(共41张PPT)
九年级全一册Units
5-8
【速查速记】
[词汇拓展]
1.leaf(n.)
叶;叶子→leaves(pl.)
2.produce(v.)
加工;处理→product(n.)
产品;制品
3.Germany德国→German(adj.)
德国的;德国人的(n.)
德国人;德语
4.pleasure(n.)
高兴;愉快→please(v.)
使高兴→pleased(adj.)
高兴的→pleasant(adj.)
令人愉快的;舒适的
5.accidental(adj.)
意外的;偶然的→accident(n.)
事故;意外
6.smell(v.)
发出……的气味;闻到→smelt(过去式/过去分词)
7.trade(n.)
贸易;交易(v.)
做买卖;从事贸易→trader(n.)
商人
8.ring(v.)(使)发出铃声或钟声;打电话→rang(过去式)→rung(过去分词)
9.hero(n.)
英雄;男主角→heroes(pl.)
10.hug(n.&v.)
拥抱;搂抱→hugged(过去式/过去分词)
11.badly(adv.)严重地;差;非常→worse(过去式)→worst(过去分词)
12.regret(v.)
感到遗憾;后悔→regretting(现在分词)→regretted(过去式/过去分词)
13.manage(v.)
完成(困难的事);应付(困难局面)→manager(n.)
经理
14.enter(v.)
进来;进去→entrance(n.)
入口
15.policeman(n.)
男警察→policemen(pl.)
16.wolf(n.)
狼→wolves(pl.)
17.energy(n.)
力量;精力→energetic(adj.)
精力充沛的
[重点短语]
1.be
known
for
以……闻名;为人知晓
2.no
matter
不论;无论
3.paper
cutting
剪纸
4.have
a
point
有道理
5.by
accident
偶然;意外地
6.take
place发生;出现
7.without
doubt
毫无疑问;的确
8.all
of
a
sudden突然;猛地
9.by
mistake
错误地;无意中
10.the
Olympic
Games奥林匹克运动会
11.divide...into...把……分开
12.not
only...but
also...
不但……而且……
13.look
up
to
钦佩;仰慕
14.talk
back
回嘴;顶嘴
15.keep...away
from
避免接近;远离
16.make
one’s
own
decision
自己做决定
17.get
in
the
way
of
挡……的路;妨碍
18.run
after
追逐;追赶
19.at
the
same
time
同时;一起
[重点句子]
1.It
seems
that
many
people
all
over
the
world
drink
Chinese
tea.似乎世界上有很多人都喝中国茶。
2.He
realized
that
American
can
hardly
avoid
buying
products
made
in
China.他意识到美国人几乎无法避免购买中国制造的产品。
3.The
most
common
things,from
paper
to
clay
to
bamboo,are
turned
into
objects
of
beauty.最为普通的东西,从纸张到陶土再到竹子,都变成了精美的物品。
4.What
are
they
used
for?它们是用来做什么的?
5.It
is
said
that
a
Chinese
ruler
called
Shennong
was
the
first
to
discover
tea
as
a
drink.据说,一位名叫神农的中国统治者是第一个发现茶是一种饮料的人。
6.In
England,tea
didn’t
appear
until
around
1660,but
in
less
than
100
years,it
had
become
the
national
drink.在英国,茶直到1660年左右才出现,但在不到100年的时间里,茶就成了国民饮品。
7.Even
though
many
people
now
know
about
the
culture,the
Chinese
are
without
doubt
the
ones
who
best
understand
the
nature
of
tea.尽管现在很多人都知道茶的文化,但毫无疑问,中国人最了解茶的本质。
8.Dr.Naismith
created
a
game
to
be
played
inside
on
a
hard
floor.奈史密斯博士发明了一种游戏,可以在室内坚硬的地板上玩。
9.At
the
same
time,they
need
to
stop
the
competing
team
from
getting
the
ball
into
their
own
basket.与此同时,他们需要阻止竞争对手把球投进自己的篮筐。
10.The
number
of
foreign
players,including
Chinese
players,in
the
NBA
has
increased.NBA中包括中国球员在内的外籍球员数量有所增加。
11.These
stars
encourage
young
people
to
work
hard
to
achieve
their
dreams.这些明星鼓励年轻人努力工作来实现他们的梦想。
12.Teenagers
should
be
allowed
to
choose
their
own
clothes.青少年应该被允许选择自己的衣服。
13.Parents
should
give
teenagers
chances
to
make
their
own
decisions.父母应该给青少年自己做决定的机会。
14.Parents
should
not
be
too
strict
with
teenagers.父母不应该对青少年太严格。
15.We
have
nothing
against
running.我们不反对跑步。
16.It
must
belong
to
Carla.一定是卡拉的。
17.However,these
days
something
unusual
is
happening
in
our
town.然而,最近我们镇上发生了一些不寻常的事情。
18.Everyone
in
our
town
is
feeling
uneasy,and
everyone
has
his
or
her
own
ideas.我们镇上的每个人都感到不安,每个人都有自己的想法。
19.There
must
be
something
visiting
the
homes
in
our
neighborhood.一定有什么东西拜访了我们附近的家。
20.Another
popular
idea
is
that
Stonehenge
might
be
a
kind
of
calendar.另一个流行的观点是巨石阵可能是一种历法。
一、词汇与短语
1.be
made+不同介词
Pyramids
were
made
by
hard-working
people.
金字塔是由勤劳的人们建造的。
Pyramids
are
made
of
stones.
金字塔是由石头建成的。
The
grapes
were
made
into
wine.
葡萄被制成了酒。
The
wine
was
made
from
grapes.
这酒是由葡萄制成的。
The
wine
was
made
in
France.
这些酒是法国制造的。
?预测训练?
1.(2020,江苏连云港)Tom
bought
a
toy
car
yesterday.The
wheels
of
it
?(是由木头制成的).
is
made
of
wood
2.no
matter+特殊疑问词
no
matter
what=whatever无论什么
no
matter
who=whoever无论谁
no
matter
when=whenever无论什么时候
no
matter
how=however无论怎样
no
matter
where=wherever无论哪里
▲注意:“no
matter+疑问词”只能用来引导让步状语从句,而“疑问词+-ever”既可以引导让步状语从句,也可引导名词性从句,当引导让步状语从句时,两者可互换。
?预测训练?
2.(2018,辽宁抚顺改编)无论发生什么,我们都不应该放弃希望。
happens,we
shouldn’t
give
up
hope.?
No
matter
what
3.With
pleasure.非常愿意。
▲辨析:With
pleasure.与It’s
my
pleasure./My
pleasure.
▲拓展:
With
pleasure.
意为“非常乐意。”常用于回答对方的求助。
It’s
my
pleasure./
My
pleasure.
意为“不客气。”多用于回答对方的感谢。
?预测训练?
(
)3.(2020,四川广元)—Could
you
please
help
me
look
after
my
pet
dog?
I
will
be
away
for
about
two
weeks.
— !
I
will
take
good
care
of
it.?
A.With
pleasure
B.You
are
kidding
C.No
way
A
4.辨析:take
place与happen
Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
our
hometown
during
the
past
ten
years.
在过去的十年里,我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
His
birthday
party
will
take
place
next
Sunday.
他的生日聚会将于下星期日举行。
A
storm
happened
across
the
river
in
another
country.
河对岸的另一个国家发生了暴风雨。
A
car
accident
happened
to
him
last
week.
他上周发生了一起车祸。
I
happened
to
meet
Jim
yesterday.
我昨天巧遇吉姆。
take
place
意为“(尤指根据安排或计划)发生,进行”,如比赛、庆典等。
happen
意为“发生”,多指意外情况的发生,如车祸、地震等。sth.
happened
to
sb./sth.“某人/某物发生了……”
意为“碰巧”,happen
to
do
sth.“碰巧做某事”。
▲拓展:(1)take
one’s
place=take
the
place
of
sb.意为“代替某人的位置”。
Who
will
take
the
place
of
your
teacher/your
teacher’s
place
when
he
is
away?
当你的老师外出时,谁将代替他的工作?
(2)
take
your
place意为“就坐”。
Take
your
place
in
the
classroom,Tom.
汤姆,坐到教室里你的座位上去。
?预测训练?
4.(2019,四川宜宾)近四十年来,中国发生了巨大的变化。
Great
changes
have
in
China
in
the
past
forty
years.?
taken
place
5.doubt
n.疑惑;疑问 v.怀疑?
I
doubt
if/whether
that
was
what
he
wanted.
不知道那是不是他想要的。
I
don’t
doubt
that
you
are
honest.
我不怀疑你是诚实的。
Do
you
doubt
that
he
will
win
the
match?
你不相信他会贏得比赛吗?
No
doubt
he
was
just
trying
to
help.
他多半只是想帮忙。
Without
a
doubt
these
answers
are
all
wrong.
毫无疑问,这些答案都是错误的。
?预测训练?
5.(2019,辽宁葫芦岛)毫无疑问,你越努力,就越幸运。
,the
harder
you
work,the
luckier
you
will
be.?
Without
doubt
6.educate
v.教育;教导
?
The
story
is
short
but
educational.
这个故事很短但是富有教育意义。
We
should
educate
our
students
to
be
polite.
我们应该教育我们的学生有礼貌。
India
is
behind
us
in
education
and
science.
印度在教育和科学方面落后于我们。
My
father
is
an
educated
man.
我父亲是个受过教育的人。
As
an
educator,I
want
to
see
my
students
succeed.
作为一名教育工作者,我想看到我的学生获得成功。
?预测训练?
6.(2019,湖北荆门改编)Nowadays,the
(教育)
of
safety
has
caught
the
attention
of
the
whole
society.?
education
7.辨析“get+过去分词”与“be+过去分词”
get+过
去分词
多用于表示动作的结果或动作变化的逐渐性。
表示动作即将发生。
表示突然发生而未曾料到的情况,虽可表示状态,但更强调动作。
be+过
去分词
多用来表示一般的动作或情况。
表示动作正在进行。
多表示状态。
The
food
will
get
burnt
if
you
don’t
take
it
away
from
the
fire.
如果不把食物从火上拿开,食物就会烧糊。
He
is
being
punished
by
his
father.
他父亲正在惩罚他。
The
water
in
the
river
is
getting
polluted.
河里的水即将被污染。
The
food
was
burnt.
食物烧焦了。
My
watch
got
broken
while
I
was
playing
with
the
children.
我跟孩子们玩的时候把表弄坏了。
Never
touch
an
electric
wire
when
it
is
broken.
绝不要动断了的电线。
?预测训练?
7.(2018,黑龙江龙东)My
bike
is
broken.I
want
to
get
it
(repair).?
repaired
8.whose
adj.&pron.谁的
?
—Whose
key
is
this?这是谁的钥匙?
—It’s
my
brother’s.是我弟弟的。
—Whose
are
these
books?这些书是谁的?
—They’re
our
English
teacher’s.是我们英语老师的。
?预测训练?
8.(2019,四川凉山州)Do
you
know
w
baseball
this
is?
Does
it
belong
to
him??
(
)9.(2019,湖南怀化)—
dictionary
is
this?It’s
very
nice.?
—I
think
it
is
Mary’s.
A.Who
B.Whose
C.Whom
hose
B
9.sleepy
adj.困倦的;瞌睡的
▲辨析:sleepy,sleep与asleep
He
must
be
very
sleepy.He
fell
asleep
in
a
second.
他一定是困极了。倒头就睡。
When
did
you
go
to
sleep
last
night?
你昨晚什么时候去睡觉的?
?预测训练?
10.(2020,四川乐山)She
was
so
(瞌睡的)that
she
went
to
bed
early
last
night.?
sleepy
二、句子与语法
■句子
1.It’s
believed
that...据说……
▲拓展:
It’s
said
that
the
boy’s
name
came
from
a
book.
据说这个男孩的名字来自一本书。
▲注意:该结构中的it’s也可写作it
was,此时从句中的时态通常使用过去时的某种形式。
It
was
reported
that
many
students
volunteered
to
clean
the
city
park.
据报道很多学生志愿打扫城市公园。
?预测训练?
(
)11.(2020,山东菏泽改编)—It’s
said
that
Tina
will
go
to
Canada
by
herself.
—Yes.
of
her
parents
will
go
with
her.?
A.Both B.Neither C.Either
B
2.That
is
why
many
Chinese
adults
continue
to
live
with
their
parents.
这就是许多中国成年人继续和父母住在一起的原因。
That
is
why...意为“这就是……的原因。”强调某个动作产生的结果。
Tom
overslept
this
morning.That
is
why
he
was
late
for
work.
汤姆今天早晨睡过头了。那是他上班迟到的原因。
▲拓展:That’s
because...意为“那是因为……”,强调某个动作发生的原因。
Tom
was
late
for
work
this
morning.That
is
because
he
overslept.
汤姆今天早晨上班迟到了。那是因为他睡过头了。
?预测训练?
(
)12.(2020,青海改编)Mary
and
her
classmates
are
busy
preparing
for
their
final
examination.
—That’s
you
can
always
see
them
learning
in
the
library.?
A.when
B.what
C.why
C
■语法
1.被动语态(一)【见第二篇第6讲】
(1)主动语态与被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式,表示句中主语与谓语动词的关系。英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。当主语为动作的执行者时,谓语动词的形式为主动语态;当主语为动作的承受者时,谓语动词的形式为被动语态。
People
play
football.(主动语态)
Football
is
played
by
people.(被动语态)
(2)被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。
(3)主动语态变被动语态的方法
a.将主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
b.将主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的谓语,即“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”。
c.将主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,构成介词短语,放在被动语态的谓语动词之后。(有时by短语可以省略)如:
(4)被动语态的基本用法
a.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者或需要强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。
The
blouse
is
made
of
silk.
这件衬衫是丝质的。
b.当说话人需要强调客观情况时,要用被动语态。
It
is
said
that
the
temperature
tomorrow
will
be
40℃.
据说明天气温将会是40℃。
?预测训练?
(
)13.(2020,广西百色)More
trees
every
year
to
make
our
city
greener.?
A.is
planted
B.are
planted
C.was
planted
D.were
planted
B
2.含有情态动词should的被动语态【见第二篇第6讲】
should是情态动词,表示劝告和建议,意为“应当;应该”。
More
trees
should
be
planted
on
the
mountains.
应该在山上多种树。
?预测训练?
(
)14.For
everyone’s
safety,we
always
remember
the
law
against
driving
after
drinking.?
A.could
B.should
C.might
D.would
D
3.“情态动词+be”表推测【见第二篇第5讲】
must
be表示肯定推测,意为“一定;肯定”,语气最强烈。
You
must
be
tired
after
the
work.
下班后你一定累了。
?预测训练?
(
)15.(2019,辽宁葫芦岛)—Is
the
woman
Miss
Zhao?
—It
be
her.She
has
gone
to
Qingdao
for
a
meeting.?
A.can’t
B.needn’t
C.must
D.may
A
一、单项选择。
(
)1.(2020,武威)You
haven’t
eaten
all
day.You
be
very
hungry.?
A.couldn’t
be
B.can’t
C.might
D.must
(
)2.(2020,武威)Look
at
the
labels(标签)
of
a
blouse
on
the
right.Which
is
TRUE
about
the
blouse?
A.It’s
made
in
China.
B.It’s
made
of
silk.
C.It’s
a
hand-made
blouse.
D.It
must
be
washed
in
water.
D
B
(
)3.(2020,天水)Safety
is
very
important
for
.So
we
must
learn
how
to
protect
.?
A.everyone;ourselves
B.anyone;ourselves
C.everyone;us
D.anyone;us
(
)4.(2020,天水)—Where
is
Tom?
—He
in
his
room.The
light
in
his
room
is
on.?
A.mustn’t
be
B.can
be
C.can’t
be
D.must
be
A
D
二、完形填空。(2020,武威)
All
my
teachers
and
classmates
praised
my
designs
for
the
art
festival.They
think
I
have
a
real
5
for
painting. 6 ,I
once
did
not
like
art
lessons
because
I
could
not
draw
very
well.?
One
day,I
7
with
some
paint
as
usual
in
Ms.Brown’s
art
lesson.I
mixed
the
paint
8
water.As
I
took
the
brush
away,I
dropped
some
paint
onto
the
paper.Looking
at
the
mark,I
decided
9
it.The
paint
began
to
run,so
I
blew
10 .The
paint
ran
in
all
directions
and
made
a
very
11
picture!
I
forgot
that
I
was
in
class
until
Ms.Brown
came
by
my
desk.“That’s
a
very
good
picture,Susan,”
said
Ms.Brown.She
12
me
to
keep
trying
and
make
more
wonderful
pictures.?
I
did
make
some
wonderful
pictures
later.Since
then,I
13
crazy
about
crayons
and
paints.I
enjoy
14
in
the
colors
every
time
I
paint.I
love
painting!?
(
)5.A.hope
B.gift
C.story
D.life
(
)6.A.However
B.So
C.Besides
D.Or
(
)7.A.was
sharing
B.was
helping
C.was
playing
D.was
living
(
)8.A.for
B.about
C.on
D.with
(
)9.A.to
beat
B.to
throw
C.to
blow
D.to
wash
(
)10.A.harder
B.more
softly
C.hardest
D.most
softly
(
)11.A.awful
B.interesting
C.ugly
D.colorful
(
)12.A.encourages
B.is
encouraging
C.will
encourage
D.encouraged
(
)13.A.was
B.get
C.have
been
D.got
(
)14.A.I
B.me
C.my
D.myself
B
A
C
D
C
A
B
D
C
D
三、翻译。(2020,天水)
阅读下面短文,根据短文内容和情景,把文章中的画线句子(英语或汉语)翻译成汉语或英语。
More
and
more
people
are
using
mobile
phones
now.Smartphones
are
used
as
televisions,cameras
and
music
players.(15)他们也被用于发送电子邮件或者上网。
If
someone
talks
about
mobile
phones,many
Chinese
will
think
of
Huawei.
In
China,even
in
the
world,Huawei
is
a
wonder(奇迹).Ren
Zhengfei
built
up
Huawei
company
in
1987.(16)The
company
sold
58.4
million
smartphones
in
the
first
season
of
2019.Huawei
has
got
the
second
place
at
the
mobile
market.?
Now,(17)华为已成为5G领域的引导者。
It
has
more
than
75,000
top
engineers
and
scientists
on
research.They
try
their
best
to
bring
digital
and
high
technology
to
every
person
and
place.(18)
It’s
more
convenient
for
modern
people
to
live
in
a
rapid
way.
What
useful
technology
5G
is!?
We
are
looking
forward
to
seeing
a
stronger
Huawei.(19)It
provides
a
faster
and
better
communication
way
for
us.
It
also
brings
“Created
in
China”
to
the
world.?
15.?
?
16.?
?
17.?
?
18.?
?
19.?
?
They
are
also
used
to
send
emails
or
go
online.
在2019年的第一个季度华为公司就售出了五千八百四十万部智能手机。
Huawei
has
already
become
the
leader
of
5G
field.
对于现代人来说生活在快节奏的社会里更方便。
它给我们提供了一个更快、更好的通讯方式。
四、口语交际。(2019,辽宁鞍山)
根据对话内容,从所给的七个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,使对话内容完整。
A:Next
Friday
will
be
my
friend’s
birthday.20. ?
B:Why
don’t
you
buy
him
a
special
gift
like
a
tea
set?
A:21.
But
I
don’t
know
where
the
gift
shop
is.?
B:There
is
one
near
my
home.
A:22. ?
B:Go
down
Center
Street,and
then
turn
left
at
the
third
crossing.It’s
next
to
the
park.
A:23. ?
B:It’s
about
30
minutes’
walk.
A:Can
I
go
there
by
bus?
B:Yes.You
can
take
Bus
No.3
to
get
there.
A:I
see.By
the
way,when
does
the
shop
open?
B:24. ?
A:Thanks
a
lot.
B:You’re
welcome.
A.Is
there
a
gift
shop
near
here?
B.That
sounds
good.
C.How
far
is
it?
D.At
9:00
in
the
morning.
E.But
I
haven’t
decided
what
to
buy
for
him.
F.How
can
I
get
there?
G.How
long
does
it
take?
答案：20.E 21.B 22.F 23.C 24.D(共42张PPT)
九年级全一册Units
1-4
【速查速记】
[词汇拓展]
1.pronunciation(n.)
发音;读音→pronounce(v.)
发音
2.discover(v.)
发现;发觉→discovery(n.)
发现;发觉
3.connect(v.)
联系;连接→connection(n.)
联系;连接
4.review(v.&n.)
回顾;复习→revision(n.)
复习
5.steal(v.)
偷;窃取→stole(过去式)→stolen(过去分词)
6.lay(v.)
放置;安放;产(卵);下(蛋)→laid(过去式/过去分词)
7.tie(v.)
捆;束→tying(现在分词)
8.lie(v.)
存在;平躺;处于→lying(现在分词)→lay(过去式)→lain(过去分词)
9.warn(v.)
警告;告诫→warning(n.)
警告
10.spread(v.)
传播;展开→spread(过去式/过去分词)
11.politely(adv.)
礼貌地;客气地→polite(adj.)
有礼貌的;客气的→impolite(adj.)
不礼貌的;粗鲁的→politeness(n.)
有礼貌;优雅
12.deal(v.)
对付;对待→dealt(过去式/过去分词)
13.require(v.)
需要;要求→requirement(n.)要求;必要条件
14.fail(v.)
不及格;失败;(未能)做到→failure(n.)
失败
15.exactly(adv.)
确切地;精确地→exact(adj.)
准确的;精确的
16.pride(n.)
自豪;骄傲→proud(adj.)
自豪的;骄傲的
[重点短语]
1.look
up
(在字典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅;抬头看 2.be
born
with
天生具有
3.pay
attention
to
注意;关注
4.connect...with...
把……和……连接或联系起来
5.put
on
增加(体重);发胖
6.lay
out
摆开;布置
7.end
up
最终成为;最后处于
8.pass
by
路过;经过
9.pardon
me
抱歉,对不起;什么,请再说一遍
10.parking
lot
停车场;停车区
11.from
time
to
time时常;有时
12.deal
with应对;处理
13.in
public公开的;在别人(尤指生人)面前
14.in
person
亲身;亲自
15.take
pride
in为……感到自豪
16.be
proud
of
为……骄傲;感到自豪
[重点句子]
1.I
study
by
working
with
a
group.我通过小组合作学习。
2.The
more
you
read,the
faster
you’ll
be.你读书越多,你就会越快。
3.I
was
afraid
to
ask
questions
because
of
my
poor
pronunciation.我不敢问问题,因为我的发音不好。
4.I
discovered
that
listening
to
something
interesting
is
the
secret
to
language
learning.我发现听一些有趣的东西是学习语言的秘诀。
5.What
do
you
like
best
about
the
Dragon
Boat
Festival?关于龙舟节你最喜欢什么?
6.I
wonder
if
it’s
similar
to
the
Water
Festival
of
the
Dai
people
in
Yunnan
Province.我想知道它是否和云南省傣族的泼水节相似。
7.How
fantastic
the
dragon
boat
teams
were!那些龙舟队是多么不可思议啊!
8.I
heard
that
it
is
becoming
more
and
more
popular
to
celebrate
Mother’s
Day
and
Father’s
Day
in
China.我听说庆祝母亲节和父亲节在中国正变得越来越流行。
9.But
behind
all
these
things
lies
the
true
meaning
of
Christmas:the
importance
of
sharing
and
giving
love
and
joy
to
people
around
us.但是在所有这些事物背后存在的是圣诞节的真谛:分享和给予我们周围的人爱与欢乐的重要性。
10.A
Christmas
Carol
is
a
famous
short
novel
written
by
Charles
Dickens.《圣诞欢歌》是查尔斯·狄更斯写的一篇著名短篇小说。
11.Excuse
me,could
you
please
tell
me
how
to
get
to
the
bookstore?打扰了,请你告诉我如何到达书店好吗?
12.I
was
scared
at
first,but
shouting
did
help.起初我好害怕,但大声喊还很管用。
13.You
never
know
until
you
try
something.你永远不会了解某件事情直到你去尝试它。
14.Can
you
tell
me
where
there’s
a
good
place
to
eat?你能告诉我哪里有吃饭的好地方吗?
15.I
used
to
be
afraid
of
the
dark.我曾经怕黑。
16.This
party
is
such
a
good
idea!
这个聚会是如此好的一个主意!
17.It’s
been
three
years
since
we
last
saw
our
primary
school
classmates.自从我们上次见到小学同学已经三年了。
18.It’s
interesting
to
see
how
people
have
changed.看看人们是如何变化的是很有趣的。
19.That’s
because
he
was
a
really
good
student.那是因为他确实是个好学生。
20.Candy
told
me
that
she
used
to
be
really
shy
and
took
up
singing
to
deal
with
her
shyness.坎蒂告诉我,她以前很害羞,为了克服害羞,她开始唱歌。
21.Hanging
out
with
friends
is
almost
impossible
for
me
because
there
are
always
guards
around
me.和朋友出去玩对我来说几乎是不可能的,因为我周围总是有警卫。
22.It
is
hard
to
believe
that
he
used
to
have
difficulties
in
school.很难相信他过去在学校有困难。
一、词汇与短语
1.patient
The
nurse
is
very
patient
with
her
patients.
这个护士对病人特别有耐心。
He
is
patient
of
pain.
他能忍受疼痛。
He
was
patient(enough)
to
wait
for
her
for
five
hours.
他很有耐心,等了她5个小时。
He
gave
another
impatient
glance
at
his
watch.
他又一次不耐烦地看了看他的表。
?预测训练?
(
)1.(2020,江苏镇江)My
English
teacher
is
a
lady
and
she
often
corrects
my
pronunciation
again
and
again.?
A.patient
B.creative
C.modest
D.curious
A
2.look
up(在字典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅,查检
look
up是“动词+副词”结构的短语,接名词时,名词放在up的前后皆可;接代词时,代词只能放在look和up之间。
I
have
looked
it
up
in
the
dictionary.
我已经在字典中查到它了。
▲拓展:(1)look
up还可意为“(在低头看某物时)抬头向上看”。look
up
to
sb.意为“仰慕某人”。
She
looked
up
from
her
book
as
I
entered
the
room.
我进房间的时候,她从书本上抬起头看了看。
They
all
look
up
to
their
teacher.
他们都很钦佩他们的老师。
(2)含有look的一些短语:
look
after照顾,照料
look
at看一看
look
around环顾
look
back
回头看;回顾
look
down
upon(on)看不起;轻视
look
forward
to盼望,期待
look
like看上去像
look
out当心,小心,留神
look
through浏览;翻阅
look
over仔细检查
?预测训练?
(
)2.(2019,山东日照)The
traveler
his
map
to
make
sure
he
was
not
lost.?
A.looked
after
B.looked
up
C.looked
for
D.looked
down
(
)3.(2020,黑龙江哈尔滨)—Who
do
you
admire
most,Yang
Ming?
—Zhong
Nanshan.Not
only
I
but
also
my
classmates
him.?
A.look
forward
to
B.look
up
to
C.are
up
to
B
B
3.connect
v.(使)连接;与……有联系
?预测训练?
(
)4.(2020,江苏连云港)The
Chinese
language
has
become
a
bridge
to
China
the
rest
of
the
world.?
A.connect;to
B.translate;into
C.compare;with
D.separate;from
5.(2019,湖北襄阳)他说“一带一路”将会把中国和越来越多的欧洲国家成功地联系起来。(connect)
He
said
the
Belt
and
Road
?
.?
A
will
successfully
connect
China
with
more
and
more
European
countries
4.put
on增加(体重);发胖
put
on其后可接具体的重量或weight。
I
can
eat
what
I
want
but
I
never
put
on
weight.
我想吃什么就能吃什么,而体重从不增加。
▲拓展:(1)put
on意为“穿上”,是“动词+副词”结构的短语,宾语是名词时,放在on的前后皆可;宾语是代词时,只能放在put和on之间。
He
put
on
his
clothes
in
a
hurry.
他急忙穿上衣服。
(2)put
on意为“上演”。
A
new
play
we
are
looking
forward
to
will
put
on
next
week.
我们期待的新戏下周会上映。
?预测训练?
(
)6.(2019,内蒙古呼和浩特)I
really
need
to
take
more
exercise
because
I’m
weight.?
A.putting
down
B.putting
on
C.putting
off
D.putting
away
(
)7.(2020,湖北黄冈)—It
is
very
cold
outside,dear.You
have
to
your
warm
jacket.?
—OK.I
will,Mom.
A.put
on
B.put
off
C.take
off
D.take
up
B
A
5.dress
up
as打扮成
dress
up
as有时也可写作dress
up
like。
Some
girls
are
used
to
dressing
up
as/like
boys.
一些女孩习惯打扮成男孩的样子。
▲拓展:(1)dress
up意为“乔装;盛装打扮”。
She
was
dressed
up
for
the
party.
她为参加聚会精心打扮。
(2)dress的用法
?预测训练?
8.(2018,辽宁盘锦)如果我去参加聚会,我会装扮成一个机器人。
?
?
If
I
go
to/come
to/attend
the
party,I
will/can
dress
up
as/like
a
robot.
/
I
will/can
dress
up
as/like
a
robot
if
I
go
to/come
to/attend
the
party.
6.present
n.现在;礼物 adj.现在的?
Her
letters
combine
past
and
present.
她的信把过去与现在结合在一起。
Did
you
get
your
mother
a
present?
给你母亲买礼物了吗?
How
do
you
read
the
present
situation?
你对目前的形势有何看法?
?预测训练?
9.(2020,湖北黄冈模拟改编)目前,有很多学生参加了学校的俱乐部。
,many
students
have
joined
the
school
club.?
At
present
7.politely
adv.礼貌地;客气地
?
He
stood
up
politely
when
the
lady
entered
the
room.
这位女士走进房间的时候,他有礼貌地站了起来。
I
like
her
because
of
her
politeness.
我喜欢她,因为她很有礼貌。
You
should
be
polite
to
others.
你应该对人有礼貌。
It
is
impolite
that
you
talked
so
loud
in
the
restaurant.
你们在餐馆那么大声说话是不礼貌的。
?预测训练?
10.(2019,江苏淮安)The
teachers
welcome
their
students
(polite)
at
the
school
gate
every
morning.?
11.(2019,兰州)It
is
(polite)
to
keep
others
waiting
in
many
western
countries.?
politely
impolite
8.silent
adj.不说话的;沉默的
?
Please
keep
silent
in
the
library.
请在图书馆里保持安静。
They
finished
their
dinner
in
silence.
他们沉默地吃完了饭。
?预测训练?
12.(2019,江苏泰州改编)To
break
(沉默),I
told
a
joke
and
soon
the
conversation
went
on
smoothly.?
silence
9.take
up
学着做,开始做;占用
He
took
up
writing
after
graduation.
毕业之后他开始从事写作。
Reading
novels
takes
up
most
of
my
time.
读小说占据了我的大部分时间。
?预测训练?
(
)13.(2020,内蒙古呼和浩特)He’s
already
playing
in
a
band,and
he
only
playing
the
guitar
a
year
ago.?
A.took
up
B.set
up
C.put
up
D.gave
up
A
10.辨析:deal
with与do
with
?
How
do
you
deal
with
the
problem?=What
do
you
do
with
the
problem?
你怎么处理这个问题?
?预测训练?
(
)14.(2020,新疆)—I
don’t
know
how
to
the
old
clothes.?
—You
can
give
them
away
to
the
charity.
A.hand
in
B.deal
with
C.take
up
D.clean
up
B
11.辨析:pride与proud
?
I
take
pride
in/am
proud
of
our
country.
我为我们的国家感到自豪。
?预测训练?
(
)15.(2020,天津)Lang
Ping
is
a
symbol
of
courage
and
success,and
we
her.?
A.come
from
B.stand
for
C.take
pride
in
D.get
ready
for
C
二、句子与语法
■句子
1.It’s
too
hard
to
understand
spoken
English.
英语口语太难于理解了。
本句中的it是形式主语,to
understand
spoken
English是真正的主语。too作副词,修饰hard。
It’s
too
important
to
protect
the
environment.
保护环境太重要了。
本句式中的动词不定式前可添加逻辑主语,其结构为:
It’s+adj.+for
sb.to
do
sth.
↓
描述事物特征(hard,easy,important)
It’s+adj.+of
sb.to
do
sth.
↓
表示人物的性格、品质(kind,polite,helpful)
?预测训练?
(
)16.(2019,四川乐山)
is
quite
easy
for
people
to
find
any
place
in
the
world
with
the
help
of
online
maps.?
A.That
B.It
C.One
B
2.He
now
treats
everyone
with
kindness
and
warmth,spreading
love
and
joy
everywhere
he
goes.
现在他用善良和热情对待每一个人,在他走过的每一个地方传播爱与欢乐。
spreading
love
and
joy
everywhere
he
goes是现在分词短语作伴随状语,表示spread这一动作与treat同时进行。现在分词作伴随状语需具备的条件:
?
They
stood
there
for
an
hour,watching
the
game.
他们在那儿站着看了一个小时的比赛。
?预测训练?
(
)17.(2017,四川攀枝花)The
Monkey
King
can
make
72
changes
to
his
shape
and
size,
himself
into
different
animals
and
objects.?
A.turned
B.to
turn
C.turning
D.turn
C
■语法
1.宾语从句【见第二篇第9讲】
(1)定义:在复合句中,由一个句子充当宾语,这个句子叫宾语从句。
(2)引导宾语从句的关联词
①由陈述句充当宾语从句时,使用关联词that引导这个宾语从句。在口语或非正式文体中that常可省略。如:I
think(that)
Tom
can
win
the
game.
②由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,该从句由if/whether引导。
③由特殊疑问句充当宾语从句时,该从句由特殊疑问词引导。
(3)宾语从句的语序:宾语从句要用陈述句语序。如:I
believe
you
are
the
best.
(4)宾语从句的时态
①如果主句是一般过去时,从句则只能用相应的过去时态。
②如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理、普遍事实等,即便主句为过去时,从句也要用一般现在时。
?预测训练?
(
)18.(2020,四川成都)—Welcome
back
to
school,Tim.I
want
to
know
online.?
—Of
course,Ms.Clark,I
was
hard-working.
A.what
you
studied
B.when
you
studied
C.if
you
studied
hard
C
2.特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句【见第二篇第9讲】
(1)宾语从句的连接词
特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时,从句的连接词由该特殊疑问句的疑问词充当。疑问词通常有疑问代词what,which,who,whose和疑问副词where,when,why,how等。
Could
you
tell
me
where
the
museum
is?
你可以告诉我博物馆在哪儿吗?
(2)宾语从句的语序
特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时,不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句,从句都要用陈述句语序。
主句是陈述句时,句末用句号;主句是疑问句时,句末用问号。
Where
does
he
live?
Do
you
know?
他住在哪里?你知道吗?
→Do
you
know
where
he
lives?
你知道他住在哪里吗?
?预测训练?
(
)19.(2020,武威)—Do
you
know
??
—Sorry,I’ve
never
had
an
e-book
before.Why
not
read
the
instructions
first?
A.how
can
I
turn
the
e-book
on
B.how
I
can
turn
the
e-book
on
C.where
can
I
buy
an
e-book
D.where
I
can
buy
an
e-book
B
3.感叹句的常见句式
What
a/an+adj.+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!
What+adj.+不可数名词/可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)!
How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!
How+主语+谓语!
?预测训练?
(
)20.(2020,黑龙江龙东)
amazing
the
story
is!
I
want
to
read
it
again.?
A.How
B.What
C.What
an
A
一、单项选择。
(
)1.(2020,广西北部湾)Our
teacher
told
us
a
funny
story
made
us
laugh.?
A.when
B.which
C.who
D.whom
(
)2.(2020,天水)Always
tell
your
parents
you
are
going
and
you
expected
to
be
home.?
A.what;where
B.when;where
C.where;what
D.where;when
B
D
(
)3.(2020,天水)We
can
overcome
all
the
difficulties
by
together.?
A.work
B.works
C.working
D.worked
(
)4.(2018,天水)We
all
know
that
light
faster
than
sound.?
A.travels
B.to
travel
C.travelling
D.travelled
C
A
(
)5.(2019,白银)
useful
the
information
you’ve
provided
is!?
A.What
a
B.What
C.What
an
D.How
D
二、阅读还原。(2020,天水)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Xi’an
celebrated
the
first-ever
China
Hanfu
Day
on
April
18.There
were
catwalk
shows(走秀)
and
traditional
music
concerts
which
were
held
by
people
wearing
traditional
Chinese
clothing.6.
and
put
them
online
for
a
Hanfu
photo
competition,which
lasted
until
May
18.?
China
Hanfu
Day
is
on
the
third
day
of
the
third
month
of
the
Chinese
lunar
calendar(农历),which
is
said
to
be
the
birthday
of
the
Yellow
Emperor.In
ancient
China,this
day
was
also
known
as
the
Shangsi
Festival(上巳节).7. .?
Hanfu
is
the
traditional
clothing
of
the
Han
people
living
in
China
before
the
Qing
Dynasty.8. .However,some
of
its
main
characteristics(特点)
remain.For
example,there
are
two
parts
that
overlap(交叠)
on
the
front,which
is
called
“jiao
ling”.9. .?
China
is
becoming
a
leading
country
in
the
world,and
the
Chinese
public
feels
more
confident
about
its
traditional
culture
than
ever
before.10. .?
A.Its
purpose
is
to
encourage
young
Chinese
to
take
pride
in
traditional
clothing,as
well
as
Chinese
culture
B.Hanfu
fans
from
all
over
China
gathered
there
to
take
photos
C.Another
main
characteristic
of
Hanfu
is
that
it
usually
uses
ribbons(系带)
instead
of
buttons
D.Wearing
traditional
clothing
might
be
an
interesting
way
of
showing
how
they
feel
about
this
E.It
has
a
history
of
about
3,000
years
and
it
has
changed
greatly
so
far
答案：6.B 7.A 8.E 9.C 10.D
三、任务型完形填空。(2020,天水)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
All
children
11.
(grow)
up
one
day.That
is
the
way
it
has
always
12. (be).You,too,are
growing
up.Even
as
you
attend
your
daily
classes,you
are
growing
up.You
should
have
fun
as
you
are
growing
up.But
you
must
not
forget
that
you
have
13.
(responsibility).?
You
might
not
know
exactly
14.
you
want
to
be
when
you
grow
up.And
that’s
OK.You
should
try
to
find
out
15.
much
as
you
can
about
future
job
opportunities.Discover
what
you’d
like
to
do
when
you
grow
up.?
will
grow
been
responsibilities
what
as
Do
you
know
anyone
who
could
give
you
some
good
16. (advise)?
What
about
your
teachers?
How
about
your
parents,your
uncles
17.
your
aunts?
If
you’d
like
to
become
a
doctor,why
18.
you
meet
with
a
doctor
and
discuss
what
it
takes
to
become
one?
You’re
only
in
junior
high
school,but
years
go
by
19.
(quick).It’s
good
to
be
20.
for
the
future.?
advice
or
don’t
quickly
ready(共52张PPT)
九年级全一册Units
9-12
【速查速记】
[词汇拓展]
1.prefer(v.)
更喜欢→preferred(过去式/过去分词)
2.electronic(adj.)
电子的;电子设备的→electricity(n.)
电;电力
3.stick(v.)
粘贴;将……刺入→stuck(过去式/过去分词)
4.shut(v.)
关闭;关上→shutting(现在分词)→shut(过去式/过去分词)
5.pain(n.)
痛苦;疼痛;苦恼→painful(adj.)
令人痛苦的;令人疼痛的
6.mad(adj.)
很生气;疯的→madder(比较级)→maddest(最高级)
7.behave(v.)
表现;举止→behavior(n.)
行为;举止
8.drive(v.)
迫使→drove(过去式)→driven(过去分词)
9.power(n.)
权力;力量→powerful(adj.)
强大的;强有力的
10.wealth(n.)
财富→wealthy(adj.)
富有的;充分的
11.nod(v.)
点头→nodded(过去式/过去分词)
12.unexpected(adj.)
出乎意料的→expected(反义词)
预期的;预料的
13.oversleep(v.)
睡过头;睡得太久→overslept(过去式/过去分词)
14.burn(v.)
着火;燃烧→burnt/burned(过去式/过去分词)→burning(adj.)
着火的;燃烧的
[重点短语]
1.in
that
case
既然那样;假使那样的话
2.stick
to
坚持;固守
3.plenty
of
大量;充足
4.shut
off关闭;停止运转
5.once
in
a
while
偶尔;间或
6.in
total
总共;合计
7.drop
by
顺便访问;随便进入
8.after
all
毕竟;终归
9.get
mad
大动肝火;气愤
10.make
an
effort
作出努力
11.clean...off
把……擦掉
12.take
off
脱下(衣服);(飞机等)起飞
13.go
out
of
one’s
way
特地;格外努力
14.make...feel
at
home
使(某人)感到宾至如归
15.get
used
to
习惯于
16.would
rather(通常缩写为’d
rather)
宁愿
17.drive
sb.crazy/mad
使某人发疯/发狂
18.the
more...the
more...
越……越……;愈……愈……
19.be
friends
with
sb.
成为某人的朋友
20.leave
out
忽略;不提及;不包括
21.prime
minister首相;大臣
22.call
in召来;叫来
23.neither...nor...
既不……也不……
24.to
start
with
起初;开始时
25.let...down
使失望
26.kick
sb.off
开除某人
27.be
hard
on
sb.
对某人苛刻;对某人要求严格
28.rather
than
而不是
29.pull
together
齐心协力;通力合作
30.by
the
time...
在……以前
31.give...a
lift
捎……一程
32.in
line
with
(与……)成一排
33.show
up
赶到;露面
34.by
the
end
of
在(某时间点)以前
35.costume
party
化装舞会
[重点句子]
1.I
like
music
that
I
can
dance
to.我喜欢能随着跳舞的音乐。
2.What
do
you
feel
like
watching
today?
你今天想看什么?
3.While
some
people
stick
to
only
one
kind
of
movie,I
like
to
watch
different
kinds
of
movies
depending
on
how
I
feel
that
day.虽然有些人只看一种电影,但我喜欢看不同类型的电影,这取决于我那天的感受。
4.Laughing
for
two
hours
is
a
good
way
to
relax.大笑两个小时是放松的好方法。
5.How
was
the
welcome
party
for
foreign
students
last
night?
昨晚欢迎外国学生的晚会怎么样?
6.I
met
a
Japanese
boy
called
Sato,and
as
soon
as
I
held
out
my
hand,he
bowed.我遇到了一个叫佐藤的日本男孩,就在我伸出手时,他鞠了一躬。
7.I
held
out
my
hand
and
to
my
surprise,she
kissed
me
on
both
sides
of
my
face.我伸出手,但意外的是,她亲吻了我的双颊。
8.We’re
pretty
relaxed
about
time.我们的时间观念比较随意。
9.We
often
just
walk
around
the
town
center,seeing
as
many
of
our
friends
as
we
can!
我们经常只是在城镇的中心转转,尽可能多地见见我们的朋友!
10.In
Switzerland
it’s
very
important
to
be
on
time.在瑞士,准时是非常重要的。
11.I’m
very
comfortable
speaking
French
now.我现在讲起法语来轻松自如。
12.Neither
medicine
nor
rest
can
help
him.药物和休息都帮不上他的忙。
13.It’s
true
that
I’m
famous
and
everyone
loves
my
songs.我的确声名远扬,而且大家都喜欢听我的歌。
14.We
were
so
close
to
that
game.我们差点就赢了那场比赛。
15.By
the
time
I
got
up,my
brother
had
already
got
in
the
shower.我起床的时候,我哥哥已经在洗澡了。
16.When
I
got
to
school,I
realized
I
had
left
my
backpack
at
home.当我到达学校时,我意识到我把背包忘在家里了。
17.I
was
about
to
go
up
when
I
decided
to
get
a
coffee
first.我正要上楼,这时我决定先去买杯咖啡。
18.Before
I
could
join
the
others
outside
to
see
what
was
going
on,the
first
plane
had
already
hit
my
office
building.我还没有来得及加入外面的人群弄清楚发生了什么事,第一架飞机已经撞上了我的办公大楼。
一、词汇与短语
1.prefer
v.更喜欢
Ipreferwalkingalonebeforegoingtobed.
在睡觉前,我更喜欢独自散步。
—CanIgiveyoualift?
需要我捎你一程吗?
—No,thanks.Iprefertowalk.
不用了,谢谢,我更喜欢步行。
Iprefertheseasidetothemountains.
相比山区,我更喜欢海边。
他更喜欢跳舞而不是看电视。
?预测训练?
(
)1.(2020,黑龙江龙东)I DingTalk
Tencent
Meeting.What
about
you??
A.prefer;to
B.would
rather;than
C.like;than
A
2.sense
v.感觉到;意识到 n.感觉;意识
?
She
seemed
to
sense
his
anger.
她似乎感觉到了他的愤怒。
▲拓展:英语中一些形容词加后缀-ness可构成名词:
?预测训练?
2.(2020,浙江金华改编)I
lived
alone.Every
evening,on
my
way
to
seeing
friends,I
had
a
(感觉)
of
purpose.?
dark黑暗的
safe安全的
ill生病的
kind友好的
shy害羞的
darkness
黑暗
safeness安全
illness
疾病
kindness
好意
shyness害羞
sense
3.praise
v.&
n.表扬;赞扬
?预测训练?
3.(2020,河南)Mrs.Jacobs
(表扬)
him
last
week.?
4.(2019,浙江)At
the
meeting
the
boss
(赞扬)
John
for
the
progress
he
made.?
praised
praised
4.after
all毕竟;终归
▲拓展:含有all的一些短语:
above
all最重要的是,首先
after
all毕竟,终究
in
all总共
first
of
all
首先
not...at
all一点也不;根本不
of
all...在所有的……当中
all
in
all总的来说
all
year
round
全年
That’s
all.没有别的了。
all
of
a
sudden
突然
all
together一起;总共
all
over
the
world
全世界
all
the
time总是;一直
all
kinds
of
各种各样的
?预测训练?
(
)5.(2020,辽宁葫芦岛)—Sorry,I
didn’t
do
a
good
job.
—Never
mind. ,you’ve
tried
your
best.?
A.As
for
B.In
total
C.In
that
case
D.After
all
D
5.keep
sb.doing
sth.使某人一直做某事
You
should
keep
it
clean
to
store
the
food.
你应该保持清洁来储存食物。
Mother
keeps
him
cleaning
the
room.
妈妈一直让他打扫房间。
Why
do
you
keep
the
door
open?
你们为什么一直开着门?
He
keeps(on)
cleaning
the
room.
他不断地打扫房间。
The
forests
keep
the
wind
from
blowing
the
earth.
森林阻止风吹走泥土。
?预测训练?
(
)6.My
little
brother
is
a
tidy
boy.He
always
keeps
his
room
.?
A.to
clean
B.cleaning
C.clean
D.cleaned
C
6.take
off脱下(衣服);(飞机等)起飞
▲拓展:含有take的短语
take
after(外貌或行为)像
take
one’s
temperature
量体温
take
one’s
place
代替;替换
take
a
trip去旅行
take
breaks/a
break
休息
take
risks/a
risk
冒险
take
up(尤指为消遣)学着做;开始做
take
off
脱下(衣服);(飞机等)起飞
take
a
shower洗淋浴
take
the
subway
乘地铁
take
it
easy
从容;轻松;不紧张
take
a
walk散步;走一走
take...seriously
认真对待
take
one’s
order
点菜
take
a
message捎个口信;传话
take
care
of
照顾
take
down
拆除;往下拽;记录
take
in吸入;吞入(体内)
take
out
the
rubbish
倒垃圾
take
pride
in
为……感到自豪
take
action
采取行动
take
part
in
参加
take
place
发生;出现
?预测训练?
(
)7.(2020,辽宁丹东)It’s
rather
cold
here.You’d
better
your
coat.?
A.put
away
B.not
put
on
C.not
take
off
D.take
off
C
7.agreement(意见或看法)一致;同意
▲拓展:
?预测训练?
8.(2019天水)After
discussing
the
project
several
times,they
reached
an
(协议)
finally.?
agreement
8.by
the
time在……以前
▲拓展:by短语
?
?预测训练?
9.(2020,江苏连云港)Could
you
join
us
by
?
(分发新书),please??
handing
out
the
new
books
9.above
prep.在……上面 adv.在上面
▲辨析:above,over,on
三者都可用于表示“在……之上”,但是含义不同:
above
表示相对高度,不一定指在正上方,它的反义词是below。
over
表示在垂直之上,反义词是under。
on
表示某一个物体的上面(有面与面的接触),其反义词为beneath。
The
sun
rose
above
the
horizon.
太阳已升到地平线以上。
There
is
a
bridge
over
the
river.
河上有座桥。
He
put
the
book
on
the
desk.
他把书放在课桌上。
?预测训练?
(
)10.(2019,黑龙江龙东)Look!
A
boy
is
drawing
the
bridge
which
is
the
river.?
A.over;on
B.over;above
C.on;over
C
二、句子与语法
■句子
It
is
a
pity
that
only
six
pieces
of
music
in
total
were
recorded
for
the
future
world
to
hear...
遗憾的是,一共只有六首曲子被录了下来得以传世……
“It
is
a
pity
that+从句”表示“真遗憾……”,其中that引导的是主语从句,在句中作真正的主语,it是形式主语。
▲拓展:What
a
pity!太遗憾了!
That’s
a
pity.真遗憾。
?预测训练?
(
)
11.(2020,江苏扬州)—Mum,I
read
a
book
about
wild
animals
today.Some
of
them
are
in
danger.
— .We
shouldn’t
buy
fur
coats
any
more.?
A.It’s
a
great
pity
B.It
doesn’t
matter
C.Never
mind
D.My
pleasure
A
■语法
1.定语从句【见第二篇第9讲】
(1)定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
(2)引导定语从句的关系词:
关系代词有:who,whom,whose,that,which等;
关系副词有:when,where,why等。
关系词
功能
先行词
例句
that,
who
主语、
宾语
人
Do
you
know
the
girl
who/that
wears
the
uniform
over
there?
你认识那边穿校服的女孩吗?
whom,
that
宾语
人
He’s
the
boy
whom/that
my
mother
talked
with
just
now.
他就是我妈妈刚才与之谈话的那个男孩。
that,
which
主语、
宾语
物
The
factory
that/which
we
visited
yesterday
is
the
biggest
one
in
Beijing.
我们昨天参观的那个工厂是北京最大的工厂。
?预测训练?
(
)12.(2020,吉林)This
is
the
CD
I
bought
last
year.?
A.who
B.that
C.whom
(
)13.(2020,湖北十堰)—We
teenagers
should
look
up
to
the
people
have
made
great
achievements
to
our
country,like
Yuan
Longping.?
—I
think
so.
A.who
B.what
C.which
D.whose
B
A
2.make的用法小结【见第二篇第5讲】
(1)当make的意思是“做、制造、制作”时,常用的句型是:
①
make
sth.意为“制造某物”。
She
can
make
kites.她会制作风筝。
②make
sb.sth./make
sth.for
sb.意为“为某人制作某物”。
His
mother
made
him
a
beautiful
coat./His
mother
made
a
beautiful
coat
for
him.
他的母亲为他缝制了一件漂亮的外衣。
③被动语态中常用be
made
of/from,be
made
in,be
made
by等短语来表示“由……制成的”“在……制成的”和“被……制成的”。
Paper
is
made
from
wood.
纸是由木头制成的。
These
cars
were
made
in
Changchun.
这些汽车是在长春制造的。
(2)当make的意思是“使、使得”时,一般用于“make+宾语+宾语补足语”这种结构,常用的句型是:
①make+sb./sth.+adj.意为“使某人或某物处于某种状态”。
The
news
made
him
very
happy.
这个消息使他很高兴。
②make+sb./sth.+do
sth.意为“使某人或某物做某事”。
Our
English
teacher
often
makes
us
read
the
texts
aloud.
我们的英语老师经常让我们大声朗读课文。
▲注意:当变为被动语态时,原句中省略的动词不定式符号to必须要还原。如把上面的句子变为被动语态,应为:We
are
often
made
to
read
the
texts
aloud(by
our
English
teacher).
(3)make还可以构成短语:
make
faces做鬼脸,make
friends
交朋友,make
noises
制造噪音,make
money
赚钱,make
yourself
at
home
请自便,make
up
编造、化妆、构成,make
a
decision做决定,make
sure
确信、弄清楚,make
up
one’s
mind
下决心等。
?预测训练?
(
)14.(2019,四川南充)—I
tried
to
make
Alice
her
mind
but
I
found
it
difficult.?
—Well,I
saw
you
that
when
I
went
past.?
A.changed;do
B.changes;doing
C.change;to
do
D.change;doing
D
3.过去完成时【见第二篇第6讲】
结构由“助动词had+过去分词”构成。
用法
例句
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。
时间状语可用by,before等介词短语或when,before等引导的时间状语从句表示,也可以暗含在上下文中
By
the
time
I
got
outside,the
bus
had
already
left.
当我出去的时候,公交车已经开走了。
When
I
got
to
school,I
realized
I
had
left
my
book
at
home.
当我到学校时,我发现我把书落在家里了。
?预测训练?
(
)15.(2020,黑龙江绥化)By
the
time
the
teacher
came,we
cleaning
the
classroom.?
A
finished
B.have
finished
C.had
finished
C
一、单项选择。
(
)1.(2019,白银)I
prefer
music
has
great
lyrics.?
A.who
B.whose
C.that
D./
(
)2.(2019,兰州)We
are
supposed
some
housework
with
our
parents
when
we
have
free
time.?
A.to
share
B.sharing
C.shared
D.share
C
A
(
)3.(2018,天水)Danny
met
a
famous
astronaut
was
the
first
Canadian
astronaut
in
space.?
A.which
B.what
C.whose
D.who
(
)4.(2018,白银)
pencil
is
this,Tom’s
or
Henry’s??
A.What
B.When
C.Who
D.Whose
D
C
(
)5.(2018,兰州)I
like
the
city
the
people
are
really
kind
and
friendly.?
A.that
B.which
C.where
D.who
D
二、短文改错。(2020,天水)
假设英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有2处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My
mother
is
the
kind
and
nice
woman.So
she
is
very
strict
with
me.One
Sunday
night,when
I
was
watched
the
film
Harry
Potter,my
mother
asked
me
to
go
to
bed.I
loved
the
film
very
much,so
I
didn’t
move.After
a
while,I
noticed
that
she
didn’t
say
something.Then
she
got
angry
and
turned
on
the
TV.I
was
very
sad
and
entered
into
my
room.I
thought,“I
have
only
two
nights
in
a
week
watch
TV.Shouldn’t
I
enjoy
it
freely?”
The
next
day,she
cooked
and
talked
with
me
as
usually.I
pretended
not
to
hear,but
she
didn’t
mind
and
tell
me
she
wanted
me
to
have
a
good
rest.Then
I
understand
hers.I
love
my
mother.
答案：6.第一句:the→a 7.第二句:So→But 8.第三句:watched→watching
9.第五句:something→anything 10.第六句:on→off
11.第七句:删掉into
12.第八句:week后加to 13.第十句:usually→usual 14.第十一句:tell→told
15.第十二句:hers→her
三、任务型完形填空。(2019,武威)
Dear
Molly,
I
just
got
your
letter
with
the
picture
of
you
riding
your
bike.
From
the
smile
on
your
face,I
can
tell
how
much
16.
you’re
having.I
still
remember
when
you
could
17.
ride
a
tricycle(儿童三轮自行车).You’ve
18.
a
long
way!?
Now
here’s
some
19. .I’m
sure
you’re
a
good
rider.But
you
will
20.
that
bike
now
and
then.So
please
get
21.
a
helmet(头盔).Wear
it
every
time
you
ride.A
helmet
will
help
protect
you
22.
a
head
injury.Wearing
a
helmet
when
you
ride
a
bike
is
as
23.
as
wearing
your
seat
belt
when
you
ride
in
a
car!?
come,fun,
visit,
hardly,
yourself,
not,
fall
off,
advice,
from,
important
fun
hardly
come
advice
fall
off
yourself
from
important
No,I’m
24.
trying
to
be
a
bossy
know-it-all.I
just
don’t
want
a
bad
fall
to
wipe
that
smile
off
your
face.When
you
come
25.
this
summer,bring
your
bike
and
your
helmet.We’ll
take
some
great
rides
together.?
Your
cousin,
Vera
not
to
visit
四、口语交际。(2017,兰州)
阅读下面的对话,根据上下文,从方框内选择恰当的选项补全对话,使对话完整、符合逻辑。(其中有两项为多余选项)
A:Welcome
to
the
English
Club.My
name
is
Jack.Today
we
are
going
to
talk
about
the
best
ways
to
learn
English.26. ?
B:No,it’s
too
hard
to
understand
spoken
English
in
them.
A:27.
Do
you
learn
English
that
way?
?
B:Yes,I
do.It
helps
to
write
English
every
day.
A:Have
you
ever
studied
with
a
group?
B:Yes.I
have
learned
a
lot
that
way.
A:28. ?
B:Yes,it
is.It
really
improves
my
listening
and
speaking
skills.
A:What
about
reading
aloud
to
practice
pronunciation?
B:I
do
that
sometimes
because
I
often
need
to
look
up
new
words
in
a
dictionary.
A:What
else
do
you
do
to
improve
your
English?
B:29. ?
A:30.
I
will
be
very
glad
to
help
you.?
B:I
will.Thanks
a
lot.It’s
very
kind
of
you.
A.What’s
your
idea
about
learning
English?
B.I
often
watch
English
cartoon
films.
C.Do
you
learn
English
by
watching
videos?
D.What
about
keeping
a
diary
in
English?
E.I
like
English
very
much.
F.Call
me
if
you
have
any
difficulties.
G.Having
conversations
with
friends
is
also
a
good
way,isn’t
it?
答案：26.C 27.D 28.G 29.B 30.F
五、书面表达。(2017,山东德州)
31.假如你叫张明,你的外国朋友John发来邮件,请你介绍中国的传统节日。请根据表格内容提示及要求给他写一封80~100词的回信。
Festivals
time
food
activities
meanings
1
the
Lantern
Festival
in
January
or
February
yuanxiao
watch
lantern
shows
and
dragon
dances
pray
for
health
and
happiness
for
the
whole
year
2
the
Mid-Autumn
Festival
in
the
middle
of
autumn
mooncakes
watch
the
moon;
tell
the
story
of
Chang’e
celebrate
harvest;get
together
with
the
family
3
...
...
...
...
...
参考词汇:pray
for祈求;harvest丰收
要求:
1.描述节日1和节日2,并自主选择节日3进行介绍,包括节日名称、时间、美食、活动方式及意义等;
2.语言通顺,要点齐全,意思连贯,条理清楚,书写规范;
3.文中不得出现真实的姓名和学校名称;
4.文章开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear
John,
Glad
to
receive
your
email.You
asked
me
about
festivals
in
China.Let
me
introduce
some
important
ones
to
you.
First
of
all,I
want
to
introduce
the
Lantern
Festival.It
comes
in
January
or
February.
Can
you
tell
me
something
about
the
festivals
in
your
country?I’m
looking
forward
to
hearing
from
you.
Yours,
Zhang
Ming
One
possible
version:
Dear
John,?
Glad
to
receive
your
email.You
asked
me
about
festivals
in
China.Let
me
introduce
some
important
ones
to
you.?
First
of
all,I
want
to
introduce
the
Lantern
Festival.It
comes
in
January
or
February.On
that
day,we
eat
yuanxiao,go
to
watch
lantern
shows
and
dragon
dances
to
pray
for
health
and
happiness
for
the
whole
year.?
The
Mid-Autumn
Festival
is
in
the
middle
of
autumn.It
is
a
time
for
the
family
to
get
together
and
celebrate
harvest.At
night,the
whole
family
eat
delicious
mooncakes
and
tell
the
story
of
Chang’e
while
watching
the
big
bright
moon.
The
Spring
Festival
is
the
most
important
for
us
Chinese.It’s
the
beginning
of
a
new
year.We
usually
eat
dumplings,meat
and
some
other
nice
food.To
welcome
the
new
year,we
do
some
cleaning,buy
new
clothes,set
off
fireworks
and
visit
our
relatives.Everyone,young
or
old,has
a
happy
smile
on
their
faces.
Can
you
tell
me
something
about
the
festivals
in
your
country?I’m
looking
forward
to
hearing
from
you.?
Yours,
Zhang
Ming?(共25张PPT)
九年级全一册Units
13-14
【速查速记】
[词汇拓展]
1.fisherman(n.)
渔民;钓鱼的人→fishermen(pl.)
2.advantage(n.)
优点;有利条件→disadvantage(n.)
缺点
3.cost(v.)
花费→cost(过去式/过去分词)
4.harmful(adj.)
有害的→harm(n.&v.)
伤害;损害
5.law(n.)
法律;法规→lawyer(n.)
律师
6.shall(modal
v.)
将要;将会→should(过去式)
7.overcome(v.)
克服;战胜→overcame(过去式)→overcome(过去分词)
8.graduate(v.)
毕业→graduation(n.)
毕业
9.gentleman(n.)
先生;绅士→gentlemen(pl.)
10.congratulate(v.)
祝贺→congratulation(n.)
祝贺
[重点短语]
1.be
harmful
to
对……有害
2.at
the
top
of
在……顶部或顶端
3.the
food
chain
食物链
4.take
part
in
参加
5.turn
off
关掉
6.pay
for
付费;付出代价
7.take
action
采取行动
8.throw
away
扔掉;抛弃
9.put
sth.to
good
use
好好利用某物
10.pull...down
拆下;摧毁
11.bring
back
恢复;使想起;归还
12.in
a
row
连续几次地
13.look
back
at回首(往事);回忆;回顾
14.make
a
mess弄得一团糟(一塌糊涂)
15.keep
one’s
cool沉住气;保持冷静
16.senior
high(school)高中
17.go
by
(时间)逝去;过去
18.believe
in信任;信赖
19.first
of
all首先
20.be
thirsty
for渴望;渴求
21.be
thankful
to
sb.对某人心存感激
22.ahead
of在……前面
23.along
with连同;除……以外还
24.be
responsible
for对……有责任;负责任
25.set
out出发;启程
26.separate
from分离;隔开
[重点句子]
1.Everyone
in
this
town
should
play
a
part
in
cleaning
it
up.这个镇上的每个人都应该参与清理它。
2.She
lives
in
a
house
in
the
UK
that
she
built
herself
out
of
rubbish.她住在英国,房子是她自己用废弃物建造而成的。
3.She
helped
you
to
work
out
the
answers
yourself
no
matter
how
difficult
they
were.
无论问题多难,她会帮助你,让你自己算出答案。
4.And
now
it’s
time
to
graduate.现在到了毕业的时候。
5.And
yes,some
of
you
were
a
little
difficult
to
deal
with!
是的,你们当中有些同学有点难以应付!
6.Never
fail
to
be
thankful
to
the
people
around
you.永远不要忘记感恩周围的人。
7.You’ll
make
mistakes
along
the
way,but
the
key
is
to
learn
from
your
mistakes
and
never
give
up.你们在成长的道路上会犯错误,可关键却是从错误中吸取教训而且决不放弃。
一、词汇与短语
1.harmful
adj.有害的
?
It’s
harmful
to/bad
for
your
eyes
to
read
in
the
bus.
在公共汽车上看书对你的眼睛有害。
Working
without
rest
does
harm
to
your
health.
只工作不休息对你的健康有害。
?预测训练?
(
)1.(2020,贵州黔南州)Charlie,don’t
read
in
the
sun!
It
is
bad
for
your
eyes!?
A.is
good
for
B.is
harmful
to
C.is
cruel
to
D.is
sad
for
B
2.scientific
adj.科学上的;科学的
▲拓展:scientific的名词为:science(自然科学)和scientist(科学家)
▲一言辨异:I’m
interested
in
science
and
want
to
be
a
scientist,so
I
take
part
in
many
scientific
activities.
我对科学感兴趣,想成为一名科学家,所以我参加了很多科学活动。
?预测训练?
2.(2019,四川南充)So
far,no
(科学的)
studies
have
shown
that
shark
fins
are
good
for
health.?
scientific
3.work
out
解决;算出
work
out意为“解决;算出”,是“动词+副词”结构的短语,名词(短语)作宾语时,该名词放在out的前后皆可,代词作宾语时,只能放在work与out之间。
Can
you
show
me
how
to
work
the
math
problem
out?
你能告诉我如何算出这道数学题吗?
▲拓展:work
out
fine意为“奏效;产生好的结果”。
He
hopes
this
plan
will
work
out
fine.
他希望这个计划将是切实可行的。
▲注意:work
out=solve
?预测训练?
(
)3.(2020,湖北咸宁)—Michael,could
you
please
help
me
this
math
problem??
—OK.Let
me
have
a
try.
A.look
up
B.look
after
C.work
out
D.put
away
C
4.graduate
v.毕业;获得学位
graduate
from意为“从……毕业”。
I
am
about
to
graduate;what
should
I
do?
我马上要毕业了,我该做什么呢?
Which
school
did
you
graduate
from?
你是从哪个学校毕业的?
▲拓展:(1)graduate可作名词,意为“毕业生”。
He
is
an
arts
graduate.
他是一个文科毕业生。
(2)graduation名词,意为“毕业”。
What
will
you
do
after
graduation?
你毕业后打算干什么?
?预测训练?
4.(2020,四川泸州改编) Our
plan
to
have
a
(graduate)
ceremony
will
be
discussed
in
the
next
class
meeting.?
graduation
二、句子与语法
■句子
Well,to
cut
down
air
pollution,we
should
take
the
bus
or
subway
instead
of
driving.
嗯,为了减少空气污染,我们应该乘坐公交车或地铁,而不是开车。
动词不定式表目的
to
cut
down
air
pollution意为“为了减少污染”,是动词不定式作目的状语。不定式用作目的状语有两个可能的位置,一是在句首,二是在句末。一般说来,用于句首属于强调性用法,即强调动词的目的。
To
keep
themselves
awake
they
sat
on
the
floor
and
told
each
other
stories.
为了不至于睡着,他们坐在地板上轮流讲故事。
▲注意:有时为了特别强调目的状语,可以在不定式之前加上in
order或so
as,即构成in
order
to
do
sth.和so
as
to
do
sth.结构。
She
arrived
early
in
order
to
get
a
good
seat.
她到得很早,为了找个好座位。
?预测训练?
(
)5.(2020,内蒙古呼和浩特)
the
project
as
planned,they
need
to
work
two
more
hours
a
day.?
A.To
finish
B.Finishing
C.Finish
D.To
be
finished
A
■语法
动名词【见第二篇第7讲】
(1)动名词的结构:由动词原形在词尾加-ing构成。否定形式是“not+动词原形+-ing”。
I
like
reading.我喜欢读书。
(2)动名词的句法功能:
①动名词作主语,谓语要用单数。
Playing
with
fire
is
dangerous.
玩火是危险的。
②动名词作宾语。
及物动词后面可以跟不定式、动名词作宾语。以下动词只能用动名词而不可用动词不定式作宾语。如:mind,miss,consider,can’t
help(禁不住),allow,avoid,advise,finish,enjoy,excuse,escape,imagine,suggest,stand等。动名词还可作介词的宾语,如:feel
like,be
used
to等。
③动名词作表语。
My
dream
is
being
a
teacher.
我的梦想是成为一名教师。
④动名词作定语。
It
is
a
shopping
center.
它是一个购物中心。
?预测训练?
(
)6.(2019,贵州贵阳)Volunteering
the
world
warmer.Even
small
things
can
make
a
big
difference.?
A.make
B.makes
C.was
making
B
一、单项选择。
(
)1.(2020,天水)—Everyone
should
stick
to
his
dream.
—Yes.A
life
without
a
dream
is
like
a
bird
without
,which
can’t
fly.?
A.wings
B.water
C.clouds
D.food
(
)2.(2020,白银)If
I
have
to
listen
to
something
I
don’t
understand.It
just
goes
in
one
ear
and
out
the
other.?
A.is
just
learned
by
heart
B.is
just
forgotten
quickly
C.is
just
understood
well
D.is
just
needed
by
others
A
B
(
)3.(2019,武威)Don’t
forget
to
the
lights
when
they
are
not
in
use!?
A.turn
over
B.turn
off
C.turn
up
D.turn
on
(
)4.(2018,天水)In
order
for
the
competition,my
sister
forced
herself
to
get
up
early
this
morning.?
A.not
to
be
late
B.not
being
late
C.to
be
late
D.being
late
B
A
二、完形填空。(2019,天水)
March
22
is
World
Water
Day.It
started
in
1993.It
not
only
makes
us
think
about
the
importance
of
water,but
also
calls
on(号召)
us
to
5
and
protect
water.Today,we’re
facing
terrible
water
problems.Among
them,the
wastewater
problem
is
rather
6 .And
the
subject
of
World
Water
Day
in
2017
is
“wastewater”.?
What
is
wastewater?
It
is
used
water.Usually,wastewater
comes
from
homes, 7 ,hospitals
and
so
on.It
is
produced
by
different
kinds
of
activities,including
washing
machines,taking
showers
and
using
kitchens.The
rain
also
8
wastewater
when
it
is
running
down
the
street
during
a
storm.No
matter
where
it
comes
from,this
kind
of
water
is
sure
to
have
9
harmful
in
it.?
10
must
we
treat(处理)wastewater?
Wastewater
has
a
big
influence
on
our
lives.It
causes
both
illness
for
us
and
pollution
for
the
environment.We
must
care
for
our
environment
and
our
own
11 .?
How
can
we
treat
wastewater?Different
kinds
of
wastewater
need
different
ways
of
treatment.Wastewater
12
homes
can
be
reused.Then
there
will
be
13
wastewater.Also,factory
wastewater
has
to
be
cleaned
14
it
goes
back
to
nature.?
(
)5.A.drink
B.save
C.carry
D.watch
(
)6.A.easy
B.popular
C.small
D.serious
(
)7.A.factories
B.lakes
C.rivers
D.seas
(
)8.A.gets
back
B.hands
in
C.changes
intoD.picks
up
(
)9.A.nothing
B.something
C.nobody
D.somebody
(
)10.A.What
B.Who
C.Why
D.How
(
)11.A.work
B.interest
C.health
D.business
(
)12.A.on
B.for
C.with
D.from
(
)13.A.less
B.more
C.better
D.worse
(
)14.A.and
B.whether
C.after
D.before
B
D
A
C
B
C
C
D
A
D
三、阅读理解。(2019,兰州)
?
At
8,844,43
meters
high,Mount
Qomolangma
is
the
tallest
mountain
on
Earth.While
it
is
famous
for
its
beautiful
views,parts
of
the
mountain
are
facing
a
problem:rubbish.Every
year,thousands
of
visitors
throw
away
tons
of
rubbish,such
as
bottles
and
plastic
bags.
According
to
the
UN,over
140
tons
of
rubbish
has
been
left
on
the
mountain.To
reduce
rubbish,China
is
limiting(限制)
the
number
of
people
who
are
allowed
to
climb
up
the
north
side
of
the
mountain.Only
300
people
will
be
allowed
to
climb
it,and
only
during
spring.
Local
people
cleaned
the
mountain
last
year,removing
rubbish
at
a
height
of
5,200
meters.They
collected
about
8.4
metric
tons
of
rubbish.
This
year,the
local
government
plans
to
spend
4
million
yuan
on
a
new
clean-up
activity.The
local
government
is
also
setting
up
stations
to
sort(分类),recycle
and
break
down
rubbish
collected
from
the
mountain.A
group
of
artists
will
also
try
to
turn
the
rubbish
into
art
works.They
will
show
these
works
of
art
to
remind
people
not
to
leave
rubbish
when
climbing
the
mountain.
(
)15.What
problem
are
parts
of
Mount
Qomolangma
facing?
A.Air
pollution.
B.Rubbish.
C.Noise.
D.Water
pollution.
B
(
)16.How
many
people
will
be
allowed
to
climb
up
the
north
side
of
the
mountain
during
spring?
A.140.
B.5,200.
C.4
million.
D.300.
(
)17.The
underlined
word
“removing”
in
Paragraph
3
probably
means
.?
A.using
up
B.making
better
C.putting
on
D.taking
away
D
D
(
)18.The
artists
will
show
their
art
works
in
order
to
.?
A.teach
people
to
make
works
of
art
B.help
people
to
know
about
Qomolangma
C.encourage
people
to
clean
up
Qomolangma
D.remind
people
not
to
throw
rubbish
on
Qomolangma
(
)19.What
kind
of
writing
is
this?
A.A
notice.
B.News.
C.A
story.
D.An
advertisement.
D
B
