2021年中考英语二轮专题复习课件：第四讲　介词和介词短语（47张ppt）

第4讲　介词和介词短语
时间介词
(一)辨析on,in与at
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}介词
用法
例词
on
用于具体某一天或某一天的早、中、晚前,星期或节日前
on Monday在星期一
on the evening of June 18th在六月十八日晚上
on September 1st在九月一日
on a cold morning在一个寒冷的早晨
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}介词
用法
例词
in
表示一段时间,用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指某一天的上午、下午、晚上等前
in the morning/afternoon/evening/day在上午/下午/晚上/白天
in May在五月
in the twenty-first century在21世纪
in summer/winter在夏天/冬天
at
用于具体的时间点前或黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜前
at half past ten在十点半
at noon在中午
at night在晚上
【巧学妙记】at时间点,有on必有天,in指月季年,也和色相连。
(二)辨析before,after与until
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}介词
用法
例句
before
“在……之前”,其后可跟表示具体日期、时间等的名词或数词,也可以跟表示时间或动作的名词
Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。
after
“在……之后”,后跟具体时刻时用于将来时,跟时间段时用于过去时
He’ll come back after two o’clock.他两点后将回来。
He got back from the US after two weeks.两周后他从美国回来了。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}介词
用法
例句
until
用于否定句中时,意为“直到……才”,谓语动词用瞬间性(短暂性)动词;用于肯定句中时,意为“直到……为止”,谓语动词用延续性动词
She didn’t go to bed until 11 o’clock.她直到11点才去睡觉。
I watched TV until 11:00 p.m.我看电视一直到晚上11点。
(三)辨析since,for与by
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}介词
用法
例句
since+时间点
“自……以后;自……以来”,表示从过去某时直至现在,主句常用现在完成时或过去完成时
We have learnt fourteen lessons since the beginning of this term.自从这个学期开始以来,我们已经学了十四课。
for+时间段
表示动作的延续,主句常用现在完成时、过去完成时或一般过去时
I have stayed in China for 2 years.我已经在中国待了两年了。
by+时间点
“到……为止”,时间上有过去、现在和将来之别,其时态可为一般时、完成时、进行时或完成进行时
You must hand in your homework by nine o’clock.你必须在9点前上交家庭作业。
By the time he was fourteen years old,he had learnt maths all by himself.到14岁的时候,他就已经自学了数学。
【典题链接】
( )1.(2020,贵州安顺)　　　　 January 25,President Xi told the public that nothing matters more than people’s safety and health.?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.From
B.On
C.In
( )2.(2018,辽宁辽阳)—What do you usually do 　　　　school??
—I often play basketball with my friends.
A.after
B.for
C.about
D.from
B
A
( )3.(2019,四川广元)—What time do you usually get up?
—　　　　 7:00.?
A.At
B.In
C.On
( )4.(2020,贵州铜仁)—How long have you had the cellphone,Kangkang?
—I’ve had it　　　　 two months.It helps me a lot.?
A.for
B.since
C.in
D.on
A
A
地点、方位介词
(一)辨析in,on,to与at
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}介词
用法
例词或例句
in
用于较大的地方前(如:国家、城市、乡镇、水域等)
in China在中国
表示某一小地方(相对)在另一大地点之内
Uncle Tom lives on a farm in the country.汤姆叔叔住在乡下的一个农场里。
on
在……表面或在广阔的平面上
on the floor在地板上
表示两地接壤
Hunan is on the south of Hubei.湖南在湖北的南方。
to
表示两地点隔海相望
Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中国的东部。
at
用于较小的场所前
at home在家
【图解助记】
(二)辨析near,beside,next to与behind
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}介词(短语)
意义
例句
near
在……附近
There is a theater near his home.他家附近有一家剧院。
beside
在……旁边
Come and sit beside me.过来坐在我旁边。
next to
紧靠着……;紧挨着……
The new building next to the bookstore is a cinema.书店旁边的那幢新楼是一家电影院。
behind
在……后面
She looked behind,finding nothing.她向后看,却什么都没发现。
(三)辨析above,over与on
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}介词
用法
例句
above
“在……的上方”,表示两者不接触,不一定垂直,其反义词为below“在……的下方”
Can you see the birds flying above the pear trees?你能看到那一片梨树上空飞翔的鸟吗?
over
“在……正上方”,表示两者不接触,其反义词为under“在……正下方”,同时,over还可以表示“(大范围内)笼罩”“遍及”
There is a bridge over the river.河上有座桥。
He put his coat over her shoulders.他把上衣盖在她的肩膀上。
on
“在……的上方”,表示两者接触
She put her coat on the bed.她把大衣放在床上。
【图解助记】
(四)辨析across,over与through
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}介词
用法
例句
across
指从物体的一侧到另一侧或从某个范围的一边到另一边,表示“横过”
He swam across the river yesterday.昨天他游过河了。
over
指从某一物体的上方“越过、翻越过去”
Jack told me that he could jump over the desk.杰克告诉我他能够跳过桌子。
through
指从某一物体的内部“穿过”,即动作是在物体的三维空间进行的,表示“穿过”树林、洞、门、窗、房间等时,均可用through
The girl went through the forest alone.那个女孩独自一人穿过了森林。
【图解助记】
【典题链接】
( )5.(2020,海南)Eight members of a Chinese team arrived 　　　　the top of Mount Qomolangma successfully.?
A.in
B.at
C.to
( )6.(2019,黑龙江绥化)Light comes in 　　　　the window.?
A.over
B.cross
C.through
B
C
( )7.(2019,湖北孝感)To my great joy,my family is always 　　　　me whatever I decide to do.?
A.behind
B.to
C.from
against
( )8.(2018,江苏连云港)—Bill,did you see Tom?
—Yes,he just parked his car here and then hurried 　　　　the street.?
A.through
B.over
C.past
D.across
A
D
方式介词
辨析by,with,in与on
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}介词
用法
例句
by
“用……手段或方式”,后接动词-ing形式
The girl made money by selling flowers.这个女孩通过卖花赚钱。
with
“with+名词”表示“用某种工具或身体部分”
Cut it with a knife.用刀切它。
He often writes with his left hand.他常常用左手写字。
in
“in+名词”表示“用某种材料或语言”
Can you express your mind in English?你能用英语表达你的想法吗?
on
“通过;用”,常用于通信工具或电子产品前
My brother likes listening to music on the computer.我哥哥喜欢用电脑听音乐。
【典题链接】
( )9.Roy works in London.It takes him about half an hour to get to work　　　　bus every day.?
A.in
B.by
C.with
( )10.(2019,湖北武汉)He wrote his phone number 　　　　a piece of paper.?
A.on
B.for
C.in
D.from
B
A
( )11.(2019,江苏淮安)　　　　 the help of modern technology,scientists got a photo of a black hole.?
A.At
B.In
C.On
D.With
( )12.(2019,河北)This story is 　　　　simple English.My little sister can read it.?
A.for
B.in
C.with
D.by
D
B
( )13.(2018,广西河池)You can improve your English 　　　　listening to English songs.?
A.by
B.with
C.for
D.in
A
其他常见介词
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}介词
意义
例句
without
无;没有
Without their help,I couldn’t finish the task.没有他们的帮助,我不能完成这个任务。
with
随着……;和……在一起
He went into the classroom with a smile.他面带微笑地走进了教室。
from
从;来自
Tom is from England.汤姆来自英国。
like
像……一样
I’m lucky to have a wonderful daughter like you.我很幸运能拥有像你这么棒的女儿。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}介词
意义
例句
of
关于;属于
He is a friend of my father.他是我父亲的一个朋友。
against
对抗;和……竞争;倚;靠着
Our team played against yours and we won.我们队和你们队比赛,我们队赢了。
for
给……;对……(而言);为了……
Let me do it for you.让我为你做吧。
except
除……之外
We go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday.除了星期六和星期天我们每天都上学。
besides
除……之外(还)
What have you done this morning,besides reading the newspaper?今天早晨除了看报,你还做什么了?
but
着重在整体,且常用在no,all,nobody,nothing,none等词之后
There is nothing but a chair in the room.房间里除了一把椅子什么都没有。
between
在……中间;在……之间,常见搭配:between...and...
在……与……之间
There is a river between their house and the school.他们家与学校之间隔着一条河。
【典题链接】
( )14.(2020,江苏泰州)—Andy practiced hardest among us and he won first prize in the competition.
—A dream can’t come true 　　　　hard work.?
A.by
B.across
C.over
D.without
( )15.(2020,天津)It is going to rain.Take an umbrella 　　　　you.?
A.with
B.at
C.in
D.from
D
A
( )16.(2020,江苏连云港)To complete her online learning,Suzy needs a computer or a mobile phone to receive messages 　　　　her teachers.?
A.with
B.during
C.from
D.through
( )17.(2018,北京)Happy birthday,Peter! Here’s a gift 　　　　you.?
A.for
B.in
C.with
D.from
C
A
( )18.(2018,江苏无锡)Let’s put the piano over there,　　　　 the wall.?
A.above
B.against
C.across
D.around
B
介词的固定搭配
(一) 常见的介词与名词搭配
(二) 常见的介词与动词搭配
(三)常见的介词与形容词搭配
【典题链接】
( )19.(2020,湖北咸宁)—I want to watch TV the whole day after the long journey.
—You shouldn’t watch TV too much.It’s bad 　　　　your eyes.?
A.with
B.in
C.on
D.for
( )20.(2020,四川泸州)—Mom,look at all the clothes I bought online.
—Again? You shouldn’t spend so much money 　　　　clothes.?
A.in
B.for
C.on
D.with
D
C
( )21.(2020,江苏淮安)When you have joys,you can share them 　　　　your friends.?
A.for
B.in
C.with
D.on
( )22.(2019,山东临沂)In the world,more than 30% of schools do not provide safe drinking water 　　　　about 570 million children.?
A.with
B.for
C.towards
C
B
( )23.(2018,广西桂林)I won the first prize in the exam,so I was proud 　　　　myself.?
A.in
B.of
C.at
B
常见的介词短语
(一)at+名词
(二)by+名词
(三)in+名词
?
(四)on+名词
(五)其他常见介词短语
【典题链接】
( )24.(2019,山东东营)—The Wandering Earth(流浪地球) tells us a story about how people tried to save the earth.
—Yes.In the film humans chose to stay with the earth 　　　　running away from it.?
A.because of
B.together with
C.such as
D.instead of
D
( )25.(2019,辽宁辽阳)　　　　,I found the job boring,but soon I got used to it.?
A.To start with
B.First of all
C.Without doubt
D.After all
( )26.(2019,湖北宜宾)Oh,　　　　,if you see Lucy,tell her that I enjoy her Chinese paintings.?
A.in fact
B.by the way
C.in other words
A
B
( )27.(2018,青海)Sorry,this is your letter,but I opened it 　　　　.?
A.by mistake
B.by accident
C.by myself
A
( )1.(2020,云南)In the last few months,the teachers have given lessons 　　　　the Internet as webcasts(主播).?
A.for
B.at
C.in
D.on
( )2.(2020,广西桂林)We have lunch 　　　　school from Monday to Friday.?
A.on
B.at
C.with
D
B
( )3.(2020,内蒙古呼和浩特)—Hello,my name is John Smith.And I’m calling to ask about the position in your school.
—Yes,the position is still open.You could come over and have a talk　　　　 us.?
A.with
B.about
C.through
D.away
( )4.(2020,青海)Cookies are just the thing to serve 　　　　tall glasses of real lemon juice.?
A.at
B.in
C.with
A
C
( )5.(2020,江苏镇江)China sent up the final satellite of Beidou Navigation Satellite System(北斗卫星导航系统)from Xichang Satellite Center 　　　　June 23,2020.?
A.at
B.in
C.to
D.on
( )6.(2020,上海)The ancient town has been open to visitors　　　　 about ten years.?
A.by
B.for
C.on
D.though
D
B
( )7.(2019,湖南长沙)Yesterday our headmaster made a speech 　　　　environmental protection,and we learned something about recycling of waste.?
A.on
B.at
C.to
( )8.(2019,辽宁本溪)—Could you tell me how I can improve my English?
—Sure.　　　　,you could speak it as much as possible.?
A.After all
B.In the end
C.By the way
D.First of all
A
D
( )9.(2019,山西)Change the information you read into a mind map.　　　　,you can remember it well and think of it later easily.?
A.In this way
B.At the same time
C.On the other hand
( )10.(2019,江苏扬州)Facial recognition (人脸识别) technology is widely used for payment.　　　　,we needn’t enter the passwords any more.?
A.For example
B.As a result
C.What’s worse
D.What’s more
A
B
( )11.(2018,兰州一模)With Tony playing the guitar at all hours,I have been unable to get any of my writing done,　　　　 when he is out.?
A.except
B.during
C.besides
D.since
( )12.(2017,上海)We won!The honor belongs 　　　　all the members of our team.?
A.by
B.of
C.at
D.to
A
D
( )13.It’s very kind 　　　　you to lend me your reusable shopping bags.?
A.of
B.for
C.to
D.with
( )14.(2016,四川达州)—Where is Mary flying?
—She is flying to France soon.She will arrive　　　　 Paris 　　　　the morning of July 2.?
A.to;on
B.at;on
C.in;in
D.in;on
A
D
( )15.(2015,湖北恩施)—Taiwan is an important part of China.
—Yes,it lies 　　　　the southeast of China.?
A.in
B.on
C.to
A