(共22张PPT)
第2课时 冠词
定冠词the的用法
用法
例词或例句
表示特指
The
girl
in
blue
is
my
sister.那个穿蓝色衣服的女孩是我姐姐/妹妹。
表示前面提到过的人或事物
I
was
born
in
a
village.There
is
a
small
river
near
the
village.我出生在一个村庄。在这个村庄附近有一条小河。
表示说话双方都熟悉的人或事物
Look
at
the
picture.看这幅图画。
表示世界上独一无二的事物
the
sun太阳 the
moon月亮 the
earth地球 the
sky天空 the
world世界
用在形容词最高级、序数词及only,right等词之前
This
was
the
most
interesting
voyage
we
had
ever
had.这是我们经历过的最有趣的航行。
I
live
on
the
fourth
floor.我住在四楼。
The
only
way
to
discover
the
right
path
is
to
try.唯一能够找到正确道路的方式就是尝试。
用法
例词或例句
“the+形容词比较级”表示“比较……的那个”
She
is
the
taller
of
the
two.她是两个人中较高的那个。
the+方位名词(+of+名词)
Li
Lei
comes
from
the
south
of
China.李雷来自中国的南方。
用在姓氏复数前,表示一家人或夫妇
The
Wangs
are
on
holiday.王先生一家人在度假。
用在西洋乐器前
play
the
piano弹钢琴
play
the
violin拉小提琴
用在某些形容词前,表示一类人
the
poor穷人 the
old老人
the
sick病人 the
living活着的人
用在表示海洋、山脉、河流、群岛、海峡、沙漠、复数形式的国名,以及由普通名词构成的专有名词前
the
Pacific
Ocean太平洋
the
Yellow
River黄河
the
British
Isles不列颠群岛
the
Persian
Gulf波斯湾
the
English
Channel英吉利海峡
the
Sahara
Desert撒哈拉沙漠
the
USA美国
用法
例词或例句
用在报纸、杂志、会议、条约等名词前
The
New
York
Times
《纽约时报》
the
Atlantic
Pact大西洋条约
用在公共建筑、机关、团体、组织等名词前
the
Beijing
Station北京火车站
the
History
Museum历史博物馆
the
Great
Wall长城
the
Communist
Party
of
China中国共产党
用在“越……,越……”结构中
The
sooner,the
better.越快越好。
用在一些固定搭配中
in
the
morning在早晨
in
the
end最后
the
day
after
tomorrow后天
by
the
way顺便问一下
【巧学妙记】定冠词the用法口诀
特指双方都熟悉,上文已经被提及;
世上无二仅独一,序数词和最高级;
山海群岛建筑物,姓氏复数奏乐器;
少数形表一类人,方位名词须牢记;
普构专有惯用词,试用此诀有效率。
【典题链接】
(
)1.(2020,湖北恩施)I
got
a
nice
gift
from
my
aunt
and
gift
was
a
souvenir(纪念品)
from
her
study
tour
in
England.?
A./
B.a
C.the
(
)2.(2020,重庆A卷改编)Look,there
are
so
many
stars
in
sky.?
A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
C
C
(
)3.(2019,湖南湘潭改编)This
year
is
71st
anniversary(周年)
of
the
founding
of
the
People’s
Republic
of
China.?
A.a
B.an
C.the
(
)4.(2019,山东临沂)Berlin
is
capital
of
Germany.?
A./
B.a
C.the
C
C
(
)5.—When
will
car
race
begin??
—I’m
not
sure.Maybe
next
week,or
maybe
week
after
next.?
A.a;the
B.an;the
C.the;the
C
不定冠词a和an的用法
不定冠词a和an用于名词之前,表示“一个”或“一”。a用于以辅音音素开头的名词之前,an用于以元音音素开头的名词之前。
用法
例词或例句
用于第一次提到某人或某物,表泛指
There
is
a
boy
in
the
room.房间里有一个男孩。
用于一类人或物中的任何一个,相当于any
A
child
needs
love.小孩需要爱。
表示类别,泛指一类人或物
An
orange
is
orange.橘子是橘色的。
表示数量,相当于one
There
is
a
tiger
in
the
zoo.动物园里有一只老虎。
表示“每一”,相当于every
We
go
swimming
four
times
a
week.我们每周去游泳四次。
在月份、星期及evening,night,morning,afternoon等名词前有修饰定语时,一律用a
On
a
windy
morning,he
came
back.在一个刮风的早晨,他回来了。
用法
例词或例句
用于序数词前,不表示顺序,而用来表示“又一;再一”
He
tried
a
second
time.他又试了一次。
用于“such/quite/many
a...”“so+形容词+a+单数可数名词”“such+a+形容词+单数可数名词”等结构中
It
is
such
a
nice
skirt.这是一件多么好看的裙子啊。
用于可视为一个整体的两个名词前
a
knife
and
fork一副刀叉
用于某些固定搭配中
all
of
a
sudden突然
as
a
result结果
a
little一点;一些
a
bit一点
a
lot
(of...)许多
have
a
cold感冒
【巧学妙记】不定冠词用法口诀
泛指首提为最多,有时表示某“一个”;
物质抽象表“一场”,so加形容再加“a”;
可数名词为“一类”,序数词前“又一个”;
quite等词常放后,固定短语须琢磨。
【拓展】下表是常见的以元音字母开头的单词用a,an的各种情况。
Aa
an
apple/an
artist/an
aunt/an
Asian
country/an
American
girl
Ee
a
European
country/an
egg
/an
eight-year-old
boy/an
11-year-old
boy
Ii
an
idea/an
interesting
story
Oo
an
orange/an
old
man/an
outgoing
girl
Uu
a
useful
book/a
university
student/a
UFO/a
usual
story/an
umbrella/an
ugly
man/an
uncle/an
unusual
story/an
unhappy
smile
特别记忆
不规则:an
hour/an
honest
man等
【典题链接】
(
)6.(2020,贵州安顺)Chinese
volleyball
player
Zhu
Ting
has
become
world-recognized
sports
star.?
A./
B.a
C.the
(
)7.(2020,上海)Kelly’s
cheese
cakes
were
sold
out
within
half
hour
at
the
night
market.?
A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
B
B
(
)8.(2019,湖南湘西)—Jimmy,what
do
you
want
to
be
when
you
grow
up?
—I
want
to
be
engineer.?
A.a
B.an
C.the
(
)9.(2019,湖北孝感)Autumn
is
beautiful
season
with
fresh
air
and
fallen
leaves.?
A.a
B.an
C.the
B
A
(
)10.(2019,山东东营)Hong
Kong-Zhuhai-Macao
Bridge,the
world’s
longest
sea-based
project,brings
people
in
those
three
cities
within
“one-hour
living
circle”.?
A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
(
)11.(2019,黑龙江绥化)“
apple
a
day
keeps
the
doctor
away.”
is
useful
saying.?
A.An;an
B.An;a
C.A;a
A
B
用法
例词或例句
不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时,前面不用冠词
Animals
can’t
live
without
water.没有水,动物不能生存。
名词前已有指示代词(this,that),物主代词(my,your,his,our,their),不定代词
(some,any)
或名词所有格时,不用冠词
this
book这本书
my
son我的儿子
Lucy’s
bike露西的自行车
三餐名词前不加冠词
have
breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner吃早/午/晚餐
星期、月份、季节、节假日前不用冠词
on
Sunday在星期天
in
February在二月
in
winter在冬季
Happy
New
Year!新年快乐!
学科名词、球类、棋类名词前不用冠词
learn
English学英语
play
soccer踢足球
play
chess下棋
零冠词的用法
用法
例词或例句
在与by连用的交通工具名词前,不用冠词
I
usually
go
to
school
by
bus.我通常坐公交车去上学。
在人名、地名、街道名、城市名、州、省、机场以及大多数大学、公园等专有名词前不用冠词
Chang’an
Street长安街
Shanghai
Airport上海机场
Peking
University
北京大学
在称呼语、职位或头衔前不用冠词
Uncle
Wang
likes
red.王叔叔喜欢红色。
He
is
chairman
of
the
Parent-Teacher
Association.他是家长教师会的主席。
大多数专有名词、抽象名词、物质名词前不用冠词
Failure
is
the
mother
of
success.失败是成功之母。
Blood
is
thicker
than
water.血浓于水。
两个相对或相同的名词并用时,不用冠词
day
and
night日夜
face
to
face面对面
在一些固定短语中不用冠词
in
time及时 at
home
在家
go
to
school
上学 on
foot
步行 by
mistake
出错 at
first
起初 at
once立刻
【巧学妙记】零冠词用法口诀
代词限定名词前,学科球类和三餐;
专有名词不可数,星期月份季节前;
复数名词表泛指,颜色游戏和感官;
交通手段和节日,习俗称谓和头衔。
【注意】节日前一般不加冠词,但我国含有“Festival”的传统节日前,要加定冠词the。如:the
Spring
Festival春节 the
Mid-Autumn
Festival
中秋节 the
Lantern
Festival元宵节 the
Dragon
Boat
Festival端午节
【典题链接】
(
)12.(2020,江苏南通)Tom
was
happy
to
get
a
chance
to
play
football
for
the
school
team.?
A.a
B.an
C.the
D.不填
(
)13.(2019,江苏淮安)To
save
time,many
students
have
lunch
at
school
every
day.?
A.a
B.an
C./
D.the
D
C
(
)14.(2019,云南曲靖改编)—It’s
reported
that
5G
network
will
let
people
download
and
upload
faster
than
before.
—What
amazing
news!?
A.a
B.the
C.an
D./
(
)15.(2018,江苏泰州改编)Among
all
Chinese
traditional
arts,Nancy
likes
Beijing
Opera
best
because
it
is
really
fun.?
A./;a
B./;/
C.the;a
D.the;/
D
B
(
)1.(2020,浙江温州)I
have dog.His
name
is
Floppy.?
A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
(
)2.(2020,湖南湘西)I
enjoy
having breakfast
with
my
family
at
home.It
makes
me
feel
relaxed.?
A.a
B.the
C./
(
)3.(2020,黑龙江哈尔滨)—Candy,I
have
a
toothache.What
should
I
do?
—You’d
better
see
a
dentist
and
get
X-ray.?
A.an
B.a
C./
(
)4.(2019,湖南岳阳)We
can’t
see
sun
at
night.?
A.a
B.an
C.the
(
)5.(2019,湖南益阳)Mr.Brown
has
eight-year-old
daughter.She
is
very
lovely.?
A.a
B.an
C.the
A
C
A
C
B
(
)6.(2019,武威)Lily
practices
playing
piano
after
school
every
day.?
A.a
B.an
C./
D.the
(
)7.(2020,江苏扬州)In
2016,
China
set
April
24
as
country’s
Space
Day.?
A.a;the
B.the;the
C.the;/
D./;the
(
)8.(2020,四川自贡)—Look,who’s
woman
in
red??
—She’s
my
new
English
teacher
with
eight-year-old
daughter.?
A.the;a
B.a;an
C.the;an
D
D
C(共21张PPT)
第3讲 数词、冠词
第1课时 数词
基数词的常见用法
用法
例词或例句
表示数量,百位数与十位数之间用and连接,十位数与个位数之间用连字符“-”连接
250可写作:two
hundred
and
fifty
21可写作:twenty-one
表示
时刻
直接表达法,即直接读出来,也称顺读法,“小时+分钟”
7:05
读作seven
five
7:30
读作
seven
thirty
间接表达法,即倒读法,在半个小时之内用“分钟+past+小时(几点过几分)”;超过半个小时用“分钟+to+小时(差几分几点)”
8:30读作half
past
eight
3:05读作five
past
three
5:45读作a
quarter
to
six
整点一般用“基数词+o’clock”
5:00读作five
o’clock
表示顺序,基数词表示顺序时,由“单数名词+基数词”构成,此时名词和基数词的首字母通常都要大写
Grade
Eight八年级
Room
108
108房间
【典题链接】
(
)1.Today
is
Jack’s
birthday.He
is
years
old
now.?
A.fourteenth
B.fourteen
C.the
fourteenth
(
)2.—How
do
you
say
“1:57”
in
English?
—It’s
.?
A.three
past
two
B.fifty-seven
past
one
C.three
to
two
B
C
序数词的常见用法
用法
例词或例句
表示顺序,其前一般要加the
I’m
the
first
one
to
arrive
here.我是第一个到这儿的。
序数词前若有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等限定词,则不用加the
It’s
my
second
time
to
visit
Changsha.这是我第二次参观长沙。
Today
is
my
mother’s
fiftieth
birthday.今天是我妈妈的五十岁生日。
序数词前面也可以加不定冠词a或an,表示“又一;再”,内含顺序性
We’ve
tried
it
three
times.Must
we
try
it
a
fourth
time?我们已经试过三遍了,我们还必须试第四次吗?
编号表示法:名词+基数词
=
the+序数词+名词
Lesson
One=the
first
lesson第一课
用于最高级前,表示“第几……”
The
park
is
the
third
largest
one
in
Beijing.这个公园是北京第三大公园。
【巧学妙记】基数词变序数词口诀
基变序,有规律,一二三,特殊记,加th从四起;
八去t来九去e,ve要用f替,ty变为tie,后加th莫迟疑;
若是碰到几十几,只变个位就可以。
【拓展】常考基数词与序数词对照
one—first
two—second
three—third
four—fourth
five—fifth
six—sixth
seven—seventh
eight—eighth
nine—ninth
ten—tenth
eleven—eleventh
twelve—twelfth
thirteen—thirteenth
fourteen—fourteenth
fifteen—fifteenth
sixteen—sixteenth
seventeen—seventeenth
eighteen—eighteenth
nineteen—nineteenth
twenty—twentieth
thirty—thirtieth
forty—fortieth
fifty—fiftieth
sixty—sixtieth
seventy—seventieth
eighty—eightieth
ninety—ninetieth
twenty-one—
twenty-first
twenty-two—twenty-second
twenty-three—
twenty-third
thirty-four—
thirty-fourth
thirty-seven—thirty-seventh
one
hundred—
one
hundredth
【典题链接】
(
)3.(2020,辽宁丹东)The
words
from
Page
1
to
Page
3
are
very
clear.But
the
ones
on
the
page
are
not.?
A.first
B.two
C.three
D.fourth
(
)4.(2020,贵州黔南州)Tomorrow
we
are
going
to
celebrate
my
dear
grandpa’s
birthday.?
A.eighty
B.eightieth
C.eight
D.eighth
D
B
(
)5.(2020,山东滨州)—I
like
the
number
“9”
best,because
I
think
it
stands
for
“long
lasting”.
—Me,too.So
I
choose
floor
to
live
on.?
A.nine
B.ninth
C.the
nine
D.the
ninth
(
)6.(2019,山东滨州)—Which
month
of
the
year
do
you
like
best?
—July,the
month,because
summer
vacation
begins
in
this
month.?
A.seven
B.six
C.seventh
D.sixth
D
C
(
)7.(2018,四川达州)—Which
country
do
you
think
will
win
the
first
prize
of
the
FIFA
World
Cup??
—You
mean
the
football
match
that
will
be
held
in
??
A.twenty-one;Russia
B.twenty-first;Russian
C.twenty-first;Russia
D.twenty-one;Russian
C
概数词的用法
用法
例词
hundred,thousand,million等词与具体的数字one,two等或several,some,many等连用,表示确切的数字要用单数形式
five
hundred
computers五百台电脑
two
thousand
books两千本书
many
million
buildings几百万栋楼房
hundred,thousand,million等词与of
连用表示不确切的数字时,要用复数形式,前面不能再加数词
thousands
of
schools成千上万所学校
millions
of
trees数以百万棵树
【典题链接】
(
)8.(2020,湖南益阳)We
all
know
that
birds
fly
to
Dongting
Lake
in
winter.?
A.million
B.millions
C.millions
of
(
)9.Two
students
in
our
school
are
from
the
countryside.?
A.hundred
of
B.hundreds
of
C.hundred
C
C
(
)10.There
are
teachers
in
our
school
and
most
of
them
are
women
teachers.?
A.hundreds
of
B.hundred
of
C.hundreds
(
)11.(2018,广西河池)There
are
about
three
students
in
our
school.?
A.thousands
B.thousands
of
C.thousand
D.thousand
of
A
C
分数的表达法
【注意】1/2
a
half;1/4
a
quarter;3/4
three
quarters
用法
例词或例句
分数构成为:分子为基数词,分母为序数词,分子大于1时,分母加-s
1/3:one
third
2/3:two
thirds
2/5:two
fifths
“分数+of+名词”作主语,谓语动词的单复数应由名词的单复数来决定
Two
thirds
of
the
work
has
been
finished.三分之二的工作已被完成。(谓语动词的单复数形式与work保持一致)
Three
quarters
of
the
workers
in
the
factory
are
women
workers.这座工厂四分之三的工人是女工。(谓语动词的单复数形式与workers保持一致)
【典题链接】
(
)12.(2020,四川广元)There
are
fifty
students
in
this
class,
of
them
are
boys,so
the
number
of
the
boys
is
30.?
A.three
fifth
B.three
fifths
C.three
five
(
)13.(2020,黑龙江绥化)About
of
the
students
don’t
like
studying
online
in
my
class,because
they
can’t
discuss
with
their
classmates.?
A.one
three
B.one
thirds
C.one
third
B
C
(
)14.(2020,湖北鄂州改编)Because
of
the
special
situation
this
year,about
of
the
students
in
our
school
having
classes
on
the
Internet
at
home.?
A.two
thirds;are
B.two
third;is
C.second
thirds;are
D.two
thirds;is
A
(
)1.(2019,湖南湘西)—How
many
books
are
there
on
the
shelf?
—Well.I
think
there
are
books.?
A.two
hundred
and
forty-six
B.two
hundreds
and
forty
C.two
hundred
fourteen
(
)2.(2020,贵州毕节)His
office
is
at
the
top
of
the
tall
building.You
should
take
a
lift
to
the
floor.?
A.first
B.thirtieth
C.thirty
D.thirteen
A
B
(
)3.(2018,山东青岛)It’s
my
daughter’s
birthday
today.She’s
years
old.?
A.eighteen
B.eighteenth
C.the
eighteen
D.the
eighteenth
(
)4.(2019,黑龙江绥化)His
mother
took
him
to
visit
the
Great
Wall
on
his
birthday.?
A.nine
B.nineth
C.ninth
A
C
(
)5.(2018,山东东营)We
asked
1,000
students
from
Hope
School
about
what
kind
of
books
they
love.Here
are
the
results.
?
According
to
the
pie
chart
above,
of
the
students
love
science
books.?
A.ten
percent
B.fifteen
percent
C.a
quarter
D.half
D
(
)6.(2019,黑龙江龙东)The
apartment
has
floors
and
Mr.Green
lives
on
the
floor.?
A.twelfth;twelfth
B.twelve;twelfth
C.twelfth;twelve
(
)7.(2020,重庆B卷)Teachers’
Day
is
in
Septem-ber,the
month
of
the
year.?
A.nine
B.ninth
C.ten
D.tenth
B
B
(
)8.(2020,湖北恩施)Among
all
these
books,
of
them
are
for
children
to
read.?
A.three
fifth
B.three
fifths
C.threes
fifth
(
)9.(2020,四川遂宁)They
worked
for days,and
finished
the task
successfully.?
A.twelve;two
B.twelve;second
C.twelfth;two
D.twelfth;second
B
B
