(共46张PPT)
第2课时 代词
人称代词
表示“我”“你”“他”“我们”“你们”“他们”等的词,叫作人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。
数
格
人称
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
he,she,it
him,her,it
they
them
(一)人称代词主格的用法
【注意】当几个不同的人称代词作主语时,常用and或or连接,单数人称的语句顺序是二、三、一,复数人称的语句顺序是一、二、三。如:
You,he
and
I
will
live
in
the
same
room.你、他和我将住在同一个房间里。
We,you
and
they
are
all
good
students.我们、你们和他们都是好学生。
在句中一般作主语
I
am
a
student.我是一个学生。
动物人格化,美丽、可爱的动物用she
来表示,凶猛的动物用he或it
来表示
I
have
a
lovely
cat.She
is
very
beautiful.我有一只可爱的猫,她非常漂亮。
表示祖国、大地、月亮、船只时常用she
I
love
my
country.She
is
getting
stronger
and
stronger.我爱我的祖国,她正变得越来越强大。
(二)人称代词宾格的用法
一般用作动词或介词的宾语
I
am
teaching
them
English.我在教他们英语。
This
apple
is
for
her.这个苹果是给她的。
可用作表语
—Who’s
there?谁在那儿?
—It’s
me.是我。
(三)人称代词it的特殊用法
代替动词不定式作形式主语或形式宾语
I
think
it
is
easy
to
study
English.我认为学习英语很容易。
I
find
it
difficult
to
do
the
job
well.我发现做好这项工作不容易。
指时间、天气和距离等
It’s
sunny
today.今天天气晴朗。
指代动物或婴儿
—Where
is
the
dog?狗在哪儿?
—It’s
behind
the
bed.在床后面。
They
got
a
baby
and
it
was
very
lovely.他们生了个孩子,孩子很可爱。
用于指代上文提到的情况
He
smokes
in
bed
and
I
don’t
like
it.他在床上抽烟,我不喜欢他这样。
不知道对方的性别时,用it指代
—Listen!Someone
is
crying.听!有人在哭。
—Oh,it
must
be
Mary.噢,一定是玛丽。
【典题链接】
(
)1.(2020,贵州黔南州)Though
the
man
is
not
handsome,
is
very
clever.?
A.its
B.it
C.he
D.she
(
)2.(2020,青海)—Mary
and
her
classmates
are
busy
preparing
for
their
final
examination.
—That’s
why
you
can
always
see
learning
in
the
library.?
A.them
B.us
C.her
C
A
(
)3.—Do
you
love
the
poems
by
Li
Qingzhao?
—Yes,a
little.But
I
prefer
those
by
Du
Fu
because
can
cheer
me
up.?
A.it
B.he
C.they
(
)4.(2020,四川泸州)—Who
is
the
man
in
black
over
there?
—Mr.Smith.He
teaches
math.?
A.we
B.our
C.us
C
C
(
)5.(2020,天津)I
bought
a
present
for
.I
hope
you
like
.?
A.your;this
B.yours;that
C.you;it
D.you;one
C
物主代词
(一)物主代词的分类
物主代词表示“……的”,即所有关系,可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。
(二)物主代词的用法
形容词性物主代词用作定语,具有形容词的特点,后面须接名词,但形容词性物主代词前不能加冠词a,an或the
This
is
my
book.Your
book
is
on
her
desk.这是我的书,你的书在她的桌子上。
名词性物主代词本身具有名词的特征,在句中可以作主语、表语和宾语,其后不可接名词
This
is
my
book.Yours
is
over
there.这是我的书,你的在那儿。(作主语)
This
book
is
mine.这本书是我的。(作表语)
I
love
my
motherland
as
much
as
you
love
yours.我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。(作宾语)
名词性物主代词作of短语的定语,构成“one/a/an/this/that/some/no/three/...+名词+of+名词性物主代词”短语,表示“……中的一个/这个/那个/一些/没有/三个……”
A
friend
of
mine
came
to
meet
me
yesterday.昨天我的一个朋友来看我了。
【典题链接】
(
)6.(2020,云南昆明)—Excuse
me,is
this
Alice’s
pencil
box?
—Yes,it
is.It’s
.?
A.mine
B.ours
C.hers
D.theirs
(
)7.(2020,湖北天门)—Is
this
dictionary??
—Yes,it’s
mine.
A.my
B.your
C.his
D.her
C
B
(
)8.(2020,黑龙江哈尔滨)—It
is
raining
heavily
but
I
don’t
have
an
umbrella
with
me.
—Don’t
worry!
I
have
got
one.You
can
share .?
A.yours
B.ours
C.mine
(
)9.(2019,吉林)Foreigners
often
use
body
languages
to
show
feelings.?
A.they
B.their
C.theirs
C
B
(
)10.(2020,湖南岳阳)The
family
photos
aren’t
in
room.They
must
be
in
.?
A.my;his
B.his;my
C.me;his
A
反身代词
(一)反身代词的构成
用来表示“……自己”的代词称为反身代词,由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称代词宾语形式在词尾加-self或-selves组成。
数
人称
单数
复数
第一人称
myself
ourselves
第二人称
yourself
yourselves
第三人称
himself
themselves
herself
itself
(二)反身代词的用法
【拓展】常用反身代词作其宾语的动词或动词短语有:
enjoy享受;cut割;hurt伤害;amuse娱乐;blame责备;introduce介绍;dress穿衣;help
oneself
to...请随便吃;teach
oneself自学;look
after照顾;take
care
of照看;by
oneself独自。
作宾语
They
are
all
enjoying
themselves
at
the
party
now.现在他们正在聚会上玩得高兴。
作表语
I
am
not
myself
today.我今天不舒服。
作主语或宾语的同位语,表示强调
I
did
all
the
things
myself.我自己做了所有的事情。
【典题链接】
(
)11.(2019,四川遂宁)The
baby
is
too
young.Don’t
leave
her
at
home
by
.?
A.she
B.her
C.hers
D.herself
(
)12.(2020,贵州毕节)Mrs.Green
has
no
time
to
help
us,so
we
need
to
finish
the
work
by .?
A.myself
B.themselves
C.herself
D.ourselves
D
D
(
)13.(2020,江苏连云港)Mars
Base
1
Camp
was
built
in
Jinchang,Gansu,to
let
young
people
experience
for
.?
A.it
B.them
C.itself
D.themselves
D
指示代词
(一)指示代词分单数和复数两种形式
?
近指
远指
单数
this
that
复数
these
those
this,these指时间或空间上离说话人较近的人或物;that,those指时间或空间上距离说话人较远的人或物
This
is
my
father
and
that
is
my
mother.这是我的爸爸,那是我的妈妈。
this,these指即将发生的动作或出现的状态;that,those指已经完成的动作或状态
We’re
going
to
the
opera
tonight.This
will
be
our
first
outing
for
months.我们今晚将去看歌剧,这将是我们几个月来第一次外出。
We
went
to
the
opera
last
night.That
was
our
first
outing
for
months.我们昨晚去看歌剧了,那是我们几个月来第一次外出。
this,these常用来指后面要讲到的事或物,有承接下文的作用
Please
do
it
like
this:first,find
a
piece
of
paper,then,find
a
pencil,and
finally
write
something
on
the
paper.请像这样做:首先,找一张纸,然后,找一支铅笔,最后在纸上写点东西。
that,those可用在比较句中来代替前面的名词以避免重复,但this和these不能这样用
The
weather
in
Hainan
is
much
hotter
than
that
in
Beijing
now.目前海南的天气比北京的天气热得多。
打电话过程中,介绍自己时通常用this指代“我”,询问对方时用that指代“你”
—Hello.This
is
Mary.Who’s
that?你好,我是玛丽。你是谁?
—This
is
Tom.我是汤姆。
(二)指示代词的用法
【典题链接】
(
)14.(2019,江苏连云港)After
the
new
high-speed
railway
line
began
operations,the
time
on
the
trip
from
Lianyungang
to
Qingdao
now
is
much
less
than
in
the
past.?
A.one
B.this
C.that
D.it
(
)15.I
have
a
bad
cold.
is
why
I
didn’t
go
to
school.?
A.This
B.That
C.These
C
B
(
)16.You
will
be
able
to
see
something
if
you
climb
onto
rocks.?
A.this
B.that
C.those
C
不定代词
(一)普通不定代词
some
any
many
much
each
every
both
all
either
neither
(a)
few
none
other
the
other
others
another
(a)
little
one
普通不定代词的常见用法如下:
★some和any
相同点
均可修饰可数名词和不可数名词,表示“一些”,即不确定的数量
不同点
some
一般用于肯定的陈述句中;也可用于表示建议或请求的疑问句中,表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答
There
are
some
apples
on
the
desk.桌子上有一些苹果。
Would
you
like
some
more
rice?你想要多来些米饭吗?
any
多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中;用在肯定陈述句中时表示“任何的;任何一个的”,其后接名词的单数形式
There
isn’t
any
food
in
the
fridge.冰箱里没有食物了。
You
can
ask
any
question
you
like.你可以问你想问的任何问题。
★each和every
如:
Each
of
them
is
wearing
full
dress.他们个个都身着礼服。
Every
good
teacher
should
study
his
subject
carefully.每个好教师都应该认真地研究他的学科。
each
every
可作代词、形容词或副词,可单独使用
仅作定语,不可单独使用
侧重同类东西的个别性
侧重同类东西的共同性
指两者或两者以上的人或物中的“每一个”
指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“每一个”
后可加of短语
后不可加of短语
不可以与not连用
与not连用构成部分否定
★all,any与none
相同点
均用于三个或三个以上的人或物
不同点
all
指
“三个或三个以上的人或物”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,其反义词为none
All
of
the
students
are
having
a
P.E.class.所有的学生都在上体育课。
any
指“三个或三个以上的人或物中的任何一个”,作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式
I
don’t
like
any
of
the
flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。
none
指“三个或三个以上的人或物中没有一个(完全否定)”,相当于not
any,其后常跟of短语,none代替不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单复数均可
None
of
the
money
was
stolen.没有钱被偷。
None
of
us
have/has
seen
him.我们没有一个人见过他。
★one,other(s),the
other(s)与another
不定代词
用法
例句
one
可代替前面提到过的人或物的单数形式,也可用作不定代词表示“一个人;一个”;ones可代替前面的复数名词;one’s是one的所有格形式,反身代词是oneself
One
should
be
kind
to
his
friends.一个人应该对他的朋友们友好。
other
可以作形容词用,后面常跟复数名词,意为“其他的;别的”
He
bought
other
books
besides
these
ones.除了这些书,他还买了其他的书。
the
other
表示两个或两类人或物中的“另一个;另一类”,与one
搭配构成“one...,the
other...”句型
Lucy
has
two
aunts.One
is
a
doctor,and
the
other
is
a
driver.露西有两个姑姑,一个是医生,另一个是司机。
不定代词
用法
例句
others
是代词other的复数形式,泛指“另外的人或物”,常与some搭配构成“some...,others...”句型,others作主语或宾语时,后面不可再加名词或数词
Some
went
to
the
park,and
others
went
skating.一些(人)去了公园,其他(人)去滑冰了。
the
others
表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”
Li
Ping
and
John
have
come
back,but
the
others
in
the
class
aren’t
here
yet.李平和约翰已回来了,但班里其他的人还都不在这儿。
another
作形容词或代词用,指多个中的“再一个”或“另一个”,后接可数名词单数形式或“数词+名词”
Can
you
see
another
bird
in
the
tree?在树上你还能看到另一只鸟吗?
★
few,a
few与little,a
little
[详解请见本书第一篇第5讲]
★
both,either与neither[详解请见本书第一篇第8讲]
(二)复合不定代词
(1)初中阶段常见的复合不定代词
something
anything
nothing
everything
somebody
anybody
nobody
everybody
someone
anyone
no
one
everyone
(2)复合不定代词的用法
用法
例句
由some和
any构成的复合不定代词的区别与some和any的区别基本相同
I
have
something
to
tell
you.我有些事情要告诉你。
Do
you
have
anything
to
eat?你有吃的东西吗?
当形容词或else(另外的)修饰复合不定代词时,要放在复合不定代词之后
There
is
nothing
wrong
with
my
legs.我的腿没什么毛病。
Anything
else?还有什么事吗?
复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语,不能作定语,作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数
Everyone
knows
he
is
friendly
to
others.人人都知道他对别人友好。
当主句中的主语是指人的复合不定代词如
everybody,nobody,anyone等时,其附加疑问句的主语通常用代词they;当主句中的主语是指物的复合不定代词如everything,anything,something,nothing等时,其附加疑问句的主语通常用代词it
Everybody
has
gone
there,haven’t
they?每个人都已去了那儿,对不对?
Everything
is
ready,isn’t
it?一切都准备好了,是吗?
【典题链接】
(
)17.(2020,湖北武汉)—Although
these
were
good
students,
of
them
had
a
score
above
60.?
—I
can’t
believe
it!
A.none
B.no
one
C.some
D.all
(
)18.(2020,四川成都)Molly,my
dictionary
is
not
here.Do
you
have
??
A.it
B.that
C.one
A
C
(
)19.(2020,湖南益阳)—When
are
we
going
to
see
the
movie
Zootopia,this
afternoon
or
tonight?
— is
OK.I’m
free
today.?
A.Either
B.Both
C.Neither
(
)20.(2020,江苏镇江)—Have
you
asked
about
the
case??
—No,except
Bob.
A.everybody
B.anybody
C.nobody
D.somebody
A
A
(
)21.(2020,湖北咸宁)—What
did
Chinese
President
Xi
Jinping
say
during
the
epidemic(疫情)?
—
is
more
important
than
people’s
safety
and
health.?
A.Nothing
B.Everything
C.Something
D.Anything
(
)22.(2020,武威)There’s
wrong
with
the
engine—it’s
making
strange
noises.?
A.nothing
B.anything
C.everything
D.something
A
D
疑问代词
疑问代词
用法
例句
who谁
对人称代词主格进行提问
Who
will
come
with
you
tomorrow?明天谁要和你一起来?(作主语)
whom谁
对人称代词宾格进行提问
Whom
are
you
talking
about?你们在谈论谁?(作宾语)
whose谁的
对物主代词进行提问
Whose
book
is
this?这是谁的书?(作定语)
which哪个
对指定范围内的“哪个”进行提问
Which
do
you
prefer,tea
or
coffee?茶和咖啡,你更喜欢哪个?(作宾语)
what什么
对物进行提问
What’s
this?这是什么?(作表语)
【拓展】what和which的区别
当选择的范围较小或比较明确时,多用which;当选择的范围较大或不明确时,多用what。但是,若指人,即使选择的范围不明确,也多用which。如:
Which
color
do
you
like
best,red,black
or
white?红色、黑色和白色,你最喜欢哪种?
What
class
is
your
brother
in?你哥哥/弟弟在几班?
Which
writers
do
you
like?你喜欢哪些作家?
【典题链接】
(
)23.(2020,上海)— is
in
charge
of
the
summer
concert??
—Jessie.She
has
a
lot
of
experience.
A.Where
B.Why
C.What
D.Who
(
)24.(2018,福建)—
does
Liu
Chuanjian
do??
—He’s
a
pilot
of
Sichuan
Airlines.He’s
a
hero!
A.What
B.Where
C.When
D
A
(
)1.(2020,广西桂林)You
can
ask
some
questions
by
telephone.?
A.he
B.him
C.his
(
)2.(2020,上海) friend
Claude
from
France
is
keen
on
Chinese
culture.?
A.I
B.Me
C.My
D.Mine
B
C
(
)3.(2019,山西)—New
kinds
of
morning
exercises
like
dancing
are
becoming
popular.
—
can
help
us
keep
fit
and
have
fun.?
A.We
B.You
C.They
(
)4.(2020,重庆B卷改编)The
wild
animals
are
in
danger
now.Let’s
protect
.?
A.they
B.them
C.their
D.theirs
C
B
(
)5.(2019,湖南长沙)—So
sorry,I
took
your
school
T-shirt
by
mistake.But
where
is
??
—Don’t
worry.Let
me
help
you
find
it.
A.yours
B.his
C.mine
(
)6.(2020,辽宁营口)—Linda,Mother’s
Day
is
coming.What
will
you
buy
for
your
mother
as
a
gift?
—I
find
scarves
beautiful,so
I
plan
to
buy
for
her.?
A.it
B.one
C.this
D.that
C
B
(
)7.(2020,江苏扬州)
hopes
for
a
sweet
home
as
it
provides
us
with
warmth
and
trust.?
A.None
B.Everyone
C.Nobody
D.Somebody
(
)8.(2020,湖北孝感)Don’t
ask
what
this
country
can
do
for
you.Ask
what
you
can
do
for
this
country.?
A.yourselves
B.you
C.themselves
D.them
B
A
(
)9.(2020,湖北恩施)—Sally,I
have
exciting
to
tell
you.We
will
go
back
to
school
soon.?
—Great!
A.anything
B.something
C.everything
(
)10.(2020,四川自贡)—The
scarf
in
your
hand
is
colorful.Is
it
??
—Yes,but
I’ll
give
it
to
my
sister
as
birthday
present.She
likes
it
very
much.?
A.yours;hers
B.your;hers
C.yours;her
B
C
(
)11.(2016,河南)—What
a
bad
day!
—Everyone
has
one
of
those
days
when
goes
right.?
A.nothing
B.anything
C.everything
D.something
(
)12.(2015,山东烟台)When
our
teacher
heard
of
the
news,he
was
too
angry
to
say
.?
A.everything
B.nothing
C.something
D.anything
A
D
(
)13.(2015,山东泰安)My
hometown
is
becoming
more
and
more
beautiful
with
trees
and
flowers
on
sides
of
the
road.?
A.all
B.both
C.neither
D.either
(
)14.(2015,四川凉山)—
fathers
didn’t
come
to
the
meeting.Why??
—Because
they
have
gone
to
Beijing.
A.Jeff’s
and
Amy’s
B.Jeff
and
Amy
C.Jeff’s
and
Amy
D.Jeff
and
Amy’s
B
A
(
)15.(2015,河北石家庄模拟)The
population
of
China
is
much
larger
than
of
America.?
A.this
B.that
C.those
D.it
(
)16.(2015,湖北孝感)My
friend
and
I
are
interested
in
drawing,but
of
us
is
good
at
it.?
A.neither
B.both
C.none
D.all
B
A
(
)17.(2015,安徽)We
can’t
do
it
that
way—but
whether
it
will
work
is
matter.?
A.other
B.another
C.each
D.every
(
)18.My
brother
likes
painting.It’s
one
of
hobbies.?
A.my
B.her
C.his
D.your
B
C(共13张PPT)
第1讲 名词、代词
第1课时 名词
名词词义的辨析
(一)名词语境辨析
名词词义辨析是每年中考的必考点,且多集中在具体语言环境下名词词义的辨析上,一般出现在单项选择和完形填空中。
针对名词的语境辨析类试题,首先应分辨选项的词义及用法,其次分析语境和逻辑关系,再根据词义和语境选答案,并将所选答案代入题干中验证准确性。
(二)近义名词或同类名词词义辨析
对同类名词的考查主要涉及身体部位类、地点类、职业类、食品类、动物类、生活类、时间类等。
【典题链接】
(
)1.(2020,安徽)—What
do
you
think
of
your
new
house
built
by
the
local
government?
—Pretty
good.I
have
a
of
happiness
now.?
A.warning
B.tradition
C.feeling
D.question
(
)2.(2019,江苏南通)High-speed
trains
are
seen
as
one
of
the
new
Four
Great
of
China.?
A.Achievements
B.Agreements
C.Environments
D.Instructions
C
A
(
)3.(2019,辽宁葫芦岛)Though
Bill
is
very
young,he
has
a
lot
of
about
Chinese
history.?
A.information
B.knowledge
C.background
D.experience
(
)4.(2019,山东东营)It’s
not
a
good
for
students
to
go
online
just
for
answers
to
homework.?
A.skill
B.game
C.hobby
D.habit
B
D
名词所有格
名词所有格是用来表示人或事物的所有以及所属关系。
(一)-’s形式的所有格
类别
构成方法
例词
有生命的
单数名词
加“’s”
Jack’s
car杰克的车
有生命的
复数名词
以s结尾加“’”
the
teachers’
office老师的办公室
不以s结尾加“’s”
children’s
book儿童书
表示时间、距离、国家等名词
单数名词后面加“’s”
today’s
newspaper今天的报纸
Shanghai’s
population上海的人口
复数名词后加“’”
two
weeks’
holiday两周的假期
thirty
minutes’
walk三十分钟的路程
表示几个人共同拥有某物
在最后一个名词后加“’s”
Lucy
and
Lily’s
mother露西和莉莉的妈妈(两个人共有)
表示每个人各自拥有
在各个名词后加“’s”
Tom’s
and
Mike’s
rooms汤姆的房间和迈克的房间(各自所有)
(
)10.(2019,江苏连云港)On
April
24,Xie
Wenjun
raced
to
gold
in
the
110-meter
hurdles
at
the
Asian
Athletics
Championships
in
Qatar.?
A.man
B.men
C.men’s
D.mens’
(
)11.(2019,青海)—Whose
jackets
are
these?
—They
are
.They
said
they
lost
them
yesterday.?
A.ours
B.Li
Lei
and
Li
Tao’s
C.Li
Lei’s
and
Li
Tao’s
C
C
(
)12.(2019,广西贺州)The
woman
wearing
a
pair
of
glasses
is .?
A.Lily
and
Lucy’s
mother
B.Lily’s
and
Lucy’s
mother
C.Lily’s
and
Lucy’s
mothers
D.Lily
and
Lucy’s
mothers
A
(
)1.(2020,广西百色)Helen
sings
every
day.It
seems
that
she
likes
very
much.?
A.sports
B.music
C.fruit
D.vegetables
(
)2.(2020,内蒙古呼和浩特)While
she
was
in
Milan,she
developed
a for
fine
art.?
A.way
B.habit
C.taste
B
C
(
)3.(2020,辽宁丹东)—Jim,I
have
in
finishing
so
much
work.?
—Don’t
worry.I
can
help
you.
A.ability
B.success
C.experience
D.difficulty
(
)4.(2020,湖北孝感)—Do
you
know
Liu
Hui
finally
entered
a
top
school?
—Certainly.That’s
the
of
his
hard
work.?
A.habit
B.suggestion
C.result
D.decision
D
C
(
)5.(2020,贵州毕节)Mom,I
am
thirsty,but
I
don’t
like
tea.Could
I
have
some ??
A.tea
B.bread
C.juice
D.cookies
(
)6.(2020,河北)In
a
restaurant,people
usually
choose
food
and
drink
from
the
.?
A.book
B.menu
C.newspaper
D.magazine
C
B
(
)7.(2019,黑龙江大庆)The
problems
are
difficult
to
solve.Please
give
me
.?
A.many
advice
B.some
advice
C.an
advice
D.some
advices
(
)8.(2020,四川自贡)—A
boy
is
flying
a
kite
over
there.Who
is
he?
—He
is
brother.?
A.Lucy’s
and
Lily’s
B.Lucy
and
Lily’s
C.Lucy’s
and
Lily
B
B
(
)9.(2019,湖南怀化)
room
looks
very
clean.?
A.Bob
and
Dave’s
B.Bob’s
and
Dave’s
C.Bob’s
and
Dave
A
