2021年中考英语二轮专题复习课件：第五讲　动词的分类及短语（35张ppt）

第5讲　动词的分类及短语
实义动词
　　实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)。
(一)及物动词
　　及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思表达完整,如want,take,ask,make,reach等。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}用法
例句
主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
Would you please open the window?你能打开窗子吗?
主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
I saw Tom play in the park yesterday.昨天我看到汤姆在公园里玩了。
主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
Please pass me the book.请把书递给我。
【拓展】★ 带省略to的不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有:
一感feel;二听listen to,hear;三让let,make,have;四看watch,see,look,notice;半帮助 help (to) do。
★带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时加to或for,构成“及物动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语”句型。
【巧学妙记】巧记带双宾语的及物动词
“七给”“一带”“to”不少;
“买”“画”“制作”“for”来了;
“七给”(give,pass,lend,write,show,send,hand)和“一带”(bring),在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加to;
“buy,draw,make”在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加for。
(二)不及物动词
　　不及物动词自身意思完整,无须接宾语;若后面要接宾语,必须与介词或副词连用。如:
Horses run fast.马跑得快。
They work in a factory.他们在一家工厂工作。
【注意】有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。如:
We study English.我们学习英语。(及物动词)
We study hard.我们努力学习。(不及物动词)
【典题链接】
( )1.(2020,贵州黔东南州)Sam 　　　　a computer from me yesterday.?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.sold
B.borrowed
C.lent
D.returned
( )2.(2020,天津)I was busy this morning and didn’t have time to 　　　　my email.?
A.waste
B.punish
C.believe
D.check
B
D
( )3.(2020,江西)The performer 　　　　because there was too much noise coming from the crowd.?
A.continued
B.relaxed
C.stopped
D.won
( )4.(2019,安徽)—Hello,Beijing Hotel.Can I help you?
—Yes.I’d like to 　　　　a single room for two nights.?
A.enter
B.move
C.book
D.provide
C
C
( )5.(2019,江西)You’ll have to 　　　　the books because there aren’t enough for everyone.?
A.pack
B.sell
C.choose
D.share
D
助动词
　　助动词本身没有意义或意义不完全,不能单独用作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语,以表示时态、语态、人称和数。此外,还可以用来构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。具体用法见下表。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}助动词
功能
例句
be
现在进行时
The students are having class.学生们正在上课。
过去进行时
They asked me what I was doing all the afternoon.他们问我整个下午做了什么。
构成被动语态
The baby was put in the bed by my mother.这个婴儿被我妈妈放到了床上。
do
(does,did)
构成疑问句
—Do you live in China?你住在中国吗?—Yes,I do.是的。
构成否定句
He didn’t go to see the film last Sunday.他上周日没有去看电影。
加强说话的语气
Do be quiet,children.孩子们,安静点。
代替前面出现的动词
He could dance as well as he did before.他舞跳得和从前一样好。
构成否定祈使句
Don’t run in the hallways.不要在走廊里跑。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}助动词
功能
例句
have/has
构成完
成时态
We have learnt English for 5 years.我们学英语已经5年了。
will/shall
构成一般
将来时
There will be more trees in one hundred years.100年后这里会有更多的树。
【典题链接】
( )6.(2020,四川凉山)—Jack,I am busy doing the washing.Can you give me a hand?
—Wait a moment.I 　　　　the bed.?
A.am making
B.will make
C.was making
D.have made
( )7.(2020,湖北恩施)I like novels written by J.K.Rowling.So far I 　　　　all her works about Harry Potter.?
A.have read
B.read
C.am reading
A
A
( )8.(2020,山东临沂)Thanks for letting us borrow your camera.We　　　　it to you next Monday.?
A.return
B.will return 　　
C.have returned
( )9.(2018,广西桂林)Tony 　　　　table tennis every day.?
A.doesn’t play
B.doesn’t plays
C.don’t play
( )10.(2019,青海)　　　　 on the grass.It’s a rule of the park.?
A.Step
B.Don’t step 　　
C.To step
B
A
B
系动词
　　本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征和身份。
常见的系动词有:
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}类别
功能
例词
表示状态
表示主语所处的状态
be (am,is,are,was,were)
表示持续
表示主语继续或保持某种身份或状态
keep,remain,stay,stand,lie
表示感官
表示人体感官的系动词
look,feel,smell,taste,sound
表示状态变化
表示主语从一种状态变换到另一种状态,可用于进行时
become,get,go,grow,turn
【典题链接】
( )11.(2019,辽宁辽阳)The dish smells delicious,but it 　　　　a little salty.?
A.looks
B.tastes
C.feels
D.sounds
( )12.(2019,辽宁本溪)—Look at the dark clouds,and the wind is blowing strongly.
—It 　　　　that a big storm is coming.?
A.sounds
B.seems
C.feels
D.smells
B
B
( )13.(2019,辽宁抚顺)Sometimes the smooth surface of the lake really 　　　　like a mirror.?
A.sounds
B.looks
C.smells
D.tastes
( )14.(2019,四川乐山)—Look,Linda.The flowers in our classroom came out in one night.
—I can’t believe it.They are beautiful and colorful.They 　　　　great.?
A.sound
B.smell
C.taste
B
B
( )15.(2018,福建A卷)—Do you enjoy Chinese Folk Songs?
—Yes,the folk songs 　　　　nice.?
A.sound
B.smell
C.look
A
情态动词
(一)情态动词的基本用法
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}情态动词
用法
例句
can
表示能力,意为“能;会”
He can speak English,but he can’t speak Russian.他会讲英语,但不会讲俄语。
表示请求、允许,意为“可以”
Can I take my examination early?我可以早点参加我的考试吗?
could
can的过去式,意为“能;会”,表示过去的能力
I could speak English when I was five.我五岁的时候就会说英语了。
在疑问句中表示委婉的请求
Could you pass me the pen?你能给我递下钢笔吗?
may
表示请求、许可,意为“可以”
May I sit here?我可以坐在这里吗?
表示祝福和愿望
May you be happy!祝您幸福!
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}情态动词
用法
例句
might
may的过去式
She asked me if she might watch TV after finishing homework.她问我完成作业后是否可以看电视。
表示请求、许可,语气比may更委婉
Might I go shopping with you,Mom?妈妈,我可以和你一起去购物吗?
must
表示主观看法,意为“必须;应该”
Time is up.We must go now.时间到了,我们现在必须走。
should
意为“应该”,表示要求和命令,也可以表示劝告或建议
Teenagers should obey the school rules.青少年应该遵守学校规定。
need
表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中
You needn’t say sorry to him.你不需要对他说对不起。
had better
表示提出建议或请求,意为“最好……”
You had better sit here and have a rest.你最好在这里坐着休息一会儿。
【拓展】★“May I...?”表示请求许可时,否定回答要用mustn’t或can’t,而不能用may not。如:
—May I come in?我可以进来吗?
—Yes,of course./No,you mustn’t.是的,当然。/不,你不可以。
★由must引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答常用must;否定回答常用needn’t或don’t/doesn’t have to。不能用mustn’t回答,mustn’t意为“严禁;禁止”。如:
—Must I go with them?我必须跟他们走吗?
—Yes,you must/have to./No,you needn’t/don’t have to.是的,你必须。/不,你不必。
★由need引出的一般疑问句,肯定回答常用must或have to;否定回答常用needn’t。如:
—Need I answer the question?我需要回答这个问题吗?
—Yes,you must/have to./No,you needn’t.是的,你必须(回答)。/不,你不需要。
(二)情态动词表推测的用法
1.常见肯定情态动词表推测的用法
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}情态动词
意义
用法
例句
must
一定;肯定
用于肯定句,表示非常有把握的肯定推测
I didn’t hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我没听见电话(响),当时我一定睡着了。
may
有可能;也许
用于肯定句,表示把握不大的推测
He may be on his way home now.他现在可能在回家的路上。
might/could
有可能;也许
表推测,语气缓和、较委婉
If Tom doesn’t get back later,I might/could go to the concert instead.如果汤姆回来不晚的话,我或许可以去音乐会。
2.常见否定情态动词表推测的用法
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}情态动词
用法
例句
can’t
表示否定推测,语气强烈,意为“一定不;不可能”
That man can’t be Mr.Smith.He has gone to Shanghai.那个人不可能是史密斯先生,他去上海了。
may not
表示否定推测,语气不确定,意为“可能不”
This may not be done by him.这可能不是他干的。
(三)易混情态动词辨析
1.辨析can/could与be able to
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}词汇
用法
例句
can/could
只用于一般现在时(can)和一般过去时(could)
Tom couldn’t speak Chinese last year,but now he can.汤姆去年不会说中文,但现在他会了。
be able to
可用于多种时态
If I have a good sleep,I’ll be able to work out the problem.如果我睡眠好,我可以解决这个问题。
2.辨析must与have to
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}词汇
用法
例句
must
表示主观意愿,意为“必须”
We must study hard at school.在学校我们必须努力学习。
have to
用于强调客观需要,意为“必须;不得不”
Lucy was ill,so she had to stay at home.露西生病了,所以她必须待在家里。
3.辨析 can’t与mustn’t
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}词汇
用法
例句
can’t
表示否定推测
He can’t be my friend.他不可能是我的朋友。
mustn’t
表示“禁止;不允许”,不能用来表示推测
You mustn’t park here.禁止在这儿停车。
【典题链接】
( )16.(2020,江苏扬州)From the top of the Autumn Hill people 　　　　enjoy the fullest sight of Ge Garden.?
A.have to
B.need
C.should
D.can
( )17.(2020,四川泸州)Mr.Collins 　　　　like tea.He makes a cup of tea for himself every morning.?
A.must
B.may
C.can’t
D.mustn’t
D
A
( )18.(2020,贵州铜仁)—How delicious the meal is! Did Kangkang’s mother cook it?
—It　　　　 be her.These days she has been in a poor village to help the people there.?
A.can’t
B.won’t
C.mustn’t
D.needn’t
A
( )19.(2020,湖北咸宁)—Mum,it’s too hot.　　　　I swim in the lake with my friends??
—No,you 　　　　.That’s too dangerous!?
A.Could;mustn’t
B.Need;couldn’t
C.Must;needn’t
D.Should;can’t
A
动词词组
　　动词词组是动词的一种固定搭配形式,以下为常见的动词词组类型。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}类型
用法
例词
动词+介词
宾语位于介词后
look for;listen to;talk about/with;think about
动词+副词
代词作宾语时需用“动词+代词+副词”形式
turn on/off/up/down;pick up;call up;take out
动词+副词+介词
宾语位于介词后
come up with;run out of;get on/along with
动词+名词
后无宾语
take place;lose heart
be+形容词+介词
形容词前可加程度副词,如very,much,really,quite等
be proud of;be angry with;be interested in
【典题链接】
( )20.(2020,云南昆明)It’s reported that the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games have been 　　　　until July 23,2021.?
A.put up
B.put down
C.put on
D.put off
( )21.(2020,广东深圳)—Whenever I nod to Jenny,she　　　　 my greeting with a big smile.?
—She is always so cheerful.
A.replies to
B.points to
C.laughs at
D
A
( )22.(2020,江苏淮安)My brother often 　　　　his spare time to help me with my spoken English.?
A.puts up
B.gives up
C.opens up
D.tidies up
( )23.(2020,江苏苏州)—Tony,come over.What do the letters “KIT” mean in the text message?
—Don’t you know that,Amy? They 　　　　“keep in touch”.?
A.search for
B.ask for
C.go for
D.stand for
B
D
( )1.(2020,辽宁营口)Last Thursday when I got to the railway station,I 　　　　I left my ID card at home.?
A.realized
B.believed
C.thought
D.considered
( )2.(2020,湖北宜昌)—Would you 　　　　opening the window? Get more fresh air.?
—Of course not.I’ll do it right away.
A.consider
B.practice
C.suggest
D.mind
A
C
( )3.(2020,山西)—In summer vacation,I want to help parents 　　　　clothes in the square to make some money.?
—Good idea.It’s also a good chance to know about the society.
A.lend
B.give
C.sell
( )4.(2020,江苏泰州)—Song of Autumn by Liu Yuxi describes autumn in a different way.
—I agree.Most poets(诗人) describe this season to 　　　　a feeling of sadness,but in Liu’s eyes autumn is full of life and hope.?
A.excuse
B.express
C.expect
D.explain
C
B
( )5.(2020,湖北天门)May I have some more chicken?It 　　　　so delicious.?
A.feels
B.smells
C.tastes
D.sounds
( )6.(2020,江苏镇江)I am proud that our Chinese survey team 　　　　successfully remeasure Qomolangma(再测珠穆朗玛峰),the world’s highest peak.?
A.must
B.can
C.may
D.should
C
B
( )7.(2020,江苏泰州)—In China,many students feel stressed because of too much homework.
—Don’t worry.Our government has realized this problem.I’m sure there 　　　　be good news for them soon.?
A.can
B.must
C.should
D.need
( )8.(2020,山西)This year marks Earth Day’s 50th birthday.It was created to remind people to 　　　　the earth—the home to all the living things.?
A.talk about
B.care about
C.hear about
B
B
( )9.(2020,江苏扬州)No matter how far you have gone down the wrong road,　　　　.?
A.turn back
B.turn off
C.turn out
D.turn over
( )10.(2019,广东深圳)—Mark has had too much fried food.I’m really 　　　　him.?
—Me,too.I think he should have more vegetables and fruits.
A.afraid of
B.worried about
C.unaware of
A
B