知识点归纳总结
Unit
11
Sad
movies
make
me
cry.
Section
A
1.make
各种用法
A.
实义动词
做,制作,建造
make
sb
sth=
make
sth
for
sb
整理
铺(床)
make
the
bed
整理床铺
制定、规定
made
a
study
plan
制定学习计划
产生、引起(某事物)
make
a
noise
弄出噪音
make
trouble
总计;等于
Two
and
two
makes
four.
二加二等于四。
准备;布置
构成;组成;成为
make
up
B.使役动词
使…处于…状态,使成为
make
+宾语+宾补(n.,adj.,v.,-ing,-ed)
(1)make
宾语
+n.
使,让某人/某物(成为)
We
made
him
our
monitor.
(2)
make
宾语
+adj.
使,让某人/某事(变得)…
使某人感到……;
使……处于某种状态
(3)
make
宾语
+do
使,让某人/物干…
被动:be
made
to
do
sth被让去做某事
此类结构变被动to必须还原。类似的还有“一感二听三让四看”let,
have,
hear,
see,watch,
notice,
feel等
(4)
make
宾语
+doing…
使,让某人一直干…
He
makes
the
boys
standing
all
the
time
(5)
make
宾语
+done…
使,让某人被…
make
oneself
understood/
heard
/
known让别人听懂
/
听见
/
知道
C.make
it(形式宾语)
+adj./n.
(作宾语补足语+
to
do
sth(真正主语)
This
makes
it
possible
for
agriculture
and
industry
to
develop
quickly.这使工农业有可能很快发展。
D.
make
+
it(形式宾语)
+
adj./n.(作宾语补足语)
+从句(作真正的宾语)
They
want
to
make
it
clear
to
the
public
that
they
do
an
important
and
necessary
job.
他们要向公众表明,
他们所做的工作不但重要,
而且是必不可少的
E.make
构成的词组
(1)
be
made
of
+材料(看得出原材料)
被用……制成
(2)
be
made
from+材料
(看不出原材料)
被用……制成
(3)
be
made
in
+产地
在某地制造……
(4)
be
made
up
of
…
=consist
of“被……
构成
Our
class
is
made
up
of/consists
of
28
boys
and
26
girls.
F.
make
it
习惯用语,及时赶到,到达目的地
make
it
办成功,做到,赶到
I
think
we’ll
just
make
it.
及时到达;赶上
The
train
leaves
in
five
minutes,
we’ll
never
make
it!
约定(时间)
2.I’d
rather
’d
rather
是would
rather
缩写形式,宁愿;宁可;更喜欢
后跟动词原形
表示选择
没有人称和数的变化,
would
rather
do
sth.
=prefer
to
do
sth
宁愿做某事
would
rather
not
do
sth
宁愿不做某事
疑问句:would
rather
do
A
than
do
B=would
do
A
rather
than
do
B
would
rather
do
A
than
do
B
宁愿做A而不愿做B=prefer
to
do
A
rather
than
do
B
宁愿做A而不愿做B
3.
Waiting
for
Amy
drove
Tina
mad.
动名词做主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数
rive
→
drove→
driven
v
驾驶;
迫使→
driver
n
司机
go
for
a
drive
开车兜风(for
表示目的)
drive
v.
迫使
(1)drive
sb.
+
adj. 使某人怎样 drive
sb.
crazy/mad
=make
sb.
crazy/mad使某人发疯/发狂
drive
sb.
to
do
sth
驱使某人做某事
4.have
fun
=have
a
good
time/
great
time
=
enjoy
oneself
玩的开心
have
fun
with
sb.
和某人玩的开心
have
fun
doing
sth
很愉快做某事
5.
yes
and
no
既是又不是;不能说定
表示对某一问题的两可回答
Were
you
surprised
when
you
received
something
from
Andy?
你收到安迪的东西时惊吗?
Well,
yes
and
no.
I
knew
he
would
send
me
something.
But
I
just
wasn’t
sure
what
it
would
be.
嗯,既惊讶又不惊讶。我知道他会送我东
西,但是不知道他会送什么。
6.
make
sb
mad
使某人发疯/发狂=drive
sb.
crazy/mad
=make
sb.
crazy
7.
I’m
not
sure
what
to
do
about
it.
关于这件事我不确信该做什么。
sure
(1)
adj.确信的,确实的;
一定的
make
sure
确保,核实,查收,弄清楚
be
sure
to
do
sth
一定要做某事
be
sure
not
to
do
sth
千万不要做某事
常用于祈使句
be
sure
+that
从句
相信;对......有把握
主语必须是人
be
sure
about
/of+n/pron
确信.......,
对.......有把握
主语必须是人
(2)
adv.当然;
确实地;
无疑地=Certainly
=
Of
course
Can
I
borrow
these
magazines?我能借这些杂志吗?
Sure
/
Certainly
/
Of
course.
当然可以
(3)
what
to
do和how
to
do
it
的区别
这两个短语都是特殊疑问词加不定式构成的,相当于宾语从句。
I
don't
know
what
to
do.
(=
I
don't
know
what
I
can
do
.)
I
don't
know
how
to
do
it=I
don't
know
what
to
do
8.
What
happened?
发生了什么事
happen
v
发生
没有被动语态,主语是物,强调某事发生的偶然性
(1)
sth.+happen+地点/时间
某地/某时发生了某事What’s
happening
outside?
外面发生什么事了?
(2)
sth.
happen
to
sb.
某事发生在某人身上
What
happened
to
you?=What
was
wrong
with
him?
A
car
accident
happened
to
him
yesterday.
昨天他发生了交通事故。
(3)
sb.
happen
to
do
sth.
某人碰巧做某事
She
happened
to
be
out
when
we
called.
(4)
take
place
发生,指事情有计划有安排地发生
The
sports
meeting
took
place
in
our
school
last
week.
9.
The+adj/adv比较级(+句子),
the+adj/adv比较级(+句子)
越……越…..
表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化,其中的两个the都是副词,而不是冠词。
The
harder
you
work,
the
greater
progress
you
will
make.你越用功,进步就越大。
10.have
…in
common
有共同点;相似
have
one
thing
in
common.
有一个共同点
have
little
in
common.
有很少的共同点
have
nothing
in
common.
没有共同点
11.friend
n
朋友
→
friendly
adj.
有好的
(反)unfriendly
→friendship
n
友谊
(1)
make
friends
交朋友
(2)
make
friends
with
sb.
与某人交朋友
(3)
be
friendly
to
对….友好
(4)
be
friends
with
sb是某人的朋友,
成为某人的朋友
12.have/has
been
doing
现在完成进行时
表示某动作从过去某个时间开始一直延续到现在,并且可能持续下去
13.lately
adv
最近,不久前=
recently
常常用于完成时的句子中
14.Why
don’t
+sb.+do
sth.?
=Why
not
+
do
sth.?
为何不……?
用来提出建议或劝告。
Why
don’t
you
go
with
us?
=Why
not
go
with
us?你为什么不和我们一起去呢?
15.each
time
名词词组,
充当连词引导时间状语从句,
每一次……
类似词组every
time,
next
time,
last
time,
the
first
time等
You
should
take
off
your
shoes
first
each
time
you
enter
the
room.
每次你进入房间就应该先脱鞋。
Then
she
won’t
feel
left
out.
然后她就不会觉得被忽略(
2d
)
16.feel
left
out
(感到)被忽略;被冷落
leave
out
不包括;不提及;忽略
to
be
/feel
left
out
(感觉)被遗忘;(感觉)被忽略
No
one
speaks
to
him,
he
always
feels
left
out.
没人跟他讲话,他总是觉得被人冷落。
17.
feel
like
doing
sth.=want
to
do
sth=
would
like
to
do
想要做……
此处like为介词,相似;类似;像
I
feel
like
going
out
for
a
walk
.
=
I
want
to
go
out
for
a
walk.我想出去散散步。
feel
like
的其他用法
(1)
摸起来像……
It
feels
like
silk.
这东西摸起来像丝绸。
(2)
感觉像(是)…
My
legs
feel
like
cotton
wool.
我感觉两条腿软得像棉花一样。
(3)
有……的感觉
I’m
surprised
that
he
feels
like
that.
我奇怪他会有这种感觉。
(4)
给人的感觉(像)是……
I
was
only
there
two
days,
but
it
felt
like
a
week.
我只在那里呆了两天,但好像过了一个星期似的。
(5)想吃或喝……
Do
you
feel
like
a
drink?
你想喝点什么吗?
(6)It
feels
like..
表示天气
时间等
好像要/似乎是...
18.
a
long
time
ago
很久以前
long
long
ago
很久很久以前
once
upon
a
time
从前
用于讲故事开头
(as)
pale
as
chalk
一种明喻修辞结构,脸色惨白;苍白
for
no
reason
没有理由的;无缘无故
19.
call
in 召来,叫来,找来
Call
in
the
doctor
at
once.
马上去请医生来。
(1)
call
sb.
in
召来;叫来
I
called
the
police
in.
我叫来了警察。
(2)
call
sth.
in
下令收回;要求退回
He
only
waited
two
minutes
before
he
was
called
in.
他只等了两分钟就被叫了进去。
call
back
唤回,叫回
call
up
(给……)打电话
call
away
叫走,叫开
20.
examine
v
(仔细)检查,检验
→
n
examination
examine
sb.
on
/in
sth对某人进行......的考试
21.
Neither
medicine
nor
rest
can
help
him.
无论是药物还是休息都帮不了他。
(1)
both,
either
&
neither
neither两者都不
作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
Neither
of
his
parents
is
a
doctor.
他的父母都不是医生。
both两者都,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Both
of
his
parents
are
doctors.
他的父母都是医生。
either两者中的任何一个,作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
Either
of
his
parents
is
a
doctor.
他的父母中有一个是医生。
(2)
either...or
...
;
.或者……或者……;不是……就是……
两者之一,连接句子中两个并列的成分,谓语动词的单复数采取就近原则。
Either
you
or
I
am
going
there
tomorrow.
明天要么你去那里,要么我去那里。
(3)
both
…
and…既……又……
连接任意两个并列成份,做主语是谓语动词用复数。
Both
you
and
I
are
going
there
tomorrow.
明天我们俩都要去那里。
(4)
neither…nor
既不……也不,谓语动词跟最近的主语一致
就近原则。
Neither
he
nor
I
am
from
Beijing.他和我都不在北京。
(5)
neither
of... 两者都不(作主语,谓语用单数)
both
of... 两者都(作主语,谓语用复数数)
either
of... 两者中的任何一个(作主语,谓语用单数)
22.(1)
worry
v
担心
→
worried
adj.
焦急的
be
worried
about
=worry
about
担心
(2)
try
v
试图,设法,努力
try
on
试穿
try
to
do
sth
努力做某事
侧重尽力做
try
doing
sth
试图做某事
侧重尝试做
try
one’s
best
to
do
sth=
do
one’s
best
to
do
sth
尽某人最大努力做某事
(3)
take
one's
position 取代某人的位置(=take
one's
place)
23.wealth
n
财富
→
wealthy
adj.
富有的
比较级
wealthier
;最高级wealthiest
be
wealthy
in
......丰富
Health
is
better
than
wealth
健康胜于财富
follow
v
跟随,跟着→
following
adj.
下述的,接着的
be
followed
by
被跟随
follow
sb.
to
do
sth
跟随某人做某事
as
follow
如下
follow
one’s
example
效仿他人的作法
follow
one’s
nose凭直觉行事
Lightning
was
quickly
followed
by
heavy
thunder.
闪电过后,很快就是雷声滚滚(打雷跟在闪电之后)
in
three
days’
time
3天的时间
in+时间段
在一段时间内,用于将来时
用
how
soon
提问
26.to
start
with
首先=
first或firstly,
句首,表示事情发生的先后顺序
start
to
do
sth/
start
doing
sth开始做某事
from
start
to
finish
自始自终
27.
disappoint
vt.使(人)失望;使破灭;使落空
adj
disappointed
disappointing
(1)
disappoint
sb.
使某人失望
(2)
disappointed指人,感到失望的
be
disappointed
at
sth.对......感到失望
be
disappointed
with
sb.对某人感到失望
be
disappointed
to
do
sth.;
很失望做某事
(3)
disappointing指物,令人失望的
a
disappointment
一件令人失望的事或令人扫兴的人
(4)
to
one's
disappointment表示“使某人失望的是”,
这条令人失望的消息使我失望。
The
disappointing
news
disappointed
me.
=
The
disappointing
news
made
me
disappointed.
=I
was
disappointed
at
the
disappointing
news.=To
my
disappointment,
the
news
was
disappointing.
=The
news
was
disappointing,
which
was
a
disappointment
to
me.
Section
B
1.
a
happy
person
with
power,
money
and
fame.
一个既有权又有钱的快乐的人
with
表伴随,
带着……,
与……
一起,
随着,
有
without
没有
后面均可接名词或动名词
He
left
without
saying
a
word.他一句话都没有说就走了。
2.search
for
搜寻,寻找
宾语是寻找的目标
search
sth/sb
搜查某处或某物/
搜某人的身
3.
keep
one’s
eyes
on
sth.
盯着……,
留意;照看
4.weigh
v
称.....的重量;衡量
→weight
n
重量
lose
weight
减肥
gain/put
on
weght
增肥
shoulder
n
肩;肩膀
on
one’s
shoulder
在某人的双肩上
shoulder
to
shoulder
肩并肩的
5.(1)
could
have
done
过去本能够做某事但未做
含责备意义
(2)
miss
doing
sth. 错过做某事
6.
let
sb.
down
不能帮助;不能支持(某人);使失望;放下;降低
let
sb.
down
=make
sb.
frustrated
使……失望或沮丧
go
down下降,降低,被载入,传下去
take
down记下,写下
die
down渐渐消失,平息
let
down放下,降低,使失望
write
down写下,记下
put
down记下,放下,镇压,平定
turn
down(把音量)调低
cut
down砍倒
fall
down倒下,跌倒
up
and
down上上下下
turn
down
把音量)调低
go
down
the
street沿着这条街走
walk
down
...沿着...走
look
down
upon
轻视,瞧不起
sit
down
坐下
lie
down躺下,躺倒
7.
because/
because
of
(1)because
是连词,后接句子,
是主句的直接原因,常用来回答由why
引导的特殊疑问句
(2)because
of
是复合介词,后接名词或代词,相当于名词词组。
8.
kick
sb.
off
开除某人=kick
sb.
out
of
sth.
kick
v.
踢;
踹
9.whatever
=no
matter
what
无论什么
whoever
=
no
matter
who
无论谁
wherever
=
no
matter
where
无论哪里
10.
be
hard
on
sb. 严格要求……;对……过于严厉,要求很苛刻;苛待(为难)某人
Some
teachers
today
are
too
hard
on
their
students.如今一些老师对学生的要求过于严厉。
11.
courage
n.
勇气;
勇敢
→
courageous
adj.
勇敢的;有勇气的
lose
courage
灰心丧气
take
courage
鼓起勇气
12.
rather
than
并非;
而不是(是一个并列连词)
The
most
valuable
thing
is
time,
rather
than
money.最珍贵的是时间,
而不是金钱
(1)
would?rather...than...,宁愿……而不愿……表示主观愿望,在两者之中选择其一。
She'd?rather?die?than?lose?the?children.?
她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。
?(2)rather?than?不与would连用时,表示客观事实,是……
而不是……;与其……不如…
它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。
I?decided?to?write?rather?than?(to)?telephone.?我决定写信而不是打电话
13.
be
close
to
doing
sth接近......,差点儿......
14.continue
v
继续
continue
doing
sth
=go
on
doing
sth
继续做某事(前后做同一件事)
continue
to
do
sth
=
go
on
to
do
sth
继续做某事(前后不是同一件事)
15.
pull
together
齐心协力;
通力合作=work
hard
together
16.
to
+one’s+情感名词
令某人……的是;使某人感到……的是
常接的情感名词有
disappointment(失望)
relief(放心;宽慰)
satisfaction(满意)
shame(羞愧)
surprise(惊讶)
relief
n轻松;解脱
to
one’s
relief
令某人庆幸的是
17.advice
n
建议(不可数名词)→
advise
v
建议
(1)
a
piece
of
advice
一条建议
two
pieces
of
advice两条建议
(2)give
sb.
some
advice
给某人一些建议
(3)advise
sb.
to
do
sth
建议某人做某事
Unit
12
Life
is
full
of
the
unexpected
Section
A
be
full
of
=
be
filled
with充满,装满
2
unexpected
adj.
出乎意料的;始料不及的
the
unexpected
意外的事情,
出乎意料的事
the+adj.表示一类人或事物
在句中起名词作用
有些adj与定冠词the连用,表示一类人或事物,在句子中起名词的作用
the
homeless
(无家可归者)
the
disabled(残疾人)
The
old
should
be
taken
good
care
of
by
the
government.老年人应该被政府好好照顾
by
the
time
在……以前,指从
过去的某一点到从句所示的时间为止,常引导表示过去的时间状语从
句,主句常用过去完成时,即had+动词过去分词。
By
the
time
I
got
up,
he
had
already
left.
当我起床时,他已经离开了。
by
now
到现在为止
通常与现在完成时连用
By
now
I
have
collected
200
dolls.
到现在为止,我已收集了二百个布娃娃。
4.
leave
sth.
+地点
把某物忘在某处
leave
→
left
→
left
v
离开
forget遗忘某物
指忘记一件具体的东西,但不能有具体的地点
(1)leave
sth
+地点
把某物遗忘在某地
(2)leave
for
+地点
离开去某地
(3)
leave
a
message
留言
ask
for
leave
请假
leave
school
(中学)
毕业
(4)leave
one
by
oneself=leave
sb
alone
把某人单独留下
forget→forgot→forgotten
v忘记
(1)
forget
sth
忘记某事(不能跟地点状语连用)
He
forgot
his
grandfather’s
name.
(2)
forget
to
do
sth
忘记去做某事(未做)
(3)
forget
doing
sth
忘记做过某事(已做)
oversleep
=sleep
late
v
睡过头
sleep
→
slept
→
slept
oversleep—overslept—overslept
6.get
back
to
school
回到学校
(1)get
back
to
后接表地点的名词,回到某地
(2)
get
back
to
后面接人,
回复某人的信件,电子邮件,电话
(3)
get
back
回来,返回,拿回,取回
7.
go
off
发出响声,
(闹钟)闹响
The
alarm
went
off
just
now.
刚才警钟响了
go
over
复习
go
away
离开
go
by
(时间)过去
go
for
a
walk
出去散步
go
fishing/shopping/skating/swimming
去钓鱼/去买东西/去溜冰/去游泳
give
sb.
a
lift
=give
sb.
a
ride
/
give
a
ride
to
sb.
捎某人一程
9.be
about
to
忙于;即将做某事。
侧重于表示动作马上就要发生,常与when引导的从句连用,但不与具体的时间状语连用。
Hurry
up,
Tom!
The
train
is
_____
to
start.
10.even
though
即使,
虽然,
尽管,
用于引导让步状语从句
even
if
/
even
though/
though
三者都可以引导让步状语从句
even
if
=even
though
即使、纵然
引出的从句叙述的是假设或把握很大的事情
though
虽然
引出的从句叙述的是事实。
I
will
try
even
if
I
may
fail.
即使失败,我也要尝试一下。
Though
it
was
very
late,
he
went
on
working.
虽然很晚了,他还继续工作。
[注]
though
和but
不能同时出现在句中。
11.
wait
in
line
with
与……排队等候
stand
in
line
站成一排cut
in
line
插队
12.stare
v.
盯着看,
凝视
(表示看得比较仔细,有时候也带有吃惊的意味去看,常与at,
into连用。)
Don’t
stare
at
me
like
that.别那样盯着我看。
in
disbelief
不相信
,疑惑,
怀疑
She
looked
at
him
in
disbelief.
她全然不信地看着他。
13.above
(1)介词(表示位置)在…正上方;高于
(与
below相对)
The
moon
is
now
above
the
trees.月亮正位于树梢上。
(2)介词
表示在地位、级别、能力、资历、重要性等方面超过
He
is
above
me
in
every
way.
他各个方面都比我强。
(3)副词
在上面;
(级别、数目等)更高;
更大;更多;在上文
See
the
examples
given
above.见上述例子。
above/over/on方位介词,“在……之上”
(1)above
着重指:在……上方,不一定含有垂直在上的意思。反义词below.
The
sun
rose
above
the
horizon.
太阳升到了地平线上。
(2)over
盖在……上面,
铺在……上面。此时不能用above.代替。含有垂直在上的意思。反义词under.
Spread
the
tablecloth
over
the
table.把桌布铺在桌子上。
(3)
on
含有与表面相接触的意思。
The
book
is
on
the
desk.
14.alive,
living,
live与lively
alive
活着,活的,有生命的,还出气的
可指人也可指物
表语,后置定语,
宾补
living
活着,
尚在人间,
健在的
指人或物
定语或表语
live
活着的,活生生的
指物,不指人
定语
lively
活泼的,活跃,充满生气的
可指人,也可指物
定语、表语或宾补
12.take
off
脱掉;
起飞
(1)起飞
off
副词
离开;走开
take
off
后不能直接加宾语,故它没有被动语态
(2)脱下
off
为介词,后可直接跟宾语。
Take
off
your
coat.It's
hot
outside.脱下你的外套,外面炎热。
Section
B
Fool
(1)
n.
傻子
呆子→foolish
adj.
愚蠢的
on
April
Fool’s
Day
愚人节
make
a
fool
of
sb.
愚弄某人
He
is
a
fool.
他是一个呆子。(名词)
(2)
v.
愚弄
欺骗
We
can’t
fool
our
teach.
我们不能欺骗我们的教师。
embarrass
v
使尴尬
embarrassed
adj.
尴尬的(用来修饰人)
embarrassing
adj.
令人难堪的((修饰物)
I
was
embarrassed
when
the
boy
asked
me
the
question.
She
was
embarrassed
when
they
kept
telling
her
how
clever
she
was.
3.
invite
v
→
invitation
n邀请
(1)
invite
sb.
to
do
sth
邀请某人做某事
(2)
invite
sb.
to
+地点
邀请某人去某地
We
invited
him
to
join
us
to
practice
speaking
English.
He
invited
a
lot
of
friends
to
come
to
his
birthday
party.
4.the
other
kids
showed
up
show
up
出席
on
show
=on
display
展览
show
off
炫耀
show
sb.
around
带某人参观
show
sb.
sth=show
sth
to
sb
向某人展示某物
5.happen
发生;进行;举行;产生
happen
常指具体的事物的发生,特别指那些偶然的发生。不及物动词,没有被动语态
sth
happen
to
sb
某人发生某事
sb
happen
to
do
sth
碰巧做某事
take
place
发生,
也无被动语态,指经过安排或计划地发生;
举行
The
sports
meeting
will
take
place
in
our
school
6
.
play
tricks
on
sb.
捉弄某人
play
jokes
on
sb.对某人开玩笑
laugh
at
嘲笑make
fun
of
取笑;使……开玩笑
7.
as
+adj/adv原级+
as
sb.
can
/
could
尽可能地……在句中作状语。
as
+adj/adv原级+
as
sb.
can
/
could
=
as
+
adj/adv原级+
as
possible.
We
must
do
everything
as
possible.
=
We
must
do
everything
as
well
as
we
can.
我们要尽量做好每一件事。
8.sell
out
卖光
(用物作主语时,常用于被动语态
be
sold
out)
The
next
day
the
bookshops
sold
out.
第二天书店就卖断了货。
out
构成的短语:
give
out
分发
hand
out
分发
work
out
得出结果
run
out
of
用完
go
out
出去
find
out
查明
look
out
当心
take
out
拿出
find
out
找出,查明,弄清楚,后可接名词名词性短语或宾语从句
(1)find
out
强调经过调查、询问、研究等曲折过程后才能找出。
Please
find
out
when
the
train
leaves.
请查明火车什么时间离开。
(2)look
for
寻找
强调寻找的过程。
I'm
looking
for
it
everywhere.我正在到处找它。
(3)find
发现,找到
强调寻找的结果。
I
can't
find
my
pet
dog.我找不到我的宠物狗。
10.end
up
(doing
sth.)(以…)结束;最终成为;最后处于
end
up
sth.
结束某事
end
up
with
sth.
(以……)结束
I
must
make
good
use
of
my
spare
time,
or
I
will
end
up
doing
nothing.
我必须充分利用空闲的时间,否则我的生命将会在无所事事中告终。
The
scientist
ended
up
his
speech
at
last.那个科学家最后结束了演讲。
The
students
began
with
speaking
English,
but
ended
up
with
speaking
Chinese.
同学们以说英语开始,却以说汉语结束。
11.marry
v嫁娶
(1)A
marry
B.
A
与B结婚
(2)
A
and
B
get
married
=
A
and
B
are
married
A和B结婚
get
married
结婚
(3)
marry
A
to
B
把A
嫁给B
(4)
be
married
to
sb
与……结婚
12.
land
on
着陆;降落于
反义词组为take
off
13.
hundred
n
百
hundreds
of
数以百的
(1)当hundred/
thousand/million
前面有具体的数字时,用单数形式
(2)当hundred/
thousand/million
后与of
连用时用复数形式,
【口诀】具体的不加s
也不加of,不具体的加s
也加of
14.
How
do
you
feel
about…?
=
What
do
you
think
of…?=
How
do
you
like…?你怎样看待……?
用于提问对方对某事物的观点
过去完成时:
表示在过去某一时间点以前即过去的过去已经发生的动作。
Mr.
Black
told
me
that
he
had
seen
the
movie
three
times.
布莱克先生告诉我他已经把这
部电影看了三遍了(“看”在“告诉”之前。)
过去完成时要注意以下几个方面:
⑴
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。
它表示动作发生的时间是过去的过去
⑵
过去完成时的结构是:
肯定由“助动词had(用于各种人称和数)
+
过去分词”构成
否定式:had
not
+
过去分词
缩写形式:hadn’t
⑶
过去完成时的时间状语:
①
表示过去某一时间可用by,
before等构成的短语。
We
had
finished
our
homework
before
10
o’clock.
我们十点钟之前就完成了作业。
②
可能通过when,
before等引导的从句表示。
When
I
got
there,
the
train
had
left.
当我到那儿时,火车已经开走了。
③
过去某一时间通过上下文来表示。
Kate
hadn’t
studied
hard,
so
she
didn’t
pass
the
exam
yesterday.
Kate没有努力学习,因此没有通过昨天的考试。
Unit
13
We’re
trying
to
save
the
earth!
Section
A
1.
try
to
do
=try
one’s
best
to
do
努力去做某事
Every
student
should
try
to
study
hard
in
order
to
study
in
a
university.
为了进入大学学习,每个学生都应该努力学习。
2.
be
related
to
与…有关
I
am
not?related?to?him
in
any
way.
我和他无任何关系。
Everyone
in
this
town
should
play
a
part
in
cleaning
it
up!
3.play
a
part
in
在……方面起作用;参与某事
A
good
diet
plays
a
large
part
in
helping
people
live
longer
健康的饮食在帮助人们长寿方面起着非常大的作用。
4.
litter
rubbish
garbage
waste都可指垃圾
不可数名词
rubbish没用的东西(被扔或将要丢弃的无用的东西)不可回收
litter
(室内或公共场所)乱扔的废物(纸屑、不要的包装纸、废瓶等)
还可回收
garbage
生活中的垃圾,包括厨房里的剩菜
剩饭
或者不能再用的食物
Waste
任何被丢掉的东西
Throw
the
rubbish
out.
把垃圾扔出去。
The
room
is
full
of
rubbish.
房间里堆满了垃圾。
Pick
up
your
litter
after
a
picnic.
野餐后将废弃物收拾好。
cut
down
减少
把...砍倒
裁短
缩减
cut
sb
sth=
cut
sth
for
sb
为某人切某物
cut
sth
into
sth
把某物切成某物
cut
in
插话
超车
cut
off
切断
隔断
断绝
6.
cost
v.
花费;使付出
指花费金钱,主语通常是物。
过去式和过去分词均为cost
The
new
shirt
cost
Mr
Wang
200
yuan.
王先生花了200元买了新衬衫。
How
much
does
the
new
computer
cost?
新电脑花了多少钱?
take,spend,pay和cost都表示花费
但用法各有不同
1)
take花费时间,It
takes
sb.
some
time
to
do
sth.,it形式主语
It
usually
takes
me
40
minutes
to
cook
the
dinner.
spend花费时间和金钱,主语通常是人,
sb.
spend(s)
some
time
/
money
on
sth.和sb.
spend(s)
some
time
/
money
(in)
doing
sth.
David
spent
2,000
yuan
on
the
new
machine.
My
father
spends
an
hour
(in)
watching
the
news
on
TV
every
day
3)
pay花费金钱,主语通常是人,sb.
pay(s)
some
money
for
sth.
Tommy
paid
20
yuan
for
his
breakfast
yesterday.
cost花费金钱,主语通常是物,sth.
cost(s)
(sb.)
some
money.
The
new
dress
cost
Linda
88
yuan.
7.
make
a
difference
(to…)表示(对……)产生影响或作用
Do
you
think
his
words
would
make
any
difference
to
the
final
decision?
你认为他的话会对最后的决定产生影响吗?
8.
no
longer=not…any
longer=not…any
more
他们侧重的方面不同。
no
longer和not…any
longer侧重时间
He
no
longer
lives
here.=
He
doesn’t
live
here
any
longer.
他不在这儿居住了。(一个时间以前他住在这儿,过了这个时间,他就离开了。)
not…any
more侧重程度和数量
You
can
drink
no
more.
=
You
can’t
drink
any
more.
你不能再喝了。(喝酒的量到了一定程度,不能再继续下去了。)
lead
to
(道路)等通往,
引起(结果等)
lead
sb
to
do
sth
致使/诱惑某人做某事
lead
sb
to
sp
带领某人去某地
be
harmful
to
对……有害
11.
not
only…but
also…不仅…而且…
1)连接两个表示并列关系成分,强调后者
also有时可以省略
She
not
only
plays
well,
but
also
writes
music.
她不但很会演奏,而且还会作曲。
Not
only
men
but
also
women
were
chosen.不仅仅是男的,女的也有被选中的。
2)若连接两个成分作主语,其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致(就近原则)。
Not
only
you
but
also
he
has
to
leave.
不只是你,他也得离开。
3)
not
only放在句首,后接句子时要用倒装结构。
Not
only
had
the
poor
man
been
fined,
but
also
he
had
been
sent
to
prison.这个可怜的人不仅被罚款,
而且还被送进了监狱。
12.
at
the
top
of
在……最高地位;
用最高[最大]的(速度,
声音等)
at
the
bottom
of
I
looked
at
the
top
of
his
head,
his
hair
shiny
and
parted
smoothly.
我看他的头顶,
头发闪亮且平滑的分开。
Section
B
1.
throw
away
扔掉,丢弃浪费
(机会、优势或好处)
I
never
throw
anything
away.我从来不扔任何东西。
2)
错过(机会等),放过;未能很好利用
(机会等)
Don’t
throw
away
this
opportunity.不要错过这个机会。
3)
浪费(时间、金钱等)乱花(钱等)
It
will
be
time
and
money
thrown
away.
这将是浪费时间和金钱。
put
sth.
to
good
use
好好利用,
充分利用
a
most+adj+
n
一个很/非常...的...
be
an
inspiration
to
sb
对某人来说是一个鼓舞人心的人或者事物
5.
be
known
for
因……而著名
be
known
as
作为……而著名
be
known
to
对于某人来说是著名的
He
was
known
for
his
friendly.
他以友好而著称。
He
is
known
to
the
police
as
a
thief.对警察来说是一个小偷。
Zhou
Jielun
is
known
as
a
rap
singer.周杰伦是作为一个说唱歌手而出名。
现在进行时
(1)含义:表示正在发生或进行的动作。
(2)基本结构:主语
+
be
+
现在分词(be
的形式随主语和时态的变化而变化)
(3)基本用法:
①表示现在正在进行的动作。常与now或具体时间连用,有时句中会有look,listen等感官动词来提示,或通过上下文来暗示。
②表示现阶段一直进行的动作。这类动词常是延续性动词。常与at
present,
this
week,
these
days等连用。
③表示主语的特征、性格、能力等
Look
!That
girl
is
crying.
They
are
playing
basketball
now.
被动语态
定义:表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象的一种语态。
结构:be
+
过去分词
A
new
school
was
built
last
year.
一般现在时是被动语态:am
/
is
/
are
+
过去分词
Our
classroom
is
cleaned
every
day.
一般过去时的被动式:was
/
were
+
过去分词
A
new
school
was
built
last
year.
现在完成时的被动式:
have
/
has
+
been
+
过去分词
His
novel
has
not
been
published.他的小说还没有出版。
现在进行时的被动式:am/
is/
are
+
being
+
过去分词
The
sports
meeting
is
being
held
in
our
school.我校正举办校运会。
过去进行时的被动式:was
/
were
+
being
+
过去分词
Our
classroom
is
being
cleaned
at
9:00
am
yesterday.昨天上午九点他正打扫教室。
(6)过去完成时的被动式:had
+
been
+
过去分词
(7)一般将来时的被动式:will
/
be
going
to
be+
过去分词
(8)含有情态动词(can,may
must
should
)的被动式:情态动词+be
+动词的过去分词
The
flowers
should
be
watered
everyday.
现在完成时
(1)含义:表示过去发生的动作对现在还有影响。
(2)基本结构:主语
+
have
/
has
+
过去分词
(3)基本用法:
①表示过去发生的动作,但强调对现在产生影响。特征:不能与表示具体的时间状语连用。
He
has
already
got
her
help.他已经得到她的帮助。
②表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直延续到现在,还可能继续下去。常常与since,
for,
in
the
past
+
时间名词,in
the
last
+时间名词等时间状语连用,而且谓语动词要求是延续性动词。
The
TV
show
has
been
on
for
1
hour.这部电视剧已经放了一个小时了(还会继续放下去)。
③表示一种“经历或体验”,即可以表示经历过也可以是从来都没有经历过。
This
is
the
best
film
I
have
ever
seen.这是我看的最好的一部电影。
join,
join
in,
take
part
in
attend参加
用法不同
1)join
(1)加入某个党派,团体组织等,成为其成员之一,参军、入团、入党
join
the
army参军
join
the
Young
Pioneers.
加入少先队
(2)和某人一道做某事,加入到某人干的事情当中去。
join
sb.
in
(doing)
sth.,in
(doing)
sth.
也可省
Will
you
join
us
in
the
discussion?
你参加我们的讨论吗?
2)join
in参加小规模的活动球赛、游戏等,常用于日常口语。
Come
along,
and
join
in
the
ball
game.
快,来参加球赛。
3)take
part
in
参加会议或群众性活动等,着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。
①We'll
take
part
in
social
practice
during
the
summer
vacation.
暑假期间我们将参加社会实践。
②We
often
take
part
in
physical
labour.
我们经常参加体力劳动。
③Did
you
take
part
in
the
sports
meeting?
你参加运动会了吗?
4)attend正式用语,及物动词,指参加会议,婚礼,葬礼,典礼;学术活动、音乐会;去上课,上学,听报告等
着重强调成为其中的听众或观众
句子主语只是去听,去看,自己不一定起积极作用。
①He'll
attend
an
important
meeting
tomorrow.
他明天要参加一个重要的会议。
②I
attended
his
lecture.
我听了他的讲课。
afford的用法
⑴
afford
v
买得起,担负得起
常与can,
could,
be
able
to连用,多用于否定句中。
They
couldn’t
afford
$50
for
a
ticket.
他们拿不出50美元买一张票。
⑵
afford后面常跟带to的动词不定式。
We
can’t
afford
to
go
abroad
this
summer.
今年夏天我们没有足够的钱出国
Unit
14
I
remember
meeting
all
of
you
in
Grade
7.
Section
A
1.
remember
doing记得做过某事
remember
to
do记着要做某事
2.with
one’s
help
=
with
sb’s
help=with
the
help
of
sb
在某人的帮助下
help
oneself
to
sth.随便吃……
help
sb.
with
sth.
help
sb.(to)
do
sth.
can’t
help
doing
sth.情不自禁做某事
忍不住做某事
help
sb
out
帮助某人解决难题
advise
sb.(not)to
do
sth.建议某人(不要)做某事
advise
doing
sth.建议做某事
advise
sb.on/about...
关于...给某人建议
advise
that
从句
(
should
+do
)
instruction
指示,命令
follow
the
instructions
for
遵守...的指示
instructions
on
how
to
do
sth
如何做某事的指示
instructions
to
do
sth
做某事的指示
on
sb’s
instructions
遵照某人的指示
be
patient
with对……有耐心
be
patient
of
sth
忍耐某事
work
out
解决,算出,结果为
work
out
fine/well
奏效
guide
sb.
to
do
sth.指导某人做某事
guide
sb.
to
sp
指引某人去某地
encourage
sb.
to
do
sth.鼓励某人做某事encourage
sb.
in
sth.
在某方面鼓励某人/助长某人的某种行为
prepare
for
为...做准备
prepare
to
do
sth
准备做某事
make
a
mess
弄得一团糟
be
in
a
mess
乱七八糟
处境狼狈
get
into
a
mess
陷入困境,遇到麻烦
get
sb
into
a
mess
使某人陷入狼狈的处境
mess
up
搞乱
弄脏
wish
to
do
sth.希望做某事
wish
sb.
to
do
sth.希望某人做某事
wish+that从句
(表示难以实现的愿望)
hope
to
do
sth.希望做某事
hope
+that从句(表示可以实现的“希望”或能达到的“期望”)
It’s
time
to
do
sth.到了该做某事的时间了。
It’s
time
for
sth.到了该做某事的时间了。
It’s
time
for
sb.
to
do
sth.到了该某人做某事的时间了。
have
problems/trouble/difficulty(in)doing
sth.做某事很费劲/有困难
have
problemswith
sth.在某方面有困难
Section
B
believe
in
信任;信赖(某人)
believe
sb.(=believe
one’s
words)相信某人的话
believe
in
表示信任某人,相信某人的价值,也可指“信仰、信奉(真理、宗教)”等
believe
表示相信某人所说的话,与这个人的品质无关。
I
don’t
believe
him.
他的话我不信。
Do
you
believe
in
God?
你相信上帝(的存在)吗?
congratulate
vt.
恭喜;祝贺
congratulate
sb.恭喜某人
congratulate
sb.
on/upon
(doing)
sth.因(做)某事而恭喜某人;祝贺某人(做)某事
congratulation
n.
(常用复数)
祝贺;恭喜
congratulations
on
(doing)
sth.恭喜(做)某事
She
congratulated
me
on
my
exam
results.她对我的考试成绩表示祝贺。
I
congratulated
Katie
on
winning
her
race.我祝贺凯特赢得比赛。
Congratulations
on
winning
the
prize!祝贺你获奖!
thirsty
adj.渴望的;口渴的
be
thirsty
for渴望;渴求
He
is
thirsty
for
success.他渴望成功
be
proud
of
=take
pride
in为……而骄傲
5.
each
of
+复数名词+谓语动词的单数形式
none
of
+复数名词/复数代词
+谓语动词的单复数形式皆可
none
of
+单数名词/单数代词/不可数名词
+谓语动词的单数形式
neither
of
+…+谓语动词的单数形式
either
of
+…+谓语动词的单数形式
6.
What
do
you
mean?
……是什么意思?
What
does
…mean?
=What’s
the
meaning
of
…?
=What
do
you
mean
by
…?
mean
doing
sth.
意味着做某事
mean
to
do
sth.打算做某事
fail
to
do
sth.未能做成某事
8.
thankful
adj.感谢的;感激的;高兴的
be
thankful
to
sb.对某人心存感激;感激某人
be
thankful
to
sb.
for
sth.因某事对某人很感激
be
thankful
for
因……而感谢/感激
be
thankful
to
do感激、高兴做某事
be
thankful
that感激某事
9.
ahead
of在……前面
ahead
of
time
提前=
ahead
of
schedule
There
were
four
people
ahead
of
me
at
the
doctor’s.
在医务室里,有四个人排在我前面。
You
have
a
long
trip
ahead
of
you.你还有很长的路要走。
10.have
a
chance
to
do
sth.=have
a
chance
of
doing
sth.
有做……的机会
11.make
your
own
choices做出自己的选择
have
no
choice
but
to
do
sth.除做某事以外,别无选择;只好做某事
choose
to
do
sth.选择做某事
be
responsible
for
sth.为某事负责
be
responsible
to
sb.对某人负责
13.
set
out出发;启程=set
off
set
out
for
(a
place)出发去某地
set
out
to
do开始做某事
set
out
on
a
journey开始行程;踏上旅途
As
you
set
out
on
your
new
journey,
you
shouldn’t
forget
where
you
came
from.
当踏上新征程时,你不能忘记你来自何处。(不能忘本)
14.separate
①
vt.分开;隔离
separate
sth.
from
sth.将……与……分开
separate
sth.
into
将……分成
The
ability
to
think
separates
humans
from
animals.思考能力将人和动物区分开。
The
teacher
separated
the
students
into
four
groups.老师将同学们分成四组。
②
adj.
分开的;分离的;单独的
I
try
to
keep
meat
separate
from
other
food
in
the
fridge.我尽量将冰箱里的肉和其他食物分开。
The
children
sleep
in
separate
beds.孩子们睡在单独的床上。
We
can’t
work
together
any
more;
I
think
it’s
time
we
go
separate
ways.
我们再不能一起工作了。我想到了分手的时候了。
I
have
my
public
life
and
my
personal
life,
and
I
try
to
keep
them
separate.
我有公共生活和私人生活,我努力将它们分开。