2021届高考英语二轮复习语法突破学案：第2讲从“主语”角度释解名词、冠词 Word版含答案

第二讲　从“主语”角度释解名词、冠词
编者按：主语是句子所叙述的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是谁或什么。主语通常由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等充当。本讲主要讲名词及其附属词冠词，其他形式放到后面讲解。
第1课时　名　词
[真题集训——明考点]
语法填空常考点
1.【2020·新课标III卷·语法填空】Filled
with
64
(curious),
the
artist
packed
his
bags
and
left.
2.【2020·新课标I卷·语法填空】The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
of
particular
64
(interesting)
to
scientists
because
it
has
a
lot
of
deep
craters
(环形山),
more
so
65
the
familiar
near
side.
3.
【2020·新课标II卷·语法填空】
Chinese
New
Year
is
a
61
(celebrate)
marking
the
end
of
the
winter
season
and
the
beginning
of
spring.
1．(2019·北京高考)No
matter
what
you
like
to
do,
there
is
a
way
to
get
involved
in
various
____________
(activity)
on
Earth
Day.
2．(2019·浙江6月高考)Other
American
studies
showed
no
____________
(connect)
between
uniforms
and
school
performance.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014
that
showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
a
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
____________
(cause)．
4．(2018·浙江6月高考)Making
Chinese
____________
(dish)
is
seen
as
especially
troublesome.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This
trend,
which
was
started
by
the
medical
community
(医学界)
as
a
method
of
fighting
heart
disease,
has
had
some
unintended
side
____________
(effect)
such
as
overweight
and
heart
disease
—
the
very
thing
the
medical
community
was
trying
to
fight.
二、短文改错常考点
【2020·新课标I卷·短文改错】Next
I
broke
the
eggs
into
a
bowl
and
beat
them
quickly
with
chopstick.
【2020·新课标II卷·短文改错】Luckily,
I
will
go
home
in
two
weeks
for
summer
vacations.
【2020·新课标III卷·短文改错】My
mom
is
really
concerning
with
the
health
of
everyone
in
our
families.
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)All
the
football
player
on
the
playground
cheered
loudly,
saying
that
I
had
a
talent
for
football.________________
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)To
everyone's
surprising,
the
ball
went
into
the
net.________________
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Since
I
was
a
kid,
I've
considered
different
job
I
would
like
to
do.________________
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)I
wish
to
have
a
chain
of
cafes
in
many
different
city.________________
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Last
winter
when
I
went
there
again,
they
had
a
big
separate
house
to
raise
dozens
of
chicken.________________
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)When
I
was
little,
Friday's
night
was
our
family
game
night.
________________
答案：
1.
64.
curiosity
此考查名词。处介词
with
的宾语应该由名词充当，故用名词形式curiosity。
2.【答案】64.
interest
65.
than
【解析】64.
interest
此处考查(be)
of
interest，该短语相当于(be)
interesting,
of
particular
interest
相当于particularly
interesting,
形容词particular应修饰名词
interest。
65.
than
此处考查连词的使用。根据上下文可知，本句是对
the
far
side
of
the
moon
以及
the
familiar
near
side
进行比较，故应用连词
than；more
so
than意为“比……更加”，
so
替代前文“deep
craters”。
3.61.celebration
考查名词。根据空白处之前的
a
和后面的非谓语动词
marking，可知此
处应填名词
celebration。
1.
解析：activities　空格前有形容词various修饰，表示“各种各样的活动”，应用复数形式，activity是可数名词，故填activities。
2.
解析：connection/connections　分析句子成分可知，设空处在句中作谓语showed的宾语，应用connect的名词形式。connection表示“联系，关联”时为可数名词，也可填复数形式。
3.
解析：causes　此处的cause是可数名词，表示“原因”。根据设空处前的all可知，应该使用复数形式，故填causes。
4.
解析：dishes　此处dish是可数名词，其前无限定词，故用其复数形式泛指中国菜。
5.
解析：effects　根据空格前面的some以及空格后面列举的两个例子“overweight
and
heart
disease”可知，应用effect的复数形式。
二、短文改错常考点
1.
【2020·新课标I卷·短文改错】Next
I
broke
the
eggs
into
a
bowl
and
beat
them
quickly
with
chopstick.
【答案】chopstick
→
chopsticks
【解析】筷子通常为一双（两根），常用复数，所以应改为复数形式。
2.【2020·新课标II卷·短文改错】Luckily,
I
will
go
home
in
two
weeks
for
summer
vacations.
第五句：vacations
→
vacation
考查名词。句意为“我将在两周后回家过暑假”，
summer
vacation
意为“暑假”，此处指今年的暑假，因此将
vacations
改为
vacation。
【答案】concerning
→
concerned；考查非谓语动词。families
→
family
考查名词。
【解析】be
concerned
with
为固定搭配，意“关心，关切”；根据句意可知是“母亲关心我们家每个人的健康”，故应用集体名词
family
指一家人。
1.
解析：player→players　player为可数名词，其前有All修饰，应用复数形式。
2.
解析：surprising→surprise　to
one's
surprise为固定搭配，意为“让某人惊讶的是”，所有格后面应用名词形式。
3.
解析：job→jobs　job意为“工作，职位”，是可数名词，且根据前面的形容词different可知，此处表示“不同的工作”，应用复数形式。
4.
解析：city→cities　city为可数名词，其前有many
different修饰，表示“许多不同的城市”，应用复数形式。
5.
解析：chicken→chickens　短语dozens
of“许多”，后面接可数名词复数，此处应用chicken的复数形式。
6.
解析：Friday's→Friday　应用名词Friday修饰night，意为“星期五晚上”。
[语法精析——知规则]
一、可数名词的复数形式
(一)规则名词的6种复数变化形式
变化规则
例词
一般情况下
在词尾直接加?s
month→months
以?s，?x，?ch，?sh结尾的名词
在词尾加?es
glass→glasses
match→matches
以辅音字母＋?y结尾的名词
变y为i再加?es
country→countries
factory→factories
以元音字母＋?y
结尾的名词
在词尾直接加?s
holiday→holidays
monkey→monkeys
以?o结尾的名词
一般在词尾加?s
photo→photos
有些在词尾加?es
potato→potatoes
以?f，?fe结尾的名词
一般要变f或fe为v再加?es
self→selves
wolf→wolves
少数直接加?s
belief→beliefs
(二)可数名词复数的3种不规则变化形式
变化规则
例词
单复数同形
deer,
sheep,
means,
series,
Chinese,
Swiss,
aircraft,
spacecraft,
species,
fish
变内部元音
foot→feet,
tooth→teeth,
mouse→mice,
man→men,
woman→women
外来名词
medium→media
(媒体)
phenomenon→phenomena
(现象)
analysis→analyses
(分析)
[名师指津]　fish表示“鱼肉”时，为不可数名词，表示“条数”时，其复数形式与单数形式相同，但表示不同种类的鱼时，其复数形式为fishes。
(三)合成名词复数的2类变化形式
1．若有中心词，则把中心词变成复数；若无中心词，则把最后一个词变成复数。
passer?by→passers?by,
sister?in?law→sisters?in?law,
grown?up→grown?ups
2．“man/woman＋n.”变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数，如：women
engineers。
二、不可数名词
(一)常见的24个不可数名词
单词
词义
单词
词义
fun
乐趣
homework
家庭作业
progress
进步
equipment
设备
bread
面包
wealth
财富
knowledge
知识
room
空间
work
工作
weather
天气
music
音乐
news
新闻；消息
traffic
交通
meat
肉
word
消息
luck
运气
advice
建议
housework
家务
information
信息
furniture
家具
milk
牛奶
baggage/luggage
行李
orange
橙汁
man
人类
(二)抽象名词的具体化
抽象名词(不可数)
具体化(表达个体概念时，是可数名词)
surprise惊讶
a
surprise一件令人惊讶的事
success成功
a
success一个(件)成功的人(事)
honour荣誉
an
honour受尊敬的人或一种荣誉
failure失败
a
failure一个(件)失败的人(事)
beauty美；美丽
a
beauty美丽的人或事物
pleasure乐趣
a
pleasure一件乐事
[应用落实——通方法]
一、单句语法填空
1．(2020·慈溪中学模拟)There
are
various
types
of
tea
that
offer
different
health______
(benefit)
and
flavours.
2．We
usually
expect
Hollywood
______
(hero)
to
show
up
on
our
screens
and
defeat
the
bad
guys.
3．I
suddenly
regretted
that
we
had
no______
(photo)
from
this
vacation
together.
4．One
spring
afternoon,
we
went
to
one
of
the
grocery
______
(store)
nearby
to
buy
some
food
for
dinner.
5．(2020·湖州模拟)Although
they
are
seen
as
companions
and
part
of
the
family
today,
China
and
Western
countries
have
different
cultural______
(belief)
about
dogs.
6．Above
all,
commercial
interests
often
outweigh
educational
purposes,
causing
many
______
(complaint)
about
the
unbearable
advertisements.
7．Recent
______
(study)
show
that
we
are
far
more
productive
at
work
if
we
take
short
breaks
regularly.
8．Timmis
and
his
team
set
out
to
seek
the
effects
of
phone
use
on______
(passer?by)．
[解题技法]
语法填空解题“3定向”
1．根据修饰词确定名词的单复数形式
(1)不定冠词a,
an后用名词单数形式；
(2)有these,
those,
several,
many,
all,
both,
a
pair
of,
a
variety
of,
different或数词等修饰时名词用复数形式；
(3)名词前有one
of,
among时用名词复数形式。
2．根据谓语动词确定名词的单复数形式
3．根据常识和句意确定名词的单复数形式
表示两个(或两个以上)的可数名词及并列名词时，名词需用复数形式。
二、单句改错
1．(2020·合肥市质检)As
a
student,
what
can
we
do
to
guarantee
our
safe？
2．Most
people
directly
link
senior
high
school
life
with
plenty
of
stress
and
endless
homeworks.
3．In
the
afternoon,
I'll
show
you
around
and
take
you
to
some
place
of
interest.
4．(2020·兰州一中模拟)Nowadays,
many
people
were
crazy
about
instant
fame
and
wealthy.
5．The
two
thing
that
change
your
life
are
the
people
you
meet
and
books
you
read.
6．It
is
not
easy
for
our
parent
to
bring
us
up.
7．The
teachers
often
encourage
us
to
make
more
friend
in
the
school.
8．For
students,
no
matter
how
busy
they
are,
it
is
necessary
to
spare
some
time
to
do
exercises.
[解题技法]
短文改错解题“3视角”
1．分清名词单复数
看到several,
a
few,
many,
one
of,
a
list
of,
a
number
of等要想到其后的名词应用复数形式。
2．知晓不可数名词
看到information,
advice,
homework,
progress,
knowledge,
furniture,
luggage,
strength等，要想到它们是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
3．注意词性错误
看到冠词、形容词性物主代词、介词或及物动词(短语)，要想到后跟名词形式。
三、高考写作佳句
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这次比赛定于本周六下午在市体育场举办。(the
match)
________________________________________________________________________________
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这场比赛意义如此重大，以至于要求每个人都要准时到场。(the
game)
________________________________________________________________________________
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我们学校的排球队确实日程紧。(our
school
volleyball
team)
________________________________________________________________________________
4．(2016·江苏高考书面表达)当人们被要求做他们不想做的事情时，他们可能感到被强迫。(people)
________________________________________________________________________________
5．(2014·重庆高考写作)众所周知，当我们需要帮助时，我们的朋友会伸出援助之手。(our
friends)
________________________________________________________________________________
答案：
一、单句语法填空
1.
benefits
2.
heroes
3.
photos
4.
stores
5.
plaints
7.
studies
8.
passers?by
二、单句改错
1.
safe→safety
2.
homeworks→homework
3.
place→places
4。
wealthy→wealth
5.
thing→things
6.
parent→parents
7.
friend→friends
8.
exercises→exercise
三、高考写作佳句
1．The_match_is_to_be_organised/held_this_Saturday_afternoon_in_the_city's_stadium.
2．The_game_is_so_significant_that_it_is_required_that_everyone_should_present_themselves_punctually.
3．Our_school_volleyball_team_does_have_a_tight_schedule.
4．People_may_feel_forced_when_asked_to_do_things_that_they_don't_want_to.
5．As_we_all_know,_our_friends_lend_us_a_helping_hand_when_we_need_help.
第2课时　冠　词
编者按：冠词(Article)是一种虚词，不能单独作句子成分，只能与名词放在一起帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。冠词包括定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词(即不用冠词)，定冠词是the，不定冠词是a和an。
[真题集训——明考点]
语法填空常考点
1.（2020·新课标II卷·语法填空）The
plum
trees
are
70
first
to
flower
even
as
the
snow
is
melting
(融
化).
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of
________
nineteen
recognized
polar
bear
subpopulations,
three
are
declining,
six
are
stable,
one
is
increasing,
and
nine
lack
enough
data.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When
we
got
a
call
saying
she
was
short?listed,
we
thought
it
was
________
joke.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn
production
has
jumped
nearly
125
percent
over
________
past
25
years,
while
rice
has
increased
only
7
percent.
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly,
I'm
face?to?face
with
the
gorilla,
who
begins
screaming
at
________
top
of
her
lungs.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When
fat
and
salt
are
removed
from
food,
the
food
tastes
as
if
it
is
missing
something.As
________
result,
people
will
eat
more
food
to
try
to
make
up
for
that
something
missing.
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This
included
digging
up
the
road,
laying
the
track
and
then
building
a
strong
roof
over
________
top.
二、短文改错常考点
1.（2020·新课标I卷·短文改错）For
example,
every
morning,
my
dad
has
to
have
the
bowl
of
egg
soup
while
I
had
to
eat
an
apple.
2.（2020·新课标I卷·短文改错）Then
I
put
the
tomatoes
and
the
beaten
eggs
into
pan
together.
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Suddenly
football
fell
just
in
front
of
me
and
almost
hit
me.
________________
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Each
of
my
cafes
will
have
a
different
theme
and
an
unique
style.
________________
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During
my
last
winter
holiday,
I
went
to
countryside
with
my
father
to
visit
my
grandparents.________________
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As
the
kid,
I
loved
to
watch
cartoons,
but
no
matter
how
many
times
I
asked
to
watch
them,
my
parents
would
not
let
me.________________
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I
still
remember
how
hard
first
day
was.________________
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They
live
far
from
the
school,
and
it
takes
them
about
a
hour
and
a
half
to
go
to
work
every
day.________________
答案：
语法填空常考点
【答案】the【解析】根据空白处后面的序数词
first，可知此处应填定冠词
the。
1．解析：the　此处特指“已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填定冠词the。
2．解析：a　此处表示“我们以为那是一个玩笑”，设空后的joke为可数名词，此处泛指“一个玩笑”，应用不定冠词，且joke的读音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
3．解析：the　此处表示特指，
over
the
past
25
years意为“在过去的25年里”，故用定冠词the。
4．解析：the　at
the
top
of
one's
lungs为固定搭配，意为“用最大的声音，声嘶力竭地”。
5．解析：a　as
a
result为固定搭配，意为“结果”。
6．解析：the　top是名词，前面要用冠词，此处特指在(地铁的)顶部建造一个结实的顶，所以填定冠词the。
二、短文改错常考点
【答案】the
→
a;
had
→
have;
【解析】考查冠词。a
bowl
of
意为“一碗……”，不定冠词a
在此表示泛指；had
→
have
考查谓语动词。根据时间状语
every
morning
以及与空白处并列的谓语动词
has
to
和通篇时态可知，此处应用一般现在时，故将
had
改为
have。
2.【答案】Then
I
put
the
tomatoes
and
the
beaten
eggs
into
∧
pan
together.
【解析】考查冠词。Pan为可数名词，且在上文中一出现过，此处为第二次出现，特指“我”之前放油加热的“平底锅”，因此
pan前要用定冠词
the。
1．解析：football前加a　football为可数名词且是第一次提到，此处泛指一个足球，且football的读音以辅音音素开头，故在football前加a。
2．解析：an→a　style为可数名词，此处泛指一种独特的风格，且unique的读音以辅音音素开头，其前应用不定冠词a。
3．解析：countryside前加the　go
to
the
countryside是固定用法，意为“去乡下”。
4．解析：the→a　此处表示“作为一个孩子”，为泛指，且kid的读音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。
5．解析：first前加the/my　此处表示“第几天”，序数词前要加定冠词the或者用形容词性物主代词my进行修饰。
6．解析：第一个a→an/one　hour的读音以元音音素开头，且是可数名词，所以用an/one
hour
and
a
half表示“一个半小时”。
[语法精析——知规则]
(一)不定冠词
表示类指或某类中的“任何一个”。
A
child
not
only
needs
food
and
clothing,
but
love
as
well.
表示泛指“某个”。当说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词；或由不定冠词构成的名词词组往往带有不确定的含义，相当于a
certain；或专有名词前加不定冠词，表示具有某种特性的人或物、某一位不认识的人或某个不确定的时间。
I
have
a
question
to
ask
you.
In
a
sense
what
you
said
is
true.
All
of
a
sudden,
she
burst
into
tears.
Experts
think
that
the
recently
discovered
painting
may
be
a
Picasso.
表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数量概念没有one强烈。
Suddenly
they
heard
a
loud
voice.
表示“每”，相当于per，用在表示价格、速度、频率等的短语中。
Prices
start
at
￡13.95
a
yard
for
printed
cotton.
用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，使之具体化。表示“一种……的人或事”
He
suddenly
appeared
on
a
rainy
night,
which
was
a
great
surprise
to
us.
不定冠词用于序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。
Live
a
good,
honorable
life.Then
when
you
get
older
and
think
back,
you'll
get
to
enjoy
it
a
second
time.
(二)定冠词
用在表示特定的人或事物，或者双方都知道的或双方都明确的人或事物，或者指上文已经提到过的人或事物之前。
Take
your
time
—
it's
just
a
short
distance
from
here
to
the
restaurant.
用在世界上独一无二的事物前。
The
earth
goes
around
the
sun.
用于序数词或形容词、副词的最高级前。
Is
this
the
first
time
that
you
have
visited
Qingdao？
用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫妇俩；或用于形容词或分词前，表示“某一类人或事物”。
The
explosion
saw
people
rush
to
help
the
injured.
用在世纪前或用在逢十的年代前，后者表示“在某世纪几十年代”。
It's
said
that
corn
was
grown
a
lot
in
Tibet
in
the
17th
century.
(三)零冠词(不用冠词的情况)
专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。
He
is
living
in
Canada
now.
季节、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐前一般不加冠词。
We
usually
have
breakfast
at
7
o'clock
in
the
morning.
语言、学科名称、球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前不用冠词。
I'm
interested
in
English.
表示头衔和职位的名词作表语、同位语、补足语或与姓氏连用时，其前通常不用冠词。
Dr.Peter
Spence,
headmaster
of
the
school,
told
us,
“A
fifth
of
pupils
here
go
on
to
study
at
Oxford
or
Cambridge.”
系动词turn(变成)后的单数名词作表语不用冠词。
His
brother
has
turned
writer.
as/though引导让步状语从句，单数可数名词提前构成倒装时，其前不用冠词。
Hero
as/though
he
is,
he
has
some
shortcomings.
(四)冠词用于固定搭配中
不定冠词用于固定搭配中
an
average
of平均　
　　for
a
while一会儿
as
a
result因此，结果
as
a
rule
通常
as
a
whole总体上
as
a
matter
of
fact事实上
at
a
loss不知所措
in
a
hurry匆忙
in
a
word总之
in
a
sense在某种意义上
定冠词用于固定搭配中
all
the
time一直　　
　　in
the
end
最后
by
the
way顺便说一下
in
the
distance在远处
in
the
way挡道
on
the
whole总的来说
at
the
same
time同时
on
the
other
hand另一方面
to
tell
the
truth说实话
for
the
time
being暂时
零冠词用于固定搭配中
at
present目前　　　　　take
part
in参加
in
peace平静
by
chance/accident碰巧
on
purpose故意
on
business因公出差
ahead
of
time提前
in
advance提前
by
law根据法律
by
mistake错误地
[应用落实——通方法]
单句语法填空
1．(2020·石家庄市质检)In
Chinese
tradition,
people
take
giving
children
lucky
money
as______blessing.
2．(2020·青岛市模拟)There
was
______
empty
place
in
my
heart
that
only
a
friend
like
Linda
could
fill.
3．If
I
wanted
to
be______more
responsible
person,
I
needed
to
make
daily
decisions
that
a
responsible
person
would
make.
4．(2020·合肥市一模)Chinese
brush
calligraphy
or
“shufa”
in
Chinese
is
one
of
______most
important
art
forms
in
China.
5．Since
I
had
______
electronic
ticket,
I
then
went
straight
to
the
boarding
gate.
6．Well,
Sarah,
sometimes
food
and
clothes
aren't
______
only
important
things.
7．She
stayed
up
until
eleven
thirty
one
evening
on
purpose
just
to
see
______
moonlight.
8．In
Chinese
culture,
each
year
is
related
to______
Chinese
animal
according
to
the
12?year
cycle.
[解题技法]
语法填空解题“2定向”
1．根据泛指或特指选择冠词
如果空格后的名词或“形容词＋名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。
(1)如果空格及后面的名词可翻译成“一个……”，一般填a/an。如果可翻译成“这/那个，这/那些”一般填the；
(2)如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语时很可能填the。
2．根据固定句式或短语选择冠词
英语中有很多带有冠词的固定句式或短语，记住这些句式和短语也有利于解决此类问题。
二、单句改错
1．(2020·山西实验中学模拟)Last
but
not
least,
we
should
take
a
active
part
in
sports
and
build
up
our
body.
2．Besides,
this
will
be
my
first
experience
to
participate
in
such
a
activity.
3．It
started
when
teacher
set
up
a
volleyball
club
in
our
school,
hoping
that
more
students
would
take
part
in
the
sport
and
keep
fit.
4．(2020·山西实验中学模拟)Last
summer
vacation,
I
worked
in
restaurant.
5．(2020·九江一中模拟)During
your
study,
you
can
take
the
part
in
more
activities
after
class,
where
you
can
make
more
friends
from
different
countries.
6．Realizing
it
was
our
last
school
sports
meeting,
we
decided
to
make
it
unforgettable
experience.
7．After
climbing
for
half
a
hour,
we
finally
got
to
the
top
of
the
mountain.
8．(2020·周口市质检)On
the
one
hand,
he
has
gift
for
singing
and
has
taken
part
in
many
singing
contests
in
which
he
performed
well.
[解题技法]
短文改错解题“4视角”
1．注意单词首字母的音素
看到读音以辅(元)音音素开头的名词要想到应用不定冠词a(n)。
2．明确特指与泛指
如果名词表示特指，则应用定冠词the，泛指用a/an。
3．掌握可数与不可数
看到单数可数名词要想到是否少用了冠词；看到不可数名词表示泛指要想到是否多用了冠词。
4．记熟固定搭配
牢记含冠词的固定搭配，确定冠词的增与删。
三、高考写作佳句
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)为了赢得比赛，我们决定每天放学后训练两个小时。
2．(2019·浙江6月高考写作)尽管表扬有助于鼓励孩子取得进步，但不要从一个极端走向另一个极端。
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这部英文短片不仅有意义，而且很有趣。
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这次展览可以帮助你更好地了解中国民间艺术作品。
5．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)六月的最后一个周日怎么样？那时考试已经结束，我们都有时间。
答案：
一、单句语法填空
1.
a
2.
an
3.
a
4.
the
5.
an
6.
the
7.
the
9.
a
二、单句改错
1．
a→an2．
a→an3．
teacher前加a4．restaurant前加a5．去掉the6．
unforgettable前加an
7．
a→an8gift前加a
三、高考写作佳句
1．
In_order_to_win_the_match,_we_have_made_a_decision_that_we_train_for_two_hours_after_school_every_day.
2．
Though/Although_praise_helps_to_encourage_children_to_make_progress,_don't_go_from_one_extreme_to_the_other.
3．
The_English_short_film_will_be_not_only_meaningful_but_also_interesting.
4．
The_exhibition_can_help_you_have_a_better_understanding_of_Chinese_folk_art_works.
5．
How_about_the_last_Sunday_of_June,_when_the_examination_is_over_and_we_are_free?
[语篇巧训——全融会]
一、冠词专练(用适当的冠词填空)
When
I
walked
down
__1__
Third
Avenue,
as
__2__
rule,
I
used
to
look
into
the
windows
of
__3__
old
shop
that
sold
old
and
beautiful
things.
Since
I
often
took
my
walk
after
the
closing
time,
I
cupped
my
hands
against
__4__
windows
to
get
__5__
small
look
at
the
treasures
inside.
Some
things
looked
as
if
they
had
not
been
noticed
for
__6__
long
time，but
I
knew
their
beauty
was
still
there
beneath
their
own
surface.
I
even
thought
they
were
__7__
most
beautiful
that
I
had
ever
seen.
That
was
how
I
felt
about
old
people,
too.
I
knew
their
value,
and
it
hurt
me
when
others
missed
it.
I
was
raised
by
my
grandmother
and
given
__8__
deep
sense
of
the
value
of
experience.
Taught
to
behave
well，my
sister
and
I
respected
other
people,
regardless
of
their
age
or
color.
My
grandmother
was
loved
by
all
__9__
people
around
her.
She
was
known
to
be
__10__
wise
and
kind
woman,
who
was
able
to
do
things
well
even
in
her
last
years.
Old
people
should
be
treated
as
fine
gold.
They
may
be
gradually
tarnished
(失去光泽)
by
age,
but
they
can
be
polished
with
respect.You
might
be
surprised
by
their
bright
and
shining
qualities.
二、名词专练(依据汉语提示补全短文)
It
was
late
at
night.
①_____________
(两名德国人)
were
sleeping
in
their
room
when
suddenly,
one
of
them,
Mrs.Green,
was
woken
up
and
found
a
thief
slipping
into
their
room
to
try
his
luck.
She
had
②_____________
(三千美元)
in
her
pocket.
“What
should
I
do?
③_____________
(许多小偷)
usually
④_____________
(带着刀子)
with
them，”
she
thought
⑤_____________
(静静地).
And
at
the
same
time
the
thief
happened
to
touch
⑥______________
(一套运动服装).
It
seemed
as
if
he
found
there
was
someone
in
the
room,
so
he
went
out
to
the
next
room
where
⑦_____________
(两名法国人)
were
sleeping.
When
he
⑧_____________
(在找一些钱或珠宝)
in
the
next
room,
Mrs.Green
woke
up
her
husband
quickly
and
⑨_____________
(报警).
And
then
the
thief
knew
what
had
happened.
He
was
so
scared
that
he
took
out
a
knife.Just
then
the
police
showed
up.
Before
the
thief
ran
away,
the
police
caught
him.
For
Mrs.Green,
it
was
really
⑩_____________
(一次不寻常的经历)．
答案：
一、冠词专练(用适当的冠词填空)
语篇解读：本文为一篇议论文。一些旧的东西虽然外表不再光鲜亮丽，但仍有内在的美，老年人也是如此。如果老年人受到尊重，同样会焕发出新的活力。
1．the　设空处后为序数词，且此处表示“次序”，故设空处应填定冠词the。
2．a　as
a
rule为固定短语，意为“通常”。
3．an　本空表示泛指，设空处后old的读音以元音音素开头，故设空处用不定冠词an。
4．the　设空处后的windows指的是那个老店铺的橱窗，表示特指，故填定冠词the。
5．a　get
a
look
at为固定短语，意为“看一眼”。
6．a　一些东西看上去好像很长时间没有人管了。for
a
long
time“很长时间”。
7．the　设空处后有most，且most和后面的形容词构成最高级，故设空处为the。
8．a　“我”被“我”祖母养大并被赋予了对经验价值的理解。sense在此意为“理解力，判断力”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，故与不定冠词连用。
9．the　设空处后的people在本句中表示特指，故设空处填the。
10．a　众所周知，她是一位有智慧而且善良的女人。woman在本句中表示泛指，故设空处填不定冠词a。
二、名词专练(依据汉语提示补全短文)
①_____
Two_Germans②three_thousand_dollars③Many_thieves④bring_knives⑤in_silence⑥a_sports_suit
⑦two_Frenchmen⑧was_looking_for_some_money_or_jewels⑨called_the_police⑩an_unusual_experience