中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(
高考阅读理解解题策略指导
)
得阅读者得天下！阅读理解历来都是英语测试的重中之重，阅读恐惧也是每位考生最大的应试恐惧。以总结了“重、定、划、看、防、读”阅读理解六字真诀，希望对阅读理解解题有所启示。
一、“重”——“重文本”
“重文本”。读懂文章最重要。文本是题源所在，如果将考生比作勘探人员，那么文本就是他们的勘探场所。撰题者正式通过对文章的深入剖析，才将一个个地宝藏埋藏其中，让考生去发掘。所以读懂文本不仅是正确解题的第一步，也是最关键的一步。
1、首尾在心，紧扣中心
任何一位作者都会有自己的写作意图，任何一篇文章都会有自己的中心主旨，而能否明晰作者的写作意图，能否把握文章的主旨，是理解一篇文章的关键，也是阅读水平高低的体现。为了考察考生对文章的理解程度和阅读水平，出题者必然会以各种方式对作者的写作意图与文章的主旨要义进行考察。一般来说，文章的主旨经常会被表述在文章的首尾中，首尾既包括文章的首段尾段，又包括每一段的段首句和段尾句。要想快速把握文章中心，文本之首尾段和各段之首尾句是最佳切入点，因此同学们应格外注意它们。
2、学会跳读，心中有图
阅读理解要做到心中既有森林，又有树木，既要统揽全文，又要主次有别。跳读即可用来通读全文，了解大意，又可用来搜寻细节，锁定被考察信息——如此既把握了整体，又不会忽视细节。在跳读时一定不要借用母语翻译，而要通过情景想象、提纲列表、重点连线、简图示意等手段来梳理文章脉络，使之直观化、形象化、具体化。
3、善于猜测词义
各类考试都允许出现3%的超纲词汇，这些词汇往往文中都会给出暗示，考生可以根据上下文来推断他们的意思；有些其后则会紧跟其同位语，直接对其进行解释说明；有的词汇（多数为名词）只需判定它是某类事物即可，比如人名、地名、某类动、植物等等，而无须弄明白其具体意思；有些词真是猜不出意思也不必太在意，因为一、两个词不认识根本不会对文章理解带来障碍，一定不能因之而恐慌，从而影响发挥。对于词义猜测试题中的超纲词，文中肯定会对其进行或解释、或同义、或暗示，只要细心，只要思路开阔，就一定能发现线索，确定其含义。
二、定——“定区间”
“定区间”。就是能够圈定各题答案的范围。出题者一般都是根据文本的某一段，或某一段的某一句，或某一句的某一词，或根据隐藏在字里行间的作者的暗示进行题设。这就要求做题时要进行回想、返查，锁定与问题相关信息的所在区域，为正确解题打基础。这个过程就像捉迷藏一样，要想找到文本中躲藏的“猫猫”，就必须对藏躲“猫猫”的区域谙熟于心，进而准确定位，圈定范围，定能一抓一个准。
三、划——“划根据”
作答时理由要充分，并在文章中划出解题依据。能够在文本中划出解题根据是正确解题的关键，更是阅读理解不丢分的保障，在做阅读理解时要做到“不见根据不做题”。理由充分，根据凿实，这是“不仅知其然，而且知其所以然”的超高境界，是阅读水平提高的最大见证。从这种意义上讲，“划”字诀是“重、定、划、看、防、读”六字真诀之尤为重要者。
四、看——“看转换”
注意同一意思的不同表述（同意转述）。英语语言相当丰富，同一意思会有多种不同表达，以避免语言表述上的单调重复。考试中常见的题型“同意改写”就是考察学生的这一能力的。以句型“决定做某事”为例，英语中就有不下就中表达：
1.
decide
to
do
sth.
2.
make
a
decision
to
do
sth.
3.
determine
to
do
sth.
4.
be
determined
to
do
sth.
5.
make
a
determination
to
do
sth
6.
resolve
to
do
sth.
7.
make
a
resolution
to
do
sth.
8.
make
up
one’s
mind
to
do
sth.
9.
set
one’s
mind
to
do
sth.
出题者设计试题时总会用不同的语言结构对文本中的某些信息进行同意转述。有的转述会很明显，可以一目了然；但也不乏隐含很深的转述
五、防——“防陷井”
锁定是“true”还是“not
true”，辨明形近词。英语阅读中的陷阱设置最常见的有两种，判断对错真假型和词形相近型。对于判断对错真假型，考生做题前一定要认真审题，看准是“true”还是“not
true”，是“right”还是“wrong”，然后才着手解题。对于词形相近型要做只有两个字“细心”，三思而后选。只要细心，此类陷阱就会很容易被识破。归根到底，“防”的主要对象是自己，防止慌张，防止粗心大意，防止那些“想当然”的想法，防止自己的骄傲情绪——只要沉着应对，处处留心，任何陷阱都会被识别发现的。
六、读——“读全项”
做判断时要通读每一题的所有选项，区分鉴别，选择最佳。阅读理解是从三个或四个选项中选出一个最佳选项，解题时考生要通读所有选项，比较鉴别，确定最佳。切不可挑读臆断，匆匆作答。比如做判断对错真假型试题时，选项中会有“一对三错”或“三对一错”，通读全项就会补救误读题干所造成的过失。
一、 “重”——“重文本”，读懂文章最重要。
1、首尾在心，紧扣中心
例如：
What
do
you
want
to
be
when
you
grow
up?
A
teacher?
A
doctor?
How
about
an
ice-cream
taster?
Yes,
there
really
is
a
job
where
you
can
get
paid
to
taste
ice-cream.
Just
ask
John
Harrion,
an
“Official
Taste
Tester”
for
the
past
21
years.
Testing
helps
manufacturers
to
be
sure
of
a
product’s
quality.
During
his
career
Harrison
has
been
responsible
for
approving
large
quantities
of
the
sweet
ice
cream
—
as
well
as
for
developing
over
75
flavors
(味道).
Some
people
think
that
it
would
be
easy
to
do
this
job,
after
all,
you
just
have
to
like
ice
cream,
right?
No
—
there’s
more
to
the
job
than
that,
says
Harrison,
who
has
a
degree
in
chemistry.
He
points
out
that
a
dairy
or
food-science
degree
would
be
very
useful
to
someone
wanting
a
career
in
this
“cool”
field.
In
a
typical
morning
on
the
job,
Harrison
tastes
and
assesses
60
ice-cream
samples.
He
lets
the
ice
cream
warm
up
to
about
12℉.
Harrison
explains,
“You
get
more
flavor
from
warmer
ice
cream,
which
is
why
some
kids
like
to
stir
it,
creating
ice-cream
soup.”
While
the
ice
cream
warms
up,
Harrison
looks
over
the
samples
and
grades
each
one
on
its
appearance.
“Tasting
begins
with
the
eyes,”
he
explains.
He
checks
to
see
if
the
ice
cream
is
attractive
and
asks
himself,
“Does
the
product
have
the
color
expected
from
that
flavor?”
Next
it’s
time
to
taste!
Continuing
to
think
up
new
ideas,
try
out
new
flavors,
and
test
samples
from
so
many
kinds
of
ice
cream
each
day
keeps
Harrison
busy
but
happy
—
working
at
one
cool
job.
65.
What
is
John
Harrison’s
job?
A.
An
official.
B.
An
ice-cream
taster.
C.
A
chemist.
D.
An
ice-cream
manufacturer.
66.
Which
of
the
following
is
probably
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
A.
Tasting
with
Eyes
B.
Flavors
of
Ice
Cream
C.
John
Harrison’s
Life
D.
One
Cool
Job
例如：
Chimps
will
cooperate
in
certain
ways，like
gathering
in
war
parties
to
protect
their
territory.But
beyond
the
minimum
requirements
as
social
beings，they
have
little
instinct(本能)
to
help
one
another.Chimps
in
the
wild
seek
food
for
themselves.Even
chimp
mothers
regularly
decline
to
share
food
with
their
children，who
are
able
from
a
young
age
to
gather
their
own
food.
In
the
laboratory，chimps
don’t
naturally
share
food
either.If
a
chimp
is
put
in
a
cage
where
he
can
pull
in
one
plate
of
food
for
himself
or，with
no
greater
effort，a
plate
that
also
provides
food
for
a
neighbor
in
the
next
cage，he
will
pull
at
random—he
just
doesn’t
care
whether
his
neighbor
gets
fed
or
not.Chimps
are
truly
selfish.
Human
children，on
the
other
hand，are
naturally
cooperative.From
the
earliest
ages，they
desire
to
help
others，to
share
information
and
to
participate
in
achieving
common
goals.The
psychologist
Michael
Tomasello
has
studied
this
cooperativeness
in
a
series
of
experiments
with
very
young
children.He
finds
that
if
babies
aged
18
months
see
an
unrelated
adult
with
hands
full
trying
to
open
a
door，almost
all
will
immediately
try
to
help.
There
are
several
reasons
to
believe
that
the
urges
to
help，inform
and
share
are
not
taught，but
naturally
possessed
in
young
children.One
is
that
these
instincts
appear
at
a
very
young
age
before
most
parents
have
started
to
train
their
children
to
behave
socially.Another
is
that
the
helping
behaviors
are
not
improved
if
the
children
are
rewarded.A
third
reason
is
that
social
intelligence
develops
in
children
before
their
general
cognitive(认知的)skills，at
least
when
compared
with
chimps.In
tests
conducted
by
Tomasello,
the
human
children
did
no
better
than
the
chimps
on
the
physical
world
tests
but
were
considerably
better
at
understanding
the
social
world.
The
core
of
what
children’s
minds
have
and
chimps’
don’t
is
what
Tomasello
calls
shared
intentionality.Part
of
this
ability
is
that
they
can
infer
what
others
know
or
are
thinking.But
beyond
that，even
very
young
children
want
to
be
part
of
a
shared
purpose.They
actively
seek
to
be
part
of
a
“we”,
a
group
that
intends
to
work
toward
a
shared
goal.
60．The
passage
is
mainly
about
__________
.
A.
the
helping
behaviors
of
young
children
B.
ways
to
train
children’s
shared
intentionality
C.
cooperation
as
a
distinctive
human
nature
D.
the
development
of
intelligence
in
children
例如：
Viewing
childhood
development
as
a
scientific
investigation
throws
light
on
how
children
learn，but
it
also
offers
an
inspiring
look
at
science
and
scientists.Why
do
young
children
and
scientists
seem
to
be
so
much
alike?
Psychologists
have
suggested
that
science
as
an
effort—the
desire
to
explore，explain，and
understand
our
world—is
simply
something
that
comes
from
our
babyhood.Perhaps
evolution
provided
human
babies
with
curiosity
and
a
natural
drive
to
explain
their
worlds，and
adult
scientists
simply
make
use
of
the
same
drive
that
served
them
as
children.The
same
cognitive(认知的)
systems
that
make
young
children
feel
good
about
figuring
something
out
may
have
been
adopted
by
adult
scientists.As
some
psychologists
put
it，“It
is
not
that
children
are
little
scientists
but
that
scientists
are
big
children.”
53．What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
last
paragraph?
A．The
world
may
be
more
clearly
explained
through
children’s
play.
B．Studying
babies’
play
may
lead
to
a
better
understanding
of
science.
C．Children
may
have
greater
ability
to
figure
out
things
than
scientists.
D．One’s
drive
for
scientific
research
may
become
stronger
as
he
grows.
学会跳读，心中有图
例如：
Stop
wasting
your
time
thinking
of
reasons
for
your
failures
and
shortcomings.Instead，realize
that
the
seeds
of
success
were
planted
within
you
when
you
were
born.Only
you
have
the
power
to
make
those
seeds
grow.
The
seeds，and
the
power
to
grow
them，are
contained
in
the
human
mind.Success
is
a
choice
and
not
a
chance.You
can
be
a
success
if
only
you
make
the
right
choice.
You
cannot
be
successful
without
first
developing
your
self?esteem．Your
level
of
self?esteem
is
always
based
on
the
degree
of
control
that
you
are
able
to
exercise
over
yourself，and
thus
over
your
life.People
with
low
self?esteem
do
not
believe
that
they
have
any
power，or
responsibility
for
their
lives.They
are
leaves
tossed(摇摆)
by
the
winds
of
chance
blown
about
with
any
sudden
change
in
the
weather.
You
can
exercise
control
over
your
life
only
to
the
degree
that
you
believe
that
you
are
responsible
for
whatever
happens
in
your
life.Failures
think
that
everything
happens
by
accident
while
successful
people
realize
that
they
are
responsible.
Everything
happens
as
a
result
of
something.If
we
can
identify
the
cause，we
can
control
the
effect.We
are
responsible
for
what
we
consciously
choose
to
accept
and
believe.Thoughts
and
beliefs
cause
everything.Our
attitudes
and
actions
are
a
result
of
habits
ingrained
in
us
over
a
period
of
time.One
generally
rises
to
the
level
that
one
expects.We
are
responsible
for
setting
our
expectations.Our
success
depends
upon
our
level
of
confidence.We
are
responsible
for
either
reinforcing(强化)
good
habits
or
kicking
bad
habits
and
consciously
replacing
them
with
consistently
practiced
good
habits.
If
you
associate
with
positive?thinking
people,
you
are
definitely
going
to
achieve
success.On
the
contrary，the
opposite
happens.We
are
responsible
for
finding，planting，and
nurturing(培育)
the
seeds
that
contain
future
victory，born
from
setbacks.
In
short，in
all
areas
of
your
life，whether
they
are
financial，physical，emotional，or
spiritual，you
are
responsible.Once
you
recognize
this，accept
it，and
firmly
believe
it,
you
are
on
the
road
to
success.
1．People
with
low
self?esteem
are
compared
to
leaves
because
they
.
A．are
ready
to
change
their
minds
B．are
easily
affected
by
windy
weather
C．Don’t
have
the
power
to
face
their
fate
D．Can’t
exercise
control
over
themselves
2．Losers
would
think
that
.
A．success
is
the
result
of
hard
work
B．working
hard
will
lead
to
success
C．their
failure
is
only
because
of
bad
luck
D．they
don’t
make
efforts
to
succeed
善于猜测词义
例如：
[1]．..
[2]Do
you
know
what
a
“territory”
is?
A
territory
is
an
area
that
an
animal，usually
the
male，claims
as
its
own.Only
he
and
his
family
are
welcome
there.No
other
families
of
the
same
species
are
welcome.Your
yard
and
house
are
your
territory
where
only
your
family
and
friends
are
welcome.If
a
stranger
should
enter
your
territory
and
threaten
you，you
might
shout.Probably
this
would
be
enough
to
frighten
him
away.
...
What
is
a
bird's
“territory”？
A．A
place
where
families
of
other
species
are
not
accepted.
B．A
place
where
a
bird
may
shout
at
the
top
of
its
voice.
C．An
area
for
which
birds
fight
against
each
other.
D．An
area
which
a
bird
considers
to
be
its
own.
例如：
A
study
involving
8,500
teenagers
from
all
social
backgrounds
found
thai
most
of
them
are
ignorani
when
it
comes
to
money.
The
findings,
the
first
in
a
scries
of
reports
from
NatWesl
that
has
started
a
five-year
research
project
into
teenagers
and
money,
arc
particularly
worrying
as
this
generation
of
young
people
is
likely
to
be
burdened
with
greater
debts
man
any
before.
University
tuition
fees
(学费)
are
currently
capped
at
?3,000
annually,
but
this
will
be
reviewed
next
year
and
the
Government
is
under
enormous
pressure
to
raise
the
ceiling.
...........
..........
73.
The
phrase
"to
raise
the
ceiling"
in
paragraph
2
probably
means
"______".
A.
to
raise
the
student
loans
B.
to
improve
the
school
facilities
C.
to
increase
the
upper
limit
of
the
tuition
D.
to
lift
the
school
building
roofs
例如：
“Get
your
hands
off
me,
I
have
been
stolen,”
the
laptop,
a
portable
computer,
shouted.
That
is
a
new
solution
to
laptop
computer
theft:
a
program
that
lets
owners
give
their
property
a
voice
when
it
has
been
taken.
The
program
allows
users
to
display
alerts
on
the
missing
computer’s
screen
and
even
to
set
a
spoken
message.
Tracking
software
for
stolen
laptops
has
been
on
the
market
for
some
time,
but
this
is
thought
to
be
the
first
that
allows
owners
to
give
the
thief
a
piece
of
their
mind.
...........
..........
72.
The
expression
“to
give
the
thief
a
piece
of
their
mind”
can
be
understood
as
“_______”.
A.
to
give
the
thief
an
alert
mind
B.
to
express
the
owners’
anger
to
the
thief
C.
to
remind
the
thief
of
his
conscience
D.
to
make
the
thief
give
up
his
mind
“定”——“定区间”，圈定各题答案的范围。
例如:
Cara
Lang
is
13.
She
lives
in
Boston,
Massachusetts,
U.
S.
Last
Thursday,
she
didn't
go
to
school.
She
went
to
work
with
her
father
instead.
Every
year,
on
the
fourth
Thursday
in
April,
millions
of
young
girls
go
work.
This
is
Take
Our
Daughters
to
Work
Day.
The
girls
are
between
the
ages
of
9
and
15.
They
spend
the
day
at
work
with
an
adult,
usually
a
mother,
father,
aunt,
or
uncle.
They
go
to
offices,
police
stations,
laboratories,
and
other
places
where
their
parents
or
other
family
members
work.
Next
year,
the
day
will
include
sons,
too.
The
Ms.
Foundation,
an
organization
for
women,
started
the
program
about
ten
years
ago.
In
the
U.S.,
many
women
work
outside
the
home.
The
Ms.
Foundation
wanted
girls
to
find
out
about
many
different
kinds
of
jobs.
Then,
when
the
girls
grow
up,
they
can
choose
a
job
they
like.
Cara's
father
is
a
film
director.
Cara
says,
“It
was
very
exciting
for
me
to
go
to
the
studio
with
my
dad.
I
saw
a
lot
of
people
doing
different
jobs.”
Many
businesses
have
special
activities
for
girls
on
this
day.
Last
year,
Cara
went
to
work
with
her
aunt
at
the
University
of
Massachusetts.
In
the
engineering
department,
the
girls
learned
to
build
a
bridge
with
toothpicks
and
Candy.
In
the
chemistry
department,
they
learned
to
use
scales.
They
learned
about
many
other
kinds
of
jobs,
too.
Right
now,
Cara
does
not
know
what
job
she
will
have
when
she
grows
up.
But
because
of
Take
Our
Daughters
to
Work
Day,
she
knows
she
has
many
choices.
65.
What
is
Cara's
father?
A.
An
engineer.
B.
An
official.
C.
A
movie
maker.
D.
A
professor.
66.
According
to
the
passage,
Take
our
Daughters
to
work
Day
is
______.
A.
on
every
Thursday
in
April
B.
a
holiday
for
girls
of
all
ages
C.
a
day
for
girls
to
know
about
jobs
D.
a
day
for
girls
to
get
a
job
easily
67.
On
this
special
day,
Cara
has
done
all
the
following
EXCEPT
that
____.
A.
she
learned
to
use
scales
B.
she
worked
as
an
actress
C.
she
went
to
work
with
her
aunt
D.
she
used
toothpicks
and
Candy
to
build
a
bridge
68.
What
is
probably
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.
Cara
Lang,
a
Fortunate
Girl
B.
Take
Our
Daughters
to
Work
Day
C.
Children's
Day
and
Work
Day
D.
Ms.
Foundation,
an
Organization
for
Women
三、“划”——“划根据”。作答时理由要充分，并在文章中划出解题依据。
例如:
Are
we
getting
more
stupid?
According
to
Gerald
Crabtree,
a
scientist
at
Stanford
University
in
the
US,
we
are.
You
may
not
want
to
hear
this,
but
Crabtree
believes
that
human
intelligence
reached
its
peak
more
than
2,000
years
ago
and
ever
since
then
has
been
going
downhill.
“If
an
average
Greek
from
1,000
BC
were
transported
to
modern
times,
he
or
she
would
be
one
of
the
brightest
among
us,”
Crabtree
told
The
Guardian.
At
the
heart
of
Crabtree’s
thinking
is
a
simple
idea.
In
the
past,
intelligence
was
critical
for
survival
when
our
ancestors
had
to
avoid
dangerous
animals
and
hunt
for
food.
The
difference
of
being
smart
or
stupid
is
often
life
or
death.
However,
after
the
spread
of
agriculture,
when
our
ancestors
began
to
live
in
dense
farming
communities,
the
need
to
keep
their
intelligence
in
peak
condition
gradually
reduced.
This
is
not
hard
to
understand.
Most
of
the
time,
pressure
is
what
keeps
us
going
–
you
need
the
pressure
from
your
teachers
to
finish
your
homework;
the
pressure
of
looking
pretty
prompts
you
to
lose
weight
when
summer
comes.
And
the
same
is
also
true
of
our
intelligence
–
if
we
think
less,
we
become
less
smart.
These
mutations(变异)
are
harmful
to
our
intelligence
and
they
were
all
developed
in
the
past
3,000
years.
The
other
evidence
that
Crabtree
holds
is
in
our
genes.
He
found
that
among
the
2,000
to
5,000
genes
that
we
have
that
determine
human
intelligence,
there
are
two
or
more
mutations
in
each
of
us.
However,
Crabtree’s
theory
has
been
criticized
by
some
who
say
that
early
humans
may
have
better
hunting
and
surviving
abilities,
but
people
today
have
developed
a
more
diverse
intelligence.
For
example,
spearing
a
tiger
doesn’t
necessarily
require
more
brainpower
than
playing
chess
or
writing
a
poem.
Moreover,
the
power
of
modern
education
means
a
lot
more
people
have
the
opportunity
to
learn
nowadays.
“You
wouldn’t
get
Stephen
Hawking
2,000
years
ago.
He
just
wouldn’t
exist,”
Thomas
Hills
of
the
University
of
Warwick,
UK,
told
Live
Science.
“But
now
we
have
people
of
his
intellectual
capacity
doing
things
and
making
insights
that
we
would
never
have
achieved
in
our
environment
of
evolutionary
adaptation.”
65.
Some
argue
that
Crabtree’s
theory
is
false
because
they
think
_______.
A.
people
today
are
under
much
more
pressure
than
early
humans
B.
it’s
ridiculous
to
compare
a
hunter’s
and
a
poet’s
intelligence
C.
modern
education
is
far
more
advanced
than
ancient
education
D.
human
intelligence
nowadays
is
different
from
that
of
the
distant
past
“看”——“看转换”。注意同一意思的不同表述（同意转述）。
例如:
......
Although
neither
of
the
Adelmans
is
academically
trained
in
literature,
the
programmes,
contain
plenty
of
Shakespeare
tradition
and
background.
Their
workshop
on
Henry
V,
for
example,
includes
a
helpful
explanation
of
Henry’s
winning
strategy
at
the
Battle
of
Agincourt.
But
they
do
come
to
the
text
with
a
few
biases(偏向):
their
reading
of
Henry
V
minimizes
his
misuse
of
power.
Instead,
they
emphasize
the
story
of
the
youth
who
seizes
opportunity
and
becomes
a
masterful
leader.
And
at
the
workshop
on
Caesar,
Mr.
Adelman
had
little
good
to
say
about
Brutus,
saying
“the
noblest
Roman
of
them
all”
couldn’t
make
his
mind
up
about
things.
75.
Why
do
the
Adelmans
conduct
a
workshop
on
Henry
V?
A.
To
highlight
the
importance
of
catching
opportunities.
B.
To
encourage
masterful
leaders
to
plan
strategies
to
win.
C.
To
illustrate
the
harm
of
prejudices
in
management.
D.
To
warn
executives
against
power
misuse.
五、“防”——“防陷井”。锁定是“true”还是“not
true”，辨明形近词。
例如:
West
End
theatre
is
a
popular
term
for
mainstream
professional
theatre
in
London,
or
sometimes
more
specifically
for
shows
staged
in
the
large
theatres
of
London’s
“Theatreland”.
Along
with
New
York’s
Broadway
Theatre,
West
End
theatre
is
usually
considered
to
represent
the
highest
level
of
theatre
in
the
English
speaking
world.
Seeing
a
West
End
show
is
a
common
tourist
activity
in
London.
Total
attendances
broke
the
12
million
in
2002,
and
in
May
and
June
2005.
The
Times
reported
that
this
record
might
be
broken
in
2005.
Factors
behind
high
ticket
sales
in
the
first
half
of
2005
included
new
hit
musicals
such
as
Billy
Elliot,
the
Producers
and
Mary
Poppins
and
the
high
number
of
film
stars
appearing.
Since
the
late
1990s
there
has
been
an
increase
in
the
number
of
American
actors
on
the
London
stage.
London’s
main
theatre
district
is
located
in
the
heart
of
the
West
End
of
the
city
centre.
Renowned
theatre
streets
include
Drury
Lane,
Shaftesbury
Avenue,
and
the
Strand.
This
area
contains
approximately
forty
large
theatres
and
is
often
referred
to
Theatreland.
The
works
staged
are
mainly
musicals,
classic
or
plays,
and
comedy
performances.
Most
of
the
theaters
in
“Theatreland”
are
late
Victorian
of
Edwardian,
and
they
are
privately
owned.
Most
of
them
have
their
own
characteristics
with
a
splendid
past.
On
the
other
hand,
present
audience
will
find
them
not
comfortable
as
the
leg
room
of
the
seat
is
often
cramped
(people
were
smaller
a
hundred
years
ago)
and
audience
facilities
such
as
bars
and
restrooms
are
often
much
smaller
than
those
in
modern
theatres.
The
protected
status
of
the
buildings
and
their
confined
urban
locations,
combined
with
financial
limit,
mean
that
it
is
very
difficult
to
make
through
improvements
to
the
level
of
comfort
offered.
In
2004,
it
was
estimated
that
an
investment
of
￡250
million
was
required
for
modernization,
and
the
theatre
owners
failed
to
request
a
lower
tax
to
help
them
meet
the
costs.
56.
Which
of
the
following
statement
does
not
describe
West
End
theatre
right?
A.
West
End
theatre
refers
to
the
professional
theatre
in
London.
B.
West
End
theatre
is
one
of
the
famous
theatres
in
London.
C.
West
End
theatre
also
refers
to
the
plays
in
the
theatreland
in
London.
D.
Seeing
West
End
theatre
show
is
a
must
for
tourists
to
London.
57.
What
might
not
be
the
reason
for
the
increasing
ticket
sale?
A.
West
End
theatre
often
stages
best
musicals.
B.
West
End
theatre
has
attracted
quite
a
number
of
film
stars.
C.
Theatreland
is
located
in
the
heart
of
the
West
End.
D.
The
facilities
of
traditional
theatres
have
been
improved.
58.
Which
can
you
not
infer
from
the
passage?
A.
Broadway
theatre
also
reflects
the
high
level
of
theatre
in
the
English-speaking
world.
B.
West
End
theatre
came
into
existence
around
100
years
ago.
C.
West
End
theatre
used
to
belong
to
Queen
Victoria
and
King
Edward.
D.The
theatre
owners
did
not
succeed
in
persuading
government
to
reduce
their
tax
to
rebuild
the
theatres.
六、“读”——“读全项”。做判断时要通读每一题的所有选项，区分鉴别，选择最佳。
例如:
You
may
be
surprised
to
learn
that
one
of
the
best
steps
you
can
take
to
protect
your
health
is
to
step
outside
and
spend
some
time
in
the
grass，dirt
and
water.Our
ancestors
enjoyed
the
healing(治愈)
power
of
nature，and
now
scientists
are
starting
to
catch
up.Researchers
have
documented
how
contact
with
nature
can
decrease
mental
tiredness，and
enhance
moods，concentration
and
problem?solving.Just
having
a
view
of
nature
has
been
shown
to
improve
hospital
patients’
recovery
and
reduce
illness
rates.Exposure
to
the
open
air，horseback
riding，hiking
and
camping
can
also
be
helpful
for
a
variety
of
health
conditions
in
adults
and
children.Much
of
this
type
of
research
is
focusing
on
children，and
in
fact
an
entire
movement
has
developed
quickly
to
connect
kids
with
the
healing
power
of
nature.
Obesity.
Rates
of
childhood，adult
obesity
and
related
conditions
including
diabetes(糖尿病)
and
heart
disease
have
grown
greatly
in
recent
years，partly
because
of
reducing
the
time
of
outdoor
activities.This
problem
can
be
partly
addressed
by
increasing
the
time
students
spend
learning
about
nature，both
in
and
outside
the
classroom.Such
lessons
are
more
engaging
to
students
and
often
lead
them
to
become
more
active
outside.
Attention
deficit
hyperactivity
disorder(ADHD)(注意力缺失多动症)．An
exposure
to
ordinary
natural
settings
in
the
course
of
common
after?school
and
weekend
activities
may
be
widely
effective
in
reducing
attention
shortness
symptoms(症状)
in
children.Participation
in
green
activities
helps
ADHD
patients
keep
focused
and
complete
tasks.
Stress.
Access
to
nature，even
houseplants，can
help
children
deal
with
stress.
Depression
and
seasonal
affective
disorder.
Major
depression
requires
medical
treatment，but
physical
activities，especially
those
done
outdoors，can
help
ease
symptoms.Staying
in
the
sunshine
for
just
a
few
minutes
can
also
help
supply
bone?building
vitamin
D．Experts
say
that
simply
walking
in
a
city
park
can
enjoy
nature’s
benefits.
14．The
effects
of
outdoor
activities
include
all
of
the
following
EXCEPT
.
A．helping
children
to
control
stress
B．helping
people
to
increase
the
vitamin
D
level
C．helping
children
to
reduce
the
symptoms
of
ADHD
D．helping
scientists
to
believe
the
healing
power
of
nature
例如:
Researchers
in
the
psychology
department
at
the
University
of
California
at
Los
Angeles
(UCLA)
have
discovered
a
major
difference
in
the
way
men
and
women
respond
to
stress.
This
difference
may
explain
why
men
are
more
likely
to
suffer
from
stress-related
disorders.
Until
now,
psychological
research
has
maintained
that
both
men
and
women
have
the
same
"fight-or-flight"
reaction
to
stress.
In
other
words,
individuals
either
react
with
aggressive
behavior,
such
as
verbal
or
physical
conflict
("fight"),
or
they
react
by
withdrawing
from
the
stressful
situation
("flight").
However,
the
UCLA
research
team
found
that
men
and
women
have
quite
different
biological
and
behavioral
responses
to
stress.
While
men
often
react
to
stress
in
the
fight-or-flight
response,
women
often
have
another
kind
of
reaction
which
could
be
called
"tend
and
befriend."
That
is,
they
often
react
to
stressful
conditions
by
protecting
and
nurturing
their
young
("tend"),
and
by
looking
for
social
contact
and
support
from
others
--
especially
other
females
("befriend").
Scientists
have
long
known
that
in
the
fight-or-flight
reaction
to
stress,
an
important
role
is
played
by
certain
hormones
(澈素)
released
by
the
body.
The
UCLA
research
team
suggests
that
the
female
tend-or-befriend
response
is
also
based
on
a
hormone.
This
hormone,
called
oxytocin,
has
been
studied
in
the
context
of
childbirth,
but
now
it
is
being
studied
for
its
role
in
the
response
of
both
men
and
women
to
stress.
The
principal
investigator,
Dr.
Shelley
E.
Taylor,
explained
that
"animals
and
people
with
high
levels
of
oxytocin
are
calmer,
more
relaxed,
more
social,
and
less
anxious."
While
men
also
secrete(分泌)
oxytocin,
its
effects
are
reduced
by
male
hormones.
73.
Which
of
the
following
is
true
about
oxytocin
according
to
the
passage?
A.
Men
have
the
same
level
of
oxytocin
as
women
do.
B.
Oxytocin
used
to
be
studied
in
both
men
and
women.
C.
Both
animals
and
people
have
high
levels
of
oxytocin.
D.
Oxytocin
has
more
of
an
effect
on
women
than
on
men.
Reading
Comprehension
(A)
Every
New
Year,
many
people
make
promises
to
themselves,
only
to
see
them
fall
by
the
wayside
within
a
few
months,
weeks,
or
even
days.
However,
26-year-old
Luke
Cameron
is
not
among
those
people.
After
losing
a
close
friend
known
for
her
generosity
to
cancer
in
2013,
the
young
man
decided
to
do
at
least
one
good
deed
every
day
for
365
days
and
he
has
not
missed
one
yet.
Cameron
performed
his
first
good
deed
on
January
1st,
2014,
with
the
simple
act
of
greeting
a
waitress
at
a
cafe
he
visited.
The
next
day
he
bought
food
and
drinks
for
some
homeless
people.
Cameron’s
good
small
deeds
have
been
recorded
in
an
online
diary,
like
taking
out
the
garbage
for
an
elderly
neighbor
or
spending
a
few
hours
helping
a
disabled
lady
pick
out
a
dress
for
a
party.
What’s
more,
the
young
man
has
also
spent
close
to
?4000
of
his
own
money,
buying
gifts
for
children
in
need.
Cameron
has
created
a
series
of
some
cards,
which
he
has
called
“Cards
for
Kindness”.
Each
card
suggests
a
simple
act
of
kindness
–
things
like
giving
a
stranger
a
hug
or
making
peace
with
an
enemy,
which
is
to
encourage
others
to
perform
good
deeds.
Cameron’s
generosity
has
not
gone
unnoticed.
To
reward
the
young
man
as
he
nears
the
end
of
his
journey,
pizza
chain
Domino’s
recently
awarded
him
a
year’s
supply
of
free
pizza.
Not
surprisingly,
the
big-hearted
young
man
has
decided
to
use
the
gift
to
hold
special
pizza
days
for
charity.
His
kind
deeds
have
also
won
him
a
competition
for
the
job
of
“National
Philanthropy（慈善事业）Manager”.
1.
What
made
Cameron
determined
to
do
good
deeds
every
day?
A.
The
need
of
a
competition.
B.
The
requirement
of
his
job.
C.
The
death
of
a
close
friend.
D.
The
influence
of
his
families.
2.
What
is
the
second
paragraph
mainly
about?
A.
The
influence
of
simple
acts
of
kindness.
B.
The
good
things
that
Cameron
has
done.
C.
The
importance
of
having
close
friends.
D.
The
awards
that
Cameron
has
received.
3.
Why
did
Cameron
create
“Cards
for
Kindness”?
A.
To
record
his
good
deeds.
B.
To
make
peace
with
an
enemy.
C.
To
raise
money
for
some
charities.
D.
To
encourage
people
to
show
kindness.
4.
Which
of
the
following
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
No
Pains,
No
Gains
B.
The
Power
of
Dreams
C.
A
Good
Deed
Every
Day
D.
The
Best
Man
in
Britain
(B)
There
are
thirty-four
bridges
on
the
Thames
River
in
London,
the
following
are
among
the
most
famous
ones.
Tower
Bridge
Tower
Bridge
has
stood
over
the
River
Thames
in
London
since
1894
and
is
one
of
the
finest,
most
recognizable
bridges
in
the
World.
It
is
the
bridge
in
London
you
may
see
in
movies
and
on
advertising
writing
for
London.
Tower
Bridge
is
the
only
Thames
Bridge
that
can
be
raised.
It
used
to
be
raised
about
50
times
a
day,
but
nowadays
it
is
only
raised
4
to
5
times
a
week.
London
Bridge
The
construction
of
the
first
stone
London
Bridge
started
in
1176
and
finished
years
later.
Houses
and
shops
were
once
built
on
the
bridge,
which
made
the
road
so
narrow
that
it
was
often
jammed
with
people,
horses
and
carts.
A
‘keep
left’
rule
was
made
in
1733
to
keep
the
traffic
moving.
This
became
the
rule
of
the
road
in
Britain.
In
1757
the
old
bridge
was
pulled
down
and
a
new
one
was
built
in
1831.
Interestingly,
that
one
was
pulled
down
again
in
1967
but
rebuilt
in
Lake
Havasu
City,
USA,
as
a
tourist
attraction.
The
present
London
Bridge
was
opened
in
1973.
Millennium
Bridge
The
Millennium
Bridge
is
a
bridge
for
walkers.
It
was
built
to
connect
the
Tate
Modern
Art
Gallery
to
the
City
and
St
Paul’s
Cathedral
(圣保罗大教堂)
in
2000.
Thousands
of
people
rushed
to
see
the
new
bridge.
Almost
immediately
after
opening,
the
bridge
had
to
be
shut
because
of
the
dangerous
waving
caused
by
too
many
visitors.
It
has
now
been
reopened.
The
bridge
is
about
320
meters,
costs
16
million
pounds
to
build
and
only
takes
walkers.
Westminster
Bridge
Westminster
Bridge
is
a
road
and
foot
traffic
bridge
over
the
River
Thames
between
Westminster
and
Lambeth.
The
present
bridge,
opened
in
1862,
is
the
second
on
the
site
and
took
the
place
of
an
earlier
bridge
opened
in
1750.
The
British
romantic
poet,
William
Wordsworth,
wrote
a
famous
poem
“Composed
Upon
Westminster
Bridge”
in
the
autumn
of
1802.
Want
to
know
more
about
the
bridges
on
the
Thames
River?
Click
here
www.bridgesinbritain.com.
5.
Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
TRUE
according
to
the
passage?
A.
The
1831
London
Bridge
is
now
in
the
USA.
B.
Tower
Bridge
is
much
less
frequently
lifted
today
than
before.
C.
Cars
and
buses
are
not
allowed
to
cross
Millennium
Bridge.
D.
Westminster
Bridge
is
for
walkers
only.
6.
The
Passage
is
most
probably
taken
from
a
________.
A.
school
report
B.
website
article
C.
teenage
magazine
D.
science
fiction
7.
What
can
we
learn
from
the
passage?
A.
William
Wordsworth
wrote
many
poems
of
the
bridges
on
the
Thames
River.
B.
Millennium
Bridge
wasn’t
built
strong
enough
so
that
it
had
to
be
pulled
down
and
rebuilt.
C.
That
all
the
traffic
is
kept
left
in
Britain
was
from
a
rule
of
an
old
London
Bridge.
D.
Tower
Bridge
is
the
symbol
of
London
because
it
is
the
first
bridge
on
the
Thames
River.
(C)
A
team
of
engineers
at
Harvard
University
has
been
inspired
by
Nature
to
create
the
first
robotic
fly.
The
mechanical
fly
has
become
a
platform
for
a
series
of
new
high-tech
integrated
systems.
Designed
to
do
what
a
fly
does
naturally,
the
tiny
machine
is
the
size
of
a
fat
housefly.
Its
mini
wings
allow
it
to
stay
in
the
air
and
perform
controlled
flight
tasks.
“It’s
extremely
important
for
us
to
think
about
this
as
a
whole
system
and
not
just
the
sum
of
a
bunch
of
individual
components
(元件),”
said
Robert
Wood,
the
Harvard
engineering
professor
who
has
been
working
on
the
robotic
fly
project
for
over
a
decade.
A
few
years
ago,
his
team
got
the
go-ahead
to
start
piecing
together
the
components.
“The
added
difficulty
with
a
project
like
this
is
that
actually
none
of
those
components
are
off
the
shelf
and
so
we
have
to
develop
them
all
on
our
own,”
he
said.
They
engineered
a
series
of
systems
to
start
and
drive
the
robotic
fly.
“The
seemingly
simple
system
which
just
moves
the
wings
has
a
number
of
interdependencies
on
the
individual
components,
each
of
which
individually
has
to
perform
well,
but
then
has
to
be
matched
well
to
everything
it’s
connected
to,”
said
Wood.
The
flight
device
was
built
into
a
set
of
power,
computation,
sensing
and
control
systems.
Wood
says
the
success
of
the
project
proves
that
the
flying
robot
with
these
tiny
components
can
be
built
and
manufactured.
While
this
first
robotic
flyer
is
linked
to
a
small,
off-board
power
source,
the
goal
is
eventually
to
equip
it
with
a
built-in
power
source,
so
that
it
might
someday
perform
data-gathering
work
at
rescue
sites,
in
farmers’
fields
or
on
the
battlefield.
“Basically
it
should
be
able
to
take
off,
land
and
fly
around,”
he
said.
Wood
says
the
design
offers
a
new
way
to
study
flight
mechanics
and
control
at
insect-scale.
Yet,
the
power,
sensing
and
computation
technologies
on
board
could
have
much
broader
applications.
“You
can
start
thinking
about
using
them
to
answer
open
scientific
questions,
you
know,
to
study
biology
in
ways
that
would
be
difficult
with
the
animals,
but
using
these
robots
instead,”
he
said.
“So
there
are
a
lot
of
technologies
and
open
interesting
scientific
questions
that
are
really
what
drives
us
on
a
day
to
day
basis.”
8.
The
difficulty
the
team
of
engineers
met
with
while
making
the
robotic
fly
was
that
________.
A.
they
had
no
model
in
their
mind
B.
they
did
not
have
sufficient
time
C.
they
had
no
ready-made
components
D.
they
could
not
assemble
the
components
9.
It
can
be
inferred
from
paragraphs
3
and
4
that
the
robotic
fly
________.
A.
consists
of
a
flight
device
and
a
control
system
B.
can
just
fly
in
limited
areas
at
the
present
time
C.
can
collect
information
from
many
sources
D.
has
been
put
into
wide
application
10.
Which
of
the
following
can
be
learned
from
the
passage?
A.
The
robotic
flyer
is
designed
to
learn
about
insects.
B.
Animals
are
not
allowed
in
biological
experiments.
C.
There
used
to
be
few
ways
to
study
how
insects
fly.
D.
Wood’s
design
can
replace
animals
in
some
experiments.
11.
Which
of
the
following
might
be
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
A.
Father
of
Robotic
Fly
B.
Inspiration
from
Engineering
Science
C.
Robotic
Fly
Imitates
Real
Life
Insect
D.
Harvard
Breaks
Through
in
Insect
Study
(D)
Traditional
surgical
procedures
require
surgeons
to
make
large
incisions(伤口)
in
a
patient’s
body
in
order
to
gain
access
to
the
internal
organs.
It
was
once
common
for
heart
surgeons,
who
perform
highly
specialized
and
complex
procedures,
to
make
long
incisions
in
a
patient’s
chest
and
then
split
the
breastbone
to
reach
the
heart.
Patients
who
undergo
surgery
are
often
at
the
risk
of
infection,
as
bacteria
can
infect
the
cut
in
the
skin.
In
addition,
there
is
often
a
lengthy
recovery
period.
A
surgical
technique
known
as
“keyhole
surgery”
has
become
more
common
in
recent
years.
In
general,
the
surgeon
will
make
a
couple
of
small
incisions
around
the
area
where
the
operation
is
going
to
be
performed.
Tubes
are
pushed
into
the
holes,
and
a
tiny
camera,
which
is
called
an
endoscope,
is
put
into
the
body.
The
camera
is
attached
to
a
large
monitor
screen
that
is
positioned
so
that
the
doctor
can
see
it
while
he
performs
the
operation.
In
addition
to
the
camera,
doctors
also
push
their
tiny
surgical
instruments
through
the
tubes.
The
awkward
part
of
keyhole
surgery
is
that
it
is
counterintuitive;
that
is
to
say,
if
a
surgeon
wants
to
move
the
tool
to
the
left,
he
or
she
must
push
it
to
the
right.
Other
advancements
in
technology
are
also
being
used
today
in
the
OR
(operation
room).
A
new
machine
called
the
“da
Vinci
Surgical
System”
has
been
tested
in
hospitals
in
the
U.S..
Unlike
keyhole
surgery,
the
da
Vinci’s
robot’s
moving
parts
are
designed
to
imitate
the
natural
hand
and
wrist
movement
of
a
surgeon,
thus
providing
better
control
and
sensitivity.
The
system
is
controlled
by
a
surgeon
from
a
console(控制台).
Sitting
at
a
console
a
few
feet
from
the
patient,
the
surgeon
can
perform
an
operation
by
holding
and
moving
highly
sensitive
pads
that
enable
him
or
her
to
control
the
instruments.
The
area
of
the
body
on
which
the
surgeon
is
working
is
enlarged
on
a
screen,
which
is
attached
to
the
console.
This
gives
surgeons
a
realistic
three-dimensional
view
of
the
area
—
similar
to
what
they
would
see
during
a
traditional
surgical
procedure.
Although
the
da
Vinci
Surgical
System
is
undergoing
some
trials
for
some
procedures,
it
has
been
welcomed
as
revolutionary
by
many
surgeons.
Patients
with
serious
illnesses
must
still
undergo
major
surgery,
but
the
smaller
incisions
and
less
invasive
procedures
typically
mean
that
a
shorter
recovery
time
is
needed.
In
some
cases,
the
patient’s
stay
in
the
hospital
has
been
cut
in
half
when
the
da
Vinci
Surgical
System
was
used.
On
the
downside,
some
operations
have
taken
up
to
fifty
minutes
longer
because
surgeons
are
inexperienced
at
using
the
new
technology.
As
surgeons
become
more
familiar
with
the
machines,
the
time
needed
for
surgical
procedures
is
likely
to
decrease.
12.
What
can
be
learned
about
the
traditional
surgery
according
to
the
passage?
A.
The
cost
of
the
traditional
surgery
is
very
high.
B.
It
often
leaves
a
large
wound
in
a
person’s
body.
C.
Long
incisions
are
made
in
a
patient’s
chest.
D.
The
incision
is
often
infected
after
the
operation.
13.
Which
of
the
following
is
one
DISADVANTAGE
of
keyhole
surgery?
A.
It
requires
the
use
of
long,
thin
tools
and
a
tiny
camera.
B.
The
doctor
can
not
view
the
inside
of
the
patient’s
body
clearly.
C.
The
direction
in
which
a
doctor
moves
the
surgical
tools
is
reversed.
D.
An
endoscope
has
to
be
inserted
into
the
patient’s
body
in
advance.
14.
The
da
Vinci
Surgical
System
differs
from
keyhole
surgery
in
that
_______.
A.
requires
that
a
surgeon
make
more
small
incisions
on
a
patient
B.
reduces
the
amount
of
time
it
takes
to
perform
a
surgical
procedure
C.
allows
the
surgeon
to
use
the
surgical
instruments
more
sensitively
D.
eliminates
the
need
for
surgeons
to
make
large
incisions
on
patients
15.
The
passage
mainly
tells
the
reader
________.
A.
the
challenges
brought
about
by
new
technology
B.
the
benefits
and
drawbacks
of
the
da
Vinci
Surgical
System
C.
the
reflections
on
the
development
in
medical
science
D.
the
application
of
new
technologies
in
modern
surgery
(E)
To
be
really
happy
and
really
safe,
one
ought
to
have
at
least
two
or
three
hobbies,
and
they
must
all
be
real.
It
is
no
use
starting
late
in
life
to
say
“I
will
take
an
interest
in
this
or
that.”
Such
an
attempt
only
aggravates
the
strain
of
mental
effort.
A
man
may
acquire
great
knowledge
of
topics
unconnected
with
his
daily
work,
and
yet
hardly
get
any
benefit
or
relief.
It
is
no
use
doing
what
you
like;
you
have
got
to
like
what
you
do.
Broadly
speaking,
human
beings
may
be
divided
into
three
classes:
those
who
are
toiled
to
death,
those
who
are
worried
to
death
and
those
who
are
bored
to
death.
It
is
no
use
offering
the
manual
labourer,
tired
out
with
a
hard
week’s
sweat
and
effort,
the
chance
of
playing
a
game
of
football
or
baseball
on
Saturday
afternoon.
It
is
no
use
inviting
the
politician
or
the
professional
or
business
man,
who
has
been
working
or
worrying
about
serious
things
for
six
days,
to
work
or
worry
about
trifling
things
at
the
weekend.
As
for
the
unfortunate
people
who
can
command
everything
they
want,
who
can
gratify
every
caprice
and
lay
their
hands
on
almost
every
object
of
desire
—
for
them
a
new
pleasure,
a
new
excitement
is
only
an
additional
satiation.
In
vain
they
rush
frantically
round
from
place
to
place,
trying
to
escape
from
the
avenging
boredom
by
mere
clatter
and
motion.
For
them
discipline
in
one
form
or
another
is
the
most
hopeful
path.
It
may
also
be
said
that
rational,
industrious,
useful
human
beings
are
divided
into
two
classes:
first,
those
whose
work
is
work
and
whose
pleasure
is
pleasure;
and
secondly,
those
whose
work
and
pleasure
are
one.
Of
these
the
former
are
the
majority.
They
have
their
compensations.
The
long
hours
in
the
office
or
the
factory
bring
with
them
as
their
reward,
not
only
the
means
of
sustenance,
but
a
keen
appetite
for
pleasure
even
in
its
simplest
and
most
modest
forms.
But
Fortune’s
favoured
children
belong
to
the
second
class.
Their
life
is
a
natural
harmony.
For
them
the
working
hours
are
never
long
enough.
Each
day
is
a
holiday,
and
ordinary
holidays
when
they
come
are
grudged
as
enforced
interruptions
in
an
absorbing
vocation.
Yet
to
both
classes
the
need
of
an
alternative
outlook,
of
a
change
of
atmosphere,
of
a
diversion
of
effort,
is
essential.
Indeed,
it
may
well
be
that
those
whose
work
is
their
pleasure
are
those
who
most
need
the
means
of
banishing
it
at
intervals
from
their
mind.
16.
What
does
“are
toiled”
in
the
2nd
paragraph
mean?
A.
have
hobbies
B.
feel
pleased
C.
work
very
hard
D.
are
busy
17.
Which
is
NOT
true
based
on
the
first
two
paragraphs?
A.
Being
late
in
life
to
attempt
to
cultivate
hobbies
adds
to
mental
stress.
B.
Great
knowledge
irrelevant
to
the
daily
work
can’t
guarantee
benefit.
C.
Those
tired
out
for
a
week’s
labour
are
reluctant
to
play
football
on
weekends.
D.
Unfortunate
people
need
discipline
to
help
them
build
up
hope.
18.
For
those
whose
work
is
work
and
whose
pleasure
is
pleasure,
they
______.
A.
are
very
willing
to
work
long
hours
in
the
office
or
the
factory
B.
earn
a
large
amount
of
money
due
to
their
hard
work
for
a
long
time
C.
are
keen
to
enjoy
the
pleasure
when
they
are
off
duty
D.
usually
enjoy
themselves
in
the
simplest
and
most
modest
forms
19.
Which
statement
will
the
author
agree
with
according
to
the
3rd
paragraph?
A.
The
first
class
are
lazy
and
the
second
class
are
bound
to
succeed.
B.
The
second
class
never
need
holidays
because
their
life
is
harmonious.
C.
The
minority
are
more
favoured
by
fortune
because
they
never
stop
working.
D.
One
really
needs
alternation
for
a
change
in
order
to
work
better.
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(
高考阅读理解解题策略指导
)
得阅读者得天下！阅读理解历来都是英语测试的重中之重，阅读恐惧也是每位考生最大的应试恐惧。以总结了“重、定、划、看、防、读”阅读理解六字真诀，希望对阅读理解解题有所启示。
一、“重”——“重文本”
“重文本”。读懂文章最重要。文本是题源所在，如果将考生比作勘探人员，那么文本就是他们的勘探场所。撰题者正式通过对文章的深入剖析，才将一个个地宝藏埋藏其中，让考生去发掘。所以读懂文本不仅是正确解题的第一步，也是最关键的一步。
1、首尾在心，紧扣中心
任何一位作者都会有自己的写作意图，任何一篇文章都会有自己的中心主旨，而能否明晰作者的写作意图，能否把握文章的主旨，是理解一篇文章的关键，也是阅读水平高低的体现。为了考察考生对文章的理解程度和阅读水平，出题者必然会以各种方式对作者的写作意图与文章的主旨要义进行考察。一般来说，文章的主旨经常会被表述在文章的首尾中，首尾既包括文章的首段尾段，又包括每一段的段首句和段尾句。要想快速把握文章中心，文本之首尾段和各段之首尾句是最佳切入点，因此同学们应格外注意它们。
2、学会跳读，心中有图
阅读理解要做到心中既有森林，又有树木，既要统揽全文，又要主次有别。跳读即可用来通读全文，了解大意，又可用来搜寻细节，锁定被考察信息——如此既把握了整体，又不会忽视细节。在跳读时一定不要借用母语翻译，而要通过情景想象、提纲列表、重点连线、简图示意等手段来梳理文章脉络，使之直观化、形象化、具体化。
3、善于猜测词义
各类考试都允许出现3%的超纲词汇，这些词汇往往文中都会给出暗示，考生可以根据上下文来推断他们的意思；有些其后则会紧跟其同位语，直接对其进行解释说明；有的词汇（多数为名词）只需判定它是某类事物即可，比如人名、地名、某类动、植物等等，而无须弄明白其具体意思；有些词真是猜不出意思也不必太在意，因为一、两个词不认识根本不会对文章理解带来障碍，一定不能因之而恐慌，从而影响发挥。对于词义猜测试题中的超纲词，文中肯定会对其进行或解释、或同义、或暗示，只要细心，只要思路开阔，就一定能发现线索，确定其含义。
二、定——“定区间”
“定区间”。就是能够圈定各题答案的范围。出题者一般都是根据文本的某一段，或某一段的某一句，或某一句的某一词，或根据隐藏在字里行间的作者的暗示进行题设。这就要求做题时要进行回想、返查，锁定与问题相关信息的所在区域，为正确解题打基础。这个过程就像捉迷藏一样，要想找到文本中躲藏的“猫猫”，就必须对藏躲“猫猫”的区域谙熟于心，进而准确定位，圈定范围，定能一抓一个准。
三、划——“划根据”
作答时理由要充分，并在文章中划出解题依据。能够在文本中划出解题根据是正确解题的关键，更是阅读理解不丢分的保障，在做阅读理解时要做到“不见根据不做题”。理由充分，根据凿实，这是“不仅知其然，而且知其所以然”的超高境界，是阅读水平提高的最大见证。从这种意义上讲，“划”字诀是“重、定、划、看、防、读”六字真诀之尤为重要者。
四、看——“看转换”
注意同一意思的不同表述（同意转述）。英语语言相当丰富，同一意思会有多种不同表达，以避免语言表述上的单调重复。考试中常见的题型“同意改写”就是考察学生的这一能力的。以句型“决定做某事”为例，英语中就有不下就中表达：
1.
decide
to
do
sth.
2.
make
a
decision
to
do
sth.
3.
determine
to
do
sth.
4.
be
determined
to
do
sth.
5.
make
a
determination
to
do
sth
6.
resolve
to
do
sth.
7.
make
a
resolution
to
do
sth.
8.
make
up
one’s
mind
to
do
sth.
9.
set
one’s
mind
to
do
sth.
出题者设计试题时总会用不同的语言结构对文本中的某些信息进行同意转述。有的转述会很明显，可以一目了然；但也不乏隐含很深的转述
五、防——“防陷井”
锁定是“true”还是“not
true”，辨明形近词。英语阅读中的陷阱设置最常见的有两种，判断对错真假型和词形相近型。对于判断对错真假型，考生做题前一定要认真审题，看准是“true”还是“not
true”，是“right”还是“wrong”，然后才着手解题。对于词形相近型要做只有两个字“细心”，三思而后选。只要细心，此类陷阱就会很容易被识破。归根到底，“防”的主要对象是自己，防止慌张，防止粗心大意，防止那些“想当然”的想法，防止自己的骄傲情绪——只要沉着应对，处处留心，任何陷阱都会被识别发现的。
六、读——“读全项”
做判断时要通读每一题的所有选项，区分鉴别，选择最佳。阅读理解是从三个或四个选项中选出一个最佳选项，解题时考生要通读所有选项，比较鉴别，确定最佳。切不可挑读臆断，匆匆作答。比如做判断对错真假型试题时，选项中会有“一对三错”或“三对一错”，通读全项就会补救误读题干所造成的过失。
一、 “重”——“重文本”，读懂文章最重要。
1、首尾在心，紧扣中心
例如：
What
do
you
want
to
be
when
you
grow
up?
A
teacher?
A
doctor?
How
about
an
ice-cream
taster?
Yes,
there
really
is
a
job
where
you
can
get
paid
to
taste
ice-cream.
Just
ask
John
Harrion,
an
“Official
Taste
Tester”
for
the
past
21
years.
Testing
helps
manufacturers
to
be
sure
of
a
product’s
quality.
During
his
career
Harrison
has
been
responsible
for
approving
large
quantities
of
the
sweet
ice
cream
—
as
well
as
for
developing
over
75
flavors
(味道).
Some
people
think
that
it
would
be
easy
to
do
this
job,
after
all,
you
just
have
to
like
ice
cream,
right?
No
—
there’s
more
to
the
job
than
that,
says
Harrison,
who
has
a
degree
in
chemistry.
He
points
out
that
a
dairy
or
food-science
degree
would
be
very
useful
to
someone
wanting
a
career
in
this
“cool”
field.
In
a
typical
morning
on
the
job,
Harrison
tastes
and
assesses
60
ice-cream
samples.
He
lets
the
ice
cream
warm
up
to
about
12℉.
Harrison
explains,
“You
get
more
flavor
from
warmer
ice
cream,
which
is
why
some
kids
like
to
stir
it,
creating
ice-cream
soup.”
While
the
ice
cream
warms
up,
Harrison
looks
over
the
samples
and
grades
each
one
on
its
appearance.
“Tasting
begins
with
the
eyes,”
he
explains.
He
checks
to
see
if
the
ice
cream
is
attractive
and
asks
himself,
“Does
the
product
have
the
color
expected
from
that
flavor?”
Next
it’s
time
to
taste!
Continuing
to
think
up
new
ideas,
try
out
new
flavors,
and
test
samples
from
so
many
kinds
of
ice
cream
each
day
keeps
Harrison
busy
but
happy
—
working
at
one
cool
job.
65.
What
is
John
Harrison’s
job?
A.
An
official.
B.
An
ice-cream
taster.
C.
A
chemist.
D.
An
ice-cream
manufacturer.
66.
Which
of
the
following
is
probably
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
A.
Tasting
with
Eyes
B.
Flavors
of
Ice
Cream
C.
John
Harrison’s
Life
D.
One
Cool
Job
【答案】B
D
【解析】本文讲述社会上出现的一种很酷的工作（cool
job）—
冰淇淋调味师。根据文章首尾段，可以很快锁定答案。
例如：
Chimps
will
cooperate
in
certain
ways，like
gathering
in
war
parties
to
protect
their
territory.But
beyond
the
minimum
requirements
as
social
beings，they
have
little
instinct(本能)
to
help
one
another.Chimps
in
the
wild
seek
food
for
themselves.Even
chimp
mothers
regularly
decline
to
share
food
with
their
children，who
are
able
from
a
young
age
to
gather
their
own
food.
In
the
laboratory，chimps
don’t
naturally
share
food
either.If
a
chimp
is
put
in
a
cage
where
he
can
pull
in
one
plate
of
food
for
himself
or，with
no
greater
effort，a
plate
that
also
provides
food
for
a
neighbor
in
the
next
cage，he
will
pull
at
random—he
just
doesn’t
care
whether
his
neighbor
gets
fed
or
not.Chimps
are
truly
selfish.
Human
children，on
the
other
hand，are
naturally
cooperative.From
the
earliest
ages，they
desire
to
help
others，to
share
information
and
to
participate
in
achieving
common
goals.The
psychologist
Michael
Tomasello
has
studied
this
cooperativeness
in
a
series
of
experiments
with
very
young
children.He
finds
that
if
babies
aged
18
months
see
an
unrelated
adult
with
hands
full
trying
to
open
a
door，almost
all
will
immediately
try
to
help.
There
are
several
reasons
to
believe
that
the
urges
to
help，inform
and
share
are
not
taught，but
naturally
possessed
in
young
children.One
is
that
these
instincts
appear
at
a
very
young
age
before
most
parents
have
started
to
train
their
children
to
behave
socially.Another
is
that
the
helping
behaviors
are
not
improved
if
the
children
are
rewarded.A
third
reason
is
that
social
intelligence
develops
in
children
before
their
general
cognitive(认知的)skills，at
least
when
compared
with
chimps.In
tests
conducted
by
Tomasello,
the
human
children
did
no
better
than
the
chimps
on
the
physical
world
tests
but
were
considerably
better
at
understanding
the
social
world.
The
core
of
what
children’s
minds
have
and
chimps’
don’t
is
what
Tomasello
calls
shared
intentionality.Part
of
this
ability
is
that
they
can
infer
what
others
know
or
are
thinking.But
beyond
that，even
very
young
children
want
to
be
part
of
a
shared
purpose.They
actively
seek
to
be
part
of
a
“we”,
a
group
that
intends
to
work
toward
a
shared
goal.
60．The
passage
is
mainly
about
__________
.
A.
the
helping
behaviors
of
young
children
B.
ways
to
train
children’s
shared
intentionality
C.
cooperation
as
a
distinctive
human
nature
D.
the
development
of
intelligence
in
children
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题，从文章首段及尾段即推断。本文属于科普说明文，作者从猩猩的自私行为导入到人类无私帮助他人的本能，分析了人类具有愿意帮助他人、愿意与他人合作的本能的原因。
例如：
Viewing
childhood
development
as
a
scientific
investigation
throws
light
on
how
children
learn，but
it
also
offers
an
inspiring
look
at
science
and
scientists.Why
do
young
children
and
scientists
seem
to
be
so
much
alike?
Psychologists
have
suggested
that
science
as
an
effort—the
desire
to
explore，explain，and
understand
our
world—is
simply
something
that
comes
from
our
babyhood.Perhaps
evolution
provided
human
babies
with
curiosity
and
a
natural
drive
to
explain
their
worlds，and
adult
scientists
simply
make
use
of
the
same
drive
that
served
them
as
children.The
same
cognitive(认知的)
systems
that
make
young
children
feel
good
about
figuring
something
out
may
have
been
adopted
by
adult
scientists.As
some
psychologists
put
it，“It
is
not
that
children
are
little
scientists
but
that
scientists
are
big
children.”
53．What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
last
paragraph?
A．The
world
may
be
more
clearly
explained
through
children’s
play.
B．Studying
babies’
play
may
lead
to
a
better
understanding
of
science.
C．Children
may
have
greater
ability
to
figure
out
things
than
scientists.
D．One’s
drive
for
scientific
research
may
become
stronger
as
he
grows.
【答案】B
【解析】段落大意题。根据本段内容尤其是第一句可知，本段主要讲“研究孩子的游戏可以让人们更好地理解科学”，故选B。
学会跳读，心中有图
例如：
Stop
wasting
your
time
thinking
of
reasons
for
your
failures
and
shortcomings.Instead，realize
that
the
seeds
of
success
were
planted
within
you
when
you
were
born.Only
you
have
the
power
to
make
those
seeds
grow.
The
seeds，and
the
power
to
grow
them，are
contained
in
the
human
mind.Success
is
a
choice
and
not
a
chance.You
can
be
a
success
if
only
you
make
the
right
choice.
You
cannot
be
successful
without
first
developing
your
self?esteem．Your
level
of
self?esteem
is
always
based
on
the
degree
of
control
that
you
are
able
to
exercise
over
yourself，and
thus
over
your
life.People
with
low
self?esteem
do
not
believe
that
they
have
any
power，or
responsibility
for
their
lives.They
are
leaves
tossed(摇摆)
by
the
winds
of
chance
blown
about
with
any
sudden
change
in
the
weather.
You
can
exercise
control
over
your
life
only
to
the
degree
that
you
believe
that
you
are
responsible
for
whatever
happens
in
your
life.Failures
think
that
everything
happens
by
accident
while
successful
people
realize
that
they
are
responsible.
Everything
happens
as
a
result
of
something.If
we
can
identify
the
cause，we
can
control
the
effect.We
are
responsible
for
what
we
consciously
choose
to
accept
and
believe.Thoughts
and
beliefs
cause
everything.Our
attitudes
and
actions
are
a
result
of
habits
ingrained
in
us
over
a
period
of
time.One
generally
rises
to
the
level
that
one
expects.We
are
responsible
for
setting
our
expectations.Our
success
depends
upon
our
level
of
confidence.We
are
responsible
for
either
reinforcing(强化)
good
habits
or
kicking
bad
habits
and
consciously
replacing
them
with
consistently
practiced
good
habits.
If
you
associate
with
positive?thinking
people,
you
are
definitely
going
to
achieve
success.On
the
contrary，the
opposite
happens.We
are
responsible
for
finding，planting，and
nurturing(培育)
the
seeds
that
contain
future
victory，born
from
setbacks.
In
short，in
all
areas
of
your
life，whether
they
are
financial，physical，emotional，or
spiritual，you
are
responsible.Once
you
recognize
this，accept
it，and
firmly
believe
it,
you
are
on
the
road
to
success.
1．People
with
low
self?esteem
are
compared
to
leaves
because
they
.
A．are
ready
to
change
their
minds
B．are
easily
affected
by
windy
weather
C．Don’t
have
the
power
to
face
their
fate
D．Can’t
exercise
control
over
themselves
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三句话“People
with
low
self?esteem
do
not
believe
that
they
have
any
power，or
responsibility
for
their
lives.”以及第四句话“They
are
leaves
tossed(摇摆)
by
the
winds
of
chance
blown
about
with
any
sudden
change
in
the
weather.”可知不自信的人是因为他们不相信自己有能力，也不相信自己能够为自己的生活做主。他们就像随风摇摆的落叶。也就是说他们不能掌控自己。故选择D。
2．Losers
would
think
that
.
A．success
is
the
result
of
hard
work
B．working
hard
will
lead
to
success
C．their
failure
is
only
because
of
bad
luck
D．they
don’t
make
efforts
to
succeed
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第二句话“Failures
think
that
everything
happens
by
accident...”可知，失败者总是认为事情的发生都是偶然的。故选择C，认为自己的失败只是由于时运不济。
善于猜测词义
例如：
[1]．..
[2]Do
you
know
what
a
“territory”
is?
A
territory
is
an
area
that
an
animal，usually
the
male，claims
as
its
own.Only
he
and
his
family
are
welcome
there.No
other
families
of
the
same
species
are
welcome.Your
yard
and
house
are
your
territory
where
only
your
family
and
friends
are
welcome.If
a
stranger
should
enter
your
territory
and
threaten
you，you
might
shout.Probably
this
would
be
enough
to
frighten
him
away.
...
What
is
a
bird's
“territory”？
A．A
place
where
families
of
other
species
are
not
accepted.
B．A
place
where
a
bird
may
shout
at
the
top
of
its
voice.
C．An
area
for
which
birds
fight
against
each
other.
D．An
area
which
a
bird
considers
to
be
its
own.
【答案】D
【解析】文章第二段首先提出什么是“territory”，紧跟着就是对“territory”的解释，由定义可推知，这里“territory”指的是“鸟类的地盘”。
例如：
A
study
involving
8,500
teenagers
from
all
social
backgrounds
found
thai
most
of
them
are
ignorani
when
it
comes
to
money.
The
findings,
the
first
in
a
scries
of
reports
from
NatWesl
that
has
started
a
five-year
research
project
into
teenagers
and
money,
arc
particularly
worrying
as
this
generation
of
young
people
is
likely
to
be
burdened
with
greater
debts
man
any
before.
University
tuition
fees
(学费)
are
currently
capped
at
?3,000
annually,
but
this
will
be
reviewed
next
year
and
the
Government
is
under
enormous
pressure
to
raise
the
ceiling.
...........
..........
73.
The
phrase
"to
raise
the
ceiling"
in
paragraph
2
probably
means
"______".
A.
to
raise
the
student
loans
B.
to
improve
the
school
facilities
C.
to
increase
the
upper
limit
of
the
tuition
D.
to
lift
the
school
building
roofs
【答案】C
【解析】这是一道词义猜测题，由第二段可知，目前大学里每一年的学费都已经高达3000英镑，但是，明年政府由于压力还可能会提高学费的上限。所以答案为C。raise表示“增加、提高”，ceiling表示“（物价、工资等的）最高限度、上限”。
例如：
“Get
your
hands
off
me,
I
have
been
stolen,”
the
laptop,
a
portable
computer,
shouted.
That
is
a
new
solution
to
laptop
computer
theft:
a
program
that
lets
owners
give
their
property
a
voice
when
it
has
been
taken.
The
program
allows
users
to
display
alerts
on
the
missing
computer’s
screen
and
even
to
set
a
spoken
message.
Tracking
software
for
stolen
laptops
has
been
on
the
market
for
some
time,
but
this
is
thought
to
be
the
first
that
allows
owners
to
give
the
thief
a
piece
of
their
mind.
...........
..........
72.
The
expression
“to
give
the
thief
a
piece
of
their
mind”
can
be
understood
as
“_______”.
A.
to
give
the
thief
an
alert
mind
B.
to
express
the
owners’
anger
to
the
thief
C.
to
remind
the
thief
of
his
conscience
D.
to
make
the
thief
give
up
his
mind
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解。根据文章的第一段和第二段内容可知答案B最佳。
“定”——“定区间”，圈定各题答案的范围。
例如:
Cara
Lang
is
13.
She
lives
in
Boston,
Massachusetts,
U.
S.
Last
Thursday,
she
didn't
go
to
school.
She
went
to
work
with
her
father
instead.
Every
year,
on
the
fourth
Thursday
in
April,
millions
of
young
girls
go
work.
This
is
Take
Our
Daughters
to
Work
Day.
The
girls
are
between
the
ages
of
9
and
15.
They
spend
the
day
at
work
with
an
adult,
usually
a
mother,
father,
aunt,
or
uncle.
They
go
to
offices,
police
stations,
laboratories,
and
other
places
where
their
parents
or
other
family
members
work.
Next
year,
the
day
will
include
sons,
too.
The
Ms.
Foundation,
an
organization
for
women,
started
the
program
about
ten
years
ago.
In
the
U.S.,
many
women
work
outside
the
home.
The
Ms.
Foundation
wanted
girls
to
find
out
about
many
different
kinds
of
jobs.
Then,
when
the
girls
grow
up,
they
can
choose
a
job
they
like.
Cara's
father
is
a
film
director.
Cara
says,
“It
was
very
exciting
for
me
to
go
to
the
studio
with
my
dad.
I
saw
a
lot
of
people
doing
different
jobs.”
Many
businesses
have
special
activities
for
girls
on
this
day.
Last
year,
Cara
went
to
work
with
her
aunt
at
the
University
of
Massachusetts.
In
the
engineering
department,
the
girls
learned
to
build
a
bridge
with
toothpicks
and
Candy.
In
the
chemistry
department,
they
learned
to
use
scales.
They
learned
about
many
other
kinds
of
jobs,
too.
Right
now,
Cara
does
not
know
what
job
she
will
have
when
she
grows
up.
But
because
of
Take
Our
Daughters
to
Work
Day,
she
knows
she
has
many
choices.
65.
What
is
Cara's
father?
A.
An
engineer.
B.
An
official.
C.
A
movie
maker.
D.
A
professor.
【答案】C
【解析】从第三段，第一句中可以看出是一名导演，故选C。
66.
According
to
the
passage,
Take
our
Daughters
to
work
Day
is
______.
A.
on
every
Thursday
in
April
B.
a
holiday
for
girls
of
all
ages
C.
a
day
for
girls
to
know
about
jobs
D.
a
day
for
girls
to
get
a
job
easily
【答案】C
【解析】从整个第二段可以看出，故选C。
67.
On
this
special
day,
Cara
has
done
all
the
following
EXCEPT
that
____.
A.
she
learned
to
use
scales
B.
she
worked
as
an
actress
C.
she
went
to
work
with
her
aunt
D.
she
used
toothpicks
and
Candy
to
build
a
bridge
【答案】B
【解析】“带女儿去工作”节。该节日的目的就是使得女孩子能够了解各种各样的工作，以便将来选择工作时候有所参考。定位文章倒数第二段，而充当女演员并没有提及，故选B。
68.
What
is
probably
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.
Cara
Lang,
a
Fortunate
Girl
B.
Take
Our
Daughters
to
Work
Day
C.
Children's
Day
and
Work
Day
D.
Ms.
Foundation,
an
Organization
for
Women
【答案】B
【解析】从文章结尾段可以看出，介绍了美国的一种特殊节日，故选B。
三、“划”——“划根据”。作答时理由要充分，并在文章中划出解题依据。
例如:
Are
we
getting
more
stupid?
According
to
Gerald
Crabtree,
a
scientist
at
Stanford
University
in
the
US,
we
are.
You
may
not
want
to
hear
this,
but
Crabtree
believes
that
human
intelligence
reached
its
peak
more
than
2,000
years
ago
and
ever
since
then
has
been
going
downhill.
“If
an
average
Greek
from
1,000
BC
were
transported
to
modern
times,
he
or
she
would
be
one
of
the
brightest
among
us,”
Crabtree
told
The
Guardian.
At
the
heart
of
Crabtree’s
thinking
is
a
simple
idea.
In
the
past,
intelligence
was
critical
for
survival
when
our
ancestors
had
to
avoid
dangerous
animals
and
hunt
for
food.
The
difference
of
being
smart
or
stupid
is
often
life
or
death.
However,
after
the
spread
of
agriculture,
when
our
ancestors
began
to
live
in
dense
farming
communities,
the
need
to
keep
their
intelligence
in
peak
condition
gradually
reduced.
This
is
not
hard
to
understand.
Most
of
the
time,
pressure
is
what
keeps
us
going
–
you
need
the
pressure
from
your
teachers
to
finish
your
homework;
the
pressure
of
looking
pretty
prompts
you
to
lose
weight
when
summer
comes.
And
the
same
is
also
true
of
our
intelligence
–
if
we
think
less,
we
become
less
smart.
These
mutations(变异)
are
harmful
to
our
intelligence
and
they
were
all
developed
in
the
past
3,000
years.
The
other
evidence
that
Crabtree
holds
is
in
our
genes.
He
found
that
among
the
2,000
to
5,000
genes
that
we
have
that
determine
human
intelligence,
there
are
two
or
more
mutations
in
each
of
us.
However,
Crabtree’s
theory
has
been
criticized
by
some
who
say
that
early
humans
may
have
better
hunting
and
surviving
abilities,
but
people
today
have
developed
a
more
diverse
intelligence.
For
example,
spearing
a
tiger
doesn’t
necessarily
require
more
brainpower
than
playing
chess
or
writing
a
poem.
Moreover,
the
power
of
modern
education
means
a
lot
more
people
have
the
opportunity
to
learn
nowadays.
“You
wouldn’t
get
Stephen
Hawking
2,000
years
ago.
He
just
wouldn’t
exist,”
Thomas
Hills
of
the
University
of
Warwick,
UK,
told
Live
Science.
“But
now
we
have
people
of
his
intellectual
capacity
doing
things
and
making
insights
that
we
would
never
have
achieved
in
our
environment
of
evolutionary
adaptation.”
65.
Some
argue
that
Crabtree’s
theory
is
false
because
they
think
_______.
A.
people
today
are
under
much
more
pressure
than
early
humans
B.
it’s
ridiculous
to
compare
a
hunter’s
and
a
poet’s
intelligence
C.
modern
education
is
far
more
advanced
than
ancient
education
D.
human
intelligence
nowadays
is
different
from
that
of
the
distant
past
【答案】D
【解析】根据题干，从倒数第二段划线部分可以找到答案依据。
“看”——“看转换”。注意同一意思的不同表述（同意转述）。
例如:
......
Although
neither
of
the
Adelmans
is
academically
trained
in
literature,
the
programmes,
contain
plenty
of
Shakespeare
tradition
and
background.
Their
workshop
on
Henry
V,
for
example,
includes
a
helpful
explanation
of
Henry’s
winning
strategy
at
the
Battle
of
Agincourt.
But
they
do
come
to
the
text
with
a
few
biases(偏向):
their
reading
of
Henry
V
minimizes
his
misuse
of
power.
Instead,
they
emphasize
the
story
of
the
youth
who
seizes
opportunity
and
becomes
a
masterful
leader.
And
at
the
workshop
on
Caesar,
Mr.
Adelman
had
little
good
to
say
about
Brutus,
saying
“the
noblest
Roman
of
them
all”
couldn’t
make
his
mind
up
about
things.
75.
Why
do
the
Adelmans
conduct
a
workshop
on
Henry
V?
A.
To
highlight
the
importance
of
catching
opportunities.
B.
To
encourage
masterful
leaders
to
plan
strategies
to
win.
C.
To
illustrate
the
harm
of
prejudices
in
management.
D.
To
warn
executives
against
power
misuse.
【答案】A
【解析】根据“Instead,
they
emphasize
the
story
of
the
youth
who
seizes
opportunity
and
becomes
a
masterful
leader.
相反，他们强调年轻人的故事。这些年轻人能够抓住机会以及成为有能力的领导”
可以知道答案是强调抓住机会的重要性。其中highlight强调和emphasize
是同义词，seizes
opportunity
和catch
opportunities
是同义词。
五、“防”——“防陷井”。锁定是“true”还是“not
true”，辨明形近词。
例如:
West
End
theatre
is
a
popular
term
for
mainstream
professional
theatre
in
London,
or
sometimes
more
specifically
for
shows
staged
in
the
large
theatres
of
London’s
“Theatreland”.
Along
with
New
York’s
Broadway
Theatre,
West
End
theatre
is
usually
considered
to
represent
the
highest
level
of
theatre
in
the
English
speaking
world.
Seeing
a
West
End
show
is
a
common
tourist
activity
in
London.
Total
attendances
broke
the
12
million
in
2002,
and
in
May
and
June
2005.
The
Times
reported
that
this
record
might
be
broken
in
2005.
Factors
behind
high
ticket
sales
in
the
first
half
of
2005
included
new
hit
musicals
such
as
Billy
Elliot,
the
Producers
and
Mary
Poppins
and
the
high
number
of
film
stars
appearing.
Since
the
late
1990s
there
has
been
an
increase
in
the
number
of
American
actors
on
the
London
stage.
London’s
main
theatre
district
is
located
in
the
heart
of
the
West
End
of
the
city
centre.
Renowned
theatre
streets
include
Drury
Lane,
Shaftesbury
Avenue,
and
the
Strand.
This
area
contains
approximately
forty
large
theatres
and
is
often
referred
to
Theatreland.
The
works
staged
are
mainly
musicals,
classic
or
plays,
and
comedy
performances.
Most
of
the
theaters
in
“Theatreland”
are
late
Victorian
of
Edwardian,
and
they
are
privately
owned.
Most
of
them
have
their
own
characteristics
with
a
splendid
past.
On
the
other
hand,
present
audience
will
find
them
not
comfortable
as
the
leg
room
of
the
seat
is
often
cramped
(people
were
smaller
a
hundred
years
ago)
and
audience
facilities
such
as
bars
and
restrooms
are
often
much
smaller
than
those
in
modern
theatres.
The
protected
status
of
the
buildings
and
their
confined
urban
locations,
combined
with
financial
limit,
mean
that
it
is
very
difficult
to
make
through
improvements
to
the
level
of
comfort
offered.
In
2004,
it
was
estimated
that
an
investment
of
￡250
million
was
required
for
modernization,
and
the
theatre
owners
failed
to
request
a
lower
tax
to
help
them
meet
the
costs.
56.
Which
of
the
following
statement
does
not
describe
West
End
theatre
right?
A.
West
End
theatre
refers
to
the
professional
theatre
in
London.
B.
West
End
theatre
is
one
of
the
famous
theatres
in
London.
C.
West
End
theatre
also
refers
to
the
plays
in
the
theatreland
in
London.
D.
Seeing
West
End
theatre
show
is
a
must
for
tourists
to
London.
57.
What
might
not
be
the
reason
for
the
increasing
ticket
sale?
A.
West
End
theatre
often
stages
best
musicals.
B.
West
End
theatre
has
attracted
quite
a
number
of
film
stars.
C.
Theatreland
is
located
in
the
heart
of
the
West
End.
D.
The
facilities
of
traditional
theatres
have
been
improved.
58.
Which
can
you
not
infer
from
the
passage?
A.
Broadway
theatre
also
reflects
the
high
level
of
theatre
in
the
English-speaking
world.
B.
West
End
theatre
came
into
existence
around
100
years
ago.
C.
West
End
theatre
used
to
belong
to
Queen
Victoria
and
King
Edward.
D.The
theatre
owners
did
not
succeed
in
persuading
government
to
reduce
their
tax
to
rebuild
the
theatres.
【答案】BDC
【解析】注意题干中
“does
not
describe”;
“not
be
the
reason”;
“
not
infer”。审题需细心，防止陷阱。
六、“读”——“读全项”。做判断时要通读每一题的所有选项，区分鉴别，选择最佳。
例如:
You
may
be
surprised
to
learn
that
one
of
the
best
steps
you
can
take
to
protect
your
health
is
to
step
outside
and
spend
some
time
in
the
grass，dirt
and
water.Our
ancestors
enjoyed
the
healing(治愈)
power
of
nature，and
now
scientists
are
starting
to
catch
up.Researchers
have
documented
how
contact
with
nature
can
decrease
mental
tiredness，and
enhance
moods，concentration
and
problem?solving.Just
having
a
view
of
nature
has
been
shown
to
improve
hospital
patients’
recovery
and
reduce
illness
rates.Exposure
to
the
open
air，horseback
riding，hiking
and
camping
can
also
be
helpful
for
a
variety
of
health
conditions
in
adults
and
children.Much
of
this
type
of
research
is
focusing
on
children，and
in
fact
an
entire
movement
has
developed
quickly
to
connect
kids
with
the
healing
power
of
nature.
Obesity.
Rates
of
childhood，adult
obesity
and
related
conditions
including
diabetes(糖尿病)
and
heart
disease
have
grown
greatly
in
recent
years，partly
because
of
reducing
the
time
of
outdoor
activities.This
problem
can
be
partly
addressed
by
increasing
the
time
students
spend
learning
about
nature，both
in
and
outside
the
classroom.Such
lessons
are
more
engaging
to
students
and
often
lead
them
to
become
more
active
outside.
Attention
deficit
hyperactivity
disorder(ADHD)(注意力缺失多动症)．An
exposure
to
ordinary
natural
settings
in
the
course
of
common
after?school
and
weekend
activities
may
be
widely
effective
in
reducing
attention
shortness
symptoms(症状)
in
children.Participation
in
green
activities
helps
ADHD
patients
keep
focused
and
complete
tasks.
Stress.
Access
to
nature，even
houseplants，can
help
children
deal
with
stress.
Depression
and
seasonal
affective
disorder.
Major
depression
requires
medical
treatment，but
physical
activities，especially
those
done
outdoors，can
help
ease
symptoms.Staying
in
the
sunshine
for
just
a
few
minutes
can
also
help
supply
bone?building
vitamin
D．Experts
say
that
simply
walking
in
a
city
park
can
enjoy
nature’s
benefits.
14．The
effects
of
outdoor
activities
include
all
of
the
following
EXCEPT
.
A．helping
children
to
control
stress
B．helping
people
to
increase
the
vitamin
D
level
C．helping
children
to
reduce
the
symptoms
of
ADHD
D．helping
scientists
to
believe
the
healing
power
of
nature
【答案】D
【解析】根据文中第三、四、五段可知，户外活动可以帮助我们缓解注意力缺失多动症，减轻压力，增加维生素D的合成。
例如:
Researchers
in
the
psychology
department
at
the
University
of
California
at
Los
Angeles
(UCLA)
have
discovered
a
major
difference
in
the
way
men
and
women
respond
to
stress.
This
difference
may
explain
why
men
are
more
likely
to
suffer
from
stress-related
disorders.
Until
now,
psychological
research
has
maintained
that
both
men
and
women
have
the
same
"fight-or-flight"
reaction
to
stress.
In
other
words,
individuals
either
react
with
aggressive
behavior,
such
as
verbal
or
physical
conflict
("fight"),
or
they
react
by
withdrawing
from
the
stressful
situation
("flight").
However,
the
UCLA
research
team
found
that
men
and
women
have
quite
different
biological
and
behavioral
responses
to
stress.
While
men
often
react
to
stress
in
the
fight-or-flight
response,
women
often
have
another
kind
of
reaction
which
could
be
called
"tend
and
befriend."
That
is,
they
often
react
to
stressful
conditions
by
protecting
and
nurturing
their
young
("tend"),
and
by
looking
for
social
contact
and
support
from
others
--
especially
other
females
("befriend").
Scientists
have
long
known
that
in
the
fight-or-flight
reaction
to
stress,
an
important
role
is
played
by
certain
hormones
(澈素)
released
by
the
body.
The
UCLA
research
team
suggests
that
the
female
tend-or-befriend
response
is
also
based
on
a
hormone.
This
hormone,
called
oxytocin,
has
been
studied
in
the
context
of
childbirth,
but
now
it
is
being
studied
for
its
role
in
the
response
of
both
men
and
women
to
stress.
The
principal
investigator,
Dr.
Shelley
E.
Taylor,
explained
that
"animals
and
people
with
high
levels
of
oxytocin
are
calmer,
more
relaxed,
more
social,
and
less
anxious."
While
men
also
secrete(分泌)
oxytocin,
its
effects
are
reduced
by
male
hormones.
73.
Which
of
the
following
is
true
about
oxytocin
according
to
the
passage?
A.
Men
have
the
same
level
of
oxytocin
as
women
do.
B.
Oxytocin
used
to
be
studied
in
both
men
and
women.
C.
Both
animals
and
people
have
high
levels
of
oxytocin.
D.
Oxytocin
has
more
of
an
effect
on
women
than
on
men.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“While?men?also?secrete
分泌)?oxytocin,
its
effects
are
reduced
by
male
hormones.”
可知：尽管男性也分泌催产素，但是催产素对男性的影响为雄性激素所降低。由此推出答案D项。
Reading
Comprehension
(A)
Every
New
Year,
many
people
make
promises
to
themselves,
only
to
see
them
fall
by
the
wayside
within
a
few
months,
weeks,
or
even
days.
However,
26-year-old
Luke
Cameron
is
not
among
those
people.
After
losing
a
close
friend
known
for
her
generosity
to
cancer
in
2013,
the
young
man
decided
to
do
at
least
one
good
deed
every
day
for
365
days
and
he
has
not
missed
one
yet.
Cameron
performed
his
first
good
deed
on
January
1st,
2014,
with
the
simple
act
of
greeting
a
waitress
at
a
cafe
he
visited.
The
next
day
he
bought
food
and
drinks
for
some
homeless
people.
Cameron’s
good
small
deeds
have
been
recorded
in
an
online
diary,
like
taking
out
the
garbage
for
an
elderly
neighbor
or
spending
a
few
hours
helping
a
disabled
lady
pick
out
a
dress
for
a
party.
What’s
more,
the
young
man
has
also
spent
close
to
?4000
of
his
own
money,
buying
gifts
for
children
in
need.
Cameron
has
created
a
series
of
some
cards,
which
he
has
called
“Cards
for
Kindness”.
Each
card
suggests
a
simple
act
of
kindness
–
things
like
giving
a
stranger
a
hug
or
making
peace
with
an
enemy,
which
is
to
encourage
others
to
perform
good
deeds.
Cameron’s
generosity
has
not
gone
unnoticed.
To
reward
the
young
man
as
he
nears
the
end
of
his
journey,
pizza
chain
Domino’s
recently
awarded
him
a
year’s
supply
of
free
pizza.
Not
surprisingly,
the
big-hearted
young
man
has
decided
to
use
the
gift
to
hold
special
pizza
days
for
charity.
His
kind
deeds
have
also
won
him
a
competition
for
the
job
of
“National
Philanthropy（慈善事业）Manager”.
1.
What
made
Cameron
determined
to
do
good
deeds
every
day?
A.
The
need
of
a
competition.
B.
The
requirement
of
his
job.
C.
The
death
of
a
close
friend.
D.
The
influence
of
his
families.
2.
What
is
the
second
paragraph
mainly
about?
A.
The
influence
of
simple
acts
of
kindness.
B.
The
good
things
that
Cameron
has
done.
C.
The
importance
of
having
close
friends.
D.
The
awards
that
Cameron
has
received.
3.
Why
did
Cameron
create
“Cards
for
Kindness”?
A.
To
record
his
good
deeds.
B.
To
make
peace
with
an
enemy.
C.
To
raise
money
for
some
charities.
D.
To
encourage
people
to
show
kindness.
4.
Which
of
the
following
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
No
Pains,
No
Gains
B.
The
Power
of
Dreams
C.
A
Good
Deed
Every
Day
D.
The
Best
Man
in
Britain
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了Cameron因朋友去世而决定日行一善，最终获得人们称赞的故事。
1.C
【解题思路】细节理解题，根据第一段中的“After
losing
a
close
friend...and
he
has
not
missed
one
yet."可知，Cameron是在失去朋友后决定日行一善的，故正确答案为C项，
2.B
【解题思路】段落大意题，第二段主要介绍了Cameron做的一些善事，比如为无家可归的人买食物、帮助年老的邻居倒地级、帮助残疾女士为聚会挑选礼服等。故正确答案为B项。
3.D
【解题思路】细节理解题，根据第三段中的“Each
card
suggests...可知，每一张卡片上都显示出一种善意行为，这都是为了鼓励他人做好事，故正确答案为D项。
4.C【解题思路】主旨大意题，本文主要讲述了Cameron因朋友去世而决定日行一善，最终获得人们称赞的故事。C项能全面概括。
(B)
There
are
thirty-four
bridges
on
the
Thames
River
in
London,
the
following
are
among
the
most
famous
ones.
Tower
Bridge
Tower
Bridge
has
stood
over
the
River
Thames
in
London
since
1894
and
is
one
of
the
finest,
most
recognizable
bridges
in
the
World.
It
is
the
bridge
in
London
you
may
see
in
movies
and
on
advertising
writing
for
London.
Tower
Bridge
is
the
only
Thames
Bridge
that
can
be
raised.
It
used
to
be
raised
about
50
times
a
day,
but
nowadays
it
is
only
raised
4
to
5
times
a
week.
London
Bridge
The
construction
of
the
first
stone
London
Bridge
started
in
1176
and
finished
years
later.
Houses
and
shops
were
once
built
on
the
bridge,
which
made
the
road
so
narrow
that
it
was
often
jammed
with
people,
horses
and
carts.
A
‘keep
left’
rule
was
made
in
1733
to
keep
the
traffic
moving.
This
became
the
rule
of
the
road
in
Britain.
In
1757
the
old
bridge
was
pulled
down
and
a
new
one
was
built
in
1831.
Interestingly,
that
one
was
pulled
down
again
in
1967
but
rebuilt
in
Lake
Havasu
City,
USA,
as
a
tourist
attraction.
The
present
London
Bridge
was
opened
in
1973.
Millennium
Bridge
The
Millennium
Bridge
is
a
bridge
for
walkers.
It
was
built
to
connect
the
Tate
Modern
Art
Gallery
to
the
City
and
St
Paul’s
Cathedral
(圣保罗大教堂)
in
2000.
Thousands
of
people
rushed
to
see
the
new
bridge.
Almost
immediately
after
opening,
the
bridge
had
to
be
shut
because
of
the
dangerous
waving
caused
by
too
many
visitors.
It
has
now
been
reopened.
The
bridge
is
about
320
meters,
costs
16
million
pounds
to
build
and
only
takes
walkers.
Westminster
Bridge
Westminster
Bridge
is
a
road
and
foot
traffic
bridge
over
the
River
Thames
between
Westminster
and
Lambeth.
The
present
bridge,
opened
in
1862,
is
the
second
on
the
site
and
took
the
place
of
an
earlier
bridge
opened
in
1750.
The
British
romantic
poet,
William
Wordsworth,
wrote
a
famous
poem
“Composed
Upon
Westminster
Bridge”
in
the
autumn
of
1802.
Want
to
know
more
about
the
bridges
on
the
Thames
River?
Click
here
www.bridgesinbritain.com.
5.
Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
TRUE
according
to
the
passage?
A.
The
1831
London
Bridge
is
now
in
the
USA.
B.
Tower
Bridge
is
much
less
frequently
lifted
today
than
before.
C.
Cars
and
buses
are
not
allowed
to
cross
Millennium
Bridge.
D.
Westminster
Bridge
is
for
walkers
only.
6.
The
Passage
is
most
probably
taken
from
a
________.
A.
school
report
B.
website
article
C.
teenage
magazine
D.
science
fiction
7.
What
can
we
learn
from
the
passage?
A.
William
Wordsworth
wrote
many
poems
of
the
bridges
on
the
Thames
River.
B.
Millennium
Bridge
wasn’t
built
strong
enough
so
that
it
had
to
be
pulled
down
and
rebuilt.
C.
That
all
the
traffic
is
kept
left
in
Britain
was
from
a
rule
of
an
old
London
Bridge.
D.
Tower
Bridge
is
the
symbol
of
London
because
it
is
the
first
bridge
on
the
Thames
River.
【答案】.
D
B
C
【分析】
这是一篇广告布告类阅读。文章从不同的方面介绍了伦敦泰晤士河上的著名的四座大桥——塔桥、伦敦桥、千禧桥以及威斯敏斯特桥。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。答案定位在Westminster
Bridge部分Westminster
Bridge
is
a
road
and
foot
traffic
bridge
over
the
River
Thames
between
Westminster
and
Lambeth.（威斯敏斯特桥是横跨泰晤士河，连接威斯敏斯特和伦敦朗伯斯区的公路桥和人行桥。）由此可知D选项“威斯敏斯特桥只供行人使用。”的描述错误，故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段Want
to
know
more
about
the
bridges
on
the
Thames
River?
Click
here
www.bridgesinbritain.com.可知这篇文章很可能摘自一篇网站文章，故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段"The
British
romantic
poet，William
Wordsworth，wrote
a
famous
poem…1802．"只提到英国浪漫主义诗人威廉?华兹华斯，于1802年的秋天写了一首关于威斯敏斯特桥的著名的诗；并没有提到他写了许多有关泰晤士桥的诗，故排除A；根据Millennium
Bridge部分中的"the
bridge
had
to
be
shut
because
of
the
dangerous
waving
caused
by
too
many
visitors．"可知，由于客流量过大，会产生危险，所以伦敦的千禧桥曾经被关闭；文中并没有提到千禧桥是由于不够结实而被拆了重建，故排除B；根据Tower
Bridge部分"Tower
Bridge
has…and
is
one
of
the
finest，most
recognizable
bridges
in
the
world"只提到塔桥是世界上最好的，最知名的桥梁之一，并没有提到因为塔桥是伦敦泰晤士河上的第一座桥，而使得它成为伦敦的象征，故排除D；根据London
Bridge部分"A‘keep
left'rule
was
made
in
1733
to
keep
the
traffic
moving．This
became
the
rule
of
the
road
in
Britain"讲到了英国靠左行走的道路交通规则正是源于伦敦桥上的交通规则，故选C。
【点睛】通过对关键词，关键短语或者是关键的句子的把握是解决推理判断题的重要解题方法之一，它们往往隐藏着深层的意思。小题1，答案定位在Westminster
Bridge部分Westminster
Bridge
is
a
road
and
foot
traffic
bridge
over
the
River
Thames
between
Westminster
and
Lambeth.（威斯敏斯特桥是横跨泰晤士河，连接威斯敏斯特和伦敦朗伯斯区的公路桥和人行桥。）其中a
road
and
foot
traffic
bridge是关键词，由此可知D选项“威斯敏斯特桥只供行人使用。”的描述错误，故选D。
(C)
A
team
of
engineers
at
Harvard
University
has
been
inspired
by
Nature
to
create
the
first
robotic
fly.
The
mechanical
fly
has
become
a
platform
for
a
series
of
new
high-tech
integrated
systems.
Designed
to
do
what
a
fly
does
naturally,
the
tiny
machine
is
the
size
of
a
fat
housefly.
Its
mini
wings
allow
it
to
stay
in
the
air
and
perform
controlled
flight
tasks.
“It’s
extremely
important
for
us
to
think
about
this
as
a
whole
system
and
not
just
the
sum
of
a
bunch
of
individual
components
(元件),”
said
Robert
Wood,
the
Harvard
engineering
professor
who
has
been
working
on
the
robotic
fly
project
for
over
a
decade.
A
few
years
ago,
his
team
got
the
go-ahead
to
start
piecing
together
the
components.
“The
added
difficulty
with
a
project
like
this
is
that
actually
none
of
those
components
are
off
the
shelf
and
so
we
have
to
develop
them
all
on
our
own,”
he
said.
They
engineered
a
series
of
systems
to
start
and
drive
the
robotic
fly.
“The
seemingly
simple
system
which
just
moves
the
wings
has
a
number
of
interdependencies
on
the
individual
components,
each
of
which
individually
has
to
perform
well,
but
then
has
to
be
matched
well
to
everything
it’s
connected
to,”
said
Wood.
The
flight
device
was
built
into
a
set
of
power,
computation,
sensing
and
control
systems.
Wood
says
the
success
of
the
project
proves
that
the
flying
robot
with
these
tiny
components
can
be
built
and
manufactured.
While
this
first
robotic
flyer
is
linked
to
a
small,
off-board
power
source,
the
goal
is
eventually
to
equip
it
with
a
built-in
power
source,
so
that
it
might
someday
perform
data-gathering
work
at
rescue
sites,
in
farmers’
fields
or
on
the
battlefield.
“Basically
it
should
be
able
to
take
off,
land
and
fly
around,”
he
said.
Wood
says
the
design
offers
a
new
way
to
study
flight
mechanics
and
control
at
insect-scale.
Yet,
the
power,
sensing
and
computation
technologies
on
board
could
have
much
broader
applications.
“You
can
start
thinking
about
using
them
to
answer
open
scientific
questions,
you
know,
to
study
biology
in
ways
that
would
be
difficult
with
the
animals,
but
using
these
robots
instead,”
he
said.
“So
there
are
a
lot
of
technologies
and
open
interesting
scientific
questions
that
are
really
what
drives
us
on
a
day
to
day
basis.”
8.
The
difficulty
the
team
of
engineers
met
with
while
making
the
robotic
fly
was
that
________.
A.
they
had
no
model
in
their
mind
B.
they
did
not
have
sufficient
time
C.
they
had
no
ready-made
components
D.
they
could
not
assemble
the
components
9.
It
can
be
inferred
from
paragraphs
3
and
4
that
the
robotic
fly
________.
A.
consists
of
a
flight
device
and
a
control
system
B.
can
just
fly
in
limited
areas
at
the
present
time
C.
can
collect
information
from
many
sources
D.
has
been
put
into
wide
application
10.
Which
of
the
following
can
be
learned
from
the
passage?
A.
The
robotic
flyer
is
designed
to
learn
about
insects.
B.
Animals
are
not
allowed
in
biological
experiments.
C.
There
used
to
be
few
ways
to
study
how
insects
fly.
D.
Wood’s
design
can
replace
animals
in
some
experiments.
11.
Which
of
the
following
might
be
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
A.
Father
of
Robotic
Fly
B.
Inspiration
from
Engineering
Science
C.
Robotic
Fly
Imitates
Real
Life
Insect
D.
Harvard
Breaks
Through
in
Insect
Study
【答案】CBDC
【解析】:
这是一篇讨论微型飞行装置的说明文。首段开门见山，介绍了哈佛大学的工程师们受到了《自然》杂志的启发，决定自行研究机器苍蝇（robotic?fly）——一种微型飞行设备。第二段说明了制造这种飞行设备的实际困难：所需的构成原件没有现成的，需要自行开发。第三段主要介绍了该飞行设备的构成。第四、五两段介绍了该飞行装置技术成熟后能给我们带来生活上、科研上的详细用途。
8.?细节信息题。由关键词difficulty定位至第二段最后一句话“The?added?difficulty?with?a?project?like?this?is?that?actually?none?of?those?components?are?off?shelf?and?so?we?have?to?develop?them?all?on?our?own.”意为这个项目的困难实际上在于所需的元件都没有现成的，需要我们自己开发。on?the?shelf（现货供应）与ready-made（现成的）同义。因此，正确答案为C。
9.
推理引申题。根据题干信息，定位至文章第3、4段。第三段主要介绍了飞行装置的构成，并由此引出第四段首句详细介绍飞行装置的外置电源（linked?to?a?small,?off-board?power?source），指出最终目的是实现内置电源的放置（equip?it?with?a?built-in?power），是之有能力在更多场合自行完成数据收集的任务（data-gathering?work），完成起飞、着陆、到处飞行的动作。由此可见，目前该飞行装置只能在有限的地区内飞行，所以B选项正确。
10.
to?study?biology?in?ways?that?would?be?difficult?with?the?animals,?but?using?these?robots?instead.”意为当用动物这一途径研究生物问题比较困难时，我们可以用这些机器人取代动物的位置。因此，正确答案为D。?
111.
主旨大意题。?该题要求选定文章的标题，故需归纳文章的主旨大意。纵观全文，首段开门见山，介绍了哈佛大学的工程师们决定自行研究机器苍蝇（robotic?fly）。第二段说明了制造这种飞行设备的实际困难：所需的构成原件没有现成的，需要自行开发。第三段主要介绍了该飞行设备的构成。第四、五两段介绍了该飞行装置在能运用至多种场合，还能在科研中代替动物。可见本文通篇都在围绕机器苍蝇（robotic?fly）进行介绍。因此，正确答案为C。
(D)
Traditional
surgical
procedures
require
surgeons
to
make
large
incisions(伤口)
in
a
patient’s
body
in
order
to
gain
access
to
the
internal
organs.
It
was
once
common
for
heart
surgeons,
who
perform
highly
specialized
and
complex
procedures,
to
make
long
incisions
in
a
patient’s
chest
and
then
split
the
breastbone
to
reach
the
heart.
Patients
who
undergo
surgery
are
often
at
the
risk
of
infection,
as
bacteria
can
infect
the
cut
in
the
skin.
In
addition,
there
is
often
a
lengthy
recovery
period.
A
surgical
technique
known
as
“keyhole
surgery”
has
become
more
common
in
recent
years.
In
general,
the
surgeon
will
make
a
couple
of
small
incisions
around
the
area
where
the
operation
is
going
to
be
performed.
Tubes
are
pushed
into
the
holes,
and
a
tiny
camera,
which
is
called
an
endoscope,
is
put
into
the
body.
The
camera
is
attached
to
a
large
monitor
screen
that
is
positioned
so
that
the
doctor
can
see
it
while
he
performs
the
operation.
In
addition
to
the
camera,
doctors
also
push
their
tiny
surgical
instruments
through
the
tubes.
The
awkward
part
of
keyhole
surgery
is
that
it
is
counterintuitive;
that
is
to
say,
if
a
surgeon
wants
to
move
the
tool
to
the
left,
he
or
she
must
push
it
to
the
right.
Other
advancements
in
technology
are
also
being
used
today
in
the
OR
(operation
room).
A
new
machine
called
the
“da
Vinci
Surgical
System”
has
been
tested
in
hospitals
in
the
U.S..
Unlike
keyhole
surgery,
the
da
Vinci’s
robot’s
moving
parts
are
designed
to
imitate
the
natural
hand
and
wrist
movement
of
a
surgeon,
thus
providing
better
control
and
sensitivity.
The
system
is
controlled
by
a
surgeon
from
a
console(控制台).
Sitting
at
a
console
a
few
feet
from
the
patient,
the
surgeon
can
perform
an
operation
by
holding
and
moving
highly
sensitive
pads
that
enable
him
or
her
to
control
the
instruments.
The
area
of
the
body
on
which
the
surgeon
is
working
is
enlarged
on
a
screen,
which
is
attached
to
the
console.
This
gives
surgeons
a
realistic
three-dimensional
view
of
the
area
—
similar
to
what
they
would
see
during
a
traditional
surgical
procedure.
Although
the
da
Vinci
Surgical
System
is
undergoing
some
trials
for
some
procedures,
it
has
been
welcomed
as
revolutionary
by
many
surgeons.
Patients
with
serious
illnesses
must
still
undergo
major
surgery,
but
the
smaller
incisions
and
less
invasive
procedures
typically
mean
that
a
shorter
recovery
time
is
needed.
In
some
cases,
the
patient’s
stay
in
the
hospital
has
been
cut
in
half
when
the
da
Vinci
Surgical
System
was
used.
On
the
downside,
some
operations
have
taken
up
to
fifty
minutes
longer
because
surgeons
are
inexperienced
at
using
the
new
technology.
As
surgeons
become
more
familiar
with
the
machines,
the
time
needed
for
surgical
procedures
is
likely
to
decrease.
12.
What
can
be
learned
about
the
traditional
surgery
according
to
the
passage?
A.
The
cost
of
the
traditional
surgery
is
very
high.
B.
It
often
leaves
a
large
wound
in
a
person’s
body.
C.
Long
incisions
are
made
in
a
patient’s
chest.
D.
The
incision
is
often
infected
after
the
operation.
13.
Which
of
the
following
is
one
DISADVANTAGE
of
keyhole
surgery?
A.
It
requires
the
use
of
long,
thin
tools
and
a
tiny
camera.
B.
The
doctor
can
not
view
the
inside
of
the
patient’s
body
clearly.
C.
The
direction
in
which
a
doctor
moves
the
surgical
tools
is
reversed.
D.
An
endoscope
has
to
be
inserted
into
the
patient’s
body
in
advance.
14.
The
da
Vinci
Surgical
System
differs
from
keyhole
surgery
in
that
_______.
A.
requires
that
a
surgeon
make
more
small
incisions
on
a
patient
B.
reduces
the
amount
of
time
it
takes
to
perform
a
surgical
procedure
C.
allows
the
surgeon
to
use
the
surgical
instruments
more
sensitively
D.
eliminates
the
need
for
surgeons
to
make
large
incisions
on
patients
15.
The
passage
mainly
tells
the
reader
________.
A.
the
challenges
brought
about
by
new
technology
B.
the
benefits
and
drawbacks
of
the
da
Vinci
Surgical
System
C.
the
reflections
on
the
development
in
medical
science
D.
the
application
of
new
technologies
in
modern
surgery
【答案】
B
C
C
D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要告诉读者新技术在现代外科手术中的应用。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句Traditional
surgical
procedures
require
surgeons
to
make
large
incisions(伤口)
in
a
patient’s
body
in
order
to
gain
access
to
the
internal
organs.可知，根据这篇文章，我们可以了解到传统手术经常在一个人的身体上留下一个大伤口。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句The
awkward
part
of
keyhole
surgery
is
that
it
is
counterintuitive;
that
is
to
say,
if
a
surgeon
wants
to
move
the
tool
to
the
left,
he
or
she
must
push
it
to
the
right.可知，微创手术的缺点是医生移动手术工具的方向是相反的。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中the
da
Vinci’s
robot’s
moving
parts
are
designed
to
imitate
the
natural
hand
and
wrist
movement
of
a
surgeon,
thus
providing
better
control
and
sensitivity.可知，The
da
Vinci
Surgical
System不同于微创手术，它允许外科医生更敏感地使用手术器械。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段第一、二句A
surgical
technique
known
as
“keyhole
surgery”
has
become
more
common
in
recent
years.
In
general,
the
surgeon
will
make
a
couple
of
small
incisions
around
the
area
where
the
operation
is
going
to
be
performed.可知，这篇文章主要告诉读者新技术在现代外科手术中的应用。故选D。
(E)
To
be
really
happy
and
really
safe,
one
ought
to
have
at
least
two
or
three
hobbies,
and
they
must
all
be
real.
It
is
no
use
starting
late
in
life
to
say
“I
will
take
an
interest
in
this
or
that.”
Such
an
attempt
only
aggravates
the
strain
of
mental
effort.
A
man
may
acquire
great
knowledge
of
topics
unconnected
with
his
daily
work,
and
yet
hardly
get
any
benefit
or
relief.
It
is
no
use
doing
what
you
like;
you
have
got
to
like
what
you
do.
Broadly
speaking,
human
beings
may
be
divided
into
three
classes:
those
who
are
toiled
to
death,
those
who
are
worried
to
death
and
those
who
are
bored
to
death.
It
is
no
use
offering
the
manual
labourer,
tired
out
with
a
hard
week’s
sweat
and
effort,
the
chance
of
playing
a
game
of
football
or
baseball
on
Saturday
afternoon.
It
is
no
use
inviting
the
politician
or
the
professional
or
business
man,
who
has
been
working
or
worrying
about
serious
things
for
six
days,
to
work
or
worry
about
trifling
things
at
the
weekend.
As
for
the
unfortunate
people
who
can
command
everything
they
want,
who
can
gratify
every
caprice
and
lay
their
hands
on
almost
every
object
of
desire
—
for
them
a
new
pleasure,
a
new
excitement
is
only
an
additional
satiation.
In
vain
they
rush
frantically
round
from
place
to
place,
trying
to
escape
from
the
avenging
boredom
by
mere
clatter
and
motion.
For
them
discipline
in
one
form
or
another
is
the
most
hopeful
path.
It
may
also
be
said
that
rational,
industrious,
useful
human
beings
are
divided
into
two
classes:
first,
those
whose
work
is
work
and
whose
pleasure
is
pleasure;
and
secondly,
those
whose
work
and
pleasure
are
one.
Of
these
the
former
are
the
majority.
They
have
their
compensations.
The
long
hours
in
the
office
or
the
factory
bring
with
them
as
their
reward,
not
only
the
means
of
sustenance,
but
a
keen
appetite
for
pleasure
even
in
its
simplest
and
most
modest
forms.
But
Fortune’s
favoured
children
belong
to
the
second
class.
Their
life
is
a
natural
harmony.
For
them
the
working
hours
are
never
long
enough.
Each
day
is
a
holiday,
and
ordinary
holidays
when
they
come
are
grudged
as
enforced
interruptions
in
an
absorbing
vocation.
Yet
to
both
classes
the
need
of
an
alternative
outlook,
of
a
change
of
atmosphere,
of
a
diversion
of
effort,
is
essential.
Indeed,
it
may
well
be
that
those
whose
work
is
their
pleasure
are
those
who
most
need
the
means
of
banishing
it
at
intervals
from
their
mind.
16.
What
does
“are
toiled”
in
the
2nd
paragraph
mean?
A.
have
hobbies
B.
feel
pleased
C.
work
very
hard
D.
are
busy
17.
Which
is
NOT
true
based
on
the
first
two
paragraphs?
A.
Being
late
in
life
to
attempt
to
cultivate
hobbies
adds
to
mental
stress.
B.
Great
knowledge
irrelevant
to
the
daily
work
can’t
guarantee
benefit.
C.
Those
tired
out
for
a
week’s
labour
are
reluctant
to
play
football
on
weekends.
D.
Unfortunate
people
need
discipline
to
help
them
build
up
hope.
18.
For
those
whose
work
is
work
and
whose
pleasure
is
pleasure,
they
______.
A.
are
very
willing
to
work
long
hours
in
the
office
or
the
factory
B.
earn
a
large
amount
of
money
due
to
their
hard
work
for
a
long
time
C.
are
keen
to
enjoy
the
pleasure
when
they
are
off
duty
D.
usually
enjoy
themselves
in
the
simplest
and
most
modest
forms
19.
Which
statement
will
the
author
agree
with
according
to
the
3rd
paragraph?
A.
The
first
class
are
lazy
and
the
second
class
are
bound
to
succeed.
B.
The
second
class
never
need
holidays
because
their
life
is
harmonious.
C.
The
minority
are
more
favoured
by
fortune
because
they
never
stop
working.
D.
One
really
needs
alternation
for
a
change
in
order
to
work
better.
【答案】.
C
D
C
.
D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。要想真正快乐和安全，一个人至少应该有两三种爱好，而且必须是真正的爱好。到了晚年才开始说“我会对这个或那个感兴趣”是没有用的。这样的尝试只会加剧精神上的紧张。一个人可能会在与日常工作无关的话题上获得渊博的知识，但却很难从中得到任何益处或宽慰。做你喜欢做的事是没有用的；你必须喜欢你所做的。
【16题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段中Broadly
speaking,
human
beings
may
be
divided
into
three
classes:
those
who
are
toiled
to
death,
those
who
are
worried
to
death
and
those
who
are
bored
to
death.
概括地说，人可以分为三类:劳累至死的人，忧虑至死的人，无聊至死的人。由此可知划线词的意思是“工作非常努力”，故选C。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中As
for
the
unfortunate
people
who
can
command
everything
they
want,
who
can
gratify
every
caprice
and
lay
their
hands
on
almost
every
object
of
desire
—
for
them
a
new
pleasure,
a
new
excitement
is
only
an
additional
satiation.可知，根据前两段，“不幸的人需要纪律来帮助他们建立希望。”是不正确的。故选D。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中They
have
their
compensations.
The
long
hours
in
the
office
or
the
factory
bring
with
them
as
their
reward,
not
only
the
means
of
sustenance,
but
a
keen
appetite
for
pleasure
even
in
its
simplest
and
most
modest
forms.可知，对于那些工作就是工作，娱乐就是娱乐的人来说，他们渴望在下班后享受这种乐趣。故选C。
【19题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中Yet
to
both
classes
the
need
of
an
alternative
outlook,
of
a
change
of
atmosphere,
of
a
diversion
of
effort,
is
essential.
Indeed,
it
may
well
be
that
those
whose
work
is
their
pleasure
are
those
who
most
need
the
means
of
banishing
it
at
intervals
from
their
mind.可知，根据第三段，作者会同意“为了更好地工作，一个人确实需要改变。”的看法。故选D。
【点睛】做推理判断题时，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。本题第3小题，根据第三段中They
have
their
compensations.
The
long
hours
in
the
office
or
the
factory
bring
with
them
as
their
reward,
not
only
the
means
of
sustenance,
but
a
keen
appetite
for
pleasure
even
in
its
simplest
and
most
modest
forms.可知，对于那些工作就是工作，娱乐就是娱乐的人来说，他们渴望在下班后享受这种乐趣。故选C。
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