(共21张PPT)
第2课时 感叹句、祈使句与倒装句
感叹句
感叹句用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感彩。感叹句分为两种:一种以what引导,另一种以how引导,句末用感叹号,读降调。
引导词
结构
例句
what
What+
a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
What
a
beautiful
girl
she
is!她是一个多么漂亮的女孩啊!
What
an
exciting
movie
it
is!多么精彩的一场电影啊!
What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!
What
important
jobs
they
have
done!他们做了多么重要的工作啊!
What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!
What
sweet
water
it
is!多么甜的水啊!
how
How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
How
fine
the
weather
is!天气真好啊!
How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
How
useful
a
subject
they
are
learning!他们正在学一门多么有用的学科啊!
How+主语+谓语!
How
time
flies!时间过得多快啊!
【典题链接】
(
)1.(2020,辽宁营口)—
special
class
we
had
today!
We
have
learned
about
Chinese
kungfu.?
—That
sounds
really
interesting.
A.How
B.How
a
C.What
D.What
a
(
)2.(2020,山东滨州)—The
little
boy
is
only
three
years
old,but
he
can
memorize
about
50
poems.
—
talented
boy
he
is!?
A.How
B.How
a
C.What
a
D.What
D
C
(
)3.(2020,四川广元)—Do
you
know
that
we
have
already
made
great
progress
in
5G?
—Oh,
exciting
news!?
A.how
B.what
an
C.what
(
)4.(2019,湖南邵阳)—
different
life
is
today!?
—Yeah.We
are
all
living
a
happy
and
rich
life
now.
A.What
a
B.How
C.What
C
B
(
)5.(2019,青海)
useful
advice
you
gave
us!?
A.What
B.What
a
C.How
A
祈使句
祈使句用来表示请求、命令、建议等。谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语,句末用感叹号或句号,读降调。
形式
结构
例句
肯定
形式
(Please+)动词原形+其他.
Stand
up!站起来!
Please
come
in.请进来。
Do(加强语气,表“务必;一定”)+动词原形+其他.
Do
sit
down.务必坐下。
Do
study
hard.一定努力学习。
Let+宾语+动词原形+其他.
Let’s
have
a
rest.让我们休息一下。
否定
形式
Don’t+动词原形+其他.
Don’t
swim
in
the
river.不要在这条河里游泳。
No+名词/动名词!
No
photos!禁止照相!
No
smoking!禁止吸烟!
Don’t
let
sb.+动词原形+其他.=
Let
sb.not+动词原形+其他.
Don’t
let
them
play
with
fire.不要让他们玩火。
Let’s
not
say
anything
about
it.我们不要说任何关于它的事情。
【拓展】★应答祈使句时要用将来时。如:
—Please
remember
to
walk
the
dog
every
day.请记住每天去遛狗。
—Yes,I
will.是的,我会的。
★掌握“祈使句+and/or+句子”结构。如:
Work
harder,and
you’ll
get
good
grades.更加努力吧,你将会取得好成绩。
【巧学妙记】巧记祈使句的构成:
祈使句,无主语,原形动词做开始;
Do,Be,Let三种形式,委婉请求“请”字用;
否定句式很简单,“Don’t”打头最常见。
【典题链接】
(
)6.(2020,辽宁营口)—
the
dishes
after
dinner,Tony.?
—No
problem,Mom.
A.Washing
B.Washes
C.To
wash
D.Wash
(
)7.(2020,四川凉山)When
I
want
to
go
out
to
play
with
my
friends,my
mother
always
says,“ at
home.Don’t
waste
your
time.”?
A.Stay
B.Stays
C.To
stay
D.Staying
D
A
(
)8.(2020,上海)—Tom,
here
to
carry
the
luggage
upstairs
for
me,will
you?
?
—All
right.
A.come
B.came
C.coming
D.to
come
(
)9.(2019,内蒙古呼和浩特)
me
an
email
before
you
come
to
Hohhot,and
I’ll
meet
you
at
the
train
station.?
A.Send
B.Sending
C.To
send
D.Sent
A
A
(
)10.
indoors.It’s
a
rule
of
the
hospital.?
A.Smoke
B.Don’t
smoke
C.To
smoke
B
倒装句
英语句子表达的基本语序是“主语+谓语”,但在实际应用中,因语法结构的需要,或是为了强调,常把谓语的全部或者一部分移到主语之前,这种句子称为倒装句。初中阶段常见的倒装有以下几种。
类型
用法
例句
so+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语
表示“某人/物也一样”,上下句中是不同的人或物,但发生同样的行为或状况,是表示肯定的倒装
Jim
watched
the
movie,and
so
did
I.吉姆看了这部电影,我也看了。
neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语
意为“某人/物也不……”,上下句中是不同的人或物,他们的行为或状况一样,是表示否定的倒装
Peter
didn’t
pass
the
history
exam
yesterday,and
neither/nor
did
I.彼得昨天没通过历史测试,我也没有。
here,there开头的句子中
如果主语是名词,要用倒装语序,谓语动词的数由谓语后面的主语决定
Here
are
some
note-books.这里有一些笔记本。
There
comes
the
bus.公交车来了。
类型
用法
例句
only开头的句子中
强调方式状语、
条件状语、
地点状语、
时间状语等状语时,主句要进行部分倒装
Only
in
a
big
city
was
it
possible
to
buy
a
new
wheelchair.只有在大城市里才能买到新轮椅。
强调状语从句时,该状语从句不倒装,只对主句进行倒装
Only
when
we
had
studied
the
data
again
did
we
realize
that
there
was
a
mistake.只有在我们再次研究这些数据的时候,我们才意识到出了一个错。
【拓展】★“so/neither+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词”意为“确实如此/不是”。该句式表示的是对前面所说的事实加以肯定,上下句中是相同的人或物。如:
—Jane
sings
very
well.简唱歌唱得很好。
—So
she
does.她的确如此。
—Jane
isn’t
good
at
singing.简不擅长唱歌。
—Neither
she
is.的确不擅长。
★not
only...but
also放在句首连接两个句子时,not
only引导的句子要倒装。如:
Not
only
does
she
speak
Spanish,but
also
she
knows
how
to
type.她不但会说西班牙语,还会打字。
【典题链接】
(
)11.(2019,贵州铜仁)—I
know
nothing
about
the
film
Titanic.
— .?
A.Neither
do
I
B.So
do
I
C.Neither
did
I
D.So
did
I
(
)12.(2018,山东潍坊)—I
always
hate
being
late
for
school.
— .?
A.So
am
I.
B.So
do
I
C.So
I
do
D.So
can
I
A
B
(
)13.(2018,兰州)Only
yesterday
find
out
that
his
purse
was
lost.?
A.he
was
B.was
he
C.did
he
D.he
did
(
)14.(2018,黑龙江绥化)Jim
can
swim, .?
A.neither
can
I
B.so
I
can
C.so
can
I
C
C
(
)1.(2020,江苏淮安)—Mike,
do
you
have
a
health
examination??
—Once
a
year.
A.how
long
B.how
many
C.how
much
D.how
often
(
)2.—Don’t
you
go
to
school
by
bike?
— .I
walk
to
school
every
day.?
A.Yes,I
don’t
B.No,I
do
C.No,I
don’t
D
C
(
)3.(2020,四川遂宁)Tom
hardly
eats
breakfast, ??
A.isn’t
he
B.is
he
C.doesn’t
he
D.does
he
(
)4.(2020,湖南株洲)
wonderful
the
movie
is!
I
want
to
see
it
again.?
A.How
B.What
C.What
a
D
A
(
)5.(2020,湖南益阳)—
beautiful
city!?
—Yes.Tourists
from
all
over
the
world
come
to
visit
it
every
year.
A.How
B.What
C.What
a
(
)6.(2020,四川遂宁)—
hot
weather
it
is!
Why
not
have
a
cold
drink??
—Sounds
good!
Let’s
go.
A.What
a
C.How
D.How
a
C
A
(
)7.(2020,湖南长沙)
your
smartphones,and
read
for
at
least
30
minutes
every
day!
You
know,reading
helps
us
to
deepen
our
spiritual
world.?
A.Put
away
B.To
put
away
C.Putting
away
(
)8.(2019,广西桂林)
more
books,and
you
will
improve
your
reading
skills.?
A.Reading
B.Read
C.Reads
A
B
(
)9.(2020,四川达州)—It
was
the
Dragon
Boat
Festival
last
Sunday.I
drove
to
the
Lianhua
Lake
to
watch
the
boat
races.How
exciting!
— ,but
I
didn’t
see
you
there.?
A.So
I
did
B.So
did
I
C.So
do
I
B(共25张PPT)
第8讲 疑问句、感叹句、祈使句和倒装句
第1课时 疑问句
一般疑问句
表示询问事物或某种情况是否属实,用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句,读时用升调。基本结构如下。
问句
回答
例句
Be+主语+其他?
Yes,主语+be./No,主语+be
not.
—Are
you
a
doctor?你是医生吗?
—Yes,I
am./No,I’m
not.是的,我是。/不,我不是。
情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?
Yes,主语+情态动词./No,主语+情态动词+not.
—Must
I
finish
my
homework
today?我今天必须完成作业吗?
—Yes,you
must./No,you
needn’t.是的,你必须完成。/不,你不必。
助动词+主语+谓语+其他?
Yes,主语+助动词./No,主语+助动词+not.
—Do
you
like
playing
football?你喜欢踢足球吗?
—Yes,I
do./No,I
don’t.是的,我喜欢。/不,我不喜欢。
【拓展】★一般疑问句通常用什么提问就用什么回答,但有时也可以用其他词语代替yes或no,使语气变得客气。如:
—Can
you
come
and
go
to
the
park
with
me?你能过来和我一起去公园吗?
—I’m
afraid
not.I
have
a
lot
of
work
to
do.我恐怕不能。我有许多工作要做。
★否定的一般疑问句通常是以be动词、情态动词或助动词与not的缩略形式开头,往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。如:
—Don’t
you
hear
of
that
man?你没听说过那个人吗?
—Yes,I
do./No,I
don’t.不,我听说过。/是的,我没有听说过。
【注意】对否定的一般疑问句作简略回答时也要用yes或no,但其汉语翻译与其英语表达正好相反。
【典题链接】
(
)1.(2019,青海)—
a
big
clock
on
the
wall??
—Yes,but
it
was
broken
in
the
earthquake.
A.Have
you
got
B.Did
you
have
C.Was
there
(
)2.(2018,湖北宜昌)—
you
the
Chinese
Culture
Festival
in
the
Central
Square??
—Yes.It
was
really
a
great
success.
A.Are;attending
B.Will;attend
C.Do;attend
D.Did;attend
C
D
(
)3.—Jim,are
these
your
keys?
— .They’re
hers.?
A.Yes,it
is
B.No,it
isn’t
C.No,they
aren’t
(
)4.—Is
the
girl
in
red
your
friend?
— .She
is
learning
Chinese
now.?
A.Yes,it
is
B.Yes,she
is
C.Yes,she
does
C
B
特殊疑问句
用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。回答时不能用yes或no。为了便于理解和掌握特殊疑问句,我们把特殊疑问词分为三类:疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。
(一)疑问代词的用法
疑问代词可对主语、表语、宾语、定语进行提问。具体如下表所示。
疑问代词
用法
例句
what
对物或者是人的职业提问
—What
is
your
mother?你妈妈是做什么的?
—She
is
a
doctor.她是一名医生。
who
对某人的姓名或与别人的关系进行提问
—Who
is
your
teacher?谁是你的老师?
—Miss
Gao
is
my
teacher.高小姐是我的老师。
whom
who的宾格,对宾语提问,口语中who可代替whom
—Whom
do
you
want
to
climb
the
mountains
with?你想和谁一起去爬山?
—My
father.我父亲。
whose
“谁的”,对所属性提问
Whose
maths
book
is
this?这是谁的数学书?
which
“哪一个”,特指范围内进行提问
Which
is
your
favorite
color?哪一个是你最喜欢的颜色?
(二)疑问副词的用法
疑问副词可对状语进行提问。具体如下表所示。
疑问副词
用法
例句
when
询问时间
—When
were
you
born?你什么时候出生的?
—I
was
born
on
June
5th,1980.我出生于1980年6月5日。
where
询问地点、场所
—Where
are
you
going?你要去哪里?
—I
am
going
to
Japan.我要去日本。
why
询问原因,回答只能用because引导的原因状语从句
—Why
were
you
late?你为什么迟到了?
—Because
I
met
an
accident.因为我遇到了一起事故。
how
询问方式方法、身体状况、天气等
—How
is
the
weather
today?今天天气怎么样?
—It
is
cloudy.多云。
(三)疑问词组的用法
疑问词组可用来询问年龄、身高、数量、次数、距离等。具体如下表所示。
疑问词组
用法
例句
how
many
(后加可数名词复数)
多少
—How
many
sisters
do
you
have?你有几个姐妹?
—I
have
three.我有3个(姐妹)。
how
much
(后加不可数名词)多少
How
much
milk
do
you
want?你想要多少牛奶?
多少钱
How
much
is
the
sweater?这件毛衣多少钱?
how
often
(频率)
多久
How
often
do
you
exercise?你多久做一次锻炼?
how
soon
(时间)
多快
—How
soon
will
he
be
back?他多久会回来?
—In
two
days.两天后。
疑问词组
用法
例句
how
long
(时间)
多久
How
long
have
you
learned
English?你学英语多长时间了?
(长度)
多长
How
long
is
your
classroom?你的教室有多长?
how
far
(距离)
多远
How
far
is
it
from
Beijing
to
Shanghai?从北京到上海有多远?
how
old
(岁数)
多大
How
old
is
your
sister?你的姐姐/妹妹多大了?
how
tall
(人、树等)
多高
How
tall
are
you?你多高?
how
high
(山、楼房等)
多高
How
high
is
the
building?这座楼多高?
【典题链接】
(
)5.(2020,江苏连云港)—
is
Ricky
like??
—He’s
humorous.He
often
tells
us
funny
jokes.
A.How
B.What
C.Which
D.Who
(
)6.(2020,贵州黔南州)—Mike,
will
the
new
science
museum
be
built??
—It
will
be
built
in
the
center
of
the
city.
A.when
B.where
C.what
D.why
B
B
(
)7.(2020,四川甘孜)—Please
tell
me
you
have
learnt
English.?
—For
three
years.
A.how
long
B.how
often
C.how
soon
(
)8.(2019,辽宁铁岭)—Daddy,
will
you
buy
me
a
bendable
phone
(折叠手机)??
—Oh,perhaps
in
a
few
months.
A.how
long
B.how
far
C.how
soon
D.how
often
A
C
(
)9.(2018,广西梧州)—
students
are
there
in
your
class??
—Fifty.
A.How
many
B.How
much
C.How
long
D.How
far
A
选择疑问句
提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句叫作选择疑问句。语调前升后降。回答不能用yes或no,而要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式。选择疑问句分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句两种。
一般选择疑问句
一般疑问句+or+被选择部分?
—Do
you
like
apples
or
pears?你喜欢苹果还是梨?
—I
like
pears.我喜欢梨。
特殊选择疑问句
特殊疑问句+A
or
B?
—Which
would
you
like
better,tea
or
coffee?茶和咖啡,你更喜欢哪个?
—I
like
coffee.我喜欢咖啡。
【典题链接】
(
)10.(2020,浙江温州)—Can
you
play
volleyball
or
basketball?
— of
them.I’m
good
at
ball
games.?
A.Both
B.Either
C.Neither
D.None
(
)11.(2020,江苏淮安)—When
shall
we
go
on
a
picnic,Saturday
or
Sunday?
—
is
OK.I’m
free
the
whole
weekend.?
A.Neither
B.All
C.Either
D.Both
A
C
(
)12.(2018,青海)—Do
you
prefer
to
hang
out
with
friends
or
stay
alone?
— .I’m
an
outgoing
girl.?
A.Yes,I
do
B.Neither
C.I
like
to
go
out
with
my
friends
C
反义疑问句
在陈述句之后加上一个与之相反的简短问句,即提出情况或看法来问对方是否同意的句子,这样的问句叫作反义疑问句。反义疑问句由意思相反的两部分组成,在前一部分(陈述句)之后用逗号,后一部分(简短问句)之后用问号。反意疑问部分的否定式用缩略形式,同时它的主语要用人称代词,不能用名词。读的时候,前一部分用降调,后一部分用升调。
(一)反义疑问句的两种基本句型
形式
例句
肯定陈述句+否定附加问句
The
girl
went
home
late
yesterday,didn’t
she?这女孩昨天回家晚,不是吗?
否定陈述句+肯定附加问句
You
haven’t
been
to
Beijing,have
you?你没去过北京,是吗?
注意:后一部分简短的问句,要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词和人称代词,前后两部分的动词时态和人称要保持一致
(二)反义疑问句的特殊形式
★当陈述部分是祈使句时,肯定祈使句的附加问句用will
you或won’t
you皆可;否定祈使句的附加问句用will
you;但如果是“Let’s”开头的祈使句,附加问句只能用shall
we。如:
Be
sure
to
come
here
on
time,will/won’t
you?确保按时来这里,好吗?
Don’t
be
late,will
you?别迟到,好吗?
Let
us
finish
the
work
first,will/won’t
you?让我们先完成工作,好吗?
Let’s
go
shopping,shall
we?我们去购物吧,好吗?
★当陈述部分是there
be结构,其附加问句用“be(not)+there”结构,但在“There
will
be...”句子中,附加问句用“will
(not)+there”。如:
There
is
a
computer
on
the
desk,isn’t
there?桌上有一台电脑,不是吗?
There
won’t
be
more
cars
in
the
future,will
there?将来不会有更多的车,是吗?
★附加疑问句的主语和陈述句的主语不一致的情况。
陈述句主语
附加问句主语
例句
everything,something,anything等表示“物”的不定代词
单数代词it
Something
is
wrong
with
my
radio,isn’t
it?我的录音机有一些问题,不是吗?
nobody,someone,none,neither等表示“人”的不定代词
多用复数代词they,也可用he
Everyone
likes
Beijing,don’t
they?每个人都喜欢北京,不是吗?
this/that,these/those
单数用it,复数用they
This
is
my
ruler,isn’t
it?这是我的尺子,不是吗?
Those
are
their
books,aren’t
they?那些是他们的书,不是吗?
主语是从句、不定式、动名词短语
用it
To
learn
English
isn’t
easy,is
it?学英语不容易,是吗?
不定代词one作主语
正式场合用one,非正式场合用you
One
should
be
ready
to
help
others,shouldn’t
one/you?一个人应该乐于帮助他人,不是吗?
★反义疑问句的答语:有两种情况
陈述句的情况
答语的情况
例句
肯定句
肯定用yes,否定用no
—You
are
a
boy,aren’t
you?你是一个男孩,不是吗?
—Yes,I
am./No,I’m
not.是的,我是。/不,我不是。
否定句
根据事实来判断肯定还是否定,注意yes+肯定句,no+否定句
汉语翻译正好和英语相反,yes为“不”,no为“是的”
—She
isn’t
a
teacher,is
she?她不是一个老师,是吗?
—Yes,she
is./No,she
isn’t.不,她是。/是的,她不是。
【典题链接】
(
)13.(2020,天水)Let’s
meet
at
the
school
gate, ??
A.shall
we
B.shall
you
C.will
we
D.will
you
(
)14.(2020,黑龙江绥化)Bob
has
few
friends
in
his
new
school, ??
A.hasn’t
he
B.does
he
C.doesn’t
he
A
B
(
)15.(2019,贵州黔南州)—Steven
had
nothing
for
breakfast
this
morning, ??
—No.Because
he
had
a
fever.
A.hadn’t
he
B.had
he
C.didn’t
he
D.did
he
(
)16.(2018,贵州安顺)—There
is
little
money
for
Mr.Lee
to
buy
a
ticket
for
today’s
show, ??
—Exactly!
A.are
there
B.isn’t
there
C.aren’t
there
D.is
there
D
D
(
)17.(2019,湖北鄂州)—The
rain
is
too
heavy.We
can
hardly
go
out,can
we?
— ,or
we’ll
get
wet
and
have
a
cold.?
A.No,we
can’t
B.Yes,we
can’t
C.Yes,we
can
D.No,we
can
A
(
)1.(2017,山东青岛)— do
you
go
to
a
movie??
—Twice
a
week.
A.How
long
B.How
soon
C.How
often
D.How
far
(
)2.—
will
Mr.Brown
be
back??
—In
an
hour.
A.How
long
B.How
often
C.How
soon
D.How
much
C
D
(
)3.(2018,兰州一模)
great
man
Wei
Yuchuan
is!He
lost
his
young
life
to
save
a
13-year-old
girl
in
the
Yellow
River.?
A.What
B.How
C.What
a
D.How
a
(
)4.(2019,兰州二模)—Mona
has
never
been
to
Hong
Kong,has
she?
— .She’s
been
there
twice
with
her
parents.?
A.No,she
hasn’t
B.Yes,she
hasn’t
C.No,she
has
D.Yes,she
has
B
D
