Unit
2
The
universal
language
如何写人物介绍
人物介绍分为自我介绍和他人介绍。本单元是写人物介绍。写好人物介绍应做到以下几点：
一、把握准题材、人称及时态
1．题材：人物介绍(说明文)
人物介绍就是通过描写人物的外貌并介绍人物的姓名、年龄、经历、特长、爱好等来表现人物特征的一种文体。描写要根据文章的要求和要表达的主题，灵活掌握，分清主次，突出重点。
2．人称：一般以第一、三人称为主。
3．时态：根据文章的具体要求而定。
一般描写人物的生平简介用一般过去时；自己对人物的评价用一般现在时。
二、恰当安排文章结构和表达顺序
1．一般性结构
(1)首段对人物进行简单的介绍；
(2)中段介绍自己对该人物的态度。
(3)末段是自己的启示。
2．表达顺序
英文人物介绍一般要求能用简洁明了的英语把要介绍的情况按照逻辑顺序一一讲明，最常采用的是时间顺序和空间顺序，有时也会采用倒叙或者插叙的方法进行。
三、使用准确、恰当、丰富多彩的语言表达形式
1．介绍人物生平事迹的文章要注意句式丰富多变，整合与把握不同类型的句子，尽量避免简单罗列。我们可以在简单句的基础上用非谓语动词等形式进行整合扩充。
2．有时为了句式连贯合理，我们也可以把一些简单句通过加连接词的方式进行整合。
3．为了使句式丰富多变，不给人枯燥乏味的感觉，我们还可以多使用一些含有各种从句的复合句。
1．Sb.is
considered
to
be
one
of
the
greatest...
2．Well
known
as...，he...
3．Born
in
a
poor
family，he
had
to...
4．When
he
was
a
small
boy，he
showed
a
great
interest
in...
5．Thanks
to
the
help
of...，he
was
able
to
continue
his
education.
6．Between...and...，he
studied
at...
7．From...to...，he
first
worked
as...，and
then
became...
8．He
was
praised/honored
for...
9．She
devoted
herself
to...and
made
great
contributions
to...
10．She
was
awarded...for...
11．His
achievements
are
worthy
of
praise.
根据下列文字写一篇80词左右的文章，介绍海顿。
身份
海顿，奥地利著名音乐家，维也纳古典乐派重要代表人物
经历
1732年3月31日，出生于奥地利南方靠近匈牙利边境的风景秀丽的罗劳村。1749年因变音被开除失业，从此流落街头。从1753年起，声名鹊起；1760年结婚，但和妻子相处不好，不久离婚。1761年受雇于一奥地利皇族。1802年因病无法作曲，1809年5月31日逝世于维也纳。
评价
海顿是世界音乐史上影响巨大的重要作曲家
体裁
人物介绍
时态
以一般过去时为主
主题
介绍海顿
人称
以第三人称为主
结构
第一段：基本情况及出生第二段：经历与成就第三段：简单评价
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1．composer
n．
作曲家
2．unwillingly
adv.
极不情愿地
3．awesome
adj.
令人敬畏的
4．employ
vt.
雇用
5．suffer_an_illness
患病
6．get_married
结婚
7．get_separated
分开
8．get_along_well
相处得好
9．be_considered_as...
被认为是……
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
(一)完成句子
1．海顿，古典音乐时期杰出的作曲家，1732年3月31日出生于匈牙利边境附近的一个奥地利村庄。
Haydn，an_outstanding_composer
of
the
classical
period，was_born_on
the
31st
of
March
in
1732
in
an
Austrian
village，near
the
Hungarian
border.
2．1761年，他受雇于奥地利帝国最富有、最重要的家族之一。
In
1761，he
was_employed_by_one_of_the_wealthiest_and_most_important_
families
in
the
Austrian
Empire.
3．他于1809年5月31日去世。
He
passed_away
on
the
31st
of
May
in
1809.
4．作为古典音乐之父，他被认为是音乐史上最伟大的音乐家之一。
Known
as_the_father_of
the
classical
music，he
is_considered_as_one_of_the_
greatest_musicians
in
the
history
of
music.
(二)句式升级
5．17岁时，他年纪太大，唱不出高难度的合唱部分，这让他不情愿地丢掉了工作。(用too...
to...结构和非限制性定语从句升级)
At
17，he
was
so
old
that
he
couldn't
sing
high
choral
parts.That
made
him
lose
his
job
unwillingly.
→At_17，he_was_too_old_to_sing_high_choral_parts，which_made_him_lose_
his_job_unwillingly.
6．从1753年，随着他技能的增长，他开始变得受欢迎和令人敬畏。(用with复合结构升级)
From
1753，as
his
skills
were
increasing，he
began
to
become
popular
and
awesome.
→From_1753，with_his_skills_increasing，he_began_to_become_popular_and_
awesome.
7．1760年，海顿结婚了，但他和妻子相处不好，很快分手了，没有孩子。(用连词but和现在分词作结果状语升级)
In
1760，Haydn
got
married.He
and
his
wife
did
not
get
along
well
and
got
separated
soon.They
left
no
children.
→In_1760，Haydn_got_married，but_he_and_his_wife_did_not_get_along_well
_and_got_separated_soon，leaving_no_children.
8．然而，1802年患病使得他根本无法作曲。(用动名词短语作主语升级)
However，in
the
year
of
1802，he
suffered
an
illness
and
this
made
him
physically
unable
to
compose.
→However，in_the_year_of_1802，suffering_an_illness_made_him_physically_
unable_to_compose.
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【参考范文】
Haydn，an
outstanding
composer
of
the
classical
period，was
born
on
the
31st
of
March
in
1732
in
an
Austrian
village，near
the
Hungarian
border.
At
17，he
was
too
old
to
sing
high
choral
parts，which
made
him
lose
his
job
unwillingly.From
1753，with
his
skills
increasing，he
began
to
become
popular
and
awesome.In
1760，Haydn
got
married，but
he
and
his
wife
did
not
get
along
well
and
got
separated
soon，leaving
no
children.In
1761，he
was
employed
by
one
of
the
wealthiest
and
most
important
families
in
the
Austrian
Empire.However，in
the
year
of
1802，suffering
an
illness
made
him
physically
unable
to
compose.He
passed
away
on
the
31st
of
May
in
1809.
Known
as
the
father
of
the
classical
music，he
is
considered
as
one
of
the
greatest
musicians
in
the
history
of
music.
【导读】 The
garden
party是英国女作家Katherine
Mansfield的短篇小说。阅读下面有关花园聚会的场景描写，一起享受有音乐、鲜花、美食的美好时刻吧！
【节选】
The
garden
party
They
need
not
have
worried.
The
weather
was
perfect—warm，and
without
a
cloud
in
the
sky.The
gardener
had
been
at
work
since
dawn，cutting
and
brushing
the
lawns，until
the
green
grass
shone.
And
the
roses—the
roses
were
wonderful.Hundreds
of
flowers
had
opened
during
the
night.You
could
almost
believe
that
the
roses
knew
about
the
garden
party!
While
the
Sheridan
girls
were
having
breakfast，the
men
came
with
the
marquee.
‘Where
shall
we
put
the
marquee，mother？’asked
Meg.
‘My
dear
child，please
don't
ask
me.I'm
determined
to
make
you
children
organize
everything
this
year.Forget
that
I
am
your
mother.Pretend
I'm
one
of
your
guests.’
But
Meg
could
not
possibly
talk
to
the
men.She
had
just
washed
her
hair.Jose，as
usual，wasn't
even
dressed
yet.
‘You'll
have
to
go，Laura.
You're
the
artistic
one
in
this
family.’
Laura
flew
out
of
the
house，still
holding
a
piece
of
bread
and
butter
in
her
hand.
Food
always
tasted
delicious
out
of
doors，and
Laura
loved
arranging
things.
She
always
felt
that
she
could
do
it
better
than
anyone
else.
Four
men
were
waiting
on
the
garden
path.They
were
carrying
big
bags
of
tools，and
looked
very
serious.Laura
wished
she
had
left
her
bread
and
butter
in
the
house.She
blushed，and
tried
to
look
business?like.
‘Good
morning，’she
said，copying
her
mother's
voice.But
it
sounded
so
silly
that
she
was
ashamed，and
asked，just
like
a
little
girl，‘Oh，have
you
come—is
it
about
the
marquee？’
‘That's
right，miss，’said
the
tallest
of
the
men.He
pushed
back
his
hat
and
smiled
down
at
her.
His
smile
was
so
friendly
that
Laura
felt
better
immediately.
What
nice
eyes
he
had—small，but
a
lovely
dark
blue！All
the
men
were
smiling
now.‘Cheer
up！We
won't
bite！’they
seemed
to
be
saying.How
very
nice
workmen
were！And
what
a
beautiful
morning！She
mustn't
mention
the
morning；she
must
be
business?like.The
marquee.
‘Well，shall
we
put
it
on
the
lawn
over
there？’
She
pointed
with
the
hand
that
was
not
holding
the
bread
and
butter.They
all
turned
and
stared.The
tall
man
frowned.
‘I
don't
like
it，’he
said.‘You
wouldn't
notice
it
there.You
see，with
a
thing
like
a
marquee，you
want
it
where
it
hits
you—bang
in
the
eye，as
you
might
say.’
Laura
had
been
brought
up
in
a
way
which
made
her
wonder
for
a
moment
whether
a
workman
should
use
an
expression
like‘bang
in
the
eye’to
her.But
she
understood
what
he
meant.
‘A
corner
of
the
tennis
court，’she
suggested.‘But
the
band's
going
to
be
in
one
corner.’
‘Having
a
band，are
you？’said
another
workman.He
was
pale，with
a
tired
look
in
his
dark
eyes.What
was
he
thinking?
‘Only
a
very
small
band，’Laura
said
gently.Perhaps
he
wouldn't
mind
a
very
small
band.
But
the
tall
man
said，‘Look
here，miss，that's
the
place.By
those
trees.Over
there.’
By
the
karaka
trees.The
marquee
would
hide
them.And
the
karaka
trees
were
so
lovely，with
their
big，shiny
leaves
and
orange
fruit.Must
they
be
hidden
by
a
marquee?
They
must.The
men
were
already
carrying
their
bags
of
tools
across
the
lawn.Only
the
tall
man
was
left.Suddenly，he
bent
down
touched
a
rose，and
pulled
it
gently
towards
him
to
smell
it.
When
Laura
saw
him
do
that，she
forgot
about
the
karakas.He
was
a
workman
who
loved
the
perfume
of
roses.How
many
of
the
men
that
she
knew
cared
about
things
like
that？Oh，how
nice
workmen
are，she
thought.Why
couldn't
she
have
them
for
her
friends，instead
of
the
silly
boys
she
danced
with
and
who
came
to
Sunday
night
supper？She
liked
these
men
much
better.
It's
all
the
fault，she
decided，of
these
stupid
differences
in
social
class.Well，for
her
there
were
no
differences.Absolutely
none
at
all，not
a
single
one...And
now
there
came
the
sound
of
hammers.Someone
whistled，someone
called
out，‘Are
you
all
right，mate？’‘Mate！’How
friendly
they
were！Just
to
show
how
happy
she
was，how
she
liked
being
among
these
friendly
men，Laura
took
a
big
bite
out
of
her
bread
and
butter.
She
felt
just
like
a
workgirl.
‘Laura，Laura，where
are
you？Telephone，Laura！’a
voice
cried
from
the
house.
‘Coming！’She
ran
across
the
lawn，up
the
path
and
into
the
house.In
the
hall，her
father
and
Laurie
were
brushing
their
hats，getting
ready
to
go
to
the
office.
‘I
say，Laura，’said
Laurie，‘take
a
look
at
my
coat，can
you，before
this
afternoon？I
think
it
needs
ironing.’
‘All
right，’she
said.Suddenly，she
couldn't
stop
herself.She
ran
up
to
Laurie
and
threw
her
arms
around
him.‘Oh，I
do
love
parties，don't
you！’she
cried.
‘I'll
say
I
do！’said
Laurie's
warm，boyish
voice.He
gave
his
sister
a
gentle
push.‘Run
off
to
the
phone，old
girl.’
The
telephone.‘Yes，yes；oh
yes.Kitty？Good
morning，e
to
lunch，my
dear！It
will
be
nothing
special—just
what's
left
over.Yes，isn't
it
a
perfect
morning？Yes，wear
your
white
dress.One
moment—mother
is
saying
something.’
Mrs
Sheridan's
voice
floated
down
the
stairs.‘Tell
her
to
wear
that
sweet
hat
she
wore
last
Sunday.’
‘Mother
says
you
must
wear
that
sweet
hat
you
wore
last
Sunday.Good.One
o'clock.Bye?bye！’
Laura
put
down
the
phone，took
a
deep
breath，and
stretched
out
her
arms.Then
she
stood
still，listening.The
house
was
alive
with
sounds
of
running
feet
and
distant
voices.Somewhere
down
in
the
kitchen，a
door
opened
and
closed.Sunlight，and
little
warm
winds，played
in
and
out
of
the
windows.
Darling
little
winds.
The
door?bell
rang，and
she
heard
a
man's
voice
and
then
Sadie
saying，‘I'm
sure
I
don't
know.Wait.I'll
ask
Mrs
Sheridan.’
‘What
is
it，Sadie？’Laura
came
into
the
hall.
‘The
flowers
have
come
from
the
shop，Miss
Laura.’
And
there
they
were，by
the
door.Box
after
box，full
of
pots
of
pink
lilies.No
other
kind.
Nothing
but
lilies，big
pink
flowers，wide
open
and
almost
frighteningly
alive.
园会
他们不必担心。天气再好不过了——暖融融的，没有一丝云彩。园丁们天不亮就开始忙着修剪、清理草坪，直到把青翠的草地收拾得光彩照人。玫瑰花——玫瑰花也艳丽极了。几百朵玫瑰在一夜之间竞相绽放，让你不得不相信它们仿佛也知道要开园会了！
当谢里登家的姑娘们还在吃早饭的时候，搭帐篷的人就到了。
“妈妈，我们把帐篷搭在哪儿？”梅格问。
“乖孩子，请别问我。我决定今年所有的事情都让你们这些孩子来管。别想着我是你们的妈妈，把我当作你们的一位客人吧。”
不过梅格是不可能去和那些人商议这个问题的。她刚洗了头发，而乔斯同平常一样还没有穿戴整齐。
“劳拉，只有你跑一趟了。我们家里你最有艺术眼光。”
劳拉跑了出去，手里还拿着她那块黄油面包。在户外吃东西总是很香甜的，再说，她也乐意管事。她总觉得自己比别人管得好。
四个工人在花园小路上等着。他们背着大工具袋，样子很严肃。劳拉真希望刚才把那块黄油面包留在了屋里。她的脸红了，却努力做出一本正经的样子。
“早上好。”她模仿着母亲的声调说。但是这种声调听起来愚蠢极了，她很不好意思，接着像个小女孩儿似的问：“噢，你们来——是来搭帐篷的吗？”
“没错，小姐。”个头最高的那个人回答道。他把帽子往后面推了推，低头冲她微笑。
他的笑容是如此的友善，劳拉马上感觉好多了。他的眼睛多好看呀——虽然不大，却是那种迷人的深蓝色！所有的人都在微笑。“高兴点儿！我们不会咬你的！”他们仿佛在这么说。多好的工人！多美的早晨！但她可不能谈论这些；得像个办事的样子。搭帐篷吧。
“嗯，我们把帐篷搭在那边的草坪上行吗？”
她用没拿黄油面包的手指着草坪。大家都转身望去。高个子皱起了眉头。
“我不喜欢，”他说，“搭在那儿让人注意不到。你要明白，帐篷这样的东西得搭在一眼就能看到的地方——用你的话来说，就是可以让你眼睛一亮的那种地方。”
劳拉从小受的家教使她迟疑了一会儿，她不知道工人对她说话是否应该使用“眼睛一亮”这样的字眼。但她明白他的意思。
“搭在网球场的角上吧，”她提议道，“可乐队还要占一角呢。”
“还有乐队，是吗？”另一位工人说。他面色苍白，黑眼睛里透着疲惫。他在想什么呢？
“只不过是支很小的乐队。”劳拉轻声回答说。对于很小的乐队他可能是不会介意的。这时高个子说：“小姐，看这儿。这真是块好地方。就在那些树旁边，就在那儿。”
搭在卡拉卡树周围，那么这些树就会被帐篷挡住。可这些长着发亮的大叶子、结着橘黄色果实的树是多么可爱呀。它们非得被帐篷挡住不可吗？
非被挡住不可了。工人们已经背起工具袋走过草坪了，只有高个子没动。突然间，他弯下身去，用手抚摸着一朵玫瑰，轻轻地把花拉到跟前，去闻花的芳香。
劳拉看着高个子，竟忘记了卡拉卡树的事。这位工人竟然会喜欢玫瑰花的香味。她认识的男人中有几个人会在乎这样的东西呢？噢，工人们真是太好了，她想。为什么她不能跟工人们交朋友，却非得和那些同她跳舞、星期天来赴晚餐的傻乎乎的男孩儿们交往呢？跟那些男孩儿们相比，她更喜欢这些人。
劳拉认定一切都是这些讨厌的社会阶层差别造成的。然而，对于她来说是没有这些差别的。绝对没有，一丁点儿也没有……这时传来了锤子的敲击声。有人吹着口哨，有人大声喊道：“还行吗，伙计？”“伙计！”他们是多么友善啊！只是为了证明她有多么快活，证明她多么喜欢待在这些友好的人当中，劳拉咬了一大口黄油面包。她觉得自己就像是个女工。
“劳拉，劳拉，你在哪儿？有你的电话，劳拉！”有人在房子里喊着。
“来啦！”她跑过草坪，沿着小路跑进屋里。大厅里，父亲和劳里正在刷帽子，准备去上班。
“喂，劳拉，”劳里说，“下午之前帮我检查一下外套好吗？可能需要熨一熨。”
“没问题。”劳拉答道。突然间，她情不自禁的跑向劳里去拥抱她。“噢，我真喜欢聚会！你呢？”她大声问道。
“我也喜欢！”劳里用他那热情而又孩子气的声音回答道。他也轻轻地抱了抱妹妹。“快去接电话，小丫头。”
得接电话。“喂，是我；噢，是的。基蒂？早上好，亲爱的。来吃午饭吧，亲爱的！没什么特别招待的——只有些剩饭菜。是呀，多么美妙的早晨呀！对，穿上你的白裙子。等一下——妈妈有话说。”
从楼上传来谢里登夫人的声音：“告诉她戴上上个星期天戴的那顶漂亮帽子。”
“我妈妈叫你务必戴你上星期天戴的那顶漂亮帽子。好的，1点钟，再见！”
劳拉放下电话，深吸了一口气，舒展开双臂。然后她一动不动地站着，侧耳聆听。奔跑的脚步声和远处的话语声让整个房子都活了起来。在厨房的某个地方，有扇门忽开忽闭。阳光和煦暖的微风从窗口进进出出，仿佛在嬉戏玩耍。好可爱的微风。
门铃响了，她听到一个男子的声音，紧接着她听到萨迪说：“我不知道有这回事。请等一下，我去问问谢里登夫人。”
“什么事，萨迪？”劳拉走进大厅。
“在店里订的花到了，劳拉小姐。”
那些花就在门旁放着。一箱又一箱的，箱子里装满了盆栽的粉色百合花。没有其他品种，只有百合花。大朵大朵的粉色百合花怒放着，那股生机咄咄逼人。
[知识积累]
1．marquee
n．
(游园会，花展等表演用的)大帐篷
2．hit
v.
一眼就能看出来
3．perfume
n.
香味；芳香
4．stupid
adj.
讨厌的，恼人的
5．lawn
n.
草坪
6．stretch
v.
伸长，伸展
[文化链接]
解读《园会》
短篇小说《园会》就像一张照片，记录下人们生活中的某些瞬间。人们在这些瞬间或微笑，或蹙眉，或忧伤或快乐，或惊奇……Unit
2
The
universal
language
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．The
tendency
(趋势)
for
women
to
marry
and
bear
children
later
results
in
population
decreasing.
2．The
Statue
of
Liberty
(自由)
in
New
York
Harbour
was
presented
by
the
people
of
France.
3．Can
you
imagine
people
being
sold
as
slaves
(奴隶)?
4．The
book
has
been
styled
in
a
modern
format
(样式)，which
is
more
popular
among
the
young.
5．A
judge
must
be
free
from
prejudice
(偏见)．
6．Strongly
opposed
to
racial
discrimination，he
insists
that
everyone
be
treated
equally.
7．I
offered
him
a
lift
to
his
house，but
he
declined
with
thanks.
8．The
fans
screamed
with
excitement
when
they
saw
him.
9．Gradually，the
sound
of
footsteps
died
away.
10．Money
is
often
said
to
be
the
root
of
all
evil.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．slave
n．奴隶→slavery
n．奴隶身份；奴隶制→slaver
n．奴隶贩子
2．tend
v．倾向；趋向→tendency
n．倾向，偏好；趋势，趋向
3．gradual
adj.逐渐的，逐步的；平缓的，不陡的→gradually
adv.逐渐地；逐步地
4．prejudice
n．偏见，成见
vt.使怀有(或形成)偏见→prejudiced
adj.有偏见的；有成见的；偏颇的；偏心的
5．discriminate
v．辨别，区分；歧视→discrimination
n．歧视，区别对待；辨别力，鉴赏力→discriminating
adj.有辨别力的；有识别力的；有鉴赏力的
adj.＋?ly→adv.
v.＋?ion→n.
approximately
adv.大约attentively
adv.注意地mentally
adv.精神上；智力上
accommodation
n．住宿，调节administration
n．执行，管理appreciation
n．欣赏，感激
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．spring
up
突然兴起，迅速出现
2．break
up
破裂；破碎；结束；散开；解散
3．dance
to
伴随……而跳舞
4．go
crazy
变得疯狂，发疯
5．turn
out
结果是，证明是
6．bring
back
带回
7．combine...with...
把……与……结合
8．turn
to
转向，求助于
9．be
recognized
as...
被认为是……
10．lead
to
导致
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．If
they
don't
find
their
son，they'll
go_crazy.
2．Barry
and
Anne
were
always
quarreling，and
I
fear
that
their
marriage
is
about
to
break_up.
3．Many
new
factories
have
sprung_up
in
my
home
town.
4．If
he
can
combine
his
ability
with
hard
work，he
should
be
very
successful.
5．Acid
rain
is_recognized_as
one
of
the
most
serious
global
environmental
problems.
go＋adj.→动词短语
v.＋...＋with→动词短语
go
bad
变坏；变酸；腐败go
wrong
出错；发生故障go
mad发疯
arm...with
准备，配备，装备connect...with与……连接；与……有关系；接通(电话)cover...with用……覆盖(遮掩)
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.While
the
blues
was
popular，as
a
musical
format
it
lacked
variety
and
was
too
sad
and
slow
to
dance
to.尽管蓝调音乐非常受欢迎，但作为一种音乐形式，它缺少变化，而且太伤感、节奏太慢，不适合跳舞时伴奏。
while意为“尽管”，作从属连词，引导让步状语从句。
While_I_am_willing_to_help，I
do
not
have
much
time
available.
尽管我愿意帮忙，但是没有多少时间。
2.Wherever
the
Beatles
went，there
was
a
phenomenon
called
‘Beatlemania’
—thousands
of
fans
would
surround
them，screaming
and
going
crazy
trying
to
see
them.不管“披头士”乐队去哪里，都会出现一种“披头士狂热”现象——成千上万的歌迷围住他们，尖叫着，疯狂地想见他们一面。
wherever意为“无论在/到什么地方”，引导让步状语从句。
Whenever_I_meet_with_difficulties，they
are
always
ready
to
lend
me
a
hand.无论何时我遇到困难，他们总是愿意伸出援助之手。
3.Nowadays，concerts
held
in
sports
stadiums
are
common，and
it
seems
that
every
few
years
there
is
a
new
boy
band
trying
to
bring
back
the
magic
of
the
Beatles.如今，在体育馆中举办音乐会已经很平常，而且似乎每过几年就会有一个新的男孩乐队出现，试图重现“披头士”乐队的魅力。
it
seems
that...意为“似乎，好像……”，that引导表语从句。
It_seems_that_the_sky_will_clear_up，and
it
promises
to
be
a
fine
day
tomorrow.
天空似乎马上要放晴了，预示着明天是个好天气。
tendency
n．倾向，偏好；趋势，趋向
(教材P30)During
the
late
part
of
the
19th
century，black
musicians
used
these
folk
songs
to
create
a
kind
of
music
called
the
blues，because
it
had
a
tendency
to
be
very
sad.在19世纪下半叶，黑人音乐家借助于这些民歌创造了一种被称作蓝调的音乐，因为这种音乐形式有忧伤的趋势。
(1)have
a
tendency
to
do
sth.
有做某事的倾向have
a
tendency
to/towards...
倾向，偏向……there
is
a
tendency
to
do
sth.
有做某事的趋向(2)tend
vi.&vt.
倾向；趋向；照料，护理tend
to/towards
趋向/倾向于tend
to
sb./sth.
照料，照看某人/某事tend
to
do
sth.
易于/往往会做某事
①She
has
a
strong
natural
tendency
to/towards
caution.她天生小心谨慎。
②There
is
a
tendency
to
think
of
each
of
the
arts
as
a
separate
area.
目前有一种趋势认为每一种艺术形式都是独立的领域。
③She
has
a
tendency
to_rely
(rely)
on
luck.
她总喜欢碰运气。
④She
tends
to_get
(get)
angry
when
others
disagree
with
her.
别人不同意她的看法时，她往往会生气。
spring
up突然兴起，迅速出现；跳起
(教材P30)Thus，from
the
blues，there
sprung
up
a
faster，livelier
kind
of
music
called
jazz.
于是，从蓝调音乐发展出一种更轻快、更活泼的音乐形式，叫作爵士乐。
spring
to
one's
feet
突然站起来spring
from
起源于，出身于，来自spring
sth.on
sb.
突然提出/告知某人某事
①John
sprang
to
his
feet
to
help
his
mother
with
the
heavy
box.
约翰连忙站起来，帮助妈妈搬那只沉重的箱子。
②She
sprung
a
piece
of
bad
news
on
me.
她告诉我了一则坏消息。
③Folk
songs
are
springing
up
all
over
the
country.
民谣突然在全国兴起了。
④The
idea
for
the
novel
sprang
from
a
trip
to
India.
写这部小说的想法源于一次去印度的旅行。
(教材P30)From
the
early
1930s
to
the
early
1950s，traditional
jazz
went
into
a
gradual
decline，and
was
replaced
by
a
new
musical
trend
known
as
rhythm
and
blues，or
R
&
B.
从二十世纪三十年代早期到二十世纪五十年代早期，传统爵士乐逐步衰退，由一种新的被称作强烈节奏蓝调或节奏怨曲的音乐潮流所替代。
(1)decline
n．衰落，衰败；减少，下降
vt.&
vi.衰落；下降；婉言谢绝
(1)on
the
decline(＝in
decline)
在衰退中，走下坡路fall
into(a)
decline
衰落(2)decline
to
do
sth.
拒绝做某事
①Towns
that
were
not
connected
by
railway
often
fell
into
a
decline.
没有被铁路连接的城镇，通常都会走向衰退。
②The
latest
communication
from
the
market
shows
the
sales
of
their
company
is
in
decline/on
the
decline.最新的市场信息表明他们公司的销量正在下滑。
③The
star
declined
to_discuss
(discuss)
his
plans
with
the
newspaper
reporters.
这位影星谢绝与新闻记者讨论他的计划。
[名师点津]
on
the
decline的反义词组为on
the
increase，意思是“正在增长，不断增长”。
(2)trend
n．趋势，动向，倾向
a
trend
towards...
……方面的趋势/动向/潮流/风气start/set
a
new
trend
of
开创……的新潮流/风气
④But
recently，we
have
seen
a
gradual
trend
towards
healthier
food.
但是近来我们注意到，人们逐渐倾向于更健康的饮食。
⑤The
film
Rambo
started/set
a
new
trend
of
violent
action
movies.
电影《第一滴血》开创了暴力动作影片的新潮流。
seek
(sought，sought)
vt.&
vi.试图，设法；寻找，寻求
(教材P31)In
the
early
1950s，a
record
company
owner
from
Memphis，Tennessee，Sam
Philips，sought
to
bring
rock
music
to
white
audiences.
在二十世纪五十年代早期，田纳西州孟菲斯的音乐制作人萨姆·菲利普斯试图把摇滚乐介绍给白人观众。
seek
(for/after)
寻求seek
sth.from
sb.
向某人寻求某物seek
one's
fortune
外出寻找发财机会；外出闯荡seek
one's
advice/help/assistance
征求某人的建议/寻求帮助seek
to
do
sth.
设法/试图做某事seek
out
搜寻出；找出；挑出；努力寻找；物色seek
for
找寻；寻求
①Many
young
people
went
to
seek
their
fortune
abroad.
许多年轻人去国外寻找发财的机会。
②He
determined
to
seek
for
a
building
more
suited
to
their
needs.
他决心找一座更能满足他们需要的房子。
③She
managed
to
calm
him
down
and
seek
help
from
a
neighbour.
她设法使他平静下来，然后向一位邻居求助。
④I
sought
to_change
(change)
her
mind.
我试图改变她的心意。
prejudice
n．偏见，成见；偏爱，偏袒
(教材P31)Because
of
the
prejudice
and
racial
discrimination
of
the
time，he
knew
that
he
had
to
use
white
singers
or
the
records
might
not
get
played
on
the
radio.
因为当时的偏见和种族歧视，他知道他得用白人歌手，否则，唱片将不会由无线电播放。
(1)have
(a)
prejudice
against
对……有偏见(2)prejudice
vt.
使抱偏见；使存成见；使怀有
(或形成)偏见prejudice
sb.against
使……对……产生
偏见(3)prejudiced
adj.
有偏见的；带成见的；偏心的be
prejudiced
against
对……有偏见
①She
has
a
prejudice
against
modern
music.
她对现代音乐怀有偏见。
②One
unfortunate
experience
prejudiced
him
against
all
lawyers.
一次不幸的经历使他对所有律师产生了偏见。
③You
shouldn't
be
prejudiced
against
women
drivers.
你不应该对女驾驶员有偏见。
④You
know
that
I
am
not
a
prejudiced(prejudice)
man.
你知道我不是怀有偏见的人。
break
up破裂，解散；破碎
(教材P31)However，even
though
the
Beatles
broke
up
in
1970，no
group
since
has
ever
come
close
to
being
as
popular
or
selling
as
many
records.
但是，尽管披头士在1970年就解散了，从那以后没有一个乐队能够望其项背，如此受欢迎，并销售出如此多的唱片。
写出下列句子中break
up的含义
①The
meeting
didn't
break
up
until
deep
at
night.结束
②Did
you
know
that
she
broke
up
with
her
boyfriend？分手
③The
police
came
running
and
broke
up
the
crowd.驱散
④Do
you
know
when
does
the
school
break
up
for
the
summer
holidays？放假
break
down
出故障，坏掉；垮掉break
in
破门而入；打断(谈话等)break
into
强行闯入；突然……起来break
out
(战争、火灾等)爆发break
away
from
脱离；逃离
⑤See，your
computer
has
broken
down
again!
看，你的电脑又坏了！
⑥I
was
encouraged
to
break
away
from
old
forms
and
rules.大家鼓励我破除旧形式和旧框框。
(教材P30)While_the_blues_was_popular，as
a
musical
format
it
lacked
variety
and
was
too
sad
and
slow
to
dance
to.尽管蓝调音乐非常受欢迎，但作为一种音乐形式，它缺少变化，而且太伤感、节奏太慢，不适合跳舞时伴奏。
【要点提炼】
While
the
blues
was
popular是让步状语从句。
(1)while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，
表示“虽然”，常用于句首。(2)while的其他用法：while可作并列连词，表示对比关系，意为“而，然而”；while可引导时间状语，表示“在……的时候/过程中”；while可引导条件状语从句，表示“只要”，相当于as
long
as。
①He
was
lonely
while
his
father
was
away
on
business.
当父亲外出做生意时，他感到孤单寂寞。
②While
you
have
finished
your
work，you
can
go
now.
只要你完成了工作，你就可以走了。
③She
likes
collecting
stamps
while
I
like
playing
basketball.她喜欢集邮而我喜欢打篮球。
(教材P31)Wherever_the_Beatles_went，there
was
a
phenomenon
called
“Beatlemania”—thousands
of
fans
would
surround
them，screaming
and
going
crazy
trying
to
see
them.
不管“披头士”乐队去哪里，都会出现一种“披头士狂热”现象——成千上万的歌迷围住他们，尖叫着，疯狂地想见他们一面。
【要点提炼】
wherever
the
Beatles
went是让步状语从句。
(1)whatever等词是由连接词what＋ever构成的合成词。相关的词还有whoever，whomever，whichever，whenever，wherever，however等。它们都有一个共同的用法，相当于no
matter＋疑问词，意为“无论……，不管……”，如whatever＝no
matter
what，whoever＝no
matter
who，however＝no
matter
how
等，它们都可引导让步状语从句。①however
后必须接adj./adv.，引导让步状语从句，其语序为however＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语。②whichever后通常接n.，引导让步状语从句。(2)whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever
除了引导让步状语从句外，还可以引导名词性从句。
①Whenever
(＝No
matter
when)
you
come，you
will
be
warmly
welcomed.
无论什么时候来，你都会受到热烈欢迎。
②You
can
turn
to
the
people's
police
for
help，no
matter
what/whatever
kind
of
trouble
you
are
in.
无论遇到什么困难，你都可以求助于人民警察。
③It's
wrong
to
give
children
whatever
they
want.
孩子要什么就给什么是错误的。
④Wherever
he
works，he
will
be
happy.
无论在哪儿工作，他都会愉快的。
(教材P31)In
1965，the
Beatles
held
a
concert
at
Shea
Stadium
in
New
York
that
was
attended
by
approximately
55,000
people.
【分析】 句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a_concert。
【翻译】 1965年，“披头士”乐队在纽约谢伊露天体育场举办了一场音乐会，大约有55
000人参加。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．People
tend
to_need
(need)
less
sleep
as
they
get
older.
2．More
and
more
companies
hope
to
cooperate
in
business.
It
is
a
fact
that
there
is
a
tendency(tend)
towards
regional
cooperation.
3．Due
to
the
rising
price，there
has
been
a
decline
in
holiday
sales
over
the
past
five
years.
4．As
a
teacher，we
shouldn't
have
prejudice
against
any
student
even
though
they
sometimes
make
mistakes.
5．I
offered
to
give
them
a
lift
but
they
declined(decline)．
6．Whenever
I
meet
her，the
girl
always
wears
a
smile.
7．How
can
we
seek
out
a
really
good
person
for
the
job?
8．They
ignored
the
baby's
screams(scream)．
9．Gradually
the
surrounding
(surround)
farmland
turned
into
a
residential
area.
10．I
think
it's
time
we
sought(seek)legal
advice.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。
Eating
too
much
sugar
can
lead_to_health_problems.
2．他好像已经决定放弃出国学习的机会了。
It_seems_that_he_has_decided_to_give_up
his
opportunity
to
study
abroad.
3．患癌症后，他的健康每况愈下。
After
he
had
suffered
from
cancer，his_health_was_on_the_decline.
4．无论你多么努力，如果不减少饮食，那么减肥是很难做到的。
However/No_matter_how_hard_you_try，it
is
difficult
to
lose
weight
without
cutting
down
the
amount
you
eat.
5．你需要寻求帮助，弄明白你为什么拿那些东西，以便你不会再继续这种行为。
You
need
to_seek_help_to_find_out
why
you
took
those
things
so
that
you
won't
continue
this
kind
of
behavior.Unit
2
The
universal
language
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.root
A．n.自由
( )2.format
B．n.起源，起因；根，根茎
( )3.liberty
C．n.衰落，衰败；下降；减少
vt.&vi.衰落；下降；婉言谢绝
( )4.decline
D．n.形式；格式；版式
( )5.trend
E．n.乐队；一伙人；带子；条纹
( )6.band
F．vi.尖叫，高声喊；呼啸
n．尖叫，
尖锐刺耳的声音
( )7.seek
G．vt.&vi.试图，设法；寻求，寻找
( )8.scream
H．n.趋势，动向
[答案] 1－5 BDACH 6－8 EGF
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
A．伴随……而跳舞
B．破裂；破碎C．突然兴起，迅速出现
D．导致E．结果是
F．带回
( )1.Mike
was
in
a
bad
mood，for
he
broke
up
with
his
girlfriend.
( )2.In
the
past
few
years，a
lot
of
tall
buildings
have
sprung
up
in
our
city.
( )3.She
always
dances
to
her
husband's
tune.
( )4.On
your
way
home
from
your
aunt's，will
you
bring
some
coffee
back?
( )5.In
given
conditions，a
bad
thing
can
lead
to
good
results.
( )6.He
said
he
was
a
doctor;
but
later
he
turned
out
to
be
a
cheat.
[答案] 1－6 BCAFDE
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P30－31教材课文，选择最佳答案
The
text
is
mainly
about
________.
A．what
was
the
most
popular
music
in
the
past
B．some
famous
Western
musicians
in
history
C．the
development
of
Western
pop
music
D．how
music
will
develop
in
the
future
[答案] C
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P30－31教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．Which
of
the
following
is
thought
of
as
a
form
of
African?American
music?
A．Jazz.
B．R
&
B.
C．Rock
and
roll.
D．Pop
music.
2．Who
recorded
the
song
“Shake，Rattle
and
Roll”？
A．Louis
Armstrong.
B．Big
Joe
Turner.
C．Sam
Philips.
D．The
Beatles.
3．Which
is
the
right
order
of
the
music
mentioned
in
the
text?
A．jazz→rock
and
roll→the
blues→pop
music
B．jazz→the
blues→rock
and
roll→pop
music
C．jazz→pop
music→the
blues→rock
and
roll
D．the
blues→jazz→rock
and
roll→pop
music
4．Which
of
the
following
statements
is
TRUE?
A．After
Big
Joe
Turner
released
the
first
rock
and
roll
song，he
became
very
famous
in
America.
B．Elvis
Presley
had
sixteen
number
one
songs.
C．The
Beatles
existed
for
more
than
20
years.
D．Sam
Philips
made
Elvis
Presley
famous
in
order
to
make
money.
[答案] 1－4 BBDD
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P30－31教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Today
I
will
take
a
brief
look
1.at
how
Western
pop
music
progressed
from
the
blues.During
the
late
part
of
the
19th
century，black
2.musicians
(musician)
used
the
folk
songs
of
black
Americans
3.to_create
(create)
a
kind
of
music
called
the
blues.Later
on，there
sprung
up
a
faster，livelier
kind
of
music
4.which/that
was
called
jazz.
From
the
early
1930s
to
the
early
1950s，5.traditional
(tradition)
jazz
went
into
a
gradual
decline，and
was
replaced
by
a
new
musical
trend
6.known
(know)
as
rhythm
and
blues，or
R&B.During
7.the
early
1950s，one
particular
style
of
R&B
became
popular—rock
and
roll.The
British
pop
group
known
as
the
Beatles
8.was
(be)
the
supreme
rock
and
roll
band
of
the
1960s.The
Beatles
brought
Western
pop
music
to
audiences
around
the
world.Even
9.though/if
the
Beatles
broke
up
in
1970，no
group
since
has
ever
come
close
to
being
as
popular
or
10.selling(sell)
as
many
records.Unit
2
The
universal
language
省略
语
境
自
主
领
悟
先观察原句
后自主感悟
1.In
the
story，a
girl
named
Zhu
Yingtai
is
stubborn
and
wants
to
go
to
school，but
can't
(go
to
school)
because
only
boys
are
admitted.If
he
says
he'll
come，he
will
(come)．2....but
the
performance
(that)
I
saw
was
the
first
time
Turandot
was
staged
inside
the
Forbidden
City.This
is
the
book
(which)
you
were
looking
for
yesterday.3.I
asked
him
to
see
the
film，but
he
didn't
want
to
(see
the
film)．However，although
he
would
like
to
(break
his
promise)，he
cannot
break
his
promise
and
must
allow
Turandot
to
do
as
she
wishes.4.Though
(he
is)
young，he
knows
a
lot.Once
(the
plan
is)
carried
out，the
plan
can't
be
changed.5.We
shall
start
at
eight，if
(it
is)
convenient.If
(it
is)
necessary，please
call
me
up.6.He
told
me
(that)
he
had
two
sons
and
that
they
both
had
gone
to
college.The
boy
said
(that)
you
were
too
young
to
understand
the
matter
and
that
he
was
asked
not
to
tell
you.
1.第1组例句属于承前省略。2.第2组例句为关系代词的省略。当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略。3.第3组为不定式的省略。有时可用不定式符号“to”来替代上文中出现的不定式。4.第4组例句为状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语指的是同一人或物，且由人称代词的主格担当，而从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以把从句的主语和be动词一起省略。5.第5组例句为状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语为it，谓语为is/was时，可以将it_is/was省略。6.第6组体现的是当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的由连词that连接的宾语从句时，只可省略第一个连词that的情况。
在英语中，有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密连接；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。
一、简单句中的省略
1．祈使句中的省略
(You)
Come
early
tomorrow.
(I)
Thank
you
for
your
help.
(You)
Open
the
door，please.
2．在口语中的省略
—How
is
your
mother
today?
—(She's)
Much
better.
(Is
there)
Anything
else?
3．在感叹句中的省略
What
fine
weather
(it
is)!
What
beautiful
flowers
(they
are)!
How
wonderful
an
idea
(it
is)!
4．某些名词的省略
名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺、住宅、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时经常被省略。
I
met
him
at
the
doctor's
(office)．
我在诊所见到过他。
[即时演练1] 写出下列句子的省略部分
①(Are_there)
Any
questions?
②What
a
hot
day
(it_is)!
③—Are
you
tired?
—Yes，I
am
(tired)．
二、并列句中的省略
1．后面的分句中与前面相同的部分常被省略，这种现象又称为承前省略。
She
was
poor
but
(she
was)
honest.
她贫穷但是诚实。
Bob
has
done
his
homework，but
Tom
hasn't
(done
his
homework)．
鲍勃做了他的家庭作业，可是汤姆却没有。
2．有时并列句中的省略部分出现在前面的分句中，看完最后一个分句才能掌握全句的完整意义。
Bob
works，and
Peter
lives
in
London.
鲍勃(在伦敦)工作，彼得住在伦敦。
[即时演练2] 合并句子
①My
shirt
is
white.His
shirt
is
blue.
→My
shirt
is
white
and_his_blue.
②Tom
turned
on
the
radio.Tom
listened
to
English.
→Tom
turned
on
the
radio
and_listened_to_English.
三、主从复合句中的省略
1．宾语从句中的省略
在宾语从句中，连词that常省略，但当有多个并列宾语从句时，只能省略第一个that。
I
know
(that)
she
is
a
teacher
and
that
she
is
an
excellent
writer.
我知道她是一个老师，也是一个优秀的作家。
2．状语从句中的省略
在一些状语从句中，如果谓语动词含有be，从句的主语又和主句的主语一致，或者从句的主语是it，常常可以把从句中的主语和be一起省略掉。这种省略现象通常出现在以when，while，as，until，once，whether，if，unless，though，even
if，where等连词连接的时间、条件、让步、地点等状语从句中。
He
fell
in
love
with
the
girl
while
(he
was)
on
a
visit
to
New
York.
他是在游览纽约时爱上那位姑娘的。
He
will
not
go
to
the
party
even
if
(he
is)
invited.
即使受到邀请，他也不去参加晚会。
[即时演练3] 句型转换
①When
you
are
listening
to
your
teacher，you
must
be
careful.
→When
listening_to
your
teacher，you
must
be
careful.
②You
shouldn't
come
to
his
party
unless
you
are
invited.
→You
shouldn't
come
to
his
party
unless
invited.
3．定语从句中的省略
若引导限制性定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语，该关系代词一般可省略。
The
car(which/that)
his
father
gave
him
as
a
birthday
present
was
stolen.
他父亲送给他的作为生日礼物的那辆汽车被盗了。
[即时演练4] 句型转换
I
bought
two
books
in
the
bookstore
and
they
are
very
interesting.
→The
two
books
I_bought
in
the
bookstore
are
very
interesting.
四、不定式的省略
1．并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。
The
book
is
intended
to
be
read
and
not
(to)
be
torn.
这本书是供人阅读的而不是供人撕毁的。
The
purpose
of
new
technologies
is
to
make
life
easier，not
to
make
it
more
difficult.
新技术的目的是要让生活更轻松自在，而不是让生活更困难。
2．某些使役动词，如make，let，have等和感官动词，如see，watch，notice，observe等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不能省略。
My
mother
wouldn't
let
me
go
to
see
the
film.
我妈妈不会让我去看那部电影的。
He
was
noticed
to
leave
the
office.
有人注意到他离开了办公室。
3．不定式to后面的内容也可承前省略。但倘若承前省略的不定式含有作助动词用的have，be的任何形式，to后要保留原形have和be。
After
he
came
back
from
the
war，he
was
a
mere
shadow
of
the
man
he
used
to
be.
从战场返回后，他就衰弱得不成样子了。
—Have
you
told
Ann
about
her
failure
in
the
test?
—Yes，but
I
oughtn't
to
have
(told
her
about
it)．
——你告诉安关于她考试不及格的事情了吗？
——是的。但是我本来不该告诉她。
4．介词but，except(除了)前有实义动词do的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带to。
He
could
do
nothing
but
give
in
to
the
robber.
他什么也不能做只能屈服于劫匪了。
[即时演练5] 完成句子
①He
will
go
to
Beijing
tomorrow
if
he
is_allowed_to(被允许)．
②—Did
you
buy
milk?
—No，I_meant_to(我本打算买的)，but
the
shop
was
shut.
③The
workers
were
made_to_overwork
(被迫加班)．
④We
have
nothing
to
do
now
but_wait
(除了等)．
⑤I'm
really
puzzled
how_to_think_and_say
(怎么想，怎么说).
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．In
the
car
accident
the
child
was
hurt，but
the
mother
killed(kill)．
2．—What
do
you
think
made
Mary
so
upset?
—Losing
(lose)
her
bicycle.
3．The
results
of
the
medical
check?up
suggested
that
my
father
was
in
poor
health，so
the
doctor
suggested
that
he
(should)_give
(give)
up
smoking
and
take
more
exercise.
4．—Why
didn't
you
come
to
my
birthday
party
yesterday
evening?
You
promised
to
come!
—I
would
have，but
I
had
to
look
after
my
sister.
5．We
will
have
a
meeting
next
week，but
we
don't
know
where.
6．—Would
you
like
to
go
with
us?
—Yes，I'd
like
to.
7．—Have
you
got
any
particular
plans
for
the
coming
winter
vacation?
—Yes.If
possible，I'm
going
to
visit
my
grandparents.
8．Video
games
can
be
a
poor
influence
if
left
(leave)
in
the
wrong
hands.
9．Had
it
not
been
for
our
teachers，we'd
never
have
been
able
to
enter
this
university.
10．Girls
used
to
take
fewer
advanced
math
courses
than
boys
but
now
they
are
taking
just
as
many.
Ⅱ.使用恰当的省略结构完成下列句子
1．—It
is
said
that
you
are
still
a
leading
chef
in
that
five?star
hotel.Is
that
true?
—No，but
I_used_to_be
(我以前是)．
2．Students
are
not
allowed
to
enter
the
principal's
office
unless
required_
to/asked_to
(被要求)
have
a
talk
with
him.
3．While
staring_at
(盯着……看)
the
colourful
goldfish
in
the
pond，he
almost
lost
himself
in
the
situation
and
everything
around
him
even
became
silent.
4．If
you'd
like
me
to
help
you，I'd_be_only_too_glad_to(我非常愿意)．
5．—He
wasn't
punished
for
his
severe
mistakes
in
the
exam.
—Yes，but
he_should_have_been
(他本应该被惩罚的)．Unit
2
The
universal
language
音乐，是人们生活中不可缺少的一部分。什么是音乐？你喜欢什么样的音乐？
What
is
music?
Suppose
you
hit
a
wooden
table
with
your
hand.It
makes
a
sound.Now
suppose
you
hit
a
ball.It
makes
a
sound.The
second
sound
is
called
a
tone.A
tone
is
a
single
musical
sound.Music
is
the
art
of
organizing
tones
into
meaningful
patterns
of
sound.We
might
call
it
the
language
of
tones.Sometimes
the
language
of
music
speaks
to
us
in
tones
sounding
after
one
another
in
melody.Or
the
tones
could
be
sounding
together
in
harmony.
When
tones
hit
with
one
another，it
is
not
in
harmony.But
this
hit
is
often
full
of
meaning.What
we
call
melody
is
given
meaning
by
its
rising
or
falling
or
moving
straight
ahead.It
is
also
given
meaning
by
its
rhythm
of
beats
and
phrasing，its
speed
and
how
loud
or
soft
it
is
at
any
moment.All
of
this
sounds
very
technical.But
it
doesn't
have
to
be
understood
or
thought
about
for
us
to
enjoy
music.What
music
means
to
us
often
can
not
be
put
into
words.We
can
feel
that
the
music
expresses
joy
or
sorrow，pleasure，tenderness，love，anger—all
kinds
of
things
and
feelings
that
words
alone
could
never
do.
Music
can
also
be
enjoyed
just
for
its
beauty，and
not
for
what
it
is
saying.We
can
get
pleasure
from
even
a
single
tone
of
voice，violin，horn，or
some
other
instruments.We
may
love
a
beautiful
melody
for
many
years
of
our
lives
and
always
enjoy
hearing
it.
There
are，of
course，many
forms
of
music，from
the
anthem
to
the
symphony，and
many
types
of
music，from
folk
music
to
opera.
[阅读障碍词]
1．tone
n．
乐音
2．melody
n.
旋律
3．harmony
n.
协调
4．tenderness
n.
柔情
5．anthem
n.
赞美诗
[诱思导读]
阅读文章，回答下面的问题
1．Do
you
like
music?
What
kind
of
music
do
you
like
most?
Yes，I_like_it_very_much.I_like_soft_(pop，rock_and_roll，etc.)_music_most.
2．According
to
the
above
passage，what
kinds
of
expressions
can
we
feel
from
the
music?
We_can_feel_that_the_music_expresses_joy_or_sorrow，pleasure，tenderness，love，anger—all_kinds_of_things_and_feelings_that_words_alone_could_never_do.
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.awesome
A．vt.&
vi.选派角色；投射(光、影)；向……
投以(视线，笑容)
( )2.cast
B．adj.极好的；令人惊叹的，令人敬畏的
( )3.condemn
C．adj.固执的，顽固的
( )4.stubborn
D．vt.判刑，宣判；指责，谴责
( )5.unwilling
E．vt.&
vi.&
aux.敢于，胆敢
( )6.evident
F．adj.令人不安的；引起恐慌的
( )7.demand
G．vt.逮捕，捉拿；抓住，捉住；夺
取，攻占
( )8.seize
H．vt.强烈要求；需要
n．要求；需求
( )9.disturbing
I．adj.清楚的，显然的
( )10.dare
J．adj.不情愿，不愿意；勉强的，无奈的
[答案] 1－5 BADCJ 6－10 IHGFE
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
A．乍一看
B．相爱，坠入爱河C．被处以某种刑罚
D．食言，违背诺言E．不愿意
F．依靠，依赖
( )1.The
murderer
was
arrested
a
week
later
and
condemned
to
death
afterwards.
( )2.At
first
sight，I
thought
the
exercise
was
familiar，but
after
a
careful
look，I
found
it
was
different.
( )3.The
two
young
people
fell
in
love
with
each
other
and
got
married
two
years
later.
( )4.If
you
are
unwilling
to
help
people
in
need，neither
will
they
help
you
when
you
are
in
trouble.
( )5.You
may
depend
on
it
that
he
will
join
our
club.
( )6.You
broke
your
promise
to
give
up
smoking.
[答案] 1－6 CABEFD
Turandot
in
Beijing
by
Jane
Jones
Last
night，I
witnessed
the
first
of
only
eight
performances
of
Giacomo
Puccini's
world?famous
opera，Turandot，being
performed①in
the
Forbidden
City
in
Beijing，China.The
performance
was
splendid.Some
of
the
world's
greatest
opera
singers
were
cast(选派角色)
in
this
production，and
many
great
Chinese
musicians
also
participated.Puccini，an
Italian，wrote
Turandot
towards
the
end
of
his
life，between
1920
and
1924.He
liked
East
Asia
very
much
and
also
wrote
Madam
Butterfly(《蝴蝶夫人》)，which
is
set
in
Japan②.
《图兰朵》在北京
简·琼斯
昨天晚上，我目睹了贾科莫·普契尼闻名世界的歌剧《图兰朵》在中国北京紫禁城的首场演出，该歌剧在这里只演八场。演出异彩纷呈。几位世界级歌剧演唱家在演出中担任主演，而且许多杰出的中国音乐家也参与进来。普契尼是意大利人，1920年至1924年期间，在他的生命快要走向终点之际，创作了《图兰朵》。普契尼非常喜欢东亚，还创作了以日本为背景的《蝴蝶夫人》。
[助读讲解] ①现在分词的被动式作定语，表示现阶段正在进行的动作。②which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Madam
Butterfly。
Just
imagine
performing
such
an
opera
in
the
Forbidden
City—there
could
not
be
a
more
awesome③
setting！You
could
almost
feel
the
history.The
weather
was
also
perfect
for
a
performance
outdoors.Instead
of
a
stage
curtain，there
were
decorated
screens
covered
with
red
and
gold④，and
traditional
Chinese
drums
were
used
to
announce
the
start
of
the
opera.
想象一下在紫禁城上演这样一出歌剧吧——再也不可能有比这更令人叹为观止的场景了！你几乎可以感受到历史。天气对于户外演出来说也是绝佳的。覆盖着红色和金色的经过装饰的屏风代替了舞台帷幕，传统的中国鼓被用来宣告歌剧的开场。
[助读讲解] ③not...a
more...否定词与比较级连用，表达最高级意义。④过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰screens。
Turandot
is
the
story
of
a
stubborn(固执的)
and
cruel
Chinese
princess(公主)，named
Turandot⑤，who
lives
in
the
Forbidden
City
in
Beijing⑥.In
the
story，the
emperor
of
China，Turandot's
father，has
promised
to
allow
her
to
choose
her
own
husband.In
order
to
avoid
marriage，she
says
that
any
potential
husband
must
solve
three
riddles
if
he
wants
to
marry
her⑦.Those
who
cannot
answer
all
three
riddles，however，will
be
condemned
to(被宣告)
death.This
means
that
few
men
would
dare(敢于)
to
ask
for
her
hand
in
marriage.The
story
begins
when
a
prince(王子)
is
killed
for
failing
to
solve
her
riddles.The
emperor
finds
the
death
disturbing(令人不安的)．However，although
he
would
like
to，he
cannot
break
his
promise
and
must
allow
Turandot
to
do
as
she
wishes⑧.
《图兰朵》讲述的是一位顽固、冷酷的中国公主图兰朵的故事，她住在北京紫禁城里。故事中，中国的皇帝，即图兰朵的父亲，允诺女儿由她自己选择丈夫。为了逃避婚姻，她说任何想成为她丈夫的人要娶她必须猜中三道谜语。但是猜不出全部三道谜语的人将被处以死刑。这意味着几乎没人胆敢向她求婚。故事开始时，一位王子因为猜不中图兰朵的谜语被处死。皇上对这种杀戮焦虑不安。但是，虽然他很想收回这一允诺，但又不能食言，只能让图兰朵按照自己的意愿行事。
[助读讲解] ⑤过去分词短语作定语，修饰princess。⑥who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词princess。⑦that引导宾语从句，if引导条件状语从句。⑧although引导让步状语从句，as引导方式状语从句。
Shortly
afterwards，another
prince，Calaf，falls
in
love(相爱)
with
Turandot
at
first
sight(初次见面；乍一看)
and
decides
to
solve
the
riddles
so
that
he
can
marry
her⑨.Meanwhile，Liu，a
young
slave
of
Calaf's
father，expresses
her
love
for
Calaf.The
story
then
takes
on
a
classic
love
triangle
between
Calaf，Turandot
and
Liu.
Calaf
goes
to
Turandot
and—without
introducing
himself
or
telling
her
his
name—answers
the
three
questions.
之后不久，另一位王子卡拉夫对图兰朵一见钟情，决心要解开谜底，以便能迎娶图兰朵。这时，卡拉夫父亲的一个年轻奴隶柳儿倾诉了她对卡拉夫的爱。故事随后演绎了发生在卡拉夫、图兰朵和柳儿之间的经典三角恋情。
卡拉夫来到图兰朵面前，回答出她的三个问题。他没有自我介绍，也没有告诉图兰朵自己的名字。
[助读讲解] ⑨so
that...引导目的状语从句。
Turandot
becomes
very
angry
at
this
turn
of
events，as
she
is
unwilling
to
get
married⑩.Seeing
this，Calaf
says
that
if
she
can
guess
his
name
by
sunrise，she
will
not
have
to
marry
him，but
can
have
him
killed?.Calaf's
father
and
Liu
have
been
seen
accompanying
Calaf，so
Turandot
seizes
(夺取，攻占)Calaf's
father
and
Liu，and
demands
that
they
tell
her
Calaf's
name
or
they
will
be
beaten?.Wanting
to
protect
the
father?，Liu
claims
that
she
alone
knows
the
name，but
resists
telling
Turandot.Then
Liu
grabs(夺取)
a
sword
from
a
guard
and
kills
herself.
对于事情的这一转折图兰朵非常恼火，因为她不愿意结婚。见此，卡拉夫说如果她能在太阳升起之前猜出他的名字，她不仅可以不嫁给他，还可以杀了他。有人曾看见卡拉夫的父亲和柳儿陪着卡拉夫，因此图兰朵把卡拉夫的父亲和柳儿抓了起来，命令他们说出卡拉夫的名字，否则就要拷打他们。想要保护卡拉夫的父亲，柳儿宣称只有她知道卡拉夫的名字，但她拒绝告诉图兰朵。然后柳儿从一名卫兵的手中夺过一把剑自刎。
[助读讲解] ⑩as引导原因状语从句。?Seeing
this为现在分词短语作状语，表示时间；that引导宾语从句，其中if
she
can
guess
his
name
by
sunrise为条件状语从句。?demand后跟that引导的宾语从句，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。?现在分词短语作原因状语，句子的主语和want
之间是主动关系。
When
it
becomes
evident
what
happened?，Calaf
scolds(责骂)
Turandot
for
not
being
more
merciful(仁慈的)．However，though
he
is
angry，he
still
loves
her.Calaf
kisses
Turandot.Turandot's
heart
grows
softer，but
is
still
quite
hard.She
demands
that
he
leave.Instead，he
tells
her
his
name—just
before
the
dawn(黎明)
deadline(最后期限)—and
says
that
she
can
kill
him
if
she
wishes?.At
the
end
of
the
story，the
prince
and
princess
unite(联合)
in
marriage，and
the
whole
city
celebrates
their
happiness.
当真相大白后，卡拉夫斥责图兰朵毫无慈悲之心。然而，尽管卡拉夫非常愤怒，他依然爱着图兰朵。卡拉夫亲吻了图兰朵。图兰朵的心变得软些了，但仍然相当冷酷。她强令卡拉夫离开。但是，卡拉夫告诉了图兰朵他的名字——就在黎明的期限来临之前——还说如果图兰朵愿意，她可以杀死他。在故事的结尾处，王子和公主喜结良缘，整座城市欢庆他们的幸福。
[助读讲解] ?when引导时间状语从句，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的what
happened。?that引导宾语从句，if
she
wishes为条件状语从句。
Unfortunately，Puccini
died
of
a
heart
attack
before
he
completed
this
final
scene?，and
it
had
to
be
completed
by
one
of
his
former
students，Franco
Alfano.An
opera
company
staged
the
opera
in
Beijing
in
the
1990s，but
the
performance
I
saw?
was
the
first
time
Turandot
was
staged
inside
the
Forbidden
City.The
production
combined
the
very
best
of
Western
and
Chinese
talents.The
music
was
conducted
by
Zubin
Mehta，a
superb
conductor，who
was
born
in
India?.The
opera
was
directed
by
Zhang
Yimou，a
well?known
Chinese
director.In
the
Beijing
performance
I
saw，Turandot
was
played
by
Sharon
Sweet
from
the
USA，Liu
was
played
by
another
opera
singer
from
the
USA，Barbara
Hendricks，and
Calaf
was
sung
by
Kristjan
Johannsson
from
Iceland.They
were
all
excellent.
不幸的是，普契尼还没有完成这最后一幕就因心脏病突发去世了，这一幕只好由他以前的一名学生佛朗哥·阿尔法诺来完成。在20世纪90年代，一家歌剧公司将这出歌剧搬上了北京的舞台，但我观看的这场演出是《图兰朵》第一次在紫禁城里上演。这次演出结合了中西方最优秀的人才。乐队由生于印度的杰出指挥家祖宾·梅塔指挥。歌剧由中国著名导演张艺谋执导。我观看的这场在北京的演出中，图兰朵由美国的莎伦·斯威特扮演，柳儿由美国另一名歌剧演唱家芭芭拉·亨德里克斯扮演，卡拉夫则是由来自冰岛的克里斯蒂安·约翰松扮演。他们都很出色。
[助读讲解] ?before引导时间状语从句。?I
saw为省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词performance。?a
superb
conductor为Zubin
Mehta的同位语；who
was
born
in
India为非限制性定语从句。
The
Forbidden
City
was
once
only
accessible
to?
the
emperor，his
family
and
senior
officials.However，in
this
wonderful
production，it
has
been
transformed
in
to?
the
spot
for
a
beautiful
and
sad
love
story.The
bringing
together
of
this
group
of
people
from
many
countries，the
music，and
the
grand(宏大的)
setting
are
clearly
the
key
components
of
this
amazing
production.
紫禁城曾经只允许皇帝、皇室人员和高级官员进入，但是，在这次精彩的演出中，它变成了一个美丽而令人心碎的爱情故事的发生地。来自许多国家的这群人的联袂演出、音乐以及恢宏的场景显然是这场令人惊叹的演出的重要因素。
[助读讲解] ?be
accessible
to
可利用的；可到达的；对……易接近的 ?transform...into...把……变成……
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P18－19教材课文，匹配段落大意
1．(Paragraphs
1－2)
A．Other
information
about
the
opera
2．(Paragraphs
3－7)
B．Background
information
3．(Paragraph
8)
C．The
plot
4．(Paragraph
9)
D．Evaluation
[答案] 1－4 BCDA
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P18－19教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．The
opera
of
Turandot
was
written
by________.
A．Jane
Jones
B．Giacomo
Puccini
C．Garfunkel
D．Mozart
2．The
performance
that
was
being
performed
in
the
Forbidden
City
in
Beijing
starred
by________.
A．the
Italian
opera
singers
B．Greek
actors
C．Austrian
musicians
D．some
of
the
world's
greatest
opera
singers
3．Where
was
Puccini
born?
A．In
Belgium.
B．In
Italy.
C．In
Greece.
D．In
Austria.
4．Why
does
Turandot
threaten
and
terrify
Liu?
A．Because
she
knows
Liu
also
loves
Calaf.
B．Because
Liu
is
against
her.
C．Because
Turandot
is
desperate
to
learn
Calaf's
name
and
Liu
knows
his
name.
D．Because
Liu
doesn't
know
Calaf's
name.
[答案] 1－4 BDBC
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P18－19教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The
world?famous
opera，Turandot，is
the
story
of
a
stubborn
and
cruel
Chinese
princess，1.named
(name)
Turandot.In
order
to
avoid
2.marriage(marry)，she
says
that
any
potential
husband
must
answer
all
three
riddles
correctly
or
die.A
handsome
prince，named
Calaf，says
that
he
will
solve
3.the
problem
and
marry
her.But
a
young
slave
of
his
father，Liu，expresses
her
love
for
him.Then
the
story
takes
on
a
classic
love
triangle
4.between
Calaf，Turandot
and
Liu.Calaf
goes
to
Turandot
without
introducing
himself.5.Although
Calaf
answers
Turandot's
questions
correctly，she
is
greatly
upset
by
this.6.Seeing(see)
this，Calaf
says
that
if
she
can
guess
his
name
by
sunrise，she
will
not
have
to
marry
him.In
order
to
learn
his
name，Turandot
7.seizes
(seize)
Liu，asking
for
the
name.8.Unfortunately
(unfortunate)，Liu
kills
9.herself
(she)．But
at
the
end
of
the
story，the
prince
and
Turandot
unite
in
marriage，and
the
whole
city
celebrates
their
10.happiness
(happy).Unit
2
The
universal
language
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．He
is
fond
of
listening
to
the
old
Spanish
folk
(民间的)
song.
2．Madonna's
song
topped
the
charts
(排行榜)
for
over
ten
weeks.
3．They
fought
for
their
motherland
(祖国)
shoulder
to
shoulder.
4．This
is
one
of
the
songs
from
her
latest
album
(音乐专辑)．
5．We
chorused
“Good
morning！”
when
the
teacher
came
in.
6．The
man
cleared
his
throat
and
continued
to
speak
aloud.
7．The
children
learn
singing，dancing，drawing，and
reading
in
the
kindergarten.
8．His
parents
employed
a
tutor
to
teach
him
Greek.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．Austria
n．奥地利→Austrian→adj.奥地利的
n．奥地利人
2．employ
v．雇佣→employment
n．职业→unemployment
n．失业
3．collect
v．收集→collection
n．作品集；收藏品；一批(人或物品)；取走
4．compose
v．作曲→composer
n．作曲者，作曲家
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．apply
for
申请
2．take
part
/participate
in
参加；参与
3．look
up
查找；向上看
4．leave
out
遗漏；省略；不考虑
5．put
up
张贴；举起；搭建；为……提供住宿
6．give
up
中止；停止；放弃
7．split
up
分手，分裂；断绝关系
8．try
out
for
sth.
参加……选拔赛
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．She
left_out
an
“m”
in
“accommodation”．
2．John
is
trying_out_for
the
school
play
for
a
second
time.
3．Can
you
look_up
the
opening
times
on
the
website?
4．She
would
sooner
resign
than
take_part/participate_in
such
dishonest
business
deals.
5．Don't
apply_for
that
job.You're
in
danger
of
overreaching
yourself.
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.What
instrument
do
you
think
I
should
learn？你认为我应该学习哪种乐器？
do
you
think作插入语。
What_kind_of_music_do_you_think
will
become
popular？你认为什么样的音乐将流行起来？
2.Using
ellipsis
is
an
efficient
way
to
make
sentences
concise.使用省略是一种使句子简洁的有效方法。
动名词短语作主语。
Their_coming_to_help
was
a
great
encouragement
to
us.
他们来帮忙对我们是极大的鼓励。
3.I
applied
for
the
job，and
they
sent
me
an
invitation
to
try
out
for
a
part
in
the
chorus.我申请了这份工作，他们随后给我发来试演合唱团角色的邀请。
动词不定式作后置定语。
Thank
you
for
your
kind
invitation
to_join_with_you_in
this
wonderful
Thanksgiving
celebration.谢谢你们盛情邀请我和你们一起参与这美好的感恩节庆典。
strike
n．罢工；打；击；敲
v．打；击；撞击；敲响；擦燃；罢工
(教材P22)Another
kind
is
called
percussion
instrument，such
as
the
drums
and
the
gong—this
kind
of
instrument
is
played
by
striking
with
the
hand
or
with
a
stick.
另一种被称作打击乐器，比如鼓和锣——这种乐器用手捶或用棍敲。
写出下列句中strike的词性和含义
①The
clock
strikes
the
hours，the
half
and
the
quarters.v.敲响
②He
struck
a
match
and
lit
his
cigarette.v.擦燃
③The
workers
went
on
strike
last
week
to
demand
job
security.n.罢工
go
on
strike
举行罢工、罢课be
on
strike
在罢工strike
for/against
为了/为反对……而罢工be
struck
by
被……咬/打动/迷住/给予深刻印象It
strikes
sb.that...
使某人忽然想起……
④It
struck
me
that
there
was
no
one
at
home.
我突然想起家中没有人。
⑤Most
of
the
nation's
workers
are
on
strike.
该国的大部分工人正在罢工。
⑥The
visitors
were
struck
by
the
beauty
of
the
West
Lake.
游客们被西湖的美景迷住了。
leave
out省略；遗漏；不考虑
(教材P24)In
some
special
styles
of
ellipsis，words
are
left
out
to
save
space
and
time.
在一些特殊的省略句中，为了节省时间和空间，有些单词可以省略。
leave
aside
不考虑；忽视leave...behind
留下；忘带leave
for
动身前往leave
off
停止
①I
wonder
why
they
left
aside
such
an
important
question.
我纳闷他们为什么不考虑如此重要的一个问题。
②I
think
I
might
have
left
my
wallet
behind.
我想我可能把我的钱包忘在哪儿了。
③No
wonder
you
couldn't
get
through.You've
left
out
a
zero
in
this
phone
number.
难怪你打不通。你在这个电话号码中漏掉了一个零。
④The
whole
family
will
leave
for_Beijing_next_month.
全家人都准备下个月前往北京。
opportunity
n．机遇，时机
(教材P25)It
was
a
real
opportunity
for
me
to
be
cast.
对于我来说，能在剧中扮演角色，真是千载难逢的机会。
have/get/grasp
the
opportunity
抓住机遇give/provide/offer
an
opportunity
给予或提供机会have/take
the
opportunity
of
doing
sth./to
do
sth.
趁机做某事
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)“Being
liked
creates
opportunities
for
learning
and
for
new
kinds
of
life
experiences
that
help
somebody
gain
an
advantage，”he
said.
他说：“讨人喜欢会给人的学习和新的生活体验创造机会，帮助人们获得优势。”
②We
took
the
opportunity
to
exchange
experience
with
them.
我们利用这个机会和他们交流了经验。
③Soon
he
had
an
opportunity
of
explaining(explain)
that
to
her.
不久他便有了向她解释那件事的机会。
④The
holiday
gave
us
the
opportunity
to_visit(visit)
Beijing.
这个假期是我们去北京的好机会。
unemployment
n．失业
(教材P25)Well，I'm
a
musical
performer，but
there
was
a
short
period
when
I
was
not
working，and
was
just
collecting
unemployment
benefits.
哦，我是一位音乐演员，但是有一小段时间我没有工作，只是在领取失业救济金。
(1)employ
vt.
雇用；运用employ
sb.to
do
sth.
雇用某人做某事employ
oneself
in＝be
employed
in
从事……；在做……；忙于……(2)employment
n.
就业employer
n.
雇主employee
n.
雇员
①A
postman
is
a
man
employed
to
deliver
letters
and
parcels.
邮差就是雇用来投递信件和包裹的人。
②She
employs
herself
in
reading
after
work.
工作之余，她忙于读书。
③John
has
been
out
of
employment(employ)
for
three
years.
约翰已失业3年了。
④He
is_employed(employ)
in
watering
the
garden
now.
现在他忙于浇花园。
put
up张贴；搭建；举起；为……提供食宿
(教材P25)One
day，I
saw
a
poster
put
up
by
the
production
company's
Personnel
Department，saying
they
were
looking
for
singers.一天，我看到一个制片公司人事部门张贴的海报，说他们正在寻找歌手。
put
up
with
忍受，容忍put
off
延期，推迟put
forward
提出，提议；推荐put
out
扑灭，熄灭；出版；生产put
down
放下；平息，镇压；记下put
aside
把……放在一边；忽视；储存
①My
father
wanted
me
to
have
some
money
put
aside
for
a
rainy
day.父亲要我省点钱以备急需。
②Plans
have
been
put
forward
to
pull
down
and
rebuild
the
area.
把这个地区的房屋推倒重建的计划已经提出了。
③It's
time
that
we
put
up
the
Christmas
decorations
in
the
living
room.
是时候在客厅张贴圣诞节装饰品了。
④My
childhood
experiences
have
helped
me
to
put
up
with
all
kinds
of
hardships.
儿时的经历帮助我忍受了各种各样的苦难。
(教材P25)I
applied
for
the
job，and
they
sent
me
an
invitation
to
try_out_for
a
part
in
the
chorus.
我申请了这份工作，他们随后给我发来试演合唱团角色的邀请。
(1)apply
vt.申请，请求；应用，运用
(1)apply
to
sb.for...
向某人申请……apply
oneself
to
(doing)．..
致力于(做)……apply
to
适用于/应用于apply...to...
把……运用/应用于……(2)applicant
n.
申请人，应征者application
n.
应用，施用；申请(书)
①This
rule
cannot
be
applied
to/apply
to
every
case，just
as
you
know.
这项规则不是所有情况都适用的，这一点你是知道的。
②When
applying
for
a
job，you
should
highlight
your
experience
and
skills.
当申请某项工作时，你应当突出表现你的经验和技能。
③Over
the
next
months，he
applied
himself
to
improving
the
technique.
以后几个月内，他致力于改进这项技术。
[语境助记]
Many
applicants
filled
in
the
application
and
expected
to
apply
for
the
well?paid
job.
许多申请者填写申请表想申请这份高薪工作。
(2)try
out
for
sth.参加……选拔赛
try
on
试穿try
out
试验，检验try
for
sth.
试图得到某物，争取某物
④Will
you
try
on
the
coat?
你试穿一下这外套好吗？
⑤The
drug
has
not
been
tried
out
on
humans
yet.
这种药尚未经过人体试验。
⑥These
teams
are
going
to
try
out
for
the
Olympic
Games.
这些队要参加奥林匹克运动会的选拔赛。
deserve
vt.值得，应受
(教材P27)This
man
deserves
his
status
as
one
of
the
most
popular
composers
in
Western
musical
history.
论地位这个人在西方音乐史上是最受欢迎的音乐家之一。
deserve
sth.
值得；应得deserve
to
do
sth.
(某人)
应该/值得做deserve
doing＝deserve
to
be
done
(某物)值得被做deserve
it
(口)活该；自作自受
①You
deserve
to
have
a
rest
after
all
that
hard
work.
辛苦劳累那么久，你该休息一下了。
②I
think
you're
playing
with
fire.You
deserve
it!
我认为你是在玩火，真是自作自受！
③The
proposal
he
put
forward
deserves
considering/to_be_
considered/consideration
(consider)．
他的建议值得考虑。
④You
deserve
to_be_sent(send)
to
prison
for
what
you
have
done.
按你的所作所为来讲，你应该被送进监狱。
[名师点津]
deserve后接v.?ing的主动形式表示被动含义。类似的词语还有：want，need，require，be
worth等。
split
up分手，分裂；断绝关系
(教材P27)Simon
and
Garfunkel
split
up
in
1970.
1970年，西蒙和加芬克尔分道扬镳了。
split
up
from/with
sb.
和某人断绝关系/分手；离开某人split
sb.up
使断绝关系，拆散；把……分成小组
①The
party
split
up
into
three
small
groups.
该党分裂成三个小派别。
②Her
parents
tried
their
best
to
split
them
up.
她的父母竭尽全力想拆散他们。
③She's
split
up
with/from
her
boyfriend.
她和男友分手了。
(教材P22)What_instrument_do_you_think
I
should
learn?
你认为我应该学习哪种乐器？
【要点提炼】
疑问词＋do
you
think＋其余部分(陈述语序)，其中do
you
think是插入语。
do
you
think在句中作插入语，有类似用法的动词还有believe，suppose，imagine，guess，suggest，expect等。常见的句型结构：(1)疑问词(作主语)＋插入语＋疑问句剩余部分(语序不变)(2)疑问词＋插入语＋句子其他部分(陈述语序)
①Who
do
you
guess
broke
the
window?
你猜是谁把窗户打破了？
②How
do
you
suppose
he
came
here?
你认为他是怎样到这儿的？
③When
do
you
expect
the
meeting
is
to
be
held?
你估计会议何时召开？
④Where
do
you
suggest
we
(should)_put(put)
these
things？你建议我们把这些物品放在什么地方呢？
[名师点津]
do
you
suggest作插入语时，其后的句子使用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We
encourage
students
to
participate
fully
in
the
running
of
the
college.
2．They're
putting
up
several
new
office
blocks
in
the
centre
of
town.
3．The
painting
comes
from
his
private
collection(collect)．
4．In
my
view，you
deserve
to_be_praised
(praise)
for
what
you
have
done
for
us.
5．I'd
like
to
take
this
opportunity
to_apply
(apply)
for
my
dream
job.
6．I
am
the
first
person
to_know
(know)
the
news
that
he
has
gone
abroad
for
further
study.
7．Everyone
has
a
desire
for
a
happy
life.
8．Unemployment(employment)
is
one
of
the
major
problems
of
modern
times;
a
number
of
graduates
can't
find
work.
9．What
does
he
think
is
the
key
to
a
successful
exploration
trip?
10．How
are
your
folks(folk)?
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．我想借此机会祝你旅途顺利。
I'd
like
to_take_the_opportunity_to_wish
you
a
good
trip.
2．你没有必要住在旅馆里，今晚我们可以为你提供住宿。
You
don't
have
to
stay
at
the
hotel;
we
can
put_you_up
for
the
night.
3．我们都同意这个男孩勇敢的行为值得最高的赞扬。
We
all
agree
that
the
young
boy's
brave
act
deserves_the_highest_praise.
4．你认为他为什么总是对我那么冷酷？
Why_do_you_think
he
is
always
so
cold
to
me?
5．大学毕业后，他申请了很多工作，但还没有找到合适的。
After
graduating
from
university，he_applied_for_many_jobs，but
he
has
not
found
one
which
suits
him
yet.Unit
2
The
universal
language
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．She
dared
(敢于)
not
breathe
a
word
of
it
to
anybody
at
that
time.
2．I
hope
we
can
finish
this
before
the
deadline
(最后期限)．
3．He
is
as
stubborn
(顽固的)
as
a
donkey，and
he
can't
change
his
mind.
4．Then
came
the
disturbing
(令人不安的)
news
that
the
newly
born
baby
was
seriously
ill.
5．The
performance
given
at
the
Golden
Hall
of
Vienna
yesterday
was
awesome
(令人惊叹的)
and
moving.
6．This
piece
of
string
is
too
short
to
pack
up
the
luggage，and
let
me
join
another
piece
on
to
it.
7．Spring
is
drawing
near
because
I
see
the
flowers
in
my
backyard
disclose
their
colors
with
a
butterfly
flying
on
them.
8．We
should
seize
any
opportunity
to
improve
our
oral
English
when
possible.
9．He
works
from
dawn
till
dark
without
having
a
rest.
10．He
demanded
that
John
(should)
go
there
at
once.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．universe
n．宇宙，世界→universal
adj.共同的，普遍的，全体的，全世界的
2．willing
adj.情愿的，愿意的→unwilling
adj.不情愿，不愿意；勉强的，无奈的→unwillingly
adv.不情愿地→unwillingness
n．不情愿
3．disturb
v．搅乱，弄乱；干扰→disturbing
adj.令人不安的；引起恐慌的→disturbed
adj.困扰的→disturbance
n．搅乱；弄乱；打扰；干扰
4．demand
vt.强烈要求；需要
n．要求；需求→demanding
adj.要求高的；苛求的
5．evident
adj.清楚的，显然的→evidently
adv.明显地，显然地→evidence
n．证据；证词
6．mercy
n．仁慈；宽恕；宽容→merciful
adj.仁慈的，慈悲的，宽大为怀的→mercifully
adv.仁慈地；宽恕地；宽容地
n.＋?al→adj.
v.＋?ing→adj.
agricultural
adj.农业的central
adj.中心的，中央的；主要的fundamental
adj.基本的，主要的
amazing
adj.令人惊异的boring
adj.乏味的，无聊的challenging
adj.具有挑战性的
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．be
condemned
to
sth./to
do
sth.
被处以某种刑罚/被迫使做某事；
被判罚做某事
2．ask
for
sb.'s
hand
in
marriage
(向女方)求婚
3．fall
in
love
相爱，坠入爱河
4．at
first
sight
初次见面；乍一看
5．take
on
呈现，体现；承担；接受；雇用
6．depend
on
依靠，依赖
7．break
one's
promise
食言，违背诺言
8．be
unwilling
to_do
sth.
不愿意做某事
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．At_first_sight，there
is
nothing
special
about
the
watch，but
in
fact
it
is
a
mobile
phone.
2．My
husband
tells
me
now
that
it
was
the
letter
I
wrote
to
him
10
years
ago
that
made
him
fall_in_love_with_me.
3．He
was
the
sort
of
person
you
could
depend_on.
4．The
company
has
just
taken_on
a
new
secretary.
5．He
was_condemned_to
be
shot
after
the
trial.
take
＋
prep.→动词短语
v.＋one's＋n.→动词短语
take
after
与……相像take
for
认为，以为；误认为take
to
开始；对……产生好感
keep
one's
word
守信用，遵守诺言lose
one's
breath
喘不过气来，呼吸困难lose
one's
balance
失去平衡；心慌意乱
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.Just
imagine
performing
such
an
opera
in
the
Forbidden
City—there
could
not
be
a
more
awesome
setting！想象一下，在紫禁城上演这样一出歌剧吧——再也不可能有比这更令人叹为观止的场景了！
“否定词＋比较级”结构，表达最高级含义。
As
a
consequence，he
says，there
could
not_be_better_time
to
go
into
advertising.
因此，他说，这是进入广告行业的绝佳时机。
2.However，although
he
would
like
to，he
cannot
break
his
promise
and
must
allow
Turandot
to
do
as
she
wishes.但是，虽然他很想收回这一允诺，但又不能食言，只能让图兰朵按照自己的意愿行事。
as“按照”，引导的方式状语从句。
When
in
Rome，do
as_the_Romans_do.
入乡随俗。
3.Unfortunately，Puccini
died
of
a
heart
attack
before
he
completed
this
final
scene...不幸的是，普契尼还没有完成这最后一幕就因心脏病突发去世了……
before引导的时间状语从句。
When
I
asked
him
about
this，he
began
to
answer
before_I_finished_the_question.当我问他这个问题时，他没等到我问完便开始回答了。
4.The
emperor
finds
the
death
disturbing.皇上对这种杀戮焦虑不安。
“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
When
he
came
to
himself，he
found_himself_surrounded
by
a
group
of
boys.
当他醒来时，他发现自己被一群男孩子围着。
cast
vt.&
vi.选派角色；投射(光、影)；向……投以(视线、笑容)
(教材P18)Some
of
the
world's
greatest
opera
singers
were
cast
in
this
production，and
many
great
Chinese
musicians
also
participated.
几位世界级歌剧演唱家在演出中担任主演，而且许多杰出的中国音乐家也参与进来。
cast
sb.as.../cast
sb.for
the
part
of...
选派某人演……角色cast
about/around
for...
苦苦思索；四处寻找cast
aside
抛弃；丢弃cast
away
漂流cast
down
沮丧；不愉快
①He
was
much
cast
down
when
he
heard
of
his
failure
at
the
examination.
他听到他考试不及格时，心情极为沮丧。
②If
you
were
cast
away
on
a
deserted
island，what
would
you
miss
most?
如果你漂流到荒岛上，你最想念的是什么？
③He
has
cast
her
as
an
ambition
lawyer
in
his
latest
movie.他已经选定她在他最新的影片中扮演一个雄心勃勃的律师。
④The
police
cast
about
for
fresh
evidence.
警方到处寻找新的证据。
condemn
vt.判刑，宣判；指责，谴责
(教材P18)Those
who
cannot
answer
all
three
riddles，however，will
be
condemned
to
death.
但是猜不出全部三道谜语的人将处以死刑。
condemn
sb./sth.as...
指责某人/某事为……condemn
sb.for
(doing)
sth.
因为(做了)某事而谴责某人condemn
sb.to
do
sth.
判罚某人做某事condemn
sb.to
sth.
判处某人某种刑罚be
condemned
to
do
sth.
被迫做某事
①We
condemned
him
for
his
bad
behavior，but
he
thought
nothing
of
it.
我们因为他行为不良而责备他，但他却不以为然。
②The
judge
condemned
the
criminal
to
death
for
a
case
of
murder.因一桩凶杀案法官判那名罪犯死刑。
③The
judge
condemned
the
drunk
driver
to_stay(stay)
in
prison
for
six
months.
法官判这个酒驾司机六个月拘役。
④The
law
has
been
condemned
as
an
attack
on
personal
liberty.
这项法律被指责为对人身自由的侵犯。
dare
vt.&
vi.&
aux.敢于，胆敢
(教材P18)This
means
that
few
men
would
dare
to
ask
for
her
hand
in
marriage.
这意味着几乎没人胆敢向她求婚。
dare
to
do
sth.
敢于做某事dare
sb.to
do
sth.
激某人做某事，谅某人无胆量做某事I
dare
say
我想；很可能；大概
①Don't
worry.I
dare
say
he
will
come.
不要担心。我想他会来的。
②We
know
that
he
won't
dare
(to)
break
his
promise.
我们知道他不敢食言。
③He
dared
me
to_jump(jump)
from
the
bridge
into
the
river.
他激我，说我不敢从桥上跳到河里去。
④I
didn't
know
whether
he
dared
(dare)
say
that
to
him.
我不知道他是否敢对他说那些。
[名师点津]
①dare用作实义动词时，在否定句或疑问句中，其后的不定式符号to可以省略。
②dare用作情态助动词时，其一般现在时没有词形变化，过去式为dared。
take
on穿上；承担；呈现(某种特征、外观等)；雇用
(教材P18)The
story
then
takes
on
a
classic
love
triangle
between
Calaf，Turandot
and
Liu.
故事随后演绎了发生在卡拉夫、图兰朵和柳儿之间的经典三角恋情。
写出下列句中take
on的含义
①The
criminal's
face
took
on
a
fierce
expression.呈现
②She
took
on
too
much
work
and
made
herself
ill.承担
③The
millionaire
will
take
on
another
babysitter.雇用
take
off 脱(衣服、鞋帽)；(飞机)起飞；(事业)起步，腾飞take
in
吸引；欺骗；包括；理解take
over
接收；接管take
up
占据；继续；拿起；从事take
down
拆除；取下；写下，记下
④I
heard
that
the
club
took
in
a
new
member
last
week.
我听说俱乐部上星期又招收了一名新会员。
⑤The
firm
has
been
taken
over
by
an
American
company.
这家公司已经被一家美国公司接管了。
⑥Don't
take
on/up
more
work
than
you
can
do.
不要从事超过你所能负荷的工作量。
unwilling
adj.不情愿，不愿意；勉强的，无奈的
(教材P19)Turandot
becomes
very
angry
at
this
turn
of
events，as
she
is
unwilling
to
get
married.
图兰朵对事态的变化很生气，因为她不愿意结婚。
be
unwilling
to
do
sth.
不愿意做某事be
willing
to
do
sth.
愿意做某事；乐意做某事
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)The
unwilling
parent
organizes
the
meal
schedule，sends
out
emails，and
collects
money
for
end?of?season
gifts.
这位不情愿的家长安排用餐时间，发送电子邮件并且为购买赛季末礼物而筹款。
②I'm
unwilling
to
sing
with
her，because
she
isn't
in
tune
with
me.我不愿意和她唱歌，因为她和我关系不融洽。
③We
are
willing
to_establish(establish)
business
relations
with
you.
我们愿与贵公司建立业务关系。
[名师点津]
常见un?前缀形容词还有：
①happy→unhappy不高兴的
②important→unimportant不重要的
③acceptable→unacceptable不可接受的
④attractive→unattractive无吸引力的
⑤available→unavailable得不到的
(教材P19)Calaf's
father
and
Liu
have
been
seen
accompanying
Calaf，so
Turandot
seizes
Calaf's
father
and
Liu，and
demands
that
they
tell
her
Calaf's
name
or
they
will
be
beaten.
有人曾看见卡拉夫的父亲和柳儿陪着卡拉夫，因此图兰朵把卡拉夫的父亲和柳儿抓了起来，命令他们说出卡拉夫的名字，否则就要拷打他们。
(1)seize
vt.逮捕，捉拿；抓住，捉住；夺取，攻占；理解，明白
写出下列句中seize的含义
①I
hope
that
everyone
can
enjoy
yourself
and
seize
this
opportunity
to
learn
something
useful
from
this
contest.抓住
②I
can't
quite
seize
your
meaning.理解，明白
③The
following
day
the
enemy
seized
the
Parliament
building.夺取，攻占
seize
the
chance/opportunity
of... 抓住……的机会
[图形助记]
(2)demand
vt.强烈要求；需要
n．要求；需求
(1)demand
sth.of
sb.
向某人要求某事demand
to
do
sth.
要求/需要做某事(2)meet/satisfy
one's
demand
满足……的需要；符合……的要求demand
for
sth.
对……的需求in
demand
需求
④There's
an
increased
demand
for
organic
produce
these
days.
目前市场对有机农产品有更大的需求。
⑤Soft
drinks
are
in
great
demand
in
this
season.
这个季节，软饮料需求量很大。
⑥The
manager
demanded
that
the
workers
(should)_work
(work)
extra
hours
to
complete
the
task
ahead
of
time.
经理要求工人加班，以提前完成任务。
⑦She
demanded
to_see
(see)
the
headmaster
to
learn
about
the
truth.
她请求见校长以了解真相。
[名师点津]
①demand后通常不接双宾语。
②demand后的名词性从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气“(should)＋动词原形”。
(教材P19)When
it
becomes
evident
what
happened，Calaf
scolds
Turandot
for
not
being
more
merciful.
当真相大白后，卡拉夫斥责图兰朵毫无慈悲心。
(1)evident
adj.清楚的，显然的
(1)It
is
evident
that...
很显然……(2)evidently
adv.
明显地，显而易见地(3)evidence
n.
证据，证明
①It
is
evident
that
practice
is
important
for
everybody.
显然，练习对每个人来讲都很重要。
②Yet
there
is
evidence
(evident)
suggesting
that
the
trend
is
growing.
但有证据表明，这种趋势正在增长。
(2)scold
vt.训斥，责骂
scold
sb.for
(doing)
sth.
斥责某人(做了)某事
③His
father
scolded
him
for
his
bad
behaviour
at
the
party.
他父亲因他在晚会上表现不好而训斥了他。
④Her
father
scolded
her
for
upsetting(upset)
her
mother.
她因惹母亲生气而被父亲斥责。
[名师点津]
表达“因……而责备/指责……”的其他短语：
①blame
sb./sth.(for
sth.)
②blame
sth.on
sb./sth.
③charge
sb.with
(doing)
sth.
④accuse
sb.of
(doing)
sth.
(教材P18)Just
imagine
performing
such
an
opera
in
the
Forbidden
City—there_could_not_be_a_more_awesome_setting!
想象一下在紫禁城上演这样一出歌剧吧——再也不可能有比这更令人叹为观止的场景了！
【要点提炼】
句中there
could
not
be
a
more
awesome
setting是用比较级形式表达最高级含义，属于“否定词＋比较级”结构。
(1)not，no，never等否定词与比较级连用，表示最高级含义，意为“再没有比……更……的了”。(2)比较级表达最高级含义的句型还有：①比较级＋than＋②never＋such/so＋形容词原级＋名词
①Frankly
speaking，there
is
not
a
better
plan.
坦白地说，再没有更好的计划了。
②Nothing
is
happier
than
having
a
cold
drink
in
a
hot
day.
没什么比在大热天喝杯凉爽的饮料更快乐的事了。
③John
is
cleverer
than
any
other
student
in
his
class.
＝John
is
cleverer
than
all
the
other
students
in
his
class.
＝John
is
cleverer
than
anyone
else
in
his
class.
＝John
is
cleverer
than
any
of
the
other
students
in
his
class.
＝John
is
cleverer
than
the
rest
of
students
in
his
class.
约翰比他班里其他同学都要聪明。
④I
have
never
heard
such
an
interesting
story/so
interesting
an
story.
我从来没有听过比这更有趣的故事。
(教材P18)The
emperor
finds_the_death_disturbing.
皇上对这种杀戮焦虑不安。
【要点提炼】
句中finds
the
death
disturbing属于“find＋宾语＋宾补”的结构。
find＋宾语＋宾补
①I
hope
to
find
you
in
better
spirits
when
we
meet
again.
希望我们再见面时你的情绪会更好。
②After
entering
the
business
world，the
author
found
his
father's
fishing
advice
inspiring.
进入商界后，笔者发现他父亲关于钓鱼的建议很有启发性。
③At
that
time，I
found
him
crying(cry)
in
the
street.
在那时，我发现他正在大街上哭。
④He
found
it
easy
to
earn
extra
money.
他发现赚点额外收入是容易的。
[名师点津]
此结构中，若宾语为不定式或从句，常用it作形式宾语，结构如下：
find＋it＋adj.＋
1．(教材P18)However，although
he
would
like
to，he
cannot
break
his
promise
and
must
allow
Turandot
to
do
as
she
wishes.
【分析】 句中although引导让步状语从句；第一个to后面省略了break
his
promise；as
she
wishes为方式状语从句。
【翻译】 但是，虽然他很想收回这一允诺，但又不能食言，只能让图兰朵按照自己的意愿行事。
2．(教材P19)Seeing
this，Calaf
says
that
if
she
can
guess
his
name
by
sunrise，she
will
not
have
to
marry
him，but
can
have
him
killed.
【分析】 句中Seeing_this为现在分词作时间状语；that引导宾语从句，其中if引导条件状语从句。
【翻译】 见此，卡拉夫说如果她能在太阳升起之前猜出他的名字，她不仅可以不嫁给他，还可以杀了他。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Jiuzhaigou
is
very
beautiful
and
I
fall
in
love
with
it.
2．Not
to_disturb(disturb)
others
in
the
reading
room，Jack
walked
in
on
tiptoes.
3．The
head
teacher
scolded(scold)
the
boy
for
what
he
had
done
in
the
class.
4．Just
go
to
the
shop，show
them
the
dress，and
demand
they
(should)_pay
(pay)
the
damage.
5．He
doesn't
dare
(to)_tell
(tell)
her
the
bad
news.
6．The
boy
was
so
tired
that
he
fell
asleep
before
his
mother
could
take
off
his
clothes.
7．His
occupation
condemned
him
to_spend(spend)
long
periods
of
time
away
from
his
family.
8．In
the
film
she
was
cast
as
a
hardworking
upright
middle?aged
woman.
9．At
first
sight，the
house
seems
old，but
in
fact
it's
quite
new.
10．Boris
has
brains.In
fact，I
believe
he
has
a
higher(high)
IQ
than
anyone
else
in
the
class.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．他要求将一切都告诉他。
He
demands
that
he(should)be_told_everything.
2．她不愿意承认自己错了。
She
is_unwilling_to_admit
that
she
was
wrong.
3．当她醒来时，发现自己正躺在医院里。
When
she
woke
up，she
found_herself_lying
in
hospital.
4．这消息最令我高兴。
There's
no_more_delightful
news
to
me.
5．任何要使历史倒退的企图都是注定要失败的。
Any
attempt
to
set
back
the
wheel
of
history
is_condemned_to_failure.
