2021届高考二轮英语考点透析学案：解密06 动词的时态和语态 (学生版+教师版)

解密06动词的时态和语态
【命题趋势】
1.
语法填空以时态的考查为主，语态的考查为辅。
2.
在语法填空中侧重考查一般时，进行时及完成时。
3.
动词的时态和语态是高考中出现频率最高的语法项目。考题创设的语境比较明确，通常是根据所设置的语境中的信息判断时态以及主谓语之间的主谓或动宾关系。
【名师指导】
1.
了解并能正确运用常考的11种时态；
2.
熟练运用现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般过去时等高考高频时态；
3.
掌握几种易混时态的区别，如现在完成时和一般过去时等。
动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)
现在时
过去时
将来时
过去将来时
一般时
do
/
does
did
shall/will
do
should/would
do
进行时
am/is/are
doing
was/were
doing
shall/will
be
doing[]
should/would
be
doing
完成时
have/has
did
had
did
shall/will
have
did
should/would
have
did
完成进行时
have/has
been
doing
had
been
doing
shall/will
have
been
doing
should/would
have
been
doing[]
一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。
一、一般现在时
1.
一般现在时的构成
一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s或-es。
?They
want
good
jobs.他们想要好的工作。
?The
coat
matches
the
dress.外衣和裙子很相配。
?This
work
does
not
satisfy
me.这项工作我不满意。
?Do
you
understand?你懂了吗?
2.
一般现在时的用法
①一般现在时的基本用法
a.
表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态
?He
always
takes
a
walk
after
supper.晚饭后他总是散散步。
?Everyone
is
in
high
spirits
now.现在大家都情绪高涨。
b.
表示客观事实或普遍真理
?The
sun
rises
in
the
east
and
sets
in
the
west.太阳从东方升起在西方落下。
?Sound
travels
faster
through
water
than
it
does
through
air.
声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。
?Time
and
tide
wait
for
no
man.时间不等人。
c.
表示主语的特征、能力和状态
?This
cloth
feels
soft.这布摸上去很软。
?I
love
classical
music.我喜欢古典音乐。
?The
President
still
seems
able
to
find
time
to
go
fishing.
看来总统仍能有时间去钓鱼。
d.
表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作
?The
meeting
begins
at
7:00.会议七点钟开始。
?We
leave
here
at
8:00
sharp.我们八点整离开这里。
e.
在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作
?When
you
come
next
time,
bring
me
some
magazines.
你下次来时，给我带几本杂志。
?If
time
allows,
we
shall
go
there
tomorrow.
如果时间允许的话，我们明天去那里。
?Whether
he
agrees
or
not,
I
will
stay
at
home.
不管他同意与否，我都会待在家里。
②一般现在时的特殊用法
a.
用于新闻标题或图片说明中
?China
Declares
Manned
Spaceflight
Successful中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功
?Laura
Bush
Arrives
in
Moscow劳拉·布什抵达莫斯科
b.
用于体育运动、表演等实况报道中
?Francis
slips
past,
passes
the
ball
to
Yao
Ming,
who
jumps,
catches
and
shoots
it
into
the
basket.
弗朗西斯穿过去，把球传给姚明，姚明跳起来，接住球投进篮里。
?Now,
look,
I
press
the
button
and
turn
on
the
machine.
现在，看，我按下按扭，打开了这台机器。
c.
表示告诫或劝说
?You
mind
your
own
business.你不要管闲事！
?If
he
does
that
again,
he
goes
to
prison.如果他再那样的话，他就会进监狱的。
d.
表示现在瞬间的动作
?Here
comes
the
bus.汽车来了。
?There
goes
the
bell.铃响了。
2.
一般过去时
①一般过去时的基本用法
a.
表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态
?He
suddenly
fell
ill
yesterday.昨天他突然生病了。
?The
engine
stopped
because
the
fuel
was
used
up.
发动机因燃料用光而停机了。
注意：
在一般过去时的句子中，通常都要有表示过去的时间状语。
【误】I
visited
the
Palace
Museum.（在没有上下文的情况下，应避免这样说）
【正】I
visited
the
Palace
Museum
last
year.
去年我参观过故宫博物院。
【正】I
have
visited
the
Palace
Museum.
我参观过故宫博物院。
b.
表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态
?I
wrote
home
once
a
week
at
college.我上大学时每周给家里写一封信。
?He
was
already
in
the
habit
of
reading
widely
in
his
boyhood.
他童年时就养成了广泛阅读的习惯。
表示过去的习惯性动作，除了用过去式外，还可以用used
to或would来表示。
?She
used
to
study
late
into
the
night
when
she
was
in
Senior
Three.
她上高三时经常学习到深夜。
?He
would
sit
for
hours
doing
nothing.
过去他常常一坐几个钟头什么事也不做。
c.
表示过去连续发生的一系列动作
?She
entered
the
room,
picked
up
a
magazine
and
looked
through
it
carefully.
她走进房间，拿起一本杂志，认真地翻阅了起来。
?The
students
got
up
early
in
the
morning,
did
morning
exercises
and
then
read
English
aloud
in
the
open
air.
学生们很早起床，做早操，然后在室外朗读英语。
②一般过去时的特殊用法
a.
在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态
?It's
time
we
went.是我们该走的时候了。
?I
wish
I
were
twenty
years
younger.但愿我年轻20岁。
?I
would
rather
you
didn't
do
anything
for
the
time
being.我宁愿你暂时先不要采取什么措施。
b.
在口语中，一般过去时往往显示委婉客气。
?I
wondered
if
you
could
give
me
a
hand.我想请你帮个忙。
?Might
I
come
and
see
you
tonight?我想今晚来看你，好吗？
3．一般现在时和一般过去时的比较
一般现在时要和现在时间相联系，而一般过去时和说话的“现在”不相联系。
?His
father
is
a
film
director.他父亲是电影导演。（他现在还是）
?His
father
was
a
film
director.他父亲曾是电影导演。（他现在不是）
?How
do
you
like
the
novel?你觉得这部小说怎么样？（还在看小说）
?How
did
you
like
the
novel?你觉得这部小说怎么样？（已看完小说）
三、一般将来时
1.
一般将来时的用法
①表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态
?I
shall
be
free
this
afternoon.我今天下午有空。
?There'll
be
no
chemistry
classes
tomorrow.明天没有化学课。
?They
will
probably
go
to
Shanghai
for
their
holiday.他们可能去上海度假。
注意：
在口语中，常用will
/
shall
+
be
doing结构来代替will
/
shall
+
动词原形，以表示生动。
?I'll
be
seeing
a
friend
off
at
the
airport.我要去机场给一个朋友送行。
?He'll
be
going
with
us
tomorrow.他明天和我们一起去。
②表示将要反复发生的动作
?My
uncle
will
come
to
see
me
every
Saturday.我叔叔每个星期六都会来看我。
?The
students
will
have
five
English
classes
per
week
this
term.本学期学生们每周要上五节英语课。
③表示同意或答应做某事
?That
bag
looks
heavy.
I'll
help
you
with
it.这个包看起来很重，我来帮你提。
?I
won't
tell
anyone
what
happened,
I
promise.我保证不告诉别人所发生的事。
2.
一般将来时的常用结构
①用于“I
expect,
I'm
sure,
I
think,
I
wonder
+
宾语从句”中
?Don't
worry
about
the
exam.
I'm
sure
you'll
pass.
不要担心这次考试，我确信你会通过的。
?I
wonder
what
will
happen.我不知道将会发生什么事。
②用于“祈使句
+
and
+
陈述句”中
?Work
hard
and
you
will
succeed.如果你努力，就会成功的。
?Go
at
once
and
you
will
see
her.马上去，你就会见到她了。
③与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用
?I'll
let
you
know
as
soon
as
he
arrives.他一到我就通知你。
?If
you
ask
him,
he
will
help
you.如果你请他，他会帮助你的。
?We
shall
go
unless
it
rains.除非下雨，否则我们是要去的。
3.
将来时间的其他表达法
①be
going
to
+
动词原形
?I'm
going
to
buy
a
new
coat
this
winter.今年冬天我打算买一件新大衣。
?Look
at
those
black
clouds.
It
is
going
to
rain.
瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。
?The
car
is
going
to
turn
over.汽车要翻了！
比较：
“be
going
to
+
动词原形”与“will
/
shall
+
动词原形”的区别
a.
be
going
to通常表示很快就要发生的事，而will/shall既可表示不久的将来，也可表示长远的将来或不确定的将来。
?She
is
going
to
get
better.
她的病要好了。（有恢复健康的迹象）
?She
will
get
better.
她的病会好的。（认为最终会恢复健康的）
b.
will表示将来，通常是指事先无计划的意图，是临时决定的；
be
going
to则表示事先有计划的意图，是经过考虑的。
?—
George
phoned
while
you
were
out.你外出的时候乔治打电话来的。
—
Ok.
I'll
phone
him
back.好的，我给他回电话。（临时决定）
?—
Matthew
phoned
while
you
were
out.你外出的时候马修打电话来了。
—Yes,
I
know.
I'm
going
to
phone
him
back.是的，我知道了。我准备给他回电话。（早有安排）
c.
表示有迹象显示将要发生某一动作时，要用be
going
to，不用will或shall。
?I
feel
terrible.
I
think
I'm
going
to
be
sick.
我觉得不舒服，我想我要生病了。
d.
be
going
to
可用于条件句，表示将来时间，will则不能。
?If
you
are
going
to
attend
the
meeting,
you'd
better
leave
now.
如果你要出席会议，你最好现在就动身。
②be
+
动词的-ing形式
“be
+
动词的-ing形式”表示根据现在的计划或安排，预期将会发生某事，这种安排不容随意改变。在这一结构中，动词-ing形式通常是表示位置转移的动词，如arrive,
come,
go,
leave,
move,
start,
stay,
get
以及eat,
meet,
see
off,
die等，并与表示将来的时间状语连用。如果没有时间状语，则所表示的动作有即将发生之意。
?He
is
leaving
for
Xinjiang
in
a
few
days.
他几天后要动身去x疆。
?I
am
dining
out
tonight.今晚我将出去吃饭。
?The
plane
is
taking
off
soon.
飞机马上就要起飞了。
?The
old
man
is
dying.
那位老人快要死了。
比较：
“be
+
动词的-ing形式”和“be
going
to
+
动词原形”的异同
a.
表示按计划发生的动作时，两者可互换。
?We
are
moving
to
a
new
flat
tomorrow.
我们明天就要搬到新房子里去了。
?We
are
going
to
move
to
a
new
flat
tomorrow.
我们明天就要搬到新房子里去了。
b.
表示由于客观因素而产生的将来动作或状态时，用be
going
to结构，不用be
+
动词的-ing形式。
?You
are
going
to
fall
if
you
climb
that
tree.
如果你爬树的话，你会摔下来的。（不可说
You
are
falling
if
...）
?Be
careful.
You
are
going
to
break
that
chair.
当心！你会把那张椅子弄坏的。（不可说
You
are
breaking
that
chair）
③
be
+
动词不定式
这一结构中的be，只有现在式
(am,
is,
are)
和过去式
(was,
were)
两种形式。
a.
表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作
?The
highway
is
to
be
open
to
traffic
in
May.这条公路将在五月份通车。
?Am
I
to
take
over
his
work?我是不是要接管他的工作？
b.
用于条件句中强调按计划或安排将要发生的动作
?If
we
are
to
take
the
5:00
train,
we
must
leave
now.
如果我们乘坐5点的火车的话，那我们现在就得出发。
c.
表示命令或吩咐等。否定形式常表示“禁止”或“不许”。
?You
are
to
be
back
before
10
p.m..你必须在10点前回来。
?You
are
not
to
go
out
alone
at
night.晚上你不能单独出去。
比较：
“be
+
动词不定式”与“be
going
to+
动词原形”的区别
a.
“be
going
to+
动词原形”侧重说话人个人的意图和打算，“be
+
动词不定式”侧重受别人的指示或安排要做的事。
?I'm
going
to
try
my
best
to
write
this
article
well.
我将尽力把这篇文章写好。
?Am
I
to
wait
here
till
their
arrival?我要在这儿一直等到他们抵达吗？
b.
表示由于客观因素或不受人控制的将要发生的动作时，只用“be
going
to+
动词原形”，不用“be
+
动词
不定式”。
?It's
going
to
rain.天要下雨了。（不说It's
to
rain.）
?Rachel
is
going
to
faint.雷切尔要晕倒了。
四、一般过去将来时
一般过去将来时的用法
一般过去将来时间的出发点是过去，即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作和状态。
a.
一般过去将来时常用于间接引语中
?He
said
they
would
arrange
a
party.他说他们将安排一个晚会。
?I
asked
if
he
would
come
and
fix
my
TV
set.
我问他是否来帮我修电视机。
b.
一般过去将来时可用来表示非真实的动作或状态
?If
I
had
a
chance
to
study
abroad,
I
would
study
at
Cambridge
University.
如果我有机会出国学习的话，我就会去剑桥大学。
?I
wish
he
would
go
with
me
to
the
cinema
tonight.
今晚他能和我一起去看电影就好了。
1.（2020·江苏卷·单项填空）
If
you
look
at
all
sides
of
the
situation,
you’ll
find
probably
a
solution
that
______
everyone.
A.
suit
B.
suited
C.
suits
D.
has
suited
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是a
solution，从句谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故选C。
2.
（2018·新课标卷I·语法填空）While
running
regularly
can’t
make
you
live
forever,
the
review
says
it
64
(be)
more
effective
at
lengthening
life
65（than）
walking,
cycling
or
swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。
3.
（2017·新课标卷II·短文改错）When
summer
came,
they
will
invite
their
students
pick
the
vegetables！
【答案】将came改为comes
【解析】考查时态。主句是是一般将来时，且本文全篇为一般现在时，故将came改为comes。
【巧学妙记】
一般现在时用法口诀用好一般现在时，时间状语需牢记。基本用法要记清，动作习惯经常性。客观真理和能力，有时还表将来时。谓语若为行为动，形式还要主语定。主语人称是三单，动词要把-s/-es添。句中若把助动用，谓语动词用原形。
4.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）A
few
months
after
he
had
arrived
in
China,
Mr.
Smith
___________
in
love
with
the
people
and
culture
there.
A.
would
fall
B.
had
fallen
C.
has
fallen
D.
fell
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had
arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。
【答案】D
5.（2018·北京卷·单项填空）
—Hi,
I’m
Peter.
Are
you
new
here?
I
haven’t
seen
you
around?
—Hello,
Peter.
I’m
Bob.
I
just
_________
on
Monday.
A.
start
B.
have
started
C.
started
D.
had
started
【解析】考查时态。句意：——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。——你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。
【答案】C
6.（2018·新课标I卷·单项填空）During
my
last
winter
holiday,
I
went
to
（加the）countryside
with
my
father
to
visit
my
grandparents.
I
find
a
big
change
there.
【答案】find改成found　
【解析】考查动词时态。根据文章中的During
my
last
winter
holiday可知，事件发生在过去，故用一个过去时。故将find改成found。
【巧学妙记】
一般过去时用法口诀动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事。句中动词用过去式，过去时间作标记。否定句，很简单，谓语动词前didn’t添。疑问构成也有法，主语前面Did加。还有一点不能忘，后面动词要还原。
7.（2017·新课标卷I·短文改错）Before
getting
into
the
car,
I
thought
I
had
learned
the
instructor’s
orders,
so（改为but/yet）
once
I
started
the
car,
my
mind
goes
blank,
I
forgot
what
he
had
said
to
me
altogether.
【答案】goes改为went
【解析】考查时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时，故将goes改为went。
进行时表示动作正在进行，这个动作是暂时的，也是未完成的。进行时包括现在进行时、过去进行时和将来进行时。
一、现在进行时
1.
现在进行时的用法
①现在进行时的基本用法
a.
表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作
通常由表示“此刻”的时间状语（now,
at
this
moment），或通过Look/Listen!这两个提示语来表明此时此刻动作正在进行。
?She
is
making
a
fire
now.她正在生火。
?Listen!
Mary
is
singing
an
English
song
in
the
classroom.听！玛丽正在教室里唱英文歌。
b.表示现在时间段中正在进行的动作
?They
are
planting
trees
on
the
hill
these
days.这几天他们正在山上种树。
?I
don't
really
work
here;
I
am
just
helping
out
until
the
new
secretary
arrives.
我并不在这儿工作，我只是在新秘书来之前帮帮忙罢了。
c.
表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作
能这样用的动词并不多，通常是arrive,
begin,
come,
do,
drive,
fly,
go,
leave,
stay
等表示位置转移的动词。这种用法比较生动，给人以一种期待感。
?Jane
and
Betty
are
going
on
holiday
in
a
few
days.几天后简和贝蒂将出去度假。
?Where
are
you
staying
in
Guangzhou?你到广州后准备住在哪里？
②现在进行时的特殊用法
a.表示一种重复的动作，带有“厌恶”、“赞叹”等感彩
现在进行时往往与constantly,
always,
forever等状语连用，给现在的动作披上一层感彩。
?She's
constantly
complaining.她不停地抱怨。
?My
brother
is
always
leaving
things
about.我弟弟总是乱丢东西。
?He
is
forever
thinking
of
doing
more
for
the
students.他总是想着为学生多做些事情。
b.
表示某一具体动作或心理状态的发展过程
?The
house
is
falling
down.房子正在倒下。
?The
weather
is
changing
for
the
better.天气慢慢转好了
c.
强调动作的重复
?The
train
is
arriving
late
almost
every
day
this
summer.
这个夏季火车几乎天天晚点。
?Someone
is
knocking
at
the
door.有人不断地在敲门。
?The
boy
is
jumping
with
joy.那男孩高兴地跳个不停。
2．不用进行时态的动词
①表示状态的动词
这类动词有seem,
look,
appear,
have,
belong
to,
own,
hold等。
?This
backpack
belongs
to
me.这背包是我的。
?He
seems
rather
angry
with
you.看起来他很生你的气。
②表示知道、信念、理解、推测、怀疑、希望等含义的动词
这类动词有know,
remember,
understand,
see,
think,
believe,
suppose,
hope,
doubt等。
?I
don't
think
he
will
come
tomorrow.我想他明天不会来。
?I
still
remember
the
days
when
we
studied
together.
我还记得我们一起学习的那些日子。
提示：
有时这些动词的进行时态可表示心理状态的缓慢发展过程。
?She's
understanding
you
better
now.她越来越了解你了。
③表示要求、心愿等意义的动词
这类动词有want,
wish,
need,
desire等。
?Your
clothes
need
washing.你的衣服需要洗了。
?How
I
wish
I
were
a
bird！我多希望我是一只鸟啊！
④表示继续或持续含义的动词
这类动词有continue,
keep,
last,
go
on等。
?She
still
continues
in
poor
health.她仍然身体很差。
?Every
day
after
finishing
his
homework,
he
goes
on
to
do
some
reading.
他每天做完作业后，都会继续看会儿书。
⑤表示感觉的动词
这类动词有see,
hear,
smell,
taste,
feel等。
?The
apples
taste
good.这些苹果尝起来不错。
?This
flower
smells
nice.这花闻上去很香。
?Your
suggestion
sounds
reasonable.你的建议听上去有道理。
注意：
如果这些动词表示一种有意识的行为，则可用进行时态。
?She
is
tasting
the
apple.她正在尝苹果。
?The
dog
is
smelling
the
footprints.狗正在嗅脚印。
?The
bell
is
sounding
for
dinner.晚饭铃响了。
【易混辨析】
现在进行时和一般现在时的比较
a.
暂时性动作和经常性动作
?The
computer
is
working
perfectly.计算机运转得很好。（暂时）
?The
computer
works
perfectly.计算机运转很好。（一直如此）
b.
持续性动作和短暂性动作
?The
bus
is
stopping.车停了下来。（渐渐地）
?The
bus
stops.
车停了。（迅速）
c.
暂时性动作和永久性动作
?She
is
living
in
the
country.她现在住在农村。（暂时）
?She
lives
in
the
country.她住在农村。（永久）
d.
有感彩和没有感彩
?He
is
doing
well
at
school.他在学校表现很好。（赞扬）
?He
does
well
at
school.他在学校表现很好。（一般事实）
二、过去进行时
过去进行时的基本用法
a.表示在过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或该动作与过去的另一动作同时发生
?I
was
having
supper
at
7:00
yesterday
evening.
昨天晚上7点我正在吃晚饭。
?She
was
playing
the
piano
while
I
was
reading
the
newspaper.
她弹钢琴时我在看报。
提示：
当句子意思很清楚时，我们也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时。
?We
listened
closely
while
the
teacher
read
the
text.
老师读课文时，我们都仔细地听着。
b.表示过去一段时间内正在进行的动作
?We
were
talking
about
you
the
whole
morning.
我们整个上午都在说你。
?He
was
watching
TV
at
home
from
3:00
to
5:00
yesterday
afternoon.
昨天下午从3点到5点他一直在看电视。
c.
表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事
?He
told
me
that
he
was
going
soon.
他告诉我他很快就要走了。
?She
said
she
was
leaving
for
New
York
the
next
month.
她说她下个月动身去纽约。
【易混辨析】
过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
①一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。
?She
wrote
a
letter
to
her
friend
last
night.
她昨晚给朋友写了封信。（信写完了）
?She
was
writing
a
letter
to
her
friend
last
night.
她昨晚一直在给朋友写信。（信不一定写完）
②一般过去时表示只做一次动作，而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。
?She
waved
to
me.她朝我挥了挥手。
?She
was
waving
to
me.她不断地朝我挥手。
?The
boy
jumped
up
and
down.这男孩跳了一下。
?The
boy
was
jumping
up
and
down.这男孩不停地跳着。
三、将来进行时
1.
将来进行时的基本用法
a.
表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作
?I'll
be
taking
my
holiday
soon.我不久就去度假了。
?They
will
be
meeting
us
at
the
station.他们会在车站接我们的。
b.
在口语中代替will/shall
do
?I
hope
you
will
be
coming
on
time.
我希望你按时来。
?I'll
be
seeing
Mr.
Smith
tomorrow.我明天将见到史密斯先生。
?The
minister
will
be
giving
a
speech
on
international
affairs.
部长将就国际事务发表演讲。
2.
将来进行时的特殊用法
a.
表示原因、结果或猜测
?Please
come
tomorrow
afternoon.
Tomorrow
morning
I'll
be
having
a
meeting.
请你明天下午来吧。我明天上午有个会。（表原因）
?Stop
the
child
or
he
will
be
falling
over.
抓住那个孩子，要不他会掉下去的。（表结果）
?You
will
be
making
a
mistake.你会出错的。（表推测）
b.
用在问句中，表示委婉礼貌
?Will
you
be
reading
anything
else?
你还要看点儿什么吗？
?When
shall
we
be
meeting
again?
我们什么时候再见面？
c.
表示稍后一点儿的安排
?The
students
aer
studying
Unit
3
this
week,
and
next
week
we'll
be
studying
Unit
4.
这星期我们学第三单元，下周我们将学第四单元。
?My
duties
will
end
in
July
and
I
will
be
returning
to
Shanghai.
我的任务在7月结束，之后我会回上海。
1.
(2018·天津卷·单项填空)My
washing
machine
___________this
week,
so
I
have
to
wash
my
clothes
by
hand.
A.
was
repaired
B.
is
repaired
C.
is
being
repaired
D.
has
been
repaired
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so
I
have
to
wash
my
clothes
by
hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。
2.（2018·北京卷·单项填空）Susan
had
quit
her
well-paid
job
and
_________
as
a
volunteer
in
the
neighborhood
when
I
visited
her
last
year.
A.
is
working
B.
was
working
C.
has
worked
D.
had
worked
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：Susan已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做志愿者。Susan辞职发生在她当志愿者之前，had
quit是过去完成时态，过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过去的过去”，且结合时间状语when
I
visited
her
last
year可知，Susan做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况，故该空应用过去进行时态。B选项正确。
3.
（2016·北京卷·单项填空）Jack
___________
in
the
lab
when
the
power
cut
occurred.
A.
works
B.
has
worked
C.
was
working
D.
would
work
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。根据occurred可知，这里指过去某时刻正在发生的事情，断电时，杰克正在工作，要用过去进行时，故选C。
4.（2017·江苏卷·单项填空）
He
hurried
home,
never
once
looking
back
to
see
if
he
____________.
A.
was
being
followed
B.
was
following
C.
had
been
followed
D.
followed
【答案】
A
【解析】考查宾语从句和时态。分析句子成分可知，he和follow是被动关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B、D；根据句意＂在匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否正被跟踪＂，故用过去进行时最合适，故选A。
5.Jane
can’t
attend
the
meeting
at
3
o’clock
this
afternoon
because
she
___________
a
class
at
that
time.
A.
will
teach
B.
would
teach
C.
has
taught
D.
will
be
teaching
【答案】D
【解析】句意：简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为她那个时候在一个班上课。根据句中的时间状语at
that
time指代at
3
o’clock
this
afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事，要用将来完成时。故选D。
【名师点睛】本题考查时态。将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。分析此题需抓住时间状语以及that
time所代指的时间，再联系所学将来进行时所应用的范围及句意可以选出正确的答案。
完成时是用来表示动作的完成与未完成的情况。完成时包括现在完成时、过去完成时和将来完成时。
一、现在完成时
1.
现在完成时的用法
①表示结果的现在完成时
现在完成时着眼于过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。这是现在完成时的“已完成”用法，表示动作或过程发生在说话之前就已完成，并与现在有联系。这种联系实际上就是“过去的动作”对现在的影响或产生的结果。
?I
have
bought
a
pen.
我买了一支笔。（结果：I
have
a
pen
now.）
?The
temperature
has
increased
by
10℃.
温度上升了10摄氏度。（结果：It
is
quite
hot
now.）
?Air
pollution
has
taken
the
lives
of
many
people.
空气污染已经夺去了很多人的生命。（结果：Air
pollution
is
very
serious
now.）
注意：
现在完成时的上下文所指的时态必须呼应。
【误】I
have
bought
a
pen
but
I
have
lost
it
now.（have
bought表示你现在已经有笔了，这和后面的have
lost有矛盾）
【正】I
bought
a
pen
but
I
have
lost
it
now.
我（过去）买了一支笔，但我已经把它丢了。
【误】I
have
lost
my
pen
but
I
have
found
it
now.（have
lost强调你现在已经没有笔了，与后面have
found的意思有冲突）
【正】I
lost
my
pen
but
I
have
found
it
now.
我丢了一支笔，但现在已经找到了。
②表示经历的现在完成时：强调过去某一时刻到说话时这段时间中的经历。
?Have
you
ever
been
to
the
Great
Wall?你去过长城吗？
?I
have
visited
Beijing
at
least
ten
times.北京我至少访问过十次了。
?She
has
never
spent
a
holiday
at
the
seaside.她从未到海滨度过假。
③表示延续的现在完成时
这是现在完成时的“未完成”用法，表示一个动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能要继续下去。
?He's
loved
fishing
for
a
long
time.他爱好钓鱼为时已久。（他现在仍爱好钓鱼）
?I
have
lived
here
for
more
than
thirty
years.
我已在这儿住了三十多年了。（也许还会继续住下去）
注意：
现在完成时的“未完成”用法既可用于动态动词（主要是持续动词），也可用于状态动词，但它一般不适用于表示短暂动作或位置转移的动词，如：open,
break,
go,
come,
arrive,
leave等。如用这类动词表示“未完成”，通常只限于否定结构。
?I
haven't
seen
a
film
for
weeks.我已经好几个星期没看电影了。
?She
hasn't
written
to
me
since
September.自从9月份以来她还没给我写过信呢。
2.
现在完成时的时间状语
①与现在完成时“已完成”用法连用的时间状语
现在完成时表示的动作或状态发生在现在时间以前的某个未明确指出的过去时间内，和它连用的时间状语要与现在时间有关，不能是明确地表示过去的时间状语。
a.
不确定的过去时间状语：already,
yet,
before,
recently,
lately等
?I've
seen
the
film
before.我以前看过这部电影。
?Have
you
been
there
lately?近来你去过那里吗?
b.
频度时间状语：often,
sometimes,
ever,
never,
once,
rarely
等
?We
have
never
heard
of
that.我们从未听说过这事。
?He
has
sometimes
played
tennis.他有时打网球。
?Big
Ben
has
rarely
gone
wrong.大本钟很少出差错。
c.
包含现在时间在内的时间状语：now,
just,
today,
this
morning,
this
week,
this
year等
?I
have
just
finished
the
letter
now.我现在刚写完信。
?You
have
just
missed
the
bus.你刚好错过公共汽车。
?Has
he
done
much
work
today?他今天做了很多工作吗？
比较：already和yet用法上的区别
already常用于肯定句，置于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，置于句末。但already有时也可用在疑问句中暗示惊讶的心情。
?She
has
already
gone.她早就走了。
?Have
you
eaten
your
dinner
already?你已经吃过饭了?
?He
has
not
come
yet.他还没有来。
②与现在完成时“未完成”用法连用的时间状语
与“已完成”用法一样，表示具体的过去的时间状语不能与“未完成”用法连用。与其连用的往往是指一段时间的状语以具体表示某一动作或状态持续了多久。
a.
since
+
具体时间，表示动作或状态从何时开始
?Since
then,
he
has
developed
another
bad
habit.
自那以后他养成了另一个坏习惯。
?He
hasn't
been
home
since
he
graduated.
他毕业后就没回过家。
b.
for
+
一段时间，表示动作或状态持续了多久
?We
have
worked
here
for
ages.我们在这里工作很久了。
?There
has
been
no
rain
here
for
nearly
two
months.
这里已经近两个月没有下雨了。
c.
until
now,
up
till
now,
so
far,
up
to
the
moment到目前为止
?I
have
not
seen
him
so
far.到目前为止我没见过他。
?Up
to
the
present,
everything
has
been
OK.到目前为止一切正常。
d.
in/during
the
past/last
five
years在刚刚过去的5年里
?He
has
been
away
from
school
during
the
last
few
weeks.
过去的几个星期里他没在学校。
?In
the
past
few
years
they
have
dealt
with
quite
a
few
international
corporations
successfully.
在过去的几年中他们已经和好几家跨国公司做成了生意。
e.
all
the
while,
all
day
一直，一整天
?She
has
been
busy
all
day.
她忙了一整天。
【易混辨析】
现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
①两者都可表示过去发生过的动作，但前者表示的是过去的动作对现在的影响，而后者则只是表示过去有
这一动作的事实。
?He
locked
the
door.他锁过门。（但现在门是开是锁不清楚。）
?He
has
locked
the
door.他把门锁上了。（现在门是锁着的。）
?Who
turned
on
the
light?谁开的灯？（着眼开灯的动作，不管现在灯是开是关。）
?Who
has
turned
on
the
light?谁把灯打开了？（着眼开灯的结果，即现在灯还亮着。）
②两者都可表示过去开始并延续了一段时间的动作，现在完成时表示该动作仍在继续，而一般过去时则说
明该动作现已终止。
?He
has
lived
in
Beijing
for
four
years.
他在北京住了四年了。（现在仍住那儿）
?He
lived
in
Beijing
for
four
years.
他曾在北京住了四年。（现在不住那儿了）
二、
过去完成时
过去完成时的动作须在过去某一时间之前发生，即发生在“过去的过去”。
1.
过去完成时的用法
①“已完成”用法
表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。句中常用by引导的时间状语或以
before,
until,
when,
than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。
?By
5:00
yesterday
morning
we
had
done
that
work.到昨天早上5点钟时，我们已经做完了那件工作。
?He
had
just
finished
sweeping
the
classroom
when
the
teacher
returned
from
the
office.
老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。
?They
came
earlier
than
we
had
expected.
他们到得比我们预料的要早。
?I
had
learnt
5000
words
before
I
entered
the
university.
我在进大学之前就已学了5000个单词。
?It
rained
yesterday
after
it
had
been
dry
for
many
months.
旱了好几个月之后，昨天下雨了。
注意：
在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
?The
train
(had)
started
before
I
reached
the
station.
在我到达车站之前，列车已经开了。
?After
he
(had)
arrived
in
England,
Marx
worked
hard
to
improve
his
English.
马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。
②“未完成”用法
表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就已开始，一直持续到这一过去时间，还可能再持续下去。
?Up
to
that
time
all
had
gone
well.直到那时一切都很顺利。
?John
and
Jane
had
known
each
other
for
a
long
time
before
their
marriage.
约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。
?She
said
she
had
made
much
progress
since
she
came
here.
她说自从她到这儿后已取得了很大的进步。
③“想象性”用法
过去完成时有时表示一种未实现的愿望或想法，主要用在if引导的和过去事实相反的条件句以及wish,
as
if引导的从句中。
?If
she
had
worked
hard,
she
would
have
succeeded.
要是她努力的话，她就会成功了。（事实上她没努力，也没成功。）
?I
wish
I
had
gone
with
you
to
the
concert.
我要是和你一起去音乐会就好了。
?The
two
strangers
talked
as
if
they
had
been
good
friends
for
many
years.
那两个陌生人交谈起来就像是多年的老朋友。
④表示“刚刚……就……”
过去完成时常用在hardly/scarcely/barely
...
when...,
no
sooner
...
than
...
等结构中，表示“刚刚……就……”。
?Hardly
had
he
begun
to
speak
when
the
audience
interrupted
him.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
?No
sooner
had
he
arrived
than
he
went
away
again.
他刚到就又走了。
注意：
intend,
mean,
hope,
want,
plan,
suppose,
expect,
think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。
?I
had
meant
to
come,
but
something
happened.我原本打算来的，但有事发生了。
?I
had
intended
to
call
on
you,
but
was
prevented
from
doing
so.我本打算去看你的，但没能去成。
2.
过去完成时与一般过去时的比较
一般过去时表示过去时间的动作或状态。过去完成时表示的动作或状态发生在一般过去时表示的动作或状态之前，因此它表示的是“比过去更过去”。
?I
returned
the
book
that
I
had
borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。
?He
didn't
know
a
thing
about
the
verb,
for
he
had
not
studied
his
lessons.
他对动词一无所知，因为他没有好好学习功课。
?I
had
been
at
the
bus
stop
for
20
minutes
when
a
bus
finally
came.
我在车站等了20分钟车才来。
三、将来完成时
将来完成时的用法
①表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。
?We
shall
have
learned
12
units
by
the
end
of
this
term.
到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。
?By
the
time
you
get
home
I
will
have
cleaned
the
house
from
top
to
bottom.
你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。
?Will
you
soon
have
finished
laying
the
table?
你会很快摆放好餐桌吗？
注意：
在时间状语从句中，不用将来完成时，要用现在完成时来代替。
?When
I
have
finished
that,
I
shall
have
done
all
I
am
supposed
to
do.
等我做完这件事时，我就做完我该做的所有的事了。
?Please
don't
get
off
the
bus
until
it
has
stopped.
请待车停稳了再下车。
②表示推测
?You
will
have
heard
of
this,
I
guess.
我想你已经听说过这件事了。
?I
am
sure
he
will
have
got
the
information.
我相信他一定得到了这个信息。
四、完成进行时
完成进行时是完成时和进行时的结合，包括现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。
1.
现在完成进行时的用法
①表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在
现在完成进行时常和all
this
time,
this
week,
this
month,
all
night,
all
the
morning,
recently等状语以及since和for引导的状语连用。
?I
have
been
reading
Hemingway's
Farewell
to
Arms
recently.
我最近一直在读海明威的《永别了，武器》。
?She
has
been
reciting
the
words
all
the
morning.
她整个上午都在背单词。
?This
is
what
I
have
been
expecting
since
my
childhood.
这是我从小以来就一直期待着的事情。
②表示动作刚刚结束
?My
clothes
are
all
wet.
I've
been
working
in
the
rain.
我的衣服全湿了，我刚才一直在雨中干活。
?He
is
dead
drunk.
He's
been
drinking
with
his
friends.
他烂醉如泥，他刚才一直在和朋友们喝酒。
③表示一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作
?You've
been
saying
that
for
five
years.
这话你已经说了五年了。
?He
has
been
writing
articles
to
the
newspapers
and
magazines
since
he
became
a
teacher.
自从任教以来，他一直在为报刊杂志撰稿。
④表达较重的感彩
?What
have
you
been
doing
to
my
dictionary?
看你把我的字典弄成什么样子了！
?Time
has
been
flying
so
quickly!
时间过得可真快啊！
?Too
much
has
been
happening
today.
今天可真是个多事的日子。
【易混辨析】
现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较
①现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。
?Have
you
been
meeting
him
recently?
你最近常和他见面吗？
?Have
you
met
him
recently?你最近见到过他吗？
②现在完成进行时有时含有感彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。
?I
have
been
waiting
for
you
for
two
hours.
我一直等了你两个小时。（可能表示不满）
?I
have
waited
for
you
for
two
hours.
我等了你两个小时。（说明一个事实）
③现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果。
?Who
has
been
eating
the
oranges?
谁一直在吃这些桔子呀？（还剩余一些）
?Who
has
eaten
the
oranges?
谁把桔子吃光了？（强调吃得一个不剩）
2.
过去完成进行时
①表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作
过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。
?I
had
been
looking
for
it
for
days
before
I
found
it.这东西我找了好多天才找着的。
?They
had
only
been
waiting
for
the
bus
a
few
moments
when
it
came.他们只等了一会儿车就来了。
②表示反复的动作
?He
had
been
mentioning
your
name
to
me.他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
?You
had
been
giving
me
everything.你对我真是有求必应。
③过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中（详见第12章）
?The
doctor
asked
what
he
had
been
eating.
医生问他吃了什么。
?I
asked
where
they
had
been
staying
all
those
days.
我问他们那些天是待在哪儿的。
④过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”之意的when
分句
?I
had
only
been
reading
a
few
minutes
when
he
came
in.
我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。
?She'd
only
been
reviewing
her
lessons
for
a
short
while
when
her
little
sister
interrupted
her.
她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。
1.（2020·江苏卷·单项填空）.
26.
Instead
of
getting
down
to
a
new
task
as
I
_____,
he
examined
the
previous
work
again.
A.
had
expected
B.
have
expected
C.
would
expect
D.
expect
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:他没有像我所期望的那样着手做新工作，而是又检查了一遍以前的工作。此处描述的动作发生在examined之前，属于“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。故选A。
2.（2020·天津二卷·单项填空）
—You
are
a
great
swimmer.
—Thanks.
It’s
because
I
______
a
lot
these
days.
A.
have
been
practising
B.
was
practising
C.
would
practise
D.
had
practised
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意:-你游泳很棒。-谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状语these
days(这些天)可知，“练习游泳”从数天前开始，一直持续到现在，因此该句应用现在完成进行时态。故选A。
3.（2020·天津一卷·单项填空）.—The
machine
is
working
again！
—Yes,
it
broke
down
yesterday,
but
it___________.
A.
has
been
fixed
B.
is
being
fixed
C.
had
been
fixed
D.
would
be
fixed
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：机器又运转了！是的，昨天机器出故障了，但已经被修好了。通过分析语境可知，此处使用现在完成时，表示截至目前已经完成的动作。故选A项。
4.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）They
are
trying
to
make
sure
that
5G
terminals_________
by
2022
for
the
Beijing
Winer
Olympics.
A.
will
install
B.
will
have
been
installed
C.
are
installed
D.
have
been
installed
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选B。
【答案】B
5.（2018·北京卷·单项填空）A
rescue
worker
risked
his
life
saving
two
tourists
who
_________
in
the
mountains
for
two
days.
A.
are
trapping
B.
have
been
trapped
C.
were
trapping
D.
had
been
trapped
【答案】D
【解析】考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who
___
in
the
mountains
for
two
days”是定语从句，修饰two
tourists，two
tourists和trap之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。综上，D选项正确。
6.（2018·北京卷·单项填空）China’s
high-speed
railways
_________
from
9,000
to
25,000
kilometers
in
the
past
few
years.
A.
are
growing
B.
have
grown
C.
will
grow
D.
had
grown
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in
the
past
few
years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在完成时态。B选项正确。
7.（2016·北京卷﹒单项填空）—Excuse
me,
which
movie
are
you
waiting
for?
—The
new
Star
Wars.
We
____________
here
for
more
than
two
hours.
A.
waited
B.
wait
C.
would
be
waiting
D.
have
been
waiting
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意：——打扰了，你们在等哪一部电影？——《星球大战》，我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。＂for+时间段＂与完成时连用，根据语境可知，说话的时候仍然在等，因此用现在完成进行时，故选D。
【名师点睛】英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定，因此在学习英语时态时，要注意分析动词形式及具体语境，想象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景，这个动作是经常性动作、一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要发生的动作。现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直进行可能还要继续进行的动作。
8.（2016·江苏卷﹒单项填空）Dashan,
who
____________
crosstalk,
the
Chinese
comedic
tradition,
for
decades,
wants
to
mix
it
up
with
the
Western
stand-up
tradition.
A.
will
be
learning
B.
is
learning
C.
had
been
learning
D.
has
been
learning
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。本句的时间状语是＂for
decades几十年来＂，该时间状语通常和现在完成的有关时态连用，本句强调这几十年来大山一直努力把中国相声和西方的脱口秀相结合。所以使用现在完成进行时，强调动作的延续性和反复性。故D正确。
9.（2016?北京卷?单项填空）I
____________
half
of
the
English
novel,
and
I’ll
try
to
finish
it
at
the
weekend.
A.
read
B.
have
read
C.
am
reading
D.
will
read
【答案】
B
【解析】句意：我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半，周末会尽力把另一半看完。强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，要用现在完成时。＂看小说＂这一动作发生在过去，到目前为止看了一半，故用现在完成时，选B。
1.
有些动词如read,
write,
clean,
wash,
iron,
burn,
draw,
cook,
keep,
cut,
open,
blow,
peel,
sell,
act等用作不及物
动词且表示主语的某种属性时，常和副词well,
easily,
smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表示被动含义。
这些动词的主语一般是表物的词，且这些物往往具有某种内在的特点，这些句子的时态多用一般现在时
或一般将来时。如：
?This
pen
writes
smoothly.这笔写起来很流畅。
?The
cloth
washes
well.这种布料耐洗。
2．动词need,
require,
want,
be
worth后加v.?ing的主动结构表被动意义。
?My
watch
can’t
work;
it
needs
repairing.
我的手表不能用了，需要修了。
?This
film
is
really
worth
seeing.
这部电影的确值得看。
?The
book
is
worth
reading
again.
＝The
book
is
worthy
of
being
read
again.
＝The
book
is
worthy
to
be
read
again.
这本书值得再读一遍。
3.
在＂主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式＂句型中，形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的
逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。这样的形容词很多，常用的有：amusing,
cheap,
comfortable,
dangerous,
difficult,
easy,
fit,
hard,
important,
impossible,
interesting,
nice,
pleasant,
funny,
heavy,
light等。
?That
question
is
difficult
to
answer.那个问题不容易回答。
4.
动词不定式放于名词或代词之后作定语，不定式和名词之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，同时又和句中另一
名词或代词构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
?I
have
a
lot
of
things
to
do
this
afternoon.
今天下午我有许多事情要做。(to
do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)
?I'll
go
to
the
post
office.
Do
you
have
a
letter
to
post?
我要去邮局。你有信要寄吗？(post与主语you之间不存在主谓关系，只和前面letter构成动宾关系。)
As
time
went
on,
Einstein’s
theory
__________
to
be
correct.
A.
proved
B.
proves
C.
is
proved
D.
was
proved
【答案】
A
【解析】句意：随着时间的推移，爱因斯坦的理论证明是正确的。prove＂证明是＂，这里用作连系动词，要用主动形式表被动含义，故选A。
【巧学妙记】
主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀一般现、过用be
done，be有人称、时、数变。完成时态have
done，被动将been加中间。一般将来shall
(will)
do，被动变do为be
done。将来进行无被动，shall
(will)
be
doing。现在完成进行同，have
(has)
been
doing。现、过进行be
doing，被动be加being
done。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。一般情助加be
done，双宾多将间宾变。复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。注释：①＂be有人称、时、数变＂即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。②＂情助＂是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。③＂疑问一助置主前＂是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。
题组一
真题在线
1.（2018·北京卷·单项填空）
—Hi,
I’m
Peter.
Are
you
new
here?
I
haven’t
seen
you
around?
—Hello,
Peter.
I’m
Bob.
I
just
_________
on
Monday.
A.
start
B.
have
started
C.
started
D.
had
started
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。——你好，彼得。
我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这
儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。
2.（2018·江苏卷·单项填空）
Hopefully?in?2025?we?will?no?longer?be?e-mailing?each?other,
for?we
_______
more
convenient
electronic
communication?tools?by?then.
A.
have
developed
B.
had?developed
C.
will?have?developed
D.
developed
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方
便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in
2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语by
then到那时，可知用完
成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选C。
3.（2017·新课标卷I·语法填空）Fast
food
___67___
(be)
full
of
fat
and
salt;
by
68
（eating）
(eat)
more
fast
food
people
will
get
more
salt
and
fat
than
they
need
in
their
diet.
【答案】is
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。fast
food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
4.（2017·新课标卷III·语法填空）Sarah
says,
＂My
dad
thinks
I
should
take
the
offer
now.
But
at
the
moment,
school
69
(come)
first.
I
don’t
want
to
get
too
absorbed
in
modeling.
【答案】comes
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据语境可知Sarah认为当下应该是学业第一，说明现在的情况应该用一般现在时。
5.（2017·北京卷·单项填空）
People______
better
access
to
health
care
than
they
used
to,and
they’re
living
longer
as
a
result.
A.
will
have
B.
have
C.
had
D.
had
had
【答案】B
【解析】句意：人们有着比过去更好的医疗保健，所以他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在，所以than前一句话是用现在的时间，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，所以前面也用现在时态，故选B。
6.（2017·江苏卷·单项填空）
He’s
been
informed
that
he
____________
for
the
scholarship
because
of
his
academic
background.
A.
hasn’t
qualified
B.
hadn’t
qualified
C.
doesn’t
qualify
D.
wasn’t
qualifying
【答案】
C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：他已经被告知由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。qualify
for
sth达标，获得参赛资格；由于条件不满足而没有资格做某事，是客观事实，用一般现在时。故选C。
7.（2017·新课标卷II·语法填空）Later,
engineers
___68___(manage)
to
construct
railways
in
a
system
of
deep
tunnels
(隧道）,
which
became
known
to
the
tube.
【答案】managed
【解析】考查动词的时态。此处表示过去的情况，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填managed。
8.（2017·北京卷）—______
that
company
to
see
how
they
think
of
our
product
yesterday?
—Yes.
They
are
happy
with
it.
A.
Did
you
call
B.
Have
you
called
C.
Will
you
call
D.
Were
you
calling
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？——打了，他们对产品很满意。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语yesterday，发生在过去，肯定用过去时，故选A。
9.（2017·北京卷·单项填空）In
the
1950s
in
the
USA,
most
families
had
just
one
phone
at
home,
and
wireless
phones
_______
yet.
A.
haven’t
invented
B.
haven’t
been
invented
C.
hadn’t
invented
D.
hadn’t
been
invented
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除A和C，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排除B，故选D，过去完成时的被动语态。
10.（2017·新课标II卷改编）Around
100
people
_________（put
down）
a
$10,000
deposit
to
get
a
Transition
when
they
go
on
sale,
and
those
numbers
will
likely
rise
after
Terrafugia
introduces
the
Transition
to
the
public
later
this
week
at
the
New
York
Auto
Show.
【答案】have
already
put
down
【解析】此处表示动作到现在已完成，强调对现在的影响，故用现在完成时。
11.（2017·新课标II卷改编）It
_________(white-paint)tunnels
and
bright
red
carriages,
and
proved
extremely
popular
with
the
public.
【答案】had
white-painted
【解析】此处表示动作发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时。
12.
（2017·新课标III卷改编）The
Intelligent
Transport
team
at
Newcastle
University
_________(turn)
an
electric
car
into
a
mobile
laboratory
named
＂DriveLAB＂
in
order
to
understand
the
challenges
faced
by
older
drivers
and
to
discover
where
the
key
stress
points
are.
【答案】have
turned
【解析】此处表示动作到现在已完成，强调对现在的影响，故用现在完成时。
13.（2017·新课标II卷·语法填空）Steam
engines
__65_(use)
to
pull
the
carriages
and
it
must
have
been（fairly）
(fair)unpleasant
for
the
passengers,
with
all
the
smoke
and
noise.
【答案】were
used
【解析】考查被动语态，此处表示过去的被动，故填were
used。
14.（2017·新课标
=
2
\
ROMAN
III卷·语法填空）Sarah
63
(tell)
that
she
could
be
Britain’s
new
supermodel
earning
a
million
dollars
in
the
next
year.
【答案】was
told
/
has
been
told
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可判断出谓语动词应该用一般过去时或现在完成时的被动形式，又因主语Sarah是第三人称单数，故填was
told
/
has
been
told。
15.
(2016·北京)
Jack
________
in
the
lab
when
the
power
cut
occurred.
A.
works
B.
has
worked
C.
was
working
D.
would
work
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。根据occurred可知，这里指过去某时刻正在发生的事情，断电时，杰克正在工作，综合用过去进行时，故选C。
16.
(2016·浙江卷·单项填空)
Silk
__________
one
of
the
primary
goods
traded
along
the
Silk
Road
by
about
100
BC.
A.
had
become
B.
was
becoming
C.
has
become
D.is
becoming
【答案】A
【解析】句意：到公元前100年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。时间状语是by+过去时间，谓语用过去完成时。故选A。
17.
(2016·天津卷·单项填空)
When
walking
down
the
street,
I
came
across
David,
when
I
_____
for
years.
A.
didn’t
see
B.
haven’t
seen
C.
hadn’t
seen
D.
wouldn’t
see
【答案】C
【解析】句意：当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的David。根据语境，“not
see”这个动作发生在come
across之前，是过去的过去发生的动作，用过去完成时。故选C。
18.（2016·北京卷﹒单项填空）The
students
have
been
working
hard
on
their
lessons
and
their
efforts
____________
with
success
in
the
end.
A.
rewarded
B.
were
rewarded
C.
will
reward
D.
will
be
rewarded
【答案】D
【解析】题目考查时态和语态。句意：学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报。根据句意可知，回报是将来要发生的事情，应该用将来时；efforts和reward是被动关系，应该使用被动语态，故选D。
19.（2016·江苏卷﹒单项填空）More
efforts,
as
reported,
____________
in
the
years
ahead
to
accelerate
the
supply-side
structural
reform.
A.
are
made
B.will
be
made
C.are
being
made
D.have
been
made
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：正如报道的那样，在未来几年将做出的努力，以加速供给结构改革的速度。本句的时间状语“in
the
years
ahead在未来的几年里”和将来时连用，且efforts与动词make构成被动关系，所以使用被动语态。所以要使用一般将来时的被动语态形式，故B正确。
20.（2016·全国新课标卷I﹒语法填空）So
it
was
a
great
honour
to
be
invited
backstage
at
the
not-for-profit
Panda
Base,
where
ticket
money
helps
pay
for
research,
I
62
（allow）to
get
up
close
to
these
cute
animals
at
the
600-acre
centre.
【答案】was
allowed
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据句意可知，作者是被允许走近这些动物，be
allowed
to
do
sth＂被允许做某事＂。
21.（2016·上海卷﹒语法填空）In
recent
years,
stress
(33)
____________
(regard)
as
a
cause
of
a
whole
range
of
medical
problems,
from
high
blood
pressure
to
mental
illness.
【答案】has
been
regarded
【解析】考查时态和语态。本句的时间状语时in
recent
years（最近几年来），该时间状语常和现在完成时连用，且句子的主语stress和动词regard之间构成被动关系，所以要用现在完成时的被动语态形式has
been
regarded。
22.（2016·四川卷﹒语法填空）The
giant
panda
41
(love)
by
people
throughout
the
world.
【答案】is
loved
【解析】句意：大熊猫被全世界的人喜欢。根据句意可知用一般现在时态的被动语态，The
giant
panda是单数第三人称形式，故填is
loved。
23.
(2015·浙江)
Albert
Einstein
was
born
in
1879.
As
a
child,
few
people
guessed
that
he
a
famous
scientist
whose
theories
would
change
the
world.
A.
has
been
B.
had
been
C.
was
going
to
be
D.
was
【答案】C
【解析】句意：爱因斯坦出生于1879年，小的时候很少人猜到他将会成为一个伟大的科学家，他的理论将会改变全世界。根据句意，应该是表达过去将来时，所以只有C选项符合。该选项是使用过去进行时表将来。A选项是现在完成时（用以表达过去的动作对现在的影响，往往有一些关键的词比如说since或者是for加一段时间），B选项是过去完成时(具备的条件是有两个动词，而且其中一个动作要在另一个动作之前发生，那么这个之前发生的动词就使用过去完成时)，C选项是过去进行时（过去进行时表示过去某一此刻正在进行的动作，另外动词going的进行时还可以表达将来），D选项是过去时（表达过去的动作）。结合以上的表述以及后句使用的情态动词would（will
的过去时，用于过去将来时），分析可知答案就是C。
24.
(2015·湖南)
He
must
have
sensed
that
I
________
him.
He
suddenly
glanced
at
me
and
said
quietly,
"Why
are
you
staring
at
me
like
that?"
A.
would
look
at
B.
looked
at
C.
was
looking
at
D.
am
looking
at
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他一定是注意到我在看着他。他突然看向我然后轻声问道：“你为什么要那样盯着我看？”根据分析，此句在意义上应该用进行时，又根据此句中的must
have
sensed和glanced
at可知是过去进行时，故选C。
25.
(2015·重庆卷·单项填空)
In
my
hometown,
there
is
always
a
harvest
supper
for
the
farmers
after
all
the
wheat_________
cut.
A.
will
have
been
B.
will
be
C.
was
D.
has
been
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在我的家乡，麦子丰收过后农民会有一个庆祝晚餐。现在完成时表示动作已经完成，才会举行庆祝活动，故选D项。
题组二
名校模拟
Ⅰ.
单句改错
1．I
like
these
poems
and
they
are
read
many
times
by
my
Chinese
teacher．
_________________________________________________
2．Stop
making
the
noise．A
news
report
has
been
broadcast
and
I
want
to
listen．
_________________________________________________
3．The
moment
I
got
to
the
station，I
found
the
train
left．
_________________________________________________
4．I
know
nothing
about
him．I
didn’t
see
him
since
we
graduated
from
college．
_________________________________________________
5．Sorry，no
tea
or
coffee
is
serving
in
our
restaurant．
_________________________________________________
6．Will
these
flowers
water
in
a
few
minutes?
_________________________________________________
7．The
old
machine
has
been
repaired
at
the
moment,
so
we
can’t
use
it
now．
_________________________________________________
8．No
decision
will
make
until
our
manager
comes
back．
_________________________________________________
9．You
have
worked
in
front
of
the
computer
too
long．You
must
take
a
break
now．
_________________________________________________
10．I
arrived
late．I
didn’t
expect
the
traffic
was
so
heavy．
_________________________________________________
【答案】
1．are
read→have
been
read
　
2．has
been
broadcast
→is
being
broadcast　
3．left→had
left　
4．didn’t
see→haven’t
seen　
5．serving→served　
6．water→be
watered
7．has
been→is
being　
8．make→be
made　
9．have
worked　→have
been
working　
10．didn’t
expect→hadn’t
expected
Ⅱ.
语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Is
there
such
a
thing
as
being
＂over-protective＂?
I
can
honestly
say
that
my
answer
to
that
question
1
(change)
dramatically（戏剧性地）since
I
became
a
parent.
Before
the
birth
of
my
daughter,
I
taught
at
2
private
school,
often
viewing
my
students
as
over-protected,
worrying
3
would
happen
when
they
went
on
to
middle
schools.
Some
did
fine,
and
some
did
not.
Some
needed
constant
pats
on
the
back,
words
of
4
(encourage)
and
extra
support,
which
I
5
(happy)
gave.
Others
were
content
on
their
own,
needing
little
or
no
interaction（互动）with
their
teacher.
6
for
the
most
part,
graduates
would
go
on
for
higher
schooling.
I’d
always
supposed
their
parents
were
over-protective,
for
they
were
the
ones
that
still
walked
their
7
(five)
graders
into
the
classroom
and
met
them
at
the
school
gate.
Admittedly,
I
laughed
at
those
parents,
8
(think)
their
children
would
never
learn
to
be
9
(independence)
if
they
didn’t
let
go
just
a
little.
Then
I
had
my
own
daughter.
The
moment
I
looked
at
her
little
face,
I
10
(know)
I’d
do
everything
in
my
power
to
protect
her
and
make
sure
she
always
felt
safe!
【文章大意】作者一直都认为现在很多孩子都被父母过度保护，但是在自己的女儿出生以后，他的观点发生了变化，他愿意做一切自己能做的来保护孩子。
1.has
changed
【解析】考查时态。本句的时间状语since
I
became
a
parent，而since引导时间状语时，主语
应该使用现在完成时。故填has
changed。
2.
a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：在女儿出生之前，我在一所私立学校教书。本句中名词school（学校）是一
个可数名词，前面加a表示泛指。
3.
what【解析】考查宾语从句。本句中what引导宾语从句＂what
would
happen＂作动词worry的宾语，并
在句中作主语。
4.
encouragement
【解析】考查名词。横线前面有介词of，说明横线上应该使用名词作宾语，动词encourage
的名词是encouragement。
5.
happily【解析】考查副词。在英语中副词通常作状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常作定语或表
语修饰名词。本句中使用副词happily作状语修饰动词give。
6.
But【解析】考查连词。虽然有人需要鼓励，有人不需要鼓励，但是大部分人都要进入更高一级的学校学习。上下文之间表示转折关系，使用but连接上下文。
7.
fifth
【解析】考查序数词。本句中the
fifth
graders指五年级的学生。很多父母亲还陪着五年级的学生
上学。
8.
thinking
【解析】考查分词作状语。本句中动词think与句子主语I之间构成主动关系，所以使用现在分
词在句中作状语。句意：我嘲笑那些父母亲，认为他们的孩子永远都无法学会独立。
9.
independent【解析】考查形容词。本句中形容词independent与be连用构成不定式作动词learn的宾语。
句意：我嘲笑那些父母亲，认为他们的孩子永远都无法学会独立。
10.
knew【解析】考查时态。本句的时间状语是the
moment
I
looked
at
her
little
face，叙述的是过去发生的事
情，所以主句中使用一般过时。
Ⅲ.
短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.
每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last
Friday,
I
was
standing
near
a
subway
exit,
tried
to
call
a
taxi.
But
no
luck.
Then
I
thought
of
the
taxi-booking
app
my
friend
has
recommended
and
I
booked
a
taxi
through
my
cellphone.
Soon
it
came,
and
I
got
in
the
car,
feeling
pretty
proudly
of
my
high-tech
way
and
satisfied
with
the
convenience
brought
by
the
app.
So
later,
I
was
upset
to
find
that
the
driver
was
busy
looking
his
cellphone
to
get
the
next
order.
It
was
just
then
when
I
began
to
worry
about
my
safety.
What’s
bad,
the
driver’s
informations
might
be
unreliable.
How
can
we
passengers’
legal
rights
be
protecting
if
something
bad
happens?
So
be
careful
when
you
use
the
taxi-booking
app
the
next
time.
【答案】
Last
Friday,
I
was
standing
near
a
subway
exit,?to
call
a
taxi.
But
no
luck.
Then
I
thought
of
the
taxi-booking
app
my
friend??recommended
and
I
booked
a
taxi
through
my
cellphone.
Soon
it
came,
and
I
got
in
the
car,
feeling
pretty??of
my
high-tech
way
and
satisfied
with
the
convenience
brought
by
the
app.??later,
I
was
upset
to
find
that
the
driver
was
busy
looking
his
cellphone
to
get
the
next
order.
It
was
just
then??I
began
to
worry
about
my
safety.
What’s?,
the
driver’s??might
be
unreliable.
How
can
we
passengers’
legal
rights
be??if
something
bad
happens?
So
be
careful
when
you
use
the
taxi-booking
app?⑩
next
time.
【解析】
第一处：考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用现在分词作伴随状语。
第二处：考查时态。根据语境可知,"想起"这一动作发生在过去,"推荐"这一动作发生在"想起"这一动作之前,即过去的过去,故用过去完成时。
第三处：考查形容词。系动词feel后应跟形容词proud与satisfied并列作表语。
第四处：考查连词。此句的upset"不高兴,失望"与前句的proud"骄傲的"和satisfied"满意的"构成转折关系,故用表示转折的连词。
第五处：考查动词短语。look是不及物动词,表示"看……"时需要加上介词at,才可接宾语。
第六处：考查特殊句式。根据句意"正是在那个时候我才开始担心自己的安全"可知,此处为强调句式:It
was...
that...。
第七处：考查形容词比较等级。what’s
worse意为"更糟糕的是",表示递进关系。
第八处：考查名词。information意为"信息",是不可数名词。
第九处：考查语态。根据句意"如果发生了什么糟糕的事情,我们乘客的合法权利怎样才能得到保护呢?"可知此处应用被动语态。
第十处：考查冠词。next后跟Monday,
week,
summer,
year,
time作时间状语表将来时,其前不加冠词。此处表示从现在看来的"下一次"。
针对训练
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．(2014·安徽高考)The
twins，who
(finish)their
homework，were
allowed
to
play
badminton
on
the
playground.
【答案】　had
finished
2．(2014·北京高考)—Hi，let's
go
skating.
—Sorry，I'm
busy
right
now.I
(fill)in
an
application
form
for
a
new
job.
【答案】　am
filling
3．(2014·北京高考)
I
found
the
lecture
hard
to
follow
because
it
(start)when
I
arrived.
【答案】　had
started
4．(2014·大纲全国卷)Unless
some
extra
money
(find)，the
theatre
will
close.
【答案】　is
found
5．(2014·大纲全国卷)The
reports
went
missing
in
2012
and
nobody
(see)
them
since.
【答案】　has
seen
6．(2014·福建高考)—Haven't
seen
you
for
ages!
Where
have
you
been?
—I
went
to
Ningxia
and
(stay)
there
for
one
year，teaching
as
a
volunteer.
【答案】　stayed
7．(2014·湖南高考)Since
the
time
humankind
started
gardening，we
(try)
to
make
our
environment
more
beautiful.
【答案】　have
been
trying
8．(2014·天津高考)We
won't
start
the
work
until
all
the
preparations
.
【答案】　have
been
made
9．(2014·江苏高考)—How
much
do
you
know
about
the
Youth
Olympic
Games
to
be
held
in
Nanjing?
—Well，the
media
(cover)it
in
a
variety
of
forms.
【答案】　have
covered
10．(2014·江西高考)—Tony，why
are
your
eyes
red?
—
I
(cut)up
peppers
for
the
last
five
minutes.
【答案】　have
been
cutting
Ⅱ.语篇填空
用所给提示词的适当形式填空，使短文合理，连贯
It
was
getting
dark
when
I
1.
(get)
home.It
was
cold
and
I
2.
(wear)
a
coat.I
walked
up
to
the
door
and
put
my
hand
into
my
pocket
to
take
out
the
key，but
I
couldn't
find
it.I
suddenly
remembered
that
I
3.
(leave)
it
on
my
desk
in
the
office.It
really
didn't
make
any
difference.
I
knew
my
wife
4.
(be)
at
home
and
the
children
must
have
come
back
from
school
by
now,
so
I
5.
(knock)
at
the
door.There
was
no
answer.I
6.
(continue)
knocking
at
the
door
for
some
time.I
7.
(get)
angry.Then
I
remembered
something
the
office
boy
8.
(tell)
me
at
noon.He
said
that
my
wife
9.
(phone)
saying
that
she
10.
(go)
shopping
in
the
afternoon
with
the
children.It
seemed
that
nothing
11.
(can
do)
and
I
12.
(shut)
out
of
my
house.
【答案】　1.got　2.was
wearing　3.had
left　4.was　5.knocked　6.continued　7.was
getting　8.had
told　9.had
phoned
10.would
go　11.could
be
done　12.would
be
shut
综合演练
语法填空
根据提示词用适当的时态和语态填空(不多于3个单词)使短文合理，连贯
Welcome
to
our
school.I'd
like
to
introduce
you
plans
for
our
school.We
1.
(do)
a
lot
of
work
in
the
past
few
years.The
library
has
been
completed
and
2.
(be)
ready
for
use.But
we
still
have
to
do
more
work.We
3.
(build)
a
new
biology
lab
this
year.But
we
4.
(not
have)
enough
money
for
the
equipment.Students
in
all
grades
5.
(collect)
money.
The
money
which
is
being
collected
will
6.
(spend)
on
new
equipment.At
present，we
7.
(make)
a
plan
for
a
party
at
the
end
of
the
term，at
which
our
students
8.
(give)wonderful
performances.
The
gardens
of
the
school
are
being
improved
this
year.New
trees
are
being
planted
which
9.
(give)
shade
soon
in
summer.The
whole
school
are
being
painted
during
the
summer
holidays.In
fact，our
school
10.
(become)
more
and
more
beautiful.
【答案】　1.have
done　2.is　3.will
build　4.don't
have　5.are
collecting　6.be
spent　7.are
making　8.will
give　9.will
give　10.is
becoming
考点详解
考向1
一般时
考向2
进行时
考向3
完成时
考向4
主动形式表示被动意义
检测训练解密06动词的时态和语态
【命题趋势】
1.
语法填空以时态的考查为主，语态的考查为辅。
2.
在语法填空中侧重考查一般时，进行时及完成时。
3.
动词的时态和语态是高考中出现频率最高的语法项目。考题创设的语境比较明确，通常是根据所设置的语境中的信息判断时态以及主谓语之间的主谓或动宾关系。
【名师指导】
1.
了解并能正确运用常考的11种时态；
2.
熟练运用现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般过去时等高考高频时态；
3.
掌握几种易混时态的区别，如现在完成时和一般过去时等。
动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)
现在时
过去时
将来时
过去将来时
一般时
do
/
does
did
shall/will
do
should/would
do
进行时
am/is/are
doing
was/were
doing
shall/will
be
doing[]
should/would
be
doing
完成时
have/has
did
had
did
shall/will
have
did
should/would
have
did
完成进行时
have/has
been
doing
had
been
doing
shall/will
have
been
doing
should/would
have
been
doing[]
解密06动词的时态和语态
【命题趋势】
1.
语法填空以时态的考查为主，语态的考查为辅。
2.
在语法填空中侧重考查一般时，进行时及完成时。
3.
动词的时态和语态是高考中出现频率最高的语法项目。考题创设的语境比较明确，通常是根据所设置的语境中的信息判断时态以及主谓语之间的主谓或动宾关系。
【名师指导】
1.
了解并能正确运用常考的11种时态；
2.
熟练运用现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般过去时等高考高频时态；
3.
掌握几种易混时态的区别，如现在完成时和一般过去时等。
动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)
现在时
过去时
将来时
过去将来时
一般时
do
/
does
did
shall/will
do
should/would
do
进行时
am/is/are
doing
was/were
doing
shall/will
be
doing[]
should/would
be
doing
完成时
have/has
did
had
did
shall/will
have
did
should/would
have
did
完成进行时
have/has
been
doing
had
been
doing
shall/will
have
been
doing
should/would
have
been
doing[]
一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。
一、一般现在时
1.
一般现在时的构成
一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s或-es。
?They
want
good
jobs.他们想要好的工作。
?The
coat
matches
the
dress.外衣和裙子很相配。
?This
work
does
not
satisfy
me.这项工作我不满意。
?Do
you
understand?你懂了吗?
2.
一般现在时的用法
①一般现在时的基本用法
a.
表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态
?He
always
takes
a
walk
after
supper.晚饭后他总是散散步。
?Everyone
is
in
high
spirits
now.现在大家都情绪高涨。
b.
表示客观事实或普遍真理
?The
sun
rises
in
the
east
and
sets
in
the
west.太阳从东方升起在西方落下。
?Sound
travels
faster
through
water
than
it
does
through
air.
声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。
?Time
and
tide
wait
for
no
man.时间不等人。
c.
表示主语的特征、能力和状态
?This
cloth
feels
soft.这布摸上去很软。
?I
love
classical
music.我喜欢古典音乐。
?The
President
still
seems
able
to
find
time
to
go
fishing.
看来总统仍能有时间去钓鱼。
d.
表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作
?The
meeting
begins
at
7:00.会议七点钟开始。
?We
leave
here
at
8:00
sharp.我们八点整离开这里。
e.
在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作
?When
you
come
next
time,
bring
me
some
magazines.
你下次来时，给我带几本杂志。
?If
time
allows,
we
shall
go
there
tomorrow.
如果时间允许的话，我们明天去那里。
?Whether
he
agrees
or
not,
I
will
stay
at
home.
不管他同意与否，我都会待在家里。
②一般现在时的特殊用法
a.
用于新闻标题或图片说明中
?China
Declares
Manned
Spaceflight
Successful中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功
?Laura
Bush
Arrives
in
Moscow劳拉·布什抵达莫斯科
b.
用于体育运动、表演等实况报道中
?Francis
slips
past,
passes
the
ball
to
Yao
Ming,
who
jumps,
catches
and
shoots
it
into
the
basket.
弗朗西斯穿过去，把球传给姚明，姚明跳起来，接住球投进篮里。
?Now,
look,
I
press
the
button
and
turn
on
the
machine.
现在，看，我按下按扭，打开了这台机器。
c.
表示告诫或劝说
?You
mind
your
own
business.你不要管闲事！
?If
he
does
that
again,
he
goes
to
prison.如果他再那样的话，他就会进监狱的。
d.
表示现在瞬间的动作
?Here
comes
the
bus.汽车来了。
?There
goes
the
bell.铃响了。
2.
一般过去时
①一般过去时的基本用法
a.
表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态
?He
suddenly
fell
ill
yesterday.昨天他突然生病了。
?The
engine
stopped
because
the
fuel
was
used
up.
发动机因燃料用光而停机了。
注意：
在一般过去时的句子中，通常都要有表示过去的时间状语。
【误】I
visited
the
Palace
Museum.（在没有上下文的情况下，应避免这样说）
【正】I
visited
the
Palace
Museum
last
year.
去年我参观过故宫博物院。
【正】I
have
visited
the
Palace
Museum.
我参观过故宫博物院。
b.
表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态
?I
wrote
home
once
a
week
at
college.我上大学时每周给家里写一封信。
?He
was
already
in
the
habit
of
reading
widely
in
his
boyhood.
他童年时就养成了广泛阅读的习惯。
表示过去的习惯性动作，除了用过去式外，还可以用used
to或would来表示。
?She
used
to
study
late
into
the
night
when
she
was
in
Senior
Three.
她上高三时经常学习到深夜。
?He
would
sit
for
hours
doing
nothing.
过去他常常一坐几个钟头什么事也不做。
c.
表示过去连续发生的一系列动作
?She
entered
the
room,
picked
up
a
magazine
and
looked
through
it
carefully.
她走进房间，拿起一本杂志，认真地翻阅了起来。
?The
students
got
up
early
in
the
morning,
did
morning
exercises
and
then
read
English
aloud
in
the
open
air.
学生们很早起床，做早操，然后在室外朗读英语。
②一般过去时的特殊用法
a.
在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态
?It's
time
we
went.是我们该走的时候了。
?I
wish
I
were
twenty
years
younger.但愿我年轻20岁。
?I
would
rather
you
didn't
do
anything
for
the
time
being.我宁愿你暂时先不要采取什么措施。
b.
在口语中，一般过去时往往显示委婉客气。
?I
wondered
if
you
could
give
me
a
hand.我想请你帮个忙。
?Might
I
come
and
see
you
tonight?我想今晚来看你，好吗？
3．一般现在时和一般过去时的比较
一般现在时要和现在时间相联系，而一般过去时和说话的“现在”不相联系。
?His
father
is
a
film
director.他父亲是电影导演。（他现在还是）
?His
father
was
a
film
director.他父亲曾是电影导演。（他现在不是）
?How
do
you
like
the
novel?你觉得这部小说怎么样？（还在看小说）
?How
did
you
like
the
novel?你觉得这部小说怎么样？（已看完小说）
三、一般将来时
1.
一般将来时的用法
①表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态
?I
shall
be
free
this
afternoon.我今天下午有空。
?There'll
be
no
chemistry
classes
tomorrow.明天没有化学课。
?They
will
probably
go
to
Shanghai
for
their
holiday.他们可能去上海度假。
注意：
在口语中，常用will
/
shall
+
be
doing结构来代替will
/
shall
+
动词原形，以表示生动。
?I'll
be
seeing
a
friend
off
at
the
airport.我要去机场给一个朋友送行。
?He'll
be
going
with
us
tomorrow.他明天和我们一起去。
②表示将要反复发生的动作
?My
uncle
will
come
to
see
me
every
Saturday.我叔叔每个星期六都会来看我。
?The
students
will
have
five
English
classes
per
week
this
term.本学期学生们每周要上五节英语课。
③表示同意或答应做某事
?That
bag
looks
heavy.
I'll
help
you
with
it.这个包看起来很重，我来帮你提。
?I
won't
tell
anyone
what
happened,
I
promise.我保证不告诉别人所发生的事。
2.
一般将来时的常用结构
①用于“I
expect,
I'm
sure,
I
think,
I
wonder
+
宾语从句”中
?Don't
worry
about
the
exam.
I'm
sure
you'll
pass.
不要担心这次考试，我确信你会通过的。
?I
wonder
what
will
happen.我不知道将会发生什么事。
②用于“祈使句
+
and
+
陈述句”中
?Work
hard
and
you
will
succeed.如果你努力，就会成功的。
?Go
at
once
and
you
will
see
her.马上去，你就会见到她了。
③与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用
?I'll
let
you
know
as
soon
as
he
arrives.他一到我就通知你。
?If
you
ask
him,
he
will
help
you.如果你请他，他会帮助你的。
?We
shall
go
unless
it
rains.除非下雨，否则我们是要去的。
3.
将来时间的其他表达法
①be
going
to
+
动词原形
?I'm
going
to
buy
a
new
coat
this
winter.今年冬天我打算买一件新大衣。
?Look
at
those
black
clouds.
It
is
going
to
rain.
瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。
?The
car
is
going
to
turn
over.汽车要翻了！
比较：
“be
going
to
+
动词原形”与“will
/
shall
+
动词原形”的区别
a.
be
going
to通常表示很快就要发生的事，而will/shall既可表示不久的将来，也可表示长远的将来或不确定的将来。
?She
is
going
to
get
better.
她的病要好了。（有恢复健康的迹象）
?She
will
get
better.
她的病会好的。（认为最终会恢复健康的）
b.
will表示将来，通常是指事先无计划的意图，是临时决定的；
be
going
to则表示事先有计划的意图，是经过考虑的。
?—
George
phoned
while
you
were
out.你外出的时候乔治打电话来的。
—
Ok.
I'll
phone
him
back.好的，我给他回电话。（临时决定）
?—
Matthew
phoned
while
you
were
out.你外出的时候马修打电话来了。
—Yes,
I
know.
I'm
going
to
phone
him
back.是的，我知道了。我准备给他回电话。（早有安排）
c.
表示有迹象显示将要发生某一动作时，要用be
going
to，不用will或shall。
?I
feel
terrible.
I
think
I'm
going
to
be
sick.
我觉得不舒服，我想我要生病了。
d.
be
going
to
可用于条件句，表示将来时间，will则不能。
?If
you
are
going
to
attend
the
meeting,
you'd
better
leave
now.
如果你要出席会议，你最好现在就动身。
②be
+
动词的-ing形式
“be
+
动词的-ing形式”表示根据现在的计划或安排，预期将会发生某事，这种安排不容随意改变。在这一结构中，动词-ing形式通常是表示位置转移的动词，如arrive,
come,
go,
leave,
move,
start,
stay,
get
以及eat,
meet,
see
off,
die等，并与表示将来的时间状语连用。如果没有时间状语，则所表示的动作有即将发生之意。
?He
is
leaving
for
Xinjiang
in
a
few
days.
他几天后要动身去x疆。
?I
am
dining
out
tonight.今晚我将出去吃饭。
?The
plane
is
taking
off
soon.
飞机马上就要起飞了。
?The
old
man
is
dying.
那位老人快要死了。
比较：
“be
+
动词的-ing形式”和“be
going
to
+
动词原形”的异同
a.
表示按计划发生的动作时，两者可互换。
?We
are
moving
to
a
new
flat
tomorrow.
我们明天就要搬到新房子里去了。
?We
are
going
to
move
to
a
new
flat
tomorrow.
我们明天就要搬到新房子里去了。
b.
表示由于客观因素而产生的将来动作或状态时，用be
going
to结构，不用be
+
动词的-ing形式。
?You
are
going
to
fall
if
you
climb
that
tree.
如果你爬树的话，你会摔下来的。（不可说
You
are
falling
if
...）
?Be
careful.
You
are
going
to
break
that
chair.
当心！你会把那张椅子弄坏的。（不可说
You
are
breaking
that
chair）
③
be
+
动词不定式
这一结构中的be，只有现在式
(am,
is,
are)
和过去式
(was,
were)
两种形式。
a.
表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作
?The
highway
is
to
be
open
to
traffic
in
May.这条公路将在五月份通车。
?Am
I
to
take
over
his
work?我是不是要接管他的工作？
b.
用于条件句中强调按计划或安排将要发生的动作
?If
we
are
to
take
the
5:00
train,
we
must
leave
now.
如果我们乘坐5点的火车的话，那我们现在就得出发。
c.
表示命令或吩咐等。否定形式常表示“禁止”或“不许”。
?You
are
to
be
back
before
10
p.m..你必须在10点前回来。
?You
are
not
to
go
out
alone
at
night.晚上你不能单独出去。
比较：
“be
+
动词不定式”与“be
going
to+
动词原形”的区别
a.
“be
going
to+
动词原形”侧重说话人个人的意图和打算，“be
+
动词不定式”侧重受别人的指示或安排要做的事。
?I'm
going
to
try
my
best
to
write
this
article
well.
我将尽力把这篇文章写好。
?Am
I
to
wait
here
till
their
arrival?我要在这儿一直等到他们抵达吗？
b.
表示由于客观因素或不受人控制的将要发生的动作时，只用“be
going
to+
动词原形”，不用“be
+
动词
不定式”。
?It's
going
to
rain.天要下雨了。（不说It's
to
rain.）
?Rachel
is
going
to
faint.雷切尔要晕倒了。
四、一般过去将来时
一般过去将来时的用法
一般过去将来时间的出发点是过去，即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作和状态。
a.
一般过去将来时常用于间接引语中
?He
said
they
would
arrange
a
party.他说他们将安排一个晚会。
?I
asked
if
he
would
come
and
fix
my
TV
set.
我问他是否来帮我修电视机。
b.
一般过去将来时可用来表示非真实的动作或状态
?If
I
had
a
chance
to
study
abroad,
I
would
study
at
Cambridge
University.
如果我有机会出国学习的话，我就会去剑桥大学。
?I
wish
he
would
go
with
me
to
the
cinema
tonight.
今晚他能和我一起去看电影就好了。
1.（2020·江苏卷·单项填空）
If
you
look
at
all
sides
of
the
situation,
you’ll
find
probably
a
solution
that
______
everyone.
A.
suit
B.
suited
C.
suits
D.
has
suited
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是a
solution，从句谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故选C。
2.
（2018·新课标卷I·语法填空）While
running
regularly
can’t
make
you
live
forever,
the
review
says
it
64
(be)
more
effective
at
lengthening
life
65（than）
walking,
cycling
or
swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。
3.
（2017·新课标卷II·短文改错）When
summer
came,
they
will
invite
their
students
pick
the
vegetables！
【答案】将came改为comes
【解析】考查时态。主句是是一般将来时，且本文全篇为一般现在时，故将came改为comes。
【巧学妙记】
一般现在时用法口诀用好一般现在时，时间状语需牢记。基本用法要记清，动作习惯经常性。客观真理和能力，有时还表将来时。谓语若为行为动，形式还要主语定。主语人称是三单，动词要把-s/-es添。句中若把助动用，谓语动词用原形。
4.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）A
few
months
after
he
had
arrived
in
China,
Mr.
Smith
___________
in
love
with
the
people
and
culture
there.
A.
would
fall
B.
had
fallen
C.
has
fallen
D.
fell
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had
arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。
【答案】D
5.（2018·北京卷·单项填空）
—Hi,
I’m
Peter.
Are
you
new
here?
I
haven’t
seen
you
around?
—Hello,
Peter.
I’m
Bob.
I
just
_________
on
Monday.
A.
start
B.
have
started
C.
started
D.
had
started
【解析】考查时态。句意：——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。——你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。
【答案】C
6.（2018·新课标I卷·单项填空）During
my
last
winter
holiday,
I
went
to
（加the）countryside
with
my
father
to
visit
my
grandparents.
I
find
a
big
change
there.
【答案】find改成found　
【解析】考查动词时态。根据文章中的During
my
last
winter
holiday可知，事件发生在过去，故用一个过去时。故将find改成found。
【巧学妙记】
一般过去时用法口诀动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事。句中动词用过去式，过去时间作标记。否定句，很简单，谓语动词前didn’t添。疑问构成也有法，主语前面Did加。还有一点不能忘，后面动词要还原。
7.（2017·新课标卷I·短文改错）Before
getting
into
the
car,
I
thought
I
had
learned
the
instructor’s
orders,
so（改为but/yet）
once
I
started
the
car,
my
mind
goes
blank,
I
forgot
what
he
had
said
to
me
altogether.
【答案】goes改为went
【解析】考查时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时，故将goes改为went。
进行时表示动作正在进行，这个动作是暂时的，也是未完成的。进行时包括现在进行时、过去进行时和将来进行时。
一、现在进行时
1.
现在进行时的用法
①现在进行时的基本用法
a.
表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作
通常由表示“此刻”的时间状语（now,
at
this
moment），或通过Look/Listen!这两个提示语来表明此时此刻动作正在进行。
?She
is
making
a
fire
now.她正在生火。
?Listen!
Mary
is
singing
an
English
song
in
the
classroom.听！玛丽正在教室里唱英文歌。
b.表示现在时间段中正在进行的动作
?They
are
planting
trees
on
the
hill
these
days.这几天他们正在山上种树。
?I
don't
really
work
here;
I
am
just
helping
out
until
the
new
secretary
arrives.
我并不在这儿工作，我只是在新秘书来之前帮帮忙罢了。
c.
表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作
能这样用的动词并不多，通常是arrive,
begin,
come,
do,
drive,
fly,
go,
leave,
stay
等表示位置转移的动词。这种用法比较生动，给人以一种期待感。
?Jane
and
Betty
are
going
on
holiday
in
a
few
days.几天后简和贝蒂将出去度假。
?Where
are
you
staying
in
Guangzhou?你到广州后准备住在哪里？
②现在进行时的特殊用法
a.表示一种重复的动作，带有“厌恶”、“赞叹”等感彩
现在进行时往往与constantly,
always,
forever等状语连用，给现在的动作披上一层感彩。
?She's
constantly
complaining.她不停地抱怨。
?My
brother
is
always
leaving
things
about.我弟弟总是乱丢东西。
?He
is
forever
thinking
of
doing
more
for
the
students.他总是想着为学生多做些事情。
b.
表示某一具体动作或心理状态的发展过程
?The
house
is
falling
down.房子正在倒下。
?The
weather
is
changing
for
the
better.天气慢慢转好了
c.
强调动作的重复
?The
train
is
arriving
late
almost
every
day
this
summer.
这个夏季火车几乎天天晚点。
?Someone
is
knocking
at
the
door.有人不断地在敲门。
?The
boy
is
jumping
with
joy.那男孩高兴地跳个不停。
2．不用进行时态的动词
①表示状态的动词
这类动词有seem,
look,
appear,
have,
belong
to,
own,
hold等。
?This
backpack
belongs
to
me.这背包是我的。
?He
seems
rather
angry
with
you.看起来他很生你的气。
②表示知道、信念、理解、推测、怀疑、希望等含义的动词
这类动词有know,
remember,
understand,
see,
think,
believe,
suppose,
hope,
doubt等。
?I
don't
think
he
will
come
tomorrow.我想他明天不会来。
?I
still
remember
the
days
when
we
studied
together.
我还记得我们一起学习的那些日子。
提示：
有时这些动词的进行时态可表示心理状态的缓慢发展过程。
?She's
understanding
you
better
now.她越来越了解你了。
③表示要求、心愿等意义的动词
这类动词有want,
wish,
need,
desire等。
?Your
clothes
need
washing.你的衣服需要洗了。
?How
I
wish
I
were
a
bird！我多希望我是一只鸟啊！
④表示继续或持续含义的动词
这类动词有continue,
keep,
last,
go
on等。
?She
still
continues
in
poor
health.她仍然身体很差。
?Every
day
after
finishing
his
homework,
he
goes
on
to
do
some
reading.
他每天做完作业后，都会继续看会儿书。
⑤表示感觉的动词
这类动词有see,
hear,
smell,
taste,
feel等。
?The
apples
taste
good.这些苹果尝起来不错。
?This
flower
smells
nice.这花闻上去很香。
?Your
suggestion
sounds
reasonable.你的建议听上去有道理。
注意：
如果这些动词表示一种有意识的行为，则可用进行时态。
?She
is
tasting
the
apple.她正在尝苹果。
?The
dog
is
smelling
the
footprints.狗正在嗅脚印。
?The
bell
is
sounding
for
dinner.晚饭铃响了。
【易混辨析】
现在进行时和一般现在时的比较
a.
暂时性动作和经常性动作
?The
computer
is
working
perfectly.计算机运转得很好。（暂时）
?The
computer
works
perfectly.计算机运转很好。（一直如此）
b.
持续性动作和短暂性动作
?The
bus
is
stopping.车停了下来。（渐渐地）
?The
bus
stops.
车停了。（迅速）
c.
暂时性动作和永久性动作
?She
is
living
in
the
country.她现在住在农村。（暂时）
?She
lives
in
the
country.她住在农村。（永久）
d.
有感彩和没有感彩
?He
is
doing
well
at
school.他在学校表现很好。（赞扬）
?He
does
well
at
school.他在学校表现很好。（一般事实）
二、过去进行时
过去进行时的基本用法
a.表示在过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或该动作与过去的另一动作同时发生
?I
was
having
supper
at
7:00
yesterday
evening.
昨天晚上7点我正在吃晚饭。
?She
was
playing
the
piano
while
I
was
reading
the
newspaper.
她弹钢琴时我在看报。
提示：
当句子意思很清楚时，我们也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时。
?We
listened
closely
while
the
teacher
read
the
text.
老师读课文时，我们都仔细地听着。
b.表示过去一段时间内正在进行的动作
?We
were
talking
about
you
the
whole
morning.
我们整个上午都在说你。
?He
was
watching
TV
at
home
from
3:00
to
5:00
yesterday
afternoon.
昨天下午从3点到5点他一直在看电视。
c.
表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事
?He
told
me
that
he
was
going
soon.
他告诉我他很快就要走了。
?She
said
she
was
leaving
for
New
York
the
next
month.
她说她下个月动身去纽约。
【易混辨析】
过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
①一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。
?She
wrote
a
letter
to
her
friend
last
night.
她昨晚给朋友写了封信。（信写完了）
?She
was
writing
a
letter
to
her
friend
last
night.
她昨晚一直在给朋友写信。（信不一定写完）
②一般过去时表示只做一次动作，而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。
?She
waved
to
me.她朝我挥了挥手。
?She
was
waving
to
me.她不断地朝我挥手。
?The
boy
jumped
up
and
down.这男孩跳了一下。
?The
boy
was
jumping
up
and
down.这男孩不停地跳着。
三、将来进行时
1.
将来进行时的基本用法
a.
表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作
?I'll
be
taking
my
holiday
soon.我不久就去度假了。
?They
will
be
meeting
us
at
the
station.他们会在车站接我们的。
b.
在口语中代替will/shall
do
?I
hope
you
will
be
coming
on
time.
我希望你按时来。
?I'll
be
seeing
Mr.
Smith
tomorrow.我明天将见到史密斯先生。
?The
minister
will
be
giving
a
speech
on
international
affairs.
部长将就国际事务发表演讲。
2.
将来进行时的特殊用法
a.
表示原因、结果或猜测
?Please
come
tomorrow
afternoon.
Tomorrow
morning
I'll
be
having
a
meeting.
请你明天下午来吧。我明天上午有个会。（表原因）
?Stop
the
child
or
he
will
be
falling
over.
抓住那个孩子，要不他会掉下去的。（表结果）
?You
will
be
making
a
mistake.你会出错的。（表推测）
b.
用在问句中，表示委婉礼貌
?Will
you
be
reading
anything
else?
你还要看点儿什么吗？
?When
shall
we
be
meeting
again?
我们什么时候再见面？
c.
表示稍后一点儿的安排
?The
students
aer
studying
Unit
3
this
week,
and
next
week
we'll
be
studying
Unit
4.
这星期我们学第三单元，下周我们将学第四单元。
?My
duties
will
end
in
July
and
I
will
be
returning
to
Shanghai.
我的任务在7月结束，之后我会回上海。
1.
(2018·天津卷·单项填空)My
washing
machine
___________this
week,
so
I
have
to
wash
my
clothes
by
hand.
A.
was
repaired
B.
is
repaired
C.
is
being
repaired
D.
has
been
repaired
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so
I
have
to
wash
my
clothes
by
hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。
2.（2018·北京卷·单项填空）Susan
had
quit
her
well-paid
job
and
_________
as
a
volunteer
in
the
neighborhood
when
I
visited
her
last
year.
A.
is
working
B.
was
working
C.
has
worked
D.
had
worked
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：Susan已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做志愿者。Susan辞职发生在她当志愿者之前，had
quit是过去完成时态，过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过去的过去”，且结合时间状语when
I
visited
her
last
year可知，Susan做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况，故该空应用过去进行时态。B选项正确。
3.
（2016·北京卷·单项填空）Jack
___________
in
the
lab
when
the
power
cut
occurred.
A.
works
B.
has
worked
C.
was
working
D.
would
work
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。根据occurred可知，这里指过去某时刻正在发生的事情，断电时，杰克正在工作，要用过去进行时，故选C。
4.（2017·江苏卷·单项填空）
He
hurried
home,
never
once
looking
back
to
see
if
he
____________.
A.
was
being
followed
B.
was
following
C.
had
been
followed
D.
followed
【答案】
A
【解析】考查宾语从句和时态。分析句子成分可知，he和follow是被动关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B、D；根据句意＂在匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否正被跟踪＂，故用过去进行时最合适，故选A。
5.Jane
can’t
attend
the
meeting
at
3
o’clock
this
afternoon
because
she
___________
a
class
at
that
time.
A.
will
teach
B.
would
teach
C.
has
taught
D.
will
be
teaching
【答案】D
【解析】句意：简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为她那个时候在一个班上课。根据句中的时间状语at
that
time指代at
3
o’clock
this
afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事，要用将来完成时。故选D。
【名师点睛】本题考查时态。将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。分析此题需抓住时间状语以及that
time所代指的时间，再联系所学将来进行时所应用的范围及句意可以选出正确的答案。
完成时是用来表示动作的完成与未完成的情况。完成时包括现在完成时、过去完成时和将来完成时。
一、现在完成时
1.
现在完成时的用法
①表示结果的现在完成时
现在完成时着眼于过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。这是现在完成时的“已完成”用法，表示动作或过程发生在说话之前就已完成，并与现在有联系。这种联系实际上就是“过去的动作”对现在的影响或产生的结果。
?I
have
bought
a
pen.
我买了一支笔。（结果：I
have
a
pen
now.）
?The
temperature
has
increased
by
10℃.
温度上升了10摄氏度。（结果：It
is
quite
hot
now.）
?Air
pollution
has
taken
the
lives
of
many
people.
空气污染已经夺去了很多人的生命。（结果：Air
pollution
is
very
serious
now.）
注意：
现在完成时的上下文所指的时态必须呼应。
【误】I
have
bought
a
pen
but
I
have
lost
it
now.（have
bought表示你现在已经有笔了，这和后面的have
lost有矛盾）
【正】I
bought
a
pen
but
I
have
lost
it
now.
我（过去）买了一支笔，但我已经把它丢了。
【误】I
have
lost
my
pen
but
I
have
found
it
now.（have
lost强调你现在已经没有笔了，与后面have
found的意思有冲突）
【正】I
lost
my
pen
but
I
have
found
it
now.
我丢了一支笔，但现在已经找到了。
②表示经历的现在完成时：强调过去某一时刻到说话时这段时间中的经历。
?Have
you
ever
been
to
the
Great
Wall?你去过长城吗？
?I
have
visited
Beijing
at
least
ten
times.北京我至少访问过十次了。
?She
has
never
spent
a
holiday
at
the
seaside.她从未到海滨度过假。
③表示延续的现在完成时
这是现在完成时的“未完成”用法，表示一个动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能要继续下去。
?He's
loved
fishing
for
a
long
time.他爱好钓鱼为时已久。（他现在仍爱好钓鱼）
?I
have
lived
here
for
more
than
thirty
years.
我已在这儿住了三十多年了。（也许还会继续住下去）
注意：
现在完成时的“未完成”用法既可用于动态动词（主要是持续动词），也可用于状态动词，但它一般不适用于表示短暂动作或位置转移的动词，如：open,
break,
go,
come,
arrive,
leave等。如用这类动词表示“未完成”，通常只限于否定结构。
?I
haven't
seen
a
film
for
weeks.我已经好几个星期没看电影了。
?She
hasn't
written
to
me
since
September.自从9月份以来她还没给我写过信呢。
2.
现在完成时的时间状语
①与现在完成时“已完成”用法连用的时间状语
现在完成时表示的动作或状态发生在现在时间以前的某个未明确指出的过去时间内，和它连用的时间状语要与现在时间有关，不能是明确地表示过去的时间状语。
a.
不确定的过去时间状语：already,
yet,
before,
recently,
lately等
?I've
seen
the
film
before.我以前看过这部电影。
?Have
you
been
there
lately?近来你去过那里吗?
b.
频度时间状语：often,
sometimes,
ever,
never,
once,
rarely
等
?We
have
never
heard
of
that.我们从未听说过这事。
?He
has
sometimes
played
tennis.他有时打网球。
?Big
Ben
has
rarely
gone
wrong.大本钟很少出差错。
c.
包含现在时间在内的时间状语：now,
just,
today,
this
morning,
this
week,
this
year等
?I
have
just
finished
the
letter
now.我现在刚写完信。
?You
have
just
missed
the
bus.你刚好错过公共汽车。
?Has
he
done
much
work
today?他今天做了很多工作吗？
比较：already和yet用法上的区别
already常用于肯定句，置于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，置于句末。但already有时也可用在疑问句中暗示惊讶的心情。
?She
has
already
gone.她早就走了。
?Have
you
eaten
your
dinner
already?你已经吃过饭了?
?He
has
not
come
yet.他还没有来。
②与现在完成时“未完成”用法连用的时间状语
与“已完成”用法一样，表示具体的过去的时间状语不能与“未完成”用法连用。与其连用的往往是指一段时间的状语以具体表示某一动作或状态持续了多久。
a.
since
+
具体时间，表示动作或状态从何时开始
?Since
then,
he
has
developed
another
bad
habit.
自那以后他养成了另一个坏习惯。
?He
hasn't
been
home
since
he
graduated.
他毕业后就没回过家。
b.
for
+
一段时间，表示动作或状态持续了多久
?We
have
worked
here
for
ages.我们在这里工作很久了。
?There
has
been
no
rain
here
for
nearly
two
months.
这里已经近两个月没有下雨了。
c.
until
now,
up
till
now,
so
far,
up
to
the
moment到目前为止
?I
have
not
seen
him
so
far.到目前为止我没见过他。
?Up
to
the
present,
everything
has
been
OK.到目前为止一切正常。
d.
in/during
the
past/last
five
years在刚刚过去的5年里
?He
has
been
away
from
school
during
the
last
few
weeks.
过去的几个星期里他没在学校。
?In
the
past
few
years
they
have
dealt
with
quite
a
few
international
corporations
successfully.
在过去的几年中他们已经和好几家跨国公司做成了生意。
e.
all
the
while,
all
day
一直，一整天
?She
has
been
busy
all
day.
她忙了一整天。
【易混辨析】
现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
①两者都可表示过去发生过的动作，但前者表示的是过去的动作对现在的影响，而后者则只是表示过去有
这一动作的事实。
?He
locked
the
door.他锁过门。（但现在门是开是锁不清楚。）
?He
has
locked
the
door.他把门锁上了。（现在门是锁着的。）
?Who
turned
on
the
light?谁开的灯？（着眼开灯的动作，不管现在灯是开是关。）
?Who
has
turned
on
the
light?谁把灯打开了？（着眼开灯的结果，即现在灯还亮着。）
②两者都可表示过去开始并延续了一段时间的动作，现在完成时表示该动作仍在继续，而一般过去时则说
明该动作现已终止。
?He
has
lived
in
Beijing
for
four
years.
他在北京住了四年了。（现在仍住那儿）
?He
lived
in
Beijing
for
four
years.
他曾在北京住了四年。（现在不住那儿了）
二、
过去完成时
过去完成时的动作须在过去某一时间之前发生，即发生在“过去的过去”。
1.
过去完成时的用法
①“已完成”用法
表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。句中常用by引导的时间状语或以
before,
until,
when,
than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。
?By
5:00
yesterday
morning
we
had
done
that
work.到昨天早上5点钟时，我们已经做完了那件工作。
?He
had
just
finished
sweeping
the
classroom
when
the
teacher
returned
from
the
office.
老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。
?They
came
earlier
than
we
had
expected.
他们到得比我们预料的要早。
?I
had
learnt
5000
words
before
I
entered
the
university.
我在进大学之前就已学了5000个单词。
?It
rained
yesterday
after
it
had
been
dry
for
many
months.
旱了好几个月之后，昨天下雨了。
注意：
在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
?The
train
(had)
started
before
I
reached
the
station.
在我到达车站之前，列车已经开了。
?After
he
(had)
arrived
in
England,
Marx
worked
hard
to
improve
his
English.
马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。
②“未完成”用法
表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就已开始，一直持续到这一过去时间，还可能再持续下去。
?Up
to
that
time
all
had
gone
well.直到那时一切都很顺利。
?John
and
Jane
had
known
each
other
for
a
long
time
before
their
marriage.
约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。
?She
said
she
had
made
much
progress
since
she
came
here.
她说自从她到这儿后已取得了很大的进步。
③“想象性”用法
过去完成时有时表示一种未实现的愿望或想法，主要用在if引导的和过去事实相反的条件句以及wish,
as
if引导的从句中。
?If
she
had
worked
hard,
she
would
have
succeeded.
要是她努力的话，她就会成功了。（事实上她没努力，也没成功。）
?I
wish
I
had
gone
with
you
to
the
concert.
我要是和你一起去音乐会就好了。
?The
two
strangers
talked
as
if
they
had
been
good
friends
for
many
years.
那两个陌生人交谈起来就像是多年的老朋友。
④表示“刚刚……就……”
过去完成时常用在hardly/scarcely/barely
...
when...,
no
sooner
...
than
...
等结构中，表示“刚刚……就……”。
?Hardly
had
he
begun
to
speak
when
the
audience
interrupted
him.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
?No
sooner
had
he
arrived
than
he
went
away
again.
他刚到就又走了。
注意：
intend,
mean,
hope,
want,
plan,
suppose,
expect,
think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。
?I
had
meant
to
come,
but
something
happened.我原本打算来的，但有事发生了。
?I
had
intended
to
call
on
you,
but
was
prevented
from
doing
so.我本打算去看你的，但没能去成。
2.
过去完成时与一般过去时的比较
一般过去时表示过去时间的动作或状态。过去完成时表示的动作或状态发生在一般过去时表示的动作或状态之前，因此它表示的是“比过去更过去”。
?I
returned
the
book
that
I
had
borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。
?He
didn't
know
a
thing
about
the
verb,
for
he
had
not
studied
his
lessons.
他对动词一无所知，因为他没有好好学习功课。
?I
had
been
at
the
bus
stop
for
20
minutes
when
a
bus
finally
came.
我在车站等了20分钟车才来。
三、将来完成时
将来完成时的用法
①表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。
?We
shall
have
learned
12
units
by
the
end
of
this
term.
到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。
?By
the
time
you
get
home
I
will
have
cleaned
the
house
from
top
to
bottom.
你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。
?Will
you
soon
have
finished
laying
the
table?
你会很快摆放好餐桌吗？
注意：
在时间状语从句中，不用将来完成时，要用现在完成时来代替。
?When
I
have
finished
that,
I
shall
have
done
all
I
am
supposed
to
do.
等我做完这件事时，我就做完我该做的所有的事了。
?Please
don't
get
off
the
bus
until
it
has
stopped.
请待车停稳了再下车。
②表示推测
?You
will
have
heard
of
this,
I
guess.
我想你已经听说过这件事了。
?I
am
sure
he
will
have
got
the
information.
我相信他一定得到了这个信息。
四、完成进行时
完成进行时是完成时和进行时的结合，包括现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。
1.
现在完成进行时的用法
①表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在
现在完成进行时常和all
this
time,
this
week,
this
month,
all
night,
all
the
morning,
recently等状语以及since和for引导的状语连用。
?I
have
been
reading
Hemingway's
Farewell
to
Arms
recently.
我最近一直在读海明威的《永别了，武器》。
?She
has
been
reciting
the
words
all
the
morning.
她整个上午都在背单词。
?This
is
what
I
have
been
expecting
since
my
childhood.
这是我从小以来就一直期待着的事情。
②表示动作刚刚结束
?My
clothes
are
all
wet.
I've
been
working
in
the
rain.
我的衣服全湿了，我刚才一直在雨中干活。
?He
is
dead
drunk.
He's
been
drinking
with
his
friends.
他烂醉如泥，他刚才一直在和朋友们喝酒。
③表示一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作
?You've
been
saying
that
for
five
years.
这话你已经说了五年了。
?He
has
been
writing
articles
to
the
newspapers
and
magazines
since
he
became
a
teacher.
自从任教以来，他一直在为报刊杂志撰稿。
④表达较重的感彩
?What
have
you
been
doing
to
my
dictionary?
看你把我的字典弄成什么样子了！
?Time
has
been
flying
so
quickly!
时间过得可真快啊！
?Too
much
has
been
happening
today.
今天可真是个多事的日子。
【易混辨析】
现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较
①现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。
?Have
you
been
meeting
him
recently?
你最近常和他见面吗？
?Have
you
met
him
recently?你最近见到过他吗？
②现在完成进行时有时含有感彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。
?I
have
been
waiting
for
you
for
two
hours.
我一直等了你两个小时。（可能表示不满）
?I
have
waited
for
you
for
two
hours.
我等了你两个小时。（说明一个事实）
③现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果。
?Who
has
been
eating
the
oranges?
谁一直在吃这些桔子呀？（还剩余一些）
?Who
has
eaten
the
oranges?
谁把桔子吃光了？（强调吃得一个不剩）
2.
过去完成进行时
①表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作
过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。
?I
had
been
looking
for
it
for
days
before
I
found
it.这东西我找了好多天才找着的。
?They
had
only
been
waiting
for
the
bus
a
few
moments
when
it
came.他们只等了一会儿车就来了。
②表示反复的动作
?He
had
been
mentioning
your
name
to
me.他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
?You
had
been
giving
me
everything.你对我真是有求必应。
③过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中（详见第12章）
?The
doctor
asked
what
he
had
been
eating.
医生问他吃了什么。
?I
asked
where
they
had
been
staying
all
those
days.
我问他们那些天是待在哪儿的。
④过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”之意的when
分句
?I
had
only
been
reading
a
few
minutes
when
he
came
in.
我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。
?She'd
only
been
reviewing
her
lessons
for
a
short
while
when
her
little
sister
interrupted
her.
她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。
1.（2020·江苏卷·单项填空）.
26.
Instead
of
getting
down
to
a
new
task
as
I
_____,
he
examined
the
previous
work
again.
A.
had
expected
B.
have
expected
C.
would
expect
D.
expect
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:他没有像我所期望的那样着手做新工作，而是又检查了一遍以前的工作。此处描述的动作发生在examined之前，属于“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。故选A。
2.（2020·天津二卷·单项填空）
—You
are
a
great
swimmer.
—Thanks.
It’s
because
I
______
a
lot
these
days.
A.
have
been
practising
B.
was
practising
C.
would
practise
D.
had
practised
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意:-你游泳很棒。-谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状语these
days(这些天)可知，“练习游泳”从数天前开始，一直持续到现在，因此该句应用现在完成进行时态。故选A。
3.（2020·天津一卷·单项填空）.—The
machine
is
working
again！
—Yes,
it
broke
down
yesterday,
but
it___________.
A.
has
been
fixed
B.
is
being
fixed
C.
had
been
fixed
D.
would
be
fixed
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：机器又运转了！是的，昨天机器出故障了，但已经被修好了。通过分析语境可知，此处使用现在完成时，表示截至目前已经完成的动作。故选A项。
4.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）They
are
trying
to
make
sure
that
5G
terminals_________
by
2022
for
the
Beijing
Winer
Olympics.
A.
will
install
B.
will
have
been
installed
C.
are
installed
D.
have
been
installed
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选B。
【答案】B
5.（2018·北京卷·单项填空）A
rescue
worker
risked
his
life
saving
two
tourists
who
_________
in
the
mountains
for
two
days.
A.
are
trapping
B.
have
been
trapped
C.
were
trapping
D.
had
been
trapped
【答案】D
【解析】考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who
___
in
the
mountains
for
two
days”是定语从句，修饰two
tourists，two
tourists和trap之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。综上，D选项正确。
6.（2018·北京卷·单项填空）China’s
high-speed
railways
_________
from
9,000
to
25,000
kilometers
in
the
past
few
years.
A.
are
growing
B.
have
grown
C.
will
grow
D.
had
grown
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in
the
past
few
years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在完成时态。B选项正确。
7.（2016·北京卷﹒单项填空）—Excuse
me,
which
movie
are
you
waiting
for?
—The
new
Star
Wars.
We
____________
here
for
more
than
two
hours.
A.
waited
B.
wait
C.
would
be
waiting
D.
have
been
waiting
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意：——打扰了，你们在等哪一部电影？——《星球大战》，我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。＂for+时间段＂与完成时连用，根据语境可知，说话的时候仍然在等，因此用现在完成进行时，故选D。
【名师点睛】英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定，因此在学习英语时态时，要注意分析动词形式及具体语境，想象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景，这个动作是经常性动作、一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要发生的动作。现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直进行可能还要继续进行的动作。
8.（2016·江苏卷﹒单项填空）Dashan,
who
____________
crosstalk,
the
Chinese
comedic
tradition,
for
decades,
wants
to
mix
it
up
with
the
Western
stand-up
tradition.
A.
will
be
learning
B.
is
learning
C.
had
been
learning
D.
has
been
learning
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。本句的时间状语是＂for
decades几十年来＂，该时间状语通常和现在完成的有关时态连用，本句强调这几十年来大山一直努力把中国相声和西方的脱口秀相结合。所以使用现在完成进行时，强调动作的延续性和反复性。故D正确。
9.（2016?北京卷?单项填空）I
____________
half
of
the
English
novel,
and
I’ll
try
to
finish
it
at
the
weekend.
A.
read
B.
have
read
C.
am
reading
D.
will
read
【答案】
B
【解析】句意：我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半，周末会尽力把另一半看完。强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，要用现在完成时。＂看小说＂这一动作发生在过去，到目前为止看了一半，故用现在完成时，选B。
1.
有些动词如read,
write,
clean,
wash,
iron,
burn,
draw,
cook,
keep,
cut,
open,
blow,
peel,
sell,
act等用作不及物
动词且表示主语的某种属性时，常和副词well,
easily,
smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表示被动含义。
这些动词的主语一般是表物的词，且这些物往往具有某种内在的特点，这些句子的时态多用一般现在时
或一般将来时。如：
?This
pen
writes
smoothly.这笔写起来很流畅。
?The
cloth
washes
well.这种布料耐洗。
2．动词need,
require,
want,
be
worth后加v.?ing的主动结构表被动意义。
?My
watch
can’t
work;
it
needs
repairing.
我的手表不能用了，需要修了。
?This
film
is
really
worth
seeing.
这部电影的确值得看。
?The
book
is
worth
reading
again.
＝The
book
is
worthy
of
being
read
again.
＝The
book
is
worthy
to
be
read
again.
这本书值得再读一遍。
3.
在＂主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式＂句型中，形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的
逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。这样的形容词很多，常用的有：amusing,
cheap,
comfortable,
dangerous,
difficult,
easy,
fit,
hard,
important,
impossible,
interesting,
nice,
pleasant,
funny,
heavy,
light等。
?That
question
is
difficult
to
answer.那个问题不容易回答。
4.
动词不定式放于名词或代词之后作定语，不定式和名词之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，同时又和句中另一
名词或代词构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
?I
have
a
lot
of
things
to
do
this
afternoon.
今天下午我有许多事情要做。(to
do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)
?I'll
go
to
the
post
office.
Do
you
have
a
letter
to
post?
我要去邮局。你有信要寄吗？(post与主语you之间不存在主谓关系，只和前面letter构成动宾关系。)
As
time
went
on,
Einstein’s
theory
__________
to
be
correct.
A.
proved
B.
proves
C.
is
proved
D.
was
proved
【答案】
A
【解析】句意：随着时间的推移，爱因斯坦的理论证明是正确的。prove＂证明是＂，这里用作连系动词，要用主动形式表被动含义，故选A。
【巧学妙记】
主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀一般现、过用be
done，be有人称、时、数变。完成时态have
done，被动将been加中间。一般将来shall
(will)
do，被动变do为be
done。将来进行无被动，shall
(will)
be
doing。现在完成进行同，have
(has)
been
doing。现、过进行be
doing，被动be加being
done。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。一般情助加be
done，双宾多将间宾变。复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。注释：①＂be有人称、时、数变＂即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。②＂情助＂是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。③＂疑问一助置主前＂是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。
题组一
真题在线
1.（2018·北京卷·单项填空）
—Hi,
I’m
Peter.
Are
you
new
here?
I
haven’t
seen
you
around?
—Hello,
Peter.
I’m
Bob.
I
just
_________
on
Monday.
A.
start
B.
have
started
C.
started
D.
had
started
2.（2018·江苏卷·单项填空）
Hopefully?in?2025?we?will?no?longer?be?e-mailing?each?other,
for?we
_______
more
convenient
electronic
communication?tools?by?then.
A.
have
developed
B.
had?developed
C.
will?have?developed
D.
developed
3.（2017·新课标卷I·语法填空）Fast
food
___67___
(be)
full
of
fat
and
salt;
by
68
（eating）
(eat)
more
fast
food
people
will
get
more
salt
and
fat
than
they
need
in
their
diet.
4.（2017·新课标卷III·语法填空）Sarah
says,
＂My
dad
thinks
I
should
take
the
offer
now.
But
at
the
moment,
school
69
(come)
first.
I
don’t
want
to
get
too
absorbed
in
modeling.
5.（2017·北京卷·单项填空）
People______
better
access
to
health
care
than
they
used
to,and
they’re
living
longer
as
a
result.
A.
will
have
B.
have
C.
had
D.
had
had
6.（2017·江苏卷·单项填空）
He’s
been
informed
that
he
____________
for
the
scholarship
because
of
his
academic
background.
A.
hasn’t
qualified
B.
hadn’t
qualified
C.
doesn’t
qualify
D.
wasn’t
qualifying
7.（2017·新课标卷II·语法填空）Later,
engineers
___68___(manage)
to
construct
railways
in
a
system
of
deep
tunnels
(隧道）,
which
became
known
to
the
tube.
8.（2017·北京卷）—______
that
company
to
see
how
they
think
of
our
product
yesterday?
—Yes.
They
are
happy
with
it.
A.
Did
you
call
B.
Have
you
called
C.
Will
you
call
D.
Were
you
calling
9.（2017·北京卷·单项填空）In
the
1950s
in
the
USA,
most
families
had
just
one
phone
at
home,
and
wireless
phones
_______
yet.
A.
haven’t
invented
B.
haven’t
been
invented
C.
hadn’t
invented
D.
hadn’t
been
invented
10.（2017·新课标II卷改编）Around
100
people
_________（put
down）
a
$10,000
deposit
to
get
a
Transition
when
they
go
on
sale,
and
those
numbers
will
likely
rise
after
Terrafugia
introduces
the
Transition
to
the
public
later
this
week
at
the
New
York
Auto
Show.
11.（2017·新课标II卷改编）It
_________(white-paint)tunnels
and
bright
red
carriages,
and
proved
extremely
popular
with
the
public.
12.
（2017·新课标III卷改编）The
Intelligent
Transport
team
at
Newcastle
University
_________(turn)
an
electric
car
into
a
mobile
laboratory
named
＂DriveLAB＂
in
order
to
understand
the
challenges
faced
by
older
drivers
and
to
discover
where
the
key
stress
points
are.
13.（2017·新课标II卷·语法填空）Steam
engines
__65_(use)
to
pull
the
carriages
and
it
must
have
been（fairly）
(fair)unpleasant
for
the
passengers,
with
all
the
smoke
and
noise.
14.（2017·新课标
=
2
\
ROMAN
III卷·语法填空）Sarah
63
(tell)
that
she
could
be
Britain’s
new
supermodel
earning
a
million
dollars
in
the
next
year.
15.
(2016·北京)
Jack
________
in
the
lab
when
the
power
cut
occurred.
A.
works
B.
has
worked
C.
was
working
D.
would
work
16.
(2016·浙江卷·单项填空)
Silk
__________
one
of
the
primary
goods
traded
along
the
Silk
Road
by
about
100
BC.
A.
had
become
B.
was
becoming
C.
has
become
D.is
becoming
17.
(2016·天津卷·单项填空)
When
walking
down
the
street,
I
came
across
David,
when
I
_____
for
years.
A.
didn’t
see
B.
haven’t
seen
C.
hadn’t
seen
D.
wouldn’t
see
18.（2016·北京卷﹒单项填空）The
students
have
been
working
hard
on
their
lessons
and
their
efforts
____________
with
success
in
the
end.
A.
rewarded
B.
were
rewarded
C.
will
reward
D.
will
be
rewarded
19.（2016·江苏卷﹒单项填空）More
efforts,
as
reported,
____________
in
the
years
ahead
to
accelerate
the
supply-side
structural
reform.
A.
are
made
B.will
be
made
C.are
being
made
D.have
been
made
20.（2016·全国新课标卷I﹒语法填空）So
it
was
a
great
honour
to
be
invited
backstage
at
the
not-for-profit
Panda
Base,
where
ticket
money
helps
pay
for
research,
I
62
（allow）to
get
up
close
to
these
cute
animals
at
the
600-acre
centre.
21.（2016·上海卷﹒语法填空）In
recent
years,
stress
(33)
____________
(regard)
as
a
cause
of
a
whole
range
of
medical
problems,
from
high
blood
pressure
to
mental
illness.
22.（2016·四川卷﹒语法填空）The
giant
panda
41
(love)
by
people
throughout
the
world.
23.
(2015·浙江)
Albert
Einstein
was
born
in
1879.
As
a
child,
few
people
guessed
that
he
a
famous
scientist
whose
theories
would
change
the
world.
A.
has
been
B.
had
been
C.
was
going
to
be
D.
was
24.
(2015·湖南)
He
must
have
sensed
that
I
________
him.
He
suddenly
glanced
at
me
and
said
quietly,
"Why
are
you
staring
at
me
like
that?"
A.
would
look
at
B.
looked
at
C.
was
looking
at
D.
am
looking
at
25.
(2015·重庆卷·单项填空)
In
my
hometown,
there
is
always
a
harvest
supper
for
the
farmers
after
all
the
wheat_________
cut.
A.
will
have
been
B.
will
be
C.
was
D.
has
been
题组二
名校模拟
Ⅰ.
单句改错
1．I
like
these
poems
and
they
are
read
many
times
by
my
Chinese
teacher．
_________________________________________________
2．Stop
making
the
noise．A
news
report
has
been
broadcast
and
I
want
to
listen．
_________________________________________________
3．The
moment
I
got
to
the
station，I
found
the
train
left．
_________________________________________________
4．I
know
nothing
about
him．I
didn’t
see
him
since
we
graduated
from
college．
_________________________________________________
5．Sorry，no
tea
or
coffee
is
serving
in
our
restaurant．
_________________________________________________
6．Will
these
flowers
water
in
a
few
minutes?
_________________________________________________
7．The
old
machine
has
been
repaired
at
the
moment,
so
we
can’t
use
it
now．
_________________________________________________
8．No
decision
will
make
until
our
manager
comes
back．
_________________________________________________
9．You
have
worked
in
front
of
the
computer
too
long．You
must
take
a
break
now．
_________________________________________________
10．I
arrived
late．I
didn’t
expect
the
traffic
was
so
heavy．
_________________________________________________
Ⅱ.
语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Is
there
such
a
thing
as
being
＂over-protective＂?
I
can
honestly
say
that
my
answer
to
that
question
1
(change)
dramatically（戏剧性地）since
I
became
a
parent.
Before
the
birth
of
my
daughter,
I
taught
at
2
private
school,
often
viewing
my
students
as
over-protected,
worrying
3
would
happen
when
they
went
on
to
middle
schools.
Some
did
fine,
and
some
did
not.
Some
needed
constant
pats
on
the
back,
words
of
4
(encourage)
and
extra
support,
which
I
5
(happy)
gave.
Others
were
content
on
their
own,
needing
little
or
no
interaction（互动）with
their
teacher.
6
for
the
most
part,
graduates
would
go
on
for
higher
schooling.
I’d
always
supposed
their
parents
were
over-protective,
for
they
were
the
ones
that
still
walked
their
7
(five)
graders
into
the
classroom
and
met
them
at
the
school
gate.
Admittedly,
I
laughed
at
those
parents,
8
(think)
their
children
would
never
learn
to
be
9
(independence)
if
they
didn’t
let
go
just
a
little.
Then
I
had
my
own
daughter.
The
moment
I
looked
at
her
little
face,
I
10
(know)
I’d
do
everything
in
my
power
to
protect
her
and
make
sure
she
always
felt
safe!
Ⅲ.
短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.
每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last
Friday,
I
was
standing
near
a
subway
exit,
tried
to
call
a
taxi.
But
no
luck.
Then
I
thought
of
the
taxi-booking
app
my
friend
has
recommended
and
I
booked
a
taxi
through
my
cellphone.
Soon
it
came,
and
I
got
in
the
car,
feeling
pretty
proudly
of
my
high-tech
way
and
satisfied
with
the
convenience
brought
by
the
app.
So
later,
I
was
upset
to
find
that
the
driver
was
busy
looking
his
cellphone
to
get
the
next
order.
It
was
just
then
when
I
began
to
worry
about
my
safety.
What’s
bad,
the
driver’s
informations
might
be
unreliable.
How
can
we
passengers’
legal
rights
be
protecting
if
something
bad
happens?
So
be
careful
when
you
use
the
taxi-booking
app
the
next
time.
针对训练
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．(2014·安徽高考)The
twins，who
(finish)their
homework，were
allowed
to
play
badminton
on
the
playground.
2．(2014·北京高考)—Hi，let's
go
skating.
—Sorry，I'm
busy
right
now.I
(fill)in
an
application
form
for
a
new
job.
3．(2014·北京高考)
I
found
the
lecture
hard
to
follow
because
it
(start)when
I
arrived.
4．(2014·大纲全国卷)Unless
some
extra
money
(find)，the
theatre
will
close.
5．(2014·大纲全国卷)The
reports
went
missing
in
2012
and
nobody
(see)
them
since.
6．(2014·福建高考)—Haven't
seen
you
for
ages!
Where
have
you
been?
—I
went
to
Ningxia
and
(stay)
there
for
one
year，teaching
as
a
volunteer.
7．(2014·湖南高考)Since
the
time
humankind
started
gardening，we
(try)
to
make
our
environment
more
beautiful.
8．(2014·天津高考)We
won't
start
the
work
until
all
the
preparations
.
9．(2014·江苏高考)—How
much
do
you
know
about
the
Youth
Olympic
Games
to
be
held
in
Nanjing?
—Well，the
media
(cover)it
in
a
variety
of
forms.
10．(2014·江西高考)—Tony，why
are
your
eyes
red?
—
I
(cut)up
peppers
for
the
last
five
minutes.
Ⅱ.语篇填空
用所给提示词的适当形式填空，使短文合理，连贯
It
was
getting
dark
when
I
1.
(get)
home.It
was
cold
and
I
2.
(wear)
a
coat.I
walked
up
to
the
door
and
put
my
hand
into
my
pocket
to
take
out
the
key，but
I
couldn't
find
it.I
suddenly
remembered
that
I
3.
(leave)
it
on
my
desk
in
the
office.It
really
didn't
make
any
difference.
I
knew
my
wife
4.
(be)
at
home
and
the
children
must
have
come
back
from
school
by
now,
so
I
5.
(knock)
at
the
door.There
was
no
answer.I
6.
(continue)
knocking
at
the
door
for
some
time.I
7.
(get)
angry.Then
I
remembered
something
the
office
boy
8.
(tell)
me
at
noon.He
said
that
my
wife
9.
(phone)
saying
that
she
10.
(go)
shopping
in
the
afternoon
with
the
children.It
seemed
that
nothing
11.
(can
do)
and
I
12.
(shut)
out
of
my
house.
综合演练
语法填空
根据提示词用适当的时态和语态填空(不多于3个单词)使短文合理，连贯
Welcome
to
our
school.I'd
like
to
introduce
you
plans
for
our
school.We
1.
(do)
a
lot
of
work
in
the
past
few
years.The
library
has
been
completed
and
2.
(be)
ready
for
use.But
we
still
have
to
do
more
work.We
3.
(build)
a
new
biology
lab
this
year.But
we
4.
(not
have)
enough
money
for
the
equipment.Students
in
all
grades
5.
(collect)
money.
The
money
which
is
being
collected
will
6.
(spend)
on
new
equipment.At
present，we
7.
(make)
a
plan
for
a
party
at
the
end
of
the
term，at
which
our
students
8.
(give)wonderful
performances.
The
gardens
of
the
school
are
being
improved
this
year.New
trees
are
being
planted
which
9.
(give)
shade
soon
in
summer.The
whole
school
are
being
painted
during
the
summer
holidays.In
fact，our
school
10.
(become)
more
and
more
beautiful.
考点详解
考向1
一般时
考点详解
考向1
一般时
考向2
进行时
考向3
完成时
考向4
主动形式表示被动意义
检测训练