2020-2021学年高中英语高考语法专题《定语从句》复习课件（75张PPT）

(共75张PPT)
定语从句
ATTRIBUTIVE
CLAUSE
知识准备
什么是定语
用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语、从句。
This
is
a
big
room.
The
windows
of
the
room
are
open.
This
is
the
bike
that
I
bought
yesterday.
定语的位置
This
is
a
flower
basket.
This
is
a
basket
full
of
flowers.
This
is
a
basket
that
I
want
to
put
flowers
in.
什么形式作定语
adj.
n.
num.
pron.
–ing
–ed
to
do,
短语、名词所有格、定语从句
My
brother
bought
me
a
beautiful
dress.
He
works
very
hard
at
his
lessons.
We
belong
to
the
third
world.
Do
you
know
the
man
coming
to
us?
We
must
find
ways
to
work
out
this
problem.
He
is
a
boy
of
not
more
than
seventeen.
The
man
who
is
speaking
to
my
father
is
our
headteacher.
为什么用定语从句
当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，就用短语；如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。
这是我的杯子
This
is
my
cup.
这是装满水的杯子。
This
is
the
cup
full
of
tea.
这是我喝茶用的杯子。
This
is
the
cup
which
I
drink
tea
with.
我认识那个高个子的人。
I
know
the
tall
man.
我认识那个戴眼镜的人。
I
know
the
man
with
a
pair
of
glasses.
我认识你正在找的那个人。
I
know
the
man
whom
you
are
looking
for.
定语从句相当于一个形容词，跟在名词或代词后修饰该名词或代词。
The
girl
who
is
standing
there
is
Mary.
先行词
关系词
概念：
先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词。
关系词：
引导定语从句的词。
关系词作用:
a.
连接句子
b.代指先行词
c.
在从句中做成分
关系代词
关系副词
注意事项:
1.从句的位置:
2.翻译方法:
3.连接词：
先行词
之后
“….的”
关系词
定语从句
The
Restrictive
Attributive
Clause
限制性定语从句
The
Non-Restrictive
Attributive
Clause
非限制性定语从句
基础知识
Attributive
clause:
限制性定语从句
restrictive
非限制性定语从句non-restrictive
是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，
如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从
句和主句关系十分密切，
写时不用逗号分开。
和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，
如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，
写时往往逗号分开。
I
was
the
only
person
who
was
invited
in
my
office
Jenny,
with
whom
I
played
table
tennis
yesterday,
lives
in
my
next
room.
The
man
who
came
here
yesterday
has
come
again.
That
is
Mr.
Wang,
whose
daughter
teaches
English
at
a
middle
school.
注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which.
引导定语从句的关系词
指代人
指代事物
所属关系
指地点
指时间
指原因
who，whom，that
which，that
whose，of
which/whom
where
when
why
关系代词
关系副词
基础知识
关系代词引导的定语从句
先行词和关系代词的种类
先行词
主语
宾语
所有格/定语
人
who,
that
whom
(who),
that
Whose，of
whom
物
which,
that
which,
that
whose,
of
which
Join
the
following
sentences:
A
plane
is
a
machine.
The
machine
can
fly.
关系代词的实质
Join
the
following
sentences:
A
plane
is
a
machine.
The
machine
can
fly.
A
plane
is
can
fly.
关系代词的实质
a
machine
the
machine
Join
the
following
sentences:
A
plane
is
a
machine.
The
machine
can
fly.
A
plane
is
can
fly.
关系代词的实质
a
machine
that
/which
关系代词的实质
Join
the
following
sentences:
The
girl
is
Mary.
We
saw
her
yesterday.
关系代词的实质
Join
the
following
sentences:
The
girl
is
Mary.
We
saw
her
yesterday.
we
saw
yesterday
is
Mary.
her
The
girl
关系代词的实质
Join
the
following
sentences:
The
girl
is
Mary.
We
saw
her
yesterday.
we
saw
yesterday
is
Mary.
her
The
girl
关系代词的实质
Join
the
following
sentences:
The
girl
is
Mary.
We
saw
her
yesterday.
we
saw
yesterday
is
Mary.
her
The
girl
关系代词的实质
Join
the
following
sentences:
The
girl
is
Mary.
We
saw
her
yesterday.
we
saw
yesterday
is
Mary.
her
The
girl
关系代词的实质
Join
the
following
sentences:
The
girl
is
Mary.
We
saw
her
yesterday.
we
saw
yesterday
is
Mary.
her
The
girl
关系代词的实质
Join
the
following
sentences:
The
girl
is
Mary.
We
saw
her
yesterday.
we
saw
yesterday
is
Mary.
her
The
girl
关系代词的实质
Join
the
following
sentences:
The
girl
is
Mary.
We
saw
her
yesterday.
we
saw
yesterday
is
Mary.
her
The
girl
关系代词的实质
Join
the
following
sentences:
The
girl
is
Mary.
We
saw
her
yesterday.
we
saw
yesterday
is
Mary.
that/who/whom
The
girl
注意避免重复
先行词和关系词的关系
A
plane
is
a
machine
that
can
fly.
The
boy
who
broke
the
window
is
called
Tom.
The
boy
whose
parents
are
dead
was
brought
up
by
his
grandfather.
The
school
where
I
study
is
far
from
my
home.
the
machine
=
that
the
boy
=who
the
boy’s
=whose
in
the
school
=
where
关系代词实际上是先行词的复指
关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格
关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词
whose
The
house
is
mine.
The
window
of
the
house
is
broken.
The
house
whose
window
is
broken
is
mine.
whose=the
house’s
window
The
house
is
mine.
the
window
of
which
is
broken
of
which
the
window
is
broken
.that
与which
that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况引导词只用that，不用which
1.Nothing
______
can
be
done
has
been
done.
2.Do
you
have
anything
______
you
don’t
understand
?
先行词是everything,
nothing,
anything,
something,all,
much,
little,
none,
the
one等不定代词，引导定语从句用that
that
that
The
train
is
the
last
that
will
go
to
suzhou.
先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时
This
is
the
best
book
(that)
I’ve
ever
read
This
is
the
most
interesting
film
that
I’ve
ever
seen.
先行词是形容词最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时,引导定语从句用that
。
I’ve
read
all
the
books
that
you
lent
me.
This
is
the
very
book
that
I
want
to
find.
The
only
place
that
we
visited
was
the
Great
Wall.
The
train
is
the
last
that
will
go
to
Suzhou.
先行词被any,
some,
no,
much,
few,
little,
every,
all,
the
very(正是的，恰好的),
the
only,
the
last
修饰时,引导定语从句用that
。
1.The
famous
writer
and
his
works
_____
the
radio
broadcast
have
aroused
great
interest
among
the
students.
2.A
victim
is
a
person,
animal
or
thing
______
suffers
pain,
death,
harm,
etc.
先行词中既有人又有事物时，
引导定语从句用that
.
that
that
Which
is
the
bike
that
you
lost?
主句的主语是疑问词who,
which,
what
时，定语从句用that而不用who,
(whom)和which引导。
当关系代词在从句中作表语时
Mary
is
no
longer
the
girl
(that)
she
used
to
be.
China
is
no
longer
the
country
that
it
used
to
be.
有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用
which,
另外一个用that
They
secretly
built
up
a
small
factory,
which
produced
things
that
could
cause
pollution.
只用which的情况
Which可以引导非限定性定语从句，可用于介词后，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。
This
is
a
house
in
which
lu
xun
once
lived
介词+关系代词的情况
1
The
man
whom
you
spoke
was
a
scientist.
The
city
which
she
lives
is
far
away.
to
in
介词+关系代词的情况
2
The
man
who/whom
you
spoke
was
a
scientist.
The
city
that/which
she
lives
is
far
away.
to
in
Are
these
two
sentences
right?
介词+关系代词的情况
3
The
man
who/whom
you
spoke
was
a
scientist.
The
city
that/which
she
lives
is
far
away.
to
in
Are
these
two
sentences
right?
介词+关系代词的情况
3
The
man
who/whom
you
spoke
was
a
scientist.
The
city
that/which
she
lives
is
far
away.
to
in
Are
these
two
sentences
right?
介词+关系代词的情况
3
The
man
who/whom
you
spoke
was
a
scientist.
The
city
that/which
she
lives
is
far
away.
to
in
×
×
Are
these
two
sentences
right?
可见,who、that
不能用与介词之后
介词+关系代词的情况
4
Is
this
the
watch
that
you
are
looking
for?
The
old
man
whom
I
am
looking
after
is
better
.
在固定短语中介词不能提前
下面两句中的介词能提前吗?
考点四：关系代词前介词的确定
如何选定介词:
1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：
e.g.
Is
that
the
newspaper
for
which
you
often
write
articles?
2.
根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：
e.g.
Can
you
explain
to
me
how
to
use
these
idioms
about
which
I’m
sure.
3.
根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：
e.g.
1949
was
the
year
in
which
the
P.R.C.
was
founded.
4.根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定。
My
parents
bought
me
a
pair
of
glasses
without
which
I
can't
see
clearly.
The
colorless
gas
without
which
we
cannot
live
is
called
oxygen.
5.表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。
The
old
woman
has
two
sons,
both
of
whom
are
doctors.
The
old
woman
has
two
sons
and
both
of
them
are
doctors.
Maria
has
written
two
novels,
both
of
which
have
been
made
into
television
series.
关系代词as
引导的定语从句
关系代词
as既引导限制性定语从句，
也可以引导非限制性定语从句,as在从句中作主语，宾语或表语。
当先行词前由such，so，the
same修饰时，定语从句缺主语、宾语、表语，只能用as
such+n.+as....（像...一样的）
the
same
+n.+as...(和...同样的)
He
knows
as
many
people
as
are
present
at
the
meeting.(做主语)
Such
people
as
you
refer
to
are
rare
nowadays.(做宾语)
He
is
not
the
same
man
as
he
was
10
years
ago.（作表语)
These
houses
are
sold
at
such
a
low
price
as
people
expected.
These
houses
are
sold
at
so
low
a
price
as
people
expected.
such/so....as...中as引导的定语从句和such/so...that...引导的状语从句的区别
He
is
such
a
clever
child
as
everyone
likes.(as引导定语从句充当宾语)
He
is
such
a
clever
child
that
everyone
likes
him.（状语从句that不做成分）
The
teacher
gave
us
so
difficult
a
problem
as
we
couldn't
solve.（定语从句）
The
teacher
gave
us
so
difficult
a
problem
that
we
couldn't
solve
it.（结果状语从句）
考点三：as与which引导的定语从句
※对这两个词作如下归纳：
1、两者都可指代主句的整个内容，which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后；as
引导的定语从句可放在句首或句中，也可放在主句之后
e.g。
A
dog
has
four
legs,
which/as
is
known
to
all.定语从句
As
is
known
to
all,
a
dog
has
four
legs.定语从句
It
is
known
to
all
that
a
dog
has
two
legs.
What
is
known
to
all
is
that
a
dog
has
four
legs.
4.as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如…”之意，而which没有此意思，从句中的动词常是expect,
know,
see,
think,
say,
mention，report等。
He
won
the
match,
as
we
had
expected.
He
agreed
to
the
plan,
as
was
to
be
expected.
As
is
often
the
case,
we
found
that
the
solution
was
detailed.
The
police
were
looking
for
him,
as
he
thought.
考点三：as与which引导的定语从句
5.
as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be
known，be
said，be
reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。
e.g.
She
has
been
late
again,
as
was
expected.
Tom
has
made
great
progress,
which
made
us
happy.
6.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用which.
a.
He
cheated
his
friend
of
much
money,
which
was
very
disgraceful.
b.
He
came
back
late,
which
made
his
mother
worried.
考点三：as与which引导的定语从句
当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中用作时间、地点、原因状语时，应使用关系副词when，where，why或者“介词+which”。关系副词的作用如下：1指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词2.
在从句中充当句子成分----状语，即在从句中起副词的作用3、连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来构成主从复合句。
当关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要有关系副词。
I
still
remember
the
day
when
I
first
came
to
Beijing.
Dou
you
know
the
reason
why
he
is
absent?
Can
you
tell
me
the
office
where
he
works?
关系副词和先行词的关系
I
still
remember
the
day
when
I
came
here.
This
is
the
house
where
I
lived
last
year.
There
are
many
reasons
why
people
like
traveling.
I
don’t
like
the
way
that
you
speak.
on
the
day
=when
in
the
house=
where
for
the
reasons
=why
in
the
way
=that
关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词
关系副词when,
where,
why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,
where=in/on/at…+which,
why=for+which
介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。
eg.
1.
I
won’t
forget
the
date
when(
on
which)
I
was
born.
2.
This
is
the
room
where
(in
which)
I
lived.
=
This
is
the
room
which
I
lived
in.
3.
I
don’t
know
the
reason
why
(for
which)
he
haven’t
come
today.
4.
Tom
still
remembers
the
days
when
(in
which)
they
lived
in
Tianjin.
when引导定语从句的用法
（1）当先行词是表示时间的名词（如time，day,
year,
month,
week等），且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用when引导。（2）when可以换成“介词+which”
Winter
is
the
time
of
year
when
the
days
are
short
while
nights
are
long.
She
is
looking
forward
to
the
day
when(=on
which)
her
daughter
wins
the
gold
medal
in
the
Olympics.
当先行词是表示时间的名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导定语从句，关键看关系词在定语从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中作状语，则用when引导；若关系词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。
Dou
you
still
remember
the
days
that
/which/
we
spent
in
Qingdao?
Dou
you
still
remember
the
days
when
we
spent
the
summer
holidays
in
Qingdao?
where引导定语从句的用法
（1）当先行词是表示具体地点的名词（如place，room，mountain，airport等）或表示抽象地点的名词（如case，state，condition，point，situation等），且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用where引导。
We
have
reached
a
point
where
a
changed
is
needed.
He
gets
into
a
situation
where
it
is
hard
to
decide
what
is
right
or
wrong.
（2）where可以换成“介词+which”
This
is
the
hotel
where
(=
in
which)
they
stayed.
注意：当先行词为地点名词时，如果指代先行词的关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导定语从句。
His
father
works
in
a
factory
which/that
makes
radio
parts?
why引导定语从句的用法
（1）当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why引导，且只能引导限制性定语从句。
（2）why可以用for
which来代替。
This
is
the
reason
why(=for
which）he
left
in
a
hurry.
注意：若代替先行词reason的关系词在定语从句中不做状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导定语从句。
The
reason
that
he
told
me
yesterday
is
a
lie.
思考？
是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?
The
painting
(__________
I
looked)
was
painted
by
me.
at
which
The
book
(______________
I
heard)
was
written
twenty
years
ago.
about
which
The
pen
(____________
she
wrote
that
book)
can
now
be
seen
in
a
museum.
with
which
Kunming
is
a
beautiful
place
_____________
(
flowers
are
seen
all
the
year
round).
where/in
which
I
will
never
forgot
the
day
_____________
I
first
met
you
on
the
ship.
on
which/when
during
which
The
film
(_____________I
fell
asleep)
was
very
boring.
结论：只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语
时，才能用关系副词代替。
关系代词和关系副词的比较
具体的说，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语或定语，而关系副词在从句中作状语。因此在选择关系词时，最重要的是分析一下定语从句中所缺的成分。若从句中缺主语，宾语，表语或定语，那么现在关系代词，若从句中缺状语，那么需用关系副词。
二.五种简单基本句型
主语+谓语+宾语
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
动词
系动词
不及物动词
及物动词
主语+系+表语
主语+谓语
5
when,
where,
why
与that,　which
的区分
１）I’ll
never
forget
the
day
_________
we
first
met
in
the
park.
２）I’ll
never
forget
the
time
________________
I
spent
with
you.
３）I’ll
never
forget
the
time
_____________
was
spent
with
you.
４）This
is
the
museum
_______________I
visited
last
year
.
when
which\that
which\that
which\that
I
want
to
know
the
date
you
were
born.
I
have
forgotten
the
date
you
told
me.
Dou
you
know
the
reason
he
is
absent
today?
That
is
the
reason
I
want
to
know.
This
is
the
factory
his
father
works.
This
is
the
factory
his
father
built.
定语从句中的其他要点
关系代词在从句中作主语时不可省略。
关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词
1
one
of
＋复数名词
＋关系代词
＋复数形式动词
The
Great
Wall
is
one
of
the
would-famous
buildings
that
draw
lots
of
visitors.
The
only
one
of
＋复数名词
＋关系代词
＋
单数形式动词
The
Great
Wall
is
the
only
one
of
the
buildings
on
the
earth
that
is
seen
from
the
moon
定语从句中的动词的数
He
is
the
only
one
in
his
class
who
_______
(have)
got
the
teacher’s
praise
He
is
one
of
the
students
in
his
class
who
_______
(have)
got
the
teacher’s
praise
has
have
关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词
定语从句的辨认与使用
思考步骤：
（1）找出先行词
a.确定关系代词的人称、数和性
b.确定从句位置（一般在先行词之后）
（2）确定关系代词在从句中所担任的成分
以确定关系代词的格
（3）确定从句时态
1.
This
is
the
town
_______
I
was
born.
This
is
the
town
______
I
visited
last
week.
2.
I
will
never
forget
the
day
_____
I
came
to
school.
I
will
never
forget
the
day
______
I
spent
with
you.
3.
This
is
the
reason
____
he
was
late.
This
is
the
reason
____
he
told
me.
where
which
when
which
why
that
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
proper
preps.
This
is
the
book
_____
which
I
spent
5
yuan.
This
is
the
book
_____
which
I
paid
5
yuan.
This
is
the
book
_____
which
we
can
learn
a
lot.
This
is
the
book
_______
which
we
often
talk.
This
is
the
book
_____
which
I
wrote
down
many
notes.
on
for
from
about
in
Correct
the
sentences:
1.
I’m
using
the
pen
which
he
bought
it
yesterday.
2.
Is
that
factory
which
your
father
once
worked
in?
3.
The
man
whom
I
spoke
is
from
Canada.
4.
July
1,1999
is
the
day
when
we’ll
never
forget.
(去掉)
the
one
^
__
^
to
____
which
5.
The
students
and
things
which
you
spoke
of
are
known
to
us.
____
that
5.Einstein
is
such
a
great
scientist
that
we
must
learn
from.
6.
The
student
who’s
book
I
had
borrowed
didn’t
come
to
school
today.
7.
Who
is
the
worker
who
took
some
pictures
of
the
factory.
8.
It
is
the
one
of
the
best
films
which
have
been
shown
recently.
9.The
third
place
which
we
are
going
to
visit
is
Hangzhou
10.Which
is
known
to
all,
many
satellite
are
going
around
in
the
sky.
____
as
_____
Whose
that
____
that
____
____
that
_____
As