名词
1.
You
can
read
about
other
countries,
but
there’s
no
_____
for
visiting
them
yourself.
A.
compensation?????????????
B.
criterion?????????????
C.
sacrifice?????????????
D.
substitute
2.
All
agree,in
the
fierce
competition,honesty
is
a
vital__________of
her
success.
A.
evidence?????????????
B.
element?????????????
C.
concept?????????????
D.
criterion
3.
Although
I've
called
Edinburgh
my
home
for
the
last
nine
years,
I
still
feel
a
strong
emotional
______
to
the
place
where
I
spent
my
childhood.
A.
attachment?????????????
B.
admission?????????????
C.
discrimination?????????????
D.
approach
4.
The
two
countries
expect
and
hope
that
their
cooperation
will
deepen
in
the
______
of
the
Belt
and
Road
Initiative.
A.
content?????????????
B.
context?????????????
C.
contract?????????????
D.
contrast
5.
Coming
on
as
a
______
for
a
regular
player,
Jones
scored
four
crucial
goals
for
his
team.
A.
symbol?????????????
B.
sacrifice?????????????
C.
superior?????????????
D.
substitute
6.
There
is
more
to
good
health
than
the
mere
________
of
disease.
Mental
health
is
equally
important.
A.
presence?????????????
B.
absence?????????????
C.
experience?????????????
D.
evidence
7.
Meeting
all
the
______applied
to
Earth’s
seven
other
continents,
Zealandia
is
on
its
way
to
becoming
a
new
continent.
A.
criteria?????????????
B.
curricula?????????????
C.
data?????????????
D.
phenomena
8.
______
to
success
can’t
defeat
us.
Instead,
they
can
only
make
us
stronger.
A.
Attempts?????????????
B.
Barriers
C.
Contributions?????????????
D.
Access
9.
If
you
want
to
see
a
doctor,
you
should
make
an
appointment
with
him
in
advance.
That’s
a
common
______
in
the
U.S.
A.
habit?????????????
B.
practice?????????????
C.
tradition?????????????
D.
custom
10.
Experts
have
pointed
out
that
the
_______
of
severe
punishment
plays
a
major
role
in
the
growing
food
safety
problem.
A.
absence?????????????
B.
presence?????????????
C.
existence?????????????
D.
evidence
11.
Teachers
have
to
constantly
update
their
knowledge
in
order
to
maintain
their
professional
_________.
A.
influence?????????????
B.
independence?????????????
C.
competence?????????????
D.
intelligence
12.
The
couple
got
into
a(n)________
about
where
to
celebrate
New
Year’s
Eve:
at
home
or
in
a
restaurant.
A.
comment?????????????
B.
argument?????????????
C.
debate?????????????
D.
quarrel
13.
The
company
is
running
out
of
its
fund__________and
may
soon
be
unable
to
pay
its
bills.
A.
reserves?????????????
B.
sources?????????????
C.
incomes?????????????
D.
collections
14.
Promoting
the
______of
energy
and
carbon
footprint
reduction
is
an
essential
part
of
building
an
ecological
civilization.
A.
consumption?????????????
B.
conservation?????????????
C.
constitution?????????????
D.
construction
15.
Credits
in
Advanced
Placement
classes
can
greatly
help
students
gain
______
to
competitive
schools.
A.
privilege?????????????
B.
distinction?????????????
C.
currency?????????????
D.
admission
petition
for
entry
to
these
programs
is
keen,
and
applicants
need
above-average
grades
to
gain___________.
A.
ambition?????????????
B.
preference?????????????
C.
admission?????????????
D.
competence
17.
There
have?
been
widely
differing
______
in
the
newspapers
about
the
explosion
of
the
chemical
work.
A.
revisions?????????????
B.
versions?????????????
C.
dimensions?????????????
D.
editions
18.
With
their
patience
and
efforts,
Chris
and
Tim
successfully
developed
a
____
of
artificial
breeding
(人工繁殖）and
natural
reproduction.
A
collection?????????????
B.
combination?????????????
C.
system?????????????
D.
strategy
19.
The
company
is
making
a
long-term__________to
breaking
into
the
American
market.
A.
complaint?????????????
B.
comment?????????????
C.
commitment?????????????
D.
contribution
20.
Try
to
understand
what’s
actually
happening
instead
of
acting
on
the
_______
you’ve
made.
A.
assignment?????????????
B.
association
C.
acquisition?????????????
D.
assumption名词
1.
You
can
read
about
other
countries,
but
there’s
no
_____
for
visiting
them
yourself.
A.
compensation?????????????
B.
criterion?????????????
C.
sacrifice?????????????
D.
substitute
【答案解析】
D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可以读一下关于其他国家的读物，但是没有什么可以成为你亲自去参观它们的替代品。A.
compensation弥补；B.
criterion标准；C.
sacrifice牺牲；D.
substitute替代品。根据句意可知，此处用“替代品”符合语境。故选D项。
2.
All
agree,in
the
fierce
competition,honesty
is
a
vital__________of
her
success.
A.
evidence?????????????
B.
element?????????????
C.
concept?????????????
D.
criterion
【答案解析】
B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：大家都同意，在激烈的竞争中，诚实是她成功的关键因素。A.?
evidence
证据；B.?
element
要素，元素；C.
concept
概念；D.?
criterion标准。此处表示“她成功的关键要素是诚实”。故选B。
3.
Although
I've
called
Edinburgh
my
home
for
the
last
nine
years,
I
still
feel
a
strong
emotional
______
to
the
place
where
I
spent
my
childhood.
A.
attachment?????????????
B.
admission?????????????
C.
discrimination?????????????
D.
approach
【答案解析】
A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然在过去的九年里我一直把爱丁堡称为我的家，但我对这个我度过童年的地方仍然有一种强烈的情感依恋。A.
attachment依恋；B.
admission承认，入场费；C.
discrimination歧视，区别；D.
approach方法，接近。Although尽管，表转折，同时根据句意可知，尽管过去九年我把爱丁堡当家，但对童年生活的地方的感情应该为仍然有依恋。故选A项。
【点睛】本题考查名词的词义辨析，要求学生掌握大纲内每个名词的意义及用法。在本类型题的解题过程中需要明确句子的大概意思，才能明确的判断出所要运用的词语，当然明确辨析出各个名词的含义也是很重要的。
4.
The
two
countries
expect
and
hope
that
their
cooperation
will
deepen
in
the
______
of
the
Belt
and
Road
Initiative.
A.
content?????????????
B.
context?????????????
C.
contract?????????????
D.
contrast
【答案解析】
B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：两国希望，在“一带一路”倡议的背景下，它们能深化合作。A.
content内容；B.
context背景、语境；C.
contract合约；D.
contrast对比。in
the
context
of意为“在……背景下”，符合语境。故选B。
5.
Coming
on
as
a
______
for
a
regular
player,
Jones
scored
four
crucial
goals
for
his
team.
A.
symbol?????????????
B.
sacrifice?????????????
C.
superior?????????????
D.
substitute
【答案解析】
D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:作为一个替补队员上场，琼斯为他的队打进四个制胜的球。A.symbol象征，标志；代表性的人(物)；B.sacrifice牺牲；献祭，祭品；C.superior更好的；上级的；上级，上司；D.substitute代替者；(尤指)替补队员；代课老师；代替物，替代品。分析句子，划线后提到了“for
a
regular
player(为固定球员）”，可知Jones是一个替补队员。故选D项。
6.
There
is
more
to
good
health
than
the
mere
________
of
disease.
Mental
health
is
equally
important.
A.
presence?????????????
B.
absence?????????????
C.
experience?????????????
D.
evidence
【答案解析】
B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：健康不仅仅指不生病，还包括更多，心理健康同样重要。A.
presence
存在；B.
absence
缺乏；C.
experience
经历，经验；D.
evidence
证据。根据“Mental
health
is
equally
important.”可知，健康不仅仅指不生病。故选B。
7.
Meeting
all
the
______applied
to
Earth’s
seven
other
continents,
Zealandia
is
on
its
way
to
becoming
a
new
continent.
A.
criteria?????????????
B.
curricula?????????????
C.
data?????????????
D.
phenomena
【答案解析】
A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：符合地球其他七大洲的所有标准，新西兰正在成为一个新的大陆。A.
criteria标准；B.
curricula课程；C.
data数据；D.
phenomena现象。本句前半部分为现在分词作状语，applied
to
Earth’s
seven
other
continents(适用于地球新的七大洲)为后置定语。meet
all
the
criteria为固定搭配，意为“符合所有标准”。故选A。
【点睛】名词辨析要根据语境和固定短语来进行判断。如本题
meet
all
the
criteria意为“符合所以标准”。类似的还有meet
one’s
needs意为“满足某人的需求”。
8.
______
to
success
can’t
defeat
us.
Instead,
they
can
only
make
us
stronger.
A.
Attempts?????????????
B.
Barriers
C.
Contributions?????????????
D.
Access
【答案解析】
B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通往成功路上的障碍不能打败我们，相反，它们只会让我们更强大。A.
Attempts尝试；B.
Barriers障碍；C.
Contributions贡献；D.
Access进入。根据“can’t
defeat
us”可知，此处表示“障碍”，故B项正确。
9.
If
you
want
to
see
a
doctor,
you
should
make
an
appointment
with
him
in
advance.
That’s
a
common
______
in
the
U.S.
A.
habit?????????????
B.
practice?????????????
C.
tradition?????????????
D.
custom
【答案解析】
B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你想看医生，你应该提前和他预约。这在美国很常见。A.
habit习惯；B.
practice常规；惯例；C.
tradtion传统；D.
custom风俗。根据句意，此处说的是在美国提前预约医生是常见的惯例，故选B项。
10.
Experts
have
pointed
out
that
the
_______
of
severe
punishment
plays
a
major
role
in
the
growing
food
safety
problem.
A.
absence?????????????
B.
presence?????????????
C.
existence?????????????
D.
evidence
【答案解析】
A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：专家指出，没有严厉的惩罚是导致食品安全问题日益严重的主要原因。A.
absence缺失；B.
presence出席；C.
existence存在；D.
evidence证明。由语意可知，食品安全问题的日益严重在很大程度上是因为：严厉惩罚的缺失（absence）。故选A项。
11.
Teachers
have
to
constantly
update
their
knowledge
in
order
to
maintain
their
professional
_________.
A.
influence?????????????
B.
independence?????????????
C.
competence?????????????
D.
intelligence
【答案解析】
C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：教师必须不断更新自己的知识，以保持他们的专业技能。A.
influence影响；B.
independence独立；C.
competence能力，技能；D.
intelligence智力。由语意可知，教师更新自己知识的目的应该是保持自己专业技能。故选C项。
12.
The
couple
got
into
a(n)________
about
where
to
celebrate
New
Year’s
Eve:
at
home
or
in
a
restaurant.
A.
comment?????????????
B.
argument?????????????
C.
debate?????????????
D.
quarrel
【答案解析】
B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇为除夕是在家里还是在餐馆里庆祝发生了争吵。A.
comment评论，表示就某人或某事发表看法；B.
argument争吵，指提出理由或证据为自己或自己一方的看法或立场辩护，着重说理、论证和企图说服；C.
debate辩论，（正式的）讨论，侧重指意见等对立的双方之间正式或公开的争辩；D.
quarrel吵架，争论，指两人之间或两个团体之间不友好的、吵吵嚷嚷地大声争论某事，尤指“吵嘴、吵架”。结合后文“where
to
celebrate
New
Year’s
Eve:
at
home
or
in
a
restaurant”可知，此处指就在哪里庆祝发生了争吵，用argument更符合，get
into
an
argument“争吵起来”。故选B。
13.
The
company
is
running
out
of
its
fund__________and
may
soon
be
unable
to
pay
its
bills.
A.
reserves?????????????
B.
sources?????????????
C.
incomes?????????????
D.
collections
【答案解析】
A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该公司的资金储备已经用完，可能很快就无法支付账单。A.
reserves储备；B.
sources来源；C.
incomes收入；D.
collections收集。由下一句may
soon
be
unable
to
pay
its
bills可知，是资金储备用完了，可能才无法支付账单。故选A项。
14.
Promoting
the
______of
energy
and
carbon
footprint
reduction
is
an
essential
part
of
building
an
ecological
civilization.
A.
consumption?????????????
B.
conservation?????????????
C.
constitution?????????????
D.
construction
【答案解析】
B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：提升能源保护和减少碳足迹是建设生态文明的重要组成部分。A.
consumption消费；B.
conservation保护；避免浪费；C.
constitution建立；组成；D.
construction建筑；建造。根据下文的building
an
ecological
civilization可知，能源保护是生态文化的一部分，故选B。
15.
Credits
in
Advanced
Placement
classes
can
greatly
help
students
gain
______
to
competitive
schools.
A.
privilege?????????????
B.
distinction?????????????
C.
currency?????????????
D.
admission
【答案解析】
D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：进阶课程的学分可以极大地帮助学生进入有竞争力的学校。A.
privilege特权；B.
distinction差别；
C.
currency货币；D.
admission进入。分析句子可知，学分帮助学生进入更有竞争力的学校，“
admission”（进入）符合句意，故选D。
petition
for
entry
to
these
programs
is
keen,
and
applicants
need
above-average
grades
to
gain___________.
A.
ambition?????????????
B.
preference?????????????
C.
admission?????????????
D.
competence
【答案解析】
C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：参与这些项目的竞争非常激烈，申请人需要高于平均水平的成绩，才能获得许可。A.
ambition雄心，野心；B.
preference偏好；C.
admission许可；D.
ability能力，胜任。根据Competition
for
entry
to
these
programs
is
keen可知，此处指“申请人需要高于平均水平的成绩，才能获得许可”。故选C。
17.
There
have?
been
widely
differing
______
in
the
newspapers
about
the
explosion
of
the
chemical
work.
A.
revisions?????????????
B.
versions?????????????
C.
dimensions?????????????
D.
editions
【答案解析】
B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：关于化工厂爆炸的报道，报纸上有许多不同的版本。A.
revisions校订，复习；B.
versions文字，版本；C.
dimensions规模，大小；D.
editions刊本。此处指不同的“版本”。故选B。
18.
With
their
patience
and
efforts,
Chris
and
Tim
successfully
developed
a
____
of
artificial
breeding
(人工繁殖）and
natural
reproduction.
A
collection?????????????
B.
combination?????????????
C.
system?????????????
D.
strategy
【答案解析】
B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们的耐心和努力下，克里斯和蒂姆成功地将人工繁殖和自然繁殖结合起来。A.
collection收藏；B.
combination结合；C.
system系统；D.
strategy策。根据下文提到的两种繁殖方式“artificial
breeding
(人工繁殖）and
natural
reproduction”及句中的关键词“efforts”、“successfully”，结合语境可知，应该是成功地将两种方式结合起来。故选B。
19.
The
company
is
making
a
long-term__________to
breaking
into
the
American
market.
A.
complaint?????????????
B.
comment?????????????
C.
commitment?????????????
D.
contribution
【答案解析】
C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该公司正长期致力于打入美国市场。A.
complaint抱怨；B.
comment评价；C.
commitment致力于，投入；D.
contribution贡献，捐赠。结合后文to
breaking
into
the
American
market可知该公司正长期致力于打入美国市场。故选
C。
20.
Try
to
understand
what’s
actually
happening
instead
of
acting
on
the
_______
you’ve
made.
A.
assignment?????????????
B.
association
C.
acquisition?????????????
D.
assumption
【答案解析】
D
考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A.
assignment分配；B.
association协会，社团；C.
acquisition获得物；D.
assumption假设。故选D。
【点睛】题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键词actually
happening（实际发生）和instead
of（而不是）可推知，与actually
happening相反是“假设”，从而选出正确答案。
