capable
of
reflecting(反射)
sunlight
compared
to
water
that
can
only
reflect
10%
of
the
sunlight.Once
the
sea
ice
melts，the
water
can
only
reflect
a
small
amount
of
sunlight.This
means
that
the
Earth
will
receive
and
absorb
more
sunlight，making
the
planet
even
hotter.
The
year
2016
had
already
broken
records
of
the
hottest
temperature
ever
recorded
and
the
trend
doesn’t
seem
to
show
any
decrease
in
global
warming.“It
doesn’t
look
like
the
ice
is
healing
and
growing
back，”
Tom
Wagner，NASA’s
manager
said
in
a
report.
Like
Wadhams，scientists
and
researchers
all
over
the
world
are
lecturing
around
to
educate
people
to
help
lighten
global
warming
that
has
already
changed
the
planet’s
landscape.
判断正(T)误(F)
1．The
speed
of
the
Arctic
sea
ice
being
melting
is
beyond
expectation.(T)
2．The
Arctic
won’t
be
free
from
ice
soon
because
of
global
warming
and
climate
change.(F)
Period
One Warming
Up
&
Reading—Pre?reading
匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思
[第一组]
1．consume
A．n.燃料
2．random
B．vi.同意；捐赠；订阅
3．phenomenon
C．vt.消费；消耗；耗尽
4．subscribe
D．adj.胡乱的；任意的
5．fuel
E．n.现象
答案 1.C 2.D 3.E 4.B 5.A
[第二组]
6．quantity
A．vt.反对；反抗
7．oppose
B．n.量；数量
8．state
C．n.大灾难；浩劫
9．trend
D．n.趋势；趋向；走向
10．catastrophe
E．vt.陈述；说明
答案 6.B 7.A 8.E 9.D 10.C
[第三组]
11．range
A．n.洪水；水灾
12．consequence
B．n.旱灾；干旱
13．mild
C．n.结果；后果；影响
14．flood
D．adj.温和的；温柔的；淡的
15．drought
E．n.种类；范围
答案 11.E 12.C 13.D 14.A 15.B
[第四组]
16．famine
A．vi.趋向；易于；vt.照顾；护理
17．data
B．n.资料；数据
18．byproduct
C．n.化石
19．tend
D．n.饥荒
20．fossil
E．n.副产品
答案 16.D 17.B 18.E 19.A 20.C
Skim
the
text
and
do
the
following
exercises.
1．This
article
may
be
from
.
A．an
environmental
magazine
B．a
diary
C．a
novel
D．a
story
答案 A
2．Find
out
the
main
idea
of
each
paragraph.
Para.1 A．the
cause
of
the
earth’s
becoming
warmer
Para.2 B．the
consequence
of
burning
fossil
fuels
Para.3 C．the
increase
of
carbon
dioxide
Para.4 D．global
warming
will
go
on
Para.5 E．puzzles
about
global
warming
Para.6 F．different
attitudes
to
global
warming
Para.7 G．an
introduction
to
the
passage
答案 Para.1：G Para.2：A Para.3：B Para.4：C Para.5：D Para.6：F Para.7：E
Read
the
text
carefully
and
choose
the
best
answer.
1．
made
accurate
measurements
of
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
atmosphere
from
1957
to
1997.
A．Dr
Janice
Foster
B．Charles
Keeling
C．George
Hambley
D．Sophie
Armstrong
答案 B
2．Some
scientists
like
George
Hambley
think
that
the
temperature
increase
will
.
A．cause
a
rise
of
several
metres
in
the
sea
level
B．cause
the
spread
of
diseases
and
the
disappearance
of
species
C．encourage
a
greater
range
of
animals
D．cause
severe
storms，floods，droughts
and
famines
答案 C
3．The
main
difference
between
Dr
Janice
Foster’s
theory
and
George
Hambley’s
lies
in
.
A．how
to
prevent
global
warming
B．what
causes
global
warming
C．whether
global
warming
would
cause
serious
problems
or
not
D．whether
the
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
have
increased
or
not
over
the
years
答案 C
4．Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE
according
to
the
text?
A．Greenhouse
gases
refer
to
some
byproducts
of
the
burning
of
fossil
fuels.
B．Global
warming
is
a
random
rather
than
natural
phenomenon.
C．The
temperature
in
the
last
century
increased
by
as
high
as
5
degrees.
D．Fewer
greenhouse
gases
will
gather
in
the
atmosphere.
答案 A
5．The
author
probably
agrees
that
.
A．actually
global
warming
is
good
for
man
B．we
should
do
nothing
about
global
warming
C．catastrophes
will
happen
if
the
globe
keeps
on
warming
D．a
lot
remains
to
be
found
out
about
the
effects
of
global
warming
答案 D
After
reading
the
passage，please
fill
in
the
following
blanks.
There
is
no
doubt
1.that
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer
and
that
2.it
is
human
activity
that
has
caused
this
global
warming.
Many
scientists
like
Dr
Janice
Foster
believe
that
people
have
caused
the
increase
in
the
earth’s
temperature
by
3.burning(burn)
fossil
fuels
like
coal，natural
gas
and
oil
to
produce
energy
whose
byproducts
4.are
called(call)
“greenhouse”
gases，the
most
important
one
5.being(be)
carbon
dioxide.These
gases
trap
heat
from
the
sun
and
therefore
warm
the
earth，without
6.which
the
earth
would
be
about
thirty?three
degrees
Celsius
7.cooler(cool)
than
it
is.But
increased
amount
of
extra
carbon
dioxide
means
that
more
heat
energy
is
trapped
in
the
atmosphere
8.causing(cause)
the
global
temperature
to
go
up.
9．On
the
other
hand，scientists
like
George
Hambley
believe
that
any
warming
will
be
mild
with
few
bad
environmental
consequences
and
more
carbon
dioxide
is
10.actually(actual)
a
positive
thing.
1．There
is
no
doubt
that
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer
(see
Graph
1)
and
that
it
is
human
activity
that
has
caused
this
global
warming
rather
than
a
random
but
natural
phenomenon.
[句式分析] 本句中There
is
no
doubt后接了两个that引导的并列的同位语从句；第二个同位语从句中it
is
human
activity
that
...phenomenon是一个强调句，强调了主语human
activity。
[自主翻译] 毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和(见图表1)，并且全球变暖是人类活动造成的，而不是随意的自然现象。
2．It
means
that
more
heat
energy
tends
to
be
trapped
in
the
atmosphere
causing
the
global
temperature
to
go
up.
[句式分析] 本句是一个复合句。that
引导一个宾语从句；causing
the
global
temperature
to
go
up
为现在分词短语作结果状语。
[自主翻译] 它意味着更多的热能将被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。
3．On
the
other
hand，there
are
those，like
George
Hambley，who
are
opposed
to
this
view
and
believe
that
we
should
not
worry
about
high
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
air.
[句式分析] 本句是一个复合句。there
are
those，like
George
Hambley是主句。who
are
opposed
to
this
view
and
believe
that
we
should
not
worry
about
high
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
air为who
引导的定语从句。该定语从句又分为两部分，由and
连接。are
opposed
to
this
view为一部分；believe
that
we
should
not
worry
about
high
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
air为另一部分，其中含有一个that引导的宾语从句。
[自主翻译] 另一方面，有一些科学家，像乔治·汉布利，反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
You
might
think
that
“global
warming”
means
nothing
more
than
a
rise
in
the
world’s
temperature.But
rising
sea
levels
caused
by
it
have
resulted
in
the
first
evacuation(撤离)
of
an
island
nation—the
citizens
of
Tuvalu
will
have
to
leave
their
homeland.
During
the
20th
century，sea
level
rose
8－12
inches.As
a
result，Tuvalu
has
experienced
lowland
flooding
of
salt
water
that
has
polluted
the
country’s
drinking
water.
Paani
Laupepa，a
Tuvaluan
government
official，reported
to
the
Earth
Policy
Institute
that
the
nation
suffered
an
unusually
high
number
of
fierce
storms
in
the
past
ten
years.Many
scientists
connect
higher
surface
water
temperatures
resulting
from
global
warming
to
greater
and
more
damaging
storms.
Laupepa
expressed
dissatisfaction
with
the
United
States
for
refusing
to
sign
the
Kyoto
Protocol，an
international
agreement
calling
for
industrialized
nations
to
reduce
their
greenhouse
gas
emissions，which
are
a
main
cause
of
global
warming.“By
refusing
to
sign
the
agreement，the
US
has
effectively
taken
away
the
freedom
of
future
generations
of
Tuvaluans
to
live
where
their
forefathers
have
lived
for
thousands
of
years，”
Laupepa
told
the
BBC.
Tuvalu
has
asked
Australia
and
New
Zealand
to
allow
the
gradual
move
of
its
people
to
both
countries.
Tuvalu
is
not
the
only
country
that
is
vulnerable(易受影响的)
to
rising
sea
levels.Maumoon
Gayoon，President
of
the
Maldives，told
the
United
Nations
that
global
warming
has
made
his
country
of
311,000
an
“endangered
nation”．
1．The
text
is
mainly
about
.
A．rapid
changes
in
the
earth’s
temperature
B．bad
effects
of
global
warming
C．moving
of
a
country
to
a
new
place
D．reasons
for
lowland
flooding
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。这篇短文主要讲述了全球变暖造成的恶劣影响。
2．According
to
scientists，the
DIRECT
cause
of
more
and
fiercer
storms
is
.
A．greenhouse
gas
emissions
in
industrialized
nations
B．higher
surface
water
temperatures
of
the
sea
C．continuous
global
warming
D．rising
sea
levels
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Many
scientists
connect
higher
surface
water
temperatures
resulting
from
global
warming
to
greater
and
more
damaging
storms.”可以推断出一些科学家认为造成严重的暴风雨的直接原因是海洋表面水温升高。
3．Laupepa
was
not
satisfied
with
the
United
States
because
it
did
not
.
A．agree
to
reduce
its
greenhouse
gas
emissions
B．sign
an
agreement
with
Tuvalu
C．allow
Tuvaluans
to
move
to
the
US
D．believe
the
problems
facing
Tuvalu
were
real
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句话可知，Laupepa对美国不满意的原因是美国拒绝签署减少导致温室效应气体排放的国际公约。
4．The
country
whose
situation
is
similar
to
that
of
Tuvalu
is
.
A．Australia
B．New
Zealand
C．the
Maldives
D．the
United
States
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段可推断出马尔代夫(the
Maldives)与图瓦卢的情况相似。
B
Our
world
has
been
greatly
affected
by
climate
change
and
it
is
important
that
people，young
and
old，work
together
to
fight
it.Perhaps
the
biggest
factor
is
the
action
of
our
children.That
is
why
I
think
it
is
important
that
children
today
learn
to
be
eco?friendly
at
a
young
age.
I
believe
the
nation
should
require
schools
to
have
a
class
about
being
“green”—Green
Living
could
be
its
name.Every
school
would
teach
students
about
global
warming，its
effects
and
what
they
can
do
to
reduce
their
carbon
footprint.
In
the
classes，students
could
be
assigned(分配)
to
find
solutions
to
everyday
energy
problems，while
learning
about
their
effects
on
the
earth
and
how
they
all
can
help.Students
would
be
encouraged
to
use
what
they
learned
in
class
at
home，where
it
would
affect
the
whole
family.
Too
many
think
that
global
warming
is
not
a
threat，but
it
is
one
of
our
biggest
problems.How
are
children
supposed
to
prevent
global
warming
if
they
grow
up
not
knowing
about
its
dangers？Children
should
be
exposed
to
ways
they
can
help
in
elementary
school，which
is
why
it
is
important
that
more
schools
offer
environmental
education
classes.
However，to
be
effective，schools
must
take
steps
to
be
“green”
too.What
would
children
be
learning
if
the
school’s
lights
were
always
left
on
and
there
were
no
recycling
bins？When
schools
are
rebuilt
or
new
ones
are
built，towns
should
support
an
eco?friendly
design
that
would
save
energy
and
reduce
power
bills.
Green
living
and
green
schools
are
part
of
a
new
wave
that
should
be
sweeping
the
nation，but
is
not.How
will
our
future
leaders
respond
after
years
of
living
in
a
community
where
preserving
our
world’s
natural
integrity(完整性)
just
isn’t
considered
important？Schools
and
the
government
should
be
responsible
for
teaching
young
people
about
global
warming
quickly.Seriously，how
many
people
does
it
take
to
screw
in
a
fluorescent
light(荧光灯)
bulb?
5．In
“green
living”
class，children
will
.
A．learn
the
ways
to
save
energy
B．be
asked
to
find
solutions
to
global
warming
C．be
encouraged
to
experiment
with
their
effects
on
the
earth
D．help
reduce
the
carbon
footprint
of
their
friends
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，学生在课堂上可以学到节能的方法。
6．More
schools
offer
environmental
education
classes
to
make
children
.
A．realize
that
global
warming
is
not
a
threat
B．help
to
solve
global
warming
from
an
early
age
C．treat
global
warming
as
one
of
the
biggest
problems
D．know
about
the
danger
of
preventing
global
warming
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。结合第四段最后一句可知，学校提供环境教育课的原因是使孩子们在很早就可以接触到解决气候变暖的方法。
7．What
steps
can
be
considered
to
be
green?
A．The
towns
should
be
designed
in
an
eco?friendly
way.
B．Schools
should
be
enlarged
to
save
energy.
C．Turn
off
the
school’s
lights
when
everyone
leaves.
D．Recycling
bins
should
be
new
ones
at
school.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“What
would
children
be
learning
if
the
school’s
lights
were
always
left
on
and
there
were
no
recycling
bins？”可知，当教室里没人时，把灯关掉就是使学校“绿色化”的举措之一。
8．What
might
be
the
most
suitable
title
for
the
passage?
A．Green
Living
B．Online
Living
C．Modern
Living
D．School
Living
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。本文主要论述了学校应教育孩子们从很小就了解绿色生活、气候变暖方面的知识，从而在将来可以更好地解决气候变暖的问题。故A项“绿色生活”作标题最合适。
C
People
need
to
seek
out
new
foods
because
the
world
has
so
many
mouths
to
feed.As
of
2017，there
were
more
than
seven
billion
people
on
the
Earth，according
to
the
United
Nations.And
by
2100
that
number
may
double.Feeding
all
of
these
people
means
not
only
improving
the
way
foods
are
grown，but
also
finding
new
sources
of
nutrition(营养)．
And
that
quest
is
becoming
ever
more
urgent.If
nothing
changes，within
35
years，the
world’s
appetite(胃口)
will
be
greater
than
the
amount
of
foods
produced.That’s
according
to
a
report
published
last
year.It
was
prepared
by
the
Global
Harvest
Initiative，a
private
agriculture
group
based
in
Washington，D.C.
Global
warming，too，is
changing
food
production.Scientists
predict
that
rising
temperatures
will
reduce
the
growth
of
important
crops
like
wheat，corn
and
soybeans.Low?income
developing
countries
will
be
hit
hardest.When
harvests
fall，crops
become
more
expensive.And
since
those
foods
are
also
used
to
feed
animals
like
cows
and
pigs，meat
prices
will
rise
too.
All
over
the
world，researchers
are
racing
against
the
clock
to
figure
out
how
best
to
feed
more
people
in
a
fast?changing
world.And
some
surprising
ideas
have
begun
to
come
up.Two
years
ago，scientists
introduced
the
first
burger
made
from
meat
grown
in
a
lab.The
project
cost
more
than
300,000，but
it’s
a
start.Other
researchers
are
developing
seeds
that
can
survive
high
temperatures
and
drought.Still
others
are
finding
ways
to
improve
the
genes
of
meat
animals
so
they
can
produce
more
meat
and
can
stand
the
heat.A
gloomy(悲观的)
forecast
for
the
planet
isn’t
the
only
reason
to
study
foods
for
the
future.It’s
a
creative
quest
that
will
inspire
people
who
can
think
in
new
ways
about
existing
plants
and
animals.These
researchers
have
used
their
talents
in
ways
that
even
they
never
would
have
predicted.
语篇解读 本文主要讲述了在全球变暖的环境下，人们应如何应对日益膨胀的人口的温饱问题。
9．What
does
the
underlined
part
“that
quest”
in
Paragraph
2
refer
to?
A．The
research
on
foods.
B．The
increase
of
population.
C．The
variety
of
nutrition.
D．The
change
of
appetite.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句及下文中对食物的研究可知，画线词指对食物的研究。
10．How
does
global
warming
affect
low?income
developing
countries?
A．By
increasing
the
production
of
crops.
B．By
improving
sources
of
nutrition.
C．By
reducing
the
growth
of
crops.
D．By
leading
to
the
high
cost
of
life.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，气温上升将引起农作物的减产，从而导致农作物价格上涨，进而肉类价格上涨，最终会导致人们生活成本增加。故选D。
11．What
is
mainly
talked
about
in
Paragraph
4?
A．New
ways
of
farming.
B．Some
great
researchers.
C．Progress
in
food
research.
D．Achievements
in
lab
experiments.
答案 C
解析 段落大意题。根据第四段的内容，尤其是第二句“And
some
surprising
ideas
have
begun
to
come
up.”可推知，本段主要讲述了食物研究方面的进步。
12．What
will
be
discussed
in
the
following
paragraph?
A．Examples
of
successful
food
researchers.
B．Different
opinions
about
the
future
foods.
C．Methods
of
dealing
with
global
warming.
D．Possibilities
of
feeding
the
present
population.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“These
researchers
have
used
their
talents
in
ways
that
even
they
never
would
have
predicted.”可推知，下文会举一些成功的食物研究者的例子。
Ⅱ.七选五
April
22nd
every
year
marks
the
start
of
Earth
Day，a
day
that
is
celebrated
every
year
to
raise
awareness(意识)
about
our
home
planet
and
how
we
can
save
it
from
being
damaged.
13
·Green
up
your
home
This
is
one
of
the
most
common
things
that
people
do
whenever
Earth
Day
rolls
around；that
is，switch
off
their
lights.
14
Conserve(节约)
energy
by
switching
off
all
power
of
electricity
points
whenever
they
are
not
on
use.In
addition，take
out
all
the
plugs(插头)
from
plug
points
even
after
switching
them
off.
·
15
Cars，being
the
greatest
source
of
air
pollution，can
be
left
at
home
this
weekend.
16
Other
greener
choices
are
carpooling，riding
a
bike
or
you
can
also
walk
if
you
want
a
healthier
choice
and
if
your
workplace
is
not
that
far
away
from
your
home.
·Be
a
little
dirty
No，we
don’t
mean
it
“that
way”．We
simply
mean
to
say，don’t
take
a
bath.Yes，saving
water
is
super
important.A
day
or
two
without
a
bath
won’t
harm
you，but
it
will
certainly
do
a
lot
of
good
for
our
planet.A
daily
shower
isn’t
a
matter
of
health；it’s
a
matter
of
comfort.
17
The
future
of
our
planet
is
in
your
hands!
A．Leave
your
cars
at
home.
B．Traveling
by
public
transport
is
a
better
choice.
C．Below，we
have
made
a
list
of
things
you
can
do
to
celebrate
Earth
Day.
D．Showering
every
day
can
wash
away
the
natural
oils
that
our
skin
and
hair
need.
E．However，this
is
not
something
you
should
do
just
for
a
day
or
for
only
an
hour.
F．Started
in
the
year
1970，Earth
Day
is
now
celebrated
in
more
than
190
countries
each
year.
G．Do
something
every
day
that
will
improve
your
surroundings
to
make
the
planet
a
better
place
to
live.
语篇解读 众所周知，每年的4月22日是地球日。这是一个能让我们关注地球家园、珍惜并保护它免遭人类行为反复破坏的日子。本文列举了几项便于人们实践的地球日活动。
13．答案 C
解析 根据上文“每年的4月22日是地球日。这是一个能让我们关注地球家园并保护它免遭破坏的日子”，再根据下文提到的关注地球家园所采取的措施，可知此空是一个承上启下的句子，根据句意可知选C项“下面我们列举了为庆祝地球日你能做的几项活动”。
14．答案 E
解析 根据上文“每到地球日，很多人都会不约而同选择做这件事：关灯”，再根据空格下句“为了节省能源，我们应该随时关闭所有不在使用当中的用电设施”，可知此空的意思应该是：然而，这不应该只是你在这一天或这一小时做的事。故选E项。
15．答案 A
解析 此空是一个小标题。根据小标题的特点和下文内容，可知A项符合题意。
16．答案 B
解析 根据下文“其他绿色出行方式还包括拼车、骑行；如果你的工作地点离家不远的话，并且你想有个更健康的选择，你可以步行”，可知此处应该再提到一种绿色出行方式，根据句意可知选B项“公共交通其实是一种更好的选择”。
17．答案 D
解析 根据上句“每天冲澡与健康无关，其实只是为了舒服而已”，可知此处意思应该是：每天洗澡还会冲掉我们皮肤上天然的油脂，而这些油脂其实是皮肤和头发需要的。故选D项。Period
Five Writing—Persuasive
writing：poster
本单元要求写一则海报。海报属于应用文，它是向大众发布某种消息的布告，内容多是大众喜闻乐见的消息，如影讯、展览、演出信息、友谊赛等。
一、基本结构
海报一般由标题、正文和落款三部分组成。
1．标题
海报的标题写法较多，可单独在第一行中间写上“海报”字样；可直接用活动的内容做题目，如“舞讯”“影讯”“球讯”等；也可用一些描述性的文字，如“×××再显风采”。
2．正文
海报的正文部分要用简洁的文字写清楚活动的目的和意义，活动的主要项目、时间、地点、参加的具体方法及一些必要的注意事项等。
3．落款
海报要求署上主办单位的名称及海报的发文日期。
二、注意事项
1．正确使用人称、时态和语态。人称应该用第三人称(邀请性的语句用第二人称)；时态多为一般现在时。
2．海报一定要真实具体地写明活动的时间、地点及主要内容。
3．注意海报的语言特征。海报文字要求简洁明了；篇幅要短小精悍。文中可以用些鼓动性的词语，但不可夸大事实。
1．Green
food
is
safe
and
healthy
for
you
and
all
the
family.
对于你和你的家人来说，绿色食品是安全和健康的。
2．Eating
green
food
is
an
important
step
on
the
road
to
staying
fit
and
healthy.
吃绿色食品是保持健康的重要一步。
3．In
order
to
answer
the
call
of
“Protecting
the
Environment”，we
decide
to
organize
an
activity
in
our
school.
为了响应“保护环境”的号召，我们决定在我们学校组织一次活动。
4．We
will
take
action
to
make
our
school
more
beautiful.
我们将采取行动把我们的学校变得更加美丽。
5．We
will
clean
our
school
and
pick
up
all
the
rubbish.
我们将打扫校园，捡拾垃圾。
6．We
shall
have
a
speech
competition
on
environmental
protection.
我们将举行环保演讲比赛。
7．Our
activity
will
begin
at
8
on
the
morning
of
November
10
in
our
school.
我们的活动将于11月10日上午八点在学校举行。
8．Every
student
is
welcomed
to
join
us!
欢迎大家积极参与！
假如你是你们学校的学生会主席。请根据以下信息，为你校将要举办的一场篮球友谊赛写一则100词左右的英语海报。
·参赛球队：来自美国的约克篮球队和本校校队；
·比赛时间：11月24日下午；
·比赛地点：学校体育馆；
·赛后幸运的学生可以得到本场比赛用的篮球作为纪念。
参考词汇：作为纪念as
a
souvenir
审题
1．确定体裁：本文为海报；
2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第三人称；
3．确定时态：本文主要时态应用一般将来时。
谋篇
第一部分：海报的主要内容及活动的时间和地点。
第二部分：活动的特点。
第三部分：发出邀请。
必备词汇
1．将要有……There
is
going
to
be
...
2．一场篮球友谊赛a
friendly
basketball
match
3．举行hold
4．据说……be
said
to...
5．令人紧张的tense
关键句式
1．来自美国的约克篮球队和我们校校队之间将要有一场篮球友谊赛。
There
is
going
to
be
a
friendly
basketball
match
between
American
York
Basketball
Team
and
our
school
team.
2．这场篮球赛将于11月24日下午在学校体育馆举行。
This
basketball
match
will
be
held
in
our
school
gym
on
the
afternoon
of
November
24.
3．据说两队之间的比赛将会十分紧张，令人兴奋。
It
is
said
that
the
competition
between
the
two
teams
will
be
tense
and
exciting.
4．最幸运的学生比赛后可以得到本场比赛用的篮球作为纪念。
The
luckiest
student
can
keep
the
basketball
which
is
used
in
this
match
as
a
souvenir
after
the
match.
5．欢迎所有的人去观看比赛。
All
of
you
are
welcome
to
the
match.
句式升级
1．用非限制性定语从句连接句1和句2。
There
is
going
to
be
a
friendly
basketball
match
between
American
York
Basketball
Team
and
our
school
team，which
will
be
held
in
our
school
gym
on
the
afternoon
of
November
24.
2．用be
said
to的形式改写句3。
The
competition
between
the
two
teams
is
said
to
be
tense
and
exciting.
3．用非谓语作后置定语改写句4。
The
luckiest
student
can
keep
the
basketball
used
in
this
match
as
a
souvenir
after
the
match.
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇100词左右的英语短文。
参考范文
A
Friendly
Basketball
Match
There
is
going
to
be
a
friendly
basketball
match
between
American
York
Basketball
Team
and
our
school
team，which
will
be
held
in
our
school
gym
on
the
afternoon
of
November
24.
The
competition
between
the
two
teams
is
said
to
be
tense
and
exciting.Besides，the
luckiest
student
can
keep
the
basketball
used
in
this
match
as
a
souvenir
after
the
match.
All
of
you
are
welcome
to
the
match.
The
Students’
Union(共25张PPT)
Global
warming
Unit
4
The
Arctic
will
soon
be
free
from
ice，experts
say.The
change
is
sure
to
take
place，but
global
warming
and
climate
change
are
changing
the
earth’s
landscape(地形)
rapidly，causing
anxiety
worldwide.
Experts
say
that
the
Arctic
sea
ice
is
melting
quite
faster
than
expected
and
it
can
affect
not
just
the
region，but
Earth
in
general.A
scientist
even
says
that
next
year，or
maybe
the
year
after
that，the
Arctic
will
be
free
of
ice.
话题导入
Peter
Wadhams，director
of
the
Scott
Polar
Institute
in
Cambridge，said，“Most
people
expect
this
year
will
see
a
record
low
in
the
Arctic’s
summer
sea
ice
cover.Next
year
or
the
year
after
that，I
think
it
will
be
free
of
ice
in
summer
and
by
that
I
mean
the
central
Arctic
will
be
ice-free.”
“You
will
be
able
to
cross
over
the
North
Pole
by
ship，”
he
added.
Wadhams’
study
says
that
melting
sea
ice
will
have
a
great
influence
on
the
planet
since
the
sea
ice
is
more
capable
of
reflecting(反射)
sunlight
compared
to
water
that
can
only
reflect
10%
of
the
sunlight.Once
the
sea
ice
melts，the
water
can
only
reflect
a
small
amount
of
sunlight.This
means
that
the
Earth
will
receive
and
absorb
more
sunlight，making
the
planet
even
hotter.
The
year
2016
had
already
broken
records
of
the
hottest
temperature
ever
recorded
and
the
trend
doesn’t
seem
to
show
any
decrease
in
global
warming.“It
doesn’t
look
like
the
ice
is
healing
and
growing
back，”
Tom
Wagner，NASA’s
manager
said
in
a
report.
Like
Wadhams，scientists
and
researchers
all
over
the
world
are
lecturing
around
to
educate
people
to
help
lighten
global
warming
that
has
already
changed
the
planet’s
landscape.
判断正(T)误(F)
1.The
speed
of
the
Arctic
sea
ice
being
melting
is
beyond
expectation.(
)
2.The
Arctic
won’t
be
free
from
ice
soon
because
of
global
warming
and
climate
change.(
)
查看答案
T
F
PART
1
读前清障
PART
2
课文理解
Period
One Warming
Up
&
Reading—Pre-reading
PART
1
读前清障
1.consume
A.n.燃料
2.random
B.vi.同意；捐赠；订阅
3.phenomenon
C.vt.消费；消耗；耗尽
4.subscribe
D.adj.胡乱的；任意的
5.fuel
E.n.现象
查看答案
匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思
[第一组]
6.quantity
A.vt.反对；反抗
7.oppose
B.n.量；数量
8.state
C.n.大灾难；浩劫
9.trend
D.n.趋势；趋向；走向
10.catastrophe
E.vt.陈述；说明
查看答案
[第二组]
11.range
A.n.洪水；水灾
12.consequence
B.n.旱灾；干旱
13.mild
C.n.结果；后果；影响
14.flood
D.adj.温和的；温柔的；淡的
15.drought
E.n.种类；范围
[第三组]
查看答案
16.famine
A.vi.趋向；易于；vt.照顾；护理
17.data
B.n.资料；数据
18.byproduct
C.n.化石
19.tend
D.n.饥荒
20.fossil
E.n.副产品
查看答案
[第四组]
PART
2
课文理解
Step
1 Fast-reading
Skim
the
text
and
do
the
following
exercises.
1.This
article
may
be
from
.
A.an
environmental
magazine
B.a
diary
C.a
novel
D.a
story
查看答案
√
2.Find
out
the
main
idea
of
each
paragraph.
Para.1
A.the
cause
of
the
earth’s
becoming
warmer
Para.2
B.the
consequence
of
burning
fossil
fuels
Para.3
C.the
increase
of
carbon
dioxide
Para.4
D.global
warming
will
go
on
Para.5
E.puzzles
about
global
warming
Para.6
F.different
attitudes
to
global
warming
Para.7
G.an
introduction
to
the
passage
查看答案
Step
2 Careful-reading
Read
the
text
carefully
and
choose
the
best
answer.
1.
made
accurate
measurements
of
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
atmosphere
from
1957
to
1997.
A.Dr
Janice
Foster
B.Charles
Keeling
C.George
Hambley
D.Sophie
Armstrong
查看答案
√
2.Some
scientists
like
George
Hambley
think
that
the
temperature
increase
will
.
A.cause
a
rise
of
several
metres
in
the
sea
level
B.cause
the
spread
of
diseases
and
the
disappearance
of
species
C.encourage
a
greater
range
of
animals
D.cause
severe
storms，floods，droughts
and
famines
查看答案
√
3.The
main
difference
between
Dr
Janice
Foster’s
theory
and
George
Hambley’s
lies
in
.
A.how
to
prevent
global
warming
B.what
causes
global
warming
C.whether
global
warming
would
cause
serious
problems
or
not
D.whether
the
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
have
increased
or
not
over
the
years
查看答案
√
4.Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE
according
to
the
text?
A.Greenhouse
gases
refer
to
some
byproducts
of
the
burning
of
fossil
fuels.
B.Global
warming
is
a
random
rather
than
natural
phenomenon.
C.The
temperature
in
the
last
century
increased
by
as
high
as
5
degrees.
D.Fewer
greenhouse
gases
will
gather
in
the
atmosphere.
查看答案
√
5.The
author
probably
agrees
that
.
A.actually
global
warming
is
good
for
man
B.we
should
do
nothing
about
global
warming
C.catastrophes
will
happen
if
the
globe
keeps
on
warming
D.a
lot
remains
to
be
found
out
about
the
effects
of
global
warming
查看答案
√
Step
3 Post-reading
After
reading
the
passage，please
fill
in
the
following
blanks.
There
is
no
doubt
1.
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer
and
that
2.
is
human
activity
that
has
caused
this
global
warming.
Many
scientists
like
Dr
Janice
Foster
believe
that
people
have
caused
the
increase
in
the
earth’s
temperature
by
3.
(burn)
fossil
fuels
like
coal，natural
gas
and
oil
to
produce
energy
whose
byproducts
4.
(call)
“greenhouse”
gases，the
most
important
one
5.
(be)
carbon
dioxide.
that
it
are
called
being
查看答案
burning
These
gases
trap
heat
from
the
sun
and
therefore
warm
the
earth，without
6.
the
earth
would
be
about
thirty-three
degrees
Celsius
7.
(cool)
than
it
is.But
increased
amount
of
extra
carbon
dioxide
means
that
more
heat
energy
is
trapped
in
the
atmosphere
8.
(cause)
the
global
temperature
to
go
up.
9.
the
other
hand，scientists
like
George
Hambley
believe
that
any
warming
will
be
mild
with
few
bad
environmental
consequences
and
more
carbon
dioxide
is
10.
(actual)
a
positive
thing.
which
cooler
causing
actually
查看答案
On
Step
4 Sentence-learning
1.There
is
no
doubt
that
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer
(see
Graph
1)
and
that
it
is
human
activity
that
has
caused
this
global
warming
rather
than
a
random
but
natural
phenomenon.
[句式分析] 本句中There
is
no
doubt后接了两个that引导的并列的同位语从句；第二个同位语从句中it
is
human
activity
that
...phenomenon是一个强调句，强调了主语human
activity。
[自主翻译] ________________________________________________________
___________________________________
查看答案
毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和(见图表1)，并且全球变暖是人类活动造成的，而不是随意的自然现象。
2.It
means
that
more
heat
energy
tends
to
be
trapped
in
the
atmosphere
causing
the
global
temperature
to
go
up.
[句式分析] 本句是一个复合句。that
引导一个宾语从句；causing
the
global
temperature
to
go
up
为现在分词短语作结果状语。
[自主翻译] ________________________________________________________
查看答案
它意味着更多的热能将被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。
3.On
the
other
hand，there
are
those，like
George
Hambley，who
are
opposed
to
this
view
and
believe
that
we
should
not
worry
about
high
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
air.
[句式分析] 本句是一个复合句。there
are
those，like
George
Hambley是主句。who
are
opposed
to
this
view
and
believe
that
we
should
not
worry
about
high
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
air为who
引导的定语从句。该定语从句又分为两部分，由and
连接。are
opposed
to
this
view为一部分；believe
that
we
should
not
worry
about
high
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
air为另一部分，其中含有一个that引导的宾语从句。
[自主翻译] ________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
另一方面，有一些科学家，像乔治·汉布利，反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。
查看答案(共11张PPT)
单元知识回顾——默写练习(三)
Unit
4 Global
warming
Ⅰ.单元知识回顾(共30小题；每题2分，满分60分)
1.写出与come有关的短语
(1)发生；造成___________
(2)出版；结果是；出来；开花_________
(3)发芽；开始；走近；被提出_________
(4)想出____________
2.写出与quantity有关的短语
(1)大量的_______________________
(2)大量地___________________________
查看答案
come
about
come
out
come
up
come
up
with
a
quantity
of/quantities
of
in
quantity/in
large
quantities
3.写出与tend/tendency有关的短语
(1)易于做某事；倾向于做某事_____________
(2)喜欢做某事；倾向于做某事________________________
4.写出与result有关的短语
(1)产生，导致________
(2)由于；由……造成___________
(3)结果，因此__________
(4)作为……的结果；因为……
_____________
tend
to
do
sth.
have
a
tendency
to
do
sth.
result
in
result
from
as
a
result
as
a
result
of
查看答案
5.写出与consequence有关的短语
(1)结果；因此_______________________________
(2)由于……的缘故___________________________________
6.写出与range有关的短语
(1)超出某人的范围__________________
(2)从A到B变动_________________
7.写出与glance有关的短语
(1)浏览，扫一眼_________
(2)粗略地看一下……
_________________________
(3)乍一看；乍看之下______________
查看答案
as
a
consequence＝in
consequence
as
a
consequence
of＝in
consequence
of
out
of
one’s
range
range
from
A
to
B
glance
at
take/give/have
a
glance
at...
at
first
glance
8.写出与average有关的短语
(1)高/低于平均水平________________________
(2)平均；一般地___________________
9.代表或代替某人；为了某人的利益________________________________
10.有影响；起(重要)作用_________________
11.写出与put有关的短语
(1)收起来__________
(2)记下；镇压__________
(3)提出；把……拨快____________
(4)忍受；容忍___________
查看答案
above/below
(the)
average
on
(the/an)
average
on
behalf
of
sb.
＝on
sb.
’s
behalf
make
a
difference
put
away
put
down
put
up
with
put
forward
12.无论如何都不，决不(放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装)_____________
_____________
13.写出与contribution/contribute有关的短语
(1)为(做)某事作出贡献___________________________________________
(2)为……作贡献；有助于；促成____________
查看答案
under/in
no
circumstances
make
a
contribution/contributions
to
(doing)
sth.
contribute
to
Ⅱ.完成句子(共5小题；每题4分，满分20分)
14.Standards
in
health
care
have
improved
enormously
___________________
.
与40年前相比，医疗保健的水平得到了极大的提高。
15.
my
brothers
can
remember
hours
spent
cleaning
the
house.
毫无疑问，我的兄弟们能记住打扫房间所花的时间。
16.
your
goal，you
have
a
much
higher
chance
of
success.
只要你对你的目标有直接的控制，你就有更高的成功概率。
查看答案
when
compared
to
40
years
ago
There
is
no
doubt
that
As
long
as
you
have
direct
control
over
17.
I
realized
this
program
was
so
powerful.
就在那一刻，我意识到这个项目是如此的强大。
18.
，we
should
maintain
our
contact.
即使我们不能取得一致，我们也要保持联系。
查看答案
It
was
at
that
moment
that
Even
if
we
cannot
agree
Ⅲ.知识运用于语境(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)
Refresh
Our
Environment
As
the
director
stated
on
behalf
of
his
researching
group，the
data
of
this
graph
makes
a
clear
19.
(present)
of
the
future
environmental
tendency.On
one
hand，the
quantity
of
fuel
keeps
on
20.
(decrease)
by
9%
per
year
while
the
growth
of
a
wide
range
of
pollution
has
been
a
global
trend.On
the
other
hand，the
mildly
but
steadily
going
21.
of
the
average
temperature
is
resulting
in
catastrophes
like
widespread
floods.Without
disagreement，they
subscribe
to
the
view
22.
it
is
humans’
existence
and
their
randomly
consuming
energy
that
result
in
this
phenomenon.
查看答案
presentation
decreasing
up
that
Many
people
have
a
commitment
that
23.
(develop)
nuclear
power
or
energy
from
outer
space
will
stop
bad
consequences
coming
about.
However，scientists
and
educators
24.
(oppose)
to
this
view
even
if
our
needs
may
be
met
on
the
whole.They
tend
25.
(advocate)
refreshing
our
circumstances
by
saving
energy
and
recycling
waste.26.
is
suggested
that
we
use
energy?saving
appliances
such
as
electrical
motors，microwaves
and
so
on
and
not
be
27.
(casually)
about
little
things
like
recycling
a
can.So
please
glance
around
and
see
what
you
can
do.So
long
28.___
everybody
makes
a
contribution，we
will
not
have
to
put
up
with
this
problem
anymore.
as
developing
are
opposed
to
advocate
It
casual
查看答案(共19张PPT)
Global
warming
Unit
4
PART
1
技法点拨
PART
2
写作训练
Period
Five Writing—Persuasive
writing：poster
PART
1
技法点拨
文体分析
把握写作动脉
本单元要求写一则海报。海报属于应用文，它是向大众发布某种消息的布告，内容多是大众喜闻乐见的消息，如影讯、展览、演出信息、友谊赛等。
一、基本结构
海报一般由标题、正文和落款三部分组成。
1.标题
海报的标题写法较多，可单独在第一行中间写上“海报”字样；可直接用活动的内容做题目，如“舞讯”“影讯”“球讯”等；也可用一些描述性的文字，如“×××再显风采”。
◆写作指导
2.正文
海报的正文部分要用简洁的文字写清楚活动的目的和意义，活动的主要项目、时间、地点、参加的具体方法及一些必要的注意事项等。
3.落款
海报要求署上主办单位的名称及海报的发文日期。
二、注意事项
1.正确使用人称、时态和语态。人称应该用第三人称(邀请性的语句用第二人称)；时态多为一般现在时。
2.海报一定要真实具体地写明活动的时间、地点及主要内容。
3.注意海报的语言特征。海报文字要求简洁明了；篇幅要短小精悍。文中可以用些鼓动性的词语，但不可夸大事实。
1.Green
food
is
safe
and
healthy
for
you
and
all
the
family.
对于你和你的家人来说，绿色食品是安全和健康的。
2.Eating
green
food
is
an
important
step
on
the
road
to
staying
fit
and
healthy.
吃绿色食品是保持健康的重要一步。
3.In
order
to
answer
the
call
of
“Protecting
the
Environment”，we
decide
to
organize
an
activity
in
our
school.
为了响应“保护环境”的号召，我们决定在我们学校组织一次活动。
4.We
will
take
action
to
make
our
school
more
beautiful.
我们将采取行动把我们的学校变得更加美丽。
◆常用表达
5.We
will
clean
our
school
and
pick
up
all
the
rubbish.
我们将打扫校园，捡拾垃圾。
6.We
shall
have
a
speech
competition
on
environmental
protection.
我们将举行环保演讲比赛。
7.Our
activity
will
begin
at
8
on
the
morning
of
November
10
in
our
school.
我们的活动将于11月10日上午八点在学校举行。
8.Every
student
is
welcomed
to
join
us!
欢迎大家积极参与！
PART
2
写作训练
弄清文络
写作妙笔生花
假如你是你们学校的学生会主席。请根据以下信息，为你校将要举办的一场篮球友谊赛写一则100词左右的英语海报。
·参赛球队：来自美国的约克篮球队和本校校队；
·比赛时间：11月24日下午；
·比赛地点：学校体育馆；
·赛后幸运的学生可以得到本场比赛用的篮球作为纪念。
参考词汇：作为纪念as
a
souvenir
审题
1.确定体裁：本文为海报；
2.确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第三人称；
3.确定时态：本文主要时态应用一般将来时。
◆审题谋篇
谋篇
第一部分：海报的主要内容及活动的时间和地点。
第二部分：活动的特点。
第三部分：发出邀请。
必备词汇
1.将要有……
____________________
2.一场篮球友谊赛
________________________
3.举行
______
4.据说……
___________
5.令人紧张的
______
查看答案
◆遣词造句
There
is
going
to
be
...
a
friendly
basketball
match
hold
be
said
to...
tense
关键句式
1.来自美国的约克篮球队和我们校校队之间将要有一场篮球友谊赛。
There
is
going
to
be
a
friendly
basketball
match
between
American
York
Basketball
Team
and
our
school
team.
2.这场篮球赛将于11月24日下午在学校体育馆举行。
This
basketball
match
will
be
held
in
our
school
gym
on
the
afternoon
of
November
24.
3.据说两队之间的比赛将会十分紧张，令人兴奋。
It
is
said
that
the
competition
between
the
two
teams
will
be
tense
and
exciting.
4.最幸运的学生比赛后可以得到本场比赛用的篮球作为纪念。
The
luckiest
student
can
keep
the
basketball
which
is
used
in
this
match
as
a
souvenir
after
the
match.
5.欢迎所有的人去观看比赛。
All
of
you
are
welcome
to
the
match.
句式升级
1.用非限制性定语从句连接句1和句2。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.用be
said
to的形式改写句3。
_______________________________________________________________
3.用非谓语作后置定语改写句4。
_________________________________________________________________________________
The
competition
between
the
two
teams
is
said
to
be
tense
and
exciting.
There
is
going
to
be
a
friendly
basketball
match
between
American
York
Basketball
Team
and
our
school
team，which
will
be
held
in
our
school
gym
on
the
afternoon
of
November
24.
查看答案
The
luckiest
student
can
keep
the
basketball
used
in
this
match
as
a
souvenir
after
the
match.
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇100词左右的英语短文。
A
Friendly
Basketball
Match
There
is
going
to
be
a
friendly
basketball
match
between
American
York
Basketball
Team
and
our
school
team，which
will
be
held
in
our
school
gym
on
the
afternoon
of
November
24.
查看答案
◆组句成篇
参考范文
The
competition
between
the
two
teams
is
said
to
be
tense
and
exciting.Besides，the
luckiest
student
can
keep
the
basketball
used
in
this
match
as
a
souvenir
after
the
match.
All
of
you
are
welcome
to
the
match.
The
Students’
Union
查看答案核心素养拓展练
素养解读 2017版《普通高中课程标准》首次提出“学科核心素养”。英语学科核心素养由语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力构成。随之而来，以后的英语考试将更加坚持能力立意，突出核心素养的考查。下面文段就是围绕“思维品质”这一学科素养展开，讲述了科学家最近的研究发现当植物受到攻击时，它们会释放出化学物质来保护自己并通知周围的植物。此篇旨在培养考生树立生态意识，热爱并尊重自然，学会与自然和谐相处；保护环境，节约资源，采取绿色生活方式；具备可持续发展理念和行动等。
(2017·全国Ⅱ)
When
a
leafy
plant
is
under
attack，it
doesn’t
sit
quietly.Back
in
1983，two
scientists，Jack
Schultz
and
Ian
Baldwin，reported
that
young
maple
trees
getting
bitten
by
insects
send
out
a
particular
smell
that
neighboring
plants
can
get.These
chemicals
come
from
the
injured
parts
of
the
plant
and
seem
to
be
an
alarm.What
the
plants
pump
through
the
air
is
a
mixture
of
chemicals
known
as
volatile
organic
compounds，VOCs
for
short.
Scientists
have
found
that
all
kinds
of
plants
give
out
VOCs
when
being
attacked.It’s
a
plant’s
way
of
crying
out.But
is
anyone
listening?
Apparently.Because
we
can
watch
the
neighbors
react.
Some
plants
pump
out
smelly
chemicals
to
keep
insects
away.But
others
do
double
duty.They
pump
out
perfumes
designed
to
attract
different
insects
who
are
natural
enemies
to
the
attackers.Once
they
arrive，the
tables
are
turned.The
attacker
who
was
lunching
now
becomes
lunch.
In
study
after
study，it
appears
that
these
chemical
conversations
help
the
neighbors.The
damage
is
usually
more
serious
on
the
first
plant，but
the
neighbors，relatively
speaking，stay
safer
because
they
heard
the
alarm
and
knew
what
to
do.
Does
this
mean
that
plants
talk
to
each
other?
Scientists
don’t
know.Maybe
the
first
plant
just
made
a
cry
of
pain
or
was
sending
a
message
to
its
own
branches，and
so，in
effect，was
talking
to
itself.Perhaps
the
neighbors
just
happened
to
“overhear”
the
cry.So
information
was
exchanged，but
it
wasn’t
a
true，intentional
back
and
forth.
Charles
Darwin，over
150
years
ago，imagined
a
world
far
busier，noisier
and
more
intimate(亲密的)
than
the
world
we
can
see
and
hear.Our
senses
are
weak.There’s
a
whole
lot
going
on.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了植物受到袭击时会释放出某种化学物质来保护自己并“告知”附近的植物。
1．What
does
a
plant
do
when
it
is
under
attack?
A．It
makes
noises.
B．It
gets
help
from
other
plants.
C．It
stands
quietly.
D．It
sends
out
certain
chemicals.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...reported
that
young
maple
trees
getting
bitten
by
insects
send
out
a
particular
smell
that
neighboring
plants
can
get.These
chemicals
come
from
the
injured
parts
of
the
plant
and
seem
to
be
an
alarm.”可知，植物受到伤害时会散发出一种特殊的气味，而这种特殊的气味就是某些化学物质。故选D项。
2．What
does
the
author
mean
by
“the
tables
are
turned”
in
Paragraph
3?
A．The
attackers
get
attacked.
B．The
insects
gather
under
the
table.
C．The
plants
get
ready
to
fight
back.
D．The
perfumes
attract
natural
enemies.
答案 A
解析 句意理解题。根据第三段中的“They
pump
out
perfumes
designed
to
attract
different
insects
who
are
natural
enemies
to
the
attackers.”(它们散发出气味意在吸引不同的昆虫，这些昆虫是袭击者的天敌)，以及画线部分后的“The
attacker
who
was
lunching
now
becomes
lunch.”(正在吃午餐的袭击者现在就变成了午餐)可知，画线部分的意思是：袭击者受到了它的天敌的袭击。故选A项。
3．Scientists
find
from
their
studies
that
plants
can
.
A．predict
natural
disasters
B．protect
themselves
against
insects
C．talk
to
one
another
intentionally
D．help
their
neighbors
when
necessary
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Some
plants
pump
out
smelly
chemicals
to
keep
insects
away.”和“They
pump
out
perfumes
designed
to
attract
different
insects
who
are
natural
enemies
to
the
attackers.”可知，植物能保护自己免受昆虫的伤害。故选B项。
4．What
can
we
infer
from
the
last
paragraph?
A．The
world
is
changing
faster
than
ever.
B．People
have
stronger
senses
than
before.
C．The
world
is
more
complex
than
it
seems.
D．People
in
Darwin’s
time
were
more
imaginative.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，达尔文设想了一个远比现实世界更繁忙、更喧嚣和更亲密的世界，而我们的感官却非常弱，我们还有很长的路要走。由此可知，世界似乎比它看上去的样子更复杂。故选C项。
Notes
Ⅰ.高频词汇
1．attack
n．&
v．进攻；攻击
2．apparently
adv.明显地；显而易见地
3．insect
n．昆虫
4．overhear
vt.偷听；偶然听到
Ⅱ.长难句分析
The
damage
is
usually
more
serious
on
the
first
plant，but
the
neighbors，relatively
speaking，stay
safer
because
they
heard
the
alarm
and
knew
what
to
do.
分析：but连接两个并列分句。后面的分句中，relatively
speaking是插入语，because
they
heard
the
alarm
and
knew
what
to
do是原因状语从句。
翻译：通常对第一株植物的伤害更严重，但是相对来说，邻居们会更安全，因为它们听到了警报并知道做什么。(共43张PPT)
Global
warming
Unit
4
PART
1
基础自测
PART
2
互动探究
PART
3
达标检测
Period
Two Warming
Up
&
Reading—Language
points
PART
1
基础自测
默写练习(一)
Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共15小题；每题1分，满分15分)
1.renewable
adj.
____________________
2.graph
n.
______________________
3.random
adj
________________
4.fossil
n.
___________________________
5.byproduct
n.
_______
6.tend
vi.
_________________
vt.
___________
7.measurement
n.
_________________
8.data
n.
____________
查看答案
能再生的；可更新的
图表；坐标图；曲线图
胡乱的；任意的
化石；从地下采掘出来的矿物
副产品
趋向；易于；照顾
照顾；护理
衡量；测量；尺寸
资料；数据
9.catastrophe
n.
_____________
10.drought
n.
___________
11.famine
n.
_____
12.mild
adj.
_____________________
13.environmental
adj.
_________
14.range
n.
____________
15.glance
vi.
______________
n.
_____
查看答案
大灾难；浩劫
旱灾；干旱
饥荒
温和的；温柔的；淡的
环境的
种类；范围
看一下；扫视
一瞥
Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共10小题；每题3分，满分30分)
16.
vt.
消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完
→
n.
消费者
17.
n.
现象
→
(pl.)
18.
vi.
同意；捐赠；订阅
vt.
签署(文件)；捐助
19.
n.
量；数量
→
n.
质量
20.
n.
趋势；倾向；走向
consume
phenomena
consumer
phenomenon
subscribe
quantity
quality
查看答案
trend
21.
n.
洪水；水灾
22.
vt.
反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
→
adj.
反对的；对立的
23.
n.
结果；后果；影响
→
adj.
作为结果的；随之发生的
24.
vt.
陈述；说明
→
n.
声明；阐述
25.
adj.
平稳的；持续的；稳固的
→
adv.
平稳地；持续地
查看答案
flood
oppose
opposed
state
consequence
consequent
statement
steadily
steady
Ⅲ.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)
26.与……相比
_________________
27.发生；造成
___________
28.同意；赞成；订购
____________
29.大量的
____________
30.上升；增长；升起
______
31.make
accurate
measurements
of
____________________
32.导致
_________
33.反对……
_______________
34.即使
______________
35.继续
_________
compare...to/with
come
about
subscribe
to
quantities
of
go
up
对……做精确的测量
result
in
be
opposed
to...
even
if/though
keep
on
查看答案
Ⅳ.完成句子(共5小题；每题7分，满分35分)
36.
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer
(see
Graph
1)
and
that
it
is
human
activity
that
has
caused
this
global
warming
rather
than
a
random
but
natural
phenomenon.
毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和(见图表1)，并且全球变暖是人类活动造成的，而不是随意的自然现象。
37.It
means
that
more
heat
energy
tends
to
be
trapped
in
the
atmosphere
_______
.
它意味着更多的热能将被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。
查看答案
There
is
no
doubt
that
causing
the
global
temperature
to
go
up
38.They
also
agree
that
has
resulted
in
this
increase
in
carbon
dioxide.
他们还赞同这种观点：正是由于越来越多的化石燃料的燃烧导致了二氧化碳的增加。
39.On
the
other
hand，there
are
those，like
George
Hambley，_______________
and
believe
that
we
should
not
worry
about
high
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
air.
另一方面，有一些科学家，像乔治·汉布利，反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。
查看答案
it
is
the
burning
of
more
and
more
fossil
fuels
that
who
are
opposed
to
this
view
40.
carbon
dioxide
and
other
greenhouse
gases，the
climate
is
going
to
keep
on
warming
for
decades
or
centuries.
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续变暖。
查看答案
Even
if
we
start
reducing
the
amount
of
PART
2
互动探究
探究重点
互动撞击思维
So
how
has
this
come
about
and
does
it
matter?那么，这种温度的增长是怎样发生的呢？会造成什么影响呢？
1
?come
about发生；造成
come
out出版；结果是；出来；开花
come
up发芽；开始；走近；被提出
come
up
with想出
重点词汇
(1)The
argument
came
about
when
they
talked
about
how
snakes
produce
poison.
他们在讨论蛇是怎样产生毒液时产生了争论。
(2)
he
failed
in
the
exam?
他怎么会考试不及格呢？
(3)It
is
said
that
his
new
book
will
next
week.
据说，他的新书将在下周出版。
(4)The
man
to
me
and
asked
me
to
help
him.
这个人走到我跟前，向我求助。
[单句改错]
(5)The
young
man
came
up
a
good
idea
at
the
meeting
yesterday.
查看答案
How
did
it
come
about
that
come
out
came
up
∧
with
The
problem
begins
when
we
add
huge
quantities
of
extra
carbon
dioxide
into
the
atmosphere.当我们在大气层中增加了大量额外的二氧化碳时，问题就来了。
?quantity
n.量；数量
2
a
quantity
of/quantities
of大量的
in
quantity/in
large
quantities大量地
注意 a
quantity
of/quantities
of后面既可以接可数名词也可以接不可数名词。
“a
quantity
of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词与名词保持数的一致；而“quantities
of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
(1)The
factory
needs
a
large
quantity
of
workers.
这个工厂需要很多工人。
(2)It
is
cheaper
to
buy
goods
in
quantity/in
large
quantities.
大量购物比较便宜。
(3)A
large
quantity
of
money
(spend)
on
the
project
so
far.
目前，这个工程已经花费了大量资金。
(4)Large
quantities
of
good
soil
(wash)
away
by
the
heavy
rain.
大雨冲走了大量沃土。
查看答案
has
been
spent
were
washed
?tend
vi.趋向；易于；照顾；vt.照顾；护理
3
It
means
that
more
heat
energy
tends
to
be
trapped
in
the
atmosphere
causing
the
global
temperature
to
go
up.它意味着更多的热能将被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。
※tend
(to)...照料，护理……
tend
to
do
sth.
易于做某事；倾向于做某事
※tendency
n.倾向；趋势
have
a
tendency
to
do
sth.
喜欢做某事；倾向于做某事
查看答案
(1)Many
people
tend
to
talk
about
traditions
without
knowing
what
they
really
are.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
现在很多人在对传统不甚了解的情况下，还往往对传统夸夸其谈。
(2)She
is
tending
(to)
her
sick
mother
at
home.
她正在家里照顾生病的母亲。
(3)She
tends
(get)
angry
when
you
disagree
with
her.
你不同意她的意见时，她往往会生气。
(4)The
woman
has
a
strong
natural
(tend)
to
be
cautious.
这个女人天生小心谨慎。
tendency
to
get
They
also
agree
that
it
is
the
burning
of
more
and
more
fossil
fuels
that
has
resulted
in
this
increase
in
carbon
dioxide.他们还赞同这种观点：正是由于越来越多的化石燃料的燃烧导致了二氧化碳的增加。
?result
in产生，导致(＝cause/lead
to)
4
result
from由于；由……造成
as
a
result结果，因此
as
a
result
of作为……的结果；因为……
(1)His
carelessness
resulted
in
the
accident.
＝The
accident
resulted
his
carelessness.
他的粗心导致了这次事故。
(2)
，people
will
eat
more
food
to
try
to
make
up
for
that
something
missing.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
结果，人们会吃更多的食物来补上缺失的东西。
[单句改错]
(3)He
was
often
late
for
work.As
a
result
of，he
lost
his
job.
查看答案
from
As
a
result
?be
opposed
to反对……
5
On
the
other
hand，there
are
those，like
George
Hambley，who
are
opposed
to
this
view
and
believe
that
we
should
not
worry
about
high
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
air.另一方面，有一些科学家，像乔治·汉布利，反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。
※opposed
adj.相反的；对立的
※oppose
vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
oppose
(doing)
sth.
/sb.
doing
sth.
反对(做)某事/反对某人做某事
(1)Many
farmers
opposed
the
plan
because
they
feared
that
wolves
would
kill
their
farm
animals
or
pets.
很多农民反对这个计划，因为他们害怕狼会杀死他们农场的动物或宠物。
(2017·全国Ⅲ)
(2)The
husband
strongly
opposed
his
wife
(go)
there
alone.
这位丈夫强烈反对妻子独自去那里。
[单句改错]
(3)She
is
strongly
opposed
against
their
plan.
going
查看答案
to
?consequence
n.结果；后果；影响
6
They
predict
that
any
warming
will
be
mild
with
few
bad
environmental
consequences.他们预言说，变暖的情况不会很严重，对环境的影响也不会太坏。
※as
a
consequence＝in
consequence结果；因此
as
a
consequence
of＝in
consequence
of由于……的缘故
※consequent
adj.作为结果的；随之发生的
※consequently
adv.所以；因此；结果
(1)It
rained
yesterday.As
a
consequence，the
match
was
cancelled.
昨天下雨了，结果比赛被取消了。
(2)The
warming
of
the
earth
and
the
consequent
climatic
changes
affect
us
all.
地球变暖以及随之发生的气候变化影响着我们所有人。
(3)My
car
broke
down
and
(consequent)
I
was
late.
我的汽车抛锚了，结果，我迟到了。
[单句改错]
(4)The
ceremony
has
been
put
off
as
a
consequence
the
bad
weather.
查看答案
consequently
∧
of
In
fact，Hambley
states，“More
carbon
dioxide
is
actually
a
positive
thing.It
will
make
plants
grow
quicker；crops
will
produce
more；it
will
encourage
a
greater
range
of
animals—all
of
which
will
make
life
for
human
beings
better.”实际上，汉布利说道：“二氧化碳含量的增加实际上是件好事。它使植物生长得更快，庄稼产量更高，还会促进动物的生长——所有这些都能改善人类的生活。”
?state
vt.陈述；说明；声明；n.状况，情况；国家
?range
n.种类；范围；v.排列；(在一定范围内)变化，变动
7
※It
is
stated
that...据说……
statement
n.声明；陈述
make
a
statement作出陈述；发表声明
※a
range
of一系列
out
of
one’s
range超出某人的范围
range
from
A
to
B 从A到B变动
(1)It
is
stated
that
we
use
only
10
percent
of
our
brain.
据说，我们只运用了大脑的10%。
(2)The
man
refused
to
make
a
(state)，which
made
the
reporters
disappointed.
这个人拒绝发表声明，使得记者们都很失望。
(3)The
team
will
hold
a
range
activities，including
some
training
and
matches.(2017·全国Ⅲ)
球队将举行各种活动，包括一些训练和比赛。
(4)The
national
park
has
a
large
collection
of
wildlife，
(range)
from
butterflies
to
elephants.(2017·北京)
国家公园有许多的野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。
statement
查看答案
of
ranging
?glance
vi.匆匆一看；扫视；n.一瞥
8
Glance
quickly
at
the
magazine
article
and
answer
the
questions.
快速浏览杂志文章并回答下列问题。
glance
at浏览，扫一眼
take/give/have
a
glance
at...粗略地看一下……
at
first
glance乍一看；乍看之下
at
a
(single)
glance
(只)看一眼；一眼；立刻
(1)He
took/gave/had
a
glance
at
the
newspaper
headlines.
他匆匆看了一眼报纸上的标题。
(2)
the
problem
seemed
easy.
乍一看问题似乎很简单。
(3)He
could
tell
what
was
wrong.
他一眼就看出了问题所在。
查看答案
At
first
glance
at
a
(single)
glance
[易混辨析] glance，glare，stare
※glance一瞥，匆匆一看，强调动作的短暂。
※glare怒视，带有敌对或威胁的态度。
※stare盯着看，含有无礼或粗俗的意味，也可指吃惊、害怕或深思地盯着看、凝视。
[选词填空] glance，glare，stare
(4)They
stopped
arguing
and
at
each
other.
(5)The
manager
at
the
document
and
signed
down
his
name.
(6)Don’t
at
a
foreigner
for
a
long
time！It’s
rude!
查看答案
glared
glanced
stare
There
is
no
doubt
that
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer
(see
Graph
1)
and
that
it
is
human
activity
that
has
caused
this
global
warming
rather
than
a
random
but
natural
phenomenon.毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和(见图表1)，并且全球变暖是人类活动造成的，而不是随意的自然现象。
1
经典句式
※There
is
no
doubt意为“毫无疑问”，后接that从句或“about＋名词”
结构。There
is
doubt意为“……值得怀疑”，后接whether引导的从句
或“about＋名词”结构。
※doubt
v.&n.意为“怀疑；疑问”。
作动词时，用法如下：
①在否定句或疑问句中，doubt后接that引导的宾语从句；
②在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。
作名词时，用法如下：
①用于否定句或疑问句时，一般接that引导的同位语从句；
②用于肯定句时，一般接whether引导的同位语从句。
(1)But
the
urge
would
no
doubt
be
greater
if
you
were
living
on
the
streets
with
little
food
and
money.(2018·北京)
如果你露宿街头，食不果腹又几乎没有什么钱，那么看到那么多的钱时，对钱的欲望无疑会更大。
(2)There
is
no
doubt
that
you
are
supposed
to
know
about
the
history
of
the
Tang
Dynasty
in
advance.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
毫无疑问，你应该提前了解关于唐朝的历史。
(3)There
is
some
doubt
he
will
pass
the
final
exam.
他能否通过期末考试，还有些疑问。
查看答案
whether
(4)I
don’t
doubt
my
daughter
will
have
a
bright
future.
我毫不怀疑我的女儿会有光明的未来。
(5)I
doubt
our
class
will
win
the
final
match.
我们班是否会赢得最后的比赛，我对此持怀疑态度。
查看答案
that
whether/if
even
if相当于even
though，引导让步状语从句，意为“即使；尽管”。
2
Even
if
we
start
reducing
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
and
other
greenhouse
gases，the
climate
is
going
to
keep
on
warming
for
decades
or
centuries.即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续变暖。
(1)We’ll
make
a
trip
even
if/though
the
weather
is
bad.
即使天气不好，我们也要去旅行。
(2)Be
open-minded
to
different
opinions
.
尽管你不喜欢不同的观点，对它们也要采取开放的胸怀。
even
if/though
you
don’t
like
them
查看答案
[易混辨析] even
if/though，as
if/though
※even
if/though引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；即使；虽然”。
※as
if/though用于引导方式状语从句或表语从句，意为“就像……似的；
似乎；仿佛”。
[选词填空] even
if/though，as
if/though
(3)They
are
talking
they
had
seen
a
ghost.
(4)
you
don’t
like
this
film，you’d
better
see
it.
as
if/though
Even
if/though
查看答案
PART
3
达标检测
当堂检测
基础达标演练
1.As
a
(consequent)
of
oversleeping
this
morning，I
was
late
for
school.
2.I
tend
(wake)
up
early
in
the
morning
to
do
morning
exercises
outdoors.
3.
a
result
of
destroying
the
forests，large
quantities
of
desert
have
covered
the
land.
4.Your
(state)
is
too
general.Could
you
be
more
specific
about
what
you’re
going
to
do
in
the
future?
5.
(oppose)
to
the
new
plan，most
of
the
members
left
the
meeting
room.
6.She
has
many
kinds
of
jobs，
(range)
from
cook
to
model.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
查看答案
consequence
to
wake
As
statement
Opposed
ranging
7.
the
price
of
wheat
will
go
up.
毫无疑问，小麦的价格将会上涨。
8.
，I
will
not
go
to
his
birthday
party.
即使受到邀请，我也不去参加他的生日聚会。
9.He
and
recognized
his
uncle’s
handwriting.
他瞥了一眼那个信封，认出是他叔叔的笔迹。
10.Great
quantities
of
sand
the
hillside
by
the
rain.
雨水把大量的泥沙冲下山坡。
Ⅱ.完成句子
There
is
no
doubt
that
Even
if/though
(I’m)
invited
took
a
glance
at/glanced
at
the
envelope
were
washed
down
查看答案Period
Two Warming
Up
&
Reading—Language
points
Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共15小题；每题1分，满分15分)
1．renewable
adj.能再生的；可更新的
2．graph
n．图表；坐标图；曲线图
3．random
adj.胡乱的；任意的
4．fossil
n．化石；从地下采掘出来的矿物
5．byproduct
n．副产品
6．tend
vi.趋向；易于；照顾；vt.照顾；护理
7．measurement
n．衡量；测量；尺寸
8．data
n．资料；数据
9．catastrophe
n．大灾难；浩劫
10．drought
n．旱灾；干旱
11．famine
n．饥荒
12．mild
adj.温和的；温柔的；淡的
13．environmental
adj.环境的
14．range
n．种类；范围
15．glance
vi.看一下；扫视；n.一瞥
Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共10小题；每题3分，满分30分)
16．consume
vt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完→consumer
n．消费者
17．phenomenon
n．现象→phenomena
(pl.)
18．subscribe
vi.同意；捐赠；订阅；vt.签署(文件)；捐助
19．quantity
n．量；数量→quality
n．质量
20．trend
n．趋势；倾向；走向
21．flood
n．洪水；水灾
22．oppose
vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed
adj.反对的；对立的
23．consequence
n．结果；后果；影响→consequent
adj.作为结果的；随之发生的
24．state
vt.陈述；说明→statement
n．声明；阐述
25．steady
adj.平稳的；持续的；稳固的→steadily
adv.平稳地；持续地
Ⅲ.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)
26．与……相比compare...to/with
27．发生；造成come
about
28．同意；赞成；订购subscribe
to
29．大量的quantities
of
30．上升；增长；升起go
up
31．make
accurate
measurements
of对……做精确的测量
32．导致result
in
33．反对……be
opposed
to...
34．即使even
if/though
35．继续keep
on
Ⅳ.完成句子(共5小题；每题7分，满分35分)
36．There
is
no
doubt
that
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer
(see
Graph
1)
and
that
it
is
human
activity
that
has
caused
this
global
warming
rather
than
a
random
but
natural
phenomenon.
毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和(见图表1)，并且全球变暖是人类活动造成的，而不是随意的自然现象。
37．It
means
that
more
heat
energy
tends
to
be
trapped
in
the
atmosphere
causing
the
global
temperature
to
go
up.
它意味着更多的热能将被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。
38．They
also
agree
that
it
is
the
burning
of
more
and
more
fossil
fuels
that
has
resulted
in
this
increase
in
carbon
dioxide.
他们还赞同这种观点：正是由于越来越多的化石燃料的燃烧导致了二氧化碳的增加。
39．On
the
other
hand，there
are
those，like
George
Hambley，who
are
opposed
to
this
view
and
believe
that
we
should
not
worry
about
high
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
air.
另一方面，有一些科学家，像乔治·汉布利，反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。
40．Even
if
we
start
reducing
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
and
other
greenhouse
gases，the
climate
is
going
to
keep
on
warming
for
decades
or
centuries.
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续变暖。
重点词汇
So
how
has
this
come
about
and
does
it
matter?
那么，这种温度的增长是怎样发生的呢？会造成什么影响呢？
come
about发生；造成
come
out出版；结果是；出来；开花
come
up发芽；开始；走近；被提出
come
up
with想出
(1)The
argument
came
about
when
they
talked
about
how
snakes
produce
poison.
他们在讨论蛇是怎样产生毒液时产生了争论。
(2)How
did
it
come
about
that
he
failed
in
the
exam?
他怎么会考试不及格呢？
(3)It
is
said
that
his
new
book
will
come
out
next
week.据说，他的新书将在下周出版。
(4)The
man
came
up
to
me
and
asked
me
to
help
him.
这个人走到我跟前，向我求助。
[单句改错]
(5)The
young
man
came
up
a
good
idea
at
the
meeting
yesterday.
The
problem
begins
when
we
add
huge
quantities
of
extra
carbon
dioxide
into
the
atmosphere.
当我们在大气层中增加了大量额外的二氧化碳时，问题就来了。
quantity
n．量；数量
a
quantity
of/quantities
of大量的
in
quantity/in
large
quantities大量地
注意 a
quantity
of/quantities
of后面既可以接可数名词也可以接不可数名词。
“a
quantity
of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词与名词保持数的一致；而“quantities
of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
(1)The
factory
needs
a
large
quantity
of
workers.
这个工厂需要很多工人。
(2)It
is
cheaper
to
buy
goods
in
quantity/in
large
quantities.大量购物比较便宜。
(3)A
large
quantity
of
money
has
been
spent(spend)
on
the
project
so
far.
目前，这个工程已经花费了大量资金。
(4)Large
quantities
of
good
soil
were
washed(wash)
away
by
the
heavy
rain.
大雨冲走了大量沃土。
It
means
that
more
heat
energy
tends
to
be
trapped
in
the
atmosphere
causing
the
global
temperature
to
go
up.
它意味着更多的热能将被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。
tend
vi.趋向；易于；照顾；vt.照顾；护理
※tend
(to)．..照料，护理……
tend
to
do
sth.易于做某事；倾向于做某事
※tendency
n．倾向；趋势
have
a
tendency
to
do
sth.喜欢做某事；倾向于做某事
(1)Many
people
tend
to
talk
about
traditions
without
knowing
what
they
really
are.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
现在很多人在对传统不甚了解的情况下，还往往对传统夸夸其谈。
(2)She
is
tending
(to)
her
sick
mother
at
home.
她正在家里照顾生病的母亲。
(3)She
tends
to
get(get)
angry
when
you
disagree
with
her.
你不同意她的意见时，她往往会生气。
(4)The
woman
has
a
strong
natural
tendency(tend)
to
be
cautious.这个女人天生小心谨慎。
They
also
agree
that
it
is
the
burning
of
more
and
more
fossil
fuels
that
has
resulted
in
this
increase
in
carbon
dioxide.
他们还赞同这种观点：正是由于越来越多的化石燃料的燃烧导致了二氧化碳的增加。
result
in产生，导致(＝cause/lead
to)
result
from由于；由……造成
as
a
result结果，因此
as
a
result
of作为……的结果；因为……
(1)His
carelessness
resulted
in
the
accident.
＝The
accident
resulted
from
his
carelessness.
他的粗心导致了这次事故。
(2)As
a
result，people
will
eat
more
food
to
try
to
make
up
for
that
something
missing.
(2017·全国Ⅰ)
结果，人们会吃更多的食物来补上缺失的东西。
[单句改错]
(3)He
was
often
late
for
work.As
a
result
of，he
lost
his
job.
On
the
other
hand，there
are
those，like
George
Hambley，who
are
opposed
to
this
view
and
believe
that
we
should
not
worry
about
high
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
air.
另一方面，有一些科学家，像乔治·汉布利，反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。
be
opposed
to反对……
※opposed
adj.相反的；对立的
※oppose
vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
oppose
(doing)
sth./sb.doing
sth.反对(做)某事/反对某人做某事
(1)Many
farmers
opposed
the
plan
because
they
feared
that
wolves
would
kill
their
farm
animals
or
pets.很多农民反对这个计划，因为他们害怕狼会杀死他们农场的动物或宠物。(2017·全国Ⅲ)
(2)The
husband
strongly
opposed
his
wife
going(go)
there
alone.
这位丈夫强烈反对妻子独自去那里。
[单句改错]
(3)She
is
strongly
opposed
their
plan.
They
predict
that
any
warming
will
be
mild
with
few
bad
environmental
consequences.
他们预言说，变暖的情况不会很严重，对环境的影响也不会太坏。
consequence
n．结果；后果；影响
※as
a
consequence＝in
consequence结果；因此
as
a
consequence
of＝in
consequence
of由于……的缘故
※consequent
adj.作为结果的；随之发生的
※consequently
adv.所以；因此；结果
(1)It
rained
yesterday.As
a
consequence，the
match
was
cancelled.
昨天下雨了，结果比赛被取消了。
(2)The
warming
of
the
earth
and
the
consequent
climatic
changes
affect
us
all.
地球变暖以及随之发生的气候变化影响着我们所有人。
(3)My
car
broke
down
and
consequently(consequent)
I
was
late.
我的汽车抛锚了，结果，我迟到了。
[单句改错]
(4)The
ceremony
has
been
put
off
as
a
consequence
the
bad
weather.
In
fact，Hambley
states，“More
carbon
dioxide
is
actually
a
positive
thing.It
will
make
plants
grow
quicker；crops
will
produce
more；it
will
encourage
a
greater
range
of
animals—all
of
which
will
make
life
for
human
beings
better.”
实际上，汉布利说道：“二氧化碳含量的增加实际上是件好事。它使植物生长得更快，庄稼产量更高，还会促进动物的生长——所有这些都能改善人类的生活。”
state
vt.陈述；说明；声明；n.状况，情况；国家
range
n．种类；范围；v.排列；(在一定范围内)变化，变动
※It
is
stated
that...据说……
statement
n．声明；陈述
make
a
statement作出陈述；发表声明
※a
range
of一系列
out
of
one’s
range超出某人的范围
range
from
A
to
B 从A到B变动
(1)It
is
stated
that
we
use
only
10
percent
of
our
brain.据说，我们只运用了大脑的10%。
(2)The
man
refused
to
make
a
statement(state)，which
made
the
reporters
disappointed.
这个人拒绝发表声明，使得记者们都很失望。
(3)The
team
will
hold
a
range
of
activities，including
some
training
and
matches.(2017·全国Ⅲ)
球队将举行各种活动，包括一些训练和比赛。
(4)The
national
park
has
a
large
collection
of
wildlife，ranging(range)
from
butterflies
to
elephants.(2017·北京)
国家公园有许多的野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。
Glance
quickly
at
the
magazine
article
and
answer
the
questions.
快速浏览杂志文章并回答下列问题。
glance
vi.匆匆一看；扫视；n.一瞥
glance
at浏览，扫一眼
take/give/have
a
glance
at...粗略地看一下……
at
first
glance乍一看；乍看之下
at
a
single
glance
只看一眼；一眼；立刻
(1)He
took/gave/had
a
glance
at
the
newspaper
headlines.他匆匆看了一眼报纸上的标题。
(2)At
first
glance
the
problem
seemed
easy.乍一看问题似乎很简单。
(3)He
could
tell
at
a
(single)
glance
what
was
wrong.他一眼就看出了问题所在。
[易混辨析] glance，glare，stare
※glance一瞥，匆匆一看，强调动作的短暂。
※glare怒视，带有敌对或威胁的态度。
※stare盯着看，含有无礼或粗俗的意味，也可指吃惊、害怕或深思地盯着看、凝视。
[选词填空] glance，glare，stare
(4)They
stopped
arguing
and
glared
at
each
other.
(5)The
manager
glanced
at
the
document
and
signed
down
his
name.
(6)Don’t
stare
at
a
foreigner
for
a
long
time！It’s
rude!
经典句式
There
is
no
doubt
that
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer
(see
Graph
1)
and
that
it
is
human
activity
that
has
caused
this
global
warming
rather
than
a
random
but
natural
phenomenon.
毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和(见图表1)，并且全球变暖是人类活动造成的，而不是随意的自然现象。
※There
is
no
doubt意为“毫无疑问”，后接that从句或“about＋名词”结构。There
is
doubt意为“……值得怀疑”，后接whether引导的从句或“about＋名词”结构。
※doubt
v．&n.意为“怀疑；疑问”。
作动词时，用法如下：
①在否定句或疑问句中，doubt后接that引导的宾语从句；
②在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。
作名词时，用法如下：
①用于否定句或疑问句时，一般接that引导的同位语从句；
②用于肯定句时，一般接whether引导的同位语从句。
(1)But
the
urge
would
no
doubt
be
greater
if
you
were
living
on
the
streets
with
little
food
and
money.(2018·北京)
如果你露宿街头，食不果腹又几乎没有什么钱，那么看到那么多的钱时，对钱的欲望无疑会更大。
(2)There
is
no
doubt
that
you
are
supposed
to
know
about
the
history
of
the
Tang
Dynasty
in
advance.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
毫无疑问，你应该提前了解关于唐朝的历史。
(3)There
is
some
doubt
whether
he
will
pass
the
final
exam.他能否通过期末考试，还有些疑问。
(4)I
don’t
doubt
that
my
daughter
will
have
a
bright
future.
我毫不怀疑我的女儿会有光明的未来。
(5)I
doubt
whether/if
our
class
will
win
the
final
match.
我们班是否会赢得最后的比赛，我对此持怀疑态度。
Even
if
we
start
reducing
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
and
other
greenhouse
gases，the
climate
is
going
to
keep
on
warming
for
decades
or
centuries.
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在未来几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续变暖。
(1)We’ll
make
a
trip
even
if/though
the
weather
is
bad.即使天气不好，我们也要去旅行。
(2)Be
open?minded
to
different
opinions
even
if/though
you
don’t
like
them.尽管你不喜欢不同的观点，对它们也要采取开放的胸怀。
[易混辨析] even
if/though，as
if/though
※even
if/though引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；即使；虽然”。
※as
if/though用于引导方式状语从句或表语从句，意为“就像……似的；似乎；仿佛”。
[选词填空] even
if/though，as
if/though
(3)They
are
talking
as
if/though
they
had
seen
a
ghost.
(4)Even
if/though
you
don’t
like
this
film，you’d
better
see
it.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．As
a
consequence(consequent)
of
oversleeping
this
morning，I
was
late
for
school.
2．I
tend
to
wake(wake)
up
early
in
the
morning
to
do
morning
exercises
outdoors.
3．As
a
result
of
destroying
the
forests，large
quantities
of
desert
have
covered
the
land.
4．Your
statement(state)
is
too
general.Could
you
be
more
specific
about
what
you’re
going
to
do
in
the
future?
5．Opposed(oppose)
to
the
new
plan，most
of
the
members
left
the
meeting
room.
6．She
has
many
kinds
of
jobs，ranging(range)
from
cook
to
model.
Ⅱ.完成句子
7．There
is
no
doubt
that
the
price
of
wheat
will
go
up.
毫无疑问，小麦的价格将会上涨。
8．Even
if/though
(I’m)
invited，I
will
not
go
to
his
birthday
party.
即使受到邀请，我也不去参加他的生日聚会。
9．He
took
a
glance
at/glanced
at
the
envelope
and
recognized
his
uncle’s
handwriting.
他瞥了一眼那个信封，认出是他叔叔的笔迹。
10．Great
quantities
of
sand
were
washed
down
the
hillside
by
the
rain.
雨水把大量的泥沙冲下山坡。
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The
witness
stated(陈述)
that
he
had
never
seen
the
man
before.
2．Before
he
died，he
had
consumed(消耗；喝掉)
a
large
quantity
of
alcohol.
3．He
glanced(扫视)
through
the
newspaper
while
having
breakfast.
4．It
can
be
quite
an
eye
opener
to
see
the
range(种类)
of
classical
apples
still
in
existence，such
as
Decio
which
was
grown
by
the
Romans.
5．However，ocean
expert
Curtis
Ebbesmeyer
does
it
in
a
special
way—by
studying
movements
of
random(任意的)
floating
garbage.
6．Have
a
look
at
this
graph(图标)．It
shows
the
total
sales
to
date.
7．First
they
collected
sound
data(数据)
from
67
nests
in
four
sites
in
Queensland
before
and
after
hatching.
8．He
is
a
mild(温和的)
man，who
is
reasonable.
9．The
need
to
produce
ever?increasing
quantities(数量)
of
cheap
food
leads
to
a
different
kind
of
pollution.
10．These
years，our
company
has
been
developing
steadily(平稳地)．
Ⅱ.选词填空
subscribe
to，
come
about，
quantities
of，
go
up，
as
a
result，
even
if，
keep
on，
compare
...to
11．Compared
to
a
traditional
smartphone，Paper
Phone
is
lighter
in
weight.
12．Every
day，I
have
to
spend
most
of
my
time
in
studying.As
a
result，I
don’t
have
enough
time
to
take
exercise.
13．Large
quantities
of
food
were
on
the
table.
14．I
keep
on
walking
after
supper
because
I
can’t
think
of
a
better
way
to
keep
fit.
15．I
have
never
subscribed
to
the
view
that
schooldays
are
the
happiest
days
of
our
life.
16．How
did
it
come
about
that
he
was
always
so
busy?
17．With
summer
approaching，the
temperature
is
going
up
quickly.
18．Even
if
flying
is
more
expensive
than
land
and
sea
travel，I
went
there
by
air
to
save
time.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
19．The
measurement(measure)
of
individual
intelligence
is
very
difficult.
20．A
large
quantity
of
rice
was(be)
sold
at
a
discount
in
the
market
yesterday.
21．The
air
crash
resulted
in
the
death
of
221
passengers.
22．The
parents
strongly
opposed
their
daughter
going(go)
there
alone.
23．Brian
had
been
ill
for
a
long
time
and
consequently(consequence)
he
was
behind
in
his
work.
24．I
could
see
at
first
glance
that
it
wasn’t
the
work
of
Xu
Beihong.
25．Nowadays
there
is
a
growing
tendency(tend)
for
people
to
shop
on
the
Internet.
26．There
is
no
doubt
at
all
that
we
did
the
right
thing.
Ⅳ.完成句子
27．I
do
not
oppose
listening
to
your
story
again.
我不反对再次听你的故事。
28．As
a
consequence
of/As
a
result
of/In
consequence
of
a
great
fire，the
house
was
completely
destroyed.
由于大火，房子被彻底毁坏了。
29．Here
we
have
a
range
of
products，our
toys.
我们这儿有一系列的产品，我们的玩具。
30．People
under
stress
tend
to
develop
their
full
range
of
potential.
处于压力下的人更容易发挥自己的全部潜能。
能力提升
Ⅴ.阅读理解
Some
fish
seem
to
be
able
to
adapt
rapidly
to
climate
change.In
fact，they
might
even
boom(繁荣)
in
the
warmer
ocean
in
the
future，growing
bigger
and
healthier
than
they
can
at
present?day
temperatures.Evidence
gathered
over
the
past
decade
has
suggested
that
climate
change
will
force
fish
to
migrate(迁徙)
to
cooler
waters，or
else
fish
will
face
extinction.Signs
of
such
migration
have
already
been
seen.But
recent
studies
have
shown
that
some
fish
are
able
to
adapt
to
warmer
waters
over
a
few
generations.
Philip
Munday
of
James
Cook
University
and
his
colleagues
showed
that
one
key
tropical(热带的)
fish
species
did
this
by
turning
on
and
off
some
of
its
genes.Yet
there
are
questions
over
the
potential
cost
of
such
adaptation.The
fish’s
ability
to
swim
seems
to
be
unchanged，but
as
Munday
noted，“Maybe
we’ll
see
trade?offs
with
growth
rates.There
is
no
free
lunch
in
this
world.”
Donelson
from
Sydney
raised
several
groups
of
maroon
clownfish，which
live
in
coral
reefs
throughout
the
West
Pacific.She
kept
one
group
at
temperatures
representing
present?day
conditions
on
the
Great
Barrier
Reef，from
where
the
parents
of
the
fish
were
collected.In
addition，she
kept
another
group
at
1.5℃
warmer
and
the
third
group
at
3℃
warmer，representing
the
ocean
temperature
rise
expected
by
the
end
of
the
century.
After
a
year
of
growing，the
fish
adapted
to
the
warmer
temperatures，upping
their
aerobic
metabolism(有氧代谢)，which
seemed
to
contribute
to
other
benefits：those
raised
at
temperatures
3℃
warmer
grew
8
percent
larger
and
29
percent
heavier
than
fish
raised
at
lower
temperatures.
Donelson
says
that
it
is
hard
to
make
predictions
about
how
different
species
will
deal
with
climate
change.“But
at
least
it
won’t
be
all
negative
news
for
all
species，”
she
says.
31．What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
first
paragraph?
A．Some
fish
can
adjust
to
warmer
waters.
B．Some
fish
may
die
out
in
cooler
waters.
C．Some
fish
are
forced
to
move
to
cooler
waters.
D．Some
fish
can
grow
bigger
at
present?day
temperatures.
答案 A
解析 段落大意题。根据第一段内容，尤其是“But
recent
studies
have
shown
that
some
fish
are
able
to
adapt
to
warmer
waters
over
a
few
generations.”可知，最近的研究表明一些鱼能够适应更温暖的水域，故选A。
32．How
does
one
of
tropical
fish
species
adjust
to
the
changed
surroundings?
A．By
switching
their
genes
on
and
off.
B．By
training
their
ability
to
swim.
C．By
growing
quickly.
D．By
living
in
a
group.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“one
key
tropical(热带的)
fish
species
did
this
by
turning
on
and
off
some
of
its
genes”可知，这种鱼通过改变基因来适应周围环境的改变，故选A。
33．What
can
we
know
from
Donelson’s
experiment?
A．The
clownfish
she
raised
are
from
the
Great
Barrier
Reef.
B．She
raised
the
fish
in
two
different
temperature
conditions.
C．The
fish
raised
in
the
warmest
waters
grow
largest
and
heaviest.
D．After
a
year’s
growing，the
fish
failed
to
adjust
to
warmer
temperatures.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，一年后小丑鱼适应了更温暖的环境，并且在温度最高的水域里，小丑鱼长得最大、最重，故C项正确。
34．What
can
be
inferred
from
the
last
paragraph?
A．Climate
change
has
a
positive
effect
on
all
the
species.
B．Species
which
can
adapt
to
climate
change
would
survive.
C．Different
species
will
deal
with
climate
change
in
the
same
way.
D．Fish
is
not
the
only
species
that
can
meet
the
challenge
of
climate
change.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据本段大意可知，多纳尔森说很难预测不同的物种如何应对气候变化，但对于所有的物种来说并不都是坏消息，由此可推知，鱼类不是唯一可以适应气候变化的物种，故选D。
Ⅵ.完形填空
Conservationists
are
breeding(饲养)
lions
in
the
Southern
African
nation
of
Zimbabwe.The
wildlife
experts
hope
to
increase
the
lion
population
to
keep
the
great
cats
from
35
.
In
some
areas，lions
and
human
beings
are
36
control
of
land.Researchers
believe
something
must
be
done
quickly
to
37
the
animals.
The
African
Lion
and
Environmental
Research
Trust(ALERT)
has
more
than
100
38
in
its
breeding
program.Antelope
Park
Farm
is
one
of
two
sites
ALERT
operates
in
Zimbabwe.
Gary
Jones
heads
the
Antelope
Park
Farm.He
says
ALERT
has
become
involved
39
a
sharp
drop
in
the
number
of
lions.His
group
believes
this
has
been
40
mainly
by
humans.There
are
more
people
moving
to
this
area
every
year.The
lions
have
41
land
on
which
to
live.
Gary
Jones
says
the
decrease
in
the
lion
population
affects
the
whole
42
.He
adds
that
other
African
nations
are
also
seeing
the
43
effects
of
this.
There
are
countries，
44
in
central
and
north
Africa，where
the
lion
population
has
reached
a(n)
45
level.Burundi，a
country
of
east?central
Africa，for
instance，does
not
have
lions
in
its
national
parks.It
46
wants
to
have
lions
reintroduced
back
into
its
national
parks.The
reason
is
that
when
you
take
the
lion
out
of
the
equation(平衡)，suddenly
you
get
all
47
things
start
happening
with
the
balance
of
48
.For
example，you
get
too
many
prey(猎物)
species，like
giraffes
and
zebras.
The
United
Nations’
Food
and
Agriculture
Organization
says
49
animals
are
threatened
when
farmers
try
to
50
their
plants
or
animals.
Rene
Czudek
works
for
the
UN
agency.He
says
his
organization
has
51
a
human?wildlife
tool
kit(成套工具)
that
some
countries
are
using
to
reduce
52
between
humans
and
wildlife.“In
fact，the
tool
kit
is
a
kind
of
instrument
that
extension
workers
can
use
with
the
53
—explain
to
them
how
wildlife
behaves，and
then
show
them
what
the
risky
behaviors
are，and
how
they
should
54
their
fields
accordingly，”
Mr
Czudek
said.
35．A.disappearing
B．attacking
C．changing
D．arriving
答案 A
解析 由上文的“increase
the
lion
population”可推断，野生动物保护专家希望采取措施来防止狮子“消失(disappearing)”。
36．A.waiting
for
B．cheering
for
C．competing
for
D．looking
for
答案 C
解析 在一些地方，狮子和人类正在“争夺(competing
for)”对土地的控制。
37．A.train
B．observe
C．catch
D．save
答案 D
解析 由第四段中的“a
sharp
drop
in
the
number
of
lions”可推断，研究人员认为必须尽快采取措施“拯救(save)”这种动物。
38．A.giraffes
B．lions
C．zebras
D．antelopes
答案 B
解析 由文章开头的“breeding(饲养)
lions”可知。
39．A.instead
of
B．because
of
C．in
place
of
D．in
spite
of
答案 B
解析 由于狮子数量骤减，所以ALERT要保护它们。故选because
of。
40．A.known
B．studied
C．caused
D．prevented
答案 C
解析 由下文的“There
are
more
people
moving
to
this
area
every
year.”可推断，狮子数量减少主要是人类“造成(caused)”的。
41．A.less
B．worse C．more
D．better
答案 A
解析 由上文的“There
are
more
people
moving
to
this
area
every
year.”可推断，狮子赖以生存的土地减少了。故选less。
42．A.environment
B．background
C．industry
D．position
答案 A
解析 狮子数量减少影响了整个“自然环境(environment)”。
43．A.immediate
B．possible
C．magical
D．disastrous
答案 D
解析 由下段可知，其他非洲国家也看到了狮子数量减少所带来的“灾难性的(disastrous)”影响。
44．A.usually
B．finally
C．gradually
D．particularly
答案 D
解析 在一些国家，“尤其是(particularly)”位于非洲中部和北部的国家，狮子数量已经达到了“令人担忧的(worrying)”地步。
45．A.acceptable
B．worrying
C．reasonable
D．necessary
答案 B
解析 参见上题解析。
46．A.frequently
B．simply
C．naturally
D．desperately
答案 D
解析 布隆迪“极度(desperately)”想将狮子再次引入到国家公园。
47．A.small
B．similar
C．strange
D．ideal
答案 C
解析 由下文的“you
get
too
many
prey(猎物)
species，like
giraffes
and
zebras”可知，没有狮子会导致一系列“奇怪的(strange)”事情发生。
48．A.nature
B．body C．power
D．trade
答案 A
解析 由下文所举的猎物增多的例子可推断，此处是说“自然生态平衡”。故选nature。
49．A.live
B．wild C．large
D．trapped
答案 B
解析 由下文的“when
farmers
try
to...their
plants
or
animals”可推断，此处是说野生动物受到威胁。故选wild。
50．A.protect
B．move
C．use
D．improve
答案 A
解析 农民会设法“保护(protect)”他们的植物或动物。
51．A.put
up
with
B．caught
up
with
C．come
up
with
D．kept
up
with
答案 C
解析 他所在的组织已经“想出(come
up
with)”一套缓解人类和野生生物冲突的工具。
52．A.pressure
B．distance
C．speed
D．conflict
答案 D
解析 由下文的“explain
to
them
how
wildlife
behaves，and
then
show
them
what
the
risky
behaviors
are，and
how
...”可知，这套工具可以用来缓解人类和野生生物之间的“冲突(conflict)”。
53．A.farmers
B．workers
C．gardeners
D．experts
答案 A
解析 由下文可知，这套工具是供推广人员向“农民(farmers)”宣传有关环保知识时使用的。
54．A.clear
B．water
C．find
D．plan
答案 D
解析 上文多次提到狮子(或野生生物)和人类争夺土地，因此，要缓解二者之间的冲突就需要教育农民如何相应地“规划(plan)”自己的田地。
Ⅶ.语法填空
“Save
environment，save
life”
is
a
most
common
and
important
saying
nowadays.Just
by
making
a
few
small
changes，we
can
make
a
big
contribution
and
save
our
environment.When
the
entire
society
starts
making
these
changes，we
55
(create)
a
beautiful
world.
Start
by
56
(turn)
off
the
lights，TVs
and
other
electrical
items
when
we
leave
a
room.If
possible，avoid
using
a
dryer
but
hang
your
clothes
on
a
clothesline.Not
only
will
you
save
power
and
reduce
your
contribution
to
57
(globe)
warming，but
also
you
will
have
clothes
that
last
longer.
Replace
plastic
bags
58
recycling
paper
bags.The
white
pollution
is
one
of
the
59
(big)
environmental
problems
that
are
now
troubling
the
whole
world.
Do
your
bit
for
nature
by
planting
a
tree.If
all
of
us
plant
trees，
60
will
make
the
whole
world
green.
Aside
from
61
is
mentioned
above，there
are
many
you
can
do
as
far
as
environmental
62
(protect)
is
concerned.Just
pay
attention
to
your
own
deeds
that
are
contributing
63
the
environmental
problems
on
this
planet.Just
do
your
bit
and
it
will
make
a
big
64
(different)．
语篇解读 保护环境就是保护我们的生命。只要我们做一些小小的改变，就能产生巨大的影响。作者列举了一些日常的、我们力所能及的保护环境的举措。
55．答案 will
create
解析 考查时态。句意为：当全社会都开始做出这些改变时，我们将会创造一个美丽的世界。根据语境可知此处表示将来含义。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。
56．答案 turning
解析 考查非谓语动词。介词by后应加动名词作宾语，故填turning。
57．答案 global
解析 考查形容词。warming在此是名词，意为“变暖；升温”，修饰名词应用形容词global。
58．答案 with
解析 考查固定搭配。replace...with...为固定结构，意为“用……代替……”。
59．答案 biggest
解析 考查形容词最高级。“one
of
the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”为固定结构，意为“……中最……之一”。故此处应用形容词最高级，故填biggest。
60．答案 we
解析 考查代词。根据句意“如果我们都植树，我们将会使整个世界变绿”可知，此处应填人称代词主格we。
61．答案 what
解析 考查连接词。句意为：除了上述提到的……，填what，表示“所……的”。
62．答案 protection
解析 考查名词。根据空前的形容词可知设空处应填名词，environmental
protection意为“环境保护”，符合句意。
63．答案 to
解析 考查固定搭配。contribute
to为固定搭配，意为“促成，造成”。
64．答案 difference
解析 考查名词。形容词big应修饰名词，make
a
big
difference是固定表达，意为“意义重大；产生很大影响”。单元知识滚动练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The
young
man
does
some
running
to
strengthen(增强)
his
body.
2．You
should
be
ashamed(惭愧的)
of
yourself
for
telling
such
lies.
3．The
doors
opened
automatically(自动地)
as
we
approached.
4．The
doctor
said
that
their
baby
was
abnormal(畸形的)，which
made
the
couple
very
sad.
5．The
plan
received
widespread(普遍的)
support
throughout
the
country.
6．The
unemployment
problem
tends
to
be
a
city
phenomenon(现象)．
7．Nowadays，China
has
become
the
largest
consumer
of
mobile
phones.On
average(平均)，everyone
has
a
mobile
phone.
8．Our
group
still
needs
one
person
for
the
coming
presentation(演出)．Why
don’t
you
join
us?
9．Could
you
tell
me
how
and
when
the
universe
came
into
existence(存在)?
10．The
war
was
a
terrible
catastrophe(灾难)
in
which
many
people
died
and
many
buildings
were
destroyed.
Ⅱ.选词填空
take
risks，in
spite
of，get
into，decide
on，result
in，be
opposed
to，subscribe
to，as
a
consequence
of，under
the
circumstances，put
up
with
11．Don’t
decide
on
important
matters
too
quickly.
12．If
you
keep
on
ignoring
the
teacher’s
advice，you
will
get
into
a
situation
where
you
fall
behind
others
in
all
subjects.
13．In
spite
of
the
bad
weather，I
had
fun
meeting
friends
and
relatives.
14．He
doesn’t
want
to
take
risks
of
losing
his
job，because
he
has
become
the
main
source
of
family’s
income.
15．My
father
is
coughing
frequently
as
a
consequence
of
smoking
these
days.
16．At
first
he
was
opposed
to
our
plan，but
we
managed
to
argue
him
round.
17．The
accident
resulted
in
three
people
being
killed.
18．I
planned
to
subscribe
to
three
newspapers.
19．Under
the
circumstances，you’d
better
not
tell
him
the
bad
news.
20．The
noise
is
so
loud
that
I
can’t
put
up
with
it.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
21．They
lost
the
game，which
made
the
fans
very
disappointed(disappoint)．
22．When
they
reached
the
top
of
the
mountain，they
were
all
breathless(breath)．
23．While
people
may
refer
to
television
for
up?to?date
news，it
is
unlikely(likely)
that
television
will
replace
the
newspaper
completely.
24．As
a
matter
of
fact，every
driver
knows
that
it
is
illegal(legal)
to
drive
after
drinking.
25．If
cancers
are
spotted
early，there’s
a
high
chance
of
survival(survive)．
26．Those
trapped(trap)
in
the
burning
building
managed
to
escape.
27．We
oppose
copying(copy)
everything
foreign.
28．As
we
all
know，the
growth(grow)
of
crops
depends
on
sunlight.
29．Everyone
should
try
to
make
a
contribution(contribute)
to
our
country.
30．It
is
so
cold
that
you
cannot
go
outside
unless
fully
covered(cover)
in
thick
clothes.
31．Do
you
advocate
adopting(adopt)
a
more
flexible
approach
to
the
matter?
32．Lucy
has
a
tendency(tend)
to
talk
too
much
every
day.
33．The
government
spokesperson
made
a
statement(state)
to
the
press.
34．Was
it
in
the
house
where
you
were
born
that
you
experienced
the
earthquake?
35．There
are(be)
quantities
of
apples
in
the
basket.
Ⅳ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
36．I’m
not
a
little
tired
today
after
giving
the
room
a
thorough
cleaning
and
I
have
never
had
as
more
tiring
a
day
as
today.
37．Accustomed
to
in
the
beautiful
country，Tom
found
it
difficult
to
live
in
the
crowded
city.
38．It
was
the
housewife
invented
the
new
equipment.
39．He
glanced
her
to
see
if
she
agreed
with
him.
40．Work
hard，or
you
will
live
a
hard
life
as
consequence.
41．He
was
fired
because
of
his
attitude
towards
his
work.
42．He
received
average
of
10
letters
a
week.
43．The
kind
woman
has
made
a
contribution
to
the
poor.
44．We
are
very
lucky，for
our
friendship
is
developing
.
45．Exercise
can
make
a
big
difference
your
state
of
health.
Ⅴ.单元语法——根据要求翻译句子
46．刚才打电话的是莉莉吗？(用强调句型的一般疑问句形式)
Was
it
Lily
that
phoned
just
now?
47．直到你把作业做完才准出去。(强调not...until...)
It
is
not
until
you’ve
finished
your
homework
that
you
are
allowed
to
go
out.
48．第二十九届奥运会在中国举行。(强调地点状语)
It
was
in
China
that
the
29th
Olympic
Games
were
held.
49．他是在什么地方买到这辆自行车的？(用强调句型的特殊疑问句形式)
Where
was
it
that
he
bought
the
bike?
50．They
didn’t
meet
each
other
in
the
park.(用强调句型的否定句改写句子)
It
was
not
in
the
park
that
they
met
each
other.(共19张PPT)
Global
warming
Unit
4
PART
1
语法导学
PART
2
达标检测
Period
Four Grammar—The
use
of
“it”(2)
PART
1
语法导学
感悟规律
重点难点剖析
感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题
◆语法感知
1.There
is
no
doubt
that
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer(see
Graph
1)
and
that
it
is
human
activity
that
has
caused
this
global
warming
rather
than
a
random
but
natural
phenomenon.
2.It
was
a
scientist
called
Charles
Keeling
who
made
accurate
measurements
of
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
atmosphere
from
1957
to
1997.
3.They
also
agree
that
it
is
the
burning
of
more
and
more
fossil
fuels
that
has
resulted
in
this
increase
in
carbon
dioxide.
这些句子都是
，句中的划线部分标出了句中的强调结构，即：__
＋被强调部分＋
＋其他。句首用it，be动词总是用单数形式，即is或was，连接词一般用
，当被强调部分是“人”时，连接词也可用
。
查看答案
it
is/was
that/who
that
who
强调句型
强调句型中的it：
1.肯定句
It
is
(was)＋被强调部分＋that
(who)＋其他部分：
It
was
in
Beijing
that
I
saw
the
film
Wolf
Warriors
Ⅱ.
我是在北京看了电影《战狼Ⅱ》。
2.否定句
It
is
(was)
not＋被强调部分＋that
(who)＋其他部分
It
is
(was)
not
until...＋that＋其他部分：
It
was
not
for
several
years
that
I
had
an
opportunity
of
seeing
him
again.
＝I
did
not
have
an
opportunity
of
seeing
him
again
for
several
years.
我有好几年没有机会再见到他了。
◆语法精析
It
was
not
until
twelve
o’clock
last
night
that
he
went
to
bed.
＝He
didn’t
go
to
bed
until
twelve
o’clock
last
night.
昨晚他12点才去睡觉。
It
was
not
until
I
got
off
the
bus
that
I
realized
it.
＝I
didn’t
realize
it
until
I
got
off
the
bus.
直到下车我才意识到这一点。
3.疑问句
(1)强调句的一般疑问句只需把is/was提前，即：Is(Was)
it＋被强调部分＋that(who)＋其他部分：
Was
it
you
who/that
broke
the
window?
是你把窗户打破了吗？
(2)强调句的特殊疑问句，只需在一般疑问句前加上特殊疑问词即可，即：特殊疑问词＋is
(was)
it＋that＋其他部分：
Who
was
it
that
broke
the
window?
打破窗户的是谁？
When
was
it
that
you
called
me
yesterday?
你昨天是什么时候打电话给我的？
特别提示
(1)不论强调句子的哪一部分，都可用that连接句子的其余部分。
(2)被强调部分指人时，可用who取代that。
(3)it之后的be动词的时态通常要与that之后的谓语保持一致。
疑难辨析
高考中单纯考查it强调句型的试题越来越少，更多的是把它放在一个复杂的语境中，其中含有很多干扰因素在内，让人难以判断。具体表现在以下几个方面：
1.与主谓一致结合在一起考查。
强调主语时，that或who后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语的人称与数保持一致。
It
is
he
who
is
wrong.错的是他。
2.强调句型要注意和it代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。
It
was
at
8
o’clock
that
he
arrived
home.
他是八点到家的。
It
was
8
o’clock
when
he
arrived
home.
他到家时八点了。
3.强调句型不能强调谓语，如需强调谓语，用助动词do，does
或did。
He
did
write
to
you
last
week.
他上星期确实给你写信了。
4.强调句型与定语从句、主语从句、宾语从句、状语从句结合在一起。
It
was
at
the
school
that/which
was
named
after
the
hero
that
he
spent
his
childhood.
他是在那所以英雄的名字命名的学校度过了他的童年。
单句语法填空
1.It
was
only
when
the
car
pulled
up
in
front
of
our
house
we
saw
Lily
in
the
passenger
seat.(2018·天津)
2.It
was
when
I
got
back
to
my
apartment
I
first
came
across
my
new
neighbors.(2017·天津)
3.You
are
waiting
at
a
wrong
place.It
is
at
the
hotel
the
coach
picks
up
tourists.(2016·天津)
4.It
was
when
we
were
returning
home
I
realized
what
a
good
feeling
it
was
to
have
helped
someone
in
trouble.(2015·湖南)
◆高考链接
that
that
that
查看答案
that
5.Bach
died
in
1750，but
it
was
not
until
the
early
19th
century
his
musical
gift
was
fully
recognized.(2015·重庆)
6.It’s
not
doing
the
things
we
like，but
liking
the
things
we
have
to
do
_____
makes
life
happy.(2014·湖南)
查看答案
that
that
PART
2
达标检测
当堂检测
基础达标演练
1.It
was
in
France
he
fell
in
love
with
oil
paintings.
2.It
was
on
the
farm
his
father
worked
that
he
was
born.
3.How
was
it
she
managed
to
persuade
her
husband
to
resign
from
the
company?
4.It
Lucy
and
Mary
that
were
chosen
to
attend
the
ceremony.
5.
was
it
that
made
your
teacher
so
angry
the
other
day?
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
查看答案
that
where
that
was
What
6.It
was
on
the
playground
where
he
found
his
jacket.
7.It
was
because
of
the
bad
weather
so
the
football
match
had
to
be
put
off.
8.It
is
by
selling
vegetables
that
he
used
to
support
his
family.
9.It
was
in
the
year
1995
when
she
left
for
the
USA
for
further
study.
10.It
were
her
parents
that
helped
her
out
when
she
was
in
trouble.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
查看答案
that
that
was
that
was
11.是苏珊和约翰昨天没来上学。
___________________________________________________________
12.直到战争结束他才回到了他的祖国。
____________________________________________________________
13.这位女士正在寻找的是一本中文词典。
_________________________________________________
Ⅲ.翻译句子
It
was
Susan
and
John
who/that
were
absent
from
school
yesterday.
It
was
not
until
the
war
was
over
that
he
went
back
to
his
motherland.
It
was
a
Chinese
dictionary
that
the
lady
was
looking
for.
查看答案
14.你到底是什么时候收到礼物的？
___________________________________
15.这位教授是在1968年从山东大学毕业的吗？
______________________________________________________________
When
was
it
that
you
received
the
gift？
Was
it
in
1968
that
the
professor
graduated
from
Shandong
University？
查看答案(共37张PPT)
Global
warming
Unit
4
Period
Three Learning
about
Language
&
Using
Language
PART
1
基础自测
PART
2
课文预读
PART
3
互动探究
PART
4
达标检测
PART
1
基础自测
默写练习(二)
Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)
1.widespread
adj.
___________________
2.economical
adj.
________________
3.outer
adj.
________________
4.commitment
n.
_________________
5.electrical
adj.
_________________
6.appliance
n.
_________________
7.motor
n.
________
8.circumstance
n.
____________
9.presentation
n.
____________
10.disagreement
n.
_____________
查看答案
分布广的；普遍的
经济的；节约的
外部的；外面的
承诺；交托；信奉
电的；与电有关的
用具；工具；器具
发动机
环境；情况
显示；演出
分歧；不一致
Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共10小题；每题3分，满分30分)
11.
n.
倾向；趋势
12.
adj.
平均的
13.
n.
生存；存在
→
v.
存在
14.
vt.
拥护；提倡；主张
15.
n.
污染；弄脏
→
vt.
污染
16.
n.
增长；生长
→
vi.
生长；增长
tendency
average
existence
pollution
exist
advocate
pollute
grow
growth
查看答案
17.
adj.
随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的
→
adv.
随便地；偶然地
18.
vt.
使恢复；使振作
19.
n.
教育工作者；教育家
→
v.
教育
→
n.
教育
20.
n.
贡献
→
v.
贡献
casual
casually
refresh
educator
educate
education
contribution
contribute
查看答案
Ⅲ.写出下列短语(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)
21.大体上；基本上
____________
22.代表……一方；作为……的代言人
____________
23.承担义务
___________________
24.改善环境
________________________
25.有影响
_________________
26.忍受；容忍
____________
27.只要
____________
28.等等
__________
29.可回收材料
_________________
30.节约能源
_______________________
on
the
whole
on
behalf
of
have
a
commitment
improve
the
environment
make
a
difference
put
up
with
as/so
long
as
and
so
on
recycled
materials
be
economical
with
energy
查看答案
Ⅳ.完成句子(共5小题；每题6分，满分30分)
31.However，I
still
think
people
should
advocate
improvements
____________
.
然而我仍认为人们应该支持改善当今能源消耗的方式。
32.As
I’m
not
sure
，I
would
appreciate
any
suggestions
you
may
have.
由于我不清楚我该从哪里着手开始我的研究，如能得到你们的建议我将十分感激。
查看答案
in
the
way
we
use
energy
today
where
to
start
with
my
project
33.The
growth
of
the
greenhouse
gas，carbon
dioxide
in
the
air
actually
comes
.
空气中的温室气体二氧化碳的增长的确是来自我们许多的日常活动。
34.It
is
OK
to
leave
an
electrical
appliance
on
—
，
turn
it
off!
只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着——如果不用，就把它关掉！
35.
things
from
new
materials，so，if
you
can，buy
things
made
from
recycled
materials.
用新材料来做这些东西要花费大量的能源，因此，如有可能，就买那些用回收材料制成的物品吧。
as
a
result
of
many
things
we
do
every
day
so
long
as
you
are
using
it
if
not
It
takes
a
lot
of
energy
to
make
查看答案
PART
2
课文预读
回归教材
萃取文本主旨
Ⅰ.True(T)
or
False(F)
1.The
author(Ouyang
Guang)
thinks
that
individuals
have
little
effect
on
environmental
problems.(
)
2.In
fact，everyone’s
contribution
makes
a
difference
in
protecting
our
earth.(
)
3.It
is
OK
to
leave
an
electrical
appliance
on
if
you
aren’t
using
it.(
)
F
T
F
查看答案
Ⅱ.Read
the
letters
carefully
and
choose
the
best
answer.
1.Which
is
NOT
the
reason
why
Ouyang
Guang
writes
the
letter?
A.He
is
doing
a
project
on
global
warming.
B.He
feels
individuals
can
affect
huge
environmental
problems.
C.He
isn’t
sure
where
to
start
with
his
project.
D.He
wants
to
get
some
suggestions
from
Earth
Care.
√
查看答案
2.Which
is
NOT
true
according
to
the
second
letter?
A.Together，individuals
can
make
a
difference
to
environmental
problems.
B.Individuals
must
put
up
with
pollution.
C.Many
activities
individuals
do
can
produce
carbon
dioxide.
D.Individuals
can
save
energy
to
slow
down
global
warming.
√
查看答案
3.Which
is
NOT
Earth
Care’s
suggestion?
A.Turn
electrical
appliances
off
if
you
are
not
using
them.
B.Put
on
more
clothes
instead
of
turning
up
the
heat.
C.Buy
things
made
of
raw
materials.
D.Walk
or
ride
a
bike
if
you
can.
√
查看答案
4.Who
is
the
writer
of
the
first
letter?
A.An
editor.
B.Ouyang
Guang.
C.Earth
Care.
D.B
and
C.
√
查看答案
5.What’s
the
main
idea
of
the
two
letters?
A.Some
organizations
should
do
something
about
global
warming.
B.Suggestions
on
what
to
do
about
global
warming.
C.Individuals
needn’t
do
anything
about
global
warming.
D.Governments
should
take
measures
about
global
warming.
√
查看答案
PART
3
互动探究
探究重点
互动撞击思维
The
greenhouse
effect
gives
the
earth’s
surface
the
average
temperature
of
15℃.温室效应使地球表面的平均温度保持在15℃。
1
?average
adj.平均的；n.平均，平均数；平均水平
above/below
(the)
average高/低于平均水平
on
(the/an)
average平均；一般地
重点词汇
(1)The
average
number
of
electronic
devices
rose
from
four
per
household
in
1992
to
13
in
2007.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
家用电器的平均持有量从1992年的每户4件上升到2007年的每户13件。
(2)Freddy
was
an
average
student，but
not
an
average
person.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
弗雷德是一个普通的学生，但不是个普通人。
(3)He
is
working
hard
and
his
grade
is
in
his
class.
他学习刻苦，成绩在班里高于平均水平。
(4)
，men
smoke
more
cigarettes
than
women.
一般来说，男士比女士吸烟多。
above
(the)
average
查看答案
On
(the/an)
average
?on
behalf
of
sb.
＝on
sb.
’s
behalf代表或代替某人；为了某人的利益
2
I
am
doing
a
project
on
behalf
of
my
school
about
global
warming.
我正代表我的学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。
[易混辨析] on
behalf
of，represent，stand
for
※on
behalf
of是介词短语。
※represent
v.用来表示“代表某人/某个团体(政府等)”“某种标志代表什
么”“某物表现的是什么”和“把某人(物)描绘成什么”。
※stand
for动词短语，往往用来表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表什么”。
(1)I
will
take
part
in
the
sports
meeting
on
behalf
of
our
school.
＝I
will
our
school
to
take
part
in
the
sports
meeting.
我将代表我们学校参加运动会。
(2)What
do
the
letters
on
the
flag
?
这面旗上的字母代表什么？
represent
stand
for
查看答案
?make
a
difference有影响；起(重要)作用
3
Together，individuals
can
make
a
difference.众人拾柴火焰高。
make
some/no
difference
to对……有一些/没有影响
(1)Hannah
is
one
of
many
examples
of
young
people
who
are
making
a
difference
in
the
world.(2017·北京)
汉娜是很多对世界有影响的年轻人榜样中的一个例子。
(2)Age
to
whether
you
get
the
job
or
not.
你能否得到这个工作与年龄无关。
makes
no
difference
查看答案
4
We
do
not
have
to
put
up
with
pollution.我们不必去忍受污染。
put
on上映，上演；播放；穿上
put
aside节省；储蓄
put
away收起来
put
down记下；镇压
put
forward提出；把……拨快
put
out扑灭
?put
up
with容忍，忍受
(1)One
way
to
encourage
customers
to
stay
and
order
that
extra
round：put
on
some
Mozart.(2018·江苏)
吸引顾客留下额外点餐的一种方法就是播放莫扎特的曲子。
(2)The
woman
is
trying
to
put
aside
some
money
for
her
son’s
education
every
month.
这个女人每月尽量为儿子的教育攒些钱。
(3)You’d
better
ask
your
children
to
put
all
the
toys.
你最好让你的孩子们把玩具全部收起来放好。
(4)He
spoke
so
fast
that
I
couldn’t
put
what
he
said.
他说得那么快，我根本记不下来他说的话。
away
down
查看答案
5
Recycle
cans，bottles，plastic
bags
and
newspapers
if
circumstances
allow
you
to.如果情况允许的话，把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。
under/in
no
circumstances无论如何都不，决不(放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装)
under/in
the
circumstances在这种情况下；既然如此
?circumstance
n.环境；情况；境况(常用复数)
(1)Under
the
circumstances
she
could
do
nothing
but
wait.
在这种情况下，她除了等待别无选择。
(2)Under
no
circumstances
him
any
money.
你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。
should
you
lend
查看答案
6
Remember—your
contribution
counts！记住：你的贡献是很有价值的！
※make
a
contribution/contributions
to
(doing)
sth.
为(做)某事作出贡献
※contribute
v.贡献；捐献，捐助；投稿
contribute
to为……作贡献；有助于；促成
contribute...to...为……捐款；向……投稿
?contribution
n.贡献；捐款；稿件
(1)Everyone
should
make
a
contribution/contributions
to
protecting
the
environment.
每个人都应为保护环境作出贡献。
(2)Regular
exercise
will
your
health.
有规律的锻炼会有助于你的健康。
(3)He
has
a
number
of
articles
the
magazine.
他给这家杂志社撰写了许多文章。
[单句改错]
(4)Reading
English
every
morning
will
contribute
to
improve
your
oral
English.
contribute
to
查看答案
contributed
improving
to
It
is
OK
to
leave
an
electrical
appliance
on
so
long
as
you
are
using
it—if
not，turn
it
off！只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！
if
not如果不是这样，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，表示否定意义；如果表示肯定意义，则用if
so，意为“如果是这样”。
if
ever如果有过/发生过的话
if
any如果有的话；如果可能的话
if
possible如果有可能
经典句式
(1)Are
you
ready？If
so，let’s
set
off
at
once.
你准备好了吗？如果准备好了，我们立刻出发。
(2)The
girl
seldom，
，turned
to
her
brother
for
protection.
这个女孩，如果有过，也不经常向她哥哥寻求保护。
(3)Wash
it
in
water，pick
out
the
small
particles，
.
用清水冲洗它，如果有的话，把小颗粒拣出来。
(4)She
wants
to
go
with
us，
.
可能的话，她想跟我们一起去。
if
ever
if
any
if
possible
查看答案
PART
4
达标检测
当堂检测
基础达标演练
1.I
can
put
up
the
house
being
untidy，but
I
hate
it
if
it
is
not
clean.
2.He
is
ill，so
I
will
attend
the
ceremony
behalf
of
him.
3.Young
people
have
made
a
great
(contribute)
to
China’s
economic
development.
4.Whether
he
is
here
or
not
will
make
no
(differ)
to
our
work.
5.There
(exist)
a
generation
gap
between
the
young
and
the
old.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
查看答案
with
on
contribution
difference
exists
6.Is
that
a
size
6
hat？
，it
will
do
me.
那帽子是六号的吗？如果是，对我来说正合适。
7.Education
can
the
quality
of
a
person’s
life.
教育对一个人的生活品质有很大影响。
8.
the
first
to
use
nuclear
weapons.
我们在任何情况下绝不首先使用核武器。
Ⅱ.完成句子
查看答案
If
so
make
a
big
difference
to
Under/In
no
circumstances
will
we
be
9.Eating
too
much
fat
can
heart
disease
and
cause
high
blood
pressure.
食用含太多脂肪的食物会引起心脏病，导致高血压。
10.
，American
firms
remain
the
most
productive
in
the
world.
平均起来，美国公司在全球范围内还是产值最高。
查看答案
contribute
to
On
average
I
am
doing
a
project
on
behalf
of
my
school
about
global
warming.
Sometimes
I
felt
that
individuals
can
not
have
any
effect
at
such
huge
environmental
problems.Anyway，I’m
not
sure
where
to
start
it
with
my
project.So
I
would
love
to
get
any
suggestion.It
is
suggested
that
we
took
many
measures.For
example，we
can
buy
things
making
from
recycled
materials.
Ⅲ.课文短文改错
feel
on
suggestions
take
made
查看答案
Planting
trees
is
also
good
way.Important，we
can
ask
your
family
and
friends
to
work
together
with
us.We
can
get
our
parents
to
buy
products
that
are
made
to
save
energy.Remembering—our
contribution
counts.
查看答案
Importantly
our
Remember
∧
a单元知识回顾——默写练习(三)
Ⅰ.单元知识回顾(共30小题；每题2分，满分60分)
1．写出与come有关的短语
(1)发生；造成come
about
(2)出版；结果是；出来；开花come
out
(3)发芽；开始；走近；被提出come
up
(4)想出come
up
with
2．写出与quantity有关的短语
(1)大量的a
quantity
of/quantities
of
(2)大量地in
quantity/in
large
quantities
3．写出与tend/tendency有关的短语
(1)易于做某事；倾向于做某事tend
to
do
sth.
(2)喜欢做某事；倾向于做某事have
a
tendency
to
do
sth.
4．写出与result有关的短语
(1)产生，导致result
in
(2)由于；由……造成result
from
(3)结果，因此as
a
result
(4)作为……的结果；因为……as
a
result
of
5．写出与consequence有关的短语
(1)结果；因此as
a
consequence＝in
consequence
(2)由于……的缘故as
a
consequence
of＝in
consequence
of
6．写出与range有关的短语
(1)超出某人的范围out
of
one’s
range
(2)从A到B变动range
from
A
to
B
7．写出与glance有关的短语
(1)浏览，扫一眼glance
at
(2)粗略地看一下……take/give/have
a
glance
at...
(3)乍一看；乍看之下at
first
glance
8．写出与average有关的短语
(1)高/低于平均水平above/below
(the)
average
(2)平均；一般地on
(the/an)
average
9．代表或代替某人；为了某人的利益on
behalf
of
sb.＝on
sb.’s
behalf
10．有影响；起(重要)作用make
a
difference
11．写出与put有关的短语
(1)收起来put
away
(2)记下；镇压put
down
(3)提出；把……拨快put
forward
(4)忍受；容忍put
up
with
12．无论如何都不，决不(放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装)under/in
no
circumstances
13．写出与contribution/contribute有关的短语
(1)为(做)某事作出贡献make
a
contribution/contributions
to
(doing)
sth.
(2)为……作贡献；有助于；促成contribute
to
Ⅱ.完成句子(共5小题；每题4分，满分20分)
14．Standards
in
health
care
have
improved
enormously
when
compared
to
40
years
ago.
与40年前相比，医疗保健的水平得到了极大的提高。
15．There
is
no
doubt
that
my
brothers
can
remember
hours
spent
cleaning
the
house.
毫无疑问，我的兄弟们能记住打扫房间所花的时间。
16．As
long
as
you
have
direct
control
over
your
goal，you
have
a
much
higher
chance
of
success.
只要你对你的目标有直接的控制，你就有更高的成功概率。
17．It
was
at
that
moment
that
I
realized
this
program
was
so
powerful.
就在那一刻，我意识到这个项目是如此的强大。
18．Even
if
we
cannot
agree，we
should
maintain
our
contact.
即使我们不能取得一致，我们也要保持联系。
Ⅲ.知识运用于语境(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)
Refresh
Our
Environment
As
the
director
stated
on
behalf
of
his
researching
group，the
data
of
this
graph
makes
a
clear
19.presentation(present)
of
the
future
environmental
tendency.On
one
hand，the
quantity
of
fuel
keeps
on
20.decreasing(decrease)
by
9%
per
year
while
the
growth
of
a
wide
range
of
pollution
has
been
a
global
trend.On
the
other
hand，the
mildly
but
steadily
going
21.up
of
the
average
temperature
is
resulting
in
catastrophes
like
widespread
floods.Without
disagreement，they
subscribe
to
the
view
22.that
it
is
humans’
existence
and
their
randomly
consuming
energy
that
result
in
this
phenomenon.
Many
people
have
a
commitment
that
23.developing(develop)
nuclear
power
or
energy
from
outer
space
will
stop
bad
consequences
coming
about.However，scientists
and
educators
24.are
opposed(oppose)
to
this
view
even
if
our
needs
may
be
met
on
the
whole.They
tend
25.to
advocate(advocate)
refreshing
our
circumstances
by
saving
energy
and
recycling
waste.26.It
is
suggested
that
we
use
energy?saving
appliances
such
as
electrical
motors，microwaves
and
so
on
and
not
be
27.casual(casually)
about
little
things
like
recycling
a
can.So
please
glance
around
and
see
what
you
can
do.So
long
28.as
everybody
makes
a
contribution，we
will
not
have
to
put
up
with
this
problem
anymore.Period
Four Grammar—The
use
of
“it”(2)
感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题
1．There
is
no
doubt
that
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer(see
Graph
1)
and
that
it
is
human
activity
that
has
caused
this
global
warming
rather
than
a
random
but
natural
phenomenon.
2．It
was
a
scientist
called
Charles
Keeling
who
made
accurate
measurements
of
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
atmosphere
from
1957
to
1997.
3．They
also
agree
that
it
is
the
burning
of
more
and
more
fossil
fuels
that
has
resulted
in
this
increase
in
carbon
dioxide.
这些句子都是强调句型，句中的划线部分标出了句中的强调结构，即：it
is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。句首用it，be动词总是用单数形式，即is或was，连接词一般用that，当被强调部分是“人”时，连接词也可用who。
强调句型中的it：
1．肯定句
It
is
(was)＋被强调部分＋that
(who)＋其他部分：
It
was
in
Beijing
that
I
saw
the
film
Wolf
Warriors
Ⅱ.
我是在北京看了电影《战狼Ⅱ》。
2．否定句
It
is
(was)
not＋被强调部分＋that
(who)＋其他部分
It
is
(was)
not
until...＋that＋其他部分：
It
was
not
for
several
years
that
I
had
an
opportunity
of
seeing
him
again.
＝I
did
not
have
an
opportunity
of
seeing
him
again
for
several
years.
我有好几年没有机会再见到他了。
It
was
not
until
twelve
o’clock
last
night
that
he
went
to
bed.
＝He
didn’t
go
to
bed
until
twelve
o’clock
last
night.
昨晚他12点才去睡觉。
It
was
not
until
I
got
off
the
bus
that
I
realized
it.
＝I
didn’t
realize
it
until
I
got
off
the
bus.
直到下车我才意识到这一点。
3．疑问句
(1)强调句的一般疑问句只需把is/was提前，即：Is(Was)
it＋被强调部分＋that(who)＋其他部分：
Was
it
you
who/that
broke
the
window?
是你把窗户打破了吗？
(2)强调句的特殊疑问句，只需在一般疑问句前加上特殊疑问词即可，即：特殊疑问词＋is
(was)
it＋that＋其他部分：
Who
was
it
that
broke
the
window?
打破窗户的是谁？
When
was
it
that
you
called
me
yesterday?
你昨天是什么时候打电话给我的？
特别提示 (1)不论强调句子的哪一部分，都可用that连接句子的其余部分。
(2)被强调部分指人时，可用who取代that。
(3)it之后的be动词的时态通常要与that之后的谓语保持一致。
疑难辨析
高考中单纯考查it强调句型的试题越来越少，更多的是把它放在一个复杂的语境中，其中含有很多干扰因素在内，让人难以判断。具体表现在以下几个方面：
1．与主谓一致结合在一起考查。
强调主语时，that或who后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语的人称与数保持一致。
It
is
he
who
is
wrong.错的是他。
2．强调句型要注意和it代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。
It
was
at
8
o’clock
that
he
arrived
home.
他是八点到家的。
It
was
8
o’clock
when
he
arrived
home.
他到家时八点了。
3．强调句型不能强调谓语，如需强调谓语，用助动词do，does
或did。
He
did
write
to
you
last
week.
他上星期确实给你写信了。
4．强调句型与定语从句、主语从句、宾语从句、状语从句结合在一起。
It
was
at
the
school
that/which
was
named
after
the
hero
that
he
spent
his
childhood.
他是在那所以英雄的名字命名的学校度过了他的童年。
单句语法填空
1．It
was
only
when
the
car
pulled
up
in
front
of
our
house
that
we
saw
Lily
in
the
passenger
seat.(2018·天津)
2．It
was
when
I
got
back
to
my
apartment
that
I
first
came
across
my
new
neighbors.(2017·天津)
3．You
are
waiting
at
a
wrong
place.It
is
at
the
hotel
that
the
coach
picks
up
tourists.(2016·天津)
4．It
was
when
we
were
returning
home
that
I
realized
what
a
good
feeling
it
was
to
have
helped
someone
in
trouble.(2015·湖南)
5．Bach
died
in
1750，but
it
was
not
until
the
early
19th
century
that
his
musical
gift
was
fully
recognized.(2015·重庆)
6．It’s
not
doing
the
things
we
like，but
liking
the
things
we
have
to
do
that
makes
life
happy.
(2014·湖南)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It
was
in
France
that
he
fell
in
love
with
oil
paintings.
2．It
was
on
the
farm
where
his
father
worked
that
he
was
born.
3．How
was
it
that
she
managed
to
persuade
her
husband
to
resign
from
the
company?
4．It
was
Lucy
and
Mary
that
were
chosen
to
attend
the
ceremony.
5．What
was
it
that
made
your
teacher
so
angry
the
other
day?
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
6．It
was
on
the
playground
he
found
his
jacket.
7．It
was
because
of
the
bad
weather
the
football
match
had
to
be
put
off.
8．It
by
selling
vegetables
that
he
used
to
support
his
family.
9．It
was
in
the
year
1995
she
left
for
the
USA
for
further
study.
10．It
her
parents
that
helped
her
out
when
she
was
in
trouble.
Ⅲ.翻译句子
11．是苏珊和约翰昨天没来上学。
It
was
Susan
and
John
who/that
were
absent
from
school
yesterday.
12．直到战争结束他才回到了他的祖国。
It
was
not
until
the
war
was
over
that
he
went
back
to
his
motherland.
13．这位女士正在寻找的是一本中文词典。
It
was
a
Chinese
dictionary
that
the
lady
was
looking
for.
14．你到底是什么时候收到礼物的？
When
was
it
that
you
received
the
gift?
15．这位教授是在1968年从山东大学毕业的吗？
Was
it
in
1968
that
the
professor
graduated
from
Shandong
University？
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It
was
not
just
the
size
of
the
party
last
night
but
what
it
meant
to
our
company
that
made
it
unique.
2．He
was
so
busy
yesterday
that
it
was
not
until
late
at
night
that
he
finished
his
work.
3．It
was
only
when
I
reread
his
poems
recently
that
I
began
to
appreciate
their
beauty.
4．—When
did
you
come
back
last
night?
—It
was
not
until
11
o’clock
when
the
party
ended.
5．Was
it
on
a
lonely
island
that
he
was
saved
one
month
after
the
boat
went
down?
6．It
is
five
months
since
my
son
went
to
America.
7．It
was
five
months
ago
that
my
son
went
to
America.
8．It
will
be
half
a
year
before
my
son
comes
back
from
America.
9．It
was
midnight
when
she
was
woken
up
by
a
phone
call.
10．It
was
at
midnight
that
she
was
woken
up
by
a
phone
call.
Ⅱ.强调下列各句中的黑体部分
11．I
was
taught
how
to
drive
last
year.
→It
was
last
year
that
I
was
taught
how
to
drive.
12．What
he
said
satisfied
all
the
people
present.
→It
was
what
he
said
that
satisfied
all
the
people
present.
13．In
the
city
where
they
spent
their
holiday，they
had
a
quarrel
for
the
first
time.
→It
was
in
the
city
where
they
spent
their
holiday
that
they
had
a
quarrel
for
the
first
time.
14．Where
did
the
police
find
the
missing
child?
→Where
was
it
that
the
police
found
the
missing
child?
15．They
didn’t
leave
to
travel
until
they
finished
the
work.
→It
was
not
until
they
finished
the
work
that
they
left
to
travel.
16．Because
they
couldn’t
stand
the
big
noise，they
decided
to
move
out
of
the
house
near
the
railway.
→It
was
because
they
couldn’t
stand
the
big
noise
that
they
decided
to
move
out
of
the
house
near
the
railway.
Ⅲ.完成句子
17．It
was
when
he
lost
what
he
had
that
he
realized
it
was
very
important.(强调时间状语)
只有当他失去他所拥有的东西时他才意识到它很重要。
18．It
was
because
he
was
ill
that
he
didn’t
go
to
school.(强调原因状语)
因为生病，他没有去上学。
19．It
was
the
driver
that/who
was
to
blame
for
the
car
accident.(强调主语)
这位司机应为车祸负责。
20．I
wondered
where
it
was
that
I
had
left
my
wallet.(强调where)
我想知道我把钱包落在哪儿了。
21．When
was
it
that
the
tower
was
built？(强调疑问词)
这座塔是什么时候建的？
22．Is
it
by
plane
that
they
will
go
to
travel？(强调方式状语)
他们将乘飞机去旅行吗？
能力提升
Ⅳ.阅读理解
In
1978，I
was
18
and
was
working
as
a
nurse
in
a
small
town
about
270
km
away
from
Sydney，Australia.I
was
looking
forward
to
having
five
days
off
from
duty.Unfortunately，the
only
one
train
a
day
back
to
my
home
in
Sydney
had
already
left.So
I
thought
I’d
hitch
a
ride(搭便车)．
I
waited
by
the
side
of
the
highway
for
three
hours
but
no
one
stopped
for
me.Finally，a
man
walked
over
and
introduced
himself
as
Gordon.He
said
that
although
he
couldn’t
give
me
a
lift，I
should
come
back
to
his
house
for
lunch.He
noticed
me
standing
for
hours
in
the
November
heat
and
thought
I
must
be
hungry.I
was
doubtful
as
a
young
girl
but
he
assured(使……放心)
me
I
was
safe，and
he
also
offered
to
help
me
find
a
lift
home
afterwards.When
we
arrived
at
his
house，he
made
us
sandwiches.After
lunch，he
helped
me
find
a
lift
home.
Twenty?five
years
later，in
2003，while
I
was
driving
to
a
nearby
town
one
day，I
saw
an
elderly
man
standing
in
the
glaring
heat，trying
to
hitch
a
ride.I
thought
it
was
another
chance
to
repay
someone
for
the
favour
I’d
been
given
decades
earlier.I
pulled
over
and
picked
him
up.I
made
him
comfortable
on
the
back
seat
and
offered
him
some
water.
After
a
few
moments
of
small
talk，the
man
said
to
me，“You
haven’t
changed
a
bit，even
your
red
hair
is
still
the
same.”
I
couldn’t
remember
where
I’d
met
him.He
then
told
me
he
was
the
man
who
had
given
me
lunch
and
helped
me
find
a
lift
all
those
years
ago.It
was
Gordon.
语篇解读 25年前“我”得到Gordon的帮助，25年后Gordon又偶然地得到“我”的帮助。作者通过这个故事告诉我们：给予有时会产生好的结果。
23．The
author
had
to
hitch
a
ride
one
day
in
1978
because
.
A．her
work
delayed
her
trip
to
Sydney
B．she
missed
the
only
train
back
home
C．she
was
going
home
for
her
holiday
D．the
town
was
far
away
from
Sydney
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，唯一的一趟回家的火车已经离开，所以“我”想搭便车回家，故B项正确。
24．Which
of
the
following
did
Gordon
do
according
to
Paragraph
2?
A．He
helped
the
girl
find
a
ride.
B．He
gave
the
girl
a
ride
back
home.
C．He
bought
sandwiches
for
the
girl.
D．He
watched
the
girl
for
three
hours.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第三句“...he
also
offered
to
help
me
find
a
lift
home
afterwards.”及最后一句可知，A项正确。
25．The
reason
why
the
author
offered
a
lift
to
the
elderly
man
was
that
.
A．she
realized
he
was
Gordon
B．she
had
known
him
for
decades
C．she
was
going
to
the
nearby
town
D．she
wanted
to
repay
the
favour
she
once
got
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，“我”认为这是回报二十五年前给“我”帮助的人的又一次机会。故D项正确。
26．What
does
the
author
want
to
tell
the
readers
through
the
story?
A．Those
who
give
rides
will
be
repaid.
B．Good
manners
bring
about
happiness.
C．Giving
sometimes
produces
nice
results.
D．People
should
offer
free
rides
to
others.
答案 C
解析 写作意图题。综合全文内容可知，25年前“我”得到Gordon的帮助，25年后Gordon又偶然地得到“我”的帮助。所以作者想通过这个故事告诉我们：给予有时会产生好的结果。故选C项。
Ⅴ.完形填空
This
past
summer
I
went
on
a
journey
to
Canada’s
Arctic
with
Students
On
Ice.When
I
left
Calgary
I
27
what
I
would
find，what
I
would
learn
and
who
I
would
meet.On
the
trip
to
Ottawa
I
was
wrapped
28
a
blanket
of
uncertainty
and
29
.
But
when
I
first
met
the
group
of
students，scientists
and
leaders，I
knew
that
I
didn’t
have
30
to
worry
about.The
group
was
amazingly
receptive
and
I
was
soon
part
of
a
big
family
31
on
an
amazing
adventure—an
adventure
of
a
lifetime!
When
we
reached
the
32
I
was
surprised
by
its
great
size
and
beauty
and
my
senses
were
repeatedly
33
and
amazed.
I
stood
on
the
Kapitan
Khlebnikov
and
34
twelve
Polar
bears.They
walked
in
35
of
seal
holes，and
36
waited
for
a
meal.
I
learned
that
polar
bears
are
37
only
one
out
of
every
twenty
hunting
attempts.I
saw
a
vast
land
that
appeared
untouched
and
original.
38
，I
learned
that
the
Arctic
and
its
people
are
being
threatened
by
pollution
and
global
warming.I
learned
that
pollutants
are
39
by
ocean
and
air
and
have
a
bad
40
on
all
Arctic
people.I
learned
that
global
warming
has
put
Polar
bears
at
41
because
a
warmer
climate
means
that
they
have
a
42
time
to
hunt
seals
on
the
ice.
The
trip
was
a
43
for
the
senses.I
have
learned
more
about
our
environment，and
particularly
how
alive
and
interesting
the
Arctic
is
and
44
it
is
so
important
to
take
care
of
it.I
learned
pollution，ignorance
of
individual
and
global
problems
need
to
be
45
.The
Arctic
deserves
to
be
preserved.My
trip
with
Students
On
Ice
has
made
me
more
determined
to
try
to
ensure
that
I
do
not
leave
46
footprints
on
either
Earth
or
its
people.
27．A.remembered
B．felt
C．doubted
D．wondered
答案 D
解析 remember记得；feel感觉；doubt怀疑；wonder想知道。当我离开卡尔加里的时候，我想知道我将会发现什么，我将会学到什么，以及我将会遇见谁。根据句意可知选D。
28．A.in
B．with
C．up
D．son
答案 A
解析 be
wrapped
in完全沉浸于。在去渥太华的途中，我完全被不确定和兴奋笼罩。可知答案为A。
29．A.worry
B．excitement
C．sorrow
D．sympathy
答案 B
解析 句意见上题解析。worry担忧；excitement兴奋；sorrow悲痛；sympathy同情。可知答案为B。
30．A.nothing
B．everything
C．anything
D．something
答案 C
解析 nothing无事；everything每件事情；anything任何事情；something某事。但当我第一次见到这群学生、科学家和领导者们时，我知道我没有什么可担心的。故选C。
31．A.setting
out
B．looking
down
C．getting
along
D．breaking
away
答案 A
解析 set
out出发；look
down往下看；get
along进展；break
away脱离。开始了一场奇妙的冒险。根据句意可知答案为A。
32．A.Calgary
B．Arctic
C．Ottawa
D．Kapitan
答案 B
解析 当我们到达北极的时候，我惊讶于它的壮观和美丽，我的感官被反复地震惊和惊讶。根据句意可知选B。
33．A.frozen
B．awoken
C．shocked
D．destroyed
答案 C
解析 句意见上题解析。freeze(使)结冰；awake唤醒；shock使震惊；destroy毁掉。根据句意可知选C。
34．A.counted
B．seized
C．shot
D．saw
答案 D
解析 count数数，称得上；seize抓住；shoot射击；see看见。我看到了十二只北极熊。故选D。
35．A.search
B．sight
C．direction
D．fear
答案 A
解析 search搜寻；sight视力；direction方向；fear害怕。它们走着寻找海豹的洞，耐心地等待着一顿饭。in
search
of寻找，搜寻，故答案为A。
36．A.happily
B．firmly
C．constantly
D．patiently
答案 D
解析 句意见上题解析。happily高兴地；firmly坚定地；constantly不断地；patiently耐心地。根据句意可知答案为D。
37．A.clever
B．successful C．alive
D．crazy
答案 B
解析 clever聪明的；successful成功的；alive活着的；crazy疯狂的。我了解到，北极熊每二十次尝试中只有一次成功。故选B。
38．A.Therefore
B．Besides
C．However
D．Anyhow
答案 C
解析 therefore因此；besides另外；however然而；anyhow无论如何。然而，我了解到北极和那里的居民正受到污染和全球变暖的威胁。联系上下文此处表示转折。故选C。
39．A.blown
B．flowed
C．carried
D．produced
答案 C
解析 blow风吹；flow流动；carry搬运；produce生产。我得知由海洋和空气携带的污染物对所有北极的人都有不好的影响。根据句意可知选C。
40．A.effect
B．result
C．habit
D．service
答案 A
解析 effect影响；result结果；habit习惯；service服务。have
an
effect
on
sth.对……有影响，故答案为A。
41．A.war
B．peace
C．work
D．risk
答案 D
解析 at
war处于交战状态；at
peace处于和平状态；at
work在工作；at
risk处于险境，受到威胁。我了解到，全球变暖让北极熊受到威胁，因为气候变暖意味着它们在冰面上捕猎海豹的时间更短。故选D。
42．A.fewer
B．shorter
C．better
D．harder
答案 B
解析 句意见上题解析。fewer较少的；shorter更短的；better更好的；harder更难的。根据句意可知选B。
43．A.challenge
B．feast
C．test
D．comfort
答案 B
解析 challenge挑战；feast宴会；test
测试；comfort安慰。这次旅行是感官的盛宴。故选B。
44．A.how
B．when
C．why
D．where
答案 C
解析 我对我们的环境有了更多的了解，特别是北极是多么的生机勃勃和有趣，以及为什么照顾它是如此的重要。此处是why引导的宾语从句。故选C。
45．A.solved
B．shown
C．mentioned
D．understood
答案 A
解析 solve解决；show展示；mention提到；understand明白，理解。我了解到污染、个人的无知和全球性的变暖问题需要被解决。故选A。
46．A.clear
B．solid
C．steady
D．harmful
答案 D
解析 clear清楚的；solid固体的；steady稳定的；harmful有害的。努力确保我不会在地球上或其人民身上留下有害的足迹。根据句意可知选D。
Ⅵ.语法填空
A
rain
forest
is
an
area
47
(cover)
by
tall
trees
with
the
total
high
rainfall
spreading
quite
equally
through
the
year.Rain
forests
have
a
great
effect
on
the
world
environment
because
they
can
take
in
heat
from
the
sun
and
adjust
the
climate.
48
the
forest
cover，these
areas
would
reflect
more
heat
into
the
atmosphere，
49
(warm)
the
rest
of
the
world.Losing
the
rain
forests
may
also
influence
wind
and
rainfall
patterns，potentially
causing
certain
natural
disasters
all
over
the
world.
In
the
past
hundred
years，humans
50
(begin)
destroying
rain
forests
in
search
of
three
major
resources：land
for
crops，wood
for
paper
and
other
products，land
for
raising
farm
51
(animal)．This
action
affects
the
environment
as
a
whole.For
example，a
lot
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
air
comes
from
burning
the
rain
forests.People
52
(obvious)
have
a
need
for
the
resources
we
gain
from
cutting
trees，
53
we
will
suffer
much
more
than
we
will
benefit.
Rain
forests
are
often
called
the
world’s
drug
store.More
than
25%
of
the
medicines
we
use
today
come
from
plants
in
rain
forests.However，fewer
than
1%
of
rainforest
plants
have
been
examined
for
their
54
(medicine)
value.It
is
extremely
likely
55
our
best
chance
to
cure
diseases
56
(lie)
somewhere
in
the
world’s
shrinking
rain
forests.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了雨林的作用，以及人们破坏雨林的原因和造成的影响等。
47．答案 covered
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语动词作定语修饰area，它与所修饰的词之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以应用过去分词。故填covered。
48．答案 Without
解析 考查介词。句意为：没有雨林覆盖的话，这些区域反射到大气中的热量会更多，从而会使地球其余区域变暖。由句意可知此处应用介词Without。
49．答案 warming
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语动词作结果状语，它与其逻辑主语(空前描述的这件事)之间是主动关系，所以应用现在分词。故填warming。
50．答案 have
begun
解析 考查时态。根据本句中的时间状语In
the
past
hundred
years及下文内容可判断出，此处表示发生在过去，且对现在仍有影响的动作，故应用现在完成时。
51．答案 animals
解析 考查名词单复数。animal是可数名词，根据上下文语境可以判断出，此处应用animal的复数形式。故填animals。
52．答案 obviously
解析 考查副词。设空处修饰整个句子应用obvious的副词形式。故填obviously。
53．答案 but
解析 考查连词。句意为：很明显，我们需要那些我们从砍伐树木中获得的资源，但是我们因此遭受的苦难要比我们所获得的益处要多得多。根据句意可知，前后两个分句之间为转折关系，所以应用but。
54．答案 medical
解析 考查形容词。设空处修饰名词value作定语，应用medicine的形容词形式，故填medical。
55．答案 that
解析 考查主语从句。本句中的It作形式主语，后面的从句作真正的主语，因为从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，所以此处应用that。
56．答案 lies
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。lie是从句中的谓语动词，根据上下文语境可判断出，此处应用一般现在时；又因从句中的主语chance是单数，故填lies。
Ⅶ.短文改错
Dear
Mr
Green，
I’m
writing
to
tell
you
how
is
going
on
in
our
school—a
basketball
match
to
be
holding
next
month.The
match
will
be
played
among
Xinhua
Middle
School
Basketball
Team
and
ours.Now
we
are
organizing
a
basketball
team，included
a
teacher
as
a
player.We
honest
think
you
are
the
right
one，so
I’d
like
invite
you
to
join
our
team.We
had
also
planned
to
do
some
training
to
build
up
our
physical
strengths
and
improve
our
skills.I
am
sure
it
will
be
a
great
fun.All
of
us
are
expecting
him
to
come.
Yours，
Li
Hua
答案
Dear
Mr
Green，
I’m
writing
to
tell
you
is
going
on
in
our
school—a
basketball
match
to
be
next
month.The
match
will
be
played
Xinhua
Middle
School
Basketball
Team
and
ours.Now
we
are
organizing
a
basketball
team，
a
teacher
as
a
player.We
think
you
are
the
right
one，so
I’d
like
invite
you
to
join
our
team.We
also
planned
to
do
some
training
to
build
up
our
physical
and
improve
our
skills.I
am
sure
it
will
be
a
great
fun.All
of
us
are
expecting
to
come.
Yours，
Li
HuaPeriod
Three Learning
about
Language
&
Using
Language
Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)
1．widespread
adj.分布广的；普遍的
2．economical
adj.经济的；节约的
3．outer
adj.外部的；外面的
4．commitment
n．承诺；交托；信奉
5．electrical
adj.电的；与电有关的
6．appliance
n．用具；工具；器具
7．motor
n．发动机
8．circumstance
n．环境；情况
9．presentation
n．显示；演出
10．disagreement
n．分歧；不一致
Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共10小题；每题3分，满分30分)
11．tendency
n．倾向；趋势
12．average
adj.平均的
13．existence
n．生存；存在→exist
v．存在
14．advocate
vt.拥护；提倡；主张
15．pollution
n．污染；弄脏→pollute
vt.污染
16．growth
n．增长；生长→grow
vi.生长；增长
17．casual
adj.随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的→casually
adv.随便地；偶然地
18．refresh
vt.使恢复；使振作
19．educator
n．教育工作者；教育家→educate
v．教育→education
n．教育
20．contribution
n．贡献→contribute
v．贡献
Ⅲ.写出下列短语(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)
21．大体上；基本上on
the
whole
22．代表……一方；作为……的代言人on
behalf
of
23．承担义务have
a
commitment
24．改善环境improve
the
environment
25．有影响make
a
difference
26．忍受；容忍put
up
with
27．只要as/so
long
as
28．等等and
so
on
29．可回收材料recycled
materials
30．节约能源be
economical
with
energy
Ⅳ.完成句子(共5小题；每题6分，满分30分)
31．However，I
still
think
people
should
advocate
improvements
in
the
way
we
use
energy
today.
然而我仍认为人们应该支持改善当今能源消耗的方式。
32．As
I’m
not
sure
where
to
start
with
my
project，I
would
appreciate
any
suggestions
you
may
have.
由于我不清楚我该从哪里着手开始我的研究，如能得到你们的建议我将十分感激。
33．The
growth
of
the
greenhouse
gas，carbon
dioxide
in
the
air
actually
comes
as
a
result
of
many
things
we
do
every
day.空气中的温室气体二氧化碳的增长的确是来自我们许多的日常活动。
34．It
is
OK
to
leave
an
electrical
appliance
on
so
long
as
you
are
using
it—if
not，turn
it
off!
只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着——如果不用，就把它关掉！
35．It
takes
a
lot
of
energy
to
make
things
from
new
materials，so，if
you
can，buy
things
made
from
recycled
materials.
用新材料来做这些东西要花费大量的能源，因此，如有可能，就买那些用回收材料制成的物品吧。
Ⅰ.True(T)
or
False(F)
1．The
author(Ouyang
Guang)
thinks
that
individuals
have
little
effect
on
environmental
problems.(F)
2．In
fact，everyone’s
contribution
makes
a
difference
in
protecting
our
earth.(T)
3．It
is
OK
to
leave
an
electrical
appliance
on
if
you
aren’t
using
it.(F)
Ⅱ.Read
the
letters
carefully
and
choose
the
best
answer.
1．Which
is
NOT
the
reason
why
Ouyang
Guang
writes
the
letter?
A．He
is
doing
a
project
on
global
warming.
B．He
feels
individuals
can
affect
huge
environmental
problems.
C．He
isn’t
sure
where
to
start
with
his
project.
D．He
wants
to
get
some
suggestions
from
Earth
Care.
答案 B
2．Which
is
NOT
true
according
to
the
second
letter?
A．Together，individuals
can
make
a
difference
to
environmental
problems.
B．Individuals
must
put
up
with
pollution.
C．Many
activities
individuals
do
can
produce
carbon
dioxide.
D．Individuals
can
save
energy
to
slow
down
global
warming.
答案 B
3．Which
is
NOT
Earth
Care’s
suggestion?
A．Turn
electrical
appliances
off
if
you
are
not
using
them.
B．Put
on
more
clothes
instead
of
turning
up
the
heat.
C．Buy
things
made
of
raw
materials.
D．Walk
or
ride
a
bike
if
you
can.
答案 C
4．Who
is
the
writer
of
the
first
letter?
A．An
editor.
B．Ouyang
Guang.
C．Earth
Care.
D．B
and
C.
答案 B
5．What’s
the
main
idea
of
the
two
letters?
A．Some
organizations
should
do
something
about
global
warming.
B．Suggestions
on
what
to
do
about
global
warming.
C．Individuals
needn’t
do
anything
about
global
warming.
D．Governments
should
take
measures
about
global
warming.
答案 B
重点词汇
The
greenhouse
effect
gives
the
earth’s
surface
the
average
temperature
of
15℃.
温室效应使地球表面的平均温度保持在15℃。
average
adj.平均的；n.平均，平均数；平均水平
above/below
(the)
average高/低于平均水平
on
(the/an)
average平均；一般地
(1)The
average
number
of
electronic
devices
rose
from
four
per
household
in
1992
to
13
in
2007.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
家用电器的平均持有量从1992年的每户4件上升到2007年的每户13件。
(2)Freddy
was
an
average
student，but
not
an
average
person.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
弗雷德是一个普通的学生，但不是个普通人。
(3)He
is
working
hard
and
his
grade
is
above
(the)
average
in
his
class.
他学习刻苦，成绩在班里高于平均水平。
(4)On
(the/an)
average，men
smoke
more
cigarettes
than
women.一般来说，男士比女士吸烟多。
I
am
doing
a
project
on
behalf
of
my
school
about
global
warming.
我正代表我的学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。
on
behalf
of
sb.＝on
sb.’s
behalf代表或代替某人；
为了某人的利益
[易混辨析] on
behalf
of，represent，stand
for
※on
behalf
of是介词短语。
※represent
v．用来表示“代表某人/某个团体(政府等)”“某种标志代表什么”“某物表现的是什么”和“把某人(物)描绘成什么”。
※stand
for动词短语，往往用来表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表什么”。
(1)I
will
take
part
in
the
sports
meeting
on
behalf
of
our
school.
＝I
will
represent
our
school
to
take
part
in
the
sports
meeting.
我将代表我们学校参加运动会。
(2)What
do
the
letters
on
the
flag
stand
for?
这面旗上的字母代表什么？
Together，individuals
can
make
a
difference.
众人拾柴火焰高。
make
a
difference有影响；起(重要)作用
make
some/no
difference
to对……有一些/没有影响
(1)Hannah
is
one
of
many
examples
of
young
people
who
are
making
a
difference
in
the
world.(2017·北京)
汉娜是很多对世界有影响的年轻人榜样中的一个例子。
(2)Age
makes
no
difference
to
whether
you
get
the
job
or
not.
你能否得到这个工作与年龄无关。
We
do
not
have
to
put
up
with
pollution.
我们不必去忍受污染。
put
up
with容忍，忍受
put
on上映，上演；播放；穿上
put
aside节省；储蓄
put
away收起来
put
down记下；镇压
put
forward提出；把……拨快
put
out扑灭
(1)One
way
to
encourage
customers
to
stay
and
order
that
extra
round：put
on
some
Mozart.(2018·江苏)
吸引顾客留下额外点餐的一种方法就是播放莫扎特的曲子。
(2)The
woman
is
trying
to
put
aside
some
money
for
her
son’s
education
every
month.
这个女人每月尽量为儿子的教育攒些钱。
(3)You’d
better
ask
your
children
to
put
away
all
the
toys.
你最好让你的孩子们把玩具全部收起来放好。
(4)He
spoke
so
fast
that
I
couldn’t
put
down
what
he
said.
他说得那么快，我根本记不下来他说的话。
Recycle
cans，bottles，plastic
bags
and
newspapers
if
circumstances
allow
you
to.
如果情况允许的话，把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。
circumstance
n．环境；情况；境况(常用复数)
under/in
no
circumstances无论如何都不，决不(放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装)
under/in
the
circumstances在这种情况下；既然如此
(1)Under
the
circumstances
she
could
do
nothing
but
wait.在这种情况下，她除了等待别无选择。
(2)Under
no
circumstances
should
you
lend
him
any
money.你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。
Remember—your
contribution
counts！
记住：你的贡献是很有价值的！
contribution
n．贡献；捐款；稿件
※make
a
contribution/contributions
to
(doing)
sth.为(做)某事作出贡献
※contribute
v．贡献；捐献，捐助；投稿
contribute
to为……作贡献；有助于；促成
contribute...to...为……捐款；向……投稿
(1)Everyone
should
make
a
contribution/contributions
to
protecting
the
environment.
每个人都应为保护环境作出贡献。
(2)Regular
exercise
will
contribute
to
your
health.
有规律的锻炼会有助于你的健康。
(3)He
has
contributed
a
number
of
articles
to
the
magazine.他给这家杂志社撰写了许多文章。
[单句改错]
(4)Reading
English
every
morning
will
contribute
to
your
oral
English.
经典句式
It
is
OK
to
leave
an
electrical
appliance
on
so
long
as
you
are
using
it—if
not，turn
it
off！
只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！
if
not如果不是这样，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，表示否定意义；如果表示肯定意义，则用if
so，意为“如果是这样”。
if
ever如果有过/发生过的话
if
any如果有的话；如果可能的话
if
possible如果有可能
(1)Are
you
ready？If
so，let’s
set
off
at
once.
你准备好了吗？如果准备好了，我们立刻出发。
(2)The
girl
seldom，if
ever，turned
to
her
brother
for
protection.
这个女孩，如果有过，也不经常向她哥哥寻求保护。
(3)Wash
it
in
water，pick
out
the
small
particles，if
any.
用清水冲洗它，如果有的话，把小颗粒拣出来。
(4)She
wants
to
go
with
us，if
possible.
可能的话，她想跟我们一起去。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I
can
put
up
with
the
house
being
untidy，but
I
hate
it
if
it
is
not
clean.
2．He
is
ill，so
I
will
attend
the
ceremony
on
behalf
of
him.
3．Young
people
have
made
a
great
contribution(contribute)
to
China’s
economic
development.
4．Whether
he
is
here
or
not
will
make
no
difference(differ)
to
our
work.
5．There
exists(exist)
a
generation
gap
between
the
young
and
the
old.
Ⅱ.完成句子
6．Is
that
a
size
6
hat？If
so，it
will
do
me.
那帽子是六号的吗？如果是，对我来说正合适。
7．Education
can
make
a
big
difference
to
the
quality
of
a
person’s
life.
教育对一个人的生活品质有很大影响。
8．Under/In
no
circumstances
will
we
be
the
first
to
use
nuclear
weapons.
我们在任何情况下绝不首先使用核武器。
9．Eating
too
much
fat
can
contribute
to
heart
disease
and
cause
high
blood
pressure.
食用含太多脂肪的食物会引起心脏病，导致高血压。
10．On
average，American
firms
remain
the
most
productive
in
the
world.
平均起来，美国公司在全球范围内还是产值最高。
Ⅲ.课文短文改错
I
am
doing
a
project
on
behalf
of
my
school
about
global
warming.Sometimes
I
felt
that
individuals
can
not
have
any
effect
at
such
huge
environmental
problems.Anyway，I’m
not
sure
where
to
start
it
with
my
project.So
I
would
love
to
get
any
suggestion.It
is
suggested
that
we
took
many
measures.For
example，we
can
buy
things
making
from
recycled
materials.Planting
trees
is
also
good
way.Important，we
can
ask
your
family
and
friends
to
work
together
with
us.We
can
get
our
parents
to
buy
products
that
are
made
to
save
energy.Remembering—our
contribution
counts.
答案
I
am
doing
a
project
on
behalf
of
my
school
about
global
warming.Sometimes
I
that
individuals
can
not
have
any
effect
such
huge
environmental
problems.Anyway，I’m
not
sure
where
to
start
it
with
my
project.So
I
would
love
to
get
any
.It
is
suggested
that
we
many
measures.For
example，we
can
buy
things
from
recycled
materials.Planting
trees
is
also
good
way.，we
can
ask
family
and
friends
to
work
together
with
us.We
can
get
our
parents
to
buy
products
that
are
made
to
save
energy.—our
contribution
counts.
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Wherever
you
go，you
can
find
this
kind
of
widespread(分布广的)
plant.
2．Barbara
is
in
her
late
forties
and
has
a
tendency(倾向)
to
complain
about
what
she
doesn’t
feel
content
with.
3．If
you
are
serious
about
our
relationship，you
should
make
a
commitment(承诺)．
4．He
is
the
only
person
who
advocates(主张)
building
a
dam
between
the
two
rivers.
5．There
has
been
a
growth(增长)
in
the
number
of
college
students.
6．A
cool
drink
refreshed(使恢复)
me
after
my
long
walk.
7．Robert’s
contributions(贡献)
to
the
company
should
also
be
remembered.
8．As
the
average(平均的)
age
of
the
population
increases，there
are
more
and
more
old
people
to
care
for.
9．There
was
apparent
disagreement(不一致)
between
their
stories.
10．They
are
thinking
of
ways
to
deal
with
air
pollution(污染)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
11．Under
these
circumstances(circumstance)，you
might
agree
with
us
that
it
is
rather
difficult
for
your
products
to
set
foot
in
this
market.
12．Tom
is
a
top
student，and
he
is
above
the
average
in
his
reading
ability.
13．Let
me
put
down
your
telephone
number
in
case
I
forget
it.
14．We
haven’t
decided
whether
to
go(go)
camping
next
week.
15．My
deskmate
is
good，kind，hard?working
and
intelligent.On
the
whole，I
can’t
speak
too
highly
of
him.
Ⅲ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
16．No
one
knows
when
such
a
custom
came
into
.
17．Our
students
should
study
hard
and
make
或
to
our
society.
18．She
was
dressed
in
jeans
and
a
sweatshirt.
19．Though
he
works
hard，his
marks
are
still
average.
20．I
advocate
trucks
in
the
city
centre
because
it
will
reduce
air
pollution
and
noise.
Ⅳ.完成句子
21．As
is
shown
in
the
picture
above，under
no
circumstances
should
you
lose
faith.
正如上面图画所显示的那样，你在任何情况下都不要失去信心。
22．In
that
case，we
will
have
to
learn
to
put
up
with
some
of
his
shortcomings
and
try
to
discover
his
advantages.
那样，我们将不得不学会忍受他的一些缺点并设法发现他的优点。
23．In
our
life
we
may
meet
many
failures，but
so/as
long
as
we
try
our
best，there
is
no
need
to
regret
these
failures.
生活中我们可能遇到许多的失败，但只要我们尽了力，就没有必要为失败而后悔。
24．I’m
greatly
honored
to
put
on
performances
here
on
behalf
of
my
school.
很荣幸在这儿代表我的学校演出。
25．If
possible，try
to
go
to
bed
and
wake
up
at
the
same
time
every
day.
如果可能的话，尝试每天都在同一时间睡觉和起床。
能力提升
Ⅴ.阅读理解
A
All
around
the
world，shoppers
flock
to
Wal?mart
to
buy
everything.In
Texas，they
come
for
another
reason:
to
see
the
wind
turbine(涡轮机)，which
supplies
5%
of
the
store’s
electricity.It
along
with
other
facilities，such
as
exterior
walls
coated
with
heat?reflective
paint，makes
this
Wal?mart
a
green
giant.
The
laws
of
economics
suggest
that
Wal?mart，with
5,200
stores
worldwide，influences
everything
including
the
price
of
all
kinds
of
goods.It
throws
its
weight
behind
environmental
responsibility，and
the
impact
could
be
amazing.“One
little
change
in
product
packaging
could
save
1,500
trees，”
says
Wal?mart
CEO
Lee
Scott.“If
everybody
saves
1,500
trees，or
50
barrels
of
oil，at
the
end
of
the
day
you
will
make
a
huge
difference.”
Scott
wants
Wal?mart
to
do
its
part
too.He
has
promised
to
cut
the
existing
greenhouse
gas
emissions(排放)
over
the
next
few
years
and
promised
to
construct
new
stores
that
are
more
efficient.He
wants
Wal?mart’s
fleet(车队)
of
more
than
7,000
trucks
to
get
twice
as
many
miles
per
gallon
by
2015.Factories
that
show
Wal?mart
they’re
cutting
air
pollution
will
get
preferential
treatment
in
the
supply
chain.Wal?mart
says
it’s
working
with
consumer
product
manufacturers
to
reduce
their
packaging
and
will
reward
them
if
they
do
so.
Some
people
may
doubt
whether
it
is
a
bid
to
attract
attention
from
Wal?mart’s
controversial
labor
and
health
insurance
practices.But
it’s
not
just
window
dressing，because
Wal?mart
sees
profits
in
going
green.Scott
says，“This
is
a
business
philosophy，not
a
social
philosophy.We
don’t
go
where
we
don’t
think
there’s
a
great
interest
in
change.”
Like
Bill
Gates，who
started
his
charitable
foundation，Scott
happens
to
be
promoting
Wal?mart’s
image
at
a
time
when
his
company’s
reputation
is
declining.He
acknowledges
that
he
launched
the
plan
partly
to
shield(保护)
Wal?mart
from
bad
press
about
its
contribution
to
global
warming.“By
doing
what
we’re
doing
today，we
avoid
the
headline
risks
that
are
going
to
come
for
people
who
did
not
do
anything，”
he
says.“At
some
point
businesses
will
be
held
responsible
for
the
actions
they
take.”
Meanwhile，should
Wal?mart
succeed
in
shrinking
its
environmental
footprints
and
lowering
prices
for
green
products，both
the
planet
and
the
company
would
profit.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了沃尔玛采取的保护环境的措施以及采取这些措施后所带来的利益。
26．We
can
infer
from
the
passage
that
.
A．Lee
Scott
is
Wal?mart’s
CEO
B．there
are
5,200
stores
in
the
world
C．Wal?mart
has
a
great
influence
on
the
world
market
D．Wal?mart
has
more
than
7,000
trucks
all
over
the
world
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。从第二段中的“The
laws
of
economics
suggest...influences
everything
including
the
price
of
all
kinds
of
goods.”可以推断出，沃尔玛对全球市场有巨大的影响，因此C项正确。
27．What
does
the
underlined
sentence
mean
in
the
fourth
paragraph?
A．Wal?mart
predicts
huge
profits
in
its
green
activity.
B．Wal?mart’s
green
activity
is
just
window
dressing.
C．Wal?mart
aims
to
solve
its
health
insurance
practices.
D．Wal?mart
doesn’t
have
any
social
responsibility
at
all.
答案 A
解析 句意理解题。从第四段，特别是画线句后面的“We
don’t
go
where
we
don’t
think
there’s
a
great
interest
in
change.”可推断出，这句话表明：沃尔玛从这些环保的活动中将获得经济利益。
28．What
will
Wal?mart
probably
do
in
the
future?
A．Reduce
air
pollution
in
its
present
stores.
B．Give
favorable
treatment
to
its
consumers.
C．Ask
the
factories
to
reduce
their
packaging.
D．Demand
the
fleet
of
trucks
to
use
more
fuel
than
before.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，未来沃尔玛会关注减少空气污染的问题。
29．What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
last
paragraph?
A．Provide
the
background
of
the
green
plan.
B．Stress
the
purpose
of
Wal?mart’s
green
plan.
C．Present
the
risks
that
Wal?mart
is
facing
nowadays.
D．Analyze
the
similarities
between
Bill
Gates
and
Scott.
答案 B
解析 段落大意题。根据最后一段第二句“He
acknowledges
...global
warming.”可知，这段主要分析了沃尔玛采取这些措施的目的。
B
Due
to
climate
changes，Arctic
ice
is
breaking
up
earlier
in
the
spring，and
its
area
is
decreasing.This
is
creating
problems
for
polar
bears
that
make
their
homes
off
northern
Alaska
and
in
Hudson
Bay.
Polar
bears
off
Alaska
normally
hunt
and
raise
their
young
on
ice
sheets
that
float
on
the
ocean.But
as
the
ice
has
melted，the
polar
bears
have
been
forced
to
spend
more
time
on
land.There，they
have
begun
to
frequent(常去)
beaches，feeding
on
the
remains
of
whales
caught
by
native
hunters.For
polar
bears，this
food
is
less
nutritious
than
seals
that
they
normally
catch
on
ice
sheets.The
shrinking(减少)
ice
has
also
forced
more
polar
bears
into
the
ocean.In
the
past，they
only
had
to
swim
short
distances
between
ice
sheets.But
as
the
ice
has
shrunk，polar
bears
have
been
forced
to
swim
longer
and
longer
distances
in
the
open
ocean.This
poses
a
severe
danger
during
rough
weather，and
an
increasing
number
of
drowned
polar
bears
have
been
observed.
In
Hudson
Bay，the
ice
breaks
up
three
weeks
earlier
in
the
spring
now
than
it
did
20
years
ago.Polar
bears
on
Hudson
Bay
fast(绝食)
during
the
summer，waiting
for
ice
to
form
in
the
fall
to
hunt.Every
year，the
summer
gets
longer，and
the
bears
get
skinnier.Over
the
past
25
years，the
average
weight
of
the
female
bears
has
dropped
68
kg.This
loss
affects
their
ability
to
reproduce，and
already
the
number
of
births
has
dropped
by
15
percent.Unless
the
bears
can
learn
to
survive
these
climate
changes，these
giants
of
the
ice
may
one
day
disappear.
30．What
is
Arctic
ice
doing
earlier
each
year?
A．It’s
freezing.
B．It’s
hardening.
C．It’s
melting.
D．It’s
expanding.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“Arctic
ice
is
breaking
up
earlier
in
the
spring”可知，北极冰川每年春天较早时候就开始融化。
31．What
is
true
of
polar
bears
that
are
spending
more
time
on
land
in
Alaska?
A．Their
young
are
dying.
B．Their
diet
is
changing.
C．Their
health
is
improving.
D．Their
families
are
growing.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段可以看出北极熊正常情况下吃在冰面上可以捕捉到的海豹，但现在由于冰的减少，它们只能以当地猎人捕捉的鲸的残余物为食了。
32．What
does
the
writer
imply
about
female
polar
bears
in
Hudson
Bay?
A．They
are
having
fewer
young
now.
B．They
suffer
from
various
sicknesses.
C．They
don’t
need
stronger
protection.
D．They
can’t
find
enough
good
males.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。从最后一段第四和第五两句可知，北极熊的出生率已经下降了15%。
33．In
which
publication
would
you
most
likely
find
this
passage?
A．Medical
News.
B．Society
Today.
C．Wildlife
Journal.
D．Design
Magazine.
答案 C
解析 文章出处题。通读全篇可以发现文章叙述的是全球气候的变化给北极熊带来的负面影响，而北极熊属于野生动物，所以推断这篇文章最有可能摘自《野生动物杂志》。
Ⅵ.七选五
You
need
to
dress
warmly
when
you
play
in
the
snow.And
to
get
around
in
deep
snow，you
might
need
snowshoes.
Animals
need
winter
coats
and
snowshoes
too.
A
musk
ox(麝牛)
wears
two
coats
in
winter.
34
It
keeps
the
inner
coat
of
soft
fur
warm
and
dry.The
furry
undercoat
falls
off
each
spring
and
the
ox
grows
a
new
one
every
winter.
A
snowshoe
rabbit
changes
its
coat
to
match
the
season.
35
In
winter
it
grows
white
fur
to
match
the
snow.It
even
has
fur
on
the
bottoms
of
its
feet.
36
A
seal(海豹)
has
an
extra
layer
under
its
fur
coat
too.This
thick
layer
of
fat
lies
under
the
seal’s
skin
and
is
great
at
holding
in
heat，especially
in
the
water.
The
Arctic
fox
has
fur
on
the
bottoms
of
its
feet
and
one
of
the
warmest
double
coats
of
any
animal.But
on
very
cold
and
windy
days，it
adds
something.
37
A
polar
bear’s
big
feet
act
like
snowshoes.
38
The
bottom
of
each
foot
is
protected
by
fur
and
the
fur
helps
the
bear
walk
on
the
snowy
ground.
A．It
can
run
very
quickly.
B．Do
you
wear
a
sweater
under
your
coat?
C．They
can
move
quickly
across
the
snow.
D．The
outer
coat
reaches
almost
to
the
ground.
E．It
uses
its
thick
tail
like
a
scarf
to
cover
its
nose
and
face.
F．In
summer
its
brown
fur
helps
it
hide
among
dirt
and
rocks.
G．They
spread
out
the
bear’s
weight
so
it
can
walk
easily
on
the
snow.
34．答案 D
解析 根据上一句中的“wears
two
coats”及下句中的“the
inner
coat”可知，D项“外面的皮毛几乎垂到地面”符合语境。D项中的“outer
coat”与下一句中的“inner
coat”相呼应。
35．答案 F
解析 根据该空前的“changes
its
coat
to
match
the
season”和该空后的“In
winter
it
grows
white
fur
to
match
the
snow.”可知，雪鞋兔的皮毛为了和不同的季节保持协调而发生变化，因此F项介绍雪鞋兔的皮毛在夏天时的情况符合语境。F项中的In
summer和下一句中的In
winter形成对比。
36．答案 B
解析 根据该空后的“an
extra
layer
under
its
fur
coat
too”可知，B项“你在外套里面穿毛衣吗？
”符合语境。B项中的“a
sweater
under
your
coat”与下一句中的“an
extra
layer
under
its
fur
coat”相呼应。
37．答案 E
解析 根据该空前的“it
adds
something”可知，北极狐的尾巴还可当作围巾使用，包裹鼻子和脸。
38．答案 G
解析 根据该空前的“A
polar
bear’s
big
feet
act
like
snowshoes.”可知，G项“北极熊宽大的脚可以分摊自身的重量并且保证它们在雪上轻松行走”符合此处语境。
Ⅶ.微写作
写作素材(关于环保)
1．有些科学家同意全球变暖是个灾难的观点。
2．持续增长的温度可能会导致洪水、干旱和饥荒。
3．其他科学家反对这种观点，认为这种变暖会很温和，不会在环境方面导致严重的后果。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
Some
scientists
subscribe
to
the
view
that
global
warming
will
be
a
catastrophe.The
steady
going
up
of
the
temperature
may
result
in
floods，droughts
and
famines.Others
are
opposed
to
this
view，saying
the
warming
will
be
mild
with
no
severe
environmental
consequences.
