(共28张PPT)
UNIT
4
BODY
LANGUAGE
Section
A
Reading
and
Thinking
核心词汇
教材原句
Just
like
spoken
language,
body
language
varies
from
culture
to
culture.
就像口语一样，肢体语言也因文化而异。
1
vary
vi.（根据情况）变化；改变
vary
with
随……而变化
vary
in
在……方面不同
vary
from...to...
由……到……变化
vary
between...and...
在……与……之间变化
The
menu
varies
with
the
season.
菜单随季节而变动。
flowers
that
vary
in
colour
and
size
色彩和大小各异的花朵
The
catalogue
of
goods
varies
from
supermarket
to
supermarket.
各超市的商品目录有差异。
The
wires’
lengths
vary
between
25
cm
and
50
cm.
这些电线的长度从
25
厘米到
50
厘米不等。
【词语积累】
various
adj.
各种各样的
variety
n.
种类；多样化
a
variety
of（=
varieties
of
=
various）各种各样的
题组练·领悟方法
搭配
单句语法填空
(1)
People’s
clothes
usually
vary
the
season
and
taste.
(2)
Generally，pulse
rates
vary
slightly
person
person.
(3)
These
shoes
vary
size
and
colour.
(4)
In
these
open
spaces
are
numerous
plants
in
stages
of
growth
that
attract
a
of
other
plant-eaters.（vary）
(5)
If
you
come
to
visit
China,
you
will
experience
a
culture
of
amazing
depth
and
（vary）.
完成句子
(6)
Typing
patterns
（因人而异）.
with
from
to
in
various
variety
variety
vary
from
person
to
person
教材原句
The
crucial
thing
is
using
body
language
in
a
way
that
is
appropriate
to
the
culture
you
are
in.
关键是使用肢体语言的方式要适合你所处的文化。
2
appropriate
adj.
合适的；恰当的
be
appropriate
for/to
适合……
搭配
It
is
appropriate（for
sb.）to
do
sth.（某人）做某事是合适的。
It
is
appropriate
that
sb.（should）do...
某人做……是合适的。
appropriate
measures/method
恰当的措施
/
方法
an
appropriate
time/place
合适的时间
/
地点
She
was
so
delicate
that
the
tough
job
was
not
appropriate
for
her.
她那么纤弱，那项艰苦的工作不适合她。
It
is
not
appropriate
(for
me)
to
make
adjustments
to
the
plan
now.
现在（我）对计划作出调整是不合适的。
It
is
appropriate
that
you
draw
a
conclusion
with
enough
evidence.
有足够的证据，所以你下结论是合适的。
【词语积累】
appropriately
adv.
合适地；恰当地
inappropriate
adj.
不合适的
单句语法填空
(1)
The
book
was
written
in
a
style
appropriate the
age
of
the
children.
(2)
Is
now
an
appropriate
time
（make）a
speech?
(3)
She
says
dressing
（appropriate）for
interviews
helps
applicants
feel
confident.
完成句子
(4)
Plain，simple
clothes
（适合）school
wear.
(5)
（……是合适的）you
should
adopt
his
suggestion.
to/for
appropriately
to
make
are
appropriate
for
It’s
appropriate
that
教材原句
In
other
countries,
by
contrast,
eye
contact
is
not
always
approved
of.
相反，在另一些国家，眼神接触并不总是被认可。
3
by
contrast
相比之下（=
in
contrast）
She
had
almost
failed
the
exam，but
her
sister，by
contrast，had
done
very
well.
她考试差点不及格，而她的妹妹相比之下考得很好。
The
coastal
areas
have
mild
winters，but
by
contrast
the
central
plains
become
extremely
cold.
沿海地区的冬天天气暖和，可是相比之下中部平原却异常寒冷。
完成句子
(1)
The
company
lost
$
7
million
this
quarter （与……形成对照）a
profit
of
$
6.
2
million
a
year
earlier.
(2)
When
you
look
at
their
new
system,
ours
seems
very
old-fashioned
(相比之下).
(3)
Mary
was
short
and
fat,
(与……形成对比)her
sister
who
was
tall
and
slim.
in
contrast
to
by
contrast
in
contrast
to
4
approve
vi.
赞成；同意
vt.
批准；通过
搭配
approve
of
sth.
同意
/
赞同某事
approve
of
one’s/sb.
doing
sth.
同意
/
赞同某人做某事
He
doesn’t
approve
of
my/me
taking
up
the
job
as
an
editor.
他不同意我从事编辑这份工作。
The
president
approved
the
building
plans
you
submitted.
董事长批准了你递交的建筑计划。
【词语积累】
approve
v..
approval
n.批准；认可；赞成
disapprove
v.不批准；不赞成
disapproval
n.不赞成
单句语法填空
(1)
Her
mother
doesn’t
approve
her
going
to
study
in
the
United
States
alone.
(2)
Alan
is
someone
who
always
needs
the
（approve）of
other
people.
(3)
After
a
lot
of
hard
work
and
efforts,
the
project
（approve）eventually
by
the
government.
完成句子
(4)
Her
father
will
never
（同意她嫁给）the
old
man
with
lots
of
money.
of
approval
was
approved
approve
of
her
marrying
教材原句
In
Japan,
someone
who
witnesses
another
person
employing
the
gesture
might
think
it
means
money.
在日本，有人如果看到另一个人用这个手势，可能认为这意味着钱。
5
witness
vt.
当场看到；目击；见证
n.
目击者；证人
be（a）
目击某事发生
bear/give
为某事作证；证明某事
Recent
years
have
witnessed
the
development
of
the
tourist
industry.
近几年旅游业得到了发展。
She
was
shocked
by
the
violent
scenes
she
had
witnessed.
她被亲眼看见的暴虐场面震惊了。
The
police
are
looking
for
witnesses
to
the
accident.
警方正在寻找这个事故的目击者。
【图解助记】
【学法点拨】
witness
作“见证”讲时，同
see
等词一样，可以用时间或地点名词作主语，使用拟人化的手法。
The
last
forty
years
have
witnessed
great
changes
in
our
country.
过去的
40
年见证了我们国家的重大变化。
搭配：
witness
to
sth.
单句语法填空
(1)
One
witness the
accident
said
the
driver
appeared
to
be
drunk.
(2)
It
was
an
extraordinary
experience
(witness)
the
first
sunrise
of
the
new
millennium.
完成句子
(3)
The
police
found
（一个……的目击证人）the
accident
and
asked
her
to
______________（作证）.
(4)
She
was
（唯一目击者）to
the
murder.
(5)
Many
people
（目睹了那场事故）because
it
happened
during
the
rush
hour.
同义句转换
(6)Tom
witnessed
the
argument.→
Tom
was
the
argument.
翻译句子
(7)
这所大学多年来经历了很多变革。
_____________________________________________________________________
to
to
witness
a
witness
to
give
witness
the
only
witness
witnessed
the
accident
a
witness
to
This
university
has
witnessed
quite
a
few
changes
over
the
years.
6
employ
vt.
使用；应用；雇用
employ
sb.
to
do
sth.
雇用某人做某事
搭配
employ
sb.
as
sth.
雇用某人当……
be
employed
in
(doing)
sth.
=
employ
oneself
in
(doing)
sth.忙于（做）某事，从事某活动
A
number
of
people
have
been
employed
to
deal
with
the
work.
已雇用一些人来处理这项工作。
He
has
been
employed
in
researching
the
wildlife
protection
in
recent
years.
最近几年来，他一直忙于研究野生生物保护。
【词语积累】
employee
n.
雇员；雇工
employer
n.
雇主
employment
n.
工作；雇用；从业
unemployment
n.
失业
employment
rate
就业率
unemployment
rate
失业率
单句语法填空
(1)
For
the
past
three
years
he
has
been
employed a
firefighter.
(2)
More
than
3,000
local
workers
（employ）in
the
tourism
industry
at
present.
(3)
The
report
examined
teaching
method
（employ）in
the
classroom.
(4)
Graduates
are
finding
it
more
and
more
difficult
to
find
（employ）.
完成句子
(5)
She
（
忙
于）making
a
list
of
all
the
jobs
to
be
done.
as
are
employed
employed
employment
was
employed
in/employed
herself
in
教材原句
Even
the
gestures
we
use
for
“
yes
”
and
“
no
”
differ
around
the
world
.
甚至我们用来表示“是”与“不是”的手势在世界各地都不一样。
7
difer
vi.
相异；不同于
differ
from
与……不同
/
有区别（=be
different
from）
搭配
differ
in
在……方面不同
differ
with
sb.
on/about/over
sth.
与某人在某事上持不同看法
Apparently,
the
twins
differ
from
each
other
in
character.
很显然，这对双胞胎在性格方面不一样。
The
examples
illustrate
that
the
two
words
differ
in
meaning.
那些例子说明了这两个词在意思上有区别。
It
is
not
an
easy
thing
to
team
up
with
those
who
differ
with
you
on
it.
与那些在这件事情上与你意见不同的人合作并非易事。
【词语积累】
different
adj.
不同的
differently
adv.
不同地
difference
n.
区别；不同之处
make
a
difference
有影响
单句语法填空
(1)
The
two
applicants
differ
each
other
in
their
ability
to
handle
stress.
(2)
Leaves
are
found
on
all
kinds
of
trees，but
they
differ
greatly
size
and
shape.
(3)
Ignoring
the
（differ）between
the
two
research
findings
will
be
one
of
the
worst
mistakes
you
make.
(4)
［2017·北京卷］
Hannah
is
one
of
many
examples
of
young
people
who
are
making
________difference
in
the
world.
(5)
I
have
to
say
I
differ
you
that
problem.
from
in
difference
a
with
on
教材原句
By
comparison,
in
Bulgaria
and
southern
Albania,
the
gestures
have
the
opposite
meaning.
相比之下，在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部，这两种姿态的含义是相反的。
8
by
comparison
（与……）相比较
By
comparison，this
house
has
the
advantage
of
low
price
and
that
house
has
the
advantage
of
convenient
transportation.
相比较起来，这幢房子的优点是价格低，而那幢房子的优点是交通便利。
By
comparison，British
artists
seemed
to
lack
imagination
and
invention.
相比之下，英国艺术家似乎缺乏想象力和创造力。
【归纳拓展】
make
a
comparison
作比较
in
comparison
with
与……相比
compare
A
with
B 把
A
和
B
进行比较
compare
A
to
B 把
A
比作
B
compared
with
与……相比
单句语法填空
(1)
The
first
unique
human
characteristic
is
that
humans
have
extraordinarily
large
brains
（compare）with
other
animals.
(2)
The
tallest
buildings
in
London
are
small
in
（compare）with
New
York’s
skyscrapers.
完成句子
(3)
After
months
of
being
in
a
tropical
climate,
Spain
seemed
cool
(相比之下).
(4)
You
can’t
（作比较）
between
American
schools
and
Chinese
schools；
they
are
very
pared
comparison
by
comparison
make
a
comparison
教材原句
Elsewhere,
people
favour
shaking
hands,
bowing
from
the
waist,
or
nodding
the
head
when
they
meet
someone
else.
在其他地方，人们见面时更喜欢握手，弯腰鞠躬或者点头。
9
favour
vt.
&
n.
（1）vt.
较喜欢；选择；有利于
Personally,
I
favour
travelling
by
bike
with
a
companion.
就我个人而言，我更喜欢跟同伴骑自行车旅行。
Chances
always
favour
those
who
make
adequate
preparations.
机会往往垂青那些有充分准备的人。
The
warm
climate
favours
many
kinds
of
plants.
温暖的气候有利于多种植物的生长。
（2）n.
帮助；恩惠；赞同
do
sb.
a
favour
帮某人一个忙
ask
sb.
a
favour
=
ask
a
favour
of
sb.
请某人帮忙
搭配
owe
sb.
a
favour
欠某人一个人情
in
favour
of
支持，赞同
in
one’s
favour
对某人有利
Could
you
do
me
a
favour
and
take
this
pile
of
books
to
the
classroom?
你能帮个忙，把这摞书搬到教室去吗？
I’m
all
in
favour
of
equal
pay
for
equal
work.
我完全支持同工同酬。
【词语积累】
favourite
adj.
最喜欢的
favoured
adj.
受到优待的；得到偏爱的
favourable
adj.
赞成的；同意的；有利的；给人好印象的
单句语法填空
(1)
The
young
girl
left
a
（favour）impression
on
him.
(2)
Brittany
is
a
（favour）
destination
for
families.
(3)
It
used
to
be
my
（favour）restaurant
but
the
standard
of
cooking
has
fallen
off
recently.
完成句子
(4)
My
sister
was
against
my
suggestion
while
my
brother
was
（赞成）it.
(5)
Could
you
（帮我个忙）and
pick
up
Sam
from
school
today?
(6)
It
seems
that
some
parents
tend
to
（偏爱最小的孩子）.
翻译句子
(7)
Opportunity
favours
prepared
people.
___________________
favourable
favoured
favourite
in
favour
of
机会青睐有准备的人。
do
me
a
favour
favour
their
youngest
children
教材原句
A
smile
can
break
down
barriers.
微笑能够消除障碍。
10
break
down
消除；分解；打破；（机器等）出故障；失败
Food
is
broken
down
in
the
stomach.
食物在胃里分解。
It
takes
a
long
time
to
break
down
prejudices.
消除偏见需要很长的时间。
He
had
to
pause
from
time
to
time
to
wipe
the
sweat
from
his
forehead，because
the
air-conditioning
system
broke
down.
他不得不时而停下来擦擦额头上的汗，因为空调系统出故障了。
【归纳拓展】
break
up
解散；破碎；结束
break
through
突破；冲破
break
away（from）
脱离；逃脱
break
in
强行进入；插话
break
into
强行进入（某处）；突然开始（笑、唱等）
break
out（战争、火灾等）爆发
单句语法填空
(1)
Their
study
in
college
would
break
up
the
next
month，so
they
decided
to
break______
their
band.
(2)
A
big
fire
broke
last
night
and
its
cause
is
being
looked
into.
(3)
When
he
got
home，he
found
his
house
broken
.
(4)
See，your
computer
has
broken
again!
It
doesn’t
make
sense
to
buy
the
cheapest
brand
of
computer
just
to
save
a
few
dollars.
(5)
This
printer
is
of
high
quality.
If
it
should
break
within
the
first
year,
we
would
repair
it
at
our
expense.
up
into
out
down
down
11
barrier
n.
隔阂；障碍
the
language
barrier
语言隔阂（因语言不通而无法交流）
the
removal
of
trade
barriers
贸易壁垒的消除
The
mountains
acted
as
a
natural
barrier
to
the
spread
of
the
disease.
群山成为了阻止该疾病扩散的天然屏障
There
was
no
real
barrier
between
reality
and
fantasy
in
his
mind.
在他的头脑中，现实与幻想之间没有真正的界线。
The
organisation
was
set
up
with
the
duty
to
break
down
barriers
in
language，culture
and
geography.
这个机构建立的初衷是消除语言、文化和地域障碍。
单句语法填空
(1)
To
study
abroad，you
need
to
break
the
language
barrier
first.
(2)
The
skin，which
acts
as
a
barrier
disease，poisons
and
the
sun’s
harmful
rays，is
an
essential
part
of
your
body.
(3)
［2019·天津卷］
The
passage
starts
with
the
story
of
Cervantes
to
show
that
age
is
not
a
barrier
achieving
one’s
goal.
down
against
to
重点句式
教材原句
In
Japan,
it
may
demonstrate
respect
to
look
down
when
talking
to
an
older
person.
在日本，和年长的人说话时目光向下以表示尊敬。
教材原句
Placing
your
hands
together
and
resting
them
on
the
side
of
your
head
while
closing
your
eyes
means
“sleep”.
双手并拢放在头的一侧，同时闭上眼睛表示“睡觉”。
【句式分析】在以上两个句子中，when
talking
和
while
closing
都采用了省略的形式。完整的
形式是
when
they
are
talking
和
while
you
are
closing。
1
状语从句中的省略
状语从句的省略是指在时间、条件、比较、让步状语从句中，将从句的主语和
be
动词一起省略。通常需要具备以下条件：
（1）从句主语与主句主语一致，或从句主语为
it；
（2）从句中含有
be
动词。
Video
games
can
be
a
bad
influence
if（they
are）left
in
the
wrong
hands.
电子游戏如果落入一个错误的人手中就能够产生不良影响。
It
is
so
cold
that
you
can’t
go
outside
unless（you
are）fully
covered
in
thick
clothes.
外面太冷了，你不要出去，除非用厚衣服完全裹起来。
While（you
were）walking
the
dog，you
were
careless
and
it
got
loose
and
was
hit
by
a
car.
遛狗的时候，你太大意了，它挣脱了，被车撞了。
The
disease
was
spreading
faster
than（it
was）expected，but
they
took
action
in
time.
疾病比预计的传播得快，但是他们及时采取了措施。
【学法点拨】
惯用省略结构：
if
so
如果是这样的话
if
not
如果不是这样；否则
if
necessary
如果有必要
if
possible
如果可能的话
if
any
如果有的话
if
ever
如果曾经有的话
单句语法填空
(1)
Unless
（invite），I
won’t
go
to
his
party
this
weekend.
(2)
If
（ask）
to
look
after
luggage
for
someone
else，inform
the
police
at
once.
(3)
While
（watch）
TV，I
heard
a
strange
noise.
(4)
They
had
no
fault.
They
did
everything
as
（tell）.
(5)
The
weather
was
worse
than
（expect
）.
同义句转换
(6)Whenever
possible，the
children
should
play
outside
in
the
fresh
air.
→Whenever
，the
children
should
play
outside
in
the
fresh
air.
(7)
His
opinion，whether
it
is
right
or
wrong，should
be
considered.
→
His
opinion，whether
，should
be
considered.
(8)When
completed，the
library
will
be
open
to
the
public
next
year.
→
When
，the
library
will
be
open
to
the
public
next
year.
invited
asked
watching
told
expected
it
is
possible
right
or
wrong
it
is
completed
教材原句
And
if
we
are
feeling
down
or
lonely,
there
is
nothing
better
than
seeing
the
smiling
face
of
a
good
friend.
而且如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
【句式分析】本句使用了“否定词
+
比较级”结构，否定词
nothing
与比较级
better
连用，
表示最高级含义。
2
“否定词
+
比较级”表示最高级含义
（1）基本结构：否定词
+
形容词或副词的比较级（+than）
（2）常用的否定词：no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly
等
（3）意义：再没有比……更……的了，再……不过了
I
have
never
seen
a
more
energetic
man.
我从未见过比他精力更充沛的人。
I
couldn’t
agree
more.
我完全同意。/
我再同意不过了。
Nothing
is
more
precious
than
health.
健康是最宝贵的。
单句语法填空
(1)
No
one
could
be
（generous）；he
has
a
heart
of
gold.
(2)
Mr.
Stevenson
is
great
to
work
for—I
really
couldn’t
ask
for
a
（good）
boss.
(3)
Nothing
is
（pleasant）
than
staying
home
listening
to
music.
(4)
The
weather
couldn’t
be
（bad），so
we
will
not
go
out.
同义句转换
(5)
He
is
the
tallest
student
in
his
class.
→There
is
than
him
in
his
class.
more
generous
better
more
pleasant
worse
no
taller
student(共20张PPT)
UNIT
4
BODY
LANGUAGE
Section
B
Learning
About
Language
核心词汇
教材原句
Smiles
can
be
used
to
hide
feelings
like
anger,
fear,
or
worry.
微笑可以被用来隐藏气愤，恐惧或担心这样的情感。
1
anger
n.
愤怒；怒气
vt.
使生气；激怒
in
anger
生气地
show
anger
显示愤怒；生气
contain
one’s
anger
抑制某人的怒火
hold
back
one’s
anger
抑制某人的怒火
be
filled
with
anger（=be
full
of
anger）充满怒气
to
one’s
anger
使某人生气的是
control
one’s
anger
强压怒火
anger
sb.
激怒某人
He
was
filled
with
anger
at
the
way
he
had
been
treated.
他因遭受如此待遇而满腔怒火。
What
angered
him
most
was
his
son’s
rude
manners.
最让他生气的是他儿子粗鲁的态度。
【词语积累】
angry
adj.
生气的
be
angry
with
生……的气
angrily
adv.
生气地；气愤地
题组练·领悟方法
搭配
单句语法填空
［2018·
北
京
卷］
（angry）seems
simple
when
we
are
feeling
it,
but
the
causes
of
anger
are
various.
(2)
Please
don’t
be
angry me.
It
wasn’t
my
fault.
(3)
The
local
people
acted
（angry）to
the
news
that
the
park
would
be
closed.
完成句子
(4)
The
inappropriate
questions
（激怒了他）.
(5)
I
（生自己的气）for
making
such
a
stupid
mistake.
Anger
句意：当我们感觉到愤怒的时候它似乎很简单，但是愤怒的起因有很多。
with
angrily
angered
with
was
angry
with
myself
教材原句
Which
is
a
more
reliable
guide
for
understanding
someone’s
feelings,
their
body
language
or
the
words
they
speak
?
要理解一个人的情感哪一个是更为可靠的
向导，是肢体语言还是他们说的话？
2
reliable
adj.
可靠的；可信赖的
a
reliable
method
可靠的办法
a
reliable
friend
可信赖的朋友
information
coming
from
a
reliable
source
来源可靠的消息
There
is
no
doubt
that
he
is
a
reliable
person.
毫无疑问，他是一个可信赖的人。
【词语积累】
rely
vi.
依赖；依靠
rely
on
sb.
to
do
sth.
依赖某人做某事
rely
on
it
that...（=
depend
on
it
that...）相信……
I
rely
on
him
because
he
is
reliable.
我依靠他是因为他很可靠。
You
may
rely
on
it
that
she
won’t
change
her
mind.
你可以放心，她不会改变主意的。
单句语法填空
(1)
My
car’s
not
as
（rely）
as
it
used
to
be.
(2)
I
have
been
convinced
that
the
print
media
are
usually
more
accurate
and
_____________
（reliable）than
television.
(3)
［2017·天津卷］
As
long
as
one
doesn’t
come
to
rely
it，wishing
for
a
few
good
things
to
happen
never
hurts
anybody.
完成句子
(4)
We
are
looking
for
someone
who
is
（可靠而又勤奋）.
(5)You
can
（相信）Peter
would
like
to
accept
the
suggestion.
reliable
on
more
reliable
reliable
and
hard-working
rely/depend
on
it
that
教材原句
We
make
assessments
and
inferences
from
body
language.
我们从肢体语言上做出评定和推断。
3
assessment
n.
评价；评定
The
applicants
will
go
through
written
exams
and
other
forms
of
assessment.
申请人需要参加笔试及其他形式的考核。
【词语积累】
assess
vt.
评估；评价
assess
sb./sth.
as
sth.
评定……为……
assess
sth.
at
sth.
对……估价为……
The
committee
assesses
whether
a
building
is
worth
preserving.该委员会评定建筑物是否值得保存。
We
are
trying
to
assess
how
well
the
system
works.
我们正设法评估这个系统运行得怎样。
They
assessed
the
value
of
the
car
at
60,000
pounds.
他们对这辆汽车的估价为
60
000
英镑。
单句语法填空
(1)
It’s
difficult
（assess）the
effects
of
these
changes.
(2)
What
is
your
（assess）of
the
current
international
situation?
(3)
Students
should
（assess）
from
different
aspects.
完成句子
(4)
You
should
（评估形势）before
you
put
forward
a
new
plan.
(5)
We
should
have
（正确的评价）of
historical
figures.
to
assess
assessment
be
assessed
assess
the
situation
a
correct
assessment
教材原句
By
bowing,
we
mean
“bending
our
head
or
body
forward
as
a
sign
of
respect
or
shame”.
通过鞠躬,
我们的意思是
“把头或身体向前弯曲作为一种尊重或羞愧的迹象”。
4
bend
vt.
&
vi.（使）弯曲；倾斜；偏向（bent，bent）
The
trick
is
to
bend
your
knees
as
you
catch
the
ball.
窍门是你接球时要屈膝。
You
have
to
bend
down
to
go
through
the
door.
你得弯腰才能穿过这扇门。
【熟词生义】
（1）bend
还可用作名词，意为“拐弯，弯道”。
The
castle
came
into
sight
as
we
went
round
a
bend
in
the
road.
我们在路上拐了个弯，城堡就映入了眼帘。
（2）bend
the
rules
放宽规则；通融
【图解助记】bend
一词多义：
单句语法填空
(1)
There
are
several
sharp
（bend）in
the
roads.
(2)
He
bent
to
pick
up
the
book.
完成句子
(3)
（要屈膝）when
you
pick
up
something
heavy.
(4)
The
accident
happened
（在拐弯处）.
(5)
You
should
really
pay
today，but
we
can
（通融一下）
just
this
time.
(6)As
a
journalist，he
refused
to
（扭曲事实）.
bends
down
Bend
your
knees
at
the
bend
bend
the
rules
bend
the
truth
教材原句
The
actor
reveals
the
situation
and
messages，and
the
group
compares
notes.
演员揭示情况和信息，小组成员们交换意见。
5
reveal
vt.
揭示；显示；露出
The
report
reveals（that）
the
company
made
a
loss
of
￡20
million
last
year.
报告显示，公司去年亏损
2,000
万英镑。
It
was
revealed
that
important
evidence
had
been
hidden.
据透露，重要的证据被隐瞒了。
The
police
could
not
reveal
how
he
died.
警察们不能透露他的死因。
【词语积累】
revealing
adj.
发人深省的；揭露性的；暴露的
单句语法填空
(1)
Details
of
the
murder
（reveal）by
the
local
paper.
(2)
Some
of
her
comments
during
the
interview
were
（reveal）.
完成句子
(3)
It
is
normal
practice
not
to
（透露细节）of
a
patient’s
condition.
were
revealed
revealing
reveal
details
教材原句
Use
the
table
below
to
clarify
any
misunderstandings
or
different
answers.
用下面的表格来澄清任何的误解或不同的答案。
6
clarify
vt.
使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清
clarify
one’s
position
阐明某人的立场
clarify
a
situation/problem
澄清情况
/
问题
She
asked
him
to
clarify
what
he
meant.
她要他说清楚他是什么意思。
【学法点拨】
后缀
-ify
表示“使得，使……变成”：
clear
—
clarify simple
—
simplify pure
—
purify
单句语法填空
(1)
It
is
important
to
clarify the
change
in
the
law
will
mean.
(2)
She
（simple）the
instructions
so
that
the
children
could
understand
them.
完成句子
(3)
The
reporter
asked
the
minister
to
（阐明他的立场）on
welfare
reform.
what
simplified
clarify
his
situation
教材原句
In
other
words
...
换句话说……；也就是说……
7
in
other
words
换句话说；也就是说
He
has
achieved
his
aim.
In
other
words，his
ambition
has
come
true.
他已经实现了他的目标。也就是说，他的梦想实现了。
The
tax
only
affects
people
on
incomes
of
over
＄200,000
—
in
other
words，the
very
rich.
这项税只影响收入在
20
万美元以上的人，也就是说非常有钱的人。
【学法点拨】
近义词（组）：namely；that
is
to
say
【归纳拓展】
in
a
word
总之，简言之
in
words
用语言
have
a
word
with
与……谈话
have
words
with
与……吵架
keep
one’s
word
遵守诺言
break
one’s
word
失信；不守诺言
同义句转换
(1)They
asked
him
to
leave；that
was
to
say，he
was
fired.
→
They
asked
him
to
leave；
，he
was
fired.
完成句子
(2)
They
are
not
common
friends；
（换句话说），they
have
special
relation.
(3)
（总之），we
must
try
our
best
to
do
the
job.
in
other
words
in
other
words
In
a
word
单元语法
动词
-ing
形式作宾语和表语
1
动词
-ing
形式作宾语
（1）作动词的宾语
Would
you
mind
opening
the
window?
你介意打开窗户吗？
He
tried
to
avoid
answering
my
questions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。
I
suggest
going
swimming
now.
我建议现在就去游泳。
【学法点拨】
常接动词
-ing
形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：
避免
错过少延期（avoid，miss，postpone）
建议
完成多练习（advise，finish，practise）
喜欢
想象
禁不住（enjoy，imagine，can’t
help）
承认
否定与嫉妒（admit，deny，envy）
逃避
冒险莫原谅（escape，risk，excuse）
忍受
保持
不介意（stand，keep，mind）
（2）作介词的宾语
在下面的短语中，常用动词
-ing
形式作介词的宾语：insist
on，object
to，be
good
at，
be
fond
of，lead
to，put
off，give
up，look
forward
to，feel
like，devote
to，get
used
to，
pay
attention
to
等。
He
insisted
on
doing
it
in
his
own
way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
（3）在有些动词的后面，如
start，begin，continue
等既可接动词
-ing形式也可接不定式
作宾语，两者意义区别不大。
They
continued
working/to
work
as
if
nothing
had
happened.
他们继续工作，似乎什么也没发生过。
（4）有些动词或动词短语后跟动词
-ing
形式或不定式都可以，但意思不同。接不定式
一般表示动作尚未发生，而接动名词则表示动作已经发生。
remember/forget
to
do...记着/忘记要做……
remember/forget
doing...记着/忘记做过……
regret
to
do...
遗憾要做……
regret
doing...
后悔做了……
mean
to
do...
打算做……
mean
doing...
意味着做……
try
to
do...
努力
/
试图做……
try
doing...
试着做……
stop
to
do...
停下来去做（另一件事）
stop
doing...
停止做……
（5）用
it
作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词
-ing
形式
think
consider
主语
+
find
+
it
+
+
doing...
feel
believe
（6）介词
in
常可省略的几类句型
trouble/difficulty
①
主语
+
have
a
problem
a
good/hard
time
②
主语
+spend
time（+in）+doing...
③
主语
+be
busy（+in）+doing...
（7）主动形式表被动意义
need，require，want
作“需要”讲时，接动词
-ing
形式作宾语，相当于不定式的被动形式。
need
主语
+
require
+
want
can’t
help
to
do...
不能帮着做……
can’t
help
doing...
禁不住做……
no
use
no
good
...
（+in）+doing...
doing
to
be
done
主语需要被……
单句语法填空
(1)
He
narrowly
escaped
（run）
over
by
a
car.
(2)
Having
been
criticized
by
the
teacher，Li
Ming
gave
up
（smoke）.
(3)
I
suggest
your
（do）it
in
a
different
way.
(4)
I
object
to
（carry）out
the
plan.
(5)
Can
you
imagine
（live）alone
on
a
lonely
island
for
a
month?
(6)
Young
people
may
risk
（go）deaf
if
they
are
exposed
to
very
loud
music
every
day.
(7)
Helen
had
to
shout
to
make
herself
（hear）above
the
sound
of
the
music.
(8)
Lydia
doesn’t
feel
like
（study）abroad.
Her
parents
are
old.
(9)
The
bird
was
so
lucky
that
it
just
missed
（catch）.
(10)
I
will
go
on
a
trip
to
Sichuan，where
there
are
a
great
number
of
places
of
interest.
I
have
been
looking
forward
to
（go）there
for
nearly
a
year.
being
run
doing
smoking
carrying
living
going
heard
studying
being
caught
going
(11)
In
his
childhood，he
was
fond
of
（get）close
to
nature.
(12)
It’s
quite
hot
today.
Do
you
feel
like
（go）for
a
swim?
(13)
I
remembered
（lock）
the
door
before
I
left
the
office，but
forgot
（turn）off
the
lights.
(14)
One
learns
a
language
by
making
mistakes
and
（correct）
them.
完成句子
(15)
I
enjoy
（和我父母聊天）.
(16)
The
light
in
the
office
is
off，but
she
forgets
（已关了灯）.
(17)
They
stopped
（看了看）the
fantastic
scenery.
(18)
The
specialist
spent
much
time
（观察星星）.
(19)__________________________________（覆水难收）.
getting
going
locking
to
turn
correcting
chatting
with
my
parents
to
have
a
look
at
turning
it
off
observing
the
stars
It’s
no
use
crying
over
spilt
milk
2
动词
-ing
形式作表语
（1）动名词（短语）作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常
是同一概念，表语和主语常可互换位置。
My
favourite
sport
is
swimming.(=Swimming
is
my
favourite
sport.)我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
（2）现在分词（短语）作表语，表示主语的某种性质和特征，这类分词通常可以看作形容词。
The
news
is
quite
shocking.
这消息很令人震惊。
【学法点拨】
作表语的动词
-ing
形式，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。
常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，
puzzling，amusing，astonishing等。这类词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。
（3）区别
动名词（短语）作表语
表抽象的一般性的动作
动词不定式（短语）作表语
表一次具体的动作或将要发生的事
单句语法填空
(1)
Climbing
mountains
was
，so
we
all
felt
.（tire）
(2)
It
was
a
really
（terrify）
experience.
Afterwards，everybody
was
very
__________（shock）.
(3)
You
may
find
it
（astonish）that
Charlie
Chaplin
was
taught
to
sing
as
soon
as
he
could
speak
and
dance
as
soon
as
he
could
walk.
(4)
For
those
with
family
members
far
away，the
personal
computer
and
the
phone
are
important
in
staying
（connect）.
(5)
The
news
was
（shock），and
there
was
a
（frighten）look
on
her
face.
tiring
tired
terrifying
shocked
astonishing
connected
shocking
frightened(共35张PPT)
UNIT
4
BODY
LANGUAGE
Section
C
Using
Language
&
Assessing
Your
Progress
核心词汇
教材原句
People
have
a
tendency
to
lean
towards
whatever
they
are
interested
in.
人们往往倾向于自己感兴趣的东西。
1
tendency
n.
趋势；倾向
have
a
tendency
to
do
sth.
倾向于做某事
a
tendency
to/towards...
……的倾向
/
趋势
Nowadays
many
people
have
a
tendency
to
give
up
smoking
due
to
its
bad
effects.
由于吸烟有不良影响，现如今许多人倾向于戒烟。
There
is
a
tendency
for
unemployment
to
rise
in
summer.
夏季的失业率有上升的趋势。
a
general
tendency
towards
conservation
and
recycling
节约和回收利用的普遍趋势
【词语积累】
tend
v.
倾向；易于
tend
to
do
sth.
易于做某事，往往会发生某事
tend
towards...
有……的趋势，倾向于……
Women
tend
to
live
longer
than
men.
女人往往比男人长寿。
His
views
tend
towards
the
extreme.
他的观点趋于偏激。
题组练·领悟方法
搭配
单句语法填空
(1)
I
have
a
tendency
（talk）too
much
when
I’m
nervous.
(2)
There
is
a
growing
（tend）among
employers
to
hire
casual
staff.
同义句转换
(3)
I
tend
to
make
mistakes
when
I
am
angry.
→
I
to
make
mistakes
when
I
am
angry.
完成句子
(4)
There
is
（日益增长的趋势）for
people
to
work
at
home
instead
of
in
offices.
to
talk
tendency
have
a
tendency
a
growing
tendency
教材原句
So
if
a
student
has
his
head
lowered
to
look
at
his
watch,
it
implies
he
is
bored
and
just
counting
the
minutes
for
the
class
to
end
.
因此，如果一个学生低下头看表，
这意味着他很无聊，只是在数着分钟等下课。
2
lower
vt.
&
adj.
（1）vt.
把……放低；降低；减少
She
lowered
her
newspaper
and
looked
around.
她放低报纸，往四下看了看。
It
turns
out
that
just
looking
at
green，growing
things
can
reduce
stress，lower
blood
pressure，
and
put
people
into
a
better
mood.
结果证明仅仅是看看绿色的、生长的东西就能减少压力，降低血压，让人心情变好。
（2）adj.
下面的；下方的；较小的
Nina
chewed
her
lower
lip
anxiously.
妮娜焦虑不安地咬着下唇。
【学法点拨】
lower
可以作动词和形容词，同时也可作
low
的比较级。
Temperatures
will
be
lower
over
the
weekend.
周末气温会下降。
单句语法填空
(1)
It
is
predicted
that
prices
will
be
（low）than
usual
this
year.
完成句子
(2)
I
have
a
tight
budget
for
the
trip，so
I’m
not
going
to
fly
unless
the
airlines
_______________ （降低票价）.
(3)
Many
studies
have
shown
that
the
company
of
pets
can
help
（降低
血压）.
(4)
He
belongs
to
the
（中下层阶级）.
(5)
Helen
（降低了声音）
as
they
approached.
(6)
When
he
heard
the
news，
（他的下唇）was
trembling.
lower
lower
blood
pressure
lower
ticket
prices
middle
lower
class
lowered
her
voice
his
lower
lip
教材原句
With
their
chins
on
their
hands,
they
occupy
themselves
by
staring
out
of
the
window
or
up
at
the
ceiling
.
他们两手托着下巴，忙着盯窗外或天花板。
3
occupy
vt.
占据；占用
occupy
oneself
with（=
be
occupied
with）忙于
occupy
oneself（in）
doing［=
be
occupied（in）
doing］忙于
Later
I
went
to
a
café
to
have
lunch，but
all
the
tables
were
occupied.
随后我来到一家咖啡屋吃午餐，但桌子全都有人了。
He
occupied
himself
with
various
social
activities.=
He
was
occupied
with
various
social
activities.
他使自己忙于各种社会活动。
【词语积累】
occupied
adj.
被占用的；忙的
occupation
n.
工作；职业；居住；占用
Please
state
your
name，age
and
occupation
below.
请在下面写明姓名、年龄和职业。
搭配
单句语法填空
(1)
She
is
occupied
（write）a
novel.
(2)
For
all
these
years
Tom
has
been
occupied volunteer
activities.
(3)
I
can’t
meet
you
on
Sunday.
I’ll
be
otherwise
（occupy）.
(4)
In
many
of
the
caves
there
is
evidence
of
human
（occupy）.
同义句转换
(5)
I
have
been
so
busy
with
work
that
I
haven’t
had
time
for
social
activities.
→
I
have
been
so
work
that
I
haven’t
had
time
for
social
activities.
(6)
The
bed
seems
to
occupy
most
of
the
room.
→The
bed
seems
to
most
of
the
room.
writing
with
occupied
occupation
occupied
with
take
up
4
stare
vi.
盯着看；凝视
n.
凝视
搭配：stare
at
凝视，盯着看
A
group
of
people
sitting
in
the
hall
stopped
talking
and
stared
at
us.
一群坐在大厅里的人停止说话，盯着我们。
［2018·天津卷］
Hearing
the
news，he
stared
at
me
in
disbelief.
听到这个消息他不相信地盯着我。
I
stared
at
the
door
and
wondered
why
she
didn’t
turn
up.
我盯着门看，想知道她为什么没有出现。
【归纳拓展】
stare
at
盯着看
gaze
at
凝视
glare
at
怒视
各种“看”.
glance
at
瞥一眼
look
at
看
fix
one’s
eyes
on
盯着看
单句语法填空
(1)
There
is
no
greater
pleasure
than
lying
on
my
back
in
the
middle
of
the
grassland，
________
（stare）at
the
night
sky.
(2)
Stop
（stare）
out
of
the
window
and
do
some
work.
(3)
She
ignored
the
（stare）of
everyone
around
her
and
left
without
saying
anything.
完成句子
(4)
He
（盯着试卷）blankly，not
knowing
what
to
write.
(5)
Everyone
（
盯着她看）because
she
dressed
so
strangely.
staring
staring
stared
at
her
stared
at
the
exam
paper
stares
教材原句
While
it
is
easy
to
perceive
when
students
are
interested,
bored,
or
distracted,
it
is
sometimes
much
harder
to
distinguish
when
students
are
troubled.
尽管学生们何时感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要分辨出
学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。
5
distinguish
vi.
&
vt.
区分；辨别
distinguish（between）
A
and
B 区别
/
辨别
A
和
B
distinguish
A
from
B 使
A
有别于
B
distinguish
oneself
by...
靠……使自己有名气
We
should
distinguish
between
right
and
wrong.
我们应辨别是非。
This
task
interdependence
distinguishes
baseball
from
football
and
basketball.
这种任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。
［2019·北京卷］
She
distinguished
herself
by
her
coolness
and
bravery.
她因头脑冷静敢作敢为而为人称道。
【词语积累】
distinguished
adj.
卓越的，显著的，杰出的
be
distinguished
for...（=
be
famous
for...）因……而出名
搭配：
单句语法填空
(1)
They
can
even
distinguish
their
mother’s
voice
that
of
a
female
stranger.
(2)
He
could
not
distinguish
between
cotton
wool.
(3)
As
is
known
to
us，Mo
Yan
is
a
（distinguish）novelist.
同义句转换
(4)
He
distinguished
himself
by
winning
four
prizes.
→
He
winning
four
prizes.
完成句子
(5)
Speech
human
beings
（使……有别于……）animals.
(6)
The
twins
are
so
alike
that
it’s
difficult
to
（分辨一个和
另一个）.
from
and
distinguished
was
distinguished
for
distinguishes
from
distinguish
one
from
the
other
教材原句
They
may
also
hide
their
faces
in
their
hands
like
they
are
embarrassed
or
ashamed
.
他们也会用手捂住脸好像很尴尬或羞愧。
6
embarrassed
adj.
难堪的；尴尬的
She
was
embarrassed
about
that
stupid
mistake.
她为犯那种愚蠢的错误而难为情。
【词语积累】
embarrass
vt.
使难堪；使尴尬
embarrassing
adj.
令人尴尬的；令人难堪的
embarrassment
n.
尴尬
to
one’s
embarrassment
令人尴尬的是
Don’t
ask
others
questions
that
may
embarrass
them.
不要问可能会让他人尴尬的问题。
It
can
be
embarrassing
for
children
to
tell
complete
strangers
about
such
incidents.
让孩子们向素不相识的人讲述这样的事情可能是难为了他们。
To
his
embarrassment，he
couldn’t
answer
the
simple
question.
让他感到尴尬的是，那么简单的问题他都答不上来。
用
embarrass
的适当形式完成句子
(1)
Her
questions
about
my
private
life
me.
(2)
She
was
about
her
weight
and
decided
to
lose
it.
(3)
It
was
so
having
to
sing
in
public.
(4)
He
could
not
hide
his
at
his
children’s
rudeness.
(5)
Are
you
trying
me
by
saying
that?
(6)
The
look
on
his
face
suggested
he
was
in
an
situation.
embarrassed
embarrassed
embarrassing
embarrassment
to
embarrass
embarrassed
embarrassing
7
ashamed
adj.
羞愧；惭愧
be
ashamed
of
为……感到惭愧
/
羞耻
be
ashamed
to
do
sth.
耻于做某事；因难为情而不愿做某事
John
felt
ashamed
after
he
was
teased
by
some
kids.
在被一些孩子取笑后，约翰感到羞愧。
She
was
deeply
ashamed
of
her
behaviour
at
the
party.
她对自己在聚会上的行为深感羞愧。
As
a
boy，I
am
ashamed
to
say
that
I
have
a
preference
for
pink.
作为一个男孩，我不好意思说我偏爱粉色。
【词语辨析】ashamed
与
shameful
易混词
辨 析
例 句
ashamed
“感到羞耻的”，用来修饰人，
多作表语
shameful
“可耻的，丢脸的”，用来指
事物或行为，多作定语
搭配
The
boy
is
ashamed
of
his
shameful
behaviour.
那个男孩为自己的可耻行为感到羞愧。
完成句子
(1)
I
think
you
should
（为……感到惭愧）your
rudeness.
(2)
I
（不好意思承认）that
I’ve
never
read
any
of
his
books.
辨析填空：ashamed/shameful
(3)The
boy
was
to
tell
his
mother
that
he
had
failed.
(4)
You
should
be
of
your
behaviour
at
the
opening
ceremony.
be
ashamed
of
am
ashamed
to
admit
ashamed
ashamed
shameful
教材原句
Some
students
act
this
way
merely
because
they
are
afraid
of
being
called
on
by
the
teacher.
有些学生这样做仅仅是因为他们害怕被老师叫到。
8
call
on
（短暂地）访问；要求（某人讲话等）；正式邀请；号召
Why
don’t
you
call
on
my
sister
while
you
are
in
Brighton?
你在布莱顿时为何不顺便探望一下我姐姐呢？
I
now
call
on/upon
the
chairman
to
address
the
meeting.
现在请主席向大会致辞。
They
call
on
people
and
the
government
to
take
measures
to
fight
against
pollution.
他们号召人们和政府采取措施来对抗污染。
【词语积累】
call
for
需要
call
at
拜访某地
call
up
打电话；使想起
call
back
回电话
call
off
取消
call
in
召集；召来
辨析填空：call
up/call
on/call
for/call
off
(1)
The
smell
of
the
sea
memories
of
her
childhood.
(2)
There
is
no
rush
now；the
game
has
been
.
(3)
Being
a
teacher
a
lot
of
patience
and
affection.
(4)
I’m
going
to
one
of
my
former
classmates
this
weekend.
(5)
He
the
workers
to
fight
for
their
rights.
完成句子
(6)
Please
give
him
a
message
that
I
won’t
（拜访他）tomorrow.
called
up
called
off
calls
for
call
on
called
on
call
on
him
教材原句
However,
if
a
student
does
not
bother
to
brush
her
hair
and
her
eyes
are
red
from
weeping,
then
I
can
infer
that
there
are
deeper
issues
at
work.
但是，要是学生都懒得
梳头，并且两眼因哭泣而发红，那么我能够推断有更深层次的问题在影响着她。
9
bother
vi.
&
vt.
费心；麻烦；因……操心
n.
麻烦；不便
bother
sb.
with
sth.
为某事打扰或麻烦某人
bother
about/with
sth.
为某事烦恼
bother
to
do
sth.
费心做某事
It
bothers
sb.
to
do
sth./that...
使某人苦恼的是……
I
don’t
want
to
bother
you
with
my
hardship.
我不想让你因为我的苦难而担心。
It’s
not
worth
bothering
with
an
umbrella—the
minibus
is
just
outside.
不必打伞——小型公共汽车就在外面。
Why
bother
to
go
to
Italy
and
Denmark，when
there
are
so
many
nice
places
here?
这里有这么多好地方，为什么还要费劲去意大利和丹麦呢？
Does
it
bother
you
that
she
differs
with
you
on
that?在那点上她与你意见不一致，你感到苦恼吗？
I
should
have
phoned
the
bakery
first
and
saved
myself
the
bother
of
going
there.
我应该事先给面包房打个电话，这样就省得白跑一趟了。
搭配
单句语法填空
(1)
Around
two
o’clock
every
night，Sue
will
start
talking
in
her
dream.
It
somewhat___________
（bother）
us.
(2)
—
You’re
lucky
that
she’s
so
thoughtful
and
devoted
to
you.
—
In
fact，I
don’t
want
to
bother
her
my
problems
all
the
time.
完成句子
(3)
He
didn’t
even
（费心让我知道）
he
was
coming.
(4)
I
don’t
want
to
（因为……而麻烦她）
my
children
at
the
moment.
(5)
Lots
of
people
（费心思去国外）
these
days.
(6)—I’m
afraid
you
have
the
wrong
number.
—
Sorry!
I
hope
（我没有打扰到你）.
bothers
with
bother
to
let
me
know
bother
to
go
abroad
bother
her
with
I
didn’t
bother
you
教材原句
It
could
be
that
she
is
having
serious
conflicts
with
other
students
or
at
home.
可能是她正和其他学生或家里人有很严重的矛盾。
10
conflict
n.
&
vi.
矛盾；冲突；抵触
come
into
conflict
with
与……冲突；与……战斗
in
conflict
with
与……冲突，与……矛盾
搭配
A
conflicts
with
B
=
A
and
B
conflict A
和
B
相冲突
a
conflict
of
interest
利益冲突
armed
conflicts
武装冲突
Mary
often
comes
into
conflict
with
her
boss.
玛丽经常和她的老板发生争执。
If
so，your
points
of
view
are
bound
to
be
in
conflict
with
his.
如果这样的话，你的观点一定会和他的相冲突。
My
interest
doesn’t
conflict
with
yours.
我的利益与你们的并不冲突。
【词语积累】
conflicting
adj.
矛盾的
单句语法填空
(1)
My
husband
and
I
hold
（conflict）opinions
on
the
matter.
(2)
The
UN
plays
an
important
role
in
dealing
with
some
urgent
problems，such
as
armed
（conflict）
and
wars
in
the
world.
完成句子
(3)
These
results
（相矛盾）earlier
findings.
(4)
She
often
（与……发生冲突）
her
mother-in-law.
(5)
She
found
herself
（与……矛盾）
her
parents
over
her
future
career.
(6)
We
must
prevent
（……之间的冲突）
the
two
nations.
conflicting
conflict
with
conflicts
comes
into
conflict
with
in
conflict
with
the
conflict
between
教材原句
Their
body
language
lets
me
know
when
to
adjust
class
activities
...
他们的肢体语言告诉我什么时候调整课堂活动……
11
adjust
vt.
调整；调节
vi.
&
vt.
适应；（使）习惯
adjust...
to...
根据……调节……
搭配
adjust
to（doing）
sth.
适应于；习惯于
adjust
oneself
to
sth.
使自己适应于某物
For
example，the
moment
you
get
on
the
airplane，start
adjusting
your
biological
clock
to
the
destination’s
time.
举例来说，当你登上飞机后，你要按照目的地的时间调节生物钟。
Adjust
your
language
to
the
age
of
your
audience.
要根据听众的年龄调整你的语言。
In
the
new
term，most
students
adjusted
themselves
to
their
new
teachers
very
quickly.
在新学期，大多数学生很快就适应了他们的新老师。
【词语积累】
adjustable
adj.
可调节的
adjustment
n.
调整，调节
make
adjustments
to
对……作出调整
单句语法填空
(1)
You
can
adjust
the
seat
the
height
of
the
child.
(2)
He
had
to
make
a
few
（adjust）to
his
original
plan.
(3)
The
height
of
these
seats
is
（adjust）.
(4)
（adjust）to
a
new
environment
is
more
difficult
than
we
expected.
完成句子
(5)
［2018·
江
苏
卷］
They
should
either
monitor
their
websites
better
so
that
children
do
not
sign
up
too
early，or
they
should
（根据……调整他们的网站）
the
needs
of
younger
users.
(6)
_____________________________________________________（他已经适应了国外学校的
生活）.
to
adjustments
adjustable
Adjusting
adjust
their
websites
to
He
has
adjusted
himself
to
the
school
life
abroad
教材原句
Reacting
to
body
language
is
an
important
component
of
being
a
teacher.
对肢体语言做出回应是做一个老师必不可少的环节。
12
react
vi.（对……）起反应；回应；（对食物等）有不良反应
react
to
对……做出反应
react
with
与……发生化学反应
People
can
react
badly
to
certain
food.
人们对某些食物可能会严重过敏。
When
you
share
a
story
with
your
friends，you
care
a
lot
more
how
they
react.
当你和朋友分享一个故事时，你很在意他们对这个故事的反应。
【词语积累】
reaction
n.
反应
Moreover，I
can
find
out
whether
my
reactions
to
an
event
are
reasonable
enough
by
reading
about
those
of
others
on
the
Internet.
而且我发现通过在网上阅读别人的反应，我能明白我对一件事情的反应是否足够合理。
搭配
单句语法填空
(1)
What
was
the
（react）of
the
public
to
Mrs.
Robinson’s
decision?
(2)
How
did
he
react
the
news?
(3)
They
reacted
（angry）to
the
news.
(4)
If
I
find
anyone
who
looks
like
the
suspect，my
immediate
（react）will
be
to
tell
the
police.
(5)
I
have
no
idea
he
is
going
to
react.
完成句子
(6)
Hearing
how
others
（对……作出反应）the
book
you
have
just
read
creates
added
pleasure.
(7)
（他父母对……的反应）the
news
was
surprisingly
calm.
reaction
to
angrily
reaction
how
react
to
His
parents’
reaction
to
重点句式
教材原句
People
have
a
tendency
to
lean
towards
whatever
they
are
interested
in.
人们往往倾向于自己感兴趣的东西。
Whatever
it
is,
I
know
I
need
to
inquire
and
assess
what
is
going
on
.
不管是什么，我知道我需要调查和评估所发生的事情。
【句式分析】
在第一个句子中，“whatever
they
are
interested
in”是
whatever
引导的宾语从句，whatever
相当于
anything
that；在第二个句子中，“Whatever
it
is”是
whatever
引导的让步状语从句，whatever
相当于
no
matter
what。
1
whatever
引导名词性从句和让步状语从句
Tell
me
whatever/anything
that
you
know
about
him.
把你知道的关于他的事情都告诉我。
I
agree
with
whatever/anything
that
he
says.
他说什么我都同意。
Whatever/No
matter
what
you
do，I
will
be
for
you.
不管你做什么，我都会支持你。
Whatever/No
matter
what
happens，you
should
stay
calm.
无论发生什么，你应该保持镇静。
【归纳拓展】
（1）与
whatever
具有类似用法的还有：
whoever
=
anyone
who/those
who（名词性从句）
whoever
=
no
matter
who（让步状语从句）
whichever
=
the
one
that（名词性从句）
whichever
=
no
matter
which（让步状语从句）
The
gold
medal
will
be
awarded
to
whoever/anyone
who
wins
the
first
place
in
the
bicycle
race.
谁在自行车比赛中夺得第一名金牌就归谁。
［2018·天津卷］
Choose
whichever/the
one
that
you
like
best.
选你最喜欢的那个。
Whichever/No
matter
which
they
choose，we
must
accept
their
decision.
无论他们如何选择，我们都必须接受他们的决定。
（2）no
matter
when/where/how
=
whenever/wherever/however，引导让步状语从句。
同义句转换
(1)
Tom’s
dad
told
him
he
could
have
whatever
he
wanted
for
his
birthday.
→Tom’s
dad
told
him
he
could
have
he
wanted
for
his
birthday.
(2)
Whatever
decision
he
made，I
would
support
it.
→
decision
he
made，I
would
support
it.
(3)
Whoever
breaks
the
law
will
be
punished.
→
breaks
the
law
will
be
punished.
(4)
Whoever
knocks，don’t
open
the
door.
→
knocks，don’t
open
the
door.
完成句子
(5)
（无论多么难）the
problem
is，we
must
work
it
out.
anything
that
No
matter
what
Anyone
who
No
matter
who
However
difficult/No
matter
how
difficult
辨析填空：however/whoever/whichever/whenever/whatever
(6)
one
of
you
breaks
the
window
will
have
to
pay
for
it.
(7)
I
have
to
give
a
speech，I
get
extremely
nervous
before
I
start.
(8)
hard
you
try，it
is
difficult
to
lose
weight
without
cutting
down
the
amount
you
eat.
(9)To
show
our
respect，we
usually
have
to
take
our
gloves（手套）
off
we
are
to
shake
hands
with.
(10)
you
do，I’ll
stand
on
your
side.
Whichever
However
Whenever
Whatever
whoever
教材原句
Of
course,
not
everyone
who
looks
up
is
paying
attention
in
class.
当然，不是每个抬头的人都专注于课堂。
【句式分析】本句中，not
和
everyone
连用表示部分否定意义，意为“不是……都”。
2
部分否定
表示全体意义的词（如
all，both，every，everything，everybody，everyone，always
等）与
否定副词
not
连用时，表示部分否定，意为“并非都……，并不总是……”。
All
the
people
didn’t
arrive
on
schedule.=
Not
all
the
people
arrived
on
schedule.
并非所有的人都按时到达。
Both
of
them
are
not
reliable.=Not
both
of
them
are
reliable.他们两个人并非都可靠。
Actually,
everyone
isn’t
fond
of
living
in
big
cities.=
Actually,
not
everyone
is
fond
of
living
in
big
cities.
事实上，并非每个人都喜欢住在大城市。
【学法点拨】
全部否定表达法：表示全部否定意义的词（none，neither，nothing，nobody，never
等）与
肯定形式的谓语动词连用。
None
of
us
could
persuade
him
into
giving
up
smoking.
我们当中没有人能说服他戒烟。
Nobody
can
recognize
you
in
the
crowd.
没有人能在人群中认出你。
同义句转换
(1)
All
students
don’t
like
the
film.
→ like
the
film.
选出意义表达不同的句子
(2)
______
A.
Both
of
us
don’t
like
the
film.
B.
One
of
us
likes
the
film.
C.
One
of
us
doesn’t
like
the
film.
D.
Neither
of
us
like
the
film.
翻译句子
(3)
All
that
glitters（闪光）
is
not
gold.
________________________
(4)
Not
everything
goes
well.
________________________
(5)
Everyone
isn’t
fond
of
cycling
to
work.
________________________
完成句子
(6)
（并非所有毕业生都能）find
a
proper
job
after
graduation.
(7)
Niki
is
always
full
of
ideas,
but
（没有一个有用）to
my
knowledge.
Not
all
students
D
发光的未必都是金子。
并非每件事都很顺利。
并非每个人都喜欢骑自行车上班。
Not
all
graduates
can/All
graduates
can
not
none
is
useful
教材原句
It
is
as
though
they
are
asleep
with
their
eyes
open.
他们好像睁着眼睛在睡觉。
【句式分析】本句中，with
their
eyes
open
属于
with
复合结构。
3
with
复合结构
（1）with
复合结构由“with+
宾语
+
宾补”构成。
（2）用作宾补的常有形容词、副词、名词、介词短语和非谓语动词。
She
likes
to
sleep
with
the
windows
open.
她喜欢开着窗户睡觉。（形容词作宾补）
He
left
the
classroom
with
the
lights
on.
他离开教室了，灯却亮着。（副词作宾补）
He
died
with
his
daughter
a
schoolgirl.
他去世时，女儿还是个学生。（名词作宾补）
Don’t
stand
with
your
hands
in
your
pockets.
站着的时候别把双手插在口袋里。（介词短语作宾补）
With
everything
done，we
went
home.
把所有的事做完以后我们就回家了。（过去分词作宾补）
He
lay
on
the
grass，with
his
eyes
looking
to
the
sky.
他躺在草地上，眼睛看着天空。（现在分词作宾补）
With
so
much
homework
to
do,
he
had
to
stay
at
home.有许多的作业要做,
他不得不留在家里。（不定式作宾补）
【学法点拨】
(1)
现在分词作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行，和宾语之间是主动关系。
(2)
过去分词作宾语补足语表示动作已经完成，和宾语之间是被动关系。
(3)
动词不定式作宾语补足语表示动作暂时没有发生，有将来的含义。
单句语法填空
(1)
With
so
many
people
（look）at
her，she
felt
nervous.
(2)
With
everything
（do），he
slept
the
whole
afternoon.
(3)
The
old
couple
often
take
a
walk
after
supper
in
the
park
with
their
pet
dog
（follow）
them.
(4)
John
received
an
invitation
to
dinner，and
with
his
work
（finish），he
gladly
accepted
it.
(5)
I
couldn’t
put
my
heart
into
my
lessons
with
all
that
noise
（go）on
outside.
(6)
You
have
no
idea
how
she
finished
the
race
with
her
foot
（wound）so
much.
同义句转换
(7)
Because
our
lessons
were
over，we
went
to
play
football.
→
，we
went
to
play
football.
(8)
As
time
goes
on，computers
become
smaller
and
smaller.
→
，computers
become
smaller
and
smaller.
looking
With
time
going
on
following
finished
going
wounded
With
our
lessons
over
done
教材原句
Students
who
are
angry,
afraid,
or
experiencing
anxiety
may
have
their
arms
crossed
in
front
of
their
chests
and
their
legs
closed
or
crossed
，
like
they
are
guarding
their
bodies
.
生气、害怕或者焦虑的学生会双臂交叉抱在胸前，他们的腿并拢或交叉，
就像他们在保护自己的身体。
【句式分析】句中的“have
their
arms
crossed”以及“（have）their
legs
closed
or
crossed”均
使用了“have
sth.
done”结构。
4
have
sth.
done
“have
sth.
done”结构主要表示以下含义：
(1)
使某事被做（强调被动意义，以上句子就是此种含义）；
(2)
请别人做某事；
(3)
主语遭遇到某种不幸的事。
He
managed
to
have
the
work
finished
yesterday.
他昨天努力把这项工作做完了。
With
the
new
year
approaching，you
should
have
your
hair
cut.
新年快到了，你应该理发了。
My
uncle
was
depressed
because
he
had
his
car
stolen.
我叔叔很难过，因为他的车被偷了。
【归纳拓展】
have
sb.
do
sth.
让某人做某事
have
sth.
to
do
有某事需要做
can’t/won’t
have
sb.
doing
sth.
不能容忍某人做某事
单句语法填空
(1)
He
had
his
car
（repair）
yesterday.
(2)
She
will
have
a
busy
weekend.
She
has
a
lot
of
housework
（do）.
(3)
—Excuse
me，where
is
Room
301?
—
Just
a
minute.
I’ll
have
Bob
（show）you
to
your
room.
(4)
—Did
Peter
fix
the
computer
himself?
—
He
had
it
（fix），because
he
doesn’t
know
much
about
computers.
(5)
Claire
had
her
luggage
（check）an
hour
before
her
plane
left.
(6)
He
asked
the
teacher
how
he
could
have
his
English
（improve）.
(7)
He
felt
rather
desperate
because
he
had
no
one
（help）him.
翻译句子
(8)
He
had
his
camera
repaired
yesterday.__________________________
(9)
He
repaired
his
camera
yesterday.
___________________________
repaired
to
do
show
fixed
checked
improved
to
help
他昨天让人修了照相机。
他昨天修了照相机。
