解密03
代词
【命题解读】
?1．近五年代词的考查点集中在不定代词上，考查角度有两个：一是考查它们相互间的意义和功能差别，如：
all,
everything
和anything
等的意义差别，it,
that
和one
不同的指代功能；二是它们之间语法牲的差异，
如it
(代词)
和which
(关系代词)
的区别。
2．试题注重了情景干扰，注重了特定语言环境中上下文的联系，而且题干的语义结构越来越复杂，正确分
析其结构、理解句意在解题中起着很重要的作用。
高考对代词的考查将继续沿着两条主线前进；
加强
语境的真实性和复杂性。
加强对语义较丰富、语法较复杂的不定代词的考查。?
【命题预测】
今后高考对代词的考查有所变化，主要考查it和人称代词的用法。这一专题在语法填空和短文改错中重点考查在语境中运用正确的代词。
【名师指导】
英语中代词的相关知识庞杂，代词在语言使用中又极力频繁，所以，代词的用法看似简单，其实不易。建议考生认真对待代词，不可掉以轻心。
首先要从整体上把握代词的知识，如代词种类的划分，了解各类代词的一般用法。更重要的是，根据上面所介绍的高考考查热点，更重点掌握几组易混词，尤其是不定代词间的用法区别。?解题规律如下：
1.
明确指代
在解答代词题目时，我们应首先分析前后文，明确代词所指代的对象，从而避免误判。具体说来应从以下几方面考虑：
（1）代词指代的对象是人还是物，与上文出现的人或物是同一个还是同一类；
（2）代词指代的对象是可数名词还是不可数名词；
（3）代词指代的是特指还是泛指概念。
2.理清逻辑
需要通过分析上下文所蕴涵的逻辑关系才能做出正确判断。具体说来应从以下方面去考虑:
（1）代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上；
（2）
代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。
一、
人称代词
1.
人称代词的分类和数：
2.
人称代词作主语时要用主格，作宾语时用宾格，作表语时常用宾格。
?She’s
my
classmate.
?I?bought?a?present?for?him.?
【名师点睛】
在强调句中人称代词的使用应该根据人称代词具体作什么成分而定。
?I
met
her
in
the
hospital.→It
was
her
who
I
met
in
the
hospital.
?It
was
I
that
first
arrived
at
the
airport.
3.
几个人称代词单数并列主语时，一般的排列顺序为：
单数二
三
一(人称)，即you,
he
,I。复数一二三，即we,
you,
they。
?You，she
and
I
will
be
in
charge
of
the
case.
1.（2020.全国Ⅰ卷.短文改错）Then
I
put
the
tomatoes
and
the
beaten
eggs
into
pan
together.
＂Not
that
way，＂
my
mom
tried
to
stop
us
but
failed.
She
was
right.
It
didn’t
tum
out
as
I
had
wished.
【答案】us改为me
【解析】考查代词。句意：“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我，但是失败了。根据上文可知，是作者一个人做菜，此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”，应使用第一人称单数的宾格，故将us改为me.
2.
（2020.全国Ш卷.短文改错）But
he
insists
on
us
eating
healthy
food.
Understanding
her
good
intentions,
I
eat
all
the
food
what
is
provided
by
Mom
with
appreciation.
【答案】he改成she。
【解析】考查代词。考查代词。句意：但是她坚持让我们吃健康的食物。文中指“我的妈妈”，是女性，所以he改成she。
3.（2018·新课标卷II·短文改错）As
kid,
I
loved
to
watch
cartoons,
but
no
matter
how
many
times
I
asked
to
them,
my
parents
would
not
let
me.
They
would
say
to
us
that
playing
card
games
would
help
my
brain.
【答案】us改为me
【解析】句意：他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。偷换人称代词，是对“我”说，前面提到的I，而不是we。故把us改为me。
4.
（2018·新课标卷III·语法填空）When
the
gorillas
and
I
frightened
each
other,
I
was
just
glad
to
find
____68____(they)
alive.
【答案】them
【解析】此处做find
的宾语，所以用宾格them。
二、
物主代词
1.物主代词的分类和数：
人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
人称代词
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
形容词性物主代词
my
our
your
your
his/her/its
their
名词性物主代词
mine
ours
yours
yours
his/hers/its
theirs
2.
物主代词的用法：
（1）形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句中只能作名词或动名词的前置定语，不能单独使用。
（2）名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，可单独作主语、表语和宾语，也可与of连用作
后置定语，但不能单独作定语
?This
isn’t
my
shirt;
mine
is
over
there.
1.
（2020.全国Ⅰ卷）Data
about
the
moon’s
composition,
such
as
how
69.
ice
and
other
treasures
it
contains,
could
help
China
decide
whether
70.
(it)
plans
for
a
future
lunar
(月球的)
base
are
practical.
【答案】its
【解析】考查物主代词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。根据70空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
2.
(2016·四川)
The
mother
continued
to
care
for
the
young
panda
(for)
more
than
two
years.
By
that
time,
the
panda
no
longer
needed
48
(it)
mother
for
food.
【答案】its
【解析】句意：小熊猫不再需要妈妈的食物。修饰名词要用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
3.
(2016·全国卷乙卷)
On
my
recent
visit,
I
held
a
lively
three-month-old
twin
that
had
been
rejected
by
(it)
mother.
【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。由语境及后面的名词mother可知,此空应该填it的形容词性物主代词its。
4.
(2016·全国卷乙卷)
Instead,
he
hopes
that
our
business
will
grow
steadily.
【答案】our→his
【解析】由语境及主语he可知，此处指的是他的公司，故将our改为his才合乎语境。
【巧学妙记】
三、
反身代词
1.
反身代词的形式
?
第一人称
???第二人称
?????第三人称
单数
myself
???yourself
himself
/
herself
/itself
复数
???ourselves
??yourselves
??????themselves
2.
反身代词常在enjoy,
teach,
hurt,
buy,
introduce等动词后和by,
for,
to
,of
等介词后作宾语
?All
of
them
enjoyed
themselves.
所有的人都玩得很好。
?Help
yourself
to
some
fish.
请自己动手吃点鱼吧。
3.
反身代词有时用于?be,
feel,
seem,
look
等后作表语，表示身体或精神处于正常状态。
?You
don’t
seem
yourself
today.
你今天好像不太好。
4.
强调用法：
反身代词在强调用法中表示强调，即用来加强某个名词或者代词的语气，可译成“亲自”、“本人”。此时，它在句中作同位语。即使去掉，也不影响句子的完整性。如：???
?You
must
do
it
yourself.
你必须自己做。??
?I
myself
did
the
homework
last
night。
昨晚是我自己做了家庭作业。
5.
含有反身代词的短语
for
oneself
给(为)自己，独自????????????????????????to
oneself
对自己
say
to
oneself
心里想??????????????????
??????
??????????talk
/
speak
to
oneself??自言自语
come
to
oneself
苏醒过来?????????????????
??
?????????absent
oneself??缺席
beside
oneself???失常，若狂??????????????????
????????by
oneself
独自地，单独地
of
oneself
独自，自发地
1.（2020.
山东新高考））As
well
as
looking
at
exhibits,
visitors
can
play
with
computer
simulations
(模拟)
and
imagine
42.
(they)
living
at
a
different
time
in
history
or
43.
(walk)through
a
rainforest.
【答案】themselves
【解析】考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
2.（2018·新课标卷III·短文改错）Some
of
us
were
confident
and
eager
take
part
in
the
class
activity,
others
were
nervous
and
anxious.
I
had
done
homework
but
I
was
shy.
【答案】myself改为my/the
【解析】句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用my不用myself，或改为定冠词the也可以。
3.
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ卷)
At
first,
I
thought
I
knew
everything
and
could
make
decisions
bu
yourself.
【答案】yourself→myself
【解析】由
4.
Those
who
smoke
heavily
should
remind
__________of
health,
the
bad
smell
and
the
feelings
of
other
people.
A.
theirs
B.
them
C.
themselves
D.
oneself
【答案】C
【解析】句意：那些烟瘾很大的人应该提醒自己注意健康，难闻的气味以及他人的感受。remind
oneself
of
sth.提醒自己当心某事。句子主语是those，故选择C项。
【巧学妙记】
1.
this,
that,
these,
those的区别
（1）this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。
?This
is
my
desk
and
that
is
yours.
?In
those
days
they
could
not
go
to
school.
（2）this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。
?I
want
to
tell
you
this：the
English
party
will
be
held
on
Saturday
afternoon.
?He
hurt
his
leg
yesterday.
That’s
why
he
didn’t
come.
（3）为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。
?The
weather
of
Beijing
is
colder
than
that
of
Nanjing.
?The
ears
of
a
rabbit
are
longer
than
those
of
a
fox.
（4）this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍，that用于询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词
so。
?Can
hard
work
change
a
person
that
much?
2.
so
（1）指示代词so在句中常作宾语，还常用在动词think,
believe,
suppose,
guess等后面，代替上文
提到的事情。
?——It’s
likely
to
snow.
好像要下雪了。
——I
believe
so.我想是的。
（2）用在hope,
I’m
afraid后，代替上文提到的观点，只用于肯定句。
?——Is
she
coming
to
the
party?
她回来聚会吗？
——I
hope
so.
我希望会。
（3）有时前后两个句子中有相同的“动词+宾语”，
为了避免重复，后一个句子中常用do
so来代替。
?——Have
you
handed
in
your
homework?你的家庭作业交了吗？
——I
did
so
yesterday.我昨天就交了。
3.
such
（1）指如前面所述的这样的人或事物。
?Such
is
our
plan
for
the
coming
holiday.
这就是我们为即将到来的假期制订的计划。
（2）such作定语修饰名词时，与all/any/no/some/many/several等词连用，常置于这些词的后面。
?All
such
things
can
be
found
on
the
Internet.
所有这些东西都可以在网上找到。
（3）such与不定冠词连用修饰可数名词单数时，such需置于不定冠词前；当such前有no时，则不用不定
冠词。
?He
is
such
a
lovely
boy
that
we
all
like
him.
他是如此可爱的一个男孩，我们都很喜欢他。
?There
is
no
such
man
here.
这里没有一个这样的人。
4.
one,
the
one,
that,
it的区别
易混词
含义
this
指代上文说过的事物或下文要提到的事物。代替可数名词复数用these。
that
用来指代上文提到的某一个名词，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，表示特指。代替可数名词复数用those(相当于the
ones)，后面必须有定语。
one
(复数形式是ones)只能用来指代上文提到的某一个可数名词单数，表示同名异物。其前可以有定语，其后也可以有定语。
it
指上文提到的同一个事物，也可指代前面(或后面)整句话的意思。通常还可用作形式主语或形式宾语。
?This
is
the
book
I
borrowed
from
Lucy.
这就是我从露西那儿借的书。
?The
population
of
Shandong
is
larger
than
that
of
Qinghai.
山东的人口比青海的人口多。
?I
don’t
like
the
blue
shirt.
I
like
the
yellow
one.
我不喜欢这件蓝色的衬衫。我喜欢那件黄色的。
?I?can’t?find?my?hat.?I?don’?t?know?where?I?put?it.
我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪儿了。
1.
（2018.浙江.
语法填空）Many
westerners
__57____come
to
China
cook
much
less
than
in
their
own
countries
once
they
realized
how
cheap
___58___can
be
to
eat
out.
【答案】58.
it.
【解析】句意：一旦他们意识到在外面吃饭有多么便宜。考查it的用法。空格处是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to
eat
out。
2.
(2016·浙江)In
many
ways,
the
education
system
in
the
US
is
not
very
different
from
_________
in
the
UK.
A.
that
B.
this
C.
one
D.
it
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系不太相同。指代上文的名词education
system，是同类不同物，用that，而且后面有介词短语作后置定语。this表示＂近指＂，one泛指可数名词单数，it特指上文提到的名词。故选A。
3.
Usually
there
might
be
a
lot
of
accidents
in
the
heavy
fog.
I
happened
to
witness
_______
this
morning.
A.
it
B.
those
C.
one
D.
that
【答案】C
【解析】句意：通常在大雾天会有很多事故。今天早上我碰巧目击了一起事故。根据语境可知，此处指上句提到的＂一起交通事故＂，故用one代替。即C项正确。
4.
I
like
this
house
with
a
beautiful
garden
in
front,
but
I
don’t
have
enough
money
to
buy
_______.
A.
one
B.
it
C.
this
D.
that
【答案】B
【解析】it=the
house
with
a
beautiful
garden
in
front。句意：我很喜欢屋前有一个美丽花园的这栋房子，但是我没有足够的钱去把它买下来。
1.
both,
either,
neither,
,
all,
none,
no
one,
nobody
●
both表示“两个人或物都”,具有肯定含义；
either表示“两者中的
任何一个”,与否定词连用，表示对两者的全部否定；
neither表示“两者都不”，其后可接of短语
●
all表示“全部”,指三者或三者以上的人或物,;all也可笼统地表示“一切,所有”；
none表示“三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定”,在与of连用或回答how
many/much的提问时只
能用none；
no
one=nobody表示“没有一个人”,其后均不可接of短语，
常用来回答who引导的问句。
?Both
of
my
parents
are
doctors.?我的父母都是医生。
?All
of
the
students
are
interested
in
it.?所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。
?He
has
two
sons,
neither
of
whom
is
rich.?他有两个儿子，都不富有。
?He
has
three
sons,
none
of
whom
is
rich.?他有三个儿子，都不富有。
2.
不定代词some与any的用法
在通常情况下，some要用于肯定句，在否定句或疑问句中，一般用any代替。但是，这只是一般情况。在某些特殊情况下，some也可用于疑问句和否定句。
(1)some用于疑问句：一是用于可预料答语为“是”的问句中，二是用于表示请求或建议的疑问句。如：
?Did
some
of
you
sleep
on
the
floor?
你们有人睡在了地板上吗?
?Would
you
like
some
more
fruit?
你要不要再吃点水果?
(2)some用于否定句：Some用于否定句主要见于以下情形：
①用于部分否定的句子中。比较：
I
do
not
like
any
of
the
films.
这些电影中我一部也不喜欢。
I
don’t
like
some
of
the
films.
这些电影中的某一些我不喜欢。
I
don’t
like
some
one
of
the
films.
这些电影中某一部我不喜欢。
②用于否定句，但在否定范围之外。如：
?I
haven’t
seen
Tom
for
some
years.
我有好几年没见到汤姆了。
?Some
of
the
students
didn’t
see
the
film.
其中有些学生没有看这部电影。
③用于否定句表示特别的强调。如：
?It
should
be
for
all
our
children,
not
just
some.
这应该适用于我们所有的儿童，而不仅仅是某些孩子。
④用于否定句介词without之后。如：
?It’s
risky
to
buy
a
car
without
some
good
advice.
不作些咨询就去买车是有风险的。
若在without后用any，则所表示的语气很强，含有“没有任何”“没有一点儿”之意。如：
?We
did
the
work
without
any
difficulty.
我们干这工作没有任何困难。
3.
few,
a
few
与
little,
a
little的用法
(1)
few和a
few的用法：其后要接可数名词的复数形式。few表示数量很少或几乎没有，强调“少”，含有
否定意义；a
few
表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有，强调“有”，含有肯定意义。比较：
?It
is
very
difficult,
and
few
people
understand
it.
它很难，没几个人能懂。
?It
is
very
difficult,
but
a
few
people
understand
it.
他虽难，但是有些人懂。
(2)
little
和
a
little的用法：其后接不可数名词，其用法区别跟few和a
few之间的区别相似。如：
?Unfortunately,
I
had
little
money
on
me.
很不巧，我身上没带什么钱。
?Fortunately,
I
had
a
little
money
on
me.
幸好我身上带着一点钱。
4.
other,
the
other,
another与others的用法
这些不定代词不仅在含义上有单复数之分，而且在用法上有泛指(无the)和特指(有the)之别。其用法区别可归纳如下：
(1)
指单数时的区别：若泛指用another，若特指用
the
other。如：
?Give
me
another
(one).
另外给我一个。
?Shut
the
other
eye,
please.
请把另一只眼睛也闭上。
(2)
指复数时的区别：若泛指用
other(后接复数名词)，若特指用the
other(后接复数名词)。如：
?There
are
other
ways
of
doing
it.
做这事还有其他的办法。
?Where
have
the
other
students
gone?
其他学生都到哪里去了？
(3)
others的用法：它永远表示复数意义(且其后不能再接名词)。其用法大致相当于“other+复数名词”，同样
地
the
others
大致相当于“the
other＋复数名词”。如：
?Other
people
[Others]
may
not
think
that
way.
别的人可能不这样想。
?He
is
cleverer
than
the
others
[the
other
students]
in
her
class.
他比班上其他学生聪明。
(4)
another的用法：一般只能表单数，且其后接名词也只能接单数名词。但是若其后有数词或
few
修饰时，
则也可接复数名词。如：
?We
need
another
few
chairs.
我们还需要几把椅子。
?In
another
two
weeks
it’ll
be
finished.
再过两个星期就可做完了。
5.
each和every
●each
指代或修饰单数可数名词，强调个体，多用于两者或两者以上的场合，可与of连用。作主语时，
谓语动词用单数
●every修饰单数可数名词，强调整体，用于三者或三者以上的场合，不与of连用。
?For
boys,
you
can
buy
socks
for
only
$5
each.
男士袜子每双只需5美元。
?Every
mother
loves
her
children
dearly.
每个母亲都非常爱自己的孩子。
6.
复合不定代词的用法
复合不定代词包括
something,
somebody,
someone,
anything,
anybody,
anyone,
nothing,
nobody,
no
one,
everything,
everybody,
everyone
等。它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。something,
someone
等和
anything,
anyone等的区别与
some
和
any
的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。具体使用时应注意以下几点：
(1)其定语修饰语的位置：复合不定代词受定语修饰时，定语应放在它们后面。如：
?There
is
nothing
wrong
with
the
radio.
这收音机没有毛病。
?Have
you
seen
anyone
[anybody]
famous?
你见过名人吗?
(2)复合不定代词与指示代词：指人的复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数，相应的人称代词
和物主代词也用单数
he,
him,
his
(不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词
they,
them,
their。如：
?If
anybody
comes,
ask
him
[them]
to
wait.
要是有人来，让他等着。
指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语，谓语动词只能用单数，相应的人称代词也只能用
it，而不用
they。如：
?Everything
is
ready,
isn’t
it?
一切都准备好了，是吗?
(3)其后是否接of短语：anyone,
everyone
等只能指人，不能指物，且其后一般不接of
短语。若是指物或后
接
of
短语，可用
any
one,
every
one
(分开写)。如：
any
one
of
the
boys
(books)
孩子们(书)当中的任何一个(本)
every
one
of
the
students
(schools)
每一个学生(一所学校)
1.(2018·新课标卷I·短文改错)
The
first
time
I
went
there,
they
were
living
in
a
small
house
with
dogs,
ducks,
and
another
animals.
【答案】another改为other
【解析】他们住在一个小房子里，院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。根据句意可知，将another改成other。
2.
The
meeting
will
be
held
in
September,
but
______
knows
the
date
for
sure.
A.
everybody
B.
nobody
C.
anybody
D.
somebody
【答案】B
【解析】句意：会议将在九月份举行，但是没有人知道确切日期。根据两句话之间的并列连词but可知，前后语意是转折关系，虽然都知道是在九月份，但是没有人知道具体的日期。
3.
Niki
is
always
full
of
ideas,
but
______
is
useful
to
my
knowledge.
A.
nothing
B.
no
one
C.
neither
D.
none
【答案】D
【解析】句意：Niki总是有各种想法，但没有一个对我的认知有帮助。nothing泛指＂什么东西都没有＂；no
one泛指＂没有人＂；neither指的是＂两者都不＂；none则特指没有特定的人或物，范围是三者或三者以上。语境中full
of
ideas指的是三者或三者以上，因此none符合题意，故选D。
4.
——When
shall
I
call,
in
the
morning
or
afternoon?
——________.
I’ll
be
in
all
day.
【答案】Either
【解析】句意：“我该什么时间给你打电话，早上还是下午？”“都可以，我一整天都在家。”上句提到了两个时间，故可用both,
either,
neither。在根据“一整天都在家”可知，两个时间中的那个时间来都可以。
it作为代词用法非常灵活，可用于代替上文中提到的事物，代替上文中说到的一件事，代替不知情的人（尤其是不知身份、性别和姓名的人）。也可用于表示时间、天气、距离、计算结果等。还可用来代替不定式、动名词、从句等，充当形式主语或形式宾语。
一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情
一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情，没有性别的区分；可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，在句子中既可以作主语，也可以作宾语。
1.
指动物和植物。
?
Look
at
that
bird.
It
always
comes
to
my
window.
看看那只鸟。它总是飞到我的窗前来。
2.
指代无生命的东西。
?
This
is
my
watch.
It’s
made
in
Switzerland.
这是我的手表。它是瑞士产的。
3.
代替上文提到过的整个事情。
?
Well,
you
mustn’t
play
on
the
road.
It’s
dangerous!
哦，你不能在马路上玩。这是危险的！
二、用于指代人
1.
指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。
?
—Who
is
knocking
at
the
door?
——谁在敲门？
—It’s
me.
——是我。
2.
指说话者心目中的那个人。
?
—Look,
someone
is
coming.
Who
can
it
be?
——看，有人过来了。他可能是谁呢？
—It
may
be
the
headmaster.
——可能是校长。
3.
在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时，常用it指人。
?
—Who’s
that?
——那人是谁？
—Is
it
Helen?
——是海伦吗？
—Yes,
I
think
you’re
right.
It’s
Helen.
——是的，我想你说对了，是海伦。
三、用于指时间、距离和自然现象等
1.
表示时间。
?
—What’s
the
date?
——今天是几月几日？
—It’s
the
third
of
March.
——今天是3月3日。
2.
表示距离。
?
It’s
only
five
minutes’
walk
from
here.
离这儿仅有五分钟步行的路程。
3.
表示自然现象。
?
It
is
going
to
rain.
天要下雨了。
4.
表示环境、形势等。
?
If
it’s
convenient,
I
can
see
you
tomorrow.
如果方便的话，我明天能见到你。
四、用作形式主语，替代动词不定式，动名词或从句
1.
It
is
clear
(obvious，true，possible，certain...)
that...该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语
从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，可能，肯定……）＂。
?
It
is
very
clear
that
he
doesn’t
like
it.＝That
he
doesn’t
like
it
is
very
clear.
很明显他不喜欢它。
2.
It
is
said
(reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped...)
that...该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语
是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉……）＂。
?
It
is
reported
that
another
satellite
has
been
put
into
orbit.
据报道又一颗卫星被送入轨道。
3.
It
is
time
(about
time，high
time)
that...该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是从句的谓语
动词常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用should＋动词原形，should不能省略，常译为＂是（正是）……的
时候了＂。
?
It
is
time
that
children
should
go
to
bed.＝It
is
time
that
children
went
to
bed.
孩子们该睡了。
4.
It
is
the
first
(second...)
time
that...该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，
由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后
面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this/that替换，常译为＂是第一（二）……
次做……＂。
?
It
is
the
first
time
I
have
been
here.
这是我第一次到这里来。
5.
It
is
a
pity
(a
shame/an
honour/a
good
thing/a
fact/a
surprise/...)
that...该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should＋动词原形），should可省略，表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
?
It
is
a
pity
that
such
a
thing
(should)
happen
in
your
class.
这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
?
It
is
a
pity
that
he
is
ill.
他生病了，真遗憾！
6.
It
happens
(seems，looks，appears)
that...该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen，
seem等词是不及物动词。
?
It
seems
that
he
will
be
back
in
a
few
days.
看来他再过几天才能回来。
7.
It
be＋adj.(kind,
nice,
brave,
clever,
stupid...)
of
sb＋to
do
sth该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定
式的逻辑主语由of引起，句中的形容词必须是表示逻辑主语特征的形容词（即句中的形容词是修饰逻辑
主语的）。常见的形容词有bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，good(好心的)，honest，horrible，
kind，lazy，modest，naughty，nice，polite，rude，silly，stupid，wise，wrong等。这个句型可以转换为：
sb
is＋adj.＋to
do
sth
?
It
is
kind
of
you
to
say
so.＝You
are
kind
to
say
so.
你这么说真是太善良了。
8.
It
be＋adj.(difficult，easy，hard，important)
for
sb
to
do
sth该句型与上一个同属一个句型。不定式的逻辑
主语由for引起，形容词常表示重要性、紧迫性、频繁程度、难易、安全等情况（即句中的形容词是修饰
动词不定式的）。常见的形容词有important，necessary，natural，easy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult，
dangerous，unusual，impossible，pleasant等。
?
It
is
important
for
her
to
come
to
the
party.＝It
is
important
that
she
(should)
come
to
the
party.
对她来说，参加这次聚会很重要。
9.
It
takes
sb
some
time
to
do
sth
做某事花费某人……时间
?
It
took
me
five
days
to
solve
the
problem.
解决这个问题花了我五天时间。
10.
It
costs
sb
some
money
to
do
sth
做某事花费某人……钱
?
It
will
cost
my
father
five
thousand
yuan
to
buy
such
a
computer.
买这台电脑花了我父亲5,
000元。
11.
It’s
up
to
sb
to
do
sth
应由某人(负责)做……
?
It
is
up
to
you
to
decide
whether
to
take
the
job
or
not.
做不做这份工作由你决定。
12.
It’s
useless/(of)
no
use/(of)
no
good
doing
sth
该句型常译为＂做……是徒然的/没有益处的＂，句中的动名词短语是真正的主语，表语可以是no
use(＝not
any
use)，no
good(＝not
any
good)等。
?
It’s
no
use
arguing
with
her.
跟她争论没有用。
五、作形式宾语
1.
用于
＂主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语＂
句型中：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语
从句时，常用it作形式宾语，而往往把真正的宾语——不定式、动名词或宾语从句置于补足语之后。
?
I
think
it
important
that
we
should
keep
calm.
我认为我们应该保持安静，这很重要。
?
I
feel
it
my
duty
that
I
should
devote
myself
to
teaching.
我感到致力于教学是我的责任。
?
I
make
it
a
rule
that
I
read
English
every
morning.
每天早晨读英语是我的习惯。
2.
用于＂主语＋及物动词＋宾语＂句型中：有些动词或短语动词不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，需要在从句前先加上形式宾语it。
①appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)，have(表明，坚持说)，take(认为，猜想)，hide(隐瞒)，publish(公布)，put(表达，写出来)等。
?
I
take
it
that
you
will
be
leaving
Shanghai
soon.
我认为你会很快离开上海。
?
The
report
has
it
that
no
one
was
to
blame
for
the
accident.
报告表明没有人要对这次事故负责。
?
We
published
it
that
we
had
finished
the
project
ahead
of
time.
我们宣布我们已提前竣工了。
②answer
for(承担……的后果)，count
on(期待)，depend
on(依靠)，insist
on(坚持主张，坚决要求)，see
to(确保)等。
?
I
am
counting
on
it
that
you
will
come.
我期待你会来。
六、it构成强调句
1.
强调句型的基本结构为：It
is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。
2.
强调句型强调的成分
强调句型强调的成分：主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时，用who或that皆可；指物时，只能用that；被强调部分是时间、地点，原因或方式状语时，不用when，where，why或how而用that。
?
It
was
the
beautiful
lady
that/who
I
met
in
the
hotel
yesterday.
我昨天在旅馆里遇到的正是这位漂亮女士。(强调宾语)
?
It
was
in
Beijing
that
we
visited
the
Bird’s
Nest
and
Water
Cube.
正是在北京我们参观了鸟巢和水立方。(强调地点状语)
?
It
is
my
mother
who/that
reminds
me
to
get
up
on
time
every
day.
每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。(强调主语)
3.
对not...until结构的强调
not...until结构的强调句型为＂It
is/was
not
until...that...＂在这一固定句型中，由于not已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式。
?
He
didn’t
go
to
bed
until
ten
o’clock.→It
was
not
until
ten
o’clock
that
he
went
to
bed.
直到10点他才睡觉。
?
I
didn’t
realize
it
until
I
got
off
the
bus.→It
was
not
until
I
got
off
the
bus
that
I
realized
it.
4.
如何识别强调句型
强调句型中的it
is/was和that无实际意义，去掉后，句子结构仍然完整、正确，句意仍然明确；而其他句型去掉it
is/was和that后，句意不完整。
?
It
is
for
three
hours
that
they
have
worked.
他们已经工作三个小时了。（强调句型）
?
It
is
a
wonder
that
he
is
still
alive.
他还活着真是个奇迹。（it作形式主语）
1.（2018·浙江卷·语法填空）Many
westerners
57
（who/that）
come
to
China
cook
much
less
than
in
their
own
countries
once
they
realize
how
cheap
58
can
be
to
eat
out.
【答案】it
【解析】考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it
can
be
cheap
to
eat
out.其中不定式to
eat
out是真正主语，用it
是形式主语。故填it。
2.（2017﹒天津卷）It
was
when
I
got
back
to
my
apartment
______
I
first
came
across
my
new
neighbors.
A.
who
B.
where
C.
which
D.
that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It
was开头，后面连
词首选that，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It
was
和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。
故选D。
3.
（2016﹒天津卷）You
are
waiting
at
a
wrong
place.
It
is
at
the
hotel
__________
the
coach
picks
up
tourists.
A.
who
B.
which
C.
where
D.
that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句，结构是：It
is/was+
强调部分+that+其余部分，如果强调部分是人，也可以用who，这句话强调的是地点状语at
the
hotel。故
选D。
4.
（2015·浙江）How
would
you
like
if
you
were
watching
your
favorite
TV
program
and
someone
came
into
the
room
and
just
shut
it
off
without
asking
you?
A.
them
B.
one
C.
those
D.
it
【答案】D
【解析】句意：当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时，突然有个人进来，一声不吭地关掉电视，你会怎么想？
It作形式宾语，指代If后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句，一个条件状语从句（if）和两个并列句
(and)。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句you
would
like______.分析句子结构知道like之后缺少一个宾语，
需要一个宾格代词充当，所以答案选it。
5.（2015·天津）The
quality
of
education
in
this
small
school
is
better
than
______
in
some
larger
schools.
A.
that
B.
one
C.
it
D.
this
【答案】A
【解析】句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the
quality
of
education，故用代词that。代词it和one都代指可数名词单数。故选A。
一、部分否定与全部否定
1.
no
one,
none,
nobody,
nothing以及“no与名词连用”等都表示全部否定。
?None
of
us
was
going
to
the
party.
我们之中没人去参加那个聚会。
2.
当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词all,
both,
everyone,
everybody,
everthing等以及“every+名词”
的句子中时，不管not在它们之前还是之后都表示部分否定。
?Not
all
of
them
smoke.
=
All
of
them
don’t
smoke.
他们当中不是所有的人都抽烟。
?All
of
the
boys
are
clever,
but
none
of
them
can
work
out
this
problem.
这些男孩都很聪明，但他们当中没有一个人能解出这道题。
二、
it构成的几个易混淆的句型
1.
It+be+时间+since引导的状语从句
这个句型表示从since
从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，意为“自从……以来已多久了”。表示现在的情况时，主句多用一般现在时，从句多用一般过去时；表示过去的情况时，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。如：
?It
is
three
years
since
his
father
passed
away.
自从他父亲去世已经三年了。
?It
was
10
years
since
they
had
married.
自从他们结婚已经十年了。
2.
It+be+时间+before引导的状语从句
这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语，如some
time,
long,
years,
months,
weeks,
days,
hours,
minutes等。主句中的谓语动词用肯定式时，意为“过多长时间才……”；用否定式时，意为“没过多长时间就……”。主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时will
be/be
going
to
be：用was
时，before从句的动词用一般过去时；用will
be
时，before从句常用一般现在时。
如：
?It
was
some
time
before
I
realized
the
truth.
过了一段时间我才了解到真相。
?It
wasn’t
long
before
he
told
us
about
this
affair.没过多久他就告诉了我们这件事情。
?It
will
be
many
years
before
the
situation
improves.
这种状况要过许多年才能得到改善。
3.
It+be+时间+when引导的状语从句
这个句型中,
it
指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词(时间一般为具体时间)。主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，但是当主句是will
be时，when从句一般用一般现在时代替将来时。如：
?It
was
already
8
o’clock
when
we
got
home.
我们到家时已经8点了。
?It
will
be
the
next
morning
when
we
finish
our
work.
我们结束工作时将是第二天早晨。
题组一
真题在线
1.（2017·全国卷Ⅱ）However,
the
railway
quickly
proved
to
be
a
great
success
and
within
six
months,
more
than
25,000
people
were
using
67 every
day.
【答案】it
【解析】根据上文“the
railway
quickly”可知，此处用it代替the
railway。
2.（2017·全国卷Ⅱ·短文改错）Mr.
and
Mrs.
Zhang
all
work
in
our
school.
【答案】all
→both或者all去掉
【解析】因为主语是两个人，所以用both表示两者都，而all则表示三者或三者以上的全部。此处将all去掉也可以。
3.（2017·全国卷Ⅲ·短文改错）This
picture
often
brings
back
to
me
many
happy
memories
of
your
high
school
days.
【答案】your
→my
【解析】全文介绍的是“我”的故事，因此这里应该是“我”高中时期的回忆。
4.（2015·重庆）The
meeting
will
be
held
in
September,
but_________
knows
the
date
for
sure.
A.
everybody
B.
nobody
C.
anybody
D.
somebody
【答案】B
【解祈】句意：会议将在九月举行，但没有人知道确切的日期。根据but表达转折可知没有人知道，故选B项。
5.（2015·陕西）To
warm
himself,
the
sailor
sat
in
front
of
the
fire
rubbing
one
bare
foot
against
.
A.
another
B.
the
other
C.
other
D.
either
【答案】B
【解析】句意：为了提醒自己，这个水手坐在火前面一只光脚摩擦另外一只脚。因为人有两只脚，一只是one，另外一只是the
other，所以选B。
6.（2015·福建）The
research
group
produced
two
reports
based
on
the
survey,
but
_________
contained
any
useful
suggestions.
A.
all
B.
none
C.
either
D.
neither
【答案】D
【解析】all全部；
none没有一个；
either两个中任何一个；neither两者都不。句意：那个研究团队在那个调查上得出了两个报告，但是两个报告里面都没有任何有用的参考。故选D。
7.（2014·全国大纲卷）—Who’s
that
at
the
door?
—__________
is
the
milkman.
A.
He
B.
It
C.
This
D.
That
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词的用法。句意：——谁在门外？——是送牛奶的。因为不知道门外的是什么人。故用it指代不清楚的人。故选B。
8.（2014·全国大纲卷）I
think
Mrs.
Stark
could
be
_______
between
50
and
60
years
of
age.
A.
anywhere
B.
anybody
C.
anyhow
D.
anything
【答案】A
【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意：我认为Stark夫人在50到60岁之间在哪里都行。此处anywhere意为：任何地方，符合句意。
9.（2014·重庆）A
smile
costs
_______,
but
gives
much.
A.
anything
B.
something
C.
nothing
D.
everything
【答案】C
【解析】句意：微笑是无需付出任何成本的。该句中的but一词构成前后语义矛盾，＂微笑不花钱，但却给予他人很多。nothing与much形成语义对比。故本题选择C项。cost
nothing意为＂无需付出＂。
10.（2014·山东）Susan
made______
clear
to
me
that
she
wished
to
make
a
new
life
for
herself.
A.
that
B.
this
C.
it
D.
her
【答案】C
【解析】这是一个宾语从句，make的宾语是that引导的句子，在本句中用it做形式宾语代指that引导的宾语从句。句意：Susan向我表明她希望能过上新的生活。故答案选C。
题组二
名校模拟
Ⅰ.
单项填空
1.
“Made
in
China
2025”
aims
to
transform
China
from
a
product-making
factory
into
a
product-making
power,
______
driven
by
innovation
and
emphasizing
quality
over
quantity.
A.
the
one
that
B.
one
that
C.
one
D.
the
one
【答案】C
【解析】考查代词的用法。one表示泛指，相当于“a(an)+名词”，代替的是同类事物中的“一个”；that表示特指，相当于“the+名词”；代词one="
a/"
an
+n处one="a"
product-making
power；而________driven
by
innovation
and
emphasizes
quality
over
quantity中driven
by
只是一个非谓语短语（be
driven
by
被……驱使）作定语，因此不需要连词引导。所以排除A、
B。one表示泛指，相当于“the+名词”可以排除D。句意：“2025中国制造”的目标是把中国从一个产品制造工厂变成一个产品制造大国，一个以创新为导向、强调质量而不是数量的大国。故选C。
2．The
mistakes
made
by
Chinese
students
are
quite
different
from
_______
made
by
Japanese
students
in
English
study.
A.it
B.that
C.ones
D.those
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词。句意:在英语学习中,中国学生所犯的错误与日本学生所犯的错误是迥然不同的。分析句意及句子结构可知,空处在句中特指日本学生所犯的错误,且为复数概念,故应填those。
【名师点金】①it代替前面出现的"同名同物"的名词,表示特指概念,相当于"the/this/that/my等+可数名词单数";②that代替前面提到的"同类异物"的可数名词单数或不可数名词,表示特指,相当于"the+可数名词单数/不可数名词";③one代替前面出现的"同类异物"的可数名词单数,相当于"a/an+可数名词单数",表示泛指概念,其复数形式是ones;④those代替前面提到的可数名词复数,表示特指概念,相当于"the+可数名词复数",也相当于the
ones。
3．Come
off
it!
Oversleeping
is
as
lame
an
excuse
as________
other.
A.one
B.each
C.some
D.any
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词。句意：不要再这样做了，睡懒觉像其他任何的借口一样没有说服力。one
other另一个；each
other互相，彼此；some
other其他一些；any
other任何其他一个。故选D。
4．—_________that
students
are
interested
in
should
be
encouraged.
—_________.
Sometimes
we
should
make
it
clear
what
is
not
allowed.
A.Anything;
I
can’t
agree
more
B.Nothing;
That’s
for
sure
C.Not
all;
I
can’t
agree
D.Not
everything;
Exactly
【答案】D
【解析】考查部分否定和情景交际。句意：——不是学生们感兴趣的每一件事都应该被鼓励。——的确如此。有时我们应该弄清楚什么是不允许的。Not
everything是部分否定，表示“不是每一件事都……”，Exactly表示对对方观点的肯定。
5．Although
we
produce
carbon
when
we
breathe,
the
carbon
we
produce
is
much
less
than
_____
produced
by
a
car.
A.that
B.it
C.one
D.the
one
【答案】A
【解析】考查代词的用法。虽然当我们呼吸的时候，我们会呼出二氧化碳，但那比汽车放出的要少得多。这里指代“同类不同物”，而且carbon是一个不可数名词。故用that。
6．Before
_______
stood
a
terrible
man;
the
little
girl
could
do
nothing
_______.
A.she;but
cry
B.her;but
cry
C.she;but
to
cry
D.her;but
crying
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词和非谓语动词。句意：一个可怕的人站在面前，这个小女孩除了哭什么也不能做。表示方位的介词短语置于句首，句子使用完全倒装，before置句首，故空格处是介词before的宾语，作宾语用人称代词的宾格，故第一空填her；“do
nothing
but
do
sth.”表示“除了做某事什么也做不了”，but是介词，后可以接不定式作宾语，如果前文中有实义动词do的形式，则省略不定式符号to。故选B。
7．I
haven’t
watched
__________
of
the
films
directed
by
Mr.
Turner,
but
judging
from
the
one
I
have
watched,
I
believe
he
will
be
famous
someday.
A.any
B.none
C.all
D.either
【答案】C
【解析】考查代词。句意：我没看过特纳先生执导的所有电影，但从我看的这一部判断，我相信他某一天会出名的。all用于否定句中表示“部分否定”，符合语境。故选C。
8．Those
who
smoke
heavily
should
remind__________of
health
,the
bad
smell
and
the
feelings
of
other
people.
A.theirs
B.them
C.themselves
D.oneself
【答案】C
【解析】句意：那些烟瘾很大的人应该提醒自己注意健康，难闻的气味以及他人的感受。remind
oneself
of提醒自己当心某事，但句子主语是those，故选择C项。
9．Change
can
be
scary,
but
it’s
during
transformations
that
some
of
the
best
opportunities
present
______.
A.it
B.one
C.those
D.themselves
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意：变化有时会是可怕的，但是就是在转变过程中有些好机会才会自动出现。此处强调好机会自动出现，present意为“呈现”，故此题应选D。
10．Young
people
should
be
independent,
and
don't
take
_______
for
granted
that
you
can
depend
on
your
parents
when
in
trouble.
A.one
B.it
C.this
D.that
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词。句意为：年轻人应该独立，不能把遇到困难就依靠父母当作理所当然的事情。take
it
for
granted
that...是固定句型，表示“认为……理所当然”。
11．He
didn't
make
_______
clear
when
and
where
the
sports
meet
would
be
held.
A.this
B.it
C.that
D.one
【答案】B
【解析】考查it的用法。句意：他没有弄清楚运动会将于何时何地举行。A.this代指下文的情况；B.it形式主语或形式宾语，代指句中真正主语或宾语；C.that代指上文的情况；D.one代指上文的可数名词单数。句中it为形式宾语，clear是宾补，真正宾语是when
and
where
the
sports
meet
would
be
held，故选B。
12．—Can
I
help
you?
—I’d
like
to
buy
a
present
for
my
father’s
birthday,
_______
at
a
proper
price
but
of
good
use.
A.one
B.it
C.that
D.which
【答案】A
【解析】考查代词。句意：——需要帮忙么？——我想给我爸爸买一件生日礼物，一件价格合理但很实用的礼物。One指代前面提到的a
present，表示泛指，it指所替代的那一事物，that替代前面的同一类事物，但不是同一个，which指前面的同一事物。
13．Though
its
GDP
ranks
second
in
the
world,
China
remains
a
developing
country
with
its
average
family
income
far
below
_______
of
Western
developed
countries.
A.it
B.those
C.one
D.that
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词。句意：虽然中国的GDP世界排名第二，但它仍然是一个发展中国家，其家庭平均收入远低于西方发达国家的家庭平均收入。空处指代前面提到的"average
family
income"，同名不同物，且表示特指，故用that。
14．The
yield
of
the
new
rice
is
much
greater
than
of
other
types
of
rice
grown
in
Pakistan.
A.one
B.
that
C.
it
D.
what
【答案】B
【解析】考查替代词。句意：这种新水稻比种植在巴基斯坦的其他种类的水稻的产量高得多。one泛指上文的提到的可数名词单数；that特指上文提到的可数名词或者不可数名词；it指代同一名词；what是连词。空格指代上文提到的yield，特指在其他种类水稻的产量，故用that。故选B。
15．He
didn't
make
clear
when
and
where
the
sports
meet
would
be
held.
A.
this
B.it
C.
that
D.one
【答案】B
【解析】考查it的用法。句意：他没有弄清楚运动会将于何时何地举行。A.this代指下文的情况；B.it形式主语或形式宾语，代指句中真正主语或宾语；C.that代指上文的情况；D.one代指上文的可数名词单数。句中it为形式宾语，clear是宾补，真正宾语是when
and
where
the
sports
meet
would
be
held，故选B。
Ⅱ.
语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For
those? 1 have
seen
War
for
the
Planet
of
the
Apes,
it’s
easy
to
come
to
this
conclusion---the
movie
isn’t
about
war
or
the
planet,
and
it’s
not? 2 (necessary)
even
about
the
apes.
The
movie
is
about? 3 (survive)
and
the
choices
we
all
make
when
one
wants
to
survive,
good
or
bad.
With
a
story
that
should
have
been
full
of
conflict
and
violence,
it
takes
a
different
approach.
You
may
find? 4 (you)
exposed
to
small
pockets
of
action.
While
recent
sci-fi
movies
have
become? 5 (know)
for
their
action
and
scenes,
War
for
the
Planet
of
the
Apes
has
taken
science
fiction? 6 a
thoughtful
and
intelligent
direction.
War
for
the
Planet
of
the
Apes
may
not
be
the
action
and
monster
film
that
you
had
in
mind,? 7 it’s
the
kind
of
film
that
will
make
you
want
to
sit
in
silence
in
the
theater
for
a
few
minutes
after
it
ends,
taking
in? 8 you’ve
just
witnessed.
The
few
movies
that
have
that
effect? 9 (be)
usually
about
humans,
but
this
film
enables
people? 10 (feel)
that
way
about
apes.
And
that
is
what
makes
it
a
masterpiece.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了电影《猩球崛起3：终极之战》。
1.
who
考查定语从句。此处为定语从句，先行词为those，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故填who。
2.
necessarily
考查副词。修饰动词或形容词用副词，故填necessarily。
3.
survival
考查名词。此处用名词作宾语，表示抽象意义的“生存、幸存”，故填survival。
4.
yourself
考查代词。此处与前面的You指的是一个人，所以用反身代词，故填yourself。
5.
known
考查形容词。be
known
for表示“因……而众所周知”。
6.
in
考查介词。in
direction表示“朝……的方向”。
7.
but
考查连词。前后句意可知，前后是转折关系，所以用but连接。
8.
what
考查宾语从句。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故填what。
9.
are
考查主谓一致。主语是The
few
movies，be动词用复数，且为一般现在时态，故填are。
10.
to
feel
考查非谓语动词。enable
sb
to
do表示“使某人能够做……”。
Ⅲ.
短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.
每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.
只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I
can
still
remember
I
was
once
asked
to
make
speech
before
the
whole
class
at
the
age
of
9.
You
can
imagine
how
shy
I
was
when
I
thought
of
that
with
so
many
eyes
fixed
to
me.
I
had
no
more
choice
but
to
prepare
for
it,
though.
The
hardest
part
was
my
oral
presentation
from
my
memory,
for
reading
from
the
paper
wasn’t
allowing.
The
real
moment
began
before
I
stood
on
the
platform
with
my
legs
trembling
or
my
mind
blank.
But
my
listeners
were
waiting
patient.
Gradually,
I
found
me
back,
giving
my
speech
at
last.
After
what
seemed
to
be
a
long
time,
I
heard
all
the
listeners
applauding
loudly.
Ever
since
then,
my
fear
of
speak
before
a
big
audience
had
disappeared.
Actually,
now
I’ve
become
a
great
speaker!
【答案】
I
can
still
remember
I
was
once
asked
to
make
speech
before
the
whole
class
at
the
age
of
9.
You
can
imagine
how
shy
I
was
when
I
thought
of
that
with
so
many
eyes
fixed??me.
I
had
no
③
choice
but
to
prepare
for
it,
though.
The
hardest
part
was
my
oral
presentation
from
my
memory,
for
reading
from
the
paper
wasn’t?.
The
real
moment
began??I
stood
on
the
platform
with
my
legs
trembling??my
mind
blank.
But
my
listeners
were
waiting?.
Gradually,
I
found??back,
giving
my
speech
at
last.
After
what
seemed
to
be
a
long
time,
I
heard
all
the
listeners
applauding
loudly.
Ever
since
then,
my
fear
of??before
a
big
audience??disappeared.
Actually,
now
I’ve
become
a
great
speaker!
【解析】
第一处：考查冠词。speech作
"演讲"讲时,是可数名词。故在其前加a。
第二处：考查固定短语。fix
on/upon意为"(眼神或注意力)集中于……",为固定搭配。
第三处：考查固定结构。have
no
choice
but...意为"除了……别无选择",为固定结构。
第四处：考查被动语态。主语reading
from
the
paper与动词allow是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态,此处表示读稿子上的内容是不被允许的。
第五处：考查从属连词。结合语境可知,此处表示"当……时"或"在……以后",故用when/as或after。
第六处：考查并列连词。"双腿发抖"和"脑袋空白"是并列关系。
第七处：考查副词。此处表示"耐心地等待",修饰动词wait用patient的副词形式。
第八处：考查代词。I
found
myself
back表示"我觉得自己找回了状态",myself强调自身。
第九处：考查动名词。of为介词,其后若接动词,应用动词的-ing形式。
第十处：考查时态。根据时间状语Ever
since
then"从那时起一直到说话这一刻"可知,应用现在完成时。
代词专练
一.单句填空
1.Raise
your
leg
and
let
_____________
stay
in
the
air
for
seconds.
2.Mulan’s
characteristics，such
as
courage,
kindness
and
a
careless
attitude
toward
fame
and
fortune,
made
____________(she)
one
of
the
most
respected
historical
Chinese
heroines.
3.When
young
people
are
asked
what
makes
the
generation
unique,_____________
put
“technology
use”
first.
4.Soldiers
helped
to
take
people
out
of
the
flooded
area
and
the
welfare
department
brought
___________(they)
food,
clothes
and
medicine.
5.Susan
made__________clear
to
me
that
she
wished
to
make
a
new
life
for
herself.
6.A
couple
of
days
ago,
I
met
a
friend
of?__________(me)
at
a
local
cafeteria
for
a
chat.
7.A
few
years
before,
I’d
been
at
home
in
Hong
Kong,
with?__________(it)
choking
smoke.
8.They
find
the
style
of
the
young
painter
is
modeled
after
_____________
of
the
master
Xu
Beihong.
9.At
our
factory
there
are
a
few
machines
similar
to?__________?described
in
this
magazine.
10.I’m
moving
to
the
countryside
because
the
air
there
is
much
fresher
than__________?in
the
city.
11.In
many
ways,
the
education
system
in
the
US
is
not
very
different
from__________?in
the
UK.
12.This
is__________?my
father
has
taught
me—to
always
face
difficulties
and
hope
for
the
best.
13.—Would
you
like
tea
or
coffee?
—?__________(Both/Either/Neither),
thank
you.
I've
just
had
some
water.
14.We
should
move
on
bravely
on
our
life
journey
____________
difficulties
we
meet
with.
15.But
____________
it
does
have
is
a
bunch
of
middle-aged
actors
and
actresses
pretending
to
be
high
school
students.
二．单句改错
1.From
that
I
understand，
people
are
destroying
thousands
of
square
kilometers
of
trees
every
day.
2.We
should
be
grateful
to
them
in
return
for
which
they
have
done
for
us.
3.I
think
that
accepting
failure
is
that
we
need
to
do
first
before
we
succeed
eventually.
4.People
of
all
ages
happily
walk
along
the
pavement
with
their
attention
focused
on
the
mobile
phones,
quite
unaware
of
that
is
going
on
around
them.
5.After
all,anything
is
more
precious
than
time.
6.I
miss
you
very
much
and
thus
I’m
writing
to
tell
you
anything
about
my
new
life
at
college.
7.The
father
and
his
son
all
shook
my
hand
and
thanked
me
again
and
again.
8.My
uncle
gave
my
cousins
and
me
some
wine
and
said,“Now
enjoy
yourself,
but
don’t
get
drunk!
”
9.We
Chinese
people
call
us
descendants
of
the
dragon,
hoping
that
we
are
brave
and
powerful
enough
to
succeed.
10.Buses
should
have
its
own
special
lanes
to
facilitate
public
transport.
11.John
is
a
taxi
driver
in
London.
Last
week
her
mother
gave
him
two
tickets
for
a
play.
12.Sometimes
it
is
necessary
to
read
a
book
more
than
once
in
order
to
absorb
it’s
full
benefit.
13.A
man
was
selling
fresh
fish
and
a
lot
of
buyers
were
crowding
around
him
choosing
what
he
wanted.
14.He
had
a
deep
voice,
which
set
himself
apart
from
others
in
our
small
town.
15.Last
month,I
gave
some
of
my
clothes
to
a
girl
who
needed
it
because
her
parents
didn’t
have
money
to
buy
her
new
clothes.
参考答案
一．
1.答案：it
根据语境判断,空格处应指代前文中的your
leg,并作动词let的宾语,故填代词it。
2.答案：her
解析：句意:木兰的品质,如勇敢、善良和对名利淡漠的态度,
使她成为中国历史上最受尊敬的女英雄之一。空格处指代Mulan,在动词made后作宾语,故用宾格her。
3.答案：they
句意:当年轻人被问及是什么使这一代人独一无二时,他们的第一个答案是“科技的应用"。分析句子结构可知,空格处作主语,指代young
people,故填they。
4.答案：them
句意:士兵们帮助人们从洪水地区撤离,福利部门给他们带来食物、衣服和药。根据句意判断此处构成bring
sb.sth.结构,表示“带给某人某物"。空格处在动词bring
后作宾语,而不是修饰名词food,clothes
and
medicine,故空格处填代词宾格them而不是形容词性物主代词
their。
5.答案：it
解析：句意:苏珊向我表明她希望自己开始新的生活。所填词代替宾语从句“that
she
wished
to
make
a
new
life
for
herself”,作made的形式宾语,故用it。
6.答案：mine
解析：句意:几天前,我在本地的一家自助餐厅里和我的一个朋友见了面并聊了会。表示“我的其中一位朋友”一般有两种表达方式:a
friend
of
mine或one
of
my
friends。mine在此等于my
friends。
7.答案：its
解析：人称代词it不能作定语,应改用其形容词性物主代词its。句意:几年前我住在香港的家中,那里有令人窒息的烟雾。
8.答案：that
句意:他们发现这位年轻画家的风格是模仿大师徐悲鸿的。空格处指代the
style,后面的介词短语of
the
master
Xu
Beihong是后置定语。替代词that可以特指前文的单数名词或不可数名词,且常用后置定语修饰,故空格处填that。
9.答案：those
解析：句意:在我们工厂有一些与这份杂志中描述的相似的机器。替代比较对象时通常可以用that替代不可数名词,those替代可数名词复数。此处是替代比较对象machines,故用those。
10.答案：that
解析：句意:我要搬到农村去住,因为那里的空气要比城市的空气更新鲜。根据语境可知,设空处指代的是the
air.属于“同类不同物”,符合指示代词that的用法。
11.答案：that
解析：句意:在许多方面,美国的教育制度与英国的教育制度没有很大差异。考查代词。用that代替the
education
system。
12.答案：what
解析：句意:这就是我父亲教我的——要总是面对困难,作最好的期望。所填表语从句的引导词作taught的直接宾语,表示教给我的内容,破折号后面的不定式部分是对所教内容的具体说明,应填入what。
13.答案：Neither
解析：考查代词。neither
(两者)都不,没有一个。句意:—你是想喝茶还是咖啡??谢谢你,都不想喝。我刚才已经喝了水了。both(两者)都;either(两者)任何一个。
14.答案：whatever
解析：考查让步状语从句。句意:在人生的旅程中不管遇到什么困难,我们都应该勇敢地继续前行。空处引导让步状语从句,根据空后的名词
difficulties可知,应填whatever。
15.答案：what
解析：句意为:但它实际上是一伙儿中年男女演员假扮成高中生。分析句子结构可知,
it
does
have在句中作主语,为主语从句,且主语从句中缺少have的宾语,表示“什么",应用what引导。
二．单句改错
1.答案：From
I
understand,
people
are
destroying
thousands
of
square
kilometers
of
trees
every
day.
解析：
分析句子结构可知，from后引导宾语从句，从句中understand后缺少宾语,表示“……的东西”，应用what引导该从句，
故将that改为what。
2.答案：We
should
be
grateful
to
them
in
return
for
they
have
done
for
us.
解析：
分析句子结构可知,第一个for后接宾语从句，从句中done后缺少宾语,表示“……的事情”，应用what引导该从句，故将which改成what。
3.答案：
I
think
that
accepting
failure
is
we
need
to
do
first
before
we
succeed
eventually.
解析：
第二个that→what
表语从句中缺少do的宾语，表示"……的事物"，而that在名词性从句中无意义，不作任何成分，故把that改为what。
4.答案：
People
of
all
ages
happily
walk
along
the
pavement
with
their
attention
focused
on
the
mobile
phones,
quite
unaware
of
is
going
on
around
them.
解析：
that→what句意:各个年龄的人快乐地走在人行道上，注意力集中在手机上，丝毫没有意识到他们身边正发生着什么。第二个of后接宾语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，意为"……的事情"，故用what。
5.答案：After
all,
is
more
precious
than
time.
解析：句意:毕竟,没有什么比时间更宝贵。根据句意可知anything(任何事物)应改为nothing(没有什么)。
6.答案：I
miss
you
very
much
and
thus
I’m
writing
to
tell
you?
about
my
new
life
at
college.
解析：句意:我非常想念你,于是写信告诉你关于我大学新生活的一些事情肯定句中用something;anything
—般用于疑问、否定或条件句中.
7.答案：
The
father
and
his
son
shook
my
hand
and
thanked
me
again
and
again.
解析：
all→both
The
father
and
his
son
是两个人，all
用于三者或三者以上，both用于两者，故把all改为both。
8.答案：My
uncle
gave
my
cousins
and
me
some
wine
and
said,“Now
enjoy
,
but
don’t
get
drunk!
”
解析：句意:我的叔叔给我和我的堂兄们一些酒说:
“现在尽情享受吧.但是别喝醉了!”根据my
cousins
and
me可知不止一个人.因此yourself应改为复数形式.
9.答案：
We
Chinese
people
call
descendants
of
the
dragon,
hoping
that
we
are
brave
and
powerful
enough
to
succeed.
解析：
us→ourselves句意:我们中国人自称龙的后裔，希望我们能足够勇敢和强大以获得成功。句子的主语和宾语指同一人时，宾语应用反身代词。
10.答案：
Buses
should
have
own
special
lanes
to
facilitate
public
transport.
解析：
its—their此处代词指代复数名词Buses，表示"它们的"，应用their。
11.答案：
John
is
a
taxi
driver
in
London.
Last
week
mother
gave
him
two
tickets
for
a
play.
解析：
her→his根据语境可知，修饰mother，指代男性John的形容词性物主代词应用his。要注意代词性别的一致性。
12.答案：
Sometimes
it
is
necessary
to
read
a
book
more
than
once
in
order
to
absorb
full
benefit.
解析：
It’s→its句意:有时，为了充分吸收一本书的益处，你有必要多读一遍。修饰名词benefit应用形容词性物主代词its。
13.答案：
A
man
was
selling
fresh
fish
and
a
lot
of
buyers
were
crowding
around
him
choosing
what
wanted.
解析：
he→they根据语境可知，宾语从句中应用代词指代前文的名词buyers,故用复数形式they。
14.答案：
He
had
a
deep
voice,
which
set
apart
from
others
in
our
small
town.
解析：
himself→him
which
指代先行词
a
deep
voice，set
的宾语与set的主语不是指代同一个人，故此处不能用反身代词。
15.答案：Last
month,I
gave
some
of
my
clothes
to
a
girl
who
needed?
because
her
parents
didn’t
have
money
to
buy
her
new
clothes.
解析：句意:上个月,我把我的一些衣服给了一个有需要的女孩子,因为她的父母没有钱给她买新衣服指代some
of?my
clothes应用them.
考向1
人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
物主代词用法口诀
物主代词分两种
形容词性名词性
形容词性能力差
自己不能来当家
句子当中作定语
身后定把名词加
物主代词名词性
相当名词可单用
句中充当主宾表
身后没有名词影
两种代词形不同
添个“s”形变名
his，its不用变
my变mine要记清
反身代词的用法歌诀：
反身代词莫乱用，能作句中宾、表、同，主语、定语不能用，固定搭配要记清。
单数反身代词：myself,
yourself,
himself,
herself,
itself
复数反身代词：ourselves,
yourselves,
themselves
考向2
指示代词和替代词
考向3
不定代词
考向4
it的用法
难点剖析
检测训练解密03
代词
【命题解读】
?1．近五年代词的考查点集中在不定代词上，考查角度有两个：一是考查它们相互间的意义和功能差别，如：
all,
everything
和anything
等的意义差别，it,
that
和one
不同的指代功能；二是它们之间语法牲的差异，
如it
(代词)
和which
(关系代词)
的区别。
2．试题注重了情景干扰，注重了特定语言环境中上下文的联系，而且题干的语义结构越来越复杂，正确分
析其结构、理解句意在解题中起着很重要的作用。
高考对代词的考查将继续沿着两条主线前进；
加强
语境的真实性和复杂性。
加强对语义较丰富、语法较复杂的不定代词的考查。?
【命题预测】
今后高考对代词的考查有所变化，主要考查it和人称代词的用法。这一专题在语法填空和短文改错中重点考查在语境中运用正确的代词。
【名师指导】
英语中代词的相关知识庞杂，代词在语言使用中又极力频繁，所以，代词的用法看似简单，其实不易。建议考生认真对待代词，不可掉以轻心。
首先要从整体上把握代词的知识，如代词种类的划分，了解各类代词的一般用法。更重要的是，根据上面所介绍的高考考查热点，更重点掌握几组易混词，尤其是不定代词间的用法区别。?解题规律如下：
1.
明确指代
在解答代词题目时，我们应首先分析前后文，明确代词所指代的对象，从而避免误判。具体说来应从以下几方面考虑：
（1）代词指代的对象是人还是物，与上文出现的人或物是同一个还是同一类；
（2）代词指代的对象是可数名词还是不可数名词；
（3）代词指代的是特指还是泛指概念。
2.理清逻辑
需要通过分析上下文所蕴涵的逻辑关系才能做出正确判断。具体说来应从以下方面去考虑:
（1）代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上；
（2）
代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。
一、
人称代词
1.
人称代词的分类和数：
2.
人称代词作主语时要用主格，作宾语时用宾格，作表语时常用宾格。
?She’s
my
classmate.
?I?bought?a?present?for?him.?
【名师点睛】
在强调句中人称代词的使用应该根据人称代词具体作什么成分而定。
?I
met
her
in
the
hospital.→It
was
her
who
I
met
in
the
hospital.
?It
was
I
that
first
arrived
at
the
airport.
3.
几个人称代词单数并列主语时，一般的排列顺序为：
单数二
三
一(人称)，即you,
he
,I。复数一二三，即we,
you,
they。
?You，she
and
I
will
be
in
charge
of
the
case.
1.（2020.全国Ⅰ卷.短文改错）Then
I
put
the
tomatoes
and
the
beaten
eggs
into
pan
together.
＂Not
that
way，＂
my
mom
tried
to
stop
us
but
failed.
She
was
right.
It
didn’t
tum
out
as
I
had
wished.
【答案】us改为me
【解析】考查代词。句意：“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我，但是失败了。根据上文可知，是作者一个人做菜，此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”，应使用第一人称单数的宾格，故将us改为me.
2.
（2020.全国Ш卷.短文改错）But
he
insists
on
us
eating
healthy
food.
Understanding
her
good
intentions,
I
eat
all
the
food
what
is
provided
by
Mom
with
appreciation.
【答案】he改成she。
【解析】考查代词。考查代词。句意：但是她坚持让我们吃健康的食物。文中指“我的妈妈”，是女性，所以he改成she。
3.（2018·新课标卷II·短文改错）As
kid,
I
loved
to
watch
cartoons,
but
no
matter
how
many
times
I
asked
to
them,
my
parents
would
not
let
me.
They
would
say
to
us
that
playing
card
games
would
help
my
brain.
【答案】us改为me
【解析】句意：他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。偷换人称代词，是对“我”说，前面提到的I，而不是we。故把us改为me。
4.
（2018·新课标卷III·语法填空）When
the
gorillas
and
I
frightened
each
other,
I
was
just
glad
to
find
____68____(they)
alive.
【答案】them
【解析】此处做find
的宾语，所以用宾格them。
二、
物主代词
1.物主代词的分类和数：
人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
人称代词
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
形容词性物主代词
my
our
your
your
his/her/its
their
名词性物主代词
mine
ours
yours
yours
his/hers/its
theirs
2.
物主代词的用法：
（1）形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句中只能作名词或动名词的前置定语，不能单独使用。
（2）名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，可单独作主语、表语和宾语，也可与of连用作
后置定语，但不能单独作定语
?This
isn’t
my
shirt;
mine
is
over
there.
1.
（2020.全国Ⅰ卷）Data
about
the
moon’s
composition,
such
as
how
69.
ice
and
other
treasures
it
contains,
could
help
China
decide
whether
70.
(it)
plans
for
a
future
lunar
(月球的)
base
are
practical.
【答案】its
【解析】考查物主代词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。根据70空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
2.
(2016·四川)
The
mother
continued
to
care
for
the
young
panda
(for)
more
than
two
years.
By
that
time,
the
panda
no
longer
needed
48
(it)
mother
for
food.
【答案】its
【解析】句意：小熊猫不再需要妈妈的食物。修饰名词要用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
3.
(2016·全国卷乙卷)
On
my
recent
visit,
I
held
a
lively
three-month-old
twin
that
had
been
rejected
by
(it)
mother.
【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。由语境及后面的名词mother可知,此空应该填it的形容词性物主代词its。
4.
(2016·全国卷乙卷)
Instead,
he
hopes
that
our
business
will
grow
steadily.
【答案】our→his
【解析】由语境及主语he可知，此处指的是他的公司，故将our改为his才合乎语境。
【巧学妙记】
三、
反身代词
1.
反身代词的形式
?
第一人称
???第二人称
?????第三人称
单数
myself
???yourself
himself
/
herself
/itself
复数
???ourselves
??yourselves
??????themselves
2.
反身代词常在enjoy,
teach,
hurt,
buy,
introduce等动词后和by,
for,
to
,of
等介词后作宾语
?All
of
them
enjoyed
themselves.
所有的人都玩得很好。
?Help
yourself
to
some
fish.
请自己动手吃点鱼吧。
3.
反身代词有时用于?be,
feel,
seem,
look
等后作表语，表示身体或精神处于正常状态。
?You
don’t
seem
yourself
today.
你今天好像不太好。
4.
强调用法：
反身代词在强调用法中表示强调，即用来加强某个名词或者代词的语气，可译成“亲自”、“本人”。此时，它在句中作同位语。即使去掉，也不影响句子的完整性。如：???
?You
must
do
it
yourself.
你必须自己做。??
?I
myself
did
the
homework
last
night。
昨晚是我自己做了家庭作业。
5.
含有反身代词的短语
for
oneself
给(为)自己，独自????????????????????????to
oneself
对自己
say
to
oneself
心里想??????????????????
??????
??????????talk
/
speak
to
oneself??自言自语
come
to
oneself
苏醒过来?????????????????
??
?????????absent
oneself??缺席
beside
oneself???失常，若狂??????????????????
????????by
oneself
独自地，单独地
of
oneself
独自，自发地
1.（2020.
山东新高考））As
well
as
looking
at
exhibits,
visitors
can
play
with
computer
simulations
(模拟)
and
imagine
42.
(they)
living
at
a
different
time
in
history
or
43.
(walk)through
a
rainforest.
【答案】themselves
【解析】考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
2.（2018·新课标卷III·短文改错）Some
of
us
were
confident
and
eager
take
part
in
the
class
activity,
others
were
nervous
and
anxious.
I
had
done
homework
but
I
was
shy.
【答案】myself改为my/the
【解析】句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用my不用myself，或改为定冠词the也可以。
3.
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ卷)
At
first,
I
thought
I
knew
everything
and
could
make
decisions
by
yourself.
【答案】yourself→myself
【解析】句意：开始，我认为自己知道一切事情，一切由自己做决定。
4.
Those
who
smoke
heavily
should
remind
__________of
health,
the
bad
smell
and
the
feelings
of
other
people.
A.
theirs
B.
them
C.
themselves
D.
oneself
【答案】C
【解析】句意：那些烟瘾很大的人应该提醒自己注意健康，难闻的气味以及他人的感受。remind
oneself
of
sth.提醒自己当心某事。句子主语是those，故选择C项。
【巧学妙记】
1.
this,
that,
these,
those的区别
（1）this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。
?This
is
my
desk
and
that
is
yours.
?In
those
days
they
could
not
go
to
school.
（2）this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。
?I
want
to
tell
you
this：the
English
party
will
be
held
on
Saturday
afternoon.
?He
hurt
his
leg
yesterday.
That’s
why
he
didn’t
come.
（3）为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。
?The
weather
of
Beijing
is
colder
than
that
of
Nanjing.
?The
ears
of
a
rabbit
are
longer
than
those
of
a
fox.
（4）this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍，that用于询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词
so。
?Can
hard
work
change
a
person
that
much?
2.
so
（1）指示代词so在句中常作宾语，还常用在动词think,
believe,
suppose,
guess等后面，代替上文
提到的事情。
?——It’s
likely
to
snow.
好像要下雪了。
——I
believe
so.我想是的。
（2）用在hope,
I’m
afraid后，代替上文提到的观点，只用于肯定句。
?——Is
she
coming
to
the
party?
她回来聚会吗？
——I
hope
so.
我希望会。
（3）有时前后两个句子中有相同的“动词+宾语”，
为了避免重复，后一个句子中常用do
so来代替。
?——Have
you
handed
in
your
homework?你的家庭作业交了吗？
——I
did
so
yesterday.我昨天就交了。
3.
such
（1）指如前面所述的这样的人或事物。
?Such
is
our
plan
for
the
coming
holiday.
这就是我们为即将到来的假期制订的计划。
（2）such作定语修饰名词时，与all/any/no/some/many/several等词连用，常置于这些词的后面。
?All
such
things
can
be
found
on
the
Internet.
所有这些东西都可以在网上找到。
（3）such与不定冠词连用修饰可数名词单数时，such需置于不定冠词前；当such前有no时，则不用不定
冠词。
?He
is
such
a
lovely
boy
that
we
all
like
him.
他是如此可爱的一个男孩，我们都很喜欢他。
?There
is
no
such
man
here.
这里没有一个这样的人。
4.
one,
the
one,
that,
it的区别
易混词
含义
this
指代上文说过的事物或下文要提到的事物。代替可数名词复数用these。
that
用来指代上文提到的某一个名词，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，表示特指。代替可数名词复数用those(相当于the
ones)，后面必须有定语。
one
(复数形式是ones)只能用来指代上文提到的某一个可数名词单数，表示同名异物。其前可以有定语，其后也可以有定语。
it
指上文提到的同一个事物，也可指代前面(或后面)整句话的意思。通常还可用作形式主语或形式宾语。
?This
is
the
book
I
borrowed
from
Lucy.
这就是我从露西那儿借的书。
?The
population
of
Shandong
is
larger
than
that
of
Qinghai.
山东的人口比青海的人口多。
?I
don’t
like
the
blue
shirt.
I
like
the
yellow
one.
我不喜欢这件蓝色的衬衫。我喜欢那件黄色的。
?I?can’t?find?my?hat.?I?don’?t?know?where?I?put?it.
我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪儿了。
1.
（2018.浙江.
语法填空）Many
westerners
__57____come
to
China
cook
much
less
than
in
their
own
countries
once
they
realized
how
cheap
___58___can
be
to
eat
out.
【答案】58.
it.
【解析】句意：一旦他们意识到在外面吃饭有多么便宜。考查it的用法。空格处是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to
eat
out。
2.
(2016·浙江)In
many
ways,
the
education
system
in
the
US
is
not
very
different
from
_________
in
the
UK.
A.
that
B.
this
C.
one
D.
it
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系不太相同。指代上文的名词education
system，是同类不同物，用that，而且后面有介词短语作后置定语。this表示＂近指＂，one泛指可数名词单数，it特指上文提到的名词。故选A。
3.
Usually
there
might
be
a
lot
of
accidents
in
the
heavy
fog.
I
happened
to
witness
_______
this
morning.
A.
it
B.
those
C.
one
D.
that
【答案】C
【解析】句意：通常在大雾天会有很多事故。今天早上我碰巧目击了一起事故。根据语境可知，此处指上句提到的＂一起交通事故＂，故用one代替。即C项正确。
4.
I
like
this
house
with
a
beautiful
garden
in
front,
but
I
don’t
have
enough
money
to
buy
_______.
A.
one
B.
it
C.
this
D.
that
【答案】B
【解析】it=the
house
with
a
beautiful
garden
in
front。句意：我很喜欢屋前有一个美丽花园的这栋房子，但是我没有足够的钱去把它买下来。
1.
both,
either,
neither,
,
all,
none,
no
one,
nobody
●
both表示“两个人或物都”,具有肯定含义；
either表示“两者中的
任何一个”,与否定词连用，表示对两者的全部否定；
neither表示“两者都不”，其后可接of短语
●
all表示“全部”,指三者或三者以上的人或物,;all也可笼统地表示“一切,所有”；
none表示“三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定”,在与of连用或回答how
many/much的提问时只
能用none；
no
one=nobody表示“没有一个人”,其后均不可接of短语，
常用来回答who引导的问句。
?Both
of
my
parents
are
doctors.?我的父母都是医生。
?All
of
the
students
are
interested
in
it.?所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。
?He
has
two
sons,
neither
of
whom
is
rich.?他有两个儿子，都不富有。
?He
has
three
sons,
none
of
whom
is
rich.?他有三个儿子，都不富有。
2.
不定代词some与any的用法
在通常情况下，some要用于肯定句，在否定句或疑问句中，一般用any代替。但是，这只是一般情况。在某些特殊情况下，some也可用于疑问句和否定句。
(1)some用于疑问句：一是用于可预料答语为“是”的问句中，二是用于表示请求或建议的疑问句。如：
?Did
some
of
you
sleep
on
the
floor?
你们有人睡在了地板上吗?
?Would
you
like
some
more
fruit?
你要不要再吃点水果?
(2)some用于否定句：Some用于否定句主要见于以下情形：
①用于部分否定的句子中。比较：
I
do
not
like
any
of
the
films.
这些电影中我一部也不喜欢。
I
don’t
like
some
of
the
films.
这些电影中的某一些我不喜欢。
I
don’t
like
some
one
of
the
films.
这些电影中某一部我不喜欢。
②用于否定句，但在否定范围之外。如：
?I
haven’t
seen
Tom
for
some
years.
我有好几年没见到汤姆了。
?Some
of
the
students
didn’t
see
the
film.
其中有些学生没有看这部电影。
③用于否定句表示特别的强调。如：
?It
should
be
for
all
our
children,
not
just
some.
这应该适用于我们所有的儿童，而不仅仅是某些孩子。
④用于否定句介词without之后。如：
?It’s
risky
to
buy
a
car
without
some
good
advice.
不作些咨询就去买车是有风险的。
若在without后用any，则所表示的语气很强，含有“没有任何”“没有一点儿”之意。如：
?We
did
the
work
without
any
difficulty.
我们干这工作没有任何困难。
3.
few,
a
few
与
little,
a
little的用法
(1)
few和a
few的用法：其后要接可数名词的复数形式。few表示数量很少或几乎没有，强调“少”，含有
否定意义；a
few
表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有，强调“有”，含有肯定意义。比较：
?It
is
very
difficult,
and
few
people
understand
it.
它很难，没几个人能懂。
?It
is
very
difficult,
but
a
few
people
understand
it.
他虽难，但是有些人懂。
(2)
little
和
a
little的用法：其后接不可数名词，其用法区别跟few和a
few之间的区别相似。如：
?Unfortunately,
I
had
little
money
on
me.
很不巧，我身上没带什么钱。
?Fortunately,
I
had
a
little
money
on
me.
幸好我身上带着一点钱。
4.
other,
the
other,
another与others的用法
这些不定代词不仅在含义上有单复数之分，而且在用法上有泛指(无the)和特指(有the)之别。其用法区别可归纳如下：
(1)
指单数时的区别：若泛指用another，若特指用
the
other。如：
?Give
me
another
(one).
另外给我一个。
?Shut
the
other
eye,
please.
请把另一只眼睛也闭上。
(2)
指复数时的区别：若泛指用
other(后接复数名词)，若特指用the
other(后接复数名词)。如：
?There
are
other
ways
of
doing
it.
做这事还有其他的办法。
?Where
have
the
other
students
gone?
其他学生都到哪里去了？
(3)
others的用法：它永远表示复数意义(且其后不能再接名词)。其用法大致相当于“other+复数名词”，同样
地
the
others
大致相当于“the
other＋复数名词”。如：
?Other
people
[Others]
may
not
think
that
way.
别的人可能不这样想。
?He
is
cleverer
than
the
others
[the
other
students]
in
her
class.
他比班上其他学生聪明。
(4)
another的用法：一般只能表单数，且其后接名词也只能接单数名词。但是若其后有数词或
few
修饰时，
则也可接复数名词。如：
?We
need
another
few
chairs.
我们还需要几把椅子。
?In
another
two
weeks
it’ll
be
finished.
再过两个星期就可做完了。
5.
each和every
●each
指代或修饰单数可数名词，强调个体，多用于两者或两者以上的场合，可与of连用。作主语时，
谓语动词用单数
●every修饰单数可数名词，强调整体，用于三者或三者以上的场合，不与of连用。
?For
boys,
you
can
buy
socks
for
only
$5
each.
男士袜子每双只需5美元。
?Every
mother
loves
her
children
dearly.
每个母亲都非常爱自己的孩子。
6.
复合不定代词的用法
复合不定代词包括
something,
somebody,
someone,
anything,
anybody,
anyone,
nothing,
nobody,
no
one,
everything,
everybody,
everyone
等。它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。something,
someone
等和
anything,
anyone等的区别与
some
和
any
的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。具体使用时应注意以下几点：
(1)其定语修饰语的位置：复合不定代词受定语修饰时，定语应放在它们后面。如：
?There
is
nothing
wrong
with
the
radio.
这收音机没有毛病。
?Have
you
seen
anyone
[anybody]
famous?
你见过名人吗?
(2)复合不定代词与指示代词：指人的复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数，相应的人称代词
和物主代词也用单数
he,
him,
his
(不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词
they,
them,
their。如：
?If
anybody
comes,
ask
him
[them]
to
wait.
要是有人来，让他等着。
指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语，谓语动词只能用单数，相应的人称代词也只能用
it，而不用
they。如：
?Everything
is
ready,
isn’t
it?
一切都准备好了，是吗?
(3)其后是否接of短语：anyone,
everyone
等只能指人，不能指物，且其后一般不接of
短语。若是指物或后
接
of
短语，可用
any
one,
every
one
(分开写)。如：
any
one
of
the
boys
(books)
孩子们(书)当中的任何一个(本)
every
one
of
the
students
(schools)
每一个学生(一所学校)
1.(2018·新课标卷I·短文改错)
The
first
time
I
went
there,
they
were
living
in
a
small
house
with
dogs,
ducks,
and
another
animals.
【答案】another改为other
【解析】他们住在一个小房子里，院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。根据句意可知，将another改成other。
2.
The
meeting
will
be
held
in
September,
but
______
knows
the
date
for
sure.
A.
everybody
B.
nobody
C.
anybody
D.
somebody
【答案】B
【解析】句意：会议将在九月份举行，但是没有人知道确切日期。根据两句话之间的并列连词but可知，前后语意是转折关系，虽然都知道是在九月份，但是没有人知道具体的日期。
3.
Niki
is
always
full
of
ideas,
but
______
is
useful
to
my
knowledge.
A.
nothing
B.
no
one
C.
neither
D.
none
【答案】D
【解析】句意：Niki总是有各种想法，但没有一个对我的认知有帮助。nothing泛指＂什么东西都没有＂；no
one泛指＂没有人＂；neither指的是＂两者都不＂；none则特指没有特定的人或物，范围是三者或三者以上。语境中full
of
ideas指的是三者或三者以上，因此none符合题意，故选D。
4.
——When
shall
I
call,
in
the
morning
or
afternoon?
——________.
I’ll
be
in
all
day.
【答案】Either
【解析】句意：“我该什么时间给你打电话，早上还是下午？”“都可以，我一整天都在家。”上句提到了两个时间，故可用both,
either,
neither。在根据“一整天都在家”可知，两个时间中的那个时间来都可以。
it作为代词用法非常灵活，可用于代替上文中提到的事物，代替上文中说到的一件事，代替不知情的人（尤其是不知身份、性别和姓名的人）。也可用于表示时间、天气、距离、计算结果等。还可用来代替不定式、动名词、从句等，充当形式主语或形式宾语。
一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情
一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情，没有性别的区分；可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，在句子中既可以作主语，也可以作宾语。
1.
指动物和植物。
?
Look
at
that
bird.
It
always
comes
to
my
window.
看看那只鸟。它总是飞到我的窗前来。
2.
指代无生命的东西。
?
This
is
my
watch.
It’s
made
in
Switzerland.
这是我的手表。它是瑞士产的。
3.
代替上文提到过的整个事情。
?
Well,
you
mustn’t
play
on
the
road.
It’s
dangerous!
哦，你不能在马路上玩。这是危险的！
二、用于指代人
1.
指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。
?
—Who
is
knocking
at
the
door?
——谁在敲门？
—It’s
me.
——是我。
2.
指说话者心目中的那个人。
?
—Look,
someone
is
coming.
Who
can
it
be?
——看，有人过来了。他可能是谁呢？
—It
may
be
the
headmaster.
——可能是校长。
3.
在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时，常用it指人。
?
—Who’s
that?
——那人是谁？
—Is
it
Helen?
——是海伦吗？
—Yes,
I
think
you’re
right.
It’s
Helen.
——是的，我想你说对了，是海伦。
三、用于指时间、距离和自然现象等
1.
表示时间。
?
—What’s
the
date?
——今天是几月几日？
—It’s
the
third
of
March.
——今天是3月3日。
2.
表示距离。
?
It’s
only
five
minutes’
walk
from
here.
离这儿仅有五分钟步行的路程。
3.
表示自然现象。
?
It
is
going
to
rain.
天要下雨了。
4.
表示环境、形势等。
?
If
it’s
convenient,
I
can
see
you
tomorrow.
如果方便的话，我明天能见到你。
四、用作形式主语，替代动词不定式，动名词或从句
1.
It
is
clear
(obvious，true，possible，certain...)
that...该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语
从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，可能，肯定……）＂。
?
It
is
very
clear
that
he
doesn’t
like
it.＝That
he
doesn’t
like
it
is
very
clear.
很明显他不喜欢它。
2.
It
is
said
(reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped...)
that...该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语
是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉……）＂。
?
It
is
reported
that
another
satellite
has
been
put
into
orbit.
据报道又一颗卫星被送入轨道。
3.
It
is
time
(about
time，high
time)
that...该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是从句的谓语
动词常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用should＋动词原形，should不能省略，常译为＂是（正是）……的
时候了＂。
?
It
is
time
that
children
should
go
to
bed.＝It
is
time
that
children
went
to
bed.
孩子们该睡了。
4.
It
is
the
first
(second...)
time
that...该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，
由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后
面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this/that替换，常译为＂是第一（二）……
次做……＂。
?
It
is
the
first
time
I
have
been
here.
这是我第一次到这里来。
5.
It
is
a
pity
(a
shame/an
honour/a
good
thing/a
fact/a
surprise/...)
that...该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should＋动词原形），should可省略，表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
?
It
is
a
pity
that
such
a
thing
(should)
happen
in
your
class.
这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
?
It
is
a
pity
that
he
is
ill.
他生病了，真遗憾！
6.
It
happens
(seems，looks，appears)
that...该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen，
seem等词是不及物动词。
?
It
seems
that
he
will
be
back
in
a
few
days.
看来他再过几天才能回来。
7.
It
be＋adj.(kind,
nice,
brave,
clever,
stupid...)
of
sb＋to
do
sth该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定
式的逻辑主语由of引起，句中的形容词必须是表示逻辑主语特征的形容词（即句中的形容词是修饰逻辑
主语的）。常见的形容词有bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，good(好心的)，honest，horrible，
kind，lazy，modest，naughty，nice，polite，rude，silly，stupid，wise，wrong等。这个句型可以转换为：
sb
is＋adj.＋to
do
sth
?
It
is
kind
of
you
to
say
so.＝You
are
kind
to
say
so.
你这么说真是太善良了。
8.
It
be＋adj.(difficult，easy，hard，important)
for
sb
to
do
sth该句型与上一个同属一个句型。不定式的逻辑
主语由for引起，形容词常表示重要性、紧迫性、频繁程度、难易、安全等情况（即句中的形容词是修饰
动词不定式的）。常见的形容词有important，necessary，natural，easy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult，
dangerous，unusual，impossible，pleasant等。
?
It
is
important
for
her
to
come
to
the
party.＝It
is
important
that
she
(should)
come
to
the
party.
对她来说，参加这次聚会很重要。
9.
It
takes
sb
some
time
to
do
sth
做某事花费某人……时间
?
It
took
me
five
days
to
solve
the
problem.
解决这个问题花了我五天时间。
10.
It
costs
sb
some
money
to
do
sth
做某事花费某人……钱
?
It
will
cost
my
father
five
thousand
yuan
to
buy
such
a
computer.
买这台电脑花了我父亲5,
000元。
11.
It’s
up
to
sb
to
do
sth
应由某人(负责)做……
?
It
is
up
to
you
to
decide
whether
to
take
the
job
or
not.
做不做这份工作由你决定。
12.
It’s
useless/(of)
no
use/(of)
no
good
doing
sth
该句型常译为＂做……是徒然的/没有益处的＂，句中的动名词短语是真正的主语，表语可以是no
use(＝not
any
use)，no
good(＝not
any
good)等。
?
It’s
no
use
arguing
with
her.
跟她争论没有用。
五、作形式宾语
1.
用于
＂主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语＂
句型中：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语
从句时，常用it作形式宾语，而往往把真正的宾语——不定式、动名词或宾语从句置于补足语之后。
?
I
think
it
important
that
we
should
keep
calm.
我认为我们应该保持安静，这很重要。
?
I
feel
it
my
duty
that
I
should
devote
myself
to
teaching.
我感到致力于教学是我的责任。
?
I
make
it
a
rule
that
I
read
English
every
morning.
每天早晨读英语是我的习惯。
2.
用于＂主语＋及物动词＋宾语＂句型中：有些动词或短语动词不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，需要在从句前先加上形式宾语it。
①appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)，have(表明，坚持说)，take(认为，猜想)，hide(隐瞒)，publish(公布)，put(表达，写出来)等。
?
I
take
it
that
you
will
be
leaving
Shanghai
soon.
我认为你会很快离开上海。
?
The
report
has
it
that
no
one
was
to
blame
for
the
accident.
报告表明没有人要对这次事故负责。
?
We
published
it
that
we
had
finished
the
project
ahead
of
time.
我们宣布我们已提前竣工了。
②answer
for(承担……的后果)，count
on(期待)，depend
on(依靠)，insist
on(坚持主张，坚决要求)，see
to(确保)等。
?
I
am
counting
on
it
that
you
will
come.
我期待你会来。
六、it构成强调句
1.
强调句型的基本结构为：It
is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。
2.
强调句型强调的成分
强调句型强调的成分：主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时，用who或that皆可；指物时，只能用that；被强调部分是时间、地点，原因或方式状语时，不用when，where，why或how而用that。
?
It
was
the
beautiful
lady
that/who
I
met
in
the
hotel
yesterday.
我昨天在旅馆里遇到的正是这位漂亮女士。(强调宾语)
?
It
was
in
Beijing
that
we
visited
the
Bird’s
Nest
and
Water
Cube.
正是在北京我们参观了鸟巢和水立方。(强调地点状语)
?
It
is
my
mother
who/that
reminds
me
to
get
up
on
time
every
day.
每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。(强调主语)
3.
对not...until结构的强调
not...until结构的强调句型为＂It
is/was
not
until...that...＂在这一固定句型中，由于not已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式。
?
He
didn’t
go
to
bed
until
ten
o’clock.→It
was
not
until
ten
o’clock
that
he
went
to
bed.
直到10点他才睡觉。
?
I
didn’t
realize
it
until
I
got
off
the
bus.→It
was
not
until
I
got
off
the
bus
that
I
realized
it.
4.
如何识别强调句型
强调句型中的it
is/was和that无实际意义，去掉后，句子结构仍然完整、正确，句意仍然明确；而其他句型去掉it
is/was和that后，句意不完整。
?
It
is
for
three
hours
that
they
have
worked.
他们已经工作三个小时了。（强调句型）
?
It
is
a
wonder
that
he
is
still
alive.
他还活着真是个奇迹。（it作形式主语）
1.（2018·浙江卷·语法填空）Many
westerners
57
（who/that）
come
to
China
cook
much
less
than
in
their
own
countries
once
they
realize
how
cheap
58
can
be
to
eat
out.
【答案】it
【解析】考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it
can
be
cheap
to
eat
out.其中不定式to
eat
out是真正主语，用it
是形式主语。故填it。
2.（2017﹒天津卷）It
was
when
I
got
back
to
my
apartment
______
I
first
came
across
my
new
neighbors.
A.
who
B.
where
C.
which
D.
that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It
was开头，后面连
词首选that，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It
was
和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。
故选D。
3.
（2016﹒天津卷）You
are
waiting
at
a
wrong
place.
It
is
at
the
hotel
__________
the
coach
picks
up
tourists.
A.
who
B.
which
C.
where
D.
that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句，结构是：It
is/was+
强调部分+that+其余部分，如果强调部分是人，也可以用who，这句话强调的是地点状语at
the
hotel。故
选D。
4.
（2015·浙江）How
would
you
like
if
you
were
watching
your
favorite
TV
program
and
someone
came
into
the
room
and
just
shut
it
off
without
asking
you?
A.
them
B.
one
C.
those
D.
it
【答案】D
【解析】句意：当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时，突然有个人进来，一声不吭地关掉电视，你会怎么想？
It作形式宾语，指代If后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句，一个条件状语从句（if）和两个并列句
(and)。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句you
would
like______.分析句子结构知道like之后缺少一个宾语，
需要一个宾格代词充当，所以答案选it。
5.（2015·天津）The
quality
of
education
in
this
small
school
is
better
than
______
in
some
larger
schools.
A.
that
B.
one
C.
it
D.
this
【答案】A
【解析】句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the
quality
of
education，故用代词that。代词it和one都代指可数名词单数。故选A。
一、部分否定与全部否定
1.
no
one,
none,
nobody,
nothing以及“no与名词连用”等都表示全部否定。
?None
of
us
was
going
to
the
party.
我们之中没人去参加那个聚会。
2.
当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词all,
both,
everyone,
everybody,
everthing等以及“every+名词”
的句子中时，不管not在它们之前还是之后都表示部分否定。
?Not
all
of
them
smoke.
=
All
of
them
don’t
smoke.
他们当中不是所有的人都抽烟。
?All
of
the
boys
are
clever,
but
none
of
them
can
work
out
this
problem.
这些男孩都很聪明，但他们当中没有一个人能解出这道题。
二、
it构成的几个易混淆的句型
1.
It+be+时间+since引导的状语从句
这个句型表示从since
从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，意为“自从……以来已多久了”。表示现在的情况时，主句多用一般现在时，从句多用一般过去时；表示过去的情况时，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。如：
?It
is
three
years
since
his
father
passed
away.
自从他父亲去世已经三年了。
?It
was
10
years
since
they
had
married.
自从他们结婚已经十年了。
2.
It+be+时间+before引导的状语从句
这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语，如some
time,
long,
years,
months,
weeks,
days,
hours,
minutes等。主句中的谓语动词用肯定式时，意为“过多长时间才……”；用否定式时，意为“没过多长时间就……”。主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时will
be/be
going
to
be：用was
时，before从句的动词用一般过去时；用will
be
时，before从句常用一般现在时。
如：
?It
was
some
time
before
I
realized
the
truth.
过了一段时间我才了解到真相。
?It
wasn’t
long
before
he
told
us
about
this
affair.没过多久他就告诉了我们这件事情。
?It
will
be
many
years
before
the
situation
improves.
这种状况要过许多年才能得到改善。
3.
It+be+时间+when引导的状语从句
这个句型中,
it
指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词(时间一般为具体时间)。主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，但是当主句是will
be时，when从句一般用一般现在时代替将来时。如：
?It
was
already
8
o’clock
when
we
got
home.
我们到家时已经8点了。
?It
will
be
the
next
morning
when
we
finish
our
work.
我们结束工作时将是第二天早晨。
题组一
真题在线
1.（2017·全国卷Ⅱ）However,
the
railway
quickly
proved
to
be
a
great
success
and
within
six
months,
more
than
25,000
people
were
using
67 every
day.
2.（2017·全国卷Ⅱ·短文改错）Mr.
and
Mrs.
Zhang
all
work
in
our
school.
3.（2017·全国卷Ⅲ·短文改错）This
picture
often
brings
back
to
me
many
happy
memories
of
your
high
school
days.
4.（2015·重庆）The
meeting
will
be
held
in
September,
but_________
knows
the
date
for
sure.
A.
everybody
B.
nobody
C.
anybody
D.
somebody
5.（2015·陕西）To
warm
himself,
the
sailor
sat
in
front
of
the
fire
rubbing
one
bare
foot
against
.
A.
another
B.
the
other
C.
other
D.
either
6.（2015·福建）The
research
group
produced
two
reports
based
on
the
survey,
but
_________
contained
any
useful
suggestions.
A.
all
B.
none
C.
either
D.
neither
7.（2014·全国大纲卷）—Who’s
that
at
the
door?
—__________
is
the
milkman.
A.
He
B.
It
C.
This
D.
That
8.（2014·全国大纲卷）I
think
Mrs.
Stark
could
be
_______
between
50
and
60
years
of
age.
A.
anywhere
B.
anybody
C.
anyhow
D.
anything
9.（2014·重庆）A
smile
costs
_______,
but
gives
much.
A.
anything
B.
something
C.
nothing
D.
everything
10.（2014·山东）Susan
made______
clear
to
me
that
she
wished
to
make
a
new
life
for
herself.
A.
that
B.
this
C.
it
D.
her
题组二
名校模拟
Ⅰ.
单项填空
1.
“Made
in
China
2025”
aims
to
transform
China
from
a
product-making
factory
into
a
product-making
power,
______
driven
by
innovation
and
emphasizing
quality
over
quantity.
A.
the
one
that
B.
one
that
C.
one
D.
the
one
2．The
mistakes
made
by
Chinese
students
are
quite
different
from
_______
made
by
Japanese
students
in
English
study.
A.it
B.that
C.ones
D.those
3．Come
off
it!
Oversleeping
is
as
lame
an
excuse
as________
other.
A.one
B.each
C.some
D.any
4．—_________that
students
are
interested
in
should
be
encouraged.
—_________.
Sometimes
we
should
make
it
clear
what
is
not
allowed.
A.Anything;
I
can’t
agree
more
B.Nothing;
That’s
for
sure
C.Not
all;
I
can’t
agree
D.Not
everything;
Exactly
5．Although
we
produce
carbon
when
we
breathe,
the
carbon
we
produce
is
much
less
than
_____
produced
by
a
car.
A.that
B.it
C.one
D.the
one
6．Before
_______
stood
a
terrible
man;
the
little
girl
could
do
nothing
_______.
A.she;but
cry
B.her;but
cry
C.she;but
to
cry
D.her;but
crying
7．I
haven’t
watched
__________
of
the
films
directed
by
Mr.
Turner,
but
judging
from
the
one
I
have
watched,
I
believe
he
will
be
famous
someday.
A.any
B.none
C.all
D.either
8．Those
who
smoke
heavily
should
remind__________of
health
,the
bad
smell
and
the
feelings
of
other
people.
A.theirs
B.them
C.themselves
D.oneself
9．Change
can
be
scary,
but
it’s
during
transformations
that
some
of
the
best
opportunities
present
______.
A.it
B.one
C.those
D.themselves
10．Young
people
should
be
independent,
and
don't
take
_______
for
granted
that
you
can
depend
on
your
parents
when
in
trouble.
A.one
B.it
C.this
D.that
11．He
didn't
make
_______
clear
when
and
where
the
sports
meet
would
be
held.
A.this
B.it
C.that
D.one
12．—Can
I
help
you?
—I’d
like
to
buy
a
present
for
my
father’s
birthday,
_______
at
a
proper
price
but
of
good
use.
A.one
B.it
C.that
D.which
13．Though
its
GDP
ranks
second
in
the
world,
China
remains
a
developing
country
with
its
average
family
income
far
below
_______
of
Western
developed
countries.
A.it
B.those
C.one
D.that
14．The
yield
of
the
new
rice
is
much
greater
than
of
other
types
of
rice
grown
in
Pakistan.
A.one
B.
that
C.
it
D.
what
15．He
didn't
make
clear
when
and
where
the
sports
meet
would
be
held.
A.
this
B.it
C.
that
D.one
Ⅱ.
语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For
those? 1 have
seen
War
for
the
Planet
of
the
Apes,
it’s
easy
to
come
to
this
conclusion---the
movie
isn’t
about
war
or
the
planet,
and
it’s
not? 2 (necessary)
even
about
the
apes.
The
movie
is
about? 3 (survive)
and
the
choices
we
all
make
when
one
wants
to
survive,
good
or
bad.
With
a
story
that
should
have
been
full
of
conflict
and
violence,
it
takes
a
different
approach.
You
may
find? 4 (you)
exposed
to
small
pockets
of
action.
While
recent
sci-fi
movies
have
become? 5 (know)
for
their
action
and
scenes,
War
for
the
Planet
of
the
Apes
has
taken
science
fiction? 6 a
thoughtful
and
intelligent
direction.
War
for
the
Planet
of
the
Apes
may
not
be
the
action
and
monster
film
that
you
had
in
mind,? 7 it’s
the
kind
of
film
that
will
make
you
want
to
sit
in
silence
in
the
theater
for
a
few
minutes
after
it
ends,
taking
in? 8 you’ve
just
witnessed.
The
few
movies
that
have
that
effect? 9 (be)
usually
about
humans,
but
this
film
enables
people? 10 (feel)
that
way
about
apes.
And
that
is
what
makes
it
a
masterpiece.
Ⅲ.
短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.
每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.
只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I
can
still
remember
I
was
once
asked
to
make
speech
before
the
whole
class
at
the
age
of
9.
You
can
imagine
how
shy
I
was
when
I
thought
of
that
with
so
many
eyes
fixed
to
me.
I
had
no
more
choice
but
to
prepare
for
it,
though.
The
hardest
part
was
my
oral
presentation
from
my
memory,
for
reading
from
the
paper
wasn’t
allowing.
The
real
moment
began
before
I
stood
on
the
platform
with
my
legs
trembling
or
my
mind
blank.
But
my
listeners
were
waiting
patient.
Gradually,
I
found
me
back,
giving
my
speech
at
last.
After
what
seemed
to
be
a
long
time,
I
heard
all
the
listeners
applauding
loudly.
Ever
since
then,
my
fear
of
speak
before
a
big
audience
had
disappeared.
Actually,
now
I’ve
become
a
great
speaker!
代词专练
一.单句填空
1.Raise
your
leg
and
let
_____________
stay
in
the
air
for
seconds.
2.Mulan’s
characteristics，such
as
courage,
kindness
and
a
careless
attitude
toward
fame
and
fortune,
made
____________(she)
one
of
the
most
respected
historical
Chinese
heroines.
3.When
young
people
are
asked
what
makes
the
generation
unique,_____________
put
“technology
use”
first.
4.Soldiers
helped
to
take
people
out
of
the
flooded
area
and
the
welfare
department
brought
___________(they)
food,
clothes
and
medicine.
5.Susan
made__________clear
to
me
that
she
wished
to
make
a
new
life
for
herself.
6.A
couple
of
days
ago,
I
met
a
friend
of?__________(me)
at
a
local
cafeteria
for
a
chat.
7.A
few
years
before,
I’d
been
at
home
in
Hong
Kong,
with?__________(it)
choking
smoke.
8.They
find
the
style
of
the
young
painter
is
modeled
after
_____________
of
the
master
Xu
Beihong.
9.At
our
factory
there
are
a
few
machines
similar
to?__________?described
in
this
magazine.
10.I’m
moving
to
the
countryside
because
the
air
there
is
much
fresher
than__________?in
the
city.
11.In
many
ways,
the
education
system
in
the
US
is
not
very
different
from__________?in
the
UK.
12.This
is__________?my
father
has
taught
me—to
always
face
difficulties
and
hope
for
the
best.
13.—Would
you
like
tea
or
coffee?
—?__________(Both/Either/Neither),
thank
you.
I've
just
had
some
water.
14.We
should
move
on
bravely
on
our
life
journey
____________
difficulties
we
meet
with.
15.But
____________
it
does
have
is
a
bunch
of
middle-aged
actors
and
actresses
pretending
to
be
high
school
students.
二．单句改错
1.From
that
I
understand，
people
are
destroying
thousands
of
square
kilometers
of
trees
every
day.
2.We
should
be
grateful
to
them
in
return
for
which
they
have
done
for
us.
3.I
think
that
accepting
failure
is
that
we
need
to
do
first
before
we
succeed
eventually.
4.People
of
all
ages
happily
walk
along
the
pavement
with
their
attention
focused
on
the
mobile
phones,
quite
unaware
of
that
is
going
on
around
them.
5.After
all,anything
is
more
precious
than
time.
6.I
miss
you
very
much
and
thus
I’m
writing
to
tell
you
anything
about
my
new
life
at
college.
7.The
father
and
his
son
all
shook
my
hand
and
thanked
me
again
and
again.
8.My
uncle
gave
my
cousins
and
me
some
wine
and
said,“Now
enjoy
yourself,
but
don’t
get
drunk!
”
9.We
Chinese
people
call
us
descendants
of
the
dragon,
hoping
that
we
are
brave
and
powerful
enough
to
succeed.
10.Buses
should
have
its
own
special
lanes
to
facilitate
public
transport.
11.John
is
a
taxi
driver
in
London.
Last
week
her
mother
gave
him
two
tickets
for
a
play.
12.Sometimes
it
is
necessary
to
read
a
book
more
than
once
in
order
to
absorb
it’s
full
benefit.
13.A
man
was
selling
fresh
fish
and
a
lot
of
buyers
were
crowding
around
him
choosing
what
he
wanted.
14.He
had
a
deep
voice,
which
set
himself
apart
from
others
in
our
small
town.
15.Last
month,I
gave
some
of
my
clothes
to
a
girl
who
needed
it
because
her
parents
didn’t
have
money
to
buy
her
new
clothes.
考向1
人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
物主代词用法口诀
物主代词分两种
形容词性名词性
形容词性能力差
自己不能来当家
句子当中作定语
身后定把名词加
物主代词名词性
相当名词可单用
句中充当主宾表
身后没有名词影
两种代词形不同
添个“s”形变名
his，its不用变
my变mine要记清
反身代词的用法歌诀：
反身代词莫乱用，能作句中宾、表、同，主语、定语不能用，固定搭配要记清。
单数反身代词：myself,
yourself,
himself,
herself,
itself
复数反身代词：ourselves,
yourselves,
themselves
考向2
指示代词和替代词
考向3
不定代词
考向4
it的用法
