解密04介词（短语）和动词短语
【命题趋势】
1.
高考对介词（短语）及动词短语中介词和副词的考查会呈现复杂化、综合化。
2.
语法填空对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词，将会更加注重对介词固定搭配中的介词的考查，精细化考查介词短语的辨析。
3.
语法填空对动词短语的考查可能会给出动词，设空处让考生填出与之搭配的介词或副词。
【名师指导】
介词（短语）和动词短语解题技巧：
1.
分析具体语境，注意介词含义
常常设置语境考查介词，要仔细分析，正确理解，弄清命题意图，填出正确答案。
2.
积累介词用法，注意一词多义
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，其搭配灵活，意义丰富，为高考命题提供了广阔的空间。一个介词有多种不同的用法，一个意思又可以用不同的介词表达。在平时学习时，要注意整理、积累，逐一学会每个介词的主要用法，弄清易混介词用法的异同，根据语境灵活选用介词。
3.
体会英语本义，注意固定搭配
复习时，要系统复习同一介词与不同动词、名词、形容词搭配构成的短语意义。英语中一些介词的搭配是固定的，选择时要从英语本义上考虑，不能看其汉语表面意思。
4.
分类归纳短语，构建知识网络
动词短语题主要考查考生对英语中动词词组的识记和运用能力。在备考过程中要注意对动词词组进行归纳、比较。做题时，一方面要揣测命题人的意图，分析句子结构，正确理解句子的意思；另一方面要掌握动词词组的不同意思，并且能区别相似词组的意思，从而填出答案。
一、
表示“时间”的介词
1.
at,
on,
in
(1)?at表示“在某一时刻，某一时点”。如：
?I
get
up
at
6:00
every
day.?我每天6点起床。
注：at
daybreak在黎明
at
noon在中午
at
night在夜间
at
Christmas在圣诞节期间
at
the
age
of
five在五岁时
(2)?on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。如：
?I
heard
a
shot
on
(the
morning
of
)??March
18.?三月十八日(早晨)?我听到一声枪响。
?We
don’t
have
classes
on
Sunday.?星期天我们不上课。
(3)?in表示“在某世纪、年、季度、月、周”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。如：
in
the
20th
century在20世纪
in
1999在1999年
in
winter在冬季
in
September在九月
in
the
morning/afternoon/evening?在上午/下午/晚上
【巧学妙记】
at用在时刻前，亦与正午、午夜连，黎明、终止和开端，at与之紧接着相伴。
周月季年长时间，in须放在其前面，
泛指一晌和傍晚，也要放在in后边。
on指特定某一天，日期、星期和节日前
某天上下和夜晚，依然要在on后站。
今明昨天前后天，上下这那每之前，at、in、on都不用，此乃习惯记心间。
注：“上下这那每之前”是指“last/next/this/that/every”之前。
2.
for,
during,
through
(1)?for后接“一段时间”，表示某事持续多久，多与完成时连用。如：
?She
has
been
ill
for
several
days.?她已经病了几天了。
(2)?during表示“在……期间”。如：
?I
went
to
France
for
two
weeks
during
the
summer.?夏天我去了法国两个星期。
(3)?through表示“一直……，自始至终”。如：
?They
worked
hard
through
the
winter.?整个冬天他们都在努力工作。
3.
from,
since
(1)?from表示“时间的起点”，可译作“从……”，多用于“from…to/till…”中。如：
?You
can
come
anytime
from
Monday
to
Friday.?周一至周五你什么时间来都行。
(2)?since表示“自从……以来（直到现在）”。如：
?We
have
known
each
other
since
ten
years
ago.?我们十年前就认识了。
注意：
for和since都常与完成时连用，但for接时间段，since接时间点。如:
for
two
hours（持续）两小时
since
last
week从上周直到现在
4.
before,
by,
till,
until
(1)?before指“在……之前”，与after相对。如：
?Please
come
before
ten
o’clock.?请10点以前来。
(2)?by指“不迟于，到……时为止，在……以前”。如：
?We
had
learned
over
1000
words
by
the
end
of
last
term.
?到上学期末为止，我们已经学了1000多个单词了。
?We
will
have
learned
2000
English
words
by
the
end
of
this
term.?
到本学期结束前，我们将学了两千英语单词了。
注：by后接过去时间，常与过去完成时连用；by后接将来时间，常与将来完成时连用。
(3)?till
(until)??“直到……为止”。
在肯定句中，till/until必须与延续动词连用；在否定句中，till/until常与非
延续性动词连用。如
?I
didn’t
go
to
bed
until
12
o’clock.?直到12点我才睡。
?You
must
wait
for
him
till
tomorrow.?你必须一直等到他明天。
①
September
30
is
the
day
________
which
you
must
pay
your
bill.
【答案】by
【解析】句意：9月30日是你必须付账单的最后期限。此处by意为“不迟于……，在……之前”。
②
He
called
the
two
young
men
to
him
________
dawn,
when
others
were
sound
asleep.
【答案】before
【解析】语境说其他人还在酣睡，因此填介词before,表示“在拂晓前”。
5.
after,
in,
within
(1)?in和after都可表示“在……之后”，但用法不同：
a.
用in时要具备两个条件：用于将来时；后接时间段
?I’ll
arrive
in
an
hour.?我一小时后到达。
b.
after既可用于将来时，也可用于过去时
?He
got
a
cancer
and
died
after
a
year.?他患了癌症，一年后去世了。
?The
meeting
will
end
after
3:00pm.?会议将在下午三点后结束。
(2)?within“在……时间之内”。强调事情发生的全过程不超出某一时间，没有时态的限制。如：
?I
can
finish
it
within
an
hour.?我不需一小时就可把它做完。
(2014·北京)Jane
is
in
a
hurry
because
the
train
to
the
airport
leaves
_______
half
an
hour.
【答案】in
【解析】表示某段时间后将发生的某事。
二、
表示“地点、方位”的介词
1.
at,
on,
to,
in
at表示在小地方;
在……附近，旁边
in
表示
在大地方;
在……围之内
on
表示毗邻，接壤
to
表示在??范围外，不强调是否接壤
?He
arrived
at
the
station
at
ten.
?He
is
sitting
at
the
desk.
?He
arrived
in
Shanghai
yesterday.
?Jiangsu
lies
in
the
east
of
China.
?Russia
live
on
the
north
of
China.
?Fujian
is
to
the
south
of
Jiangsu
Province.
2.
above,
over,
on
above
指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与
below相对；
over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触；
on表示某物体上面并与之接触。
?The
bird
is
flying
above
my
head.
?There
is
a
bridge
over
the
river.
?He
put
his
watch
on
the
desk.
3.
along,
through,
across
(1)?across?和?through?都可表示“横过”或“穿过”，前者主要表示从某物的表面“横过”，涉及“面”的概念；而后者则表示从某个空间“穿过”，涉及“体”的概念。如：
?He
walked
across
the
road
carefully.?他小心地走过马路。
?He
walked
through
the
forest
alone.?他独自一人走过森林。
有时?across?表示“横过”也可在“体”内进行，但此时它仍与through?有差别：前者表示从某个“体”的一端到另一端，而后者表示穿过两端。如：
?He
walked
across
the
hall.?他从大厅的一端走到另一端。
?He
walked
through
the
hall.?他穿过大厅。
(2)along?表示“沿着”，通常用于狭长的东西。如：
?I
saw
him
running
along
the
road.?我看见他沿着这条路跑。
（2020.全国Ⅱ卷.短文改错）I’m
glad
to
know
that
you’ve
come
China
to
learn
kung
fu
in
a
school
in
my
hometown.
【答案】come后加to
【解析】考查介词。句意：
很高兴你来我们家乡来学中国功夫。
The
Great
Wall
winds
its
way
____high
mountains,
___
deep
valleys
and
___
great
deserts.
A.
on,
across,
through
B.
over,
through,
through
C.
over,
through,
across
D.
on,
in,
across
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词。句意：长城蜿蜒曲折越过高山，穿过山谷和沙漠。表示“越过”用over，表示“穿过内部”用through，表示“穿过表面”用across，故选C。
4.
between,
among
between一般指“两者之间”
among用于三个或三个以上的人或物之中，或笼统的一群人或一些物之中，表示“在……中间”。如：
?Between
the
door
and
the
windows
there
is
a
map.
门和窗户的中间有一张地图。
?They
hid
themselves
among
the
trees.
他们躲在树林中。
You
have
to
stop
eating
______
meals
if
you
want
to
lose
weight.
A.
among
B.
within
C.
between
D.
from
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词。句意：如果想要减肥，你必须避免在两餐之间吃东西。由句意可知此处用between表示“二者之间”。
三、其他介词
1.
表示“工具或手段”的介词
by,
with,
on
（1）by用某种方式,多用于交通。
by
bus乘公共汽车,
by
e-mail.
通过电子邮件。
注意:表示搭乘交通工具时,用by时不用冠词,用in时要用冠词。请比较:
?I
went
there
by
bus/in
a
bus.
我是坐公共汽车去的那儿。
（2）with表示“用某种工具”。如:
?He
broke
the
window
with
a
stone.
他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。
注意:with表示用某种工具时,必须用冠词或物主代词。
（3）on表示“以……方式”,多用于固定词组。
?They
talked
on
the
telephone.
他们通过电话进行交谈。
?She
learns
English
on
the
radio/on
tv.
她通过收音机/电视学英语。
（2015·新课标全国卷Ⅰ）For
those
who
fly
to
Guilin,
it’s
only
an
hour
away
car
and
offers
all
the
scenery
of
the
better-known
city.
【答案】by
【解析】by
car意思是“乘坐汽车”，表示交通方式。
2.
表示关于的介词
of,
about,
on
(1)
of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。如:
?He
spoke
of
the
film
the
other
day.
他前几天提到了这部影片。
(2)
about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。如:
?Can
you
tell
me
something
about
yourself?
你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗?
(3)on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。如:
?It’s
a
textbook
on
the
history
of
china.
它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。
3.
表原因或理由的介词for,
at,
from,
of,
with,
by,
because
of
(1)for表示原因,常与sorry,
famous,
punish,
praise,
thank,
blame等词连用。如:
?I
am
sorry
for
what
i
said
to
you.
我后悔不该对你讲那些话。
(2)at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到而……”。如:
?He
was
surprised
at
the
news.
听到这消息他大吃一惊。
(3)from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸等。如:
?He
died
from
the
wound.
他因受伤而致死。
(4)
of指“内在的原因”,如病、饿等。如:
?The
old
man
died
of
hunger.
老人死于饥饿。
(5)
with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。如:
?Hearing
the
news,
he
jumped
with
joy.
他们听到这个消息,欣喜若狂。
(6)by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。
?Her
body
was
bent
by
age.
他因年老背弯了。
?She
took
your
umbrella
by
mistake.
我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。
(7)because
of
表示引起结果的直接原因。如:
?He
retired
last
month
because
of
illness/because
he
ill.
1.（2020.全国新高考.语法填空）Museums
must
compete
45.
people’s
spare
time
and
money
with
other
amusements.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete
for，意为:
“为了……竞争”。故填for。
2.Nick,
it’s
good
for
you
to
read
some
books
China
before
you
start
your
trip
there.
A.in
B.
for
C.
of
D.
on
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词。on关于(事或人)。句意:Nick,在你去中国旅游前,看看有关中国的书对你有好处。
常见的介词搭配：
1.
“介词＋
名词”型
(1)
in
构成的短语
in
advance
在前头，事先，预先
in
case
如果，万一
in
charge主管，掌管，看管
in
common共有，共同，公有
in
demand有需要的
in
doubt
感到疑惑的，难以确定的
in
effect实际上，生效
in
fact事实上
in
order按序，井然有序，情况良好；
恰当
in
progress进行中
in
return作为回报
in
vain徒劳
in
turn依次，替换地；相应地，转而
(2)
on构成的短语
on
guard
在值勤
on
leave在休假
on
holiday在度假
on
strike罢工
on
sale出售
on
loan借贷
on
the
move在移动，搬迁；离开
on
the
march在行军
on
the
go正在活动，正在奔走
on
the
air正在广播
(3)
beyond构成的短语
beyond
one's
power是某人力所不及的
beyond
praise夸不胜夸
beyond
one's
reach够不着
beyond
description难以形容
beyond
words无法用语言形容
beyond
doubt无疑
beyond
one's
understanding
无法理解
(4)
under构成的短语
under
development
在发展中
under
observation在观察中
under
test在测试中
under
construction在建设中
under
examination在检查(调查)中
under
consideration在考虑中
under
repair在修理中
(5)
at
构成的短语
at
length
详细地，长时间
at
sea茫然
at
will任意地
at
work在上班
at
lunch在吃午饭
at
rest在休息
at
table在吃饭
at
school上学
at
church做礼拜
at
peace处于和平状态
(6)
out
of
构成的短语
out
of
breath
上气不接下气
out
of
balance失去平衡
out
of
date过时
out
of
patience不耐烦
out
of
control失去控制
out
of
business破产
out
of
style过时，不时髦
out
of
the
ordinary不寻常的
out
of
touch失去联系
2．
复杂介词型
(1)
表示原因(通常在句中作状语),
意为“由于，因为”。
because
of：表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系)；
on
account
of：常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素。
(2)
表示“除……之外”。
with
the
exception
of＝
except,
except
for“除……之外”；
apart
from
(＝美式英语中的aside
from)是个复合介词，既可表示“除……之外”，相当于except
(for),
又可以表示“除……之外，(还，也)”，相当于besides；
in
addition
to“除……之外(还，也)”，相当于besides。
(3)
表示“有关，关于”。
concerning=regarding“关于，就……而论，在……方面”；
with
respect
to“关于，就……而言”；
as
for和as
to用于句首时表示“至于”。
(4)
表示“在……之前”。
ahead
of=in
advance
of，可表示“(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前，更早”，
还可表示“领先，优于”；
in
front
of
多指空间的前后关系，“在……前方”。
(5)
表示“支持，赞成”。
in
support
of
维护，支持，支援；
in
favor
of
可指某人“支持，赞成”，也可指事物“有利于……”
(6)
表示“鉴于，由于；根据，按照”。
in
the
light
of
按照，考虑到
in
terms
of
就……而言，谈到
according
to
根据；按照
in
view
of
鉴于，因为
(7)
表示“尽管”。
in
spite
of
尽管，不管
（2020.全国高考Ш卷）
The
artist
was
finally
humbled
(谦卑)
by
the
greatest
artist
70.
earth,
Mother
Nature.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on
earth。故填on。
2.（2019.天津卷.单项填空）_______
all
the
problems,
several
of
the
players
produced
excellent
performances.
According
to
B.
Instead
of
C.
In
addition
to
D.In
spite
of
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：尽管有那么多问题，但有几个球员表现得很出色。A：根据；
B
:代替；
C：除......之外；D：尽管。
3.（2017·江苏卷）Determining
where
we
are
____________
our
surroundings
remains
an
essential
skill
for
our
survival.
A.
in
contrast
to
B.
in
defense
of
C.
in
face
of
D.
in
relation
to
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词短语。A.
in
contrast
to对比，截然不同；B.
in
defense
of为……辩护；C.
in
face
of面对；D.
in
relation
to与……有关。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。故选D。
4.
I
don’t
think
it
was
an
accident
at
all.
Your
brother
did
it________.
A.
for
purpose
B.in
order
C.
on
purpose
D.
out
of
order
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语。句意为：我认为这根本不是意外。你的哥哥故意为之。on
purpose表示“故意地”。
5.
This
meeting
room
is
a
non-smoking
area.
I
would
like
to
warn
you
that
if
you
smoked
here
you
would
be
fined.
A.in
detail
B.in
total
C.in
advance
D.in
general
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语。句意为：会议室是无烟区。我想提前警告你如果你在这里吸烟的话你将会被罚款。in
advance表示“提前”。
一、动词搭配是语法填空的重点，考生平时要注意积累常见的动词短语。
1.动词＋?away构成的短语动词有：
throw
away扔掉
put
away把……收拾好
give
away捐赠，分发
carry
away运走
run
away?潜逃，跑开
go
away
走开
2．动词＋?for构成的短语动词有：
answer
for负责
provide
for供给
all
for要求
plan
for打算，为……计划hope
for希望，期待
ask
for索取，寻找
send
for派人去请
go
for努力获取
pay
for偿还，赔偿
3．动词＋on构成的短语动词有：
try
on试穿，试验
put
on穿上，上演
have
on穿着，戴着
pull
on穿，戴
hold
on不挂断，坚持，继续
carry
on继续开展，坚持
keep
on继续
go
on继续
get
on上（车）
4．动词＋over构成的短语动词有：
come
over过来
hand
over移交
go
over仔细检查，复习
get
over克服，恢复
look
over检查
think
over仔细考虑
take
over接受，接管
hand
over?移交
turn
over翻转
5．动词＋?up构成的短语动词有：
bring
up抚育，培养
call
up召唤，打电话给
come
up走上前来，长出
cut
up切碎
fix
up修理
give
up放弃；go
up?上升，增长
grow
up
长大
look
up尊敬，向上看，查寻
make
up虚构，弥补，组成
put
up举起，搭建
set
up建立，创（纪录）
pick
up?捡起，（开车）接某人，偶然得到
send
up发射
show
up?揭露，露面
turn
up出现，把……调高一点
1.（2020.全国Ⅱ卷.语法填空）Bamboo
plants
are
associated
67.
health,
abundance
and
a
happy
home.
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be
associated
with与……相联系。故填with。
2.
（2018·江苏卷·完形填空）Raynor
Winn
and
her
husband
Moth
became
homeless
due
to
their
wrong
investment.
Their
savings
had
been___36___
to
pay
lawyers’
fees.
A.
drawn
up
B.
used
up
C.
backed
up
D.
kept
up
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语以及对语境的理解。A.
drawn
up起草；B.
used
up用光；C.
backed
up拥堵；D.
kept
up保持。根据后面的to
pay
lawyers’
fees.提示可知，他们的积蓄都用光了。故选B。
3.
（2018·天津卷·单项填空）At
first
Robert
wouldn't
let
his
daughter
go
diving,
but
eventually
he___________
as
she
was
so
confidence
about
her
skills.
A.
gave
in
B.
dressed
up
C.
broke
in
D.
turned
up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A.
gave
in屈服，让步；B.
dressed
up打扮；C.
broke
in闯入；打断；D.
turned
up出现。根据转折词but及原因as
she
was
so
confident
about
her
skills.可知，最终他让步了。故选A。
4.（2017·江苏卷·完形填空）In
his
first
years
of
high
school,
Gabriel
would
look
pityingly
at
music
students,
36（struggling）
across
the
campus
with
their
heavy
instrument
cases,
37
at
school
for
practice
hours
38（before）
anyone
else
had
to
be
there.
A.
rising
up
B.
coming
up
C.
driving
up
D.
turning
up
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语。根据＂
37
at
school
for
practice
hours
38
anyone
else＂可知，学习音乐的同学需要比不学音乐的早到学校几个小时，为了练习弹奏乐器。turn
up在＂出现＂，符合语境。
6．动词＋out构成的短语动词有：
come
out出来
go
out出去，熄灭
look
out留神，当心
walk
out走出
set
out出发，开始
put
out扑灭，生产
give
out发出，发表
hand
out分发
pick
out挑选
find
out找出，发现
speak
out大声地说
turn
out生产，结果是
get
out出去，离开
carry
out实行，执行
work
out计算出，解决，实行，行得通
bring
out出版
start
out?出发，动身。
（2017·江苏卷·单项填空）Working
with
the
medical
team
in
Africa
has
____________
the
best
in
her
as
a
doctor.
A.
held
out
B.
brought
out
C.
picked
out
D.
given
out
【答案】B
【解析】考查短语辨析。hold
out坚持；提供机会；伸出手；
B.
bring
out使显现，阐明，出版；C.
pick
out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D.
give
out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了最好的一面。这里取＂使显现＂之意，故选B。
二、常见同根动词短语辨析
1.bring
bring
in引进，挣得
bring
about引起，导致
bring
up养育，培养，呕吐，提出
bring
out使展现，推出（书等）
bring
down降低，使倒下
bring
back把……带回来，使忆起
bring
forth结果，生产，产生
bring
forward提出，提前
bring
off圆满完成（困难之事）
2．break
break
down崩溃，瓦解，垮掉，失败，分解
break
up打碎，分解，分开，结束，制止
break
through逾越，突破，冲破
break
away（from）挣脱，脱离
break
out爆发
break
in破门而入
break
into进入建筑物以便行窃，突然发出，打扰
break
off折断，中断
3．come
come
about发生
come
out结果出来，出版，开花
come
across偶遇，被理解
come
true变为现实
come
up走上前，被提出，走近
come
along一起来
come
up
with产生，发现（解决办法等）
4．give
give
up放弃
give
in屈服，呈交
give
out?用尽，耗尽，分发，公布，发表
give
off发出
give
away颁发，赠送，送掉，捐赠
5．go
go
against违背，与……不符，对……不利
go
without勉强维持，凑合
go
in
for爱好，参加，从事
go
by过去，依据，按照
go
on继续，发生
go
over复习，仔细审查，走近
go
ahead
进行
go
through?从头到尾地阅读，经历
go
away走开，外出度假，消失
go
for去取来或接来，争取得到
6．keep
keep
away（from）使远离
keep
back?扣除，保留，隐瞒不讲
keep
off?避开
keep
on继续
keep
out?挡在外边，请勿靠近
keep
up保持，不低落，持续，继续
keep
up
with跟上
keep
down抑制（以防其增长）
7．look
look
ahead向前看
look
about环顾
look
back回忆，回顾
look
out当心，找出
look
up向上看，查阅，看望
look
down
upon看不起
look
through翻阅
look
into调查，向内看
look
after照看，负责处理
look
on旁观
look
forward
to盼望
look
round寻找，边走边看，观光
8．put
put
back放回原处，拨回，阻碍，推迟
put
down平定，镇压，记下
put
away将事物放置于惯常保存之处，储蓄
put
forward提出（计划、建议），拨快，提前
put
off延期
put
on穿戴，上映
put
out扑灭，生产
put
up举起，张贴
9．take
take
in吸收
take
for?误认为
take
out?拿出
take
down?放下
take
up从事，拿起，占据
take
off?飞机起飞，脱下，休假，成功
take
by攻占
take
after像
take
along?随身携带
take
away带走，拿走，使离去
take
back?收回，退回（所购商品）
take
charge?负责，掌管
take
on呈现，雇佣
take
out拿出，带……出去
take
over?接管，接任
（2020.天津卷.单项填空）Kate
heard
a
man’s
voice
in
the
background
,
but
she
couldn’t
_____
what
he
was
saying.
set
aside
B.
take
back
C.
make
out
D.
keep
off
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：凯特在背景中听到了一个男人的声音，但她不能听清他在说什么。
A:留出；
B：收回；
C：
弄清楚；
D:不接近。
2.（2018·江苏卷·单项填空）
Developing?the?Yangtze?River?Economic?Belt?is?a?systematic?project?which?_______
a
clear
road
map
and
timetable.
A.
calls?for
B.
calls?on
C.
calls?off
D.
calls?up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A.
calls
for需要；B.
calls
on号召；C.
calls
off取消；D.
calls
up使想起。故选A。
3.
The
general
manager
has
to
retire
due
to
his
illness.
Who
do
you
think
will
________the
business?
take
in
B.
take
up
C.
take
on
D.
take
over
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：总经理由于生病必须退休，你认为谁将接管这个公司?take
over
＂接管，接手＂，符合句意。take
in＂领会，欺骗＂；take
up＂继续，占据(一定的时间或空间)＂；take
on＂承担(责任)，呈现＂。
10．turn
turn
back折回，掉转头
turn
away转身，走开，打发走
turn
out结果是，赶出，生产，制造
turn
down?拒绝，调小
turn
off?关掉
turn
over翻过来，移交
turn
in上交（作业等），拐入
turn
into变成，翻译
turn
on打开，取决于
turn
to求助于，翻到
turn
up调大，出现
Tom
had
to______
the
invitation
to
the
party
last
weekend
because
he
was
too
busy.
A.
turn
in
B.
turn
down
C.
turn
over
D.
turn
to
【答案】B
【解析】句意：上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。turn
in
上交；
turn
down拒绝；
turn
over
移交；
turn
to求助。根据句意可知选B。
1.常见同一形容词与不同介词搭配时意义上的差别
常见形容词
搭配
意义
absent
(be)
absent
from
缺席
(be)
absent
in
不在这里而在……
afraid
(be)
afraid
of
担心……
(be)
afraid
for
为……而担心
angry
(be)
angry
with
sb.
对某人生气
(be)
angry
at/about
sth.
因某事而生气
anxious
(be)anxious
for
sth
急于想得到
(be)anxious
about
sth./sb.
对某事/某人担心
different
(be)
different
from
与……不同
(be)
different
to
不关心
familiar
(be)
familiar
with
精通，熟悉
(be)
familiar
to
为……熟知（悉）
good
(be)
good
at
擅长于
(be)
good
for
对……有益
(be)
good
to
对……友好/态度好
popular
(be)
popular
with
sb.
受……欢迎
(be)
popular
for
因……而流行
strict
(be)
strict
with
sb.
对某人要求严格
(be)
strict
in
sth.
对某事要求严格
2.
容易混淆的含有介词固定搭配的词组
类
型
举
例
差一冠词，大相径庭
in
front
of（在……前面)——in
the
front
of（在……前部）
in
charge
of（负责）——in
the
charge
of（由……负责）out
of
question（毫无疑问）——out
of
the
question（不可能）
at
table（在吃饭；在吃饭时）——at
the
table（在桌子旁边）
有无介词，意义不同
know
sb.认识某人——know
about
sb.了解某人
shoot
sb.击中某人——shoot
at
sb.向某人射击search
sb.搜身——search
for
sb.搜寻某人
believe
sb.相信某人的话——believe
in
sb.信任某人的人格benefit
sb.使某人受益——benefit
from
sb.从某人那里得到益处
画蛇添足，误加介词
serve
the
people为人民服务（容易在serve后加for）
enter
the
room进入房间（容易在enter后加into）follow
me跟在我后面（容易在follow后加behind）
marry
sb.与某人结婚（容易在marry后加with）go
abroad出国（容易在go后面加to）
live
upstairs住在楼上（容易在live后面加
in）
母语思维，误用介词
be
caught
in
the
rain被雨淋着（不用by）
leave
for
some
place动身去某地（不用to）set
an
example
to
sb.为某人树立榜样（不用for）
in
the
direction朝着……方向（不用to）do
a
favor
for
sb.帮某人一个忙（不用to）
different
from和……不同（不用with）with
the
help
of在……的帮助下（不用under）
steal
sth.
from
sb.偷某人的东西（不用of）read
sth.
to
sb.给（为）……读（念）……（不用for）
题组一
真题在线
1.（2020.天津卷）.
The
company
is
willing
to
______________
the
new
technology
if
it
can
be
shown
to
reduce
production
costs.
A.
look
over
B.
bring
in
C.
put
aside
D.
knock
out
Modern
women
are
energetic,
ambitious,
and
most
of
all,
persistent
_________their
goal.
A.
in
pursuit
of
B.
in
return
for
C.
in
touch
with
D.
in
contrast
to
Don’t
be
late
for
the
9:00
meeting
because
I
am
__________
and
have
to
catch
the
11:00
train.
A.
on
a
limited
budget
B.
in
high
spirits
C.
on
a
tight
schedule
D.
in
deep
doubt
4.For
my
fifth
birthday,
my
mother
baked
me
a
cake
______
a
monkey.
A.
in
the
shape
of
B.
beyond
the
reach
of
C.
at
the
mercy
of
D.
on
the
side
of
5.
We
can’t
______
buying
a
new
printer
for
our
company.
The
one
we
have
doesn’t
work.
A.
take
up
B.
carry
out
C.
keep
on
D.
put
off
6.（2017·北京）Many
people
who
live
along
the
coast
make
a
living
_______
fishing
industry.
A.
at
B.
in
C.
on
D.
by
7.（2017·江苏）Determining
where
we
are
____________
our
surroundings
remains
an
essential
skill
for
our
survival.
A.
in
contrast
to
B.
in
defense
of
C.
in
face
of
D.
in
relation
to
8.（2017·北京）When
you
drive
through
the
Redwood
Forests
in
California,
you
will
be
___________
trees
that
are
over
1,000
years
old.
A.
among
B.
against
C.
behind
D.
below
9.（2017·新课标II卷·语法填空）It
ran
for
just
under
seven
kilometers
and
allowed
people
to
avoid
terrible
crowds(crowd)
on
the
roads
above
as
they
travelled
to
and
62
work.
10.（2017·天津）We
offer
an
excellent
education
to
our
students.
___________,
we
expect
students
to
work
hard.
A.
On
average
B.
At
best
C.
In
return
D.
After
all
11.（2017·天津·完形填空）…
My
goal
was
to
lose
150
pounds
in
one
year
and
raise
$50,000
25
a
movement
founded
30
years
ago
to
end
hunger.
A.
in
search
of
B.
in
need
of
C.
in
place
of
D.
in
support
of
13.（2017·新课标I卷·语法填空）There
has
been
a
recent
trend
in
the
food
service
industry
toward
lower
fat
content
and
less
salt.
This
trend,
which
was
started
by
the
medical
community（医学界）
a
method
of
fighting
heart
disease,
has
had
some
unintended
side
(effects)
(effect)
such
as
overweight
and
heart
disease
—
the
very
thing
the
medical
community
was
trying
to
fight.
14.（2017·新课标I卷·短文改错）It
was
a
relief
and
I
came
to
a
suddenly
stop
just
in
the
middle
on
the
road.
15.（2017·新课标II卷·短文改错）They
have
also
bought
for
some
gardening
tools.
beside,
they
often
get
some
useful
information
from
the
internet.
16.（2016·天津卷·单项填空）The
dictionary
is
______:
many
words
have
been
added
to
the
language
since
it
was
published.
A.
out
of
control
B.
out
of
date
C.
out
of
sight
D.
out
of
reach
17.（2016·浙江卷·单项填空）The
study
suggests
that
the
cultures
we
grow
up
_______
influence
the
basic
processes
by
which
we
see
world
around
us.
A.
on
B.
in
C.
at
D.
about
18.（2016·全国新课标卷II·语法填空）Most
of
us
are
more
focused
44
our
tasks
in
the
morning
than
we
are
later
in
the
day.
19.（2016·浙江）That
young
man
is
honest
,
cooperative
,
always
there
when
you
need
his
help.______,
he’s
reliable.
A.
Or
else
B.
In
short
C.
By
the
way
D.
For
one
thing
20.（2017·天津卷）Mr.
and
Mrs.
Brown
would
like
to
see
their
daughter
___________,
get
married,
and
have
kids.
A.
settled
down
B.
keep
off
C.
get
up
D.
cut
in
21.（2017·天津卷·完形填空）I
was
filled
with
the
fear
that
I
would
28
the
same
difficulties
that
beat
me
before.
A.
get
over
B.
run
into
C.
look
for
D.
put
aside
22.（2015·重庆）Last
year
was
the
warmest
year
on
record,
with
global
temperature
0.68
℃____
the
average.
A.
below
B.
on
C.
at
D.
above
题组二
名校模拟
Ⅰ.
单项填空
1.
You
have
to
stop
eating
meals
if
you
want
to
lose
weight.
A.among
B.within
C.between
D.from
2．When
you
drive
through
the
Redwood
Forests
in
California,
you
will
be
trees
that
are
over
1,000
years
old.
A.among
B.against
C.behind
D.below
3．As
we
all
know,
stories
of
love
and
adventure
were
popular
the
Middle
Ages.
A.via
B.throughout
C.to
D.under
4．The
five
artists
are
remembered
by
people
their
contributions
that
laid
solid
foundations
for
the
Chinese
art
today.
A.on
account
of
B.with
regard
to
C.in
terms
of
D.in
reference
to
5．Her
eyes
were
filled
with
anger
when
she
found
the
house
was
—
milk
spilt
all
over
the
carpet.
A.in
rags
B.in
chaos
C.in
shape
D.in
danger
6．Just
remember
that
you
can’t
visit
the
museum
now.
a
small
incident,
the
entrance
is
closed
temporarily.
A.Due
to
B.Instead
of
C.Regardless
of
D.According
to
7．The
divers
have
connected
two
underwater
caves
to
reveal
the
biggest
flooded
cave
on
the
planet,
a
discovery
likely
to
help
the
ancient
Maya
civilization.
A.cast
light
on
B.get
hold
of
C.catch
sight
of
D.lay
stress
on
8．Users
are
the
supercomputer
to
scan
the
Earth
for
oil,
create
artificial
nuclear
fusion(核聚变)
and
build
airplanes.
A.taking
charge
of
B.taking
advantage
of
C.keeping
away
from
D.looking
out
for
9．The
problem
with
people
who
are
overqualified
for
the
job
is
that
they
often
don’t
stay
in
it
for
long.
A.taking
over
B.taking
out
C.taking
on
D.taking
to
10．Copying
this
documents
the
whole
morning.
A.took
down
B.took
in
C.took
out
D.took
up
11．—Julia
failed
to
her
mid-term
exam.
—What
a
pity!
No
wonder
she
is
in
low
spirits.
A.get
over
B.get
through
C.get
across
D.get
round
12．Despite
the
importance
of
the
Asian
market,
the
company
does
little
to
change
design
to
Asian
tastes.
A.cater
to
B.take
to
C.admit
to
D.submit
to
13．The
accident
on
the
66th
Road
yesterday
is
assumed
to
have
been
caused
by
a
driver
who
was
trying
to
.
A.cut
in
B.flood
in
C.break
in
D.give
in
14．Thanks
to
his
strong
constitution,
Jack
was
able
to
his
recent
serious
illness.
A.
run
through
B.
cut
through
C.
pull
through
D.
put
through
15．The
most
impressive
and
pleasant
memory
in
my
childhood
was
that
all
my
family
members
in
the
tent
when
we
went
hiking.
A.
turned
up
B.
put
up
C.
woke
up
D.
set
up
Ⅱ.
单句改错
1.
I
lent
to
her
some
money
in
order
that
she
could
go
for
a
holiday.
_________________________________________________________________________
2.
Joe
wasted
a
lot
time
before
he
got
down
to
work.
_________________________________________________________________________
3.
The
biggest
problem
was
in
that
almost
all
communication
systems
were
destroyed.
_________________________________________________________________________
4.
Only
a
few
months
ago,
this
area
suffered
by
the
worst
drought
in
a
century.
_________________________________________________________________________
5.
It
was
very
kind
for
them
to
invite
me
to
visit
their
country.
_________________________________________________________________________
6.
Appreciate
and
honor
what
you
have
instead
focusing
on
what
you
do
not.
_________________________________________________________________________
7.
The
boy
wanted
to
join
in
the
army
but
was
turned
down
because
he
was
under
age.
_________________________________________________________________________
8.
I
just
couldn’t
laugh
to
his
jokes
the
way
I
used
to.
_________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.
语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
One
of
the
purposes
of
children's
slang(俚语)? 1 (be)
to
stop
adults
from
being
able
to
understand
what
they’re
saying.
Obviously,
the
strategy
works.
Recent
research
shows
that? 2 majority
of
adults
can’t
translate
the
meaning
of
common
slang.
In
a
survey
of
4,5000
people
last
month,? 3 was
found
that
85
percent
of
adults
didn’t
understand
the
translations
of
emoji(表情符号)and
text.
The
researchers
warned
that
a
lack
of? 4 (aware)
of
what
children
are
communicating
online
can
leave
them
unprotected,
with
phrases
that
express
eating
disorders
and
unhappiness
not
5 (understand).
For
young
people
growing
up
with
technology,
this
new
language
comes? 6 (natural),
but
it’s
leaving
some
adults
unsure
about? 7 is
being
said
by
their
children
online.
It’s
important
for
adults
to
speak
to
young
people
about
how
they
use
social
media
and
chat
online.
Caroline
Bunting,
general
manager
at
Internet
matters,
said
“While
it
is
unrealistic
to
expect
parents
8 (know)
every
piece
of
Internet
slang
their
children
will
ever
see,
online
safety
starts? 9 a
conversation.
It’s
vital
for
parents
to
talk
to
their
kids
about
their
digital
worlds,
including
all? 10 (sort)
of
things
they
might
experience
online
and
the
types
of
problems
to
be
aware
of.”
针对训练
Ⅰ.根据句意用合适的介词或连词填空
1．(2014·北京高考)Some
animals
carry
seeds
from
one
place
to
another，
plants
can
spread
to
new
places.
2．(2014·北京高考)Jane
is
in
a
hurry
because
the
train
to
the
airport
leaves
half
an
hour.
3．(2014·大纲全国卷)September
30
is
the
day
which
you
must
pay
your
bill.
4．(2014·江西高考)It
is
unbelievable
that
Mr.Lucas
leads
a
simple
life
his
great
wealth.
5．(2014·重庆高考)She
drove
so
fast
at
the
turn
that
the
car
almost
went
the
road.
6．(2014·浙江高考)People
won't
pay
attention
to
you
when
they
still
have
a
lot
of
ideas
of
their
own
crying
expression.
7．(2014·陕西高考)The
Scottish
girl
blue
eyes
won
the
first
prize
in
the
Fifth
Chinese
Speech
Contest.
8．(2014·山东高考)
I
don't
really
like
the
author，
I
have
to
admit
his
books
are
very
exciting.
9．(2013·大纲全国卷)I
was
glad
to
meet
Jenny
again，
I
didn't
want
to
spend
all
day
with
her.
10．(2013·四川高考)Read
this
story，
you
will
realize
that
not
everything
can
be
bought
with
money.
Ⅱ.选词填空
in
store；on
the
other
hand；in
return；rather
than；except
for；in
response
to；as
a
matter
of
fact；in
shape；in
addition
to
1．(2014·安徽高考)What
we
expect
from
you
is
working
hard
hardly
working.
2．(2014·福建高考)Our
club
is
open
to
everyone
age，sex
or
educational
background.
3．(2014·江苏高考)Tom
always
goes
jogging
in
the
morning
and
he
usually
does
push?ups
too
to
stay
.
4．(2014·湖北高考)Check
carrots，potatoes，onions
and
any
other
vegetables
and
immediately
use
or
throw
away
any
which
show
signs
of
rotting.
5．(2014·江西高考)Starting
your
own
business
could
be
a
way
to
achieving
financial
independence.
，it
could
just
put
you
in
debt.
6．(2014·天津高考)
the
school，the
village
has
a
clinic，which
was
also
built
with
government
support.
7．(2014·浙江高考)While
staying
in
the
village，James
unselfishly
shared
whatever
he
had
with
the
villagers
without
asking
for
anything
.
8．(2014·浙江高考)Facing
up
to
your
problems
running
away
from
them
is
the
best
approach
to
working
things
out.
9．(2014·浙江高考)There's
no
reason
to
be
disappointed.
，this
could
be
rather
amusing.
10．(2014·浙江五校一联)The
company
has
changed
some
of
its
working
practices
complaints
and
criticism
from
the
customers.
Ⅲ.语篇填空
用适当的介词填空
Father's
Day
occurs
on
the
3rd
Sunday
in
June.The
idea
for
creating
a
day
1.
children
to
honor
their
fathers
began
in
Spokane，Washington.A
woman
2.
the
name
of
Sonora
Smart
Dodd
thought
3.
the
idea
for
Father's
Day
while
listening
to
a
Mother's
Day
sermon
4.
1909.
Having
been
raised
5.
her
father，Henry
Jackson
Smart，after
her
mother
died，Sonora
wanted
her
father
to
know
how
special
he
was
6.
her.It
was
her
father
that
made
all
the
parental
sacrifices
and
was，7.
the
eyes
of
his
daughter，a
courageous，selfless，and
loving
man.Sonora's
father
was
born
in
June，so
she
chose
to
hold
the
first
Father's
Day
celebration
8.
Spokane，Washington
9.
the
19th
of
June,1910.
In
1924
President
Calvin
Coolidge
announced
the
third
Sunday
in
June
10.
Father's
Day.Roses
are
the
flowers
for
Father's
Day.
综合演练
语法填空
用适当的词完成下列短文
It
may
help
you
to
know
that
there
is
no
such
thing
as
a
perfect
speech.1.
some
point
in
every
speech，every
speaker
says
something
that
is
not
understood
exactly
as
he
has
planned.Fortunately，the
moments
are
usually
not
obvious
2.
the
listeners.Why？Because
the
listeners
do
not
know
what
the
speaker
plans
to
say.
They
hear
only
what
the
speaker
does
say.If
you
lose
your
place
3.
a
moment，wrongly
change
the
order
of
a
couple
4.
sentences，5.
forget
to
pause
at
a
certain
point，no
one
will
be
any
the
wiser.When
such
moments
occur，don't
worry
about
them.Just
continue
as
if
nothing
happened.
Even
if
you
do
make
an
obvious
mistake
6.
a
speech，that
doesn't
really
matter.In
fact，the
listeners
are
not
looking
7.
a
perfect
performer.They
are
looking
for
a
well
thought
out
speech
that
expresses
the
speaker's
ideas
clearly
8.
directly.As
you
work
9.
your
speech，don't
worry
about
being
imperfect.Once
you
free
your
mind
10.
this，you
will
find
it
much
easier
to
give
your
speech
freely.
考点详解
考向1
介词
考点详解
考向1
介词
考向2
介词短语
考向3
动词短语
难点剖析
检测训练解密04介词（短语）和动词短语
【命题趋势】
1.
高考对介词（短语）及动词短语中介词和副词的考查会呈现复杂化、综合化。
2.
语法填空对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词，将会更加注重对介词固定搭配中的介词的考查，精细化考查介词短语的辨析。
3.
语法填空对动词短语的考查可能会给出动词，设空处让考生填出与之搭配的介词或副词。
【名师指导】
介词（短语）和动词短语解题技巧：
1.
分析具体语境，注意介词含义
常常设置语境考查介词，要仔细分析，正确理解，弄清命题意图，填出正确答案。
2.
积累介词用法，注意一词多义
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，其搭配灵活，意义丰富，为高考命题提供了广阔的空间。一个介词有多种不同的用法，一个意思又可以用不同的介词表达。在平时学习时，要注意整理、积累，逐一学会每个介词的主要用法，弄清易混介词用法的异同，根据语境灵活选用介词。
3.
体会英语本义，注意固定搭配
复习时，要系统复习同一介词与不同动词、名词、形容词搭配构成的短语意义。英语中一些介词的搭配是固定的，选择时要从英语本义上考虑，不能看其汉语表面意思。
4.
分类归纳短语，构建知识网络
动词短语题主要考查考生对英语中动词词组的识记和运用能力。在备考过程中要注意对动词词组进行归纳、比较。做题时，一方面要揣测命题人的意图，分析句子结构，正确理解句子的意思；另一方面要掌握动词词组的不同意思，并且能区别相似词组的意思，从而填出答案。
一、
表示“时间”的介词
1.
at,
on,
in
(1)?at表示“在某一时刻，某一时点”。如：
?I
get
up
at
6:00
every
day.?我每天6点起床。
注：at
daybreak在黎明
at
noon在中午
at
night在夜间
at
Christmas在圣诞节期间
at
the
age
of
five在五岁时
(2)?on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。如：
?I
heard
a
shot
on
(the
morning
of
)??March
18.?三月十八日(早晨)?我听到一声枪响。
?We
don’t
have
classes
on
Sunday.?星期天我们不上课。
(3)?in表示“在某世纪、年、季度、月、周”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。如：
in
the
20th
century在20世纪
in
1999在1999年
in
winter在冬季
in
September在九月
in
the
morning/afternoon/evening?在上午/下午/晚上
【巧学妙记】
at用在时刻前，亦与正午、午夜连，黎明、终止和开端，at与之紧接着相伴。
周月季年长时间，in须放在其前面，
泛指一晌和傍晚，也要放在in后边。
on指特定某一天，日期、星期和节日前
某天上下和夜晚，依然要在on后站。
今明昨天前后天，上下这那每之前，at、in、on都不用，此乃习惯记心间。
注：“上下这那每之前”是指“last/next/this/that/every”之前。
2.
for,
during,
through
(1)?for后接“一段时间”，表示某事持续多久，多与完成时连用。如：
?She
has
been
ill
for
several
days.?她已经病了几天了。
(2)?during表示“在……期间”。如：
?I
went
to
France
for
two
weeks
during
the
summer.?夏天我去了法国两个星期。
(3)?through表示“一直……，自始至终”。如：
?They
worked
hard
through
the
winter.?整个冬天他们都在努力工作。
3.
from,
since
(1)?from表示“时间的起点”，可译作“从……”，多用于“from…to/till…”中。如：
?You
can
come
anytime
from
Monday
to
Friday.?周一至周五你什么时间来都行。
(2)?since表示“自从……以来（直到现在）”。如：
?We
have
known
each
other
since
ten
years
ago.?我们十年前就认识了。
注意：
for和since都常与完成时连用，但for接时间段，since接时间点。如:
for
two
hours（持续）两小时
since
last
week从上周直到现在
4.
before,
by,
till,
until
(1)?before指“在……之前”，与after相对。如：
?Please
come
before
ten
o’clock.?请10点以前来。
(2)?by指“不迟于，到……时为止，在……以前”。如：
?We
had
learned
over
1000
words
by
the
end
of
last
term.
?到上学期末为止，我们已经学了1000多个单词了。
?We
will
have
learned
2000
English
words
by
the
end
of
this
term.?
到本学期结束前，我们将学了两千英语单词了。
注：by后接过去时间，常与过去完成时连用；by后接将来时间，常与将来完成时连用。
(3)?till
(until)??“直到……为止”。
在肯定句中，till/until必须与延续动词连用；在否定句中，till/until常与非
延续性动词连用。如
?I
didn’t
go
to
bed
until
12
o’clock.?直到12点我才睡。
?You
must
wait
for
him
till
tomorrow.?你必须一直等到他明天。
①
September
30
is
the
day
________
which
you
must
pay
your
bill.
【答案】by
【解析】句意：9月30日是你必须付账单的最后期限。此处by意为“不迟于……，在……之前”。
②
He
called
the
two
young
men
to
him
________
dawn,
when
others
were
sound
asleep.
【答案】before
【解析】语境说其他人还在酣睡，因此填介词before,表示“在拂晓前”。
5.
after,
in,
within
(1)?in和after都可表示“在……之后”，但用法不同：
a.
用in时要具备两个条件：用于将来时；后接时间段
?I’ll
arrive
in
an
hour.?我一小时后到达。
b.
after既可用于将来时，也可用于过去时
?He
got
a
cancer
and
died
after
a
year.?他患了癌症，一年后去世了。
?The
meeting
will
end
after
3:00pm.?会议将在下午三点后结束。
(2)?within“在……时间之内”。强调事情发生的全过程不超出某一时间，没有时态的限制。如：
?I
can
finish
it
within
an
hour.?我不需一小时就可把它做完。
(2014·北京)Jane
is
in
a
hurry
because
the
train
to
the
airport
leaves
_______
half
an
hour.
【答案】in
【解析】表示某段时间后将发生的某事。
二、
表示“地点、方位”的介词
1.
at,
on,
to,
in
at表示在小地方;
在……附近，旁边
in
表示
在大地方;
在……围之内
on
表示毗邻，接壤
to
表示在??范围外，不强调是否接壤
?He
arrived
at
the
station
at
ten.
?He
is
sitting
at
the
desk.
?He
arrived
in
Shanghai
yesterday.
?Jiangsu
lies
in
the
east
of
China.
?Russia
live
on
the
north
of
China.
?Fujian
is
to
the
south
of
Jiangsu
Province.
2.
above,
over,
on
above
指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与
below相对；
over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触；
on表示某物体上面并与之接触。
?The
bird
is
flying
above
my
head.
?There
is
a
bridge
over
the
river.
?He
put
his
watch
on
the
desk.
3.
along,
through,
across
(1)?across?和?through?都可表示“横过”或“穿过”，前者主要表示从某物的表面“横过”，涉及“面”的概念；而后者则表示从某个空间“穿过”，涉及“体”的概念。如：
?He
walked
across
the
road
carefully.?他小心地走过马路。
?He
walked
through
the
forest
alone.?他独自一人走过森林。
有时?across?表示“横过”也可在“体”内进行，但此时它仍与through?有差别：前者表示从某个“体”的一端到另一端，而后者表示穿过两端。如：
?He
walked
across
the
hall.?他从大厅的一端走到另一端。
?He
walked
through
the
hall.?他穿过大厅。
(2)along?表示“沿着”，通常用于狭长的东西。如：
?I
saw
him
running
along
the
road.?我看见他沿着这条路跑。
（2020.全国Ⅱ卷.短文改错）I’m
glad
to
know
that
you’ve
come
China
to
learn
kung
fu
in
a
school
in
my
hometown.
【答案】come后加to
【解析】考查介词。句意：
很高兴你来我们家乡来学中国功夫。
The
Great
Wall
winds
its
way
____high
mountains,
___
deep
valleys
and
___
great
deserts.
A.
on,
across,
through
B.
over,
through,
through
C.
over,
through,
across
D.
on,
in,
across
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词。句意：长城蜿蜒曲折越过高山，穿过山谷和沙漠。表示“越过”用over，表示“穿过内部”用through，表示“穿过表面”用across，故选C。
4.
between,
among
between一般指“两者之间”
among用于三个或三个以上的人或物之中，或笼统的一群人或一些物之中，表示“在……中间”。如：
?Between
the
door
and
the
windows
there
is
a
map.
门和窗户的中间有一张地图。
?They
hid
themselves
among
the
trees.
他们躲在树林中。
You
have
to
stop
eating
______
meals
if
you
want
to
lose
weight.
A.
among
B.
within
C.
between
D.
from
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词。句意：如果想要减肥，你必须避免在两餐之间吃东西。由句意可知此处用between表示“二者之间”。
三、其他介词
1.
表示“工具或手段”的介词
by,
with,
on
（1）by用某种方式,多用于交通。
by
bus乘公共汽车,
by
e-mail.
通过电子邮件。
注意:表示搭乘交通工具时,用by时不用冠词,用in时要用冠词。请比较:
?I
went
there
by
bus/in
a
bus.
我是坐公共汽车去的那儿。
（2）with表示“用某种工具”。如:
?He
broke
the
window
with
a
stone.
他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。
注意:with表示用某种工具时,必须用冠词或物主代词。
（3）on表示“以……方式”,多用于固定词组。
?They
talked
on
the
telephone.
他们通过电话进行交谈。
?She
learns
English
on
the
radio/on
tv.
她通过收音机/电视学英语。
（2015·新课标全国卷Ⅰ）For
those
who
fly
to
Guilin,
it’s
only
an
hour
away
car
and
offers
all
the
scenery
of
the
better-known
city.
【答案】by
【解析】by
car意思是“乘坐汽车”，表示交通方式。
2.
表示关于的介词
of,
about,
on
(1)
of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。如:
?He
spoke
of
the
film
the
other
day.
他前几天提到了这部影片。
(2)
about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。如:
?Can
you
tell
me
something
about
yourself?
你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗?
(3)on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。如:
?It’s
a
textbook
on
the
history
of
china.
它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。
3.
表原因或理由的介词for,
at,
from,
of,
with,
by,
because
of
(1)for表示原因,常与sorry,
famous,
punish,
praise,
thank,
blame等词连用。如:
?I
am
sorry
for
what
i
said
to
you.
我后悔不该对你讲那些话。
(2)at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到而……”。如:
?He
was
surprised
at
the
news.
听到这消息他大吃一惊。
(3)from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸等。如:
?He
died
from
the
wound.
他因受伤而致死。
(4)
of指“内在的原因”,如病、饿等。如:
?The
old
man
died
of
hunger.
老人死于饥饿。
(5)
with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。如:
?Hearing
the
news,
he
jumped
with
joy.
他们听到这个消息,欣喜若狂。
(6)by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。
?Her
body
was
bent
by
age.
他因年老背弯了。
?She
took
your
umbrella
by
mistake.
我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。
(7)because
of
表示引起结果的直接原因。如:
?He
retired
last
month
because
of
illness/because
he
ill.
1.（2020.全国新高考.语法填空）Museums
must
compete
45.
people’s
spare
time
and
money
with
other
amusements.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete
for，意为:
“为了……竞争”。故填for。
2.Nick,
it’s
good
for
you
to
read
some
books
China
before
you
start
your
trip
there.
A.in
B.
for
C.
of
D.
on
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词。on关于(事或人)。句意:Nick,在你去中国旅游前,看看有关中国的书对你有好处。
常见的介词搭配：
1.
“介词＋
名词”型
(1)
in
构成的短语
in
advance
在前头，事先，预先
in
case
如果，万一
in
charge主管，掌管，看管
in
common共有，共同，公有
in
demand有需要的
in
doubt
感到疑惑的，难以确定的
in
effect实际上，生效
in
fact事实上
in
order按序，井然有序，情况良好；
恰当
in
progress进行中
in
return作为回报
in
vain徒劳
in
turn依次，替换地；相应地，转而
(2)
on构成的短语
on
guard
在值勤
on
leave在休假
on
holiday在度假
on
strike罢工
on
sale出售
on
loan借贷
on
the
move在移动，搬迁；离开
on
the
march在行军
on
the
go正在活动，正在奔走
on
the
air正在广播
(3)
beyond构成的短语
beyond
one's
power是某人力所不及的
beyond
praise夸不胜夸
beyond
one's
reach够不着
beyond
description难以形容
beyond
words无法用语言形容
beyond
doubt无疑
beyond
one's
understanding
无法理解
(4)
under构成的短语
under
development
在发展中
under
observation在观察中
under
test在测试中
under
construction在建设中
under
examination在检查(调查)中
under
consideration在考虑中
under
repair在修理中
(5)
at
构成的短语
at
length
详细地，长时间
at
sea茫然
at
will任意地
at
work在上班
at
lunch在吃午饭
at
rest在休息
at
table在吃饭
at
school上学
at
church做礼拜
at
peace处于和平状态
(6)
out
of
构成的短语
out
of
breath
上气不接下气
out
of
balance失去平衡
out
of
date过时
out
of
patience不耐烦
out
of
control失去控制
out
of
business破产
out
of
style过时，不时髦
out
of
the
ordinary不寻常的
out
of
touch失去联系
2．
复杂介词型
(1)
表示原因(通常在句中作状语),
意为“由于，因为”。
because
of：表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系)；
on
account
of：常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素。
(2)
表示“除……之外”。
with
the
exception
of＝
except,
except
for“除……之外”；
apart
from
(＝美式英语中的aside
from)是个复合介词，既可表示“除……之外”，相当于except
(for),
又可以表示“除……之外，(还，也)”，相当于besides；
in
addition
to“除……之外(还，也)”，相当于besides。
(3)
表示“有关，关于”。
concerning=regarding“关于，就……而论，在……方面”；
with
respect
to“关于，就……而言”；
as
for和as
to用于句首时表示“至于”。
(4)
表示“在……之前”。
ahead
of=in
advance
of，可表示“(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前，更早”，
还可表示“领先，优于”；
in
front
of
多指空间的前后关系，“在……前方”。
(5)
表示“支持，赞成”。
in
support
of
维护，支持，支援；
in
favor
of
可指某人“支持，赞成”，也可指事物“有利于……”
(6)
表示“鉴于，由于；根据，按照”。
in
the
light
of
按照，考虑到
in
terms
of
就……而言，谈到
according
to
根据；按照
in
view
of
鉴于，因为
(7)
表示“尽管”。
in
spite
of
尽管，不管
（2020.全国高考Ш卷）
The
artist
was
finally
humbled
(谦卑)
by
the
greatest
artist
70.
earth,
Mother
Nature.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on
earth。故填on。
2.（2019.天津卷.单项填空）_______
all
the
problems,
several
of
the
players
produced
excellent
performances.
According
to
B.
Instead
of
C.
In
addition
to
D.In
spite
of
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：尽管有那么多问题，但有几个球员表现得很出色。A：根据；
B
:代替；
C：除......之外；D：尽管。
3.（2017·江苏卷）Determining
where
we
are
____________
our
surroundings
remains
an
essential
skill
for
our
survival.
A.
in
contrast
to
B.
in
defense
of
C.
in
face
of
D.
in
relation
to
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词短语。A.
in
contrast
to对比，截然不同；B.
in
defense
of为……辩护；C.
in
face
of面对；D.
in
relation
to与……有关。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。故选D。
4.
I
don’t
think
it
was
an
accident
at
all.
Your
brother
did
it________.
A.
for
purpose
B.in
order
C.
on
purpose
D.
out
of
order
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语。句意为：我认为这根本不是意外。你的哥哥故意为之。on
purpose表示“故意地”。
5.
This
meeting
room
is
a
non-smoking
area.
I
would
like
to
warn
you
that
if
you
smoked
here
you
would
be
fined.
A.in
detail
B.in
total
C.in
advance
D.in
general
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语。句意为：会议室是无烟区。我想提前警告你如果你在这里吸烟的话你将会被罚款。in
advance表示“提前”。
一、动词搭配是语法填空的重点，考生平时要注意积累常见的动词短语。
1.动词＋?away构成的短语动词有：
throw
away扔掉
put
away把……收拾好
give
away捐赠，分发
carry
away运走
run
away?潜逃，跑开
go
away
走开
2．动词＋?for构成的短语动词有：
answer
for负责
provide
for供给
all
for要求
plan
for打算，为……计划hope
for希望，期待
ask
for索取，寻找
send
for派人去请
go
for努力获取
pay
for偿还，赔偿
3．动词＋on构成的短语动词有：
try
on试穿，试验
put
on穿上，上演
have
on穿着，戴着
pull
on穿，戴
hold
on不挂断，坚持，继续
carry
on继续开展，坚持
keep
on继续
go
on继续
get
on上（车）
4．动词＋over构成的短语动词有：
come
over过来
hand
over移交
go
over仔细检查，复习
get
over克服，恢复
look
over检查
think
over仔细考虑
take
over接受，接管
hand
over?移交
turn
over翻转
5．动词＋?up构成的短语动词有：
bring
up抚育，培养
call
up召唤，打电话给
come
up走上前来，长出
cut
up切碎
fix
up修理
give
up放弃；go
up?上升，增长
grow
up
长大
look
up尊敬，向上看，查寻
make
up虚构，弥补，组成
put
up举起，搭建
set
up建立，创（纪录）
pick
up?捡起，（开车）接某人，偶然得到
send
up发射
show
up?揭露，露面
turn
up出现，把……调高一点
1.（2020.全国Ⅱ卷.语法填空）Bamboo
plants
are
associated
67.
health,
abundance
and
a
happy
home.
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be
associated
with与……相联系。故填with。
2.
（2018·江苏卷·完形填空）Raynor
Winn
and
her
husband
Moth
became
homeless
due
to
their
wrong
investment.
Their
savings
had
been___36___
to
pay
lawyers’
fees.
A.
drawn
up
B.
used
up
C.
backed
up
D.
kept
up
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语以及对语境的理解。A.
drawn
up起草；B.
used
up用光；C.
backed
up拥堵；D.
kept
up保持。根据后面的to
pay
lawyers’
fees.提示可知，他们的积蓄都用光了。故选B。
3.
（2018·天津卷·单项填空）At
first
Robert
wouldn't
let
his
daughter
go
diving,
but
eventually
he___________
as
she
was
so
confidence
about
her
skills.
A.
gave
in
B.
dressed
up
C.
broke
in
D.
turned
up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A.
gave
in屈服，让步；B.
dressed
up打扮；C.
broke
in闯入；打断；D.
turned
up出现。根据转折词but及原因as
she
was
so
confident
about
her
skills.可知，最终他让步了。故选A。
4.（2017·江苏卷·完形填空）In
his
first
years
of
high
school,
Gabriel
would
look
pityingly
at
music
students,
36（struggling）
across
the
campus
with
their
heavy
instrument
cases,
37
at
school
for
practice
hours
38（before）
anyone
else
had
to
be
there.
A.
rising
up
B.
coming
up
C.
driving
up
D.
turning
up
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语。根据＂
37
at
school
for
practice
hours
38
anyone
else＂可知，学习音乐的同学需要比不学音乐的早到学校几个小时，为了练习弹奏乐器。turn
up在＂出现＂，符合语境。
6．动词＋out构成的短语动词有：
come
out出来
go
out出去，熄灭
look
out留神，当心
walk
out走出
set
out出发，开始
put
out扑灭，生产
give
out发出，发表
hand
out分发
pick
out挑选
find
out找出，发现
speak
out大声地说
turn
out生产，结果是
get
out出去，离开
carry
out实行，执行
work
out计算出，解决，实行，行得通
bring
out出版
start
out?出发，动身。
（2017·江苏卷·单项填空）Working
with
the
medical
team
in
Africa
has
____________
the
best
in
her
as
a
doctor.
A.
held
out
B.
brought
out
C.
picked
out
D.
given
out
【答案】B
【解析】考查短语辨析。hold
out坚持；提供机会；伸出手；
B.
bring
out使显现，阐明，出版；C.
pick
out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D.
give
out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了最好的一面。这里取＂使显现＂之意，故选B。
二、常见同根动词短语辨析
1.bring
bring
in引进，挣得
bring
about引起，导致
bring
up养育，培养，呕吐，提出
bring
out使展现，推出（书等）
bring
down降低，使倒下
bring
back把……带回来，使忆起
bring
forth结果，生产，产生
bring
forward提出，提前
bring
off圆满完成（困难之事）
2．break
break
down崩溃，瓦解，垮掉，失败，分解
break
up打碎，分解，分开，结束，制止
break
through逾越，突破，冲破
break
away（from）挣脱，脱离
break
out爆发
break
in破门而入
break
into进入建筑物以便行窃，突然发出，打扰
break
off折断，中断
3．come
come
about发生
come
out结果出来，出版，开花
come
across偶遇，被理解
come
true变为现实
come
up走上前，被提出，走近
come
along一起来
come
up
with产生，发现（解决办法等）
4．give
give
up放弃
give
in屈服，呈交
give
out?用尽，耗尽，分发，公布，发表
give
off发出
give
away颁发，赠送，送掉，捐赠
5．go
go
against违背，与……不符，对……不利
go
without勉强维持，凑合
go
in
for爱好，参加，从事
go
by过去，依据，按照
go
on继续，发生
go
over复习，仔细审查，走近
go
ahead
进行
go
through?从头到尾地阅读，经历
go
away走开，外出度假，消失
go
for去取来或接来，争取得到
6．keep
keep
away（from）使远离
keep
back?扣除，保留，隐瞒不讲
keep
off?避开
keep
on继续
keep
out?挡在外边，请勿靠近
keep
up保持，不低落，持续，继续
keep
up
with跟上
keep
down抑制（以防其增长）
7．look
look
ahead向前看
look
about环顾
look
back回忆，回顾
look
out当心，找出
look
up向上看，查阅，看望
look
down
upon看不起
look
through翻阅
look
into调查，向内看
look
after照看，负责处理
look
on旁观
look
forward
to盼望
look
round寻找，边走边看，观光
8．put
put
back放回原处，拨回，阻碍，推迟
put
down平定，镇压，记下
put
away将事物放置于惯常保存之处，储蓄
put
forward提出（计划、建议），拨快，提前
put
off延期
put
on穿戴，上映
put
out扑灭，生产
put
up举起，张贴
9．take
take
in吸收
take
for?误认为
take
out?拿出
take
down?放下
take
up从事，拿起，占据
take
off?飞机起飞，脱下，休假，成功
take
by攻占
take
after像
take
along?随身携带
take
away带走，拿走，使离去
take
back?收回，退回（所购商品）
take
charge?负责，掌管
take
on呈现，雇佣
take
out拿出，带……出去
take
over?接管，接任
（2020.天津卷.单项填空）Kate
heard
a
man’s
voice
in
the
background
,
but
she
couldn’t
_____
what
he
was
saying.
set
aside
B.
take
back
C.
make
out
D.
keep
off
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：凯特在背景中听到了一个男人的声音，但她不能听清他在说什么。
A:留出；
B：收回；
C：
弄清楚；
D:不接近。
2.（2018·江苏卷·单项填空）
Developing?the?Yangtze?River?Economic?Belt?is?a?systematic?project?which?_______
a
clear
road
map
and
timetable.
A.
calls?for
B.
calls?on
C.
calls?off
D.
calls?up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A.
calls
for需要；B.
calls
on号召；C.
calls
off取消；D.
calls
up使想起。故选A。
3.
The
general
manager
has
to
retire
due
to
his
illness.
Who
do
you
think
will
________the
business?
take
in
B.
take
up
C.
take
on
D.
take
over
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：总经理由于生病必须退休，你认为谁将接管这个公司?take
over
＂接管，接手＂，符合句意。take
in＂领会，欺骗＂；take
up＂继续，占据(一定的时间或空间)＂；take
on＂承担(责任)，呈现＂。
10．turn
turn
back折回，掉转头
turn
away转身，走开，打发走
turn
out结果是，赶出，生产，制造
turn
down?拒绝，调小
turn
off?关掉
turn
over翻过来，移交
turn
in上交（作业等），拐入
turn
into变成，翻译
turn
on打开，取决于
turn
to求助于，翻到
turn
up调大，出现
Tom
had
to______
the
invitation
to
the
party
last
weekend
because
he
was
too
busy.
A.
turn
in
B.
turn
down
C.
turn
over
D.
turn
to
【答案】B
【解析】句意：上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。turn
in
上交；
turn
down拒绝；
turn
over
移交；
turn
to求助。根据句意可知选B。
1.常见同一形容词与不同介词搭配时意义上的差别
常见形容词
搭配
意义
absent
(be)
absent
from
缺席
(be)
absent
in
不在这里而在……
afraid
(be)
afraid
of
担心……
(be)
afraid
for
为……而担心
angry
(be)
angry
with
sb.
对某人生气
(be)
angry
at/about
sth.
因某事而生气
anxious
(be)anxious
for
sth
急于想得到
(be)anxious
about
sth./sb.
对某事/某人担心
different
(be)
different
from
与……不同
(be)
different
to
不关心
familiar
(be)
familiar
with
精通，熟悉
(be)
familiar
to
为……熟知（悉）
good
(be)
good
at
擅长于
(be)
good
for
对……有益
(be)
good
to
对……友好/态度好
popular
(be)
popular
with
sb.
受……欢迎
(be)
popular
for
因……而流行
strict
(be)
strict
with
sb.
对某人要求严格
(be)
strict
in
sth.
对某事要求严格
2.
容易混淆的含有介词固定搭配的词组
类
型
举
例
差一冠词，大相径庭
in
front
of（在……前面)——in
the
front
of（在……前部）
in
charge
of（负责）——in
the
charge
of（由……负责）out
of
question（毫无疑问）——out
of
the
question（不可能）
at
table（在吃饭；在吃饭时）——at
the
table（在桌子旁边）
有无介词，意义不同
know
sb.认识某人——know
about
sb.了解某人
shoot
sb.击中某人——shoot
at
sb.向某人射击search
sb.搜身——search
for
sb.搜寻某人
believe
sb.相信某人的话——believe
in
sb.信任某人的人格benefit
sb.使某人受益——benefit
from
sb.从某人那里得到益处
画蛇添足，误加介词
serve
the
people为人民服务（容易在serve后加for）
enter
the
room进入房间（容易在enter后加into）follow
me跟在我后面（容易在follow后加behind）
marry
sb.与某人结婚（容易在marry后加with）go
abroad出国（容易在go后面加to）
live
upstairs住在楼上（容易在live后面加
in）
母语思维，误用介词
be
caught
in
the
rain被雨淋着（不用by）
leave
for
some
place动身去某地（不用to）set
an
example
to
sb.为某人树立榜样（不用for）
in
the
direction朝着……方向（不用to）do
a
favor
for
sb.帮某人一个忙（不用to）
different
from和……不同（不用with）with
the
help
of在……的帮助下（不用under）
steal
sth.
from
sb.偷某人的东西（不用of）read
sth.
to
sb.给（为）……读（念）……（不用for）
题组一
真题在线
1.（2020.天津卷）.
The
company
is
willing
to
______________
the
new
technology
if
it
can
be
shown
to
reduce
production
costs.
A.
look
over
B.
bring
in
C.
put
aside
D.
knock
out
【答案】B
【解析】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果能够证明新技术能降低生产成本，公司愿意引进。A.
look
over检查，察看；B.
bring?in引进；C.
put
aside把……放在一边，暂不考虑；D.
knock
out击倒，打破。根据“if
it
can
be
shown
to
reduce
production
costs.”可知，此处指公司引进新技术，故选B。
Modern
women
are
energetic,
ambitious,
and
most
of
all,
persistent
_________their
goal.
A.
in
pursuit
of
B.
in
return
for
C.
in
touch
with
D.
in
contrast
to
【答案】A
【解析】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：现代女性充满活力、有抱负，最重要的是坚持追求她们的目标。A.
in
pursuit
of追求；B.
in
return
for作为……回报；C.
in
touch
with保持联系；D.
in
contrast
to与……对比鲜明。根据句意可知，此处用in
pursuit
of“追求”符合语境，故选A项。
Don’t
be
late
for
the
9:00
meeting
because
I
am
__________
and
have
to
catch
the
11:00
train.
A.
on
a
limited
budget
B.
in
high
spirits
C.
on
a
tight
schedule
D.
in
deep
doubt
【答案】C
【解析】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：9点的会议不要迟到，因为我的时间很紧，必须赶11点的火车。A.
on
a
limited
budget预算有限；B.?in?high
spirits情绪高涨；C.
on
a
tight
schedule日程很紧；D.?in?deep
doubt深度怀疑。根据句意和“have
to
catch?the?11:00
train”可知是日程安排很紧，故选C。
4.For
my
fifth
birthday,
my
mother
baked
me
a
cake
______
a
monkey.
A.
in
the
shape
of
B.
beyond
the
reach
of
C.
at
the
mercy
of
D.
on
the
side
of
【答案】A
【解析】
考查介词短语辨析。句意:我五岁生日的时候，妈妈给我烤了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。A.
in
the
shape
of呈……形状；B.
beyond
the
reach
of超出……的能力之外C.
at
the
mercy
of
受……的支配；D.
on
the
side
of拥护……，站在……的一边。蛋糕是猴子“形状”的。故选A。
5.
We
can’t
______
buying
a
new
printer
for
our
company.
The
one
we
have
doesn’t
work.
A.
take
up
B.
carry
out
C.
keep
on
D.
put
off
【答案】D
【解析】
考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A.
take
up占据；
B.
carry
out实施；C.
keep
on
继续；D.
put
off推迟。根据“the
one
we
have
doesn’t
work”可知，我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以，我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不能“推迟”买打印机。故选D。
7.（2017·北京）Many
people
who
live
along
the
coast
make
a
living
_______
fishing
industry.
A.
at
B.
in
C.
on
D.
by
【答案】B
【解析】句意：许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in,不用by,因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生，此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里，在这个行业里谋生，用in，故选B。
8.（2017·江苏）Determining
where
we
are
____________
our
surroundings
remains
an
essential
skill
for
our
survival.
A.
in
contrast
to
B.
in
defense
of
C.
in
face
of
D.
in
relation
to
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词短语。A.
in
contrast
to对比，截然不同；B.
in
defense
of为……辩护；C.
in
face
of面对；D.
in
relation
to与……有关。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。
9.（2017·北京）When
you
drive
through
the
Redwood
Forests
in
California,
you
will
be
___________
trees
that
are
over
1,000
years
old.
A.
among
B.
against
C.
behind
D.
below
【答案】A
【解析】句意：当你开车穿过加利福尼亚的红木森林时，你将会穿梭于超过千年历史的树木之间。be
among
位于……之间；be
against
反对；be
behind
在……后面；be
below在……之下。根据句意，故选A。
10.（2017·新课标II卷·语法填空）It
ran
for
just
under
seven
kilometers
and
allowed
people
to
avoid
terrible
crowds(crowd)
on
the
roads
above
as
they
travelled
to
and
62
work.
【答案】
from
【解析】考查介词，to
and
from来回，故填from。
11.（2017·天津）We
offer
an
excellent
education
to
our
students.
___________,
we
expect
students
to
work
hard.
A.
On
average
B.
At
best
C.
In
return
D.
After
all
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我们给我们的学生们提供极好的教育，作为回报，我们期待我们的学生们努力学习。A.
平均起来，一般说来；B.
最多，充其量；C.
作为回报；D.
毕竟，终究。根据句意故选C。
12.（2017·天津·完形填空）…
My
goal
was
to
lose
150
pounds
in
one
year
and
raise
$50,000
25
a
movement
founded
30
years
ago
to
end
hunger.
A.
in
search
of
B.
in
need
of
C.
in
place
of
D.
in
support
of
【答案】D
【解析】根据上文raise
$50,000可知，此处表示＂为了支持三十年前为了结束饥饿而创办的一项活动＂。A.
为了寻找；B.
需要；C.
代替；D.
为了支持。故选D。
13.（2017·新课标I卷·语法填空）There
has
been
a
recent
trend
in
the
food
service
industry
toward
lower
fat
content
and
less
salt.
This
trend,
which
was
started
by
the
medical
community（医学界）
a
method
of
fighting
heart
disease,
has
had
some
unintended
side
(effects)
(effect)
such
as
overweight
and
heart
disease
—
the
very
thing
the
medical
community
was
trying
to
fight.
【答案】as
【解析】考查介词。句意：这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。as表示＂作为，以……身份＂，故填as。
14.（2017·新课标I卷·短文改错）It
was
a
relief
and
I
came
to
a
suddenly
stop
just
in
the
middle
on
the
road.
【解析】
第一处：suddenly改为sudden
考查形容词。句意：我来了个紧急刹车。suddenly是副词，表示＂意外地，忽然地＂。sudden为形容词，表示＂突然的；迅速的＂，修饰名词stop用形容词，故将suddenly改为sudden。a
sudden
stop表示＂急刹车＂。
第二处：on改为of
考查介词。分析语境可知此处表示＂在路中间急刹车＂，on
the
road表示＂在路上＂，the
middle
of
the
road表示＂路的中央＂，强调的是＂the
middle＂，故将on改为of。
15.（2017·新课标II卷·短文改错）They
have
also
bought
for
some
gardening
tools.
beside,
they
often
get
some
useful
information
from
the
internet.
【解析】
第一处：将for去掉：考查动词，bought是及物动词，后无需跟介词，故将for去掉。
第二处：beside改为besides：考查连接词，beside是介词，＂在……旁边＂，而这里需要一个连接词，故将beside改为besides。
16.（2016·天津卷·单项填空）The
dictionary
is
______:
many
words
have
been
added
to
the
language
since
it
was
published.
A.
out
of
control
B.
out
of
date
C.
out
of
sight
D.
out
of
reach
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这本字典过时了：自从它被出版，很多单词被增加到这种语言中。A.失去控制；B.过时的；C.看不见的；D.够不着的。故选B。
17.（2016·浙江卷·单项填空）The
study
suggests
that
the
cultures
we
grow
up
_______
influence
the
basic
processes
by
which
we
see
world
around
us.
A.
on
B.
in
C.
at
D.
about
【答案】B
【解析】句意：研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。The
cultures后面是定语从句，省略了that，定语从句中cultures作宾语，那么还缺少一个介词，和cultures搭配用介词in，故选B。
18.（2016·全国新课标卷II·语法填空）Most
of
us
are
more
focused
44
our
tasks
in
the
morning
than
we
are
later
in
the
day.
【答案】on
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。形容词短语be
focused
on意为＂集中于……＂。
19.（2016·浙江）That
young
man
is
honest
,
cooperative
,
always
there
when
you
need
his
help.______,
he’s
reliable.
A.
Or
else
B.
In
short
C.
By
the
way
D.
For
one
thing
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这个年轻人是诚实的，有合作精神的，当你需要他的帮助的时候，他总是在那里。简言之，他是可靠的。A.否则；B.简言之；C.顺便说一下；D.首先。故选B。
20.（2017·天津卷）Mr.
and
Mrs.
Brown
would
like
to
see
their
daughter
___________,
get
married,
and
have
kids.
A.
settled
down
B.
keep
off
C.
get
up
D.
cut
in
【答案】A
【解析】句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A.
安顿下来；B.
远离；C.起床；D.
插嘴。根据句意，故选A。
21.（2017·天津卷·完形填空）I
was
filled
with
the
fear
that
I
would
28
the
same
difficulties
that
beat
me
before.
A.
get
over
B.
run
into
C.
look
for
D.
put
aside
【答案】B
【解析】根据上文fear和下文the
same
difficulties
that
beat
me
before可知，我充满了恐惧，害怕遇到
以前打败我的同样的困难。A.
克服，战胜；B.
遇到；C.
寻找；D.
把……放到一边。故选B。
22.（2015·重庆）Last
year
was
the
warmest
year
on
record,
with
global
temperature
0.68
℃____
the
average.
A.
below
B.
on
C.
at
D.
above
【答案】D
【解析】句意：去年是有纪录以来最热的一年，全球平均气温上升0.68度。with
的宾语global
temperature
，宾语补足above
the
average。
题组二
名校模拟
Ⅰ.
单项填空
1.
You
have
to
stop
eating
meals
if
you
want
to
lose
weight.
A.among
B.within
C.between
D.from
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词。句意：如果想要减肥，你必须避免在两餐之间吃东西。由句意可知此处用between表示“二者之间”。
2．When
you
drive
through
the
Redwood
Forests
in
California,
you
will
be
trees
that
are
over
1,000
years
old.
A.among
B.against
C.behind
D.below
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：当你开车穿行于加利福尼亚州的红木森林时，你就会被有一千多年树龄的树木包围着。这里用介词among表示"在……中"，与前面的through
the
Redwood
Forests呼应。
3．As
we
all
know,
stories
of
love
and
adventure
were
popular
the
Middle
Ages.
A.via
B.throughout
C.to
D.under
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词。via通过；throughout贯穿，遍及；to向；under在……下面。句意：众所周知，爱和冒险的故事在整个中世纪都是很普遍的。故选B。
4．The
five
artists
are
remembered
by
people
their
contributions
that
laid
solid
foundations
for
the
Chinese
art
today.
A.on
account
of
B.with
regard
to
C.in
terms
of
D.in
reference
to
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：这五位艺术家之所以能被人们记住是因为他们的贡献为现如今的中国艺术打下了坚实的基础。on
account
of
"由于，因为"；with
regard
to
"至于，关于"；in
terms
of"就……而言"；in
reference
to
"关于"。故选A。
5．Her
eyes
were
filled
with
anger
when
she
found
the
house
was
—
milk
spilt
all
over
the
carpet.
A.in
rags
B.in
chaos
C.in
shape
D.in
danger
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：当她发现她的房子里一片狼藉的时候——地毯上到处都是牛奶——她的眼中充满了怒火。根据句意可知，in
chaos"一片狼藉"符合语境。in
rags"衣衫褴褛，穿得破旧"；in
shape"状况良好"；in
danger"处于危险中"。
6．Just
remember
that
you
can’t
visit
the
museum
now.
a
small
incident,
the
entrance
is
closed
temporarily.
A.Due
to
B.Instead
of
C.Regardless
of
D.According
to
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：只要记住，你现在不能参观博物馆，因为一个小事故，入口临时关闭了。根据句意可知，due
to
"因为，由于
"符合语境。instead
of
"代替，而不是
"；regardless
of
"不管，不顾
"；according
to
"根据
"。
7．The
divers
have
connected
two
underwater
caves
to
reveal
the
biggest
flooded
cave
on
the
planet,
a
discovery
likely
to
help
the
ancient
Maya
civilization.
A.cast
light
on
B.get
hold
of
C.catch
sight
of
D.lay
stress
on
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些潜水员把两个水下洞穴连起来，用来展现这个星球上最大的被洪水淹没的山洞，这是一个可能帮助人们了解古玛雅文明的发现。cast
light
on"使(问题等)较容易理解"；get
hold
of"抓住"；catch
sight
of"看见"；lay
stress
on"着重于，强调"。
8．Users
are
the
supercomputer
to
scan
the
Earth
for
oil,
create
artificial
nuclear
fusion(核聚变)
and
build
airplanes.
A.taking
charge
of
B.taking
advantage
of
C.keeping
away
from
D.looking
out
for
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:用户将可以利用这个超级电脑来扫描地球寻找石油,创造人工核聚变和制造飞机。take
charge
of"控制,掌管";take
advantage
of"利用";keep
away
from"不接近,远离";
look
out
for"小心"。故选B。
9．The
problem
with
people
who
are
overqualified
for
the
job
is
that
they
often
don’t
stay
in
it
for
long.
A.taking
over
B.taking
out
C.taking
on
D.taking
to
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语。句意:雇用资历过高的人做这个工作的问题在于他们往往不会在这个岗位上工作太长时间。根据句意可知,take
on
"雇用"符合语境。take
over
"接管";
take
out
"拿出,扣除"
;take
to"开始喜欢,对……产生好感"。
10．Copying
this
documents
the
whole
morning.
A.took
down
B.took
in
C.took
out
D.took
up
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：复制这些文件占用了整个上午。A.
took
down记下；B.
took
in欺骗；C.
took
out拿出；D.
took
up占据（时间/地方）。根据语境，故选D。
11．—Julia
failed
to
her
mid-term
exam.
—What
a
pity!
No
wonder
she
is
in
low
spirits.
A.get
over
B.get
through
C.get
across
D.get
round
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：——Julia未能通过期中考试。——真可惜！难怪她情绪低落。get
over表示“克服”；get
through表示“通过”；get
across表示“使被理解”；get
round表示“传开”。
12．Despite
the
importance
of
the
Asian
market,
the
company
does
little
to
change
design
to
Asian
tastes.
A.cater
to
B.take
to
C.admit
to
D.submit
to
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：尽管亚洲市场很重要,这个公司却很少会为迎合亚洲顾客的喜好而更改其设计。根据句意可知,cater
to"满足需要,迎合"符合语境。take
to"开始从事,喜欢上";admit
to"承认,坦白";submit
to"屈从于,投降,提交"。
13．The
accident
on
the
66th
Road
yesterday
is
assumed
to
have
been
caused
by
a
driver
who
was
trying
to
.
A.cut
in
B.flood
in
C.break
in
D.give
in
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语。句意:昨天发生在66号公路上的事故被认为是一位当时想要超车抢道的司机造成的。根据句意可知,cut
in"超车抢道"符合语境。flood
in"大量涌到,涌入";break
in"破门而入";give
in"屈服,投降"。
14．Thanks
to
his
strong
constitution,
Jack
was
able
to
his
recent
serious
illness.
A.
run
through
B.
cut
through
C.
pull
through
D.
put
through
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语。句意:多亏了他强健的体质,杰克才得以从最近这场重病中康复。pull
through"(大病、手术等后)康复,痊愈",符合语境。
run
through"浏览,跑着穿过";cut
through"穿透,抄近路穿过";put
through"接通,完成"。
15．The
most
impressive
and
pleasant
memory
in
my
childhood
was
that
all
my
family
members
in
the
tent
when
we
went
hiking.
A.
turned
up
B.
put
up
C.
woke
up
D.
set
up
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我童年时期里最令人难忘和最愉快的回忆是当我们去远足时,所有的家庭成员都在帐篷里过夜(的情景)。turn
up"出现";put
up"在某地投宿,过夜";wake
up"睡醒";set
up"建立,设立"。
Ⅱ.
单句改错
1.
I
lent
to
her
some
money
in
order
that
she
could
go
for
a
holiday.
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】去掉to
【解析】句意：我借给她一些钱，以便她能去度假。动词lend后可接双宾语，所以to多余。
2.
Joe
wasted
a
lot
time
before
he
got
down
to
work.
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】在time
前加of
【解析】句意：乔在开始工作前浪费了不少时间。a
lot
of为固定用法，意为＂许多＂，后接可数名词复数形式或不可数名词。注意：a
lot为副词短语，表程度。
3.
The
biggest
problem
was
in
that
almost
all
communication
systems
were
destroyed.
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】去掉in
【解析】句意：最大的难题是，几乎所有的通讯系统都被破坏了。根据语境及句子结构可知，句中用that引导表语从句。
4.
Only
a
few
months
ago,
this
area
suffered
by
the
worst
drought
in
a
century.
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】by
→
from
【解析】句意：仅在几个月前，这个地区遭受了一次本世纪以来最为严重的旱灾。suffer
from为固定用法，意为＂忍受，遭受＂。
5.
It
was
very
kind
for
them
to
invite
me
to
visit
their
country.
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】for
→
of
【解析】句意：他们很好，邀请我访问他们的国家。＂
It’s
kind
of
sb
to
do
sth＂为固定句型。注意：在＂It
is/was
+
adj.
+of/for
sb
to
do＂句型中，当形容词为easy，hard，difficult，possible，important，necessary等时用介词for，而当形容词为描述人的品德及特征的kind，polite，nice，wise，clever，silly，foolish等时用介词of。
6.
Appreciate
and
honor
what
you
have
instead
focusing
on
what
you
do
not.
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】在instead后加of
【解析】句意：感激并且尊重你所拥有的，而不是将注意力放在你没有的东西上。instead
of
为复合介词，意为＂而不是＂。
7.
The
boy
wanted
to
join
in
the
army
but
was
turned
down
because
he
was
under
age.
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】去掉
in
【解析】句意：这个男孩想参军，但因为年纪小被拒绝了。join表示＂参加，加入(某个组织)＂时，
后面不加介词in；表示＂参加(某项活动)＂时，才加
in。
8.
I
just
couldn’t
laugh
to
his
jokes
the
way
I
used
to.
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】第一个to
→
at
【解析】句意：我就是不能像以前那样因他讲的笑话而发笑。laugh
at为固定搭配，意为＂嘲笑，因……而发笑＂。
Ⅲ.
语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
One
of
the
purposes
of
children's
slang(俚语)? 1 (be)
to
stop
adults
from
being
able
to
understand
what
they’re
saying.
Obviously,
the
strategy
works.
Recent
research
shows
that? 2 majority
of
adults
can’t
translate
the
meaning
of
common
slang.
In
a
survey
of
4,5000
people
last
month,? 3 was
found
that
85
percent
of
adults
didn’t
understand
the
translations
of
emoji(表情符号)and
text.
The
researchers
warned
that
a
lack
of? 4 (aware)
of
what
children
are
communicating
online
can
leave
them
unprotected,
with
phrases
that
express
eating
disorders
and
unhappiness
not
5 (understand).
For
young
people
growing
up
with
technology,
this
new
language
comes? 6 (natural),
but
it’s
leaving
some
adults
unsure
about? 7 is
being
said
by
their
children
online.
It’s
important
for
adults
to
speak
to
young
people
about
how
they
use
social
media
and
chat
online.
Caroline
Bunting,
general
manager
at
Internet
matters,
said
“While
it
is
unrealistic
to
expect
parents
8 (know)
every
piece
of
Internet
slang
their
children
will
ever
see,
online
safety
starts? 9 a
conversation.
It’s
vital
for
parents
to
talk
to
their
kids
about
their
digital
worlds,
including
all? 10 (sort)
of
things
they
might
experience
online
and
the
types
of
problems
to
be
aware
of.”
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现大多数的成年人不明白儿童俚语表达的意义。
1．is【解析】考查主谓一致。主语是One，be动词用单数，而且讲述的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时。
2．the/a【解析】考查冠词。the/a
majority
of是固定搭配，表示“大多数的”。
3．it【解析】考查代词。It
is
found
that是固定句型，表示“据发现”。
4．awareness【解析】考查名词。由句子结构可知此处需要用名词作a
lack
of的宾语。
5．understood【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处为with的复合结构，phrases与understand之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词表示被动。
6．naturally【解析】考查副词。修饰动词comes用副词。
7．what【解析】考查宾语从句。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故填what。
8．to
know【解析】考查非谓语动词。expect
sb
to
do表示“希望某人做某事”。
9．with【解析】考查介词。start
with表示“从……开始”。
10．sorts【解析】考查名词。all
sorts
of表示“各种各样的”。
针对训练
Ⅰ.根据句意用合适的介词或连词填空
1．(2014·北京高考)Some
animals
carry
seeds
from
one
place
to
another，
plants
can
spread
to
new
places.
【答案】 so
2．(2014·北京高考)Jane
is
in
a
hurry
because
the
train
to
the
airport
leaves
half
an
hour.
【答案】 in
3．(2014·大纲全国卷)September
30
is
the
day
which
you
must
pay
your
bill.
【答案】 by
4．(2014·江西高考)It
is
unbelievable
that
Mr.Lucas
leads
a
simple
life
his
great
wealth.
【答案】 despite
5．(2014·重庆高考)She
drove
so
fast
at
the
turn
that
the
car
almost
went
the
road.
【答案】
off
6．(2014·浙江高考)People
won't
pay
attention
to
you
when
they
still
have
a
lot
of
ideas
of
their
own
crying
expression.
【答案】 for
7．(2014·陕西高考)The
Scottish
girl
blue
eyes
won
the
first
prize
in
the
Fifth
Chinese
Speech
Contest.
【答案】 with
8．(2014·山东高考)
I
don't
really
like
the
author，
I
have
to
admit
his
books
are
very
exciting.
【答案】 although
/
though
9．(2013·大纲全国卷)I
was
glad
to
meet
Jenny
again，
I
didn't
want
to
spend
all
day
with
her.
【答案】 but
10．(2013·四川高考)Read
this
story，
you
will
realize
that
not
everything
can
be
bought
with
money.
【答案】 and
Ⅱ.选词填空
in
store；on
the
other
hand；in
return；rather
than；except
for；in
response
to；as
a
matter
of
fact；in
shape；in
addition
to
1．(2014·安徽高考)What
we
expect
from
you
is
working
hard
hardly
working.
【答案】 rather
than
2．(2014·福建高考)Our
club
is
open
to
everyone
age，sex
or
educational
background.
【答案】 except
for
3．(2014·江苏高考)Tom
always
goes
jogging
in
the
morning
and
he
usually
does
push?ups
too
to
stay
.
【答案】 in
shape
4．(2014·湖北高考)Check
carrots，potatoes，onions
and
any
other
vegetables
and
immediately
use
or
throw
away
any
which
show
signs
of
rotting.
【答案】 in
store
5．(2014·江西高考)Starting
your
own
business
could
be
a
way
to
achieving
financial
independence.
，it
could
just
put
you
in
debt.
【答案】 On
the
other
hand
6．(2014·天津高考)
the
school，the
village
has
a
clinic，which
was
also
built
with
government
support.
【答案】 In
addition
to
7．(2014·浙江高考)While
staying
in
the
village，James
unselfishly
shared
whatever
he
had
with
the
villagers
without
asking
for
anything
.
【答案】 in
return
8．(2014·浙江高考)Facing
up
to
your
problems
running
away
from
them
is
the
best
approach
to
working
things
out.
【答案】 rather
than
9．(2014·浙江高考)There's
no
reason
to
be
disappointed.
，this
could
be
rather
amusing.
【答案】 As
a
matter
of
fact
10．(2014·浙江五校一联)The
company
has
changed
some
of
its
working
practices
complaints
and
criticism
from
the
customers.
【答案】 in
response
to
Ⅲ.语篇填空
用适当的介词填空
Father's
Day
occurs
on
the
3rd
Sunday
in
June.The
idea
for
creating
a
day
1.
children
to
honor
their
fathers
began
in
Spokane，Washington.A
woman
2.
the
name
of
Sonora
Smart
Dodd
thought
3.
the
idea
for
Father's
Day
while
listening
to
a
Mother's
Day
sermon
4.
1909.
Having
been
raised
5.
her
father，Henry
Jackson
Smart，after
her
mother
died，Sonora
wanted
her
father
to
know
how
special
he
was
6.
her.It
was
her
father
that
made
all
the
parental
sacrifices
and
was，7.
the
eyes
of
his
daughter，a
courageous，selfless，and
loving
man.Sonora's
father
was
born
in
June，so
she
chose
to
hold
the
first
Father's
Day
celebration
8.
Spokane，Washington
9.
the
19th
of
June,1910.
In
1924
President
Calvin
Coolidge
announced
the
third
Sunday
in
June
10.
Father's
Day.Roses
are
the
flowers
for
Father's
Day.
【答案】 1.for 2.with 3.of 4.in 5.by 6.to 7.in 8.in
9.on 10.as
综合演练
语法填空
用适当的词完成下列短文
It
may
help
you
to
know
that
there
is
no
such
thing
as
a
perfect
speech.1.
some
point
in
every
speech，every
speaker
says
something
that
is
not
understood
exactly
as
he
has
planned.Fortunately，the
moments
are
usually
not
obvious
2.
the
listeners.Why？Because
the
listeners
do
not
know
what
the
speaker
plans
to
say.
They
hear
only
what
the
speaker
does
say.If
you
lose
your
place
3.
a
moment，wrongly
change
the
order
of
a
couple
4.
sentences，5.
forget
to
pause
at
a
certain
point，no
one
will
be
any
the
wiser.When
such
moments
occur，don't
worry
about
them.Just
continue
as
if
nothing
happened.
Even
if
you
do
make
an
obvious
mistake
6.
a
speech，that
doesn't
really
matter.In
fact，the
listeners
are
not
looking
7.
a
perfect
performer.They
are
looking
for
a
well
thought
out
speech
that
expresses
the
speaker's
ideas
clearly
8.
directly.As
you
work
9.
your
speech，don't
worry
about
being
imperfect.Once
you
free
your
mind
10.
this，you
will
find
it
much
easier
to
give
your
speech
freely.
【答案】 1.At 2.to 3.for 4.of 5.or 6.during
7．for 8.and 9.on 10.of
考向2
介词短语
考向3
动词短语
难点剖析
检测训练
