2021届中考英语二轮复习讲义（牛津译林版）专题一 名词 （含答案）

学科教师讲义
学员姓名： 年 级： 初三
科 目：英 语 学科教师：
课程主题：
授课时间：
学习目标
掌握名词的分类。
理解并熟练运用可数名词复数变化规则。
理解不规则名词的复数变化规则。
掌握名词所有格的基本用法。
教学内容
名词表示人载事物的名称，可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或与介词构成介词短语等它遍布在单项选择、完形填空、词汇等考项中，因而掌握名词的用法是很重要的。
历年中考及自招试题都有对名词的考查，主要考查名词的数及名词的词义，从名词词义的理解和名词与动词的搭配方面设题，同时，题干也会从呼应、对比等方面提供足够的信息，考查考生根据语境理解和判断词义的能力。
为此，考生应着重掌握以下知识点:在一定语境中名词的词义辨析;名词与介词构成的介词短语;名词所有格的构成及用法;名词作定语的形式;名词作主语时与谓语动词的主谓一致性。
知识点一 名词
【知识梳理】
一、名词复数形式规则变化
名词有可数名词和不可数名词之分。而可数名词又有单数和复数之分。
一般情况下，在词尾直接加-s，如:books，caps，trees。
以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es，如:glasses，boxes，watches，brushes。
以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，把y改为i，再加-es。如:stories, countries。
以-o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加-s，但中学英语中下列名词要加-es，它们是黑人英雄在回声中
吃土豆、西红柿，即Negroes，heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes。
但下列以-o结尾的名词既可以加-es，也可以加-s，它们是:zeros(zeroes)零，mosquitos ( mosquitoes)蚊子，volcanos ( volcanoes)火山。
以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加-s，但下列以-f或-fe结尾的名词需把f或fe去掉，加-
ves，它们是:为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，loaves，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。
但下列以-f结尾的名词既可以变f为v后加-es，也可以直接在f后加-s，它们是:handkerchiefs(handkerchieves)手帕，scarfs(scarves)围巾。
合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如:sons-in-law女婿;passers-by过路人;storytellers讲故事的人;housewives家庭主妇。
“man /woman+n.”变复数时，作定语的man /woman和中心词都要变复数。如:men teachers男老师
women engineers女工程师。
方法技巧：如何分辨名词是可数还是不可数?
(1)凡是可以分割的东西，这个东西对应的名词便是不可数名词。如milk, water分割成若干份后，还叫milk, water。
(2)凡是不可以分割的，其对应的名词便是可数名词。如desk，desk分割成若干份后，不是desk而是wood(木头)了。
二、 不规则复数形式
(1) 变内部元音：foot-feet脚 man-men男人 woman-women女人 tooth-teeth牙 mouse-mice老鼠 goose-geese鹅 gentleman-gentlemen绅士
(2) 单复数同形的名词:sheep绵羊 deer鹿 spacecraft太空船 aircraft飞行器Chinese中国人 Japanese日本人 Swiss瑞士人 means方法 crossroads十字路口 headquarters总部 series系列 species种类 works工厂 head头(量词)
(3) 外来名词的复数形式:criterion-criteria标准 phenomenon-phenomena现象
analysis-analyses 分析basis-bases 基础crisis-crises 危机thesis-theses论文
易错警示
表示“某个国家的人”的名词的单、复数形式因习惯不同而各异。如:a Chinese(一个中国人)，two Chinese(两个中国人);an American(一个美国人)，two Americans(两个美国人)。
(2) English, French等集合名词，不可以说an English, two English等，而只能说an Englishman(一个英国人)，two Englishmen(两个英国人)等。
三、 名词单、复数的一些习惯用法
(1) 有些名词一般只用复数形式。常见的有trousers(裤子)，glasses(眼镜)，clothes(衣服)，stairs(楼梯)，chopsticks(筷子)等。
(2) 有些以-s结尾的名词，它们不是名词的复数。常见的有maths(数学)，physics(物理)，politics(政治)，works(作品)，means(方法)，news(新闻)。
Maths is one of the most popular subjects in our class.在我们班数学是最受欢迎的学科之一。
有些名词(如:people， police等)指多数人，应看作复数。
You may feel comfortable with some people.你与一些人在一起也许会感觉舒服。
The police are looking for the missing child.等察正在寻找那个丢失的孩子。
集体名词既可以作单数，也可以作复数。集体名词看作整体时，应为单数;若看作整体中的各个成员时，应为复数。
My family is a big one.我们家是个大家庭。(指整体)
When he came in, my family were watching TV.当他进来时，我们家人在看电视。
The football team is very good.这个足球队很好。
The team are bathing.队员们在洗澡。
有些名词通常用作单数，表示总体，如hair头发，fruit水果，vegetable蔬菜等，但如果表示若干根头发，若干种水果、蔬菜时，则需用它们的复数形式。
My mother's hair is gray.我妈妈的头发花白了。
She has a few white hairs.她有一些白头发。
The fruit is ripening. 果子在成熟。
Her daughter likes pears, peaches and other juicy fruits.她女儿喜欢吃梨、桃和其他多汁水果。
同一名词，既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词，但意思不同，如:
有些可数名词，单复数意思也不相同，如:
易错警示
同一个名词在不同的语境中有不同的意思和用法，有时候用作可数名词，有时候用作不可数名词。如:
fish表示不同种类的鱼时，其复数形式为fishes，而表示同一种鱼时，其单复数形式相同。
penny表示便士的“价值”时复数为pence，常与数词搭配起来表示钱数:five pence五便士，tenpence十便士;表示便士的“个数”时复数为pennies。
四、 不可数名词的数
不可数名词前不能直接加基数词来计量，其计量方法有两种:
可以在不可数名词前加little , a little, much , a lot of , lots of , some , any, plenty of , a good /great deal of , a bit
of , most等修饰词或短语来计量。
也可以在不可数名词前加单位词来计量，其结构为“基数词+单位词+of+不可数名词”。当数量超过一
时，单位词也要用复数。
②常用来对不可数名词计责的由单位词构成的短语有:
a piece of bread/meat一块面包/肉 two pieces of paper两张纸
three bottles of orange三瓶橘汁 four glasses of milk四杯牛奶
five drops of water五滴水 six bags of rice六袋大米
ten cups of tea十杯茶 a sheet of paper一张纸
a loaf of bread一片面包 a grain of rice一粒米
a cake of soap一块肥皂 an ear of wheat一穗小麦
two bottles of ink两瓶墨水 a piece of advice一条建议(忠告)
a slice of meat一片肉 a lump of sugar一块糖
a bar of chocolate一块巧克力 a block of coal一块煤
a sum of money一笔钱 a set of books一套书
a row of houses一排房子 a copy of On Practice一本《实践论》
a group of monkeys一群猴子 a team of players一队运动员
a line of students一行学生 a suit of clothes一套衣服
a bunch of flowers一束花 a pocket of cigarettes一包烟
baskets of apples几篮子苹果
知识归纳
英语中大部分名词没有性的区别，少数表示男性或雄性动物的名词属阳性，表示女性或雌性动物的名词属阴性。如:boy-girl cock-hen gentleman先生一lady女士 bull公牛一cow母牛 god神一goddess女神 prince王子一princess公主 actor男演员一actress女演员 host男主人一hostess女主人
五、名词所有格
(1) 基本概念
名词的格是指名词所具有的形式及其变化，表示名词在句中与其他词的关系。
例如:The desk is mine. 这张桌子是我的。(主格一主语)
The man is my teacher.那个人是我的老师。(主格一表语)
Come in, Tom.进来，汤姆。(主格一独立成分)
This is a map of China.这是一张中国地图。( of所有格一定语)
June 1st is Children's Day.六月一日是儿童节。('s所有格一定语)
They are my father's friends. 他们是我父亲的朋友。('s所有格一定语)
I met a friend of my father's.我遇见我爸爸的一位老朋友。(双重所有格一定语)
名词的's所有格
主要用在有生命的名词后，但有时也可用在表示时间、自然现象、度量衡、价值、国家、城市等无生命的名词后面。
易错警示
英语中如何表共有?
(1)表示几个人共同拥有，只在最后一个名词后加“'s”。Tom and Jim's room: Tom和Jim的房间(共有)。
(2)表示每个人各自拥有，在每个名词后加“'s”。 Kate's and Mary's books: Kate和Mary的书(不共有)。
六、名词的of所有格
易错警示
表示所有格时哪些名词前不用of?
(1)钥匙答案桥和路，出入口的所有格用to:
the key to the door门的钥匙
the answer to the question问题的答案
the bridge to knowledge通向知识的桥梁
the way to the school去学校的路
the exit to the building大楼的出口
the entrance to the hall大厅的入口
(2)还有些名词前用for表示所有格:
books for children儿童读本
bags for sports运动包
七、名词的双重所有格
知识归纳
(1)名词所有格后面跟表示住宅、学校、店铺等的名词时，名词习惯上可省略。如:at the barber's(shop)在理发店;at the doctor's(office)在医院;at the booksellers(store)在书店;at the Whites'( home)在怀特夫妇的家里。
(2)常见的名词后缀;
①-er/-r(如:traveller旅行者;hunter猎人)
②-or(如: director指导者，导演;inventor发明者，发明家)
③-ese(如:Chinese中国人;Japanese日本人)
④-ist(如:artist艺术家;pianist钢琴家;socialist社会主义者)
⑤-ment(如:movement移动，运动;judgement判断，判决;agreement同意，协议)
⑥-ion/-sion/-tion(如:operation运转，手术;decision决定，决心;invitation邀请，请帖)
⑦-hood(如:boyhood少年时代;girlhood少女时期)
⑧-ness(如:kindness亲切，善良;illness疾病)
⑨-th(如:truth真理;youth年轻人，青春)

【例题精讲】
Will you please give us _______ on how to do our _______ ?
A. an advice; homework B. some advice; homework
C. a piece of advise; homework D. any advices; homeworks
思路点拨：
①句意：请你给我们一些关于如何做作业的建议好吗?
②本题考查有关可数名词与不可数名词的知识。advice“建议，忠告”，是不可数名词，不可以说an advice, any advices,所以A,D项是错的。应该说:a (good) piece of advice一条(好的)建议;two pieces of advice两条建议;some advice一些建议。
③advice构成的词组有:give some advice on sth在某方面提出建议;take (follow) the advice采纳(接受)建议;ask for (some) advice征求别人的建议。
④advise是动词，所以C项也是错误的。homework也是不可数名词，不可以说homeworks 。
Yesterday he told me _______ news.
A. a good B. such a good
C. so good a D. a good piece of
方法技巧
(1)要分清名词是否可数。
(2)注意名词与限定词及与动词的搭配。
3. Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous _______ in American _______ .
A. symbol; culture B. symbol; cultures
C. symbols; culture D. symbols; cultures
思路点拨：
①“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”意为“最……的……之一”，故第一空要用symbol的复数形式。 ② American culture意为“美国文化”，此时culture是不可数名词。
4.Health is important for us teenagers, so we should eat more vegetables such as _______ to keep healthy.
A. tomatoes and potatoes
B. tomatos and potatos
C. tomatos and potatoes
5.Yesterday he told me _______ news.
A. a good B. such a good
C. so good a D. a good piece of
方法技巧
(1)要分清名词是否可数。
(2)注意名词与限定词及与动词的搭配。
6.Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous _______ in American _______ .
A. symbol; culture B. symbol; cultures
C. symbols; culture D. symbols; cultures
思路点拨：
①“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”意为“最……的……之一”，故第一空要用symbol的复数形式。
The three _______(spaceman) of Shenzhou Ⅶ spaceship were warmly welcomed in Hong Kong. spacemen
思路点拨：①句意:神舟七号的宇航员在香港受到了热烈的欢迎。
一I'm told your class has 3 newcomers.
一Yes. One is a _______ ，and the other two are_______ .
A. Japan; Germany
B. Japanese; German
C. Japanese; Germans
D. Japanese; Germen
9. 一What did you have for dinner yesterday?
一I ate _______ and Kate drank a glass of _______ juice.
A. an orange; an orange B. orange; orange
C. orange; an orange D. an orange; orange
思路点拨：orange意为“橙子;橘子”时，是可数名词;orange意为“橘子汁;橙色”时，是不可数名词。
10.一Can I help you?
一I'd like a book on .
A. radio B. a radio
C. radios D. radioes
11. I paid ￥10 for _______ this morning.
A. 4 bottle milks B. 4 bottles of milk
C. 4 bottles of milks D. 4 milk
思路点拨：①本题考查不可数名词“量”的表示法。4 bottles of milk表示四杯牛奶。
12. I live near the station. It's only about five _______ walk.
A. minute's B. minute
C. minutes' D. minutes
思路点拨：①句意:我住在车站的附近。只有大概步行五分钟的路程。②根据句意可知此处应用名词的所有格，在以-s结尾的名词复数后只加'，不必加's。
13._______ Day is coming. I will buy some _______ for Miss Wu.
A. Teacher's; flower B. Teachers'; flowers C. Teachers'; flower
14. 一Look at that photo，what a happy family!
一Yes，it's a photo _______ my family.
A. at B. for C. of D. in
思路点拨：①a photo of my family“我的一张全家福”，介词of在这里构成所有格。②表示地名、交通工具的名词以及与人的活动有关的无生命的名词的所有格可用of，也可用's。如:the future of China/China's future中国的未来;the girl's name/he name of the girl这个女孩的名字。
15.一Would you please show me the way _______ the park?
一Yes，go straight ahead. It's opposite a school.
A. in B. for C. with D. to
16.一Who told you such thing?
一 .
一If he says that, he is not .
A. A friend of my brother's; a friend of your brother
B. A friend of my brother; a friend of your brother's
C. My brother's friend; a friend of your brother
D. My brother's one friend; a friend of your brother
思路点拨：①句意:一谁告诉你这样的事情?一我哥哥的一个朋友。一如果他这么说，他就不是你哥哥的朋友。
②注意比较双重所有格与of所有格的不同。双重所有格表示部分概念。
如：Mr White is a friend of my father's.=My father has many friends, and Mr White is one of them.
比较：Mr White is a friend of my father. =Mr White is my father's friend.(只说明朋友关系，没有My father has many friends这层意思。)
17.一With whom did you watch the 2010 World Cup Opening Ceremony?
一 _______.
A. A friend of mine B. A friend of
C. A friend of my sister D. A friend of you
【课堂练习】
1. I'm pretty busy minding my own _______，so I don't care whether Tom
is chewing gum in class.
A. action B. business C. duty D. thing
2. While we are busy making other plans，our children are busy growing up，the people we love are moving away and dying，our bodies are getting out of _______，and our dreams are dying gradually.
A. date B. shape C. order D. touch
3. For the first few months after Daniel died, I was in a _______ of being very sad.
A. state B. method C. condition D. mind
4.一What is the size of your class?
一It has a _______ of more than 60 students.
A. staff B. population C. pile D. crowd
5. Last week US first lady Michell paid a visit to China, which will make a _______ to culture exchange between the two countries.
A. difference B. change C. importance D. permission
6. CCTV's Dictation Assembly of Chinese Character(汉字听写大赛)has become popular because of its _______ on developing our native language.
A. decision B. style C. chance D. influence
7. The lady has long black _______ , and it looks beautiful. But recently she found a few white _______ .
A. hair; hairs B. hairs; hair C. hair; hair D. hairs; hairs
8. The _______ of the examination show that you have all made great _______ .
A. result; progress B. results; progress C. result; progresses D. results; progresses
9. There will be a basketball match tomorrow between the _______ and the _______ .
A. men teacher; boy students B. men doctors; boys student
C. men teacher; boy's students D. men doctors; boy students
10. I stayed at _______ when I was in Beijing.
A. Xiao Wang's B. Wang's home C. the Wangs D. home of Wang
11.)It's widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to _______.
A. rewards B. prizes C. awards D. results
12. One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high-rise is that you can get a good _______.
A. sight B. scene C. view D. look
13. For the sake of her daughter's health, she decided to move to a warm _______.
A. weather B. temperature C. season D. climate
14. It is said that dogs will keep you _______ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.
A. safety B. company C. house D. friend
15. This is not a match. We're playing chess just for _______.
A. habit B. hobby C. fun D. game
16. No matter what you do，you should put your _______ into it.
A. mind B. heart C. brain D. thought
17.一If you like I can do some shopping for you.
一That's a very kind _______.
A. offer B. service C. point D. suggestion
18. The two boys had a short talk during the _______ between the two classes.
A. time B. moment C. rest D. break
19.一The meals in this little inn are just fine.
一Yes，it's really a good _______ .
A. find B. invention C. discovery D. look
20. Mr Smith and his wife soon moved back to the _______ because they could hardly get used to city life.
A. country B. nation C. state D. province
21. What a lot of _______ I have to finish today!
A. works B. work C. job D. working
22. Will you please make _______ for the man outside?
A. space B. place C. room D. seats
参考答案：
1-10 BBAAADABDA 11-20 ACDBCBADAA 21-22 BC
1. I'm sure he is an honest boy. I have no _______ to doubt （质疑） what he said.
A. reason B. action C. feeling D. decision
2. The _______ that there is life on other planets has always encouraged scientists to explore the outer space.
A. invitation B. possibility
C. order D. advice
3. - I'm always afraid to ask questions because of my poor _______.
-You'd better practice speaking English more.
A. introduction B. information
C. pronunciation D. instruction
4. I couldn't get much _______ of the exhibition of clean﹣energy products from the website.
A. news B. photos
C. posters D. advertisements
5.The earth is often called the ocean planet. Its surface is 70 percent _______.
A. land B. plants C. animals D. water
6. WeChat（微信）is one of the most convenient ways of _______.
A. information B. competition
C. communication D. pollution
7. -Have you paid the _______？-Yes. It's ten more dollars this month.
A. bill B. price C. value D. menu
8. Kate is so shy that she doesn't have to sing in public.
A. power B. courage C. energy D. time
9. He rides a bike to work every day in order to keep in _______.
A. support B. service C. surface D. shape
10.Schools are good places for students to get _______ and make friends.
A. background B. knowledge
C. attention D. competition
11.Though Bill is very young，he has a lot of _______ about Chinese history.
A. information B. knowledge
C. background D. experience
12.The article gives students some _______ about how to stay safe online.
A. suggestions B. activities
C. decisions D. advantages
13. -Mom， which is the better _______ for me， a senior high school or a vocational（职业的） high school？-Either is OK. It's up to your future plan.
A. choice B. result C. experience D. news
14. -Could you tell me how to start a conversation with people from England？
-I think talking about the _______ is the first choice.
A. age B. family C. money D. weather
15. High﹣speed trains are seen as one of the new Four Great _______ of China.
A. Achievements B. Agreements
C. Environments D. Inventions
16.It's not a good _______ for students to go online just for answers to homework.
A. skill B. game C. hobby D. habit
17. The _______ of the 2019 Beijing International Horticultural Expo（园艺博览会） is "Live Green，Live Better".
A. symbol B. condition C. theme D. invention
18. In China， the color red is the _______ of good luck.
A. dream B. way C. symbol D. reason
19. （2019?贵港）-The air is very fresh in our city. There is less _______ than before.
-Yes. The government has taken action to protect the environment.
A. wood B. pollution C. noise D. water
20. （2019?鄂州）-I don't know how to use the App Fun Dubbing.
- Ask Kitty for help. She has lots of _______ in doing it.
A. expression B. experiment
C. examination D. experience
答案解析：
1. I'm sure he is an honest boy. I have no _____ to doubt （质疑） what he said.
A. reason B. action C. feeling D. decision
【分析】我确信他是一个诚实的男孩. 我没有理由质疑他说的.
【解答】reason理由；action行动；feeling感觉；decision决定. 根据语境可知"我确信他是一个诚实的男孩. 我没有理由质疑他说的. "
故选：A.
【点评】了解各选项的含义及用法，根据语境作答.
2. The ____________that there is life on other planets has always encouraged scientists to explore the outer space.
A. invitation B. possibility
C. order D. advice
【分析】其他行星上有生命的可能性一直鼓励科学家探索外层空间.
【解答】invitation邀请；possibility可能性；order订单；advice建议. 根据意思：其他行星上有生命的可能性一直鼓励科学家探索外层空间.
故选：B.
【点评】此题考查名词词义辨析，首先熟知名词意思用法，结合语境，仔细分析，可得出答案.
3. ﹣ I'm always afraid to ask questions because of my poor____.
﹣You'd better practice speaking English more.
A. introduction B. information
C. pronunciation D. instruction
【分析】由于发音不好，我总是害怕提问.
你最好多练习说英语.
【解答】introduction意为"介绍"， information意为"信息"， pronunciation意为"发音"，instruction意为"指示，命令". 句意：由于发音不好，我总是害怕提问.
故选：C.
【点评】此题考查名词词义辨析，首先熟知名词意思用法，结合语境，仔细分析，可得出答案.
4. I couldn't get much______ of the exhibition of clean﹣energy products from the website.
A. news B. photos
C. posters D. advertisements
【分析】网站上没有太多关于清洁能源产品展览的新闻.
【解答】news新闻，不可数名词；photo照片；poster海报；advertisements广告；根据much后面加不可数名词. 根据意思：网站上没有太多关于清洁能源产品展览的新闻.
故选：A.
【点评】此题考查名词词义辨析，熟知名词意思，结合语境，仔细分析. 可得出答案.
5. The earth is often called the ocean planet. Its surface is 70 percent ________.
A. land B. plants C. animals D. water
【分析】地球通常被称为海洋星球. 它的表面的70%覆盖着水.
【解答】根据句意：地球通常被称为海洋星球. 它的表面的70%覆盖着水. 结合选项，A. 陆地 B. 植物 C. 动物 D. 水，选项D符合题意.
故选：D.
【点评】熟悉不可数名词的用法，结合题意给出答案.
6.WeChat（微信）is one of the most convenient ways of .
A. information B. competition
C. communication D. pollution
【分析】微信是最方便的交流方式之一.
【解答】information信息；competition比赛；communication交流；pollution污染. 根据语境可知"微信是最方便的交流方式之一. "
故选：C.
【点评】了解各选项的含义及用法，根据语境作答.
7. -Have you paid the_____？
-Yes. It's ten more dollars this month.
A. bill B. price C. value D. menu
【分析】﹣你付账了吗？﹣是的. 这个月再加10美元.
【解答】bill账单；price价格；value价值；menu菜单. 根据问句中的paid和答语"这个月再加10美元"，可知问句询问"你付账了吗"
故选：A.
【点评】了解各选项的含义及用法，根据语境作答.
8. Kate is so shy that she doesn't have to sing in public.
A. power B. courage C. energy D. time
【分析】凯特很害羞，她没有勇气在公共场合唱歌.
【解答】本题考查名词的词义辨析. 分析：根据句意，说的是凯特很害羞，没有勇气在公共场合唱歌. 所给四个答案辨析：power 力量；courage 勇气；energy 精力；time 时间. 因此只有答案B符合题目意思和要求.
故选：B.
【点评】解答本题时，首先要分析题干句的意思和要求，再根据所给的答案做出正确的选择.
9. He rides a bike to work every day in order to keep in __________.
A. support B. service C. surface D. shape
【分析】为了保持身材他每天骑车去上班.
【解答】support支持；service服务；surface表面；shape形状. keep in shape保持体形. 根据语境可知每天骑车上班应该是为了保持身材.
故选：D.
【点评】了解各选项的含义及用法，根据语境选择答案.
10. Schools are good places for students to get __________and make friends.
A. background B. knowledge
C. attention D. competition
【分析】学校是学生获得知识和结交朋友的好地方.
【解答】backgroud背景；knowledge知识；attention注意；competition比赛. 根据语境可知学校是学生获得知识和结交朋友的好地方.
故选：B.
【点评】了解各选项的含义及用法，根据语境选择答案.
11. Though Bill is very young，he has a lot of ______ about Chinese history.
A. information B. knowledge
C. background D. experience
【分析】虽然比尔很年轻，但是他了解很多中国历史的知识.
【解答】information信息；knowledge知识；background背景；experience经验. 根据语境可知虽然比尔很年轻，但是他了解很多关于中国历史的知识.
故选：B.
【点评】了解各选项的含义及用法，根据语境作答.
12. The article gives students some___________ about how to stay safe online.
A. suggestions B. activities
C. decisions D. advantages
【分析】这篇文章给了学生一些关于如何在网上保持安全的建议.
【解答】suggestions建议；activities活动；decisions决定；advantages优点. 根据语境可知这篇文章给了学生一些关于如何在网上保持安全的建议.
故选：A.
【点评】了解各选项的含义及用法，根据语境选择答案.
13. ﹣﹣﹣Mom， which is the better for me， a senior high school or a vocational（职业的） high school？
﹣﹣﹣Either is OK. It's up to your future plan.
A. choice B. result C. experience D. news
【分析】﹣﹣妈妈，哪个选择对于我来说更好一些，高中还是职业高中？
﹣﹣都可以. 这取决于你将来的计划.
【解答】choice 选择；result 结果；experience 经验，经历；news 新闻，消息；根据a senior high school or a vocational（职业的） high school，高中还是职业高中可知这是两个选择，而其它三个词不符合题意.
故选：A.
【点评】读懂句子并认识选项中的单词并正确做出选择.
14. ﹣﹣﹣Could you tell me how to start a conversation with people from England？
﹣﹣﹣I think talking about the is the first choice.
A. age B. family C. money D. weather
【分析】﹣﹣你能告诉我和一个来自英格兰的人怎样开始一个谈话吗？
﹣﹣我认为谈论天气是第一选择.
【解答】age 年龄；family 家庭；money 钱；weather；与西方人谈话一定要谈论安全的话题，要避开比较隐私的话题，比如年龄，收入，家人等；一般都谈论天气是比较安全的话题.
故选：D.
【点评】了解一些西方文化有助于学习英语.
15. High﹣speed trains are seen as one of the new Four Great_____of China.
A. Achievements B. Agreements
C. Environments D. Inventions
【分析】高铁被看成是中国新四大发明之一.
【解答】Achievements 成就；Agreements 协议，同意；Environments 环境；Inventions 发明；这几个词都是名词复数形式，new Four Great Inventions of China 中国新四大发明，高铁是中国新四大发明之一，选Inventions，而其它三个词都不合适.
故选：D.
【点评】读懂句子并认识选项中的名词，能选出正确答案.
16. It's not a good for students to go online just for answers to homework.
A. skill B. game C. hobby D. habit
【分析】对于学生来说上网只是为了作业答案不是一个好习惯.
【解答】skill 技能；game 游戏；hobby 兴趣，爱好；habit 习惯；句子中的It是形式主语，真正的主语是 to go online just for answers to homework，上网只是为了作业答案，这可以称为是一个习惯，但其它三个名词不符合题意.
故选：D.
【点评】读懂句子并认识几个选项中的单词，选出正确的答案.
17. The _____of the 2019 Beijing International Horticultural Expo（园艺博览会） is "Live Green，Live Better".
A. symbol B. condition C. theme D. invention
【分析】2019年北京国际园艺博览会的主题是"绿色生活，美丽家园".
【解答】symbol象征，condition状态，theme主题，invention发明；根据句意"2019年北京国际园艺博览会的主题是"绿色生活，美丽家园""可知，要填"主题"，其它选项语意不通.
故选：C.
【点评】考查名词词意辨析，要牢记名词的词意及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案.
18. In China， the color red is the ________of good luck.
A. dream B. way C. symbol D. reason
【分析】在中国红色是好运的象征.
【解答】dream梦想，way道路，办法，symbol象征，reason理由；根据句意"在中国红色是好运的象征"可知，要填"象征"，其它选项语意不通.
故选：C.
【点评】考查名词词意辨析，要牢记名词的词意及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案.
19. ﹣﹣﹣The air is very fresh in our city. There is less than before.
﹣﹣﹣Yes. The government has taken action to protect the environment
A. wood B. pollution C. noise D. water
【分析】﹣﹣我们城市的空气很新鲜. 污染比以前少了.
﹣﹣是的. 政府已采取行动保护环境.
【解答】A. wood 树木；B. pollution污染；C. noise 噪音；D. water水，根据The government has taken action to protect the environment可知句意：我们城市的空气很新鲜. 污染比以前少了.
故选：B.
【点评】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合时态准确作答
20. ﹣﹣﹣ I don't know how to use the App Fun Dubbing.
﹣﹣﹣ Ask Kitty for help. She has lots of in doing it.
A. expression B. experiment
C. examination D. experience
【分析】﹣﹣我不知道怎么使用App Fun Dubbing.
﹣﹣向Kitty寻求帮助. 她在使用这上有很多经验.
【解答】expression 表达；experiment 实验；examination 考试；experience 经验；She has lots of experience in doing it. 她在使用它上用很多经验，符合题意，其它几个选项不符合题意.
故选：D.
【点评】读懂句子并认识选项中的单词.

名词的分类
可数名词
不可数名词
1.I like this song. It's by one of my favorite ________.
A.singers B.dancers C.painters D.writers
2.Betty has a beautiful ________. She wants to be a singer in the future.
A.voice B.look C.noise D.sound
3.For his son's birthday， Steven is taking him to the new movie as a ________.
A.task B.treat C.choice D.visit
4.Night Safari is an amazing ________ and you can watch animals there at night.
A.school B.zoo C.hospital
5.-Oh， my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do？
-I'm afraid that we have no ________ but to take a taxi.
A.idea B.decision C.reason D.choice
6.The food safety is a serious ________ in many countries. People should try to solve it.
A.subject B.program C.problem D.opinion
7.I'm not hungry at all because I have just had much ________.
A.bread B.pears C.eggs
8.-Dad， what is the loudspeaker saying？
-It is to the ________. The flight to Wuhan is boarding now.
A.customers B.passengers C.members D.tourists
9.- More and more foreigners come to visit the Great Wall.
-That's true. It is the ________ of China.
A.praise B.pride C.effort D.courage
10.Upstairs are ________ bedrooms. They are tidy and nice. But ________ are in a mess.
A.Lily's and Lucy's； our B.Lily's and Lucy's； ours
C.Lily's and Lucy； ours D.Lily and Lucy's； our
11.-Whose jackets are these？
-They said they are________.They lost them yesterday.
A.Ours B.Li Lei and Li Tao's C.Li Lei′s and Li Tao's
12.Tim got four ________ from his relatives on Children's day.
A.toy B.toys C.toies
13.I'd like some ________ and ________.
A.banana； tomato B.bananas； tomato
C.bananas； tomatoes D.banana； tomatoes
14.For your own ________，please don′t smoke on the plane.
A.feelings B.safety C.health
15.-She is leaving to take part in the final poem competition.
- I'm proud of her. I wish her a great.
A.speed B.method C.pressure D.success
16.Jane is very thirsty， so she needs some ________.
A.water B.bread C.cakes D.rice
17.-I know little about this product.
-Surf the Internet， and you will get much ________ about it.
A.information B.message C.suggestion
18.- Miss Huang always advises us to practice speaking English after class.
- She is right. Speaking is an important language ________.
A.sign B.skill C.suggestion
19.After playing football for more than half an hour， the students took ________ rest.
A.a few minute's B.a little minute's
C.a few minutes' D.a little minutes'
20.The number of the people using Huawei ________ is getting larger and larger.（　　）
A.cultures B.customers C.products D.histories
答案与解析：
1. I like this song. It's by one of my favorite_________.
A. singers B. dancers C. painters D. writers
【分析】我喜欢这首歌. 她是我最喜欢的歌手之一的歌.
【解答】singers 歌手；dancers舞蹈家； painters 画家；writers 作家；这几个词都是复数形式，句子中的by有来自的意思，由I like this song可知，它肯定是来自歌手，而不是其它的职业.
故选：A.
【点评】读懂句子并认识选项中的单词.
2. Betty has a beautiful _________. She wants to be a singer in the future.
A. voice B. look C. noise D. sound
【分析】Betty有一副好嗓音. 她将来想成为一名歌手.
【解答】voice 声音，侧重指嗓音；noise 噪音；sound 声音，指一般的声音；look 外貌；由句子She wants to be a singer in the future，她将来想成为一名歌手可知，她有一副好嗓音，其它几个名词不符合题意.
故选：A.
【点评】读懂句子并能分析出选项中的单词的意思区别.
3. For his son's birthday， Steven is taking him to the new movie as a .
A. task B. treat C. choice D. visit
【分析】为了儿子的生日，史蒂文要带他去看新片作为款待.
【解答】task任务，treat款待，choice选择，visit参观；结合句意"为了儿子的生日，史蒂文要带他去看新片作为款待"可知，要填"款待"，其它选项语意不通.
故选：B.
【点评】考查名词词意辨析，要牢记名词的词意及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案.
4. Night Safari is an amazing__________and you can watch animals there at night.
A. school B. zoo C. hospital
【分析】Night Safari是一个神奇的动物园，你可以在那里晚上观看动物.
【解答】A表示学校，B表示动物园，C表示医院. 根据题干中you can watch animals there at night. 可知在那里晚上可以观看动物，由此可知Night Safari是一个神奇的动物园.
故选：B.
【点评】本题考查名词辨析，基础题，熟悉三个选项的含义，再根据题干中的关键词即可作出选择.
5. ﹣﹣﹣Oh， my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do？
﹣﹣﹣I'm afraid that we have no but to take a taxi.
A. idea B. decision C. reason D. choice
【分析】﹣﹣哦，我的天啊. 我们已经错过了最后一趟公交车. 我们应该怎么办？
﹣﹣我恐怕我们没有选择只能乘出租车了.
【解答】考查名词，idea主意，decision决定，reason原因，choice选择，结合语境，哦，我的天啊. 我们已经错过了最后一趟公交车. 我们应该怎么办？我恐怕我们没有选择只能乘出租车了.
故选：D.
【点评】掌握名词词义，结合语境选择合适的选项.
6. The food safety is a serious in many countries. People should try to solve it.
A. subject B. program C. problem D. opinion
【分析】食品安全在很多国家是一个严重的问题. 人们应该尽力解决它.
【解答】subject 科目；program 节目；problem 问题，难题；opinion 意见，观点；根据try to solve it可知一般solve的宾语是problem，解决问题. 其它的几个单词用在句子里意思也不符合.
故选：C.
【点评】读懂句子并认识几个名词并会比较哪个更合适.
7. I'm not hungry at all because I have just had much ______.
A. bread B. pears C. eggs
【分析】我一点也不饿，因为我刚吃了很多面包.
【解答】much修饰不可数名词，bread面包，不可数， pears，eggs都是复数名词，所以错误，句意：我一点也不饿，因为我刚吃了很多面包.
故选：A.
【点评】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合时态准确作答
8. ﹣﹣﹣Dad， what is the loudspeaker saying？
﹣﹣﹣It is to the . The flight to Wuhan is boarding now.
A. customers B. passengers C. members D. tourists
【分析】爸爸，扩音器在说什么？
是说给给乘客的. 去武汉的航班现在正在登机.
【解答】customer顾客，passenger乘客，member成员，tourist游客；结合句意"是说给给乘客的. 去武汉的航班现在正在登机"可知，要填"乘客"，其它选项语意不通.
故选：B.
【点评】考查名词词意辨析，要牢记名词的词意及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案.
9. ﹣ More and more foreigners come to visit the Great Wall.
﹣That's true. It is the_____of China.
A. praise B. pride C. effort D. courage
【分析】越来越多的外国人来参观长城.
是的. 它是中国的骄傲.
【解答】praise赞扬，pride骄傲，effort努力，courage勇气；结合句意"它是中国的骄傲"可知，要填"骄傲"，其它选项语意不通.
故选：B.
【点评】考查名词词义辨析，要牢记名词的词义及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案.
10. （2019?眉山）Upstairs are bedrooms. They are tidy and nice. But are in a mess.
A. Lily's and Lucy's； our
B. Lily's and Lucy's； ours
C. Lily's and Lucy； ours
D. Lily and Lucy's； our
【分析】楼上是莉莉和露西的房间. 它们又整洁又漂亮. 但我们的情况一团糟.
【解答】因为空格后的bedrooms是复数，所以"房间"是莉莉和露西各自所有，两个都要用所有格，根据are in a mess可知用名词性物主代词ours， 相当于our rooms
故选：B.
【点评】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合时态准确作答.
11. ﹣﹣﹣Whose jackets are these？
﹣﹣﹣They said they are______. They lost them yesterday.
A. Ours
B. Li Lei and Li Tao's
C. Li Lei′s and Li Tao's
【分析】﹣﹣这些是谁的夹克？
﹣﹣他们说是李雷和林涛的. 他们昨天丢了.
【解答】句中jackets是复数，说明"夹克"是李雷和林涛各自所有的，所以分别都要用所有格，句意：他们说是李雷和林涛的. 他们昨天丢了.
故选：C.
【点评】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合时态准确作答
12. Tim got four from his relatives on Children's day.
A. toy B. toys C. toies
【分析】蒂姆在儿童节从亲戚那里得到了四个玩具.
【解答】基数词four后跟复数名词，toy的复数是toys， 辅音字母+y结尾的名词变y为i，再加﹣es， 元音字母+y结尾的名词直接加﹣s
故选：B.
【点评】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合时态准确作答
13. I'd like some_____and_____.
A. banana； tomato B. bananas； tomato
C. bananas； tomatoes D. banana； tomatoes
【分析】我想要一些香蕉和西红柿.
【解答】根据句意：我想要一些香蕉和西红柿. 可知banana和 tomato都是可数名词，some后接复数形式.
故选：C.
【点评】熟悉可数名词的用法，结合题意，给出答案.
14. For your own______，please don′t smoke on the plane.
A. feelings B. safety C. health
【分析】为了你自己的安全，请在飞机上不要吸烟.
【解答】feeling 感情；safety 安全；health 健康；因为句子里有on the plane，在飞机上吸烟是危险的，所以选为了安全，而不选health.
故选：B.
【点评】这个题很容易选C，但是此题有on the plane，所以选safety合适.
15. ﹣﹣﹣ She is leaving to take part in the final poem competition.
﹣﹣﹣ I'm proud of her. I wish her a great.
A. speed B. method C. pressure D. success
【分析】﹣﹣她马上要去参加诗歌比赛决赛.
﹣﹣我为她骄傲. 我希望她成功.
【解答】speed 速度；method 方法；pressure 压力；success 成功；四个单词都是名词，a great success 一个巨大的成功，通过句子She is leaving to take part in the final poem competition，她马上要去参加诗歌比赛决赛可知，我们肯定是希望她成功，而其他的几个词不符合题意的.
故选：D.
【点评】读懂句子的意思，认识选项的单词，并会正确的做出选择.
16. Jane is very thirsty， so she needs some .
A. water B. bread C. cakes D. rice
【分析】Jane 非常渴，因此她需要一些水.
【解答】本题考查的是不可数名词的用法. 所给答案意思：water 水；bread 面包；cake 蛋糕；rice 米饭. 句子表达的是Jane渴了，因此只有A. 符合题目要求.
故选：A.
【点评】解答本题时，要了解所给答案的意思，再根据题干选出正确答案.
17. ﹣I know little about this product.
﹣Surf the Internet， and you will get much _________about it.
A. information B. message
C. suggestion
【分析】﹣﹣有关这个产品我几乎不知道.
﹣﹣上网，你会得到有关它很多的信息.
【解答】考查不可数名词，much为不可数名词，后跟不可数名词，information信息，不可数名词，message信息，可数名词单数，suggestion建议，可数名词单数，结合语境，有关这个产品我几乎不知道. 上网，你会得到有关它很多的信息.
故选：A.
【点评】掌握名词词义，区分可数名词与不可数名词的用法，结合语境作答.
18. ﹣﹣﹣ Miss Huang always advises us to practice speaking English after class.
﹣﹣﹣ She is right. Speaking is an important language ______.
A. sign B. skill C. suggestion
【分析】﹣﹣黄女士总是建议我们下课后练习说英语.
﹣﹣她是对的. 说英语是一种重要的语言技能.
【解答】考查名词，sign标识，skill技能，suggestion建议，结合语境，黄女士总是建议我们下课后练习说英语. 她是对的. 说英语是一种重要的语言技能.
故选：B.
【点评】掌握名词词义，结合语境选择正确的答案.
19.After playing football for more than half an hour， the students took rest.
A. a few minute's B. a little minute's
C. a few minutes' D. a little minutes'
【分析】在踢了半个多小时的足球之后，学生们休息了几分钟.
【解答】a few修饰可数名词复数，a little修饰不可数名词，minute 分钟，可数名词，排除B，D选项；a few minutes 几分钟，这里用复数名词的所有格修饰名词rest， take a few minutes' rest休息几分钟.
故选：C.
【点评】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合时态准确作答
20.The number of the people using Huawei ________is getting larger and larger.
A. cultures B. customers C. products D. histories
【分析】用华为产品的人数越来越多.
【解答】考查名词，cultures文化，customers乘客，prodcuts产品，histories历史，结合语境，用华为产品的人数越来越多.
故选：C.
【点评】掌握名词词义，结合语境选择正确的答案.