时态讲与练

一 般 现 在 时
用法：
1. 一般现在时表示现在的状态：He is twelve. She is at work.
2. 表示经常或习惯性的动作：I get up at 6:30 every day. He reads English every morning.
3. 表示主语具备的性格和能力: He is outgoing. She speaks French.
4. 普遍的真理和自然规律： The moon goes around the earth. Two plus four is six.
结构：
1. 除了主语是第三人称单数的任何人称，其结构如下：
（肯定句）主语
（否定句）主语
2. 当主语为第三人称单数的结构如下：
（肯定句）主语
(否定句)主语
时间标志：
1、often, usually, always, sometimes. 2、every + 时间类：eg： every day/week/month/year3、On Sundays. once a week. twice a day, in the morning/evening/afternoon.
动词的三单形式变化规则
1：一般情况加s. 例：looks, puts
2： 以s, x. ch, sh , 及o 结尾加es. 例：does, goes, watches, washes, guesses, fixes.
3：以辅音字母加y结尾的动词先变y为i再加es. 例：fly----flies. study----studies
练习：1、 I________（ be ）a student . 2、You________( be ) a worker . 3、________( be ) he a teacher
He often ________( go ) to school by bike . 5、_____you usually ________( get ) up at seven in the morning
She sometimes _____( do ) his homework at school . 7、______ Lucy _____( play ) basketball every day
They ___________( go ) to see their parents every month .
1.I will tell him as soon as he _____ back
A. come B. comes C. will come D. came
2. Mary _____ on shoes when she ____ them.
A. tries…buys B. tries… buies C. trys… buys D. trys… buies
3. The girl often ______ cold when she ______.
A. cathcs…dances B. catches… dances C. catchs…dancees D. catches… dancee
4. _____ he ____ himself there No, I don’t think so.
A. Do…enjoy B. Does… enjoies C. Does… enjoys D. Does…enjoy
5. _____ your teacher ____ from them very often Certainly.
A. Do…hear B. Does…hear C. Do… receive D. receive
6. _____ your mother _____ some cleaning on Sundays
A. Does…does B. Do…does C. Does…do D. Do… do
7. _____ Tom _____to work hard to help his family Yes, he _____.
A. Has… x…does B. Has…x…does
C. Does…has…has D. Does… have…does
8. Which teacher _____ lessons to you every day
A. does …gives B. does… give C. do… give D. gives
9. Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, ____ _____ , he does.
A. does he…No B. does he…Yes C. doesn’t he…No D. doesn’t he…Yes
10.Mr Black often _____ fishing on Sundays, _____ he
A. goes…doesn’t B. goes…isn’t
C. doesn’t go…does D. doesn’t go…is
11.He usually _____ TV on Sunday evening.
A. watch B. watches C. watching D. is watching
12. Well go to play with snow if it ______ tomorrow.
A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed
13. Neither I nor he ______ French.
A. speak B. doesn’t speak C. speaks D. doesn’t speak
14. Nobody ______ how to run this machines.
A . know B. have known C. knows D. is knowing
15. The Young Pioneer _____ water for the old man every day.
A. carry B. bring C. takes D. carries
现 在 进 行 时
用法：表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作 I am listening to my teacher.
结构：1. 肯定句 主语+be(am, is, are ) +doing + 其它 We are watching TV now.
2. 否定句 主语+be not +doing + 其它 She isn’t looking at you.
3. 一般疑问句：Be + 主语+doing + 其它？ 回答：Yes, 主语be ；No, 主语be not.
Are they doing their homework now Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t.
时间标志：1. now 2. look 、listen 3.these days 4. at present 5. at the moment 6. these days
7. from three to five 8.上下文提示
动词加ing变化规则：
一般情况加ing 例：go----going ask----asking
不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e加ing 例：write----writing close----closing
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写这一字母，再加ing.例：get--getting
sit, cut, hit, put, forget, run, begin, swim, shop, stop, prefer.
4. 以ie 结尾的动词，把ie改为y , 再加ing : lie--lying
练习：
The twins ______________( listen ) to the old man now .
2、 Look, they _______________( wash ) over there .
3、Listen , who ________________( sing ) in the room
16. Some are ______ in the river and some are ______ games.
A. swimming… playing B. swimming…plaiing
C. swimming… I playing D. swimming…plaing
17. Look ! The boy students are _____ football while the girls are _____ .
A. playing… dance B. playing… dancing
C. play… dancing D. play… dance
18. He _____ to do his lessons at eight every evening.
A. is beginning B. is beginning C. begin D. begins
19. _____ he _____ on well with his friends this term
A. Does…gets B. Does…get C. Is…getting D. Is…geting
20. Mr Smith _____ short stories, but he ____ a TV play these days.
A. is writing…is writing B. is writing… writes
C. writes… is writing D. writes… writes
一 般 将 来 时
用法：表示在将来某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
在数轴上的表示：
过去 现在 将来
结构：1. 主语 + will + v. I will go to Beijing tomorrow. She will be 42 years old next year.
2. 主语 + be going to + v. She is going to fly a kite this Sunday .
3. 有些短暂性动词可以用进行时表示将来 come , go, leave, arrive, start
a. I am coming to help you. b. She is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
注意：在 when, until, as soon as, before, after 引导的时间状语从句和If 引导的条件状语从句中，从句要用一般现在时代替将来时 He will call you as soon as he comes back.
We will go to the park if it is fine tomorrow.
标志：1, tomorrow/the day after tomorrow 2, next + 时间 3. this+星期
4, in/on + 将来时间 in 2010. on May 1st 2010. 5，soon, right away.
练习： 1．I _____ ___ ( drink )some milk tomorrow .
2．The students ______ _____(climb ) the hill in two days .
3．London _______ __________ ( hold ) the Olympic Games in 2012.
4．Ann ______ _ _____ __( give ) a talk about English names next month .
5. Lucy __ _ ___ ____ ________( play ) basketball tomorrow morning.
6. My parents ____ _ __ ___( fly ) to Shanghai the day after tomorrow.
7. Jack _____ ___ _____ __ ( be ) eight years old two years later.
8. They ____ __ ( sing ) an English song on the evening party of December 4th this year.
48. There will be a football match in two days, that is _______.
A. last Sunday B. next Sunday C. every Sunday D. this Sunday
49. We ______ class meeting this November.
A. had B. have C. will have D. are having
50. He ______ in his garden every morning next year.
A. will work B. works C. worked D. is working
51. Be careful. The train ______.
A. will come B. C. comes D. is coming
52. Look at those clouds. It _____ soon, I’m afraid.
A. is going to rain B. is raining C. will rain D. won’t rain
53. The radio says it ______ the day after tomorrow.
A. is going to snow B. is snowing C. will snow D. snows
54. _____ he _____ some shopping tomorrow afternoon
A. Will…does B. is going to …do C. is…doing D. Shall… do
55. What day _____ it ______ tomorrow Wednesday.
A. is… going to be B. will…be C. shall…be D. does…be
56. The boy _______ sixteen years old next year.
A. is going to be B. is growing to be C. will be D. is
57. _____ you ____ me up at six, please
A. Are…going to wake B. Are…waking C. Will…wake D. Do…wake
58. If he ______ to college, he _____ a lot more.
A. will go…will learn B. will go…is going to learn
C. is going… is going to learn D. goes… will learn
59. When she _____ next time ,l ______ her everything.
A. is going to come…shall tell B. will come…shall tell
C. comes…will tell D. come…will tell
60. What day ____ it ____ tomorrow It ____Tuesday.
A. is…going to be… is B. will…be…will C. is…going to be…is going D. will …be…will be
一 般 过 去 时
用法：表示在过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
在数轴上的表示：
过去 现在 将来
结构:
（肯定句）主语
( 否定句)主语
规则变化： 1，+ed. played
2, e结尾+d. skated
3, 辅音字母+y结尾 改y为i + ed. studied
4, 双写最后一字母+ed. stopped
不规则变化：背
1.is 2.like 3. water 4.go
5.collect 6.have 7.fly 8.eat
9.see 10.read 11.stop 12.taste
13.get 14.stop 15. live 16.take
17.do 18.pick 19.are 20.watch
21.listen 22.study 23.sit 24.cook
25.show 26.play 27.meet e
29.wash 30.dance 31.visit 32.ask
四、时间状语：1, yesterday类2, last + 时间类3, 时间 ago类4, in/on + 过去时间
Eg ; in 2001. on May 1st 2001.
1,_____ you ______( do ) your homework yesterday evening
2, His uncle __________ ( play ) soccer last week.
3, I __________ ( come ) to Shishi in 1994.
4, She ___________ ( study ) hard when she was only ten years old.
5, His aunt ____________ ( be ) a actress ten years ago.
6, He ___________ ( look ) very handsome in 1996.
1. Where __________ you born A. did B. had C. was D. were
2．Last night my father __________ home very late. A. reached B. gets C. reached to D. got to
3. When Jim was a child , they __________ to France. A. lived B. worked C. reached D. moved
4. Wei Hua __________ a busy day yesterday. A. has B. had C. was D. have
5. When ______ you come here We _______here last week. A. do; come B. do; came C. did; came D. did; come
现 在 完 成 时
1 用法：1表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have had lunch already
2表示过去已经开始的某一动作或状态一直持续到现在，可能还会持续下去
The film has been on for ten minutes
2 在数轴上的表现：
1
2
过去 现在 将来
3, 结构: 肯定句：主语＋have /has + PP I have already had lunch.
否定句：主语＋haven’t /hasn’t +PP I haven’t had lunch yet.
疑问句： Have/Has +主语+ PP. Have you had lunch yet
规则变化： 1，+ed. played
2, e结尾+d. skated
3, 辅音字母+y结尾 改y为i + ed. studied
4, 双写最后一字母+ed. stopped
不规则：背
标志： ① already (否定 yet) ② ever (否定never) ③ just ④ before ⑤ for+段时间 ⑥ since+点时间
7. so far
本时态重点：　have been to have gone to have been in
终止性动词不可以和一段时间连用
come/go/arrive—be (in) leave—be away from borrow—keep die—be dead buy—have
join—be a…/ be in… begin/start—be on end/finish—be over open—be open
练习：① I _______ already _________ ( finish ) my homework .
② She ______ ________ ( do ) her housework yet .
③ He _____ ____ ( live ) in Beijing for three years .
④ They __ _____(be ) in this school since eight years ago .
⑤ He isn’t here ,he ______ _______ (go ) to Beijing .
⑥ She ______ never ________ ( be ) there before .
⑦ The teacher ______ just ________ ( finish ) teaching us .
⑧ _________ you ever ___________ ( taste ) dumplings .
( )1.——Have you traveled on the train. ——Yes, I have.
(A)never (B)ever (C)just (D)yet
( )2.——Have you finished your homework ——Not .
(A)ever (B)already (C)yet (D)just
( )3. We haven't finished our homework .
(A)already (B)ever (C)yet (D)never
( )4.——Have you learned English ——Yes, I've learned a lot.
(A)never, ever (B)ever, never (C)ever, already (D)already. ever
( )5.——Have you finished your homework ——Yes, I've done that
(A)yet, already (B)already, yet (C)ever, never (D)still, just
( )6.John's father borrowed some pictures
(A)have already （B)has just (C)have ever (D)has yet
( )7.He finished his homework yet
(A)doesn’t (B)haven’t (C) hasn’t (D) doesn’t have
( )8.I've been like this ever since
(A)last week (B) for a week (C) a week before (D)the last week
( )9.My mother has worked in this factory 2 years.
(A)about (B)for (C)in (D)since
( )10. I haven't heard from him last week.
(A)since (B) for (C)ago (D)before
( )11.His father joined the party_________
(A)for three years (B)since three years ago(C)three years ago (D)in two years' time
( )12.Mr Green isn't in the office , He to the library
(A)has gone (B)went (C)has been (D)will go
( )13.Mr smith to Tokyo and he will be back in a week
(A)has been (B)has visited (C)has sent (D)has gone
( )14.They_ China for two years
( A)have been to (B)have been in (c)have gone to (D)have come to
( )15.Jim's been to the Great wall before ,
(A)isn't (B)wasn't (C)hasn't (D)doesn't
( )16.She's never been to England, she
(A)has (B)hasn't (C)isn't (D)is
( )17.___________has Hanmei been in the library.
(A)How long (B)How soon (C)How far (D)How often
( )18.How long ___he___ the library book .
( A)has, borrow (B)has, kept (C)has, bought (D)did, buy
( )19.Her father in 1990 and her husband for more than five years
(A)died ,dead (B)has died, dead (C)died ,has been dead (D)has died, has died
( )20.I have this nice watch for two years
(A)had (B)bought (C)borrowed (D)lend
过 去 进 行 时
用法：过去进行时表示在过去某一时间正在进行或发生的动作。
结构：肯定句：主语+was/were +doing + 其它 + 时状 I was watching TV when you called me.
否定句：主语+was/were not +doing + 其它 I wasn’t doing housework at 7 yesterday.
一般疑问句：was/were + 主语+doing + 其它 Was it snowing at this time yesterday
回答：Yes, 主语was/were ；No, 主语was/were not. Yes, it was./ No, it wasn’t .
动词加ing变化规则：
1.一般情况加ing 例：go----going ask----asking
2.不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e加ing 例：write----writing close----closing
3.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写这一字母，再加ing.例：get--getting
4. 以ie 结尾的动词，把ie改为y , 再加ing : lie--lying
collect have fly eat see read stop tie
get stop live take show play meet die
时间状语：at that time, then, at this time+ 过去类的时间（at this time last year）， at + 点钟+过去类的时间( at five yesterday), when, while
41. When they______ through the forest, a bear _____ at them.
A. walked… was coming B. were walking… came
C. were talking… comes D. walk… is coming
42. A young man _____ her while she _____ her work .
A. watched… was finishing B. was watching… finished
C. watched… finished D. was watching… was doing
43. While mother _____ some washing, I ______ a kite for Kate.
A. did… made B. was doing… made
C. was doing… was making D. did… was making
44. I _____ myself French from 7 to 9 yesterday morning. I _____ to work.
A. was teaching… didn’t go B. taught… didn’t go
C. was teaching… went D. taught… went
45. He _____ a model plane when I came to see him.
A. makes B. is making C. was making D. made
46. I ______ a letter at nine last night.
A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. is writing
47. The teacher_____ (give) us a history lesson when Tom walked into the classroom.
A. gave B. is giving C. was given D. was giving
过 去 将 来 时
用法：表示从过去的某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用在宾语从句中
在数轴上的表示：
过去 现在 将来
基本结构： 主语+would +动词原形+其它构成 ,would常简缩为’d ，I’d , you’d , he’d等;would not常简缩为 wouldn’t.[`wudnt]
例句： ① I didn’t know if she would come .
② I wasn’t sure whether he would do it .
③ Wang Lei said that she would visit her uncle next Saturday .
过去将来时也可以用“was( were ) going to +动词原形”来表示。
例句： ① I didn’t know if she was going to come .
② Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Saturday
练习: 1 Lilei said that he ________________ ( be ) a college student .
2 Mr Wang said that he _________________ ( go ) to Beijing next week.
3 He didn’t know if he ____________________ ( play ) football tomorrow .
61. She _____that she _____ her best to help them the next term.
A. says…will do B. said…will do C. said… would do D. says…would do
62. People _____ that the Smiths _____ for a holiday next week.
A. say… will go B. said… will go C. said… would go D. say…would go
63. Nobody _____ us that he _____ even stricter with us
A. tell…will be B. tells…would be C. told…will be D. told…would be
64. Please _____ him that we _____ able to help him.
A. tell…will be B. tells… would be C. told…will be D. told… would be
65. Jack _____ that they _____ surprised to see it this Friday.
A. know… would be B. knows… will be C. knew… would be D. knew… will be
66. I _____to know if Mary_____ by train that afternoon.
A. want… would go B. want… will go C. wanted… would go D. wanted… will go
67. _____ he _____ that they _____ home tomorrow
A. Does… learn… would go B. Does… learn… will go C. Did… learn… would go D. Did… learn… will go
68. We _____ that they _____ a sports meet tomorrow.
A. learn… would have B. have learned… would have C. learn… will have D. have learned… will have
69. ____ you _____ that he _____ his lost son one day
A. Do…think…will find B. Do…thought…would find C. Did…think…will find D. Did…thought…would find
70. I _____ that you _____ good care of her that day.
A. thought…will take B. thought…would take C. think… will take B. think… would take
过 去 完 成 时:
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by ,before 等构成的短语，也可用when ,before 等引导的从句或者通过上下文表示。
在数轴上的表示：
①
②
③
过去的过去 过去 现在 将来
基本结构：主语+had（用于各种人称和数）+过去分词构成
例句： ① We had reached the station before ten o’clock..
② When I got there ,you had already started playing .
③ We did as he had told us .
练习: ① By the end of the match ,they ________ ( score )two goals and we _______ ( score )four .
② He said he ___________________ ( never see )such an exciting match before.
③ By the time we got there , the bus ________ already ________( go ) .
87. He _____ the Army by the end of 1992. He ____ in the army since then.
A. joined,is B. has joined,has been C. had joined,is D. has joined, has been
88. By the time I _____ back they ____ up ten meters.
A. came,have climbed B. came,had climbedC. Come,have climbed D. had come,climbed
89. Jack ____ over five lessons by seven o’clock. Then he____ a test.
A. went…took B. went…had taken C. had gone…took D. had gone…had taken
90. We _____ out by that time that he ____ a thief for a long time.
A. had found…had been B. had found…was C. found…had been D. found…was
91. Before the new _____ him, he ____ to know about it.
A. reaches… has got B. reached…had got C. reached… got D. had reached…got
92. I _____ him a second letter before I _____ from him.
A. wrote… heard B. wrote… had heard C. had written… heard D. have written… hear
+ are/ am + 其它 I am quiet. You are from America.
+ 动词原形+ 宾语+其它 We read English every morning.
+ are/ am +not + 其它 You aren’t from America.
+ don’t +v. +宾语+其它 We don’t read English every morning.
（一般疑问句）
Are/ Am +
Do +
主语
+ 其它 Are you from America
+ V. + 其它 Do you read English every day
+ is + 其它 He is funny. She is in red today.
+ 动词的第三人称单数+ 宾语+其它 He likes apples a lot.
+ is +not+ 其它 He isn’t funny. She isn’t in red today.
+ doesn’t +v. + 宾语+其它 He doesn’t like apples at all.
（一般疑问句）
Is +
Does +
主语
+ 其它 Is he from America
+ V. + 其它 Does Mary read English every day
+ was/were + 其它 It was cold yesterday. They were on duty last week.
+ 动词的过去式+ 宾语+其它 We played soccer last night.
+ was/were+ not + 其它 He wasn’t on duty last week.
+ didn’t + v.+ 宾语+其它 We didn’t play soccer last night.
（一般疑问句）
Was/Were+
Did +
主语
+ 其它 Was it cold last night
+ V. + 其它 Did you play soccer last night
动词过去式
动词过去分词