2021届高考二轮英语考点透析学案:解密02名词和主谓一致 (学生版+教师版)

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名称 2021届高考二轮英语考点透析学案:解密02名词和主谓一致 (学生版+教师版)
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解密02名词和主谓一致
【命题解读】
名词和主谓一致是历年高考的重要考点,常常出现在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错题型中。名词部分主要考查:
①名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配
②名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)
③名词的所有格
④抽象名词的具体化
⑤名词和冠词的搭配
高考关于主谓一致的考查主要集中在一下三个方面:
①语法一致
②意义一致
③就近原则
【命题预测】
语法填空对名词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点,主要集中在给出词根进行此类转化,根据习惯用法或固定短语确定名词,名词的复数形式,所有格形式的变化。主谓一致一般会与名词、动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。
【名师指导】
1.
整体把握,注意语境
从近年高考试题看,高考语法填空对名词的考查离不开具体的语境,在语境中考查名词的相关知识。做题时,既要全面、整体地看题干,还要注意分析句子成分,并根据提示词来确定名词的相关考点。通常,涉及名词考点的试题包括:
(1)根据语境判断名词的单复数;
(2)提示词是形容词、动词等此类,根据句子成分和词缀知识加上相应的后缀变成名词;
(3)名词的固定搭配;
(4)名词的所有格及名词的其他相关知识
2.
确定考点,注意搭配
语法填空对名词的考查涉及名词各方面的知识,解题时要注意首先根据提示信息确定考点,试题是考查名词的词类转换,还是考查复数名词、名词的所有格,还是考查主谓一致、名词的固定搭配等,确定了考点之后,再结合其他相关知识来做出正确解答。
3.
多记单词,积累词缀
高考对名词的考查注重基础,我们在平时的复习中要打好基础,掌握足够的考纲词汇,并熟知其常见搭配和用法,并注意熟练掌握常用的名词词缀知识。
4.
巧用就近原则
当主语是由or,
nor,
either…or,
neither…nor,
not
only…but
also连接的并列成分时以及在there
be句型中,谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则。
一、
名词的种类
专有名词
普通名词
国名地名人名,团体机构名称
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
抽象名词
物质名词
二、
名词的数
1.
可数名词的复数
(1)规则变化
情况
方法
例词
一般情况
加-s
students,teachers,doc
tors,tables
以s,x,ch,sh结尾
加-es
glasses,dishes,boxes,watches但stomach复数形式直接加s,即stomachs
以辅音字母+y结尾
变y为i再加-es
families,babies,armies,bodies
以元音字母+y结尾
加-s
boys,toys,pianos,photos
以f或fe结尾
大都变f或fe为v,再加-es
thieves,wives,knives,shelves,lives
少数加-s
beliefs,proofs,roofs,chiefs
以o结尾
通常加-s
radios,videos,zoos,tobaccos
有的加-es
heroes,potatoes,tomatoes
【名师点睛】
①以-o结尾的下列名词要加-es,它们是"黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿",即Negroes,heroes,echoes,
potatoes,tomatoes。
但下列以-o结尾的名词既可以加-es,也可以加-s,它们是:zeros(zeroes)零,mosquitos
(mosquitoes)
蚊子,volcanos(volcanoes)火山。
②以-f或-fe结尾的下列名词需要把f或fe去掉,加-ves,它们是"为了自己活命,小偷和他的妻子手
里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上,把狼劈成两半",即selves,lives,thieves,wives,knives,leaves,shelves,
wolves,halves。
但下列以-f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加-ves,也可以直接加-s,如:handkerchiefs
(handkerchieves)
手帕。
③名词前有man或woman修饰,变复数时,作定语的man
或woman和后面的名词都要变成复数。如:woman
doctor→women
doctors
(2)不规则变化
①自身有特殊变化的名词
child孩子→children 
man男人→men 
tooth牙→teeth
 
foot脚,英尺→feet 
mouse老鼠→mice 
phenomenon现象→phenomena 
medium传播媒介→media
②常见单复数同形的名词:
Chinese
中国人;sheep
绵羊;deer鹿;series
系列;means
方式;works
工厂;fish
鱼;fruit
水果等。
其中fish,fruit表示种类时,可加复数词尾,即fishes,fruits。
?Some
deer
are
eating
grass
at
the
bottom
of
the
hill.
?Every
possible
means
has
been
tried,
but
none
has
worked.
③合成名词的复数形式:
son-in-law

sons-in-law
passer-by

passers-by
story-teller

story-tellers
【名师点睛】
名词+名词时,仅将后面的名词变复数:girl
student

girl
students
但是man/woman+名词时,前后都要变为复数:
woman
singer

women
singers
1.
(2020年1月浙江卷·语法填空)For
Japan,
the
______(number)
are
more
striking-22
in
1950,
46
today
and
53
in
2050.
【答案】numbers。
【解析】考查名词复数。根据句中are
可知主语应该用名词复数形式。
2.
(2020年7月浙江)Later,
they
learned
to
work
with
the
_________(season),
【答案】seasons。
【解析】考查名词复数。后来他们随着季节的变更劳作。根据句意,一年有四季,故填名词复数,seasons。
3.
(2019新课标卷I·短文改错)All
the
player
on
the
playground
cheered
loudly.
【答案】player改为players。
【解析】考查名词复数。句意:操场上所有足球运动员都大声欢呼起来。根据all
可知player
要用复数形式。
4.(2018新课标卷I·语法填空)Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014___66(that
\which)___showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
A
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
___67___(cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明,仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步,就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
5.house
to
raise
dozens
of
chicken.
【答案】chicken改为chickens
【解析】考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅,还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的dozens
of可知,其后用名词复数形式。
6.
(2018·全国新课标卷Ⅱ·短文改错)After
supper,
we
would
play
card
games
of
all
sort
in
the
sitting
room.
【答案】sort改为sorts
【解析】sort在此意为“种类”,是可数名词,和all搭配时用复数形式。故将sort改为sorts.
7.(2018·浙江卷)Few
people
I
know
seem
to
have
much
desire
or
time
to
cook.
Making
Chinese
___56___(dish)
is
seen
as
especially
troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜,表示泛指应该用名词复数,故填dishes。
8.(2017·全国新课标卷I·语法填空)This
trend,
which
was
started
by
the
medical
community(医学界)
as
a
method
of
fighting
heart
disease,
has
had
some
unintended
side
62
(effect)
such
as
overweight
and
heart
disease

the
very
thing
the
medical
community
was
trying
to
fight.
【答案】effects
【解析】考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”,根据前文的some可知“side
effect”(副作用)有很多,故填effects。
9.(2017新课标卷Ⅱ·语法填空)In
1863the
first
underground
passenger
railway
in
the
world
opened
in
London.
It
ran
for
just
under
seven
kilometers
and
allowed
people
to
avoid
terrible
61
(crowd)
on
the
roads
above
as
they
travelled
to
and
from
work.
【答案】crowds
【解析】此处表示复数概念,crowd前没有冠词,且它是可数名词,故填crowds.
10.(2017新课标卷Ⅲ·语法填空)She
has
turned
down
several
67
(invitation)
to
star
at
shows
in
order
to
concentrate
on
her
studies.
【答案】invitations
【解析】考查名词单复数。several修饰可数名词复数形式,故填invitations。
11.(2016·全国新课标卷I·语法填空)Chengdu
has
dozens
of
new
millionaires,
Asia’s
biggest
building,
and
fancy
new
hotels.
But
for
tourists
like
me,
pandas
are
its
top
61
(attract)...
The
nursery
team
switches
him
every
few
69
(day)
with
his
sister
so
that
while
one
is
being
bottle-fed,
70(the)
other
is
with
mum

she
never
suspects.
61.【答案】attraction
【解析】考查名词。
形容词top后面跟名词形式。
69.【答案】days
【解析】考查名词复数。few修饰复数名词。
2.
不可数名词
(1)通常只用作不可数名词的名词:advice建议,
furniture家具,
fun乐趣;information信息,news新闻,
weather天气,
progress进步,wealth财富,value价值等。
(2)不可数名词具体化
①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用,常考的有:
单词
抽象名词意义
具体化名词意义
success
成功
成功的人或事
pleasure
乐趣
令人高兴的事
beauty
美;美丽
美丽的人或事物
comfort
安慰;慰藉
令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger
危险
危险的人或因素
delight
高兴
令人高兴的事
failure
失败
失败的人或事物
surprise
惊奇
令人惊奇的事情
shock
震惊
令人震惊的事情
pride
骄傲
令人骄傲的事情
Your
contribution
will
certainly
make
the
event
a
huge
success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
②物质名词具体化
drink饮料→two
drinks
两杯饮料 
coffee咖啡→a
coffee一杯咖啡 
chalk
粉笔→a
chalk
一支粉笔 
hair
头发→a
hair
一根头发
③抽象名词与a(an)连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。例如:
?Being
able
to
afford
a
drink
would
be
a
comfort
in
those
tough
times.
在那些艰难的时期,能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。
(3)“of+抽象名词”相当于形容词。能用在此结构中的抽象名词有importance,
value,
use,
significance,
help
等。
?It’s
of
no
practical
use
to
me.?这对我没什么实际用途。
?The
work
I
am
doing
is
not
of
much
value.?我做的工作没有多大价值。
1.
(2020年全国I卷.语法填空)The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
of
particular
_________(interesting)
to
scientists
because
it
has
a
lot
of
deep
craters(环形山),
more
so
_____than
the
familiar
near
side.
【答案】interest
【解析】
此题考查的是“be
of
+(形容词)+抽象名词”的用法。设空处作介词of
的宾语,根据提示词可知设空处需填名词形式,故填名词interest.
2.
(2020年全国Ⅲ卷.语法填空)Filled
with
_________(curious),
the
artist
packed
his
bag
and
left.
【答案】C
【解析】
此题考查不可数名词。句意:心中充满了好奇,这位画家收拾好行囊就出发了。设空处充当了with的宾语,所以要用所给词的名词形式。故填curiosity.
3.
Your?advise?is?of?little?____.it?doesn't?help?to?improve?our?English.
A.
useful???
?B.
uselessness??
C.
importance??
D.
helpless
【答案】C
【解析】
此题考查的是“be
of
+(形容词)+抽象名词”的用法。useful
和helpless为形容词,故排除A和D,
根据后半句知“建议不能帮助我们提高英语成绩”,前半句也应该表示否定意义,
little
本来就表否定意义,而uselessness又是否定意义,故排除B.
4.
She
has
gained
many
unforgettable
_____
about
animals
when
_____
in
the
forest
doing
research.
A.
experiences;
stayed
B.
experiences;
staying
C.
experience;
stayed
D.
experience;
staying
【答案】B
【解析】根据句意可知,experience在这里表示经历,因此为可数名词,所以排除C项和D项。When引导的从句其实是when
she
is
staying
in
the
forest
doing
research.当主句主语和从句主语一致,并且从句中有系动词时,可以把从句中的主语连同系动词一起省略,故用staying。所以B项正确。句意:当停留在森林里做研究时,她已经获得了许多关于动物的难忘的经历。
3.
表示数量的词(组)与名词的搭配
◆修饰可数的量词:
a
number
of,
the
number
of,
many,
a
great/good
many
few
,
a
few,
several
◆修饰不可数的量词:
a
large
amount
of
,
huge
amounts
of,
a
great
deal
of,
much,
too
much
little,
a
little
◆两个皆可修饰的量词:some,
a
lot
of,
lots
of,
plenty
of
,
quantity
of
1.
-’s所有格
①用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况,即表示各自的所有关系时,要分别在并列名词后加-’s
或’;表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加-’s或’。
?Tom’s
and
Jim’s
rooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。
?Tom
and
Jim’s
room.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。
②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时,名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。
at
the
barber’s在理发店
at
the
teacher’s在老师办公室
2.
of所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。
the
content
of
the
novel小说的内容
the
name
of
the
girl
over
there那边那位女孩的名字
3.
双重所有格
指"名词+of+名词所有格"或"名词+of+名词性物主代词"。
a
play
of
Shakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧)
a
friend
of
mine(我的一个朋友)
1.(2018·全国新课标卷II·短文改错)When
I
was
little,
Friday’s
night
was
our
family
game
night.
【答案】Friday’s改为Friday。
【解析】考查名词的格。名词作定语,往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、目的或用途、材料或来源等。名词所有格作定语则强调与被修饰的词的所有关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系。此处表示“星期五晚上”,并不是所有关系,故把Friday’s改为Friday。
2.
   ?mother
was
unconscious
for
five
hours
after
being
admitted
to
hospital.
A.
John
and
Mary
B.
John’s
and
Mary’s
C.
John’s
and
Mary
D.
John
and
Mary’s
【答案】D
【解析】句意:约翰和玛丽的妈妈被接收入院后五个小时都不省人事。此处主语是单数名词,表示"约翰和玛丽共有的妈妈",所以只在最后一个名词词尾加-’s。如表示"他们各自的母亲",则用John’s
and
Mary’s
mothers。
1.
直接作定语,
通常用单数形式。
college
students大学生
girl
friend女友
vegetable
garden菜园
basketball
match篮球赛
?Let’s
stop
by
the
book
store
on
the
way
home.回家的路上,我们的书店停一下吧!
?He
bought
the
shoes
in
that
shoe
shop.
这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。
2.
名词所有格作定语。
students’
books学生用书
China’s
capital中国的首都
the
world’s
population世界人口
3.
man,woman,gentleman作定语
man,woman,gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式,但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。
?He
said
that
two
women
doctors
would
come
to
our
village
the
next
day.
他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。
?There
are
many
men
teachers
in
our
school.
我们学校有很多男教师。
4.
某些常用复数的名词用作定语
某些常用复数的名词,当它们用作定语时,也须用复数形式。
arms
production
武器生产
clothes
shop服装商店
sales
department营业部
a
goods
train货车
savings
bank
储蓄所
foreign
languages
department外语系
5.
单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。
?Learning
Skills
center学习技巧交流中心
The
Boys
Club
男孩俱乐部
6.
表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯。
a
peasant
family/boy(peasant习惯直接作定语)
a
worker’s
family(worker习惯用所有格作定语)
7.
两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。
women
drivers女司机
the
woman’s
driver这位妇女的司机
girl
friend女朋友
the
girl’s
friend
这女孩的朋友
mother
tongue母语
mother’s
tongue母亲的舌头
8.
名词与其同根形容词都可以作定语,但意思上往往有差别:用名词作定语时,表示被修饰的名词的质地
或性质;用名词的同根形容词作定语,则说明被修饰的名词的特征。
gold
watch
金表
(指手表是含金的)
golden
watch
金色的表
(指表是金色的,但不一定含金)
(2018·浙江卷)Researchers
have
found
that
there
is
a
direct
link
between
the
increase
in
food
eaten
outside
the
home
and
the
rise
in
___64___(weigh)
problems.
【答案】weight
【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题,用名词修饰problems,故填weight。
高考主谓一致的知识结构
一致原则
考点详解
例句
语法一致
1.
以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。
His
father
is
working
on
the
farm.To
study
English
well
is
not
easy.What
he
said
is
very
important
for
us
all.The
children
were
in
the
classroom
two
hours
ago.
Reading
in
the
sun
is
bad
for
your
eyes.
2.
由连接词and或both
……
and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。
Lucy
and
Lily
are
twins.
She
and
I
are
classmates.The
boy
and
the
girl
were
surprised
when
they
heard
the
news.
Both
she
and
he
are
Young
Pioneers.
3.
主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with,together
with,except,but,like,as
well
as,rather
than,more
than,no
less
than,
besides,including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。
Mr.
Green,together
with
his
wife
and
children,has
come
to
China.
Nobody
but
Jim
and
Mike
was
on
the
playground.She,like
you
and
Tom,is
very
tall.
4.
either,neither,each,every
或no
+单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。
Each
of
us
has
a
new
book.Everything
around
us
is
matter.
5.
在定语从句中,关系代词that,who,
which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
He
is
one
of
my
friends
who
are
working
hard.
He
is
the
only
one
of
my
friends
who
is
working
hard.
6.
如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family,
class,
crowd,
committee,
population,
audience等。
Class
Four
is
on
the
third
floor.
Class
Four
are
unable
to
agree
upon
a
monitor.注:people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如:The
police
are
looking
for
the
lost
child.
7.
由“a
lot
of,lots
of,plenty
of,the
rest
of,the
majority
of
+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
There
are
a
lot
of
people
in
the
classroom.
The
rest
of
the
lecture
is
wonderful.
50%
of
the
students
in
our
class
are
girls.注:a
number
of
与the
number
of的区别
8.
在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
There
comes
the
bus.
On
the
wall
are
many
pictures.
Such
is
the
result.
Such
are
the
facts.
逻辑一致
1.
what,
who,
which,
any,
more,
all等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。
Which
is
your
bag?Which
are
your
bags?All
is
going
well.
All
have
gone
to
Beijing.
2.
表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。
Thirty
minutes
is
enough
for
the
work.Ten
miles
is
too
long.
3.
若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
“The
Arabian
Nights”
is
an
interesting
story-book.
4.
表数量的短语“one
and
a
half”后接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数形式。
One
and
a
half
apples
is
left
on
the
table.
一致原则
考点详解
例句
逻辑一致
5.
算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。
Twelve
plus
eight
is
twenty.Fifty-six
divided
by
eight
is
seven.
6.
一些学科名词是以
–ics
结尾,如:mathematics,politics,physics
以及news,
works等,都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
The
paper
works
was
built
in
1990.I
think
physics
isn‘t
easy
to
study.
7.
trousers,
glasses,
clothes,
shoes,jeans
等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a(the)
pair
of等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
My
glasses
are
broken.
The
pair
of
shoes
under
the
bed
is
his.?
8.
“定冠词the
+
形容词或分词”,表示某一类人时,动词用复数。
The
old
are
taken
good
care
of.
9.
a
(large)
quantity
of
修饰可数或不可数名词,
作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
A
large
quantity
of
people
is
needed
here.注意:quantities一般用复数。Quantities
of
food
(nuts)
were
on
the
table.
10.
a
great
deal
of,
a
large
amount
of
修饰不可数名词,
作主语时,
谓语动词通常用单数;
large
amounts
of
修饰不可数名词,
作主语时,
谓语动词通常用复数。
A
large
amount
of
(A
great
deal
of)
damage
was
done
in
a
very
short
time.Large
amounts
of
money
were
spent
on
the
bridge.
就近一致
1.
当两个主语由either

or,
neither

nor,whether

or
…,not
only
…but
also连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
Either
the
teacher
or
the
students
are
our
friends.Neither
they
nor
he
is
wholly
right.
2.
there
be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
There
are
two
chairs
and
a
desk
in
the
room.Here引导的句子用法同上。如:Here
is
a
map
and
a
handbook
for
you.
一、语法一致
语法一致:就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1. 单数n.,不可数n., 不定式,动名词或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数。
?His
father
is
working
on
the
farm.
?
Time
is
money.
?
To
finish
all
the
work
on
time
is
impossible.
?Reading
in
the
sun
is
bad
for
your
eyes.
?The
children
are
in
the
classroom
2
hours
ago.
◆由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的
并列结构时,谓语动词用复数。
 
?What
I
bought
were
3
English
books.
?What
I
say
and
do
are
helpful
to
you.
2.由and
或both...and
连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。
 
?Lucy
and
Lily
are
twins.
?She
and
I
are
friends.
?Both
she
and
he
are
Young
Pioneers.
◆如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就用单数。
?The
writer
and
artist
has
come.
◆由and
连接的并列单数主语前分别有each,
every,
no
more
than
a(an),
many
a(an)修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
 
?Every
student
and
every
teacher
was
in
the
room.
?No
boy
and
no
girl
likes
it.
3.主语后面有with,
together
with,
except,
but,
like,
as
well
as,
rather
than,
more
than,
no
less
than,
besides,
including等引起的短语时,谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。
?Mr
Green,
together
with
his
wife
and
children,
has
come
to
China.
?Nobody
but
Jim
and
Mike
was
on
the
playground. 
?She,
like
you
and
Tom,
is
very
tall.
4.either,
neither,
each,
every或no+单数neither/neither/none
of
+复数名词,还有some,
any,
no,
every
构成的复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
 ?Each
of
us
has
a
new
book.
?Everything
around
us
is
matter.
 ?Neither
of
the
texts
is
interesting.
None
of
us
has
been
to
South
Africa.
5.定语从句中,关系代词that,
which,
who
作主语时,谓语动词的数和先行词一致。
 ?He
is
one
of
my
students
who
are
working
hard.
?He
is
the
only
one
of
my
friends
who
is
working
hard.
1.(2020全国I卷.语法填空)"because
it
67.
(mean)
we
have
the
chance
to
obtain
information
about
how
the
moon
68.
(construct)"
【答案】67.means;
68.
is
constructed;
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle
Pieters说:“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This
really
excites
scientists”可知,此处也使用一般现在时,主语是it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means,故填means。
68.
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句谓语动词,谓语construct与主语the
moon之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语the
moon是单数,故填is
constructed。
2.(2020山东新高考.语法填空)Often,
only
a
small
part
of
a
museum’s
collection
41.
(be)
on
display.
【答案】is
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,主语a
small
part
of
a
museum’s
collection是单数概念,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式,且后面的Most
of
it
is
stored
away
or
used
for
research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
3.(2018·新课标卷I·语法填空)While
running
regularly
can’t
make
you
live
forever,
the
review
says
it
64
(be)
more
effective
at
lengthening
life
65
(than)
walking,
cycling
or
swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。医学报告显示:跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实,故用一般现在时,且主语是it,表示单数概念。故填is。
4.
He
is
one
of
the
most
selfish
men
that
_______
ever
lived;
that’s
why
hardly
_______
making
friends
with
him.
A.
has;anyone
likes
B.
have;does
anyone
like
C.
has;no
one
likes
D.
have;anyone
likes
【答案】D
【解析】考查主谓一致。that引导的定语从句修饰的是名词复数men,因此定语从句的谓语动词应用have。第一个空考查的是定语从句中谓语动词的单复数,one
of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词,因此第一个空用have;后半句译为"那就是几乎没有任何人和他交朋友的原因",hardly表示"几乎不",根据句意,后面应是肯定句,故排除C项;hardly作为否定副词放在句首时,句子才使用倒装语序,因此排除B项。故选D项。
5.集体名词family,
class,
crowd,
committee,
population,
audience等,指整体时,用单数;指集体的成员时,用复数。
?His
family
is
a
happy
one.
 ?The
whole
family
are
watching
TV.
 ?The
population
of
China
is
1400
million.(人口)
 ?One
third
of
the
population
here
are
workers.(人)
◆people,
cattle,
police作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
6.由 a
lot
of,
lots
of,
plenty
of,
the
rest
of,
the
majority
of
+名词,或者是分数/百分数+名词构成的短语作主语,谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。
?The
rest
of
the
lecture
is
wonderful.
?A
lot
of
time
is
wasted.
?A
lot
of
people
take
part
in
the
meeting.
?2/3
water
is
drunk
by
him.
?2/3
students
are
absent.
7.倒装句中,谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。
 ?On
the
wall
are
many
pictures.
?Such
is
the
result.
?Such
are
the
facts.
1.(2019年全国I卷.语法填空)Of
__the___nineteen
recognized
polar
bear
subpopulations,
three
are
declining,
six_____(70)
stable,one
is
increasing,
and
nine
lack
enough
data.
【答案】are。
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。
根据设空前后与本空并列的谓语动词的时态可知,本空需要一般现在时;主语是six
(subpopulations),
故填are.
二、意义一致原则
1.表示时间、度量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语,因为其在概念上是一个整体,谓语动词用单数。
 ?Twenty
minutes
is
enough
for
the
work.
?One
hundred
dollars
is
stolen
from
the
ATM.
2.如果是书名,片名,格言,剧名,报名,国名等的复数形式作主语,谓语动词用单数。
 ?The
Arabian
Nights
is
an
interesting
story
book.
one
and
a
half
+复数n.,谓语动词用单数。
 ?One
and
a
half
apples
is
left
on
the
table.
3.算是中表示数目通常用单数(加减乘除)
4.表示学科的以-ics结尾的名词作主语,用单数。
 ?Physics
is
an
important
subject
in
middle
schools.
?Mathematics
is
the
study
of
numbers.
?Politics,
economics,
athletics等。
5.复数形式的单复数同形的名词作主语,意义一致。
?The
glass
works
was
built
up
in
1980.
?These
glass
works
are
near
the
railway
station.
6.由两部分组成的名词,trousers,
glasses,
shorts,
scissors等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。a
pair
of
等量词时,视情况而定。
7.The

adj.
表示一类人,作主语时用复数。
 
?The
young
are
usually
very
active.
?The
old
are
lonely.
三、就近一致原则
就近一致:在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1.
当两个主语由either

or,
neither

nor,whether

or
…,not
only
…but
also连接时,谓语动词和邻
近的主语一致。
?Neither
his
parents
nor
I
am
able
to
persuade
him
to
change
his
mind.
他的父母和我都不能说服他改变注意。
2.
there
be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个
主语保持一致。
?There
are?two?pens,a?book?and?three?pencils?on?the?desk.
书桌上有两支钢笔,一本书和三支铅笔。
?There?is
a?book,two?pens?and?three?pencils?on?the?desk.?
书桌上有一本书,两支钢笔和三支铅笔。?
3.
在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
?Here
is
a
map
and
a
handbook
for
you.
这是一张你的地图和一本手册。
Such
are
the
facts.
事实就是如此。
4.
就远原则:谓语动词与前面主语一致。
主语后面接连接性短语时,这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系,即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。此类连接性短语有as?well?as,as?much?as,along?with,with,like,rather?than,?together?with,but,except,besides,including,in?addition?to等。
?Your?sister?as?well?as?your?parents?is?very?kind?to?me.你姐姐和你父母一样,对我很好。
?She,like?you?and?betty,is?very?clever.像你和betty一样,她也很聪明。?
The
father
as
well
as
his
three
children
___________
skating
on
the
frozen
river
every
Sunday
afternoon
in
winter.
A.is
going
B.go
C.goes
D.are
going
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:在冬天的每个星期天下午,这位父亲和他的三个孩子都去结冰的河面上滑冰。当
as
well
as
连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的数应与as
well
as前面的名词或代词保持一致。本题的谓语动词应与The
father保持一致,用单数形式;由时间状语
every
Sunday
afternoon可知,本句应用一般现在时。故选C项。
四、
"名词+介词短语"作主语
名词或代词后接as
well
as,with,along
with,together
with,except,but等短语作主语时,谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。
?She
as
well
as
other
students
likes
playing
computer
games.
她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。
?He
with
his
parents
is
working
in
the
fields.
他正和他的父母在地里干活。
?Nobody
but
you
and
me
knows
it.
除了你和我,没人知道。
五、不定代词作主语
1.
当作主语的名词前有each,neither,either,every修饰或each,neither,either作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
?Each
student
has
a
book.
每一个学生都有一本书。
?Either
answer
is
correct.
两个答案都是正确的。
?Neither
parent
is
with
him.
他的父母都没有和他在一起。
?Every
minute
is
important
to
us.
每一分钟对大家都很重要。
2.
当复合不定代词someone,anyone,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,something,anything,nothing,everything等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
?Somebody
is
waiting
for
you
outside.
有人在外面等你。
?Is
everybody
here
today?
今天大家都到了吗?
?Something
is
wrong
with
my
watch.
我的手表出故障了。
?Nobody
was
away
yesterday.
昨天没有人离开。
All
we
need
_________
a
small
piece
of
land
where
we
can
plant
various
kinds
of
fruit
trees
throughout
the
growing
seasons
of
the
year.
A.are
B.
was
C.
is
D.
were
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致及时态用法。句中的主语为代词all,代指的是物,故谓语动词用单数形式。再根据从句中的can可以判断用一般现在时。句意:我们所需要的是一小块土地,在整个一年的生长季节,我们能够种各种不同的水果树。故C正确。
六、特殊名词作主语
1.
国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时,即使其形式上是复数,谓语动词也要用单数。
?The
United
States
lies
to
the
east
of
China.
美国在中国的东方。(国名)
?Engels
was
good
at
learning
foreign
languages.
恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名)
2.
"the+形容词"作主语时,表示某类人,谓语动词用复数。
?The
sick
are
taken
good
care
of.
病人得到很好的照顾。
?The
old
are
supposed
to
be
spoken
to
politely.
跟老人讲话要有礼貌。
3.
以-s结尾的学科名词,如maths,physics,politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词,如news,plastics等作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。
?Physics
is
very
difficult
for
me
to
learn.
物理对我来讲很难学。
?The
news
was
very
exciting.
这条新闻十分激动人心。
4.
单复数形式相同的名词,如Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。
?A
Chinese
wants
to
see
you.
一个中国人想见你。
?Ten
sheep
are
eating
grass
there.
那边有10只绵羊在吃草。
【注意】Chinese,Japanese,English等前加the表示一国人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
The
Chinese
speak
Chinese.
中国人说汉语。
七、表数量概念的词或短语作主语
1.
表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时,通常看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。
?Ten
years
has
passed
quickly.
10年很快就过去了。
?Ten
dollars
is
enough.
10美元就够了。
?100
kilometers
is
a
long
way.
100千米是一段很长的路。
2.
加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数,其中加法与乘法也可用复数。
?Two
and
two
is/are
four.
2加2等于4。
?Six
times
one
is/are
six.
6乘以1等于6。
3.
"many
a/more
than
one+单数名词"作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
?There
is
more
than
one
answer.
有不止一个答案。
?Many
a
student
has
passed
the
exam.
许多学生通过了考试。
4.
"one
and
a
half+复数名词"作主语时,谓语用单数。
?One
and
a
half
days
is
all
I
can
spare.
一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。
?One
and
a
half
pears
is
left
on
the
plate.
一个半梨被留在盘子里。
5.
the
rest
of...
短语作主语时,如果of后接复数名词,谓语用复数;如果of后接不可数名词,谓语用单数。
?The
rest
of
the
bikes
are
on
sale.
余下的自行车降价出售。
?The
rest
of
the
bread
is
gone.
剩余的面包不见了。
6.
"none
of+复数名词"作主语时,谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。
?None
of
the
dogs
was/were
there.
那儿没有狗。
7.
"a
number
of+名词复数"表示"许多/大量的……",其后的谓语动词用复数;"the
number
of+名词复数"表示"……的数量",其中心词为number,故谓语动词用单数。
?A
number
of
farmers
are
standing
over
there.
许多农民站在那边。
?The
number
of
the
students
in
this
school
has
reached
over
2,000.
这所学校的学生数量已达到2
000多人。
8.
"a
lot
of/lots
of/plenty
of+名词"作主语,谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数;如果of后是复数名词,谓语动词用复数。
?A
lot
of
time
is
needed.
需要大量的时间。
?Plenty
of
workers
are
working.
许多工人在工作。
八、动名词、不定式和从句作主语
动名词、不定式或从句作主语时,谓语一般用单数。
?Doing
morning
exercises
is
good
for
your
body.
做早操对你的身体有益。
?To
play
with
fire
near
a
gas
station
is
very
dangerous.
在加油站附近玩火很危险。
?What
he
said
at
the
meeting
is
very
important.
他在会上的发言很重要。
The
university
estimates
that
living
expenses
for
international
students
________
around
$8,450
a
year,
which
________
a
burden
for
some
of
them.
A.
are;is
B.
are;are
C.
is;are
D.
is;is
【答案】A 
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:那所大学估计,对国际学生来说,一年的生活开销大约是8450美元,这对他们中某些学生来说是一个负担。第一空的主语是living
expenses,是复数,因此谓语动词用复数;第二空的主语是which,指代的是前面整个句子,因此谓语动词用单数。
一、名词类别间的互换
个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换
例???句
意??义
名词性质
①She
held
some?flowers?in
her
hand.②The
trees
are
now
in?flower
花儿
个体名词
开花
抽象名词
①Youth?is
beautiful.②He
is
a?youth?of
twenty
青春
抽象名词
年轻人
个体名词
①They
have
achieved
remarkable?success?in
their
work.②—How
about
the
Christmas
evening
party??—I
should
say
it
was
a
success.
成功
抽象名词
成功的事
个体名词
物质名词与个体名词的相互转换
例???句
意??义
名词性质
①Iron?is
a
kind
of
metal.②Please
lend
me
your?iron.

物质名词
熨斗
个体名词
①He
broke
a
piece
of?glass.②He
broke
a?glass.
玻璃
物质名词
玻璃杯
个体名词
①I
bought
a
chicken
this
morning②Please
help
yourself
to
some?chicken
小鸡
个体名词
鸡肉
物质名词
抽象名词与个体名词的转换
具有动作意义的抽象名词加用与某些动词(如:have等)连用,表示某一次短暂的动作
①—I’d
like______information
about
the
management
of
your
hotel,please.—Well,
you
could
have____word
with
the
manager.
He
might
be
helpfulA.some,a??????B.an,some
?????C.some,some
????D.an,a②They
sent
us????????word
of
the
latest
happenings.?消息?(抽象名词)A.a???????????B.an???????????C./?????????????D.the③Could
we
have?????????word
before
you
go
to
the
meeting??话(个体名词)A.a???????????B.an???????????C./?????????????D.the类例:have
a
dream/a
rest/a
smoke/a
swim/a
trip/a
wash/a
discussion/a
looktake
a
walk/a
bath
?make
an
advance(进步)/make
an
early
start(早点出发)/make
a
decision/make
a
change/give
a
cry
of
pain(发出痛苦的叫声)
/give
a
try
表示知识和时间的抽象名词转换为普通名词时可以用来表示其中的一部分
①Many
people
agree
that___knowledge
of
English
is
a
must
in____international
trade
today.A.a,??/??????????B.the,
an
????????C.the,
the
????????D.
/,
thea
knowledge
of
truth(知道实际情况)give
a
fuller
knowledge
of
China(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识)have
a
knowledge
of
shorthand(有速记的知识)②If
there
were
no
examination,
we
should
have______at
school.A.the
happiest
time????B.a
more
happier
time??C.much
happiest
time??D.a
much
happier
time③?????????is
money.??A.The
time?????????B.A
time??????C.Time??????D.Times
抽象名词转换为普通名词可用来表示“一次、一阵、一种”具体的行为、事件、现象或结果。这时名词前往往有形容词修饰
①Oh,
John.
_____you
gave
me!A.How
a
pleasant
surprise
????B.How
pleasant
surpriseC.What
a
pleasant
surprise?????D.
What
pleasant
surprise②She
looked
up???????????when
I
shouted.A.in
a
surprise??????B.in
the
surprise??????C.in
surprise???????D.in
some
surprise其它例子:The
gift
came
as
a
complete
surprise
to
me.
We
have
had
some
unpleasant
surprise③It
is_____work
of
art
that
everyone
wants
to
have
a
look
at
it.A.so
unusual????????B.
such
unusual??????C.such
an
unusual???D.so
an
unusual
二、
主谓一致的其他情况
其他情况
例句
and连接并列主语时,谓语动词常常使用复数;但是and连接的并列主语指同一人、同一物时,谓语使用单数。
The
writer
and
teacher
is
coming.
那位作家兼教师来了(作家和教师指同一个人)The
writer
and
the
teacher
are
coming.
作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
"单数名词或代词+名词或代词+but/besides/except/including/like/with/along
with/as
well
as
/rather
than/such
as/together
with+名词或代词作主语,谓语使用单数形式,如果之前的名词或代词是复数,则谓语使用复数。
Mike
with
his
father
has
been
to
England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike,
like
his
brother,enjoys
playing
football.
迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
"the
number
of+复数名词"作主语谓语用单数;
"a(good/large)
number
of+复数名词"作主语,谓语动词用复数。
The
number
of
the
students
is
over
eight
hundred.
学生人数超过八百。A
number
of
teachers
are
present
today,and
the
number
of
them
is
500.
许多教师今天都出席了,有500人。
由两个相同部分组成的一个整体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数,如chopsticks,glasses,shoes,socks,stockings,
trousers,
boots等。若此类名词被"a
kind
of/a
pair
of’’修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
The
scissors
are
on
the
shelf
next
to
the
cupboard.
剪刀在橱柜旁边的架子上。A
pair
of
glasses
costs
quite
a
lot
these
days.
近些天,眼镜的售价很高。
当not
only...
but
also...,not...
but...,or,either...
or….,neither...
nor...等连接并列主语时,以及在there
be句型中,谓语动词的单复数形式采用就近一致原则。
Neither
Jack
and
I
have
seen
this
film.杰克和我都没有看过这部电影Either
you
or
he
is
to
attend
the
meeting
tomorrow.或者是你或者是他去参加明天的会议。
某些集体名词class,
club,
family,
team,
group等作主语时,谓语动词采用意义一致原则,即依据名词的具体含义来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。
The
company
has
grown
rapidly
in
the
last
five
years.这家公司五年来迅速发展壮大。The
family
are
celebrating
Thanksgiving
in
this
picture.在这张相片里,全家人正在庆祝感恩节。
【知识拓展】如果这一类集体名词作为一个整体看待时,谓语动词使用单数形式,如果这一类词指的是具体成员,则谓语动词应该使用复数形式。
【巧学妙记】
主谓一致记忆口诀单单复复最常见,集体名词谓用单。如若强调其成员,复数谓语记心间。有些名词谓常复,people、police即这般。主语单数后接介,谓语单数介无关。many
a作主语也如此,谓语动词应用单。or、nor、but
also、there
be,近主原则挂嘴边。关系代词定主语,谓语根据先行词判。不定式短语、动名词,主语从句谓全单。时间、货币与距离,谓语多单复少见,rest,means,following等,意义决定其复、单。none,all,half
of等,of之宾语定答案。还有分数、百分数,仍据of之宾定复、单。代词all指人谓复数,all指事情谓用单。量词用法请注意,谓语要随量词变。and连接两名词,身兼两职一定冠。no,each,every后单名,两种事物一概念。以上情况请记清,谓语动词全用单。形容词带the一类人,姓氏复数加定冠,-s结尾的海峡、山脉与群岛,谓语用复勿用单。代词neither,either,each,用作主语谓全单。
题组一
真题在线
1.(2020·江苏卷·单项填空)
The
health
security
systems
of
many
countries
are
undergoing
considerable
______.
A.
reservation
B.
transformation
C.
distinction
D.
submission
2.(2020·天津卷·单项填空)His
vivid
descriptions
of
country
life
quickly
became
popular,
which
established
his
_____________as
one
of
America's
greatest
writers.
A.
trust
B.
contact
C.
reputation
D.
theory
3.(2019·江苏卷·单项填空)
Nowadays
the
___________
for
travelling
is
shifted
from
shopping
to
food
and
scenery.
A.
priority
B.
potential
C.
proportion
D.
pension
4.(2019·天津卷·单项填空)We
can
observe
that
artificial
intelligence
has
already
made
a(n)
___________on
our
lives
in
many
ways.
A.
statement
B.
impact
C.
impression
D.
judgment
5.
(2018·天津卷)The__________
that
there
is
life
on
other
planets
in
the
universe
has
always
inspired
scientists
to
explore
the
outer
space.
A.
advice
B.
order
C.
possibility
D.
invitation
6.(2018·江苏卷)Try?to?understand?what’s?actually
happening
instead
of
acting
on
the
_______
you’ve
made.
A.
assignment
B.
association
C.
acquisition
D.
assumption
7.(2017·江苏)The
publication
of
Great
Expectations,
which
____________
both
widely
reviewed
and
highly
praised,
strengthened
Dickens,
status
as
a
leading
novelist.
A.
is
B.
are
C.
was
D.
were
8.
(2017·天津)Nowadays,
cycling,
along
with
jogging
and
swimming,
___________
as
one
of
the
best
all-round
forms
of
exercise.
A.
regard
B.
is
regarded
C.
are
regarded
D.
regards
9.(2016·浙江)It
is
important
to
pay
your
electricity
bill
on
time
,
as
late
payments
may
affect
your
______.
A.
condition
B.
income
C.
credit
D.
status
10.(2016·天津)The
weather
forecast
says
it
will
be
cloudy
with
a
slight
_____
of
rain
later
tonight.
A.
effect
B.
sense
C.
change
D.
chance
11.(2016·江苏)

Can
you
tell
us
your
for
happiness
and
a
long
life?

Living
every
day
to
the
full,
definitely.
A.
recipe
B.
record
C.
range
D.
receipt
12.(2015·湖北)When
he
was
running
after
his
brother,
the
boy
lost
his
___
and
had
a
bad
fall.
A.
balance
B
.chance
C
.memory
D
.place
13.(2015·湖北)He
gave
himself
a
new
name
to
hide
his
____
when
he
went
to
carry
out
the
secret
task.
A.
emotion
B.
talent
C.
identity
D.
treasure
14.(2015·安徽)There
is
no
need
to
tell
me
your
answer
now.
Give
it
some
______
and
then
let
me
know.
A.
thought
B.
support
C.
protection
D.
authority
15.(2015·江苏)—Go
and
say
sorry
to
your
Mom,
Dave.
—I’d
like
to,
but
I’m
afraid
she
won’t
be
happy
with
my
______
.
A.
requests
B.
excuses
C.
apologies
D.
regrets
16.(2015·江苏)Some
schools
will
have
to
make
______
in
agreement
with
the
national
soccer
reform.
A.
judgments
B.
adjustments
C.
comments
D.
achievements
17.(2015·福建)The
failure
was
a
big
__________to
him,
but
he
wasn’t
discouraged
and
soon
got
as
enthusiastic
as
ever.
A.
blow
B.
issue
C.
excuse
D.
Factor
18.(2015·浙江)One
of
the
most
effective
ways
to
reduce
is
to
talk
about
feeling
with
someone
you
trust.
A.
production
B.
stress
C.
energy
D.
passive
题组二
名校模拟
Ⅰ.
单项填空
1.
The
shoes
were
covered
with
mud,
so
I
asked
them
to
take
them
off
before
they
got
into
car.
A.
girl’s;
Tom’s
B.
girls’;
Toms’
C.
girls’;
Tom’s
D.
girl’s;
Toms’
2.
She
has
gained
many
unforgettable
_____
about
animals
when
_____
in
the
forest
doing
research.
A.
experiences;
stayed
B.
experiences;
staying
C.
experience;
stayed
D.
experience;
staying
3.
He
found
a
lot
of
were
.
A.
passers-by;
grown-ups
B.
passer-bys;
growns-up
C.
passer-bys;
grown-ups
D.
passers-by;
growns-up
4.
We
already
have
pencils,
but
we
need
two
pens.
A.
dozen
of;
dozen
B.
dozens
of;
dozens
C.
dozens
of;
dozen
D.
dozen;
dozen
5.
It
is
believed
that
very
little
_____has
been
made
of
the
waste
materials
from
factories
in
the
past
decades,
which
on
the
contrary
has
brought
pollution
to
the
environment.
A.
cost
B.
use
C.
value
D.
action
6.
Lots
of
campaigns
have
occurred
in
China
to
defend
the
Nansha
Islands
recently.
What
is
your
_________
of
the
situation?
A.
intention
B.
assessment
C.
attitude
D.
appointment
7.So
far
as
I
know,
a
number
of
the
students
in
our
school
___________
from
the
suburb
and
the
number
of
them
___________
500.
A.
come;is
B.
comes;are
C.
comes;is
D.
come;are
8.The
teacher
along
with
her
students
___________
the
Palace
Museum
when
we
came
across
her.
A.
were
visiting
B.
was
visiting
C.
has
visited
D.
have
visited
9.Not
even
one
of
the
hundred
students
who
took
the
test
passed.
A.
has
B.
have
C.
is
D.
are
10.In
front
of
the
pine
trees
a
family,
members
are
always
friendly
to
their
neighbors.
A.
lives;where
B.
live,
whose
C.
lives,
whose
D.
live;where
11.Contrary
to
what
we
had
expected,
the
noodles
and
rice
they
served
on
the
plane
quite
delicious.
A.
are
B.is
C.
were
D.
was
12.The
professor,
____
some
of
his
assistants
,
_____
to
attend
our
discussion.
A.
and;
is
B.as
well
as;
is
C.
or
;
are
D.
except
for;
are
13.One
third
of
the
country
___
covered
with
trees
and
the
majority
of
citizens
___
Han
people.
A.is
;
are
B.is;is
C.
are;are
D.
are;is
14.The
university
estimates
that
living
expenses
for
international
students
_________
around
$8,450
per
year,
which
_________
a
burden
for
some
of
them.
A.
are;
is
B.is;
are
C.is;
is
D.
are;
are
15.Either
you
or
one
of
your
assistants
_________
to
attend
the
meeting
that
is
due
tomorrow.
A.is
B.
are
C.
have
D.
would
Ⅱ.
语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Styrofoam
is
plastic? 1 a
bad
reputation.
It
cannot
be
recycled
without
releasing(释放)
dangerous
pollutants
into
the
air.
The
U.S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency? 2 (say)
it
is
the
fifth
largest
creator
of
dangerous
waste.
Scientists
from
the
U.S.
and
China
have
discovered
that
mealworms
can
digest
plastic.
One
mealworm
can
digest
a
pill-sized
amount
of
plastic
a
day.
Study
co-author
Wei-Min
Wu
says
that
in
24
hours,
the
plastic? 3 (turn)
into
carbon
dioxide.
Are
the
worms
hurt
by? 4 (eat)
plastic?
The
study
found
that
worms
eating
Styrofoam
were
as? 5 (health)
as
worms
eating
bran
(糠).
Styrofoam
is
a
lightweight
material,
about
95
percent
air,
with
very
good
insulation
properties
(绝缘性),according
to
Earthsource.
org.
It
is
used
in
products
from? 6 (cup)
that
keep
your
drinks
hot
or
cold
to
packaging
materials? 7 protect
items
during
shipping.
"Solving? 8 problem
of
plastic
pollution
is
important.
Landfill
space
is
becoming
limited,"
says
Wu,
a
Stanford
University
environmental
engineering
instructor.
About
33
million
tons
of
plastic
are
thrown
away
in
the
United
States
every
year.
Plastic
plates,
cups
and
containers
take? 9 25
percent
to
30
percent
of
space
in
America’s
landfills.
One
Styrofoam
cup
takes
more
than
1
million
years? 10 (recycle)
in
a
landfill,
according
to
Cleveland
State
University.
Ⅲ.
短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1.
每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.
只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
It
was
my
17th
birthday
and
I
was
looking
forward
to
see
my
friends.
I
arrived
at
my
favorite
restaurant,
waiting
for
him.
We
would
have
the
special
birthday
dinner.
I
looked
for
a
familiar
face
but
failed.
Soon
the
restaurant
was
filled
customers,
none
of
which
were
my
friends.
An
hour
later,
I
went
back
home,
lonely
and
disappointing.
To
my
great
surprise,
I
found
the
door
was
wide
open
while
I
arrived
home.
Nervously,
I
walk
into
the
dark
room.
Suddenly,
all
the
light
went
on
and
my
friends
were
appeared
shouting
‘‘surprise”.
I
had
an
unforgettable
birthday.
高考名词专练
1.
(2019·全国I卷)In
recent
years
some
Inuit
people
in
Nunavut
have
reported
increases
in
bear
sightings
around
human
settlements,
leading
to
a
(believe)
that
populations
are
increasing.
2.(2018·全国I卷)...reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all____(cause).
3.(2017江苏,34)The
disappearance
of
dinosaurs
is
not
necessarily
caused
by
astronomical
incidents.
But
alternative________________(explain)
are
hard
to
find.
4.(2016浙江,4)It
is
important
to
pay
your_________________
(electric)bill
on
time,
as
late
payments
may
affect
your
credit.
5.(2016江苏,24)——Can
you
tell
us
your
recipe
for_________________(happy)
and
a
long
life?
---
Living
every
day
to
the
full
,
definitely
.
6.(2016天津,2)The
dictionary
is
out
of_________________
:
many
words
have
been
added
to
the
language
since
it
was
published.
7.(2015安徽,30)There
is
no
need
to
tell
me
your
answer
now.
Give
it
some_________________
(
think
)
and
then
let
me
know
.
8.(2015湖北,21)When
he
was
running
after
his
brother,
the
boy
lost
his
_________________
(balanced)
and
had
a
bad
fall.
9.(2015湖北,22)He
gave
himself
a
new
name
to
hide
his_________________
(identify)
when
he
went
to
carry
out
the
secret
task.
10.(2015江苏,32)Some
schools
will
have
to
make_________________
(adjust)in
agreement
with
the
national
soccer
reform.
11.(2015江苏,35)——Go
and
say
sorry
to
your
Mom,
Dave.
-
I'd
like
to
,
but
I'm
afraid
she
won't
be
happy
with
my
_________________
(apologize).
12.(2015浙江,15)One
of
the
most
effective
ways
to
reduce_________________
(stressed)
is
to
talk
about
feelings
with
someone
you
trust.
13.(2014安徽,29)—Why
not
buy
a
second-hand
car
first
if
you
don't
have
enough
money
for
a
new
one?
-That's
a
good_________________(suggest)
14.(2014湖北,21)Her_________________
(motivate)for
writing
was
a
desire
for
women
to
get
the
right
to
higher
education.
15.(2013江西,22)Whenever
I
made
mistakes,
the
teacher
pointed
them
out
with
_________________
(patient).
16.(2013天津,7)While
she
was
in
Paris,
she
developed
a_________________
(tasty)for
fine
art.
考向1
名词的数
考向2
名词的格
考向3
名词作定语
考向4
主谓一致
难点剖析
检测训练解密02名词和主谓一致
【命题解读】
名词和主谓一致是历年高考的重要考点,常常出现在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错题型中。名词部分主要考查:
①名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配
②名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)
③名词的所有格
④抽象名词的具体化
⑤名词和冠词的搭配
高考关于主谓一致的考查主要集中在一下三个方面:
①语法一致
②意义一致
③就近原则
【命题预测】
语法填空对名词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点,主要集中在给出词根进行此类转化,根据习惯用法或固定短语确定名词,名词的复数形式,所有格形式的变化。主谓一致一般会与名词、动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。
【名师指导】
1.
整体把握,注意语境
从近年高考试题看,高考语法填空对名词的考查离不开具体的语境,在语境中考查名词的相关知识。做题时,既要全面、整体地看题干,还要注意分析句子成分,并根据提示词来确定名词的相关考点。通常,涉及名词考点的试题包括:
(1)根据语境判断名词的单复数;
(2)提示词是形容词、动词等此类,根据句子成分和词缀知识加上相应的后缀变成名词;
(3)名词的固定搭配;
(4)名词的所有格及名词的其他相关知识
2.
确定考点,注意搭配
语法填空对名词的考查涉及名词各方面的知识,解题时要注意首先根据提示信息确定考点,试题是考查名词的词类转换,还是考查复数名词、名词的所有格,还是考查主谓一致、名词的固定搭配等,确定了考点之后,再结合其他相关知识来做出正确解答。
3.
多记单词,积累词缀
高考对名词的考查注重基础,我们在平时的复习中要打好基础,掌握足够的考纲词汇,并熟知其常见搭配和用法,并注意熟练掌握常用的名词词缀知识。
4.
巧用就近原则
当主语是由or,
nor,
either…or,
neither…nor,
not
only…but
also连接的并列成分时以及在there
be句型中,谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则。
一、
名词的种类
专有名词
普通名词
国名地名人名,团体机构名称
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
抽象名词
物质名词
二、
名词的数
1.
可数名词的复数
(1)规则变化
情况
方法
例词
一般情况
加-s
students,teachers,doc
tors,tables
以s,x,ch,sh结尾
加-es
glasses,dishes,boxes,watches但stomach复数形式直接加s,即stomachs
以辅音字母+y结尾
变y为i再加-es
families,babies,armies,bodies
以元音字母+y结尾
加-s
boys,toys,pianos,photos
以f或fe结尾
大都变f或fe为v,再加-es
thieves,wives,knives,shelves,lives
少数加-s
beliefs,proofs,roofs,chiefs
以o结尾
通常加-s
radios,videos,zoos,tobaccos
有的加-es
heroes,potatoes,tomatoes
【名师点睛】
①以-o结尾的下列名词要加-es,它们是"黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿",即Negroes,heroes,echoes,
potatoes,tomatoes。
但下列以-o结尾的名词既可以加-es,也可以加-s,它们是:zeros(zeroes)零,mosquitos
(mosquitoes)
蚊子,volcanos(volcanoes)火山。
②以-f或-fe结尾的下列名词需要把f或fe去掉,加-ves,它们是"为了自己活命,小偷和他的妻子手
里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上,把狼劈成两半",即selves,lives,thieves,wives,knives,leaves,shelves,
wolves,halves。
但下列以-f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加-ves,也可以直接加-s,如:handkerchiefs
(handkerchieves)
手帕。
③名词前有man或woman修饰,变复数时,作定语的man
或woman和后面的名词都要变成复数。如:woman
doctor→women
doctors
(2)不规则变化
①自身有特殊变化的名词
child孩子→children 
man男人→men 
tooth牙→teeth
 
foot脚,英尺→feet 
mouse老鼠→mice 
phenomenon现象→phenomena 
medium传播媒介→media
②常见单复数同形的名词:
Chinese
中国人;sheep
绵羊;deer鹿;series
系列;means
方式;works
工厂;fish
鱼;fruit
水果等。
其中fish,fruit表示种类时,可加复数词尾,即fishes,fruits。
?Some
deer
are
eating
grass
at
the
bottom
of
the
hill.
?Every
possible
means
has
been
tried,
but
none
has
worked.
③合成名词的复数形式:
son-in-law

sons-in-law
passer-by

passers-by
story-teller

story-tellers
【名师点睛】
名词+名词时,仅将后面的名词变复数:girl
student

girl
students
但是man/woman+名词时,前后都要变为复数:
woman
singer

women
singers
1.
(2020年1月浙江卷·语法填空)For
Japan,
the
______(number)
are
more
striking-22
in
1950,
46
today
and
53
in
2050.
【答案】numbers。
【解析】考查名词复数。根据句中are
可知主语应该用名词复数形式。
2.
(2020年7月浙江)Later,
they
learned
to
work
with
the
_________(season),
【答案】seasons。
【解析】考查名词复数。后来他们随着季节的变更劳作。根据句意,一年有四季,故填名词复数,seasons。
3.
(2019新课标卷I·短文改错)All
the
player
on
the
playground
cheered
loudly.
【答案】player改为players。
【解析】考查名词复数。句意:操场上所有足球运动员都大声欢呼起来。根据all
可知player
要用复数形式。
4.(2018新课标卷I·语法填空)Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014___66(that
\which)___showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
A
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
___67___(cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明,仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步,就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
5.house
to
raise
dozens
of
chicken.
【答案】chicken改为chickens
【解析】考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅,还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的dozens
of可知,其后用名词复数形式。
6.
(2018·全国新课标卷Ⅱ·短文改错)After
supper,
we
would
play
card
games
of
all
sort
in
the
sitting
room.
【答案】sort改为sorts
【解析】sort在此意为“种类”,是可数名词,和all搭配时用复数形式。故将sort改为sorts.
7.(2018·浙江卷)Few
people
I
know
seem
to
have
much
desire
or
time
to
cook.
Making
Chinese
___56___(dish)
is
seen
as
especially
troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜,表示泛指应该用名词复数,故填dishes。
8.(2017·全国新课标卷I·语法填空)This
trend,
which
was
started
by
the
medical
community(医学界)
as
a
method
of
fighting
heart
disease,
has
had
some
unintended
side
62
(effect)
such
as
overweight
and
heart
disease

the
very
thing
the
medical
community
was
trying
to
fight.
【答案】effects
【解析】考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”,根据前文的some可知“side
effect”(副作用)有很多,故填effects。
9.(2017新课标卷Ⅱ·语法填空)In
1863the
first
underground
passenger
railway
in
the
world
opened
in
London.
It
ran
for
just
under
seven
kilometers
and
allowed
people
to
avoid
terrible
61
(crowd)
on
the
roads
above
as
they
travelled
to
and
from
work.
【答案】crowds
【解析】此处表示复数概念,crowd前没有冠词,且它是可数名词,故填crowds.
10.(2017新课标卷Ⅲ·语法填空)She
has
turned
down
several
67
(invitation)
to
star
at
shows
in
order
to
concentrate
on
her
studies.
【答案】invitations
【解析】考查名词单复数。several修饰可数名词复数形式,故填invitations。
11.(2016·全国新课标卷I·语法填空)Chengdu
has
dozens
of
new
millionaires,
Asia’s
biggest
building,
and
fancy
new
hotels.
But
for
tourists
like
me,
pandas
are
its
top
61
(attract)...
The
nursery
team
switches
him
every
few
69
(day)
with
his
sister
so
that
while
one
is
being
bottle-fed,
70(the)
other
is
with
mum

she
never
suspects.
61.【答案】attraction
【解析】考查名词。
形容词top后面跟名词形式。
69.【答案】days
【解析】考查名词复数。few修饰复数名词。
2.
不可数名词
(1)通常只用作不可数名词的名词:advice建议,
furniture家具,
fun乐趣;information信息,news新闻,
weather天气,
progress进步,wealth财富,value价值等。
(2)不可数名词具体化
①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用,常考的有:
单词
抽象名词意义
具体化名词意义
success
成功
成功的人或事
pleasure
乐趣
令人高兴的事
beauty
美;美丽
美丽的人或事物
comfort
安慰;慰藉
令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger
危险
危险的人或因素
delight
高兴
令人高兴的事
failure
失败
失败的人或事物
surprise
惊奇
令人惊奇的事情
shock
震惊
令人震惊的事情
pride
骄傲
令人骄傲的事情
Your
contribution
will
certainly
make
the
event
a
huge
success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
②物质名词具体化
drink饮料→two
drinks
两杯饮料 
coffee咖啡→a
coffee一杯咖啡 
chalk
粉笔→a
chalk
一支粉笔 
hair
头发→a
hair
一根头发
③抽象名词与a(an)连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。例如:
?Being
able
to
afford
a
drink
would
be
a
comfort
in
those
tough
times.
在那些艰难的时期,能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。
(3)“of+抽象名词”相当于形容词。能用在此结构中的抽象名词有importance,
value,
use,
significance,
help
等。
?It’s
of
no
practical
use
to
me.?这对我没什么实际用途。
?The
work
I
am
doing
is
not
of
much
value.?我做的工作没有多大价值。
1.
(2020年全国I卷.语法填空)The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
of
particular
_________(interesting)
to
scientists
because
it
has
a
lot
of
deep
craters(环形山),
more
so
_____than
the
familiar
near
side.
【答案】interest
【解析】
此题考查的是“be
of
+(形容词)+抽象名词”的用法。设空处作介词of
的宾语,根据提示词可知设空处需填名词形式,故填名词interest.
2.
(2020年全国Ⅲ卷.语法填空)Filled
with
_________(curious),
the
artist
packed
his
bag
and
left.
【答案】C
【解析】
此题考查不可数名词。句意:心中充满了好奇,这位画家收拾好行囊就出发了。设空处充当了with的宾语,所以要用所给词的名词形式。故填curiosity.
3.
Your?advise?is?of?little?____.it?doesn't?help?to?improve?our?English.
A.
useful???
?B.
uselessness??
C.
importance??
D.
helpless
【答案】C
【解析】
此题考查的是“be
of
+(形容词)+抽象名词”的用法。useful
和helpless为形容词,故排除A和D,
根据后半句知“建议不能帮助我们提高英语成绩”,前半句也应该表示否定意义,
little
本来就表否定意义,而uselessness又是否定意义,故排除B.
4.
She
has
gained
many
unforgettable
_____
about
animals
when
_____
in
the
forest
doing
research.
A.
experiences;
stayed
B.
experiences;
staying
C.
experience;
stayed
D.
experience;
staying
【答案】B
【解析】根据句意可知,experience在这里表示经历,因此为可数名词,所以排除C项和D项。When引导的从句其实是when
she
is
staying
in
the
forest
doing
research.当主句主语和从句主语一致,并且从句中有系动词时,可以把从句中的主语连同系动词一起省略,故用staying。所以B项正确。句意:当停留在森林里做研究时,她已经获得了许多关于动物的难忘的经历。
3.
表示数量的词(组)与名词的搭配
◆修饰可数的量词:
a
number
of,
the
number
of,
many,
a
great/good
many
few
,
a
few,
several
◆修饰不可数的量词:
a
large
amount
of
,
huge
amounts
of,
a
great
deal
of,
much,
too
much
little,
a
little
◆两个皆可修饰的量词:some,
a
lot
of,
lots
of,
plenty
of
,
quantity
of
1.
-’s所有格
①用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况,即表示各自的所有关系时,要分别在并列名词后加-’s
或’;表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加-’s或’。
?Tom’s
and
Jim’s
rooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。
?Tom
and
Jim’s
room.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。
②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时,名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。
at
the
barber’s在理发店
at
the
teacher’s在老师办公室
2.
of所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。
the
content
of
the
novel小说的内容
the
name
of
the
girl
over
there那边那位女孩的名字
3.
双重所有格
指"名词+of+名词所有格"或"名词+of+名词性物主代词"。
a
play
of
Shakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧)
a
friend
of
mine(我的一个朋友)
1.(2018·全国新课标卷II·短文改错)When
I
was
little,
Friday’s
night
was
our
family
game
night.
【答案】Friday’s改为Friday。
【解析】考查名词的格。名词作定语,往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、目的或用途、材料或来源等。名词所有格作定语则强调与被修饰的词的所有关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系。此处表示“星期五晚上”,并不是所有关系,故把Friday’s改为Friday。
2.
   ?mother
was
unconscious
for
five
hours
after
being
admitted
to
hospital.
A.
John
and
Mary
B.
John’s
and
Mary’s
C.
John’s
and
Mary
D.
John
and
Mary’s
【答案】D
【解析】句意:约翰和玛丽的妈妈被接收入院后五个小时都不省人事。此处主语是单数名词,表示"约翰和玛丽共有的妈妈",所以只在最后一个名词词尾加-’s。如表示"他们各自的母亲",则用John’s
and
Mary’s
mothers。
1.
直接作定语,
通常用单数形式。
college
students大学生
girl
friend女友
vegetable
garden菜园
basketball
match篮球赛
?Let’s
stop
by
the
book
store
on
the
way
home.回家的路上,我们的书店停一下吧!
?He
bought
the
shoes
in
that
shoe
shop.
这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。
2.
名词所有格作定语。
students’
books学生用书
China’s
capital中国的首都
the
world’s
population世界人口
3.
man,woman,gentleman作定语
man,woman,gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式,但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。
?He
said
that
two
women
doctors
would
come
to
our
village
the
next
day.
他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。
?There
are
many
men
teachers
in
our
school.
我们学校有很多男教师。
4.
某些常用复数的名词用作定语
某些常用复数的名词,当它们用作定语时,也须用复数形式。
arms
production
武器生产
clothes
shop服装商店
sales
department营业部
a
goods
train货车
savings
bank
储蓄所
foreign
languages
department外语系
5.
单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。
?Learning
Skills
center学习技巧交流中心
The
Boys
Club
男孩俱乐部
6.
表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯。
a
peasant
family/boy(peasant习惯直接作定语)
a
worker’s
family(worker习惯用所有格作定语)
7.
两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。
women
drivers女司机
the
woman’s
driver这位妇女的司机
girl
friend女朋友
the
girl’s
friend
这女孩的朋友
mother
tongue母语
mother’s
tongue母亲的舌头
8.
名词与其同根形容词都可以作定语,但意思上往往有差别:用名词作定语时,表示被修饰的名词的质地
或性质;用名词的同根形容词作定语,则说明被修饰的名词的特征。
gold
watch
金表
(指手表是含金的)
golden
watch
金色的表
(指表是金色的,但不一定含金)
(2018·浙江卷)Researchers
have
found
that
there
is
a
direct
link
between
the
increase
in
food
eaten
outside
the
home
and
the
rise
in
___64___(weigh)
problems.
【答案】weight
【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题,用名词修饰problems,故填weight。
高考主谓一致的知识结构
一致原则
考点详解
例句
语法一致
1.
以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。
His
father
is
working
on
the
farm.To
study
English
well
is
not
easy.What
he
said
is
very
important
for
us
all.The
children
were
in
the
classroom
two
hours
ago.
Reading
in
the
sun
is
bad
for
your
eyes.
2.
由连接词and或both
……
and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。
Lucy
and
Lily
are
twins.
She
and
I
are
classmates.The
boy
and
the
girl
were
surprised
when
they
heard
the
news.
Both
she
and
he
are
Young
Pioneers.
3.
主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with,together
with,except,but,like,as
well
as,rather
than,more
than,no
less
than,
besides,including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。
Mr.
Green,together
with
his
wife
and
children,has
come
to
China.
Nobody
but
Jim
and
Mike
was
on
the
playground.She,like
you
and
Tom,is
very
tall.
4.
either,neither,each,every
或no
+单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。
Each
of
us
has
a
new
book.Everything
around
us
is
matter.
5.
在定语从句中,关系代词that,who,
which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
He
is
one
of
my
friends
who
are
working
hard.
He
is
the
only
one
of
my
friends
who
is
working
hard.
6.
如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family,
class,
crowd,
committee,
population,
audience等。
Class
Four
is
on
the
third
floor.
Class
Four
are
unable
to
agree
upon
a
monitor.注:people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如:The
police
are
looking
for
the
lost
child.
7.
由“a
lot
of,lots
of,plenty
of,the
rest
of,the
majority
of
+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
There
are
a
lot
of
people
in
the
classroom.
The
rest
of
the
lecture
is
wonderful.
50%
of
the
students
in
our
class
are
girls.注:a
number
of
与the
number
of的区别
8.
在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
There
comes
the
bus.
On
the
wall
are
many
pictures.
Such
is
the
result.
Such
are
the
facts.
逻辑一致
1.
what,
who,
which,
any,
more,
all等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。
Which
is
your
bag?Which
are
your
bags?All
is
going
well.
All
have
gone
to
Beijing.
2.
表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。
Thirty
minutes
is
enough
for
the
work.Ten
miles
is
too
long.
3.
若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
“The
Arabian
Nights”
is
an
interesting
story-book.
4.
表数量的短语“one
and
a
half”后接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数形式。
One
and
a
half
apples
is
left
on
the
table.
一致原则
考点详解
例句
逻辑一致
5.
算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。
Twelve
plus
eight
is
twenty.Fifty-six
divided
by
eight
is
seven.
6.
一些学科名词是以
–ics
结尾,如:mathematics,politics,physics
以及news,
works等,都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
The
paper
works
was
built
in
1990.I
think
physics
isn‘t
easy
to
study.
7.
trousers,
glasses,
clothes,
shoes,jeans
等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a(the)
pair
of等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
My
glasses
are
broken.
The
pair
of
shoes
under
the
bed
is
his.?
8.
“定冠词the
+
形容词或分词”,表示某一类人时,动词用复数。
The
old
are
taken
good
care
of.
9.
a
(large)
quantity
of
修饰可数或不可数名词,
作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
A
large
quantity
of
people
is
needed
here.注意:quantities一般用复数。Quantities
of
food
(nuts)
were
on
the
table.
10.
a
great
deal
of,
a
large
amount
of
修饰不可数名词,
作主语时,
谓语动词通常用单数;
large
amounts
of
修饰不可数名词,
作主语时,
谓语动词通常用复数。
A
large
amount
of
(A
great
deal
of)
damage
was
done
in
a
very
short
time.Large
amounts
of
money
were
spent
on
the
bridge.
就近一致
1.
当两个主语由either

or,
neither

nor,whether

or
…,not
only
…but
also连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
Either
the
teacher
or
the
students
are
our
friends.Neither
they
nor
he
is
wholly
right.
2.
there
be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
There
are
two
chairs
and
a
desk
in
the
room.Here引导的句子用法同上。如:Here
is
a
map
and
a
handbook
for
you.
一、语法一致
语法一致:就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1. 单数n.,不可数n., 不定式,动名词或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数。
?His
father
is
working
on
the
farm.
?
Time
is
money.
?
To
finish
all
the
work
on
time
is
impossible.
?Reading
in
the
sun
is
bad
for
your
eyes.
?The
children
are
in
the
classroom
2
hours
ago.
◆由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的
并列结构时,谓语动词用复数。
 
?What
I
bought
were
3
English
books.
?What
I
say
and
do
are
helpful
to
you.
2.由and
或both...and
连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。
 
?Lucy
and
Lily
are
twins.
?She
and
I
are
friends.
?Both
she
and
he
are
Young
Pioneers.
◆如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就用单数。
?The
writer
and
artist
has
come.
◆由and
连接的并列单数主语前分别有each,
every,
no
more
than
a(an),
many
a(an)修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
 
?Every
student
and
every
teacher
was
in
the
room.
?No
boy
and
no
girl
likes
it.
3.主语后面有with,
together
with,
except,
but,
like,
as
well
as,
rather
than,
more
than,
no
less
than,
besides,
including等引起的短语时,谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。
?Mr
Green,
together
with
his
wife
and
children,
has
come
to
China.
?Nobody
but
Jim
and
Mike
was
on
the
playground. 
?She,
like
you
and
Tom,
is
very
tall.
4.either,
neither,
each,
every或no+单数neither/neither/none
of
+复数名词,还有some,
any,
no,
every
构成的复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
 ?Each
of
us
has
a
new
book.
?Everything
around
us
is
matter.
 ?Neither
of
the
texts
is
interesting.
None
of
us
has
been
to
South
Africa.
5.定语从句中,关系代词that,
which,
who
作主语时,谓语动词的数和先行词一致。
 ?He
is
one
of
my
students
who
are
working
hard.
?He
is
the
only
one
of
my
friends
who
is
working
hard.
1.(2020全国I卷.语法填空)"because
it
67.
(mean)
we
have
the
chance
to
obtain
information
about
how
the
moon
68.
(construct)"
【答案】67.means;
68.
is
constructed;
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle
Pieters说:“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This
really
excites
scientists”可知,此处也使用一般现在时,主语是it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means,故填means。
68.
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句谓语动词,谓语construct与主语the
moon之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语the
moon是单数,故填is
constructed。
2.(2020山东新高考.语法填空)Often,
only
a
small
part
of
a
museum’s
collection
41.
(be)
on
display.
【答案】is
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,主语a
small
part
of
a
museum’s
collection是单数概念,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式,且后面的Most
of
it
is
stored
away
or
used
for
research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
3.(2018·新课标卷I·语法填空)While
running
regularly
can’t
make
you
live
forever,
the
review
says
it
64
(be)
more
effective
at
lengthening
life
65
(than)
walking,
cycling
or
swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。医学报告显示:跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实,故用一般现在时,且主语是it,表示单数概念。故填is。
4.
He
is
one
of
the
most
selfish
men
that
_______
ever
lived;
that’s
why
hardly
_______
making
friends
with
him.
A.
has;anyone
likes
B.
have;does
anyone
like
C.
has;no
one
likes
D.
have;anyone
likes
【答案】D
【解析】考查主谓一致。that引导的定语从句修饰的是名词复数men,因此定语从句的谓语动词应用have。第一个空考查的是定语从句中谓语动词的单复数,one
of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词,因此第一个空用have;后半句译为"那就是几乎没有任何人和他交朋友的原因",hardly表示"几乎不",根据句意,后面应是肯定句,故排除C项;hardly作为否定副词放在句首时,句子才使用倒装语序,因此排除B项。故选D项。
5.集体名词family,
class,
crowd,
committee,
population,
audience等,指整体时,用单数;指集体的成员时,用复数。
?His
family
is
a
happy
one.
 ?The
whole
family
are
watching
TV.
 ?The
population
of
China
is
1400
million.(人口)
 ?One
third
of
the
population
here
are
workers.(人)
◆people,
cattle,
police作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
6.由 a
lot
of,
lots
of,
plenty
of,
the
rest
of,
the
majority
of
+名词,或者是分数/百分数+名词构成的短语作主语,谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。
?The
rest
of
the
lecture
is
wonderful.
?A
lot
of
time
is
wasted.
?A
lot
of
people
take
part
in
the
meeting.
?2/3
water
is
drunk
by
him.
?2/3
students
are
absent.
7.倒装句中,谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。
 ?On
the
wall
are
many
pictures.
?Such
is
the
result.
?Such
are
the
facts.
1.(2019年全国I卷.语法填空)Of
__the___nineteen
recognized
polar
bear
subpopulations,
three
are
declining,
six_____(70)
stable,one
is
increasing,
and
nine
lack
enough
data.
【答案】are。
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。
根据设空前后与本空并列的谓语动词的时态可知,本空需要一般现在时;主语是six
(subpopulations),
故填are.
二、意义一致原则
1.表示时间、度量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语,因为其在概念上是一个整体,谓语动词用单数。
 ?Twenty
minutes
is
enough
for
the
work.
?One
hundred
dollars
is
stolen
from
the
ATM.
2.如果是书名,片名,格言,剧名,报名,国名等的复数形式作主语,谓语动词用单数。
 ?The
Arabian
Nights
is
an
interesting
story
book.
one
and
a
half
+复数n.,谓语动词用单数。
 ?One
and
a
half
apples
is
left
on
the
table.
3.算是中表示数目通常用单数(加减乘除)
4.表示学科的以-ics结尾的名词作主语,用单数。
 ?Physics
is
an
important
subject
in
middle
schools.
?Mathematics
is
the
study
of
numbers.
?Politics,
economics,
athletics等。
5.复数形式的单复数同形的名词作主语,意义一致。
?The
glass
works
was
built
up
in
1980.
?These
glass
works
are
near
the
railway
station.
6.由两部分组成的名词,trousers,
glasses,
shorts,
scissors等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。a
pair
of
等量词时,视情况而定。
7.The

adj.
表示一类人,作主语时用复数。
 
?The
young
are
usually
very
active.
?The
old
are
lonely.
三、就近一致原则
就近一致:在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1.
当两个主语由either

or,
neither

nor,whether

or
…,not
only
…but
also连接时,谓语动词和邻
近的主语一致。
?Neither
his
parents
nor
I
am
able
to
persuade
him
to
change
his
mind.
他的父母和我都不能说服他改变注意。
2.
there
be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个
主语保持一致。
?There
are?two?pens,a?book?and?three?pencils?on?the?desk.
书桌上有两支钢笔,一本书和三支铅笔。
?There?is
a?book,two?pens?and?three?pencils?on?the?desk.?
书桌上有一本书,两支钢笔和三支铅笔。?
3.
在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
?Here
is
a
map
and
a
handbook
for
you.
这是一张你的地图和一本手册。
Such
are
the
facts.
事实就是如此。
4.
就远原则:谓语动词与前面主语一致。
主语后面接连接性短语时,这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系,即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。此类连接性短语有as?well?as,as?much?as,along?with,with,like,rather?than,?together?with,but,except,besides,including,in?addition?to等。
?Your?sister?as?well?as?your?parents?is?very?kind?to?me.你姐姐和你父母一样,对我很好。
?She,like?you?and?betty,is?very?clever.像你和betty一样,她也很聪明。?
The
father
as
well
as
his
three
children
___________
skating
on
the
frozen
river
every
Sunday
afternoon
in
winter.
A.is
going
B.go
C.goes
D.are
going
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:在冬天的每个星期天下午,这位父亲和他的三个孩子都去结冰的河面上滑冰。当
as
well
as
连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的数应与as
well
as前面的名词或代词保持一致。本题的谓语动词应与The
father保持一致,用单数形式;由时间状语
every
Sunday
afternoon可知,本句应用一般现在时。故选C项。
四、
"名词+介词短语"作主语
名词或代词后接as
well
as,with,along
with,together
with,except,but等短语作主语时,谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。
?She
as
well
as
other
students
likes
playing
computer
games.
她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。
?He
with
his
parents
is
working
in
the
fields.
他正和他的父母在地里干活。
?Nobody
but
you
and
me
knows
it.
除了你和我,没人知道。
五、不定代词作主语
1.
当作主语的名词前有each,neither,either,every修饰或each,neither,either作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
?Each
student
has
a
book.
每一个学生都有一本书。
?Either
answer
is
correct.
两个答案都是正确的。
?Neither
parent
is
with
him.
他的父母都没有和他在一起。
?Every
minute
is
important
to
us.
每一分钟对大家都很重要。
2.
当复合不定代词someone,anyone,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,something,anything,nothing,everything等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
?Somebody
is
waiting
for
you
outside.
有人在外面等你。
?Is
everybody
here
today?
今天大家都到了吗?
?Something
is
wrong
with
my
watch.
我的手表出故障了。
?Nobody
was
away
yesterday.
昨天没有人离开。
All
we
need
_________
a
small
piece
of
land
where
we
can
plant
various
kinds
of
fruit
trees
throughout
the
growing
seasons
of
the
year.
A.are
B.
was
C.
is
D.
were
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致及时态用法。句中的主语为代词all,代指的是物,故谓语动词用单数形式。再根据从句中的can可以判断用一般现在时。句意:我们所需要的是一小块土地,在整个一年的生长季节,我们能够种各种不同的水果树。故C正确。
六、特殊名词作主语
1.
国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时,即使其形式上是复数,谓语动词也要用单数。
?The
United
States
lies
to
the
east
of
China.
美国在中国的东方。(国名)
?Engels
was
good
at
learning
foreign
languages.
恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名)
2.
"the+形容词"作主语时,表示某类人,谓语动词用复数。
?The
sick
are
taken
good
care
of.
病人得到很好的照顾。
?The
old
are
supposed
to
be
spoken
to
politely.
跟老人讲话要有礼貌。
3.
以-s结尾的学科名词,如maths,physics,politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词,如news,plastics等作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。
?Physics
is
very
difficult
for
me
to
learn.
物理对我来讲很难学。
?The
news
was
very
exciting.
这条新闻十分激动人心。
4.
单复数形式相同的名词,如Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。
?A
Chinese
wants
to
see
you.
一个中国人想见你。
?Ten
sheep
are
eating
grass
there.
那边有10只绵羊在吃草。
【注意】Chinese,Japanese,English等前加the表示一国人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
The
Chinese
speak
Chinese.
中国人说汉语。
七、表数量概念的词或短语作主语
1.
表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时,通常看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。
?Ten
years
has
passed
quickly.
10年很快就过去了。
?Ten
dollars
is
enough.
10美元就够了。
?100
kilometers
is
a
long
way.
100千米是一段很长的路。
2.
加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数,其中加法与乘法也可用复数。
?Two
and
two
is/are
four.
2加2等于4。
?Six
times
one
is/are
six.
6乘以1等于6。
3.
"many
a/more
than
one+单数名词"作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
?There
is
more
than
one
answer.
有不止一个答案。
?Many
a
student
has
passed
the
exam.
许多学生通过了考试。
4.
"one
and
a
half+复数名词"作主语时,谓语用单数。
?One
and
a
half
days
is
all
I
can
spare.
一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。
?One
and
a
half
pears
is
left
on
the
plate.
一个半梨被留在盘子里。
5.
the
rest
of...
短语作主语时,如果of后接复数名词,谓语用复数;如果of后接不可数名词,谓语用单数。
?The
rest
of
the
bikes
are
on
sale.
余下的自行车降价出售。
?The
rest
of
the
bread
is
gone.
剩余的面包不见了。
6.
"none
of+复数名词"作主语时,谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。
?None
of
the
dogs
was/were
there.
那儿没有狗。
7.
"a
number
of+名词复数"表示"许多/大量的……",其后的谓语动词用复数;"the
number
of+名词复数"表示"……的数量",其中心词为number,故谓语动词用单数。
?A
number
of
farmers
are
standing
over
there.
许多农民站在那边。
?The
number
of
the
students
in
this
school
has
reached
over
2,000.
这所学校的学生数量已达到2
000多人。
8.
"a
lot
of/lots
of/plenty
of+名词"作主语,谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数;如果of后是复数名词,谓语动词用复数。
?A
lot
of
time
is
needed.
需要大量的时间。
?Plenty
of
workers
are
working.
许多工人在工作。
八、动名词、不定式和从句作主语
动名词、不定式或从句作主语时,谓语一般用单数。
?Doing
morning
exercises
is
good
for
your
body.
做早操对你的身体有益。
?To
play
with
fire
near
a
gas
station
is
very
dangerous.
在加油站附近玩火很危险。
?What
he
said
at
the
meeting
is
very
important.
他在会上的发言很重要。
The
university
estimates
that
living
expenses
for
international
students
________
around
$8,450
a
year,
which
________
a
burden
for
some
of
them.
A.
are;is
B.
are;are
C.
is;are
D.
is;is
【答案】A 
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:那所大学估计,对国际学生来说,一年的生活开销大约是8450美元,这对他们中某些学生来说是一个负担。第一空的主语是living
expenses,是复数,因此谓语动词用复数;第二空的主语是which,指代的是前面整个句子,因此谓语动词用单数。
一、名词类别间的互换
个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换
例???句
意??义
名词性质
①She
held
some?flowers?in
her
hand.②The
trees
are
now
in?flower
花儿
个体名词
开花
抽象名词
①Youth?is
beautiful.②He
is
a?youth?of
twenty
青春
抽象名词
年轻人
个体名词
①They
have
achieved
remarkable?success?in
their
work.②—How
about
the
Christmas
evening
party??—I
should
say
it
was
a
success.
成功
抽象名词
成功的事
个体名词
物质名词与个体名词的相互转换
例???句
意??义
名词性质
①Iron?is
a
kind
of
metal.②Please
lend
me
your?iron.

物质名词
熨斗
个体名词
①He
broke
a
piece
of?glass.②He
broke
a?glass.
玻璃
物质名词
玻璃杯
个体名词
①I
bought
a
chicken
this
morning②Please
help
yourself
to
some?chicken
小鸡
个体名词
鸡肉
物质名词
抽象名词与个体名词的转换
具有动作意义的抽象名词加用与某些动词(如:have等)连用,表示某一次短暂的动作
①—I’d
like______information
about
the
management
of
your
hotel,please.—Well,
you
could
have____word
with
the
manager.
He
might
be
helpfulA.some,a??????B.an,some
?????C.some,some
????D.an,a②They
sent
us????????word
of
the
latest
happenings.?消息?(抽象名词)A.a???????????B.an???????????C./?????????????D.the③Could
we
have?????????word
before
you
go
to
the
meeting??话(个体名词)A.a???????????B.an???????????C./?????????????D.the类例:have
a
dream/a
rest/a
smoke/a
swim/a
trip/a
wash/a
discussion/a
looktake
a
walk/a
bath
?make
an
advance(进步)/make
an
early
start(早点出发)/make
a
decision/make
a
change/give
a
cry
of
pain(发出痛苦的叫声)
/give
a
try
表示知识和时间的抽象名词转换为普通名词时可以用来表示其中的一部分
①Many
people
agree
that___knowledge
of
English
is
a
must
in____international
trade
today.A.a,??/??????????B.the,
an
????????C.the,
the
????????D.
/,
thea
knowledge
of
truth(知道实际情况)give
a
fuller
knowledge
of
China(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识)have
a
knowledge
of
shorthand(有速记的知识)②If
there
were
no
examination,
we
should
have______at
school.A.the
happiest
time????B.a
more
happier
time??C.much
happiest
time??D.a
much
happier
time③?????????is
money.??A.The
time?????????B.A
time??????C.Time??????D.Times
抽象名词转换为普通名词可用来表示“一次、一阵、一种”具体的行为、事件、现象或结果。这时名词前往往有形容词修饰
①Oh,
John.
_____you
gave
me!A.How
a
pleasant
surprise
????B.How
pleasant
surpriseC.What
a
pleasant
surprise?????D.
What
pleasant
surprise②She
looked
up???????????when
I
shouted.A.in
a
surprise??????B.in
the
surprise??????C.in
surprise???????D.in
some
surprise其它例子:The
gift
came
as
a
complete
surprise
to
me.
We
have
had
some
unpleasant
surprise③It
is_____work
of
art
that
everyone
wants
to
have
a
look
at
it.A.so
unusual????????B.
such
unusual??????C.such
an
unusual???D.so
an
unusual
二、
主谓一致的其他情况
其他情况
例句
and连接并列主语时,谓语动词常常使用复数;但是and连接的并列主语指同一人、同一物时,谓语使用单数。
The
writer
and
teacher
is
coming.
那位作家兼教师来了(作家和教师指同一个人)The
writer
and
the
teacher
are
coming.
作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
"单数名词或代词+名词或代词+but/besides/except/including/like/with/along
with/as
well
as
/rather
than/such
as/together
with+名词或代词作主语,谓语使用单数形式,如果之前的名词或代词是复数,则谓语使用复数。
Mike
with
his
father
has
been
to
England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike,
like
his
brother,enjoys
playing
football.
迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
"the
number
of+复数名词"作主语谓语用单数;
"a(good/large)
number
of+复数名词"作主语,谓语动词用复数。
The
number
of
the
students
is
over
eight
hundred.
学生人数超过八百。A
number
of
teachers
are
present
today,and
the
number
of
them
is
500.
许多教师今天都出席了,有500人。
由两个相同部分组成的一个整体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数,如chopsticks,glasses,shoes,socks,stockings,
trousers,
boots等。若此类名词被"a
kind
of/a
pair
of’’修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
The
scissors
are
on
the
shelf
next
to
the
cupboard.
剪刀在橱柜旁边的架子上。A
pair
of
glasses
costs
quite
a
lot
these
days.
近些天,眼镜的售价很高。
当not
only...
but
also...,not...
but...,or,either...
or….,neither...
nor...等连接并列主语时,以及在there
be句型中,谓语动词的单复数形式采用就近一致原则。
Neither
Jack
and
I
have
seen
this
film.杰克和我都没有看过这部电影Either
you
or
he
is
to
attend
the
meeting
tomorrow.或者是你或者是他去参加明天的会议。
某些集体名词class,
club,
family,
team,
group等作主语时,谓语动词采用意义一致原则,即依据名词的具体含义来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。
The
company
has
grown
rapidly
in
the
last
five
years.这家公司五年来迅速发展壮大。The
family
are
celebrating
Thanksgiving
in
this
picture.在这张相片里,全家人正在庆祝感恩节。
【知识拓展】如果这一类集体名词作为一个整体看待时,谓语动词使用单数形式,如果这一类词指的是具体成员,则谓语动词应该使用复数形式。
【巧学妙记】
主谓一致记忆口诀单单复复最常见,集体名词谓用单。如若强调其成员,复数谓语记心间。有些名词谓常复,people、police即这般。主语单数后接介,谓语单数介无关。many
a作主语也如此,谓语动词应用单。or、nor、but
also、there
be,近主原则挂嘴边。关系代词定主语,谓语根据先行词判。不定式短语、动名词,主语从句谓全单。时间、货币与距离,谓语多单复少见,rest,means,following等,意义决定其复、单。none,all,half
of等,of之宾语定答案。还有分数、百分数,仍据of之宾定复、单。代词all指人谓复数,all指事情谓用单。量词用法请注意,谓语要随量词变。and连接两名词,身兼两职一定冠。no,each,every后单名,两种事物一概念。以上情况请记清,谓语动词全用单。形容词带the一类人,姓氏复数加定冠,-s结尾的海峡、山脉与群岛,谓语用复勿用单。代词neither,either,each,用作主语谓全单。
题组一
真题在线
1.(2020·江苏卷·单项填空)
The
health
security
systems
of
many
countries
are
undergoing
considerable
______.
A.
reservation
B.
transformation
C.
distinction
D.
submission
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A.
reservation预订;B.
transformation改革,变革;C.
distinction区别;D.
submission提交。根据前文The
health
security
systems可知,此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。
2.(2020·天津卷·单项填空)His
vivid
descriptions
of
country
life
quickly
became
popular,
which
established
his
_____________as
one
of
America's
greatest
writers.
A.
trust
B.
contact
C.
reputation
D.
theory
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他对乡村生活的生动描述迅速流行起来,这树立了他作为美国伟大作家之一的声誉。A.
trust信任;B.
contact联系;C.
reputation声誉;D.
theory理论。根据句意,尤其是greatest
writers可知此处用reputation“声誉”符合语境,故选C项。
3.(2019·江苏卷·单项填空)
Nowadays
the
___________
for
travelling
is
shifted
from
shopping
to
food
and
scenery.
A.
priority
B.
potential
C.
proportion
D.
pension
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:当今,旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A.
priority优先;优先权;B.
potential潜在的,可能的;C.
proportion比例,占比;D.
pension退休金,抚恤金。故选A。
4.(2019·天津卷·单项填空)We
can
observe
that
artificial
intelligence
has
already
made
a(n)
___________on
our
lives
in
many
ways.
A.
statement
B.
impact
C.
impression
D.
judgment
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。statement“陈述说明”;impact“强烈的影响,冲击力”;impression“印象,感想”;judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。
5.
(2018·天津卷)The__________
that
there
is
life
on
other
planets
in
the
universe
has
always
inspired
scientists
to
explore
the
outer
space.
A.
advice
B.
order
C.
possibility
D.
invitation
【答案】
C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A.
advice建议;B.
order命令;C.
possibility可能性;D.
invitation邀请。故选C。
6.(2018·江苏卷)Try?to?understand?what’s?actually
happening
instead
of
acting
on
the
_______
you’ve
made.
A.
assignment
B.
association
C.
acquisition
D.
assumption
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:试着去理解实际发生的事情,而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A.
assignment分配;B.
association交往;C.
acquisition获得;D.
assumption假设。故选D。
7.(2017·江苏)The
publication
of
Great
Expectations,
which
____________
both
widely
reviewed
and
highly
praised,
strengthened
Dickens,
status
as
a
leading
novelist.
A.
is
B.
are
C.
was
D.
were
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致。本句是包含定语从句的复合句,先行词是Great
Expectations是书名,看作单数,所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式;根据"strengthened"可知,"被广泛阅读和得到高度评价"发生在过去,故选C。
8.
(2017·天津)Nowadays,
cycling,
along
with
jogging
and
swimming,
___________
as
one
of
the
best
all-round
forms
of
exercise.
A.
regard
B.
is
regarded
C.
are
regarded
D.
regards
【答案】B
【解析】句意:现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard...as…
(把……看做……)和句意确定应该用被动语态,排除A和D;由介词短语along
with连接的三个名词作主语,谓语动词应该就前一致,即用单数,排除C。故选B。
9.(2016·浙江)It
is
important
to
pay
your
electricity
bill
on
time
,
as
late
payments
may
affect
your
______.
A.
condition
B.
income
C.
credit
D.
status
【答案】C
【解析】句意:准时付电费很重要,因为付晚了会影响你的信用。condition条件;income收入;credit学分,信用(卡)。根据句意可知C。
10.(2016·天津)The
weather
forecast
says
it
will
be
cloudy
with
a
slight
_____
of
rain
later
tonight.
A.
effect
B.
sense
C.
change
D.
chance
【答案】D
【解析】句意:天气预报说今天会是多云,后半夜可能有雨。A.影响;B.感觉;C.改变;D.机会,可能性。故选D。
11.(2016·江苏)

Can
you
tell
us
your
for
happiness
and
a
long
life?

Living
every
day
to
the
full,
definitely.
A.
recipe
B.
record
C.
range
D.
receipt
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。recipe秘诀,食谱,药方;record记录;range范围;receipt收据,收条;句意:—你能告诉我你对幸福长寿的秘密吗?—当然是尽情享受每一天。根据句意可知A项意为"秘诀",与上下文相符。
12.(2015·湖北)When
he
was
running
after
his
brother,
the
boy
lost
his
___
and
had
a
bad
fall.
A.
balance
B
.chance
C
.memory
D
.place
【答案】A
【解析】句意:男孩在追他哥哥时,失去了平衡,重重地摔了一跤。A项"平衡";B项"机会";C项"记忆";D项"地方"。lose
one’s
balance"失去平衡"。故选A项。
13.(2015·湖北)He
gave
himself
a
new
name
to
hide
his
____
when
he
went
to
carry
out
the
secret
task.
A.
emotion
B.
talent
C.
identity
D.
treasure
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他执行一项秘密任务时,给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项"情绪";B项
"才能";C项"身份";D项"财富"。故选C项。
【名师点睛】考生解答本题的关键是抓住题干中的关键词"secret
task(秘密任务)"和"
gave
himself
a
new
name(给自己取了个新名字)",然后推知肯定是为了"hide
his
identity(掩藏身份)",从而锁定正确答案。
14.(2015·安徽)There
is
no
need
to
tell
me
your
answer
now.
Give
it
some
______
and
then
let
me
know.
A.
thought
B.
support
C.
protection
D.
authority
【答案】A
【解析】句意:现在没必要告诉我答案,你再思考一下,之后告诉我。A思考;B支持;C保护;D权威,当局。这里指让对方再好好想想,故选A。
15.(2015·江苏)—Go
and
say
sorry
to
your
Mom,
Dave.
—I’d
like
to,
but
I’m
afraid
she
won’t
be
happy
with
my
______
.
A.
requests
B.
excuses
C.
apologies
D.
regrets
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——Dave,去跟你的妈妈道歉。——我想这样做,但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A项"请求";B项"借口";C项"道歉";D项"遗憾,后悔"。故选C项。
16.(2015·江苏)Some
schools
will
have
to
make
______
in
agreement
with
the
national
soccer
reform.
A.
judgments
B.
adjustments
C.
comments
D.
achievements
【答案】B
【解析】句意:为了与国家的足球改革相适应,一些学校必须做出调整。A项"判断,决断";B项"调整";C项"评价,评论";D项"成就"。故选B项。
【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词make搭配。因此,考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义,还应注意多积累可以跟同一动词搭配的名词。另外还可以利用固定搭配排除C项make本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。comments
on"对……做出评价/评论",缩小正确答案的范围。
17.(2015·福建)The
failure
was
a
big
__________to
him,
but
he
wasn’t
discouraged
and
soon
got
as
enthusiastic
as
ever.
A.
blow
B.
issue
C.
excuse
D.
Factor
【答案】A
【解析】blow打击;
issue问题;excuse借口;factor要素。句意:这个失败对他来说是一个打击,但是他没有泄气,很快振作恢复了原来的热情。故选A
18.(2015·浙江)One
of
the
most
effective
ways
to
reduce
is
to
talk
about
feeling
with
someone
you
trust.
A.
production
B.
stress
C.
energy
D.
passive
【答案】B
【解析】句意:一种最有效的减压方法就是和你觉得信任的人谈谈你的想法。production产品,
stress压力,
energy能源,
passive力量。根据常识可知,和别人谈心应该来说是减压。所以答案是B.。
题组二
名校模拟
Ⅰ.
单项填空
1.
The
shoes
were
covered
with
mud,
so
I
asked
them
to
take
them
off
before
they
got
into
car.
A.
girl’s;
Tom’s
B.
girls’;
Toms’
C.
girls’;
Tom’s
D.
girl’s;
Toms’
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词所有格。根据后半句中的I
asked
them可知是多个女孩,所以第一个空格处用girls';后一个空格处是单数概念,用Tom's。
2.
She
has
gained
many
unforgettable
_____
about
animals
when
_____
in
the
forest
doing
research.
A.
experiences;
stayed
B.
experiences;
staying
C.
experience;
stayed
D.
experience;
staying
【答案】B
【解析】句意:当她停留在森林里做研究时,她已经获得了许多关于动物的难忘的经历。根据句意可知,experience在这里表示经历,因此为可数名词,所以排除C项和D项。When引导的从句其实是when
she
is
staying
in
the
forest
doing
research.当主句主语和从句主语一致,并且从句中有系动词时,可以把从句中的主语连同系动词一起省略,故用staying。所以B项正确。
3.
He
found
a
lot
of
were
.
A.
passers-by;
grown-ups
B.
passer-bys;
growns-up
C.
passer-bys;
grown-ups
D.
passers-by;
growns-up
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词复数。句意:他发现很多过路人是成年人。passer-by“过路人”的复数是passers-by;grown-up“成年人”的复数是grown-ups。故选A。
4.
We
already
have
pencils,
but
we
need
two
pens.
A.
dozen
of;
dozen
B.
dozens
of;
dozens
C.
dozens
of;
dozen
D.
dozen;
dozen
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我们已经有了很多铅笔,但是我们还需要2打钢笔。dozens
of许多,大量;dozen前面有基数词表示确切数字时,接dozen原形。故C项正确。
5.
It
is
believed
that
very
little
_____has
been
made
of
the
waste
materials
from
factories
in
the
past
decades,
which
on
the
contrary
has
brought
pollution
to
the
environment.
A.
cost
B.
use
C.
value
D.
action
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意为:有人认为在过去几十年里,来自工厂的废料的利用率很小,这反而给环境带来了污染。make
use
of是固定搭配,表示"利用",故B项正确。
6.
Lots
of
campaigns
have
occurred
in
China
to
defend
the
Nansha
Islands
recently.
What
is
your
_________
of
the
situation?
A.
intention
B.
assessment
C.
attitude
D.
appointment
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。intention意图,打算;assessment评估,评价;attitude态度;appointment约定,约会。句意:在中国,为了保卫南沙群岛,开展了大量的运动。你对形势有什么评估?根据句意,B选项正确。attitude要和介词to/toward连用。
7.So
far
as
I
know,
a
number
of
the
students
in
our
school
___________
from
the
suburb
and
the
number
of
them
___________
500.
A.
come;is
B.
comes;are
C.
comes;is
D.
come;are
【答案】A
【解析】考查主谓一致。第一空的主语是"a
number
of
the
students
in
our
school",指"许多学生",谓语用复数形式;第二空的主语是"the
number
of
them",指"学生的数量",谓语用单数形式。故选A。
8.The
teacher
along
with
her
students
___________
the
Palace
Museum
when
we
came
across
her.
A.
were
visiting
B.
was
visiting
C.
has
visited
D.
have
visited
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:当我们遇见那位老师的时候,她正在和她的学生们参观故宫。名词+介词短语作主语时,谓语动词要和介词前面的名词保持一致,即遵循"就远原则"。该题中,谓语动词要和the
teacher保持一致。该句时间状语为"when
we
came
across
her",表示过去的时间,且根据句意可知,该空表示我们遇见老师时老师正在做的事情,要用过去进行时态。故选B。
9.Not
even
one
of
the
hundred
students
who
took
the
test
passed.
A.
has
B.
have
C.
is
D.
are
【答案】A
【解析】考查主谓一致。本句运用了定语从句,先行词是the
hundred
students,引导词who指代the
hundred
students,所以句子的主语是Not
even
one
of
the
hundred
students,谓语用单数;主语与pass是主动关系。故选A。
10.In
front
of
the
pine
trees
a
family,
members
are
always
friendly
to
their
neighbors.
A.
lives;where
B.
live,
whose
C.
lives,
whose
D.
live;where
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致和定语从句。“In
front
of
the
pine
trees
______
a
family”是句子主干,是倒装句,主语是a
family,它是一个集体名词,强调整体时谓语动词应用单数,故第一空填lives。“_______
members
are
always
friendly
to
their
neighbors”是定语从句,修饰a
family,关系词在定语从句中作定语,故第二空填whose。故选C。
11.Contrary
to
what
we
had
expected,
the
noodles
and
rice
they
served
on
the
plane
quite
delicious.
A.
are
B.is
C.
were
D.
was
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。结合该句中宾语从句谓语动词had
expected可知,该处应用一般过去式;主语是the
noodles
and
rice,谓语动词应用复数,故选C项。
12.The
professor,
____
some
of
his
assistants
,
_____
to
attend
our
discussion.
A.
and;
is
B.as
well
as;
is
C.
or
;
are
D.
except
for;
are
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓一致。and连接两个名词或代词作主语,谓语动词应用复数;or连接两个名词或代词作主语,谓语动词的单复数采用就近原则;as
well
as和except
for连接两个名词或代词作主语,谓语动词的单复数取决于前者,故选B项。
13.One
third
of
the
country
___
covered
with
trees
and
the
majority
of
citizens
___
Han
people.
A.is
;
are
B.is;is
C.
are;are
D.
are;is
【答案】A
【解析】考查主谓一致。one
third
of
the
country指该国国土面积的三分之一,是不可数名词,故用is;the
majority
of
citizens指大多数公民,是可数名词,故谓语用复数,选A项。
14.The
university
estimates
that
living
expenses
for
international
students
_________
around
$8,450
per
year,
which
_________
a
burden
for
some
of
them.
A.
are;
is
B.is;
are
C.is;
is
D.
are;
are
【答案】A
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:大学估计,国际学生的生活费用是$8,450左右一年,对一部分同学来说是一个负担。第一空的主语是前面的宾语从句中的living
expenses,这是一个复数名词,故用are;第二空中,作主语是前面的which,which引导的定语从句补充说明前面的living
expense
for
international
students
are
around
$8,4508
a
year这一件事,所以用单数。故选A。
15.Either
you
or
one
of
your
assistants
_________
to
attend
the
meeting
that
is
due
tomorrow.
A.is
B.
are
C.
have
D.
would
【答案】A
【解析】考查主谓一致和动词。句意:你或你的一位助手将出席明天的会议。either…
or…连接两个主语,谓语用就近原则;be
to
do
sth.
打算做某事。故选A。
Ⅱ.
语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Styrofoam
is
plastic? 1 a
bad
reputation.
It
cannot
be
recycled
without
releasing(释放)
dangerous
pollutants
into
the
air.
The
U.S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency? 2 (say)
it
is
the
fifth
largest
creator
of
dangerous
waste.
Scientists
from
the
U.S.
and
China
have
discovered
that
mealworms
can
digest
plastic.
One
mealworm
can
digest
a
pill-sized
amount
of
plastic
a
day.
Study
co-author
Wei-Min
Wu
says
that
in
24
hours,
the
plastic? 3 (turn)
into
carbon
dioxide.
Are
the
worms
hurt
by? 4 (eat)
plastic?
The
study
found
that
worms
eating
Styrofoam
were
as? 5 (health)
as
worms
eating
bran
(糠).
Styrofoam
is
a
lightweight
material,
about
95
percent
air,
with
very
good
insulation
properties
(绝缘性),according
to
Earthsource.
org.
It
is
used
in
products
from? 6 (cup)
that
keep
your
drinks
hot
or
cold
to
packaging
materials? 7 protect
items
during
shipping.
"Solving? 8 problem
of
plastic
pollution
is
important.
Landfill
space
is
becoming
limited,"
says
Wu,
a
Stanford
University
environmental
engineering
instructor.
About
33
million
tons
of
plastic
are
thrown
away
in
the
United
States
every
year.
Plastic
plates,
cups
and
containers
take? 9 25
percent
to
30
percent
of
space
in
America’s
landfills.
One
Styrofoam
cup
takes
more
than
1
million
years? 10 (recycle)
in
a
landfill,
according
to
Cleveland
State
University.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了中美科学家发现大黄粉虫的幼虫能消化塑料垃圾。
1.with
考查介词。with
a
bad
reputation表示"有坏名声"。
2.says
考查动词时态和主谓一致。文章时态以一般现在时为主,且主语为单数名词,故填says。
3.is
turned
考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。主语the
plastic为不可数名词,与turn之间构成动宾关系,且该句为一般现在时,故填is
turned。
4.eating
考查非谓语动词。介词by后接动名词作宾语,故填eating。
5.healthy
考查形容词。系动词后用形容词作表语,故填healthy。
6.cups
考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知,空后that引导的定语从句中的谓语动词为keep,故应用复数名词cups。
7.that/which
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,这里是一个定语从句,从句缺少主语且指代物,故填that或which。
8.the
考查冠词。因problem后有of
plastic
pollution作后置定语,表示特指,故填the。
9.up
考查固定搭配。根据语境可知,此处表示"占据(take
up)",故填up。
10.to
recycle
考查非谓语动词。根据"sth./sb.
takes
some
time
to
do
sth."结构可知,此处应填to
recycle。
Ⅲ.
短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1.
每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.
只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
It
was
my
17th
birthday
and
I
was
looking
forward
to
see
my
friends.
I
arrived
at
my
favorite
restaurant,
waiting
for
him.
We
would
have
the
special
birthday
dinner.
I
looked
for
a
familiar
face
but
failed.
Soon
the
restaurant
was
filled
customers,
none
of
which
were
my
friends.
An
hour
later,
I
went
back
home,
lonely
and
disappointing.
To
my
great
surprise,
I
found
the
door
was
wide
open
while
I
arrived
home.
Nervously,
I
walk
into
the
dark
room.
Suddenly,
all
the
light
went
on
and
my
friends
were
appeared
shouting
‘‘surprise”.
I
had
an
unforgettable
birthday.
【答案】
It
was
my
17th
birthday
and
I
was
looking
forward
to
my
friends.
I
arrived
at
my
favorite
restaurant,
waiting
for.
We
would
have
special
birthday
dinner.
I
looked
for
a
familiar
face
but
failed.
Soon
the
restaurant
was
filled
customers,
none
of
were
my
friends.
An
hour
later,
I
went
back
home,
lonely
and
.
To
my
great
surprise,
I
found
the
door
was
wide
open
I
arrived
home.
Nervously,
I
into
the
dark
room.
Suddenly,
all
the
went
on
and
my
friends
appeared
shouting
‘‘surprise”.
I
had
an
unforgettable
birthday.
【解析】这篇文章主要讲了作者十七岁生日时,作者的朋友给作者举办的一个特殊的生日宴会。
第一处:考查固定用法。look
forward
to期盼,后面要接动词的ing形式,所以see改成seeing。
第二处:考查代词。指代前面的“我的朋友们”,所以him改成them。
第三处:考查冠词。我们将有一个特殊的生日宴会。泛指“一个特殊的生日宴会”,且special的首字母发音
是辅音,所以the改成a。
第四处:考查固定用法。be
filled
with是固定用法,意思是满是,充满,所以filled后面加with。
第五处:考查定语从句。这个句子含有一个非限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,指人,所以which
改成whom。
第六处:考查v+ed形式。v+ed修饰人,v+ing修饰物,这里描述作者的感受,所以disappointing改成
disappointed。
第七处:考查连词。when表示“当……的时候”。从句中既可用延续性动词,又可用非延续性动词,这些动
词既可以表示动作,又可表示状态,常跟一般过去时。while表示“在……的时候”“在……期间”。
while从句中必须是表示动作或状态的延续性动词,常跟过去进行时,所以while改成when。
第八处:考查时态。表示发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时,所以walk改成walked。
第九处:考查名词单复数。突然,所有的灯都开了。“所有的灯”是复数意义,所以light改成lights。
第十处:考查语态。my
friends与
appeared之间是主动关系,所以用主动语态,删去were。
高考名词专练
1.
(2019·全国I卷)In
recent
years
some
Inuit
people
in
Nunavut
have
reported
increases
in
bear
sightings
around
human
settlements,
leading
to
a
(believe)
that
populations
are
increasing.
belief
2.(2018·全国I卷)...reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all____(cause).
causes
3.(2017江苏,34)The
disappearance
of
dinosaurs
is
not
necessarily
caused
by
astronomical
incidents.
But
alternative________________(explain)
are
hard
to
find.
【答案】explanations
【解析】句意:恐龙灭绝未必是由天体事故造成的,但是很难找到其他的解释。设空处在此处作句子的主语,要用名词形式。根据谓语动词are可知此处要用名词的复数形式。
4.(2016浙江,4)It
is
important
to
pay
your_________________
(electric)bill
on
time,
as
late
payments
may
affect
your
credit.
【答案】electricity
【解析】句意:按时交电费很重要,因为晚交电费可能会影响你的信誉。本题考查名词作定语。名词作定语时,常用其单数形式,故答案为electricity。
5.(2016江苏,24)——Can
you
tell
us
your
recipe
for_________________(happy)
and
a
long
life?
---
Living
every
day
to
the
full
,
definitely
.
【答案】happiness
【解析】句意:——你能告诉我们你幸福、长寿的诀窍吗?——切地说,就是充实地度过每一天。介词后需用名词形式,happiness作“幸福”讲为不可数名词,故答案为happiness。
6.(2016天津,2)The
dictionary
is
out
of_________________
:
many
words
have
been
added
to
the
language
since
it
was
published.
【答案】date
【解析】句意:这本词典过时了:自从它出版以来,这种语言已经添加了许多单词。out
of
date过时。
7.(2015安徽,30)There
is
no
need
to
tell
me
your
answer
now.
Give
it
some_________________
(
think
)
and
then
let
me
know
.
【答案】thought
【解析】句意:现在没有必要告诉我你的答案,思考一下然后让我知道。本题考查名词。some修饰名词,故填thought。
8.(2015湖北,21)When
he
was
running
after
his
brother,
the
boy
lost
his
_________________
(balanced)
and
had
a
bad
fall.
【答案】balance
【解析】句意:这个男孩在追他哥哥的时候失去了平衡,重重地摔了一跤。lose
one's
balance失去平衡,符合语境。
9.(2015湖北,22)He
gave
himself
a
new
name
to
hide
his_________________
(identify)
when
he
went
to
carry
out
the
secret
task.
【答案】identity
【解析】句意:在去执行秘密任务的时候,为了隐藏自己的身份,他给自己取了一个新名字。考查名词。identify是动词,意为“鉴定,识别”。identity是名词,意为“身份”。
10.(2015江苏,32)Some
schools
will
have
to
make_________________
(adjust)in
agreement
with
the
national
soccer
reform.
【答案】adjustments
【解析】句意:有些学校将不得不做出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持一致。adjustment是adjust的名词形式,make
adjustments意为“做出调整”
11.(2015江苏,35)——Go
and
say
sorry
to
your
Mom,
Dave.
-
I'd
like
to
,
but
I'm
afraid
she
won't
be
happy
with
my
_________________
(apologize).
【答案】apology
【解析】句意:——Dave,去向你妈妈道歉。——我愿意去,但是我担心她对我的道歉并不会感到满意。apologize的名词形式是apology。
12.(2015浙江,15)One
of
the
most
effective
ways
to
reduce_________________
(stressed)
is
to
talk
about
feelings
with
someone
you
trust.
【答案】stress
【解析】句意:减轻压力最有效的方法之一就是与你信任的人谈谈感受。在本句中应用名词形式,stress是名词,意为“压力”。
13.(2014安徽,29)—Why
not
buy
a
second-hand
car
first
if
you
don't
have
enough
money
for
a
new
one?
-That's
a
good_________________(suggest)
【答案】suggestion
【解析】
句意:——如果你没有足够的钱买辆新车的话,为什么不先买辆二手车呢?——那个建议不错。根据句子结构可推知设空处需用名词形式,设空处前有不定冠词,故设空处填suggestion。
14.(2014湖北,21)Her_________________
(motivate)for
writing
was
a
desire
for
women
to
get
the
right
to
higher
education.
【答案】motivation
【解析】
句意:她写作的动机是渴望为妇女争取接受高等教育的权利。形容词性物主代词后需用名词形式,此外后面的谓语动词为was,故设空处需用名词单数形式。
15.(2013江西,22)Whenever
I
made
mistakes,
the
teacher
pointed
them
out
with
_________________
(patient).
【答案】patience
【解析】句意:每当我犯错时,老师都会耐心地把它们指出来。设空处前面为介词with,故应填写名词patience(耐心)。
16.(2013天津,7)While
she
was
in
Paris,
she
developed
a_________________
(tasty)for
fine
art.
【答案】taste
【解析】句意:在巴黎期间,她培养了对美术的兴趣。冠词a后加名词,故填taste。
考向1
名词的数
考向2
名词的格
考向3
名词作定语
考向4
主谓一致
难点剖析
检测训练