2021年中考英语二轮专题复习课件：第九讲　宾语从句、定语从句（20张ppt）

第9讲　宾语从句、定语从句
宾语从句
(一)定义
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的从句。如:
I hope (that) you’ll have a good holiday.我希望你能拥有一个愉快的假期。
Show me what you have written.给我看一下你写的东西。
(二)宾语从句的用法
(1)引导词
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}引导词
用法
例句
that
本身没有意义,引导陈述意义的宾语从句;在口语或非正式文体中常省略
I know (that) he’s a teacher.我知道他是一名老师。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}引导词
用法
例句
if,whether
意为“是否”,引导疑问意义的宾语从句。在句中不作句子成分,但不能省略。可在句末加or not,此时的宾语从句的引导词只能用whether
Could you tell me if/whether it snows in winter in Australia?你能告诉我澳大利亚冬天下雪吗?
I’ll wait to see whether your words are true or not.我会等着看你说的正确与否。
who,whom,what,which,whose
引导特殊疑问意义的宾语从句,在从句中可作主语、表语、宾语或定语,不能省略
I don’t know who could help me.我不知道谁能帮助我。
I don’t know whose dictionary it is.我不知道这是谁的词典。
how,when,where,why
在宾语从句中作状语,不能省略
Please tell me how you go to school.请告诉我你怎么去学校的。
He said when he would come.他说过他什么时候来。
(2)语序
宾语从句一律用陈述句语序。如:
He asked where he could get a stamp.他问他在哪儿可以买到一张邮票。
(3)时态
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}主句是现在时态和将来时态,从句根据实际情况使用相应的时态
I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
主句是过去时态,从句需用相应的过去时态
Mike said he was watching TV.迈克说他正在看电视。
从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时,不管主句使用什么时态,从句都用一般现在时
Our geography teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.我们的地理老师说地球绕着太阳转。
【拓展】宾语从句的否定转移
当主句的主语是第一人称且谓语动词是think,believe,guess,suppose等时,宾语从句若要表示否定意义,则要通过将从句的否定词转移到主句来实现,即否定主句中的动词。如:
I don’t think he will come tomorrow.我认为他明天不会来。
【典题链接】
( )1.(2020,贵州安顺)The BBC’s documentary Du Fu:China’s Greatest Poet explains 　　　　Du’s works have been popular for centuries.?　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.when
B.whether
C.why
( )2.(2020,黑龙江大庆)The school suggested the students pass on 　　　　they have learned to their parents.?
A.what
B.that
C.which
D.where
C
A
( )3.(2020,山西)—In May,President Xi Jinping spoke highly of the great changes of the Fenhe River in Taiyuan.I wonder 　　　　.?
—Everyone should play a part in making it cleaner and clearer.
A.which places he visited
B.how we can protect the river
C.why such changes have taken place
( )4.(2020,江苏泰州)—I heard NBA star Kobe Bryant’s private helicopter(直升机) crashed.I wonder 　　　　.?
—All the nine people died,including his 13-year-old daughter,Gianna.
A.where the accident happened
B.that his daughter died too
C.what was the weather like that day
D.if there were any survivors in the accident
B
D
( )5.(2020,贵州黔西南州)Lisa is studying abroad.She hasn’t decided 　　　　back to China because of the COVID-19.?
A.if she flies
B.whether she will fly
C.when will she fly
D.how will she fly
B
定语从句
定语从句在主从复合句中起定语作用,修饰句中的名词或代词。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词,定语从句一般放在其所修饰的名词或代词之后。
定语从句主要由关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that和关系副词when,where,why引导。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间,既起连接作用,又在定语从句中担任某种成分。
(一)定语从句中关系代词的用法
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}关系代词
先行词
功能
例句
which
物
在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略
Who was hurt in the accident that/which happened yesterday?谁在昨天发生的事故中受伤了?
that
人、物
在定语从句中作主语或宾语,其先行词为物时的用法与which的用法基本相同;作宾语时可省略
His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets.他的父亲在一个生产电视机的工厂工作。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}关系代词
先行词
功能
例句
who
人
在定语从句中作主语或宾语
The tall boy who is standing over there is my brother.站在那边的那个高个子男孩是我哥哥。
whom
人
在定语从句中作宾语,在非正式文体、口语中可省略
The man who/whom you met just now is my father.你刚才遇见的那个人是我爸爸。
whose
人、物
在定语从句中作定语,其先行词为物时,可以与of which互换
The boy whose mother is a nurse studies hard.他妈妈是护士的那个男孩学习很刻苦。
The room whose window is open is mine.那个窗户开着的房间是我的。
【注意】当关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的单复数形式要与先行词保持一致。如:
Do you know those girls who are singing under the tree?你认识在树底下唱歌的那些女孩吗?
(二)关系代词只能用that而不用which的几种常见情况
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.这是我听过的最有趣的故事。
先行词被序数词修饰时
The children like the second lesson that is about “The Football Match”.孩子们喜欢关于“足球赛”的第二课。
先行词被the only,the very,the last等修饰时
It is the only word (that) I know in the passage.这是这篇文章中我唯一知道的单词。
先行词为不定代词anything,nothing,the one,all,much,few,any,little时
Here is something (that) I will tell you.这是我要告诉你的一些事情。
先行词被不定代词all,any,no,every,little,much,many修饰时
Here is all the money (that) I have.这是我拥有的所有的钱。
先行词是同时含有“人和物”的名词时
I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see in the room.我能记得很清楚在房间里我看到的人和一些照片。
(三)定语从句中关系副词的用法
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}关系副词
成分
例句
when
时间状语
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.我仍记得我第一次来北京的那天。
where
地点状语
This is the house where I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住的房子。
why
原因状语
This is the reason why we love our maths teacher.这是我们喜欢我们数学老师的原因。
【典题链接】
( )6.(2020,黑龙江牡丹江)Parasite(《寄生虫》)became the first non-English best movie 　　　　has won Oscars in history.?
A.that
B.which
D.who
( )7.(2020,黑龙江绥化)We all like comedies 　　　　make us relaxed.?
A who
B.that
C.whom
A
B
( )8.(2019,湖南长沙)China is getting better at making hi-tech products 　　　　can be bought in all parts of the world.?
A.who
B.which
C.what
( )9.(2019,兰州)The movie 　　　　I have seen twice is The Wandering Earth.?
A.who
B.which
C.where
D.when
B
B
( )1.(2020,安徽)—Could you tell me 　　　　we can start a conversation with a foreigner??
—Talking about weather is a good choice.
A.how
B.why
C.where
D.when
( )2.(2020,广西桂林)I don’t remember　　　　for the first time.?
A.when I met her
B.when I meet her
C.when I will meet her
A
A
( )3.(2020,湖南湘西)—Judy,could you tell me 　　　　the schoolbag??
—Oh,yes.I bought it in a store on the Internet.
A.where did you buy
B.where you bought
C.where you will buy
( )4.(2020,湖南邵阳)—Could you tell me 　　　　in Wuhan,please??
—Maybe last December.
A.when did COVID-19 break out
B.when COVID-19 broke out
C.how often COVID-19 breaks out
B
B
( )5.(2020,湖北武汉)I wondered　　　　.?
A.which way was the wind blowing
B.which one is the most convenient
C.which of the houses did you live in
D.which school it was you went to
( )6.(2020,贵州黔东南)Li Wenliang is a brave doctor 　　　　is known to millions of Chinese people.?
A.who
B.which
C.what
D.when
D
A
( )7.(2020,四川成都)The book 　　　　cover has a beautiful picture is Lily’s.?
A.which
B.whose
C.that
( )8.(2020,山东临沂)In America,Thanksgiving is a holiday　　　　celebrates the love of family.?
A.who
B./
C.that
B
C
( )9.(2019,辽宁盘锦)A landmark (里程碑) in the history of science was made by a photo 　　　　was taken on April 10th about the black hole in a faraway galaxy(星系).?
A.who
B.which
C.what
D.when
B