中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(
高考说明文写作指导
)
(
知识
导图
)
(
要
点
精析
)
应用文是一种与日常生活、学习或工作密切相关,
实用性很强的文体,
包括书信(或电子邮件)、日记、通知、发言稿和读后感等,
每种类别的应用文都有各自的结构和行文特点。
（一）书信（电子邮件）
书信通常包括商务信函和私人信函,
从内容方面包括求职或求学的申请信、批评或投诉抱怨信、建议信、祝贺或感谢或慰问信等。书信是应用文中使用最广泛的文体。其中建议信和申请信考察最频繁。电子邮件与书信的格式差不多。
建议信
1、写作思路
第一段：开门见山地说明写信的意图，即信的开头要交代事由。
第二段：交代对信中所反映的主要问题的看法和建议，不同内容可分段。
第三段：表达美好祝愿，期待对方回信。
2、写作模板
Dear
,
Learning/Hearing
that____________,
I’m
now
writing
to
extend
a
helping
hand,
hoping
that
my
suggestions
may
be
of
great
benefit
to
you
to
some
extent.
Frankly
speaking,
there
is
no
denying
that
the
following
suggestions
carried
out,
things
would
probably
become
much
better.
First
and
foremost,
there
is
no
doubt
that
you
are
supposed
to___________________.
Additionally,
it
goes
without
saying
that
it
is
beneficial
for
you
to___________________.
Last
but
not
least,
needless
to
say,
if
I
were
you,
I
would___________________________________.
I
genuinely
hope
that
you
will
take
my
suggestions
into
consideration,
and
your
prompt
(迅速的)
attention
to
my
suggestions
would
be
highly
appreciated.
Best
wishes
to
you!
Yours
sincerely,
Signature
3、例题
假设你是明启中学的王磊，你校学生会即将组织一次徒步活动，并在校园网公布了如下方案，征求师生的意见。写一封邮件给活动组织者，内容须包括：
1.你认为方案中需要改进的地方及改进建议;
2.你的理由。
徒步活动方案
主题：发现上海
时间：5月1日(周日)下午3点
路线：从人民广场出发，途径南京路，抵达外滩(the
Bund)后原路返回
Hearing
the
news
that
our
Students
Union
will
organize
a
walking
program
and
has
put
the
drafted
plan
on
the
Internet,
I’m
writing
to
air
my
thoughts
about
it
as
follows.
To
begin
With,
from
my
point
of
view,
the
time
planned
is
not
appropriate.
As
is
known
to
all,
the
first
day
of
May
is
the
first
day
of
holiday
in
China
so
that
the
center
city
of
Shanghai
is
sure
to
be
crowded
on
that
day.
So
the
date
had
better
be
postponed
till
the
weekend
before
or
after
the
holiday,
thus
ensuring
that
we
students
have
a
good
taste
of
beauty
of
Shanghai.
Moreover,
I
hold
the
idea
that
the
route
should
be
revised.
Personally,
after
approaching
at
the
Bund,
it’s
not
a
desirable
option
to
go
back
according
to
the
originate
route.
Instead,
we
students
can
go
to
other
places
of
interest
to
go
back
to
school,
which
guarantees
a
golden
opportunity
of
witnessing
the
beauty
of
Shanghai.
In
a
nutshell,
all
the
above
thoughts
are
based
on
my
personal
perspective
and
there
may
still
leave
something
to
be
desired,
but
as
far
as
my
strong
wish
to
contribute
to
the
program
is
concerned,
I
would
be
much
obliged
if
you
could
take
my
suggestions
into
account.
申请信
1、写作思路
第一段：表明自己对某个工作或职位感兴趣，并提出申请。
第二段：介绍相关个人信息，主要包括你具备了什么样的素质来胜任这份工作和你为什么想得到这份工作。
第三段：提出要求，希望对方考虑你的申请。
2、写作模板
Dear
,
Learning/Hearing
from
......
that_______________,/Word
came
that........
And
I
am
writing
to
apply
for
the
position
of________________,
hoping
that____________.
There
are
three
main
reasons
accounting
for
why
I
am
fit
for
the
position.
First
and
foremost,......
Additionally,......
Last
but
not
least,......
I
would
appreciate
it
very
much
if
you
could
grant
me
this
opportunity.
If
chosen/elected,
I
would
devote
all
my
energy
and
wisdom
to
the
company/activity/club/
class
and
I
won't
let
you
down.
Thank
you
for
considering
my
application.
Looking
forward
to
your
reply
at
your
earliest
convenience.
Best
wishes
for
you!
Yours
sincerely,
Signature
3、例题
假如你是明启中学（
Ming
Qi
Middle
School）的李明，想申请一个扶贫项目，帮助贫困地区的儿童。根据以下启事，写一封申请信（信中不能提到真实姓名和学校）。
启事
国际儿童基金会将资助中学生开展扶贫项目，以帮助贫困地区的儿童。申请成功者将获得项目经费2000元。
有意者请来信告知：
1）
你个人的基本情况；
2）
你对申请项目的基本设想；
3）
项目经费的使用计划。
联系方式:
2011hope@icf.org
Dear
Sir
or
Madam,
Word
came
that
the
International
Children
Funds
Association
intended
to
aid
middle
school
students
financially
in
launching
programs
designed
to
help
children
in
poor
areas.
And
I
am
writing
to
you
to
apply
for
one,
hoping
that
the
fund
as
much
as
2000
yuan
can
realize
my
wish
to
help
these
children.
As
a
normal
student
of
MingQi
Middle
School,
I,
Li
Ming,
have
been
long
cherishing
a
dream
that
every
single
child
in
poverty
can
have
free
access
to
knowledge,
thus
devoting
themselves
to
society
to
make
it
more
harmonious
in
turn.
Consequently,
if
my
application
can
be
luckily
agreed
to,
I
will
spare
no
effort
to
build
a
library
for
those
children
as
my
program.
To
be
more
specific,
the
fund
will
be
divided
into
three
parts.
First
of
all,
800
yuan
of
it
will
be
spent
on
buying
books
which
may
be
mainly
second-hand,
in
order
to
ensure
the
quantity.
Also,
another
400
yuan
will
be
intended
to
carry
out
advertisements
that
call
on
the
people
with
a
sense
of
responsibility
in
society
to
donate
textbooks
and
so
forth.
What’s
more,
the
remaining
800
yuan,
according
to
my
design,
shall
be
given
to
those
children,
entitling
them
the
right
to
buy
their
favorite
books
that
are
beyond
what
is
mentioned
above.
As
you
can
see
from
what
is
talked
about
above,
my
plan
may
still
leave
something
to
be
desired,
but
as
far
as
my
strong
wish
to
help
those
children
is
concerned,
I
genuinely
hope
you
and
your
association
can
grant
me
the
opportunity
to
turn
it
into
reality.
Yours
sincerely,
LiMing
抱怨/投诉信
1、写作思路
第一段：表述抱怨内容，客观真实地表达对此事的感受。
第二段：阐述问题发生的经过，提出问题引起的后果。
第三段：提出批评及处理的意见或敦促对方采取措施。
2、写作模板
Dear
,
I’m
writing
to
complain
about________________.
描述所抱怨或投诉事件情况。
Informed
of
the
whole
story,
you
must
have
a
clear
idea________________.
.......
All
in
all,
I’m
writing
this
letter
not
only
for
the
sake
of
myself,
but
also
for
the
sake
of
my
fellow
citizens,
who
firmly
hope
that____________________.
I’m
looking
forward
to
your
early
reply.
3、例题
你昨天在超市购物时遭遇了一件不开心的事。写一封E-mail向超市经理投诉,
告诉他事情的经过,
并提出你希望的解决方案。(文中不得出现真实的校名或人名)
Dear
manager,
I’m
writing
to
complain
about
something
I
experienced
in
your
supermarket
yesterday.
I
was
about
to
leave
the
clothing
section
when
a
shop
assistant
walked
up
to
me
and
recommended
a
T-shirt
to
me.
Overwhelmed
by
her
words
of
praises,
I
took
the
T-shirt,
intending
to
try
it
on.
At
that
moment,
the
shop
assistant
assured
me
that
this
one
is
just
of
my
size
and
tried
every
means
to
persuade
me
to
go
straight
to
the
check-out.
I
did,
but
soon
I
found
the
T-shirt
doesn’t
actually
fit
me
well.
I
asked
for
help
at
the
service
desk,
only
to
be
told
that
T-shirt
of
this
style
was
not
available
in
a
smaller
size
and
that
customers
were
not
to
obtain
a
refund
for
clothes.
I
believe
I
was
suggested
that
I
give
up
my
legal
rights
and
take
responsibility
for
my
losses.
Informed
of
the
whole
story,
you
must
have
a
clear
idea
who
is
to
blame
for
this
unpleasant
shopping
experience.
What
the
shop
assistant
did
was
nothing
but
take
me
in
by
concealing
the
fact
that
there
was
no
T-shirts
of
my
size
in
stock.
I'm
a
regular
customer
of
your
supermarket
because
I
know
you
and
your
staff
apply
the
saying
“honesty
is
the
best
policy”
to
practice.
Therefore,
I
insist
that
the
shop
assistant
should
give
me
an
explanation
of
her
inappropriate
behavior
and
apologize
to
me
from
the
bottom
of
her
heart.
As
for
my
purchase,
whether
to
change
it
for
a
smaller
one
or
arrange
a
refund,
you
must
make
up
for
my
losses.
I’ll
still
believe
in
your
supermarket
if
my
complaint
can
be
dealt
with
properly.
I’m
looking
forward
to
your
early
reply.
Sincerely
yours,
Alice
（二）日记
1、写作思路与格式
日记分记事型、议论型、描写型。日记必须用第一人称进行叙述,
将一天所经历的主要事情和过程依次简要地记下来,
再发表感想或评论。记日记力求简单明了,
有连贯性。在格式上要求在日记的右上角写明日期和天气情况,
如：
Tuesday
October/Oct.
1st,
2015,
Cloudy
2、例题
老师要求你负责班级墙报（wall
newspaper）工作并征求你的意见。在日记中表述你的决定并谈谈你的想法。
Thursday,
March
11
I
was
so
glad
that
the
teacher
asked
me
to
make
some
plans
for
the
wall
newspaper
today.
And
the
suggestions
for
it
are
as
follows:
First
of
all,
there
should
be
some
information
on
the
world
issues.
Although
we
high
school
students
are
busy
with
our
study,
we
should
keep
an
eye
on
what
is
going
on
around
the
world,
which
will
broaden
our
horizon.
In
addition,
I
suggest
there
be
a
section
on
our
school
life.
For
example,
the
news
of
the
school
sports
meeting
and
the
good
methods
of
study
in
our
class.
Finally,
each
group
should
prepare
the
wall
newspaper
in
turns,
so
that
each
students
can
have
an
opportunity
to
display
his
or
her
talent.
In
a
word,
I
hope
the
wall
newspaper
will
be
popular
with
the
students
in
our
school.
（三）发言稿
1、写作思路与格式
发言稿是属于在正式场合下使用的口头文体,
包括演讲、报告、欢迎或欢送稿和宣讲倡议书等。发言稿可以是介绍性说明文,也可以是就某一主题提出论点和相关的论据：发言稿是直接面向听众的,
语言使用上一定要准确简洁、通俗易懂、层次清楚、条理分明;
语句不能太复杂,但是也不能是简单句的罗列,
可以适当穿插一些复合句,
适当使用关联词承前启后,
使文章前后连贯,
浑然一体。发言稿一般由开头语、正文和结束语三部分组成。开头和结尾一般都有固定的格式,
如：
Good
morning
/
afternoon
/
evening,
everyone
/
ladies
and
gentlemen,
It's
a
great
honor
for
me
to
stand
here
and
give
my
speech.
My
name
is...
The
topic
of
my
speech
is
...
...
Thank
you
for
your
listening.
2、例题
假如你将代表你校2016届毕业生在学校毕业典礼上发言,
请你用英语写一篇演讲稿(不得出现真实的人名和校名等相关信息),
演讲稿的内容必须包括：
回顾三年的学习生活
对老师表达感谢之情
Dear
teachers
and
my
fellow
schoolmates,
I
am
honored
to
have
the
privilege
to
speak
on
behalf
of
all
those
to
graduate
in
this
year
of
2016.
On
this
special
occasion
marking
the
end
of
our
high
school
life,
I
can’t
help
looking
back
on
the
memories
that
you
and
I
have
written
together.
In
the
past
three
years,
we
have
experienced
the
passion
of
youth
in
various
events.
We
once
stood
in
the
dazzling
sun
of
august
during
the
military
training,
shouting
out
the
loudest
slogans.
We
once
designed
the
craziest
rockets
during
the
Science
Festival.
We
once
sang
the
most
beautiful
songs
on
the
stage
of
the
Art
Festival.
Also,
we
have
experienced
challenges
and
obstacles
that
serve
to
make
us
stronger.
We
felt
lonely
when
we
first
experienced
dormitory
life.
We
felt
discouraged
when
we
first
got
a
low
test
score.
We
felt
depressed
when
we
had
a
quarrel
with
friends.
These
experiences,
sweet
or
bitter,
pushed
us
beyond
our
limits
and
into
maturity.
We
have
become
braver,
smarter
and
more
hopeful.
Yet,
we
should
never
have
made
it
this
far
without
the
great
efforts
of
our
teachers.
Let
us
all
thank
them
sincerely
for
their
devotion
and
dedication.
Let
us
all
reward
them
by
remembering
the
most
important
lesson
they
have
taught
us
—
how
to
be
a
better
person.
At
last,
I
believe
the
end
of
high
school
life
marks
the
fresh
beginning
of
a
brighter
future.
My
friends,
I
congratulate
you
on
graduating
from
our
beloved
school
with
all
the
fulfillments
and
I
am
fortunate
to
join
you
in
stepping
into
the
adult
world.
Thank
you
for
listening.
（四）读后感观后感
1、写作思路
读后感是就自己读过的一本书或一篇文章谈谈自己的感悟。观后感是就自己看过的一部电影或电视节目谈谈自己的感悟。
2、例题
就你读过的一本书,
写一篇读后感。具体要求如下：
写出书名及作者
简单介绍书中你感兴趣的人物、情节或思想(选一即可)
说明感兴趣的理由
As
the
saving
goes,
good
books
are
good
teachers.
The
books
we
read
exert
significant
influence
on
our
mental
growth
as
we
get
mature.
As
for
me,
what
impresses
me
most
is
The
Little
Prince
written
by
a
French
writer
Antoine
Saint-
Exupery.
Undoubtedly,
the
story
itself
about
the
prince’s
adventure
is
touching.
But
the
food
for
thought
between
lines
is
something
more
valuable.
Of
all
the
thoughts
that
the
writer
wanted
to
convey,
I
appreciate
this
one
most,
“The
most
important
things
are
invisible
to
eyes.”
I
was
deeply
touched
by
it
at
the
first
sight.
There
are
many
things
that
we
are
busy
pursuing：key
schools,
good
jobs,
money,
reputation
...
The
list
seems
to
be
endless
and
therefore
our
schedule
is
always
full
of
tasks.
However,
what
makes
our
life
meaningful
is
something
apart
from
those
visible.
Love,
friendship,
dreams
of
realizing
our
value
actually
make
up
the
essence
of
life
and
meanwhile
the
efforts
and
the
spirits
add
the
bright
and
shinning
colors
to
our
life.
“The
most
important
things
are
invisible
to
eyes.”
Bear
it
in
our
mind
and
let
it
guide
us
for
a
more
worthy
life.
(
课堂典例
)
Directions:
Write
an
English
composition
in
120-150
words
according
to
the
instructions
given
below
in
Chinese.
假设你是明启中学的学生王磊，你校计划引进一个机器人担任餐厅服务员或者图书馆管理员，并在英语贴吧征求学生意见，你很感兴趣，决定回帖响应，你所写的内容应包括:
1.
你认为机器人适合担任的一个岗位，二选一;
2.
通过比较，阐述你选择的理由，可以从工作效率，服务范围等方面进行表述。
Dear
headmaster,
So
appealing
is
your
plan
to
introduce
a
robot
to
our
school
that
I
decide
to
respond
to
your
asking
for
proposals.
From
my
perspective,
a
robot
is
more
suitable
for
the
position
of
librarian.
With
regard
to
the
range
of
service,
a
librarian
needs
not
only
to
classify
different
kinds
of
books,
put
and
find
them
in
the
right
order
on
the
right
shelf
but
also
keep
a
record
of
what
books
are
borrowed
and
returned,
while
being
a
waiter
in
a
restaurant
involves
serving
the
right
dishes
to
the
right
table,
doing
some
cleaning
and
communicating
with
the
diners.
A
robot
can
accomplish
three
or
four
librarians’
work
of
sorting
and
labeling
books
at
the
same
time,
whereas
it
is
pale
before
a
man
in
communicating
and
tackling
the
unexpected
(unpredictable)
occasions.
In
terms
of
working
efficiency,
a
robot
may
be
more
efficient
in
doing
the
programmed,
mechanical
and
repetitive
kind
of
work.
Therefore,
it
is
more
advisable
for
the
robot
to
undertake
the
duties
of
a
librarian
grouping
countless
books
repeatedly,
thus
considerably
improving
the
efficiency
of
a
human
librarian.
However,
when
it
comes
to
the
work
of
a
waiter,
who
needn’t
work
so
heavily
and
fast
as
a
librarian
but
do
need
react
flexibly
to
the
diners’
requirements,
a
robot
won’t
make
a
remarkable
difference
and
even
may
not
be
more
qualified
than
a
man.
In
a
nutshell,
it
is
the
mechanical
work
of
a
librarian
that
the
robot
is
more
competent
at.
Hope
that
my
advice
will
be
of
great
help
to
your
decision.
Wang
lei
Technology
is
transforming
the
world
and
robotics
is
refreshing
our
vision
for
work.
A
recent
BBS
post
revealed
that
our
school
had
been
planning
to
introduce
some
robots
and
sought
students’
opinions.
Some
students
thought
the
robots
could
act
as
canteen
servants
while
the
others
recommended
them
as
librarians
in
the
school
library.
In
my
opinion,
these
robots
should
be
employed
as
e-librarians.
From
the
perspective
of
efficiency,
the
introduction
of
robots
in
the
canteen
may
fail
to
make
full
use
of
them
in
that
the
provision
of
three
meals
a
day
is
a
highly
regulated
routine,
such
as
6:30
to
8:00
for
breakfast.
They
can
be
idled
away（闲置）
for
the
rest
of
the
time.
Contrarily,
the
robots
in
the
library
will
be
accessible
to
us
at
any
time
and
even
at
any
place
if
the
robot
functions
permit.
With
regard
to
services,
the
robot
functions
in
the
canteen
are
singular（单一的）,
no
more
than
delivering
meals
in
a
splendid,
automatic
and
quicker
manner,
which
will
conveniently
cut
labor
expenses,
the
very
aim
of
school
administration.
In
the
library,
these
e-librarians
will
provide
varied
and
favorable
facilitations,
including
instant,
automatic
and
accurate
inquiry,
exchange
and
delivery
of
books.
They
are
facilities
of
knowledge.
The
robots
in
the
canteen
will
eventually
evolve
into
an
eye-catching
show
of
mechanical
magnificence,
but
as
e-librarians,
their
potentials
are
fully
tapped（实现）.
In
this
sense,
this
application
essentially
explains
the
core
of
technology
advancement:
to
liberate
man
from
toil
and
serve
people
in
the
deeper
exploration
of
knowledge
in
a
more
efficient
and
convenient
way.
评析：文章开头的动词使用可谓准确而丰富，均为考纲中的基本词汇，却给人耳目一新的感觉，完全没有生搬硬套“模板”的痕迹，这是本文的“与众不同”之一。也是诸君在日常词汇积累中要借鉴的地方---单词跟着例句走，活学活用。
其实中间段落完全可以构成另一篇佳作的核心部分。但由于本文入题篇幅较长，其他部分也都相应拉长，但这两段举例和说理“长而不腻”，调理清晰，没有重复“赘肉”。诸君在这里既要学到内容上的“与众不同”，也要时刻自省，自己的作品在结构上是不是合理。
结尾是文章的又一亮点，作者指出：“人工智能和机器人的存在，是为了解放生产力，让人类能够有时间精力去探索新的知识。”主题的升华是本篇范文的另一“与众不同”。
从头到尾，一气呵成，词汇使用没有深奥难懂，但看得出作者是在认真、自信地发表自己的意见，融入了“王磊”的角色，站在学校管理层的角度来探讨问题，think
out
of
the
box。
(
实战演练
)
1
假设你是明启中学的学生王磊，你的好友李宏今年暑假将赴英国参加为期两个月的海外交流活动。如果选择主办方安排的住宿，他需要额外支付较高的费用。但他也可以通过为当地社区养老院提供每月三十小时的义工服务，获得在养老院免费住宿的机会，李宏通过邮件向你征求意见。写一封回信，内容须包括：
1、你对此事的明确态度；
2、你的理由。
Dear
LiHong,
Having
heard
that
you
will
participate
in
an
overseas
communication
activity
in
Britain
which
will
last
two
months,
I’m
now
writing
to
extend
a
helping
hand,
hoping
that
my
suggestions
that
you
should
choose
working
as
a
volunteer
thirty
hours
every
month
for
the
local
community
nursing
home
to
gain
an
opportunity
to
stay
in
it
for
free
may
be
beneficial
to
you
to
some
extent.
There
are
three
main
reasons
accounting
for
my
proposal.
First
and
foremost,
only
by
working
as
a
volunteer
can
you
attain
a
free
stay.
Apparently,
in
contrast
with
the
accommodation
arranged
by
the
host,
you
can
save
a
substantial
amount
of
money.
In
addition,
staying
at
a
community
nursing
home,
not
only
can
you
be
exposed
more
to
real
life
in
society
and
enhance
your
social
experiences,
thus
helping
you
to
get
more
mature,
but
your
arrival
will
add
colors
to
the
atmosphere
and
reduce
the
burdens
there
as
well.
Last
but
not
least,
there
is
no
denying
that
the
interaction
with
the
elderly
can
polish
up
your
socializing
skills
as
well
as
raise
your
awareness
to
cooperate
with
strangers,
which
will
contribute
to
your
comprehensive
and
coordinated
development.
As
an
old
saying
goes,
‘We
can
gain
both
things
at
the
same
time.’
So
why
not
choose
it?
I
genuinely
hope
that
you
will
take
my
suggestions
into
consideration.
Best
wishes
that
you
will
have
a
good
time
there.
It
is
a
golden
chance
for
you
in
summer
vacation.
In
short,
Enjoy
yourself.
Yours
sincerely,
WangLei
2
Directions:
Write
an
English
composition
in
120-150
words
according
to
the
instructions
given
below
in
Chinese.
学校英语报正在酝酿改版，拟从现有的三个栏目（健康、娱乐、文化）中去除一个，并从三个备选栏目（时尚、职业规划、读者反馈）中挑选一个纳入该报。假设你是该校学生程飞，给校报编辑写一封电子邮件，表达你的观点。邮件须包括以下内容：
1.
你建议去除的栏目及去除的理由；
2.
你建议增加的栏目及增加的理由。
Dear
Editor,
?
When
it
comes
to
the
selection
of
the
columns
for
the
school
English
newspaper,
opinions
vary
from
one
to
another.
As
far
as
I
am
concerned,
the
columns
preserved
will
definitely
make
a
feature
of
students'
interest
and
exert
positive
effects
on
their
study
and
life.
?
Comparatively
speaking,
I
maintain
that
the
value
of
the
columns
concerning
health
and
culture
far
outweighs
that
of
the
entertainment.
The
immediate
factor
is
that
nothing
is
more
valuable
than
keeping
healthy,
considering
that
loss
of
health
signifies
kissing
goodbye
to
life.
Consequently,
the
more
knowledge
one
has
of
how
to
keep
fit,
the
more
effectively
he
can
improve
his
quality
of
life.
The
second
point
to
be
mentioned
is
that
progress
in
the
acquisition
of
cultures
contributes
to
broadening
one's
horizons,
which
in
turn
facilitates
one's
study
and
the
establishment
of
philosophy
of
life.
?
As
for
the
addition,
the
career
planning
constitutes
a
top
priority.
For
one
thing,
it
concerns
one's
career
development
a
great
deal
while
for
another,
it
makes
a
great
difference
to
one's
career
success
in
the
future.
?
I
am
pretty
convinced
that
a
wise
choice
makes
perfect.
I
am
writing
the
e-mail
in
the
hope
that
my
advice
will
add
a
brilliant
touch
to
the
improved
version
of
our
school
English
newspaper.
Yours,
Cheng
Fei
(
巩固训练
)
1
上海博物馆拟举办一次名画展，现就展出场所（博物馆还是社区图书馆）征集公众意见，假设你是王敏，给上海博物馆写一封信表达你的想法。你的信必须满足以下要求：
1.?简述你写信的目的及你对场所的选择；
2.?说明你的理由（从便利性，专业性等方面对这两个场所进行对比）。
范文：
Dear
Sir
or
Madam,
Hearing
from
the
newspaper
that
you,
the
Shanghai
Museum,
are
planning
to
organize
a
famous
painting
exhibition
and
you
are
now
collecting
suggestions
about
whether
to
hold
it
in
your
museum
or
the
community
libraries,
I
am
now
writing
to
express
my
opinion
that
it
is
more
reasonable
to
hold
the
painting
exhibition
in
Shanghai
Museum
than
in
community
libraries.
My
reasons
are
as
follows.
In
terms
of
convenience/As
far
as
convenience
is
concerned,
the
museum
has
more
advantages
over
the
community
libraries.
To
begin
with,
it
is
located
in
the
People’s
Square,
which
is
the
center
of
the
city.
So
people
can
enjoy
convenient
transportation
such
as
the
subway
line
1,
2
and
8,
which
are
available
to
people
from
nearly
every
district.
It
saves
the
visitors
a
lot
of
time
and
trouble
of
traffic
jam.
Another
advantage
is
that
it
is
easy
to
be
found
by
those
from
other
provinces
around
the
country.
After
all
the
Shanghai
Museum
is
a
landmark
of
our
city
familiar
to
nearly
every
Chinese.
With
regard
to
the
professional
function,
Shanghai
Museum,
a
well-known
and
distinguished
museum
both
at
home
and
abroad,
is
more
professional
in
holding
painting
exhibitions.
What’s
of
great
significance
is
that
not
only
does
it
provide
advanced
facilities
and
high-tech
monitors
but
also
offers
professional
security
guards
to
protect
those
famous
paintings
from
being
damaged
or
stolen
in
the
process
of
exhibition.
To
put
it
in
a
nutshell,
I
firmly
believe
that
the
show
will
be
fantastic
if
it
is
held
in
Shanghai
Museum.
Yours
sincerely,
WangMin
2
某海外学校举办英语夏令营，开设了如下课程：园艺（gardening）、烹饪（cooking）、防身术（self-defence）、护理（nursing）。假如你是王跃华（不可以用自己的真实姓名），写一封申请信，报名参加其中一门课程的学习。信的内容必须包括：
你感兴趣的课程
你期望从这门课程中学到什么
为什么想学这些内容
范文1：
Dear
Sir/Madam,
I’m
overjoyed
at
the
news
that
a
summer
camp
will
be
open
at
your
school,
which
provides
gardening
as
one
of
the
options
and
that’s
my
favorite
hobby.
Thus,
I’m
writing
this
letter
to
apply
for
a
chance
to
be
an
attentive
learner
of
gardening
and
I
am
sure
that
the
experience
will
be
quite
fruitful.
To
begin
with,
as
I
live
in
a
big
house
equipped
with
a
big
garden,
I’ve
been
interested
in
plants
since
an
early
age.
Therefore,
I
hope
the
course
can
grant
me
an
opportunity
to
obtain
more
knowledge
of
plants,
which
will
help
me
go
deeper
into
their
mature
and
fulfill
my
wish
to
explore
the
secrets
of
nature.
Secondly,
I
hope
to
learn
more
about
the
skills
to
handle
the
grass
and
the
flowers
so
that
I
can
create
a
garden
to
my
own
taste
and
at
the
same
time
improve
my
practical
abilities.
Last
but
not
least,
as
gardening
is
not
so
popular
in
China
as
it
is
abroad,
the
information
I
can
refer
to
in
Chinese
is
limited.
Hence,
I
hope
to
take
advantage
of
the
chance
to
learn
about
the
terms
so
that
magazines
on
gardening
in
English
would
not
be
beyond
my
comprehension
any
longer.
To
sum
up,
I
sincerely
wish
for
the
chance
with
my
ardour
for
gardening
and
I
will
appreciate
it
a
lot
if
allowed
the
chance.
Yours
sincerely,
Wang
Yuehua
范文2：
It
is
said
that
a
summer
camp
is
to
be
held
by
your
school
and
a
few
courses
are
available
to
choose
from.
I
am
interested
in
gardening,
in
that
I
believe
it
features
my
character
and
personal
benefits.
During
the
learning
period,
I
expect
to
gain
some
unexpected
knowledge.
A
radical
technique
I’d
like
to
obtain
is
to
know
how
to
tell
different
species
of
plants
and
flowers
apart.
This
helps
me
to
have
a
clearer
outlook
of
those
in
my
garden.
Furthermore,
the
proper
cutting
time
and
frequency
to
water
are
some
other
skills
I
want
to
learn.
A
little
knowledge
concerning
choosing
suitable
soil
or
reasonable
positions
will
also
be
a
good
choice.
The
main
reason
why
I
choose
gardening
is
that
I
want
to
help
my
parents
with
their
work
in
the
domestic
garden.
In
addition,
I
find
that
we
students
generally
lack
the
knowledge
of
gardening,
missing
a
chance
to
have
a
word
with
nature,
so
that
knowing
the
surroundings
is
imperative.
Last
but
not
least,
by
attending
the
courses,
I
will
have
a
meaningful
summer
vacation,
and
drowning
myself
between
plants
will
by
all
means
add
a
brilliant
touch
to
my
life.
3
你的好友因家境一般买不起名牌而闷闷不乐。给他写封信，谈谈你的看法和建议.
收信人：徐海青
寄信人：黄平（不可用自己的真实姓名）
Dear
Haiqin,
I’m
writing
to
you
to
share
my
opinion
with
you,
for
I
have
just
heard
that
you
were
because
you
couldn’t
buy
something
of
famous
brands.
I
shall
say
that
it
is
natural
for
everyone
to
pay
much
emphasis
on
his
own
image
true
that
fashionable
clothes,
shoes
or
something
like
that
will
make
you
more
fashionable
eye-catching.
However,
everyone
has
own
family
background,
and
it
is
really
extravagant
to
buy
these.
Besides,
It
will
also
add
to
the
burden
of
your
parents.
What’s
more,
beauty
is
just
skin
deep,
and
there
are
many
things
which
can
popular
with
others
except
fashion.
A
great
amount
of
knowledge,
noble
character
and
heart
will
surely
win
you
others5
respect
and
admiration.
Good
qualities
is
the
treasure
which
is
more
valuable
than
anything
you
wear.
Never
judge
a
book
by
its
cover.
I
hope
you
will
remember
the
saying
and
become
as
happy
as
you
used
to
be
.
Yours,
HuangPing
Dear
Xu
Haiqing,
You
said
in
your
letter
that
many
of
your
classmates
were
wearing
fashionable
clothes,
but
you
couldn’t
afford
to
buy
the
best
brands.
So
you
felt
very
depressed.
There
are
different
views
on
people’s
wear.
The
following
are
my
ideas
about
it.
Firstly,
you
shouldn’t
put
too
much
emphasis
on
physical
appearance.
You
must
always
remember
the
most
important
task
for
you
today
is
to
concentrate
your
attention
on
your
studies.
No
matter
what
you
wear,
you
will
really
look
your
best
when
you
come
out
first
in
your
examinations.
A
famous
saying
goes,
“Frugality
is
the
mother
of
virtue.”
So,
secondly,
you
must
understand
that
it
is
a
fine
virtue
to
learn
live
in
frugality.
Since
your
family
is
not
able
to
provide
you
with
enough
money
to
buy
clothes
of
the
best
brands,
it
is
all
the
more
necessary
for
you
to
try
every
means
to
lighten
the
financial
burden
of
your
family.
You
will
find
the
virtue
of
frugality
will
benefit
you
a
lot
in
your
later
life.
I
hope
you
understand
what
I
mean.
I
am
sure
you
will
take
a
positive
attitude
towards
life
and
will
be
happy
again
when
you
read
my
letter.
21世纪教育网
www.21cnjy.com
精品试卷·第
2
页
（共
2
页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(
高考说明文写作指导
)
(
知识
导图
)
(
要
点
精析
)
应用文是一种与日常生活、学习或工作密切相关,
实用性很强的文体,
包括书信(或电子邮件)、日记、通知、发言稿和读后感等,
每种类别的应用文都有各自的结构和行文特点。
（一）书信（电子邮件）
书信通常包括商务信函和私人信函,
从内容方面包括求职或求学的申请信、批评或投诉抱怨信、建议信、祝贺或感谢或慰问信等。书信是应用文中使用最广泛的文体。其中建议信和申请信考察最频繁。电子邮件与书信的格式差不多。
建议信
1、写作思路
第一段：开门见山地说明写信的意图，即信的开头要交代事由。
第二段：交代对信中所反映的主要问题的看法和建议，不同内容可分段。
第三段：表达美好祝愿，期待对方回信。
2、写作模板
Dear
,
Learning/Hearing
that____________,
I’m
now
writing
to
extend
a
helping
hand,
hoping
that
my
suggestions
may
be
of
great
benefit
to
you
to
some
extent.
Frankly
speaking,
there
is
no
denying
that
the
following
suggestions
carried
out,
things
would
probably
become
much
better.
First
and
foremost,
there
is
no
doubt
that
you
are
supposed
to___________________.
Additionally,
it
goes
without
saying
that
it
is
beneficial
for
you
to___________________.
Last
but
not
least,
needless
to
say,
if
I
were
you,
I
would___________________________________.
I
genuinely
hope
that
you
will
take
my
suggestions
into
consideration,
and
your
prompt
(迅速的)
attention
to
my
suggestions
would
be
highly
appreciated.
Best
wishes
to
you!
Yours
sincerely,
Signature
3、例题
假设你是明启中学的王磊，你校学生会即将组织一次徒步活动，并在校园网公布了如下方案，征求师生的意见。写一封邮件给活动组织者，内容须包括：
1.你认为方案中需要改进的地方及改进建议;
2.你的理由。
徒步活动方案
主题：发现上海
时间：5月1日(周日)下午3点
路线：从人民广场出发，途径南京路，抵达外滩(the
Bund)后原路返回
Hearing
the
news
that
our
Students
Union
will
organize
a
walking
program
and
has
put
the
drafted
plan
on
the
Internet,
I’m
writing
to
air
my
thoughts
about
it
as
follows.
To
begin
With,
from
my
point
of
view,
the
time
planned
is
not
appropriate.
As
is
known
to
all,
the
first
day
of
May
is
the
first
day
of
holiday
in
China
so
that
the
center
city
of
Shanghai
is
sure
to
be
crowded
on
that
day.
So
the
date
had
better
be
postponed
till
the
weekend
before
or
after
the
holiday,
thus
ensuring
that
we
students
have
a
good
taste
of
beauty
of
Shanghai.
Moreover,
I
hold
the
idea
that
the
route
should
be
revised.
Personally,
after
approaching
at
the
Bund,
it’s
not
a
desirable
option
to
go
back
according
to
the
originate
route.
Instead,
we
students
can
go
to
other
places
of
interest
to
go
back
to
school,
which
guarantees
a
golden
opportunity
of
witnessing
the
beauty
of
Shanghai.
In
a
nutshell,
all
the
above
thoughts
are
based
on
my
personal
perspective
and
there
may
still
leave
something
to
be
desired,
but
as
far
as
my
strong
wish
to
contribute
to
the
program
is
concerned,
I
would
be
much
obliged
if
you
could
take
my
suggestions
into
account.
申请信
1、写作思路
第一段：表明自己对某个工作或职位感兴趣，并提出申请。
第二段：介绍相关个人信息，主要包括你具备了什么样的素质来胜任这份工作和你为什么想得到这份工作。
第三段：提出要求，希望对方考虑你的申请。
2、写作模板
Dear
,
Learning/Hearing
from
......
that_______________,/Word
came
that........
And
I
am
writing
to
apply
for
the
position
of________________,
hoping
that____________.
There
are
three
main
reasons
accounting
for
why
I
am
fit
for
the
position.
First
and
foremost,......
Additionally,......
Last
but
not
least,......
I
would
appreciate
it
very
much
if
you
could
grant
me
this
opportunity.
If
chosen/elected,
I
would
devote
all
my
energy
and
wisdom
to
the
company/activity/club/
class
and
I
won't
let
you
down.
Thank
you
for
considering
my
application.
Looking
forward
to
your
reply
at
your
earliest
convenience.
Best
wishes
for
you!
Yours
sincerely,
Signature
3、例题
假如你是明启中学（
Ming
Qi
Middle
School）的李明，想申请一个扶贫项目，帮助贫困地区的儿童。根据以下启事，写一封申请信（信中不能提到真实姓名和学校）。
启事
国际儿童基金会将资助中学生开展扶贫项目，以帮助贫困地区的儿童。申请成功者将获得项目经费2000元。
有意者请来信告知：
1）
你个人的基本情况；
2）
你对申请项目的基本设想；
3）
项目经费的使用计划。
联系方式:
2011hope@icf.org
Dear
Sir
or
Madam,
Word
came
that
the
International
Children
Funds
Association
intended
to
aid
middle
school
students
financially
in
launching
programs
designed
to
help
children
in
poor
areas.
And
I
am
writing
to
you
to
apply
for
one,
hoping
that
the
fund
as
much
as
2000
yuan
can
realize
my
wish
to
help
these
children.
As
a
normal
student
of
MingQi
Middle
School,
I,
Li
Ming,
have
been
long
cherishing
a
dream
that
every
single
child
in
poverty
can
have
free
access
to
knowledge,
thus
devoting
themselves
to
society
to
make
it
more
harmonious
in
turn.
Consequently,
if
my
application
can
be
luckily
agreed
to,
I
will
spare
no
effort
to
build
a
library
for
those
children
as
my
program.
To
be
more
specific,
the
fund
will
be
divided
into
three
parts.
First
of
all,
800
yuan
of
it
will
be
spent
on
buying
books
which
may
be
mainly
second-hand,
in
order
to
ensure
the
quantity.
Also,
another
400
yuan
will
be
intended
to
carry
out
advertisements
that
call
on
the
people
with
a
sense
of
responsibility
in
society
to
donate
textbooks
and
so
forth.
What’s
more,
the
remaining
800
yuan,
according
to
my
design,
shall
be
given
to
those
children,
entitling
them
the
right
to
buy
their
favorite
books
that
are
beyond
what
is
mentioned
above.
As
you
can
see
from
what
is
talked
about
above,
my
plan
may
still
leave
something
to
be
desired,
but
as
far
as
my
strong
wish
to
help
those
children
is
concerned,
I
genuinely
hope
you
and
your
association
can
grant
me
the
opportunity
to
turn
it
into
reality.
Yours
sincerely,
LiMing
抱怨/投诉信
1、写作思路
第一段：表述抱怨内容，客观真实地表达对此事的感受。
第二段：阐述问题发生的经过，提出问题引起的后果。
第三段：提出批评及处理的意见或敦促对方采取措施。
2、写作模板
Dear
,
I’m
writing
to
complain
about________________.
描述所抱怨或投诉事件情况。
Informed
of
the
whole
story,
you
must
have
a
clear
idea________________.
.......
All
in
all,
I’m
writing
this
letter
not
only
for
the
sake
of
myself,
but
also
for
the
sake
of
my
fellow
citizens,
who
firmly
hope
that____________________.
I’m
looking
forward
to
your
early
reply.
3、例题
你昨天在超市购物时遭遇了一件不开心的事。写一封E-mail向超市经理投诉,
告诉他事情的经过,
并提出你希望的解决方案。(文中不得出现真实的校名或人名)
Dear
manager,
I’m
writing
to
complain
about
something
I
experienced
in
your
supermarket
yesterday.
I
was
about
to
leave
the
clothing
section
when
a
shop
assistant
walked
up
to
me
and
recommended
a
T-shirt
to
me.
Overwhelmed
by
her
words
of
praises,
I
took
the
T-shirt,
intending
to
try
it
on.
At
that
moment,
the
shop
assistant
assured
me
that
this
one
is
just
of
my
size
and
tried
every
means
to
persuade
me
to
go
straight
to
the
check-out.
I
did,
but
soon
I
found
the
T-shirt
doesn’t
actually
fit
me
well.
I
asked
for
help
at
the
service
desk,
only
to
be
told
that
T-shirt
of
this
style
was
not
available
in
a
smaller
size
and
that
customers
were
not
to
obtain
a
refund
for
clothes.
I
believe
I
was
suggested
that
I
give
up
my
legal
rights
and
take
responsibility
for
my
losses.
Informed
of
the
whole
story,
you
must
have
a
clear
idea
who
is
to
blame
for
this
unpleasant
shopping
experience.
What
the
shop
assistant
did
was
nothing
but
take
me
in
by
concealing
the
fact
that
there
was
no
T-shirts
of
my
size
in
stock.
I'm
a
regular
customer
of
your
supermarket
because
I
know
you
and
your
staff
apply
the
saying
“honesty
is
the
best
policy”
to
practice.
Therefore,
I
insist
that
the
shop
assistant
should
give
me
an
explanation
of
her
inappropriate
behavior
and
apologize
to
me
from
the
bottom
of
her
heart.
As
for
my
purchase,
whether
to
change
it
for
a
smaller
one
or
arrange
a
refund,
you
must
make
up
for
my
losses.
I’ll
still
believe
in
your
supermarket
if
my
complaint
can
be
dealt
with
properly.
I’m
looking
forward
to
your
early
reply.
Sincerely
yours,
Alice
（二）日记
1、写作思路与格式
日记分记事型、议论型、描写型。日记必须用第一人称进行叙述,
将一天所经历的主要事情和过程依次简要地记下来,
再发表感想或评论。记日记力求简单明了,
有连贯性。在格式上要求在日记的右上角写明日期和天气情况,
如：
Tuesday
October/Oct.
1st,
2015,
Cloudy
2、例题
老师要求你负责班级墙报（wall
newspaper）工作并征求你的意见。在日记中表述你的决定并谈谈你的想法。
Thursday,
March
11
I
was
so
glad
that
the
teacher
asked
me
to
make
some
plans
for
the
wall
newspaper
today.
And
the
suggestions
for
it
are
as
follows:
First
of
all,
there
should
be
some
information
on
the
world
issues.
Although
we
high
school
students
are
busy
with
our
study,
we
should
keep
an
eye
on
what
is
going
on
around
the
world,
which
will
broaden
our
horizon.
In
addition,
I
suggest
there
be
a
section
on
our
school
life.
For
example,
the
news
of
the
school
sports
meeting
and
the
good
methods
of
study
in
our
class.
Finally,
each
group
should
prepare
the
wall
newspaper
in
turns,
so
that
each
students
can
have
an
opportunity
to
display
his
or
her
talent.
In
a
word,
I
hope
the
wall
newspaper
will
be
popular
with
the
students
in
our
school.
（三）发言稿
1、写作思路与格式
发言稿是属于在正式场合下使用的口头文体,
包括演讲、报告、欢迎或欢送稿和宣讲倡议书等。发言稿可以是介绍性说明文,也可以是就某一主题提出论点和相关的论据：发言稿是直接面向听众的,
语言使用上一定要准确简洁、通俗易懂、层次清楚、条理分明;
语句不能太复杂,但是也不能是简单句的罗列,
可以适当穿插一些复合句,
适当使用关联词承前启后,
使文章前后连贯,
浑然一体。发言稿一般由开头语、正文和结束语三部分组成。开头和结尾一般都有固定的格式,
如：
Good
morning
/
afternoon
/
evening,
everyone
/
ladies
and
gentlemen,
It's
a
great
honor
for
me
to
stand
here
and
give
my
speech.
My
name
is...
The
topic
of
my
speech
is
...
...
Thank
you
for
your
listening.
2、例题
假如你将代表你校2016届毕业生在学校毕业典礼上发言,
请你用英语写一篇演讲稿(不得出现真实的人名和校名等相关信息),
演讲稿的内容必须包括：
回顾三年的学习生活
对老师表达感谢之情
Dear
teachers
and
my
fellow
schoolmates,
I
am
honored
to
have
the
privilege
to
speak
on
behalf
of
all
those
to
graduate
in
this
year
of
2016.
On
this
special
occasion
marking
the
end
of
our
high
school
life,
I
can’t
help
looking
back
on
the
memories
that
you
and
I
have
written
together.
In
the
past
three
years,
we
have
experienced
the
passion
of
youth
in
various
events.
We
once
stood
in
the
dazzling
sun
of
august
during
the
military
training,
shouting
out
the
loudest
slogans.
We
once
designed
the
craziest
rockets
during
the
Science
Festival.
We
once
sang
the
most
beautiful
songs
on
the
stage
of
the
Art
Festival.
Also,
we
have
experienced
challenges
and
obstacles
that
serve
to
make
us
stronger.
We
felt
lonely
when
we
first
experienced
dormitory
life.
We
felt
discouraged
when
we
first
got
a
low
test
score.
We
felt
depressed
when
we
had
a
quarrel
with
friends.
These
experiences,
sweet
or
bitter,
pushed
us
beyond
our
limits
and
into
maturity.
We
have
become
braver,
smarter
and
more
hopeful.
Yet,
we
should
never
have
made
it
this
far
without
the
great
efforts
of
our
teachers.
Let
us
all
thank
them
sincerely
for
their
devotion
and
dedication.
Let
us
all
reward
them
by
remembering
the
most
important
lesson
they
have
taught
us
—
how
to
be
a
better
person.
At
last,
I
believe
the
end
of
high
school
life
marks
the
fresh
beginning
of
a
brighter
future.
My
friends,
I
congratulate
you
on
graduating
from
our
beloved
school
with
all
the
fulfillments
and
I
am
fortunate
to
join
you
in
stepping
into
the
adult
world.
Thank
you
for
listening.
（四）读后感观后感
1、写作思路
读后感是就自己读过的一本书或一篇文章谈谈自己的感悟。观后感是就自己看过的一部电影或电视节目谈谈自己的感悟。
2、例题
就你读过的一本书,
写一篇读后感。具体要求如下：
写出书名及作者
简单介绍书中你感兴趣的人物、情节或思想(选一即可)
说明感兴趣的理由
As
the
saving
goes,
good
books
are
good
teachers.
The
books
we
read
exert
significant
influence
on
our
mental
growth
as
we
get
mature.
As
for
me,
what
impresses
me
most
is
The
Little
Prince
written
by
a
French
writer
Antoine
Saint-
Exupery.
Undoubtedly,
the
story
itself
about
the
prince’s
adventure
is
touching.
But
the
food
for
thought
between
lines
is
something
more
valuable.
Of
all
the
thoughts
that
the
writer
wanted
to
convey,
I
appreciate
this
one
most,
“The
most
important
things
are
invisible
to
eyes.”
I
was
deeply
touched
by
it
at
the
first
sight.
There
are
many
things
that
we
are
busy
pursuing：key
schools,
good
jobs,
money,
reputation
...
The
list
seems
to
be
endless
and
therefore
our
schedule
is
always
full
of
tasks.
However,
what
makes
our
life
meaningful
is
something
apart
from
those
visible.
Love,
friendship,
dreams
of
realizing
our
value
actually
make
up
the
essence
of
life
and
meanwhile
the
efforts
and
the
spirits
add
the
bright
and
shinning
colors
to
our
life.
“The
most
important
things
are
invisible
to
eyes.”
Bear
it
in
our
mind
and
let
it
guide
us
for
a
more
worthy
life.
(
课堂典例
)
Directions:
Write
an
English
composition
in
120-150
words
according
to
the
instructions
given
below
in
Chinese.
假设你是明启中学的学生王磊，你校计划引进一个机器人担任餐厅服务员或者图书馆管理员，并在英语贴吧征求学生意见，你很感兴趣，决定回帖响应，你所写的内容应包括:
1.
你认为机器人适合担任的一个岗位，二选一;
2.
通过比较，阐述你选择的理由，可以从工作效率，服务范围等方面进行表述。
Dear
headmaster,
So
appealing
is
your
plan
to
introduce
a
robot
to
our
school
that
I
decide
to
respond
to
your
asking
for
proposals.
From
my
perspective,
a
robot
is
more
suitable
for
the
position
of
librarian.
With
regard
to
the
range
of
service,
a
librarian
needs
not
only
to
classify
different
kinds
of
books,
put
and
find
them
in
the
right
order
on
the
right
shelf
but
also
keep
a
record
of
what
books
are
borrowed
and
returned,
while
being
a
waiter
in
a
restaurant
involves
serving
the
right
dishes
to
the
right
table,
doing
some
cleaning
and
communicating
with
the
diners.
A
robot
can
accomplish
three
or
four
librarians’
work
of
sorting
and
labeling
books
at
the
same
time,
whereas
it
is
pale
before
a
man
in
communicating
and
tackling
the
unexpected
(unpredictable)
occasions.
In
terms
of
working
efficiency,
a
robot
may
be
more
efficient
in
doing
the
programmed,
mechanical
and
repetitive
kind
of
work.
Therefore,
it
is
more
advisable
for
the
robot
to
undertake
the
duties
of
a
librarian
grouping
countless
books
repeatedly,
thus
considerably
improving
the
efficiency
of
a
human
librarian.
However,
when
it
comes
to
the
work
of
a
waiter,
who
needn’t
work
so
heavily
and
fast
as
a
librarian
but
do
need
react
flexibly
to
the
diners’
requirements,
a
robot
won’t
make
a
remarkable
difference
and
even
may
not
be
more
qualified
than
a
man.
In
a
nutshell,
it
is
the
mechanical
work
of
a
librarian
that
the
robot
is
more
competent
at.
Hope
that
my
advice
will
be
of
great
help
to
your
decision.
Wang
lei
Technology
is
transforming
the
world
and
robotics
is
refreshing
our
vision
for
work.
A
recent
BBS
post
revealed
that
our
school
had
been
planning
to
introduce
some
robots
and
sought
students’
opinions.
Some
students
thought
the
robots
could
act
as
canteen
servants
while
the
others
recommended
them
as
librarians
in
the
school
library.
In
my
opinion,
these
robots
should
be
employed
as
e-librarians.
From
the
perspective
of
efficiency,
the
introduction
of
robots
in
the
canteen
may
fail
to
make
full
use
of
them
in
that
the
provision
of
three
meals
a
day
is
a
highly
regulated
routine,
such
as
6:30
to
8:00
for
breakfast.
They
can
be
idled
away（闲置）
for
the
rest
of
the
time.
Contrarily,
the
robots
in
the
library
will
be
accessible
to
us
at
any
time
and
even
at
any
place
if
the
robot
functions
permit.
With
regard
to
services,
the
robot
functions
in
the
canteen
are
singular（单一的）,
no
more
than
delivering
meals
in
a
splendid,
automatic
and
quicker
manner,
which
will
conveniently
cut
labor
expenses,
the
very
aim
of
school
administration.
In
the
library,
these
e-librarians
will
provide
varied
and
favorable
facilitations,
including
instant,
automatic
and
accurate
inquiry,
exchange
and
delivery
of
books.
They
are
facilities
of
knowledge.
The
robots
in
the
canteen
will
eventually
evolve
into
an
eye-catching
show
of
mechanical
magnificence,
but
as
e-librarians,
their
potentials
are
fully
tapped（实现）.
In
this
sense,
this
application
essentially
explains
the
core
of
technology
advancement:
to
liberate
man
from
toil
and
serve
people
in
the
deeper
exploration
of
knowledge
in
a
more
efficient
and
convenient
way.
评析：文章开头的动词使用可谓准确而丰富，均为考纲中的基本词汇，却给人耳目一新的感觉，完全没有生搬硬套“模板”的痕迹，这是本文的“与众不同”之一。也是诸君在日常词汇积累中要借鉴的地方---单词跟着例句走，活学活用。
其实中间段落完全可以构成另一篇佳作的核心部分。但由于本文入题篇幅较长，其他部分也都相应拉长，但这两段举例和说理“长而不腻”，调理清晰，没有重复“赘肉”。诸君在这里既要学到内容上的“与众不同”，也要时刻自省，自己的作品在结构上是不是合理。
结尾是文章的又一亮点，作者指出：“人工智能和机器人的存在，是为了解放生产力，让人类能够有时间精力去探索新的知识。”主题的升华是本篇范文的另一“与众不同”。
从头到尾，一气呵成，词汇使用没有深奥难懂，但看得出作者是在认真、自信地发表自己的意见，融入了“王磊”的角色，站在学校管理层的角度来探讨问题，think
out
of
the
box。
(
实战演练
)
1
假设你是明启中学的学生王磊，你的好友李宏今年暑假将赴英国参加为期两个月的海外交流活动。如果选择主办方安排的住宿，他需要额外支付较高的费用。但他也可以通过为当地社区养老院提供每月三十小时的义工服务，获得在养老院免费住宿的机会，李宏通过邮件向你征求意见。写一封回信，内容须包括：
1、你对此事的明确态度；
2、你的理由。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2
Directions:
Write
an
English
composition
in
120-150
words
according
to
the
instructions
given
below
in
Chinese.
学校英语报正在酝酿改版，拟从现有的三个栏目（健康、娱乐、文化）中去除一个，并从三个备选栏目（时尚、职业规划、读者反馈）中挑选一个纳入该报。假设你是该校学生程飞，给校报编辑写一封电子邮件，表达你的观点。邮件须包括以下内容：
1.
你建议去除的栏目及去除的理由；
2.
你建议增加的栏目及增加的理由。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(
巩固训练
)
1
上海博物馆拟举办一次名画展，现就展出场所（博物馆还是社区图书馆）征集公众意见，假设你是王敏，给上海博物馆写一封信表达你的想法。你的信必须满足以下要求：
1.?简述你写信的目的及你对场所的选择；
2.?说明你的理由（从便利性，专业性等方面对这两个场所进行对比）。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2
某海外学校举办英语夏令营，开设了如下课程：园艺（gardening）、烹饪（cooking）、防身术（self-defence）、护理（nursing）。假如你是王跃华（不可以用自己的真实姓名），写一封申请信，报名参加其中一门课程的学习。信的内容必须包括：
你感兴趣的课程
你期望从这门课程中学到什么
为什么想学这些内容
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3
你的好友因家境一般买不起名牌而闷闷不乐。给他写封信，谈谈你的看法和建议.
收信人：徐海青
寄信人：黄平（不可用自己的真实姓名）
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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