2021届高考二轮英语考点透析学案:解密07 非谓语动词 (学生版+教师版)

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名称 2021届高考二轮英语考点透析学案:解密07 非谓语动词 (学生版+教师版)
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解密07非谓语动词
【命题趋势】
非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一,它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同,而且还要格外注意其所表达的逻辑关系,这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。
近年来,高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出,所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有:现在分词和过去分词基础知识;现在分词和过去分词句法功能;现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析;现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成;现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。
另外,对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能;对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。
【名师指导】
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时,一定要解析句子结构,确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。非谓语题的解题总方法如下:
1.
先看四个答案:如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况,那么这个题多半
是非谓语动词题。
2.
看符号:中间有个逗号,末尾有个句号(有时中间没有逗号);
3.
看有没有连接词(引导词)。如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话,一部分是句子时,那么另一
部分就一定是非句子,而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。
4.
定语态:如果本句的主语(或动词自带的逻辑主语)与它是逻辑上的主谓关系,那么答案一般用现在分
词;如果本句的主语(或动词自带的逻辑主语)与它是逻辑上的动宾关系(被动关系),那么答案一般
用过去分词。
5.
定时态:如果非谓语的动作比谓语先(或先很久)发生,那么非谓语动词要用完成式(to
have
done/to
have
been
done/
having
done/
Having
been
done),否则我们要用非谓语的一般式(to
do
/
to
be
done
/
doing
/
being
done
/
done)。
一、动名词和不定式作主语
能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。二者的区别是:
表示某一具体的动作时,多用不定式;
表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的,多用动名词。
动名词作主语时通常位于句首;不定式作主语时常置于句末,用it
作形式主语放在句首。
?Smoking
is
prohibited(禁止)here.
(抽象)
?It
is
not
very
good
for
you
to
smoke
so
much.
(具体)
注意:
①如果表语是不定式,主语也是不定式;表语是动名词,主语也是动名词。如:
?To
see
is
to
believe.=Seeing
is
believing.
②常用动名词作主语的句型:
?It’s
no
use
complaining
without
taking
action.不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。
1.(2019﹒天津卷﹒单项填空)____________
to
think
critically
is
an
important
skill
today's
children
will
need
for
the
future.
A.
Learn
B.
Learned
C.
Learning
D.
Having
learned
【答案】C
【解析】考查动名词。句意:学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分,而过去分词、动词都不可以作主语。此处用动名词作主语,故选C。
2.(2018·北京卷·单项填空)_________
along
the
old
Silk
Road
is
an
interesting
and
rewarding
experience
A.
Travel
B.
Traveling
C.
Having
traveled
D.
Traveled
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查动名词。句意:沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____
along
the
old
Silk
Road”作主语,要用动名词,故B选项正确。
二、动名词和不定式作宾语
1.
下列动词只能用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀
决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。
decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;
refuse,manage,care,pretend;
offer,promise,choose,
plan;
agree,ask/beg,help。
此外,afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。
?She
pretended
not
to
see
me
when
I
passed
by.当我经过时,她假装没看见我。
2.
有些动词只能用动名词作宾语,巧记动词后跟动名词的口诀:?
避免错过少延期,?建议完成多练习,?
喜欢想象禁不住,承认否定与妒忌,?
逃脱冒险莫原谅,忍受保持不在意。??
avoid,
miss,
delay,??suggest,
finish,
practice,
enjoy,
imagine,
resist,
admit,
deny?,
envy,
?escape,
risk,
pardon,
?stand,
keep,
mind
?I
would
appreciate
your
calling
back
this
afternoon.
今天下午如果你能给我回电话,我将非常感激。
3.
注意区别下列动词后接不定式和动名词
①forget
to
do
sth.  忘记要去做某事(此事未做)
forget
doing
sth.  忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)
remember
to
do
sth.  记得去做某事(未做)
remember
doing
sth.  记得做过某事(已做)
②stop
to
do  停止(某件事),目的是去做另一件事
stop
doing  停止正在或经常做的事
go
on
to
do  继续(去做另外一件事情)
go
on
doing  继续(原先没有做完的事情)
③regret
to
do
sth.  对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事)
regret
doing
sth.  对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事)
④try
to
do  努力、企图做
try
doing  试验、试一试某种办法
⑤mean
to
do  (人)打算,有意要……
mean
doing  (物)意味着
⑥can't
help
(to)
do
sth.  不能帮助做某事
can't
help
doing
sth.  情不自禁做某事
1.(2020﹒山东卷﹒语法填空)As
well
as
looking
at
exhibits,
visitors
can
play
with
computer
simulations
(模拟)
and
imagine
42.themselves
(they)
living
at
a
different
time
in
history
or
43.
(walk)through
a
rainforest.
【答案】walking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分,共同做imagine的宾补,imagine
sb
doing
sth.
“想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
2.(2018·新课标I卷·语法填空)You
may
drink,
smoke,
be
overweight
and
still
reduce
your
risk
of
___63___
(die)
early
by
running.
【参考答案】seeing
【试题解析】考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重,但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处作of的宾语,其后用动名词。故填dying。
3.
After
receiving
the
Oscar
for
Best
Supporting
Actress,
Anne
Benedict
went
on
all
the
people
who
had
helped
in
her
career.
A.
to
thank
B.
thanking
C.
having
thanked
D.
to
have
thanked
【参考答案】A
【试题解析】句意:在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后,Anne
Benedict继续感谢所有帮助她演绎生涯的人。go
on
to
do继续做不同的事情,所以选A。
三、不定式、动名词和分词作表语
作表语用的非谓语动词有:不定式(to
do),动名词(doing),和分词(done,doing)

不定式作表语
①Her
wish
was
to
become
an
artist.
她的愿望是成为一位艺术家。
②The
most
important
thing
is
to
put
theory
into
practice.
最重要的是要把理论应用到实践。
③Our
aim
is
to
help
them,not
to
teach
them
a
lesson.
我们的目的是帮助他们,而不是教训他们。
总结:
不定式作表语表示主语的具体内容,如①;表示将来的动作,如②;
表示目的,如③。因此,在表示“目的,愿望,梦想,需求”等名词
作主语时其表语应该用不定式.

动名词作表语
①My
job
is
teaching.(Teaching
is
my
job.)
②Seeing
is
believing.百闻不如一见。
总结:
动名词作表语,表示抽象概念。动名词作表语一般用来表示
“身份,职业”等。大部分时候主语与表语可以互换,如①。
此外,还要注意主语与表语的一致性,如②。例②还可以说成:
To
see
is
to
believe.
试比较:一般来说,表示比较抽象的一般行为时多用动名词作表语;
表示具体某次动作,特别是将来的动作时,多用不定式.
?Their
job
is
building
houses.他们的工作是盖房子.
?Our
task
now
is
to
develop
our
economy.我们的任务是发展经济。

分词作表语
首先做一些练习
①The
situation
is____(encourage).
②The
door
remained____(lock)
when
he
came
again.
【答案】①encouraging
②locked
总结:
surprise,interest,excite,puzzle,disappoint,astonish,encourage,
inspire,shock,move等及物动词用作表语时,要看其与主语的关系。
如果与主语为主动关系,则用-ing形式,表示主语的特征。如果是被
动关系,用-done这种形式,表示主语的状态。
?The
news
astonished
us.
这句话就表明了the
news与astonish为主动关系。astonish与us为被动
关系。那么就可以直接得出以下两个句子:
?The
news
was
astonishing.
?We
were
astonished(by
the
news)
1.(2018·新课标III
卷·语法填空)I
quickly
lower
myself,
ducking
my
head
to
avoid
____64____(look)
directly
into
his
eyes
so
he
doesn't
feel____65____(challenge).
【参考答案】64.looking
65.challenged 
【答案解析】64.动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。
65.根据语境可知,此处表示不直视他的眼睛,他就不会感到被挑战。feel为系动词,表示“被挑战”,用过去分词challenged作表语。
高考对非谓语动词作定语的考查主要包括以下几个方面的内容:  
不定式作定语;  
-ing分词作定语;  
-ed分词作定语。
1.不定式作定语   

不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the
first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。其中,
不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作,完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作
之前。    
?She
is
always
the
first
(one)
to
come
and
the
last
to
leave.   

如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.    
?Let's
first
find
a
room
to
live
in
/
to
put
the
things
in.     
?We
have
nothing
to
worry
about.(=There
is
nothing
for
us
to
worry
about.)   

不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语,
则该不定式
多用主动表被动,否则,用被动式。    
?I
have
a
lot
of
things
to
do
today.
(
I
...
do
...
things)       
?Have
you
got
anything
to
say
at
the
meeting?
(
you...
say
...
anything)       
?Here
is
a
letter
to
be
taken
to
Mr.
Li.       
在there
be句型中,有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。比较:
There
is
nothing
to
do
at
present.(=We
have
nothing
to
do
at
present.)       
There
is
nothing
to
be
done
at
present.(=
We
can
do
nothing
at
present.)  
2.-ing分词作定语   

单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后置;强调动作的
单个-ing分词也常后置。    
a
sleeping
car
(
=
a
car
for
sleeping
)    a
sleeping
child
(
=
a
child
who
is
sleeping
)       
the
boy
standing
there
(
=
the
boy
who
is
standing
there
)       
The
girl
singing
is
my
classmate.   

-ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行,否则,
要用从句作定语。    
?Do
you
know
the
boy
talking
(
=
who
is
talking
)
to
the
teacher?       
?Did
you
notice
the
boy
sitting
(
=
who
was
sitting
)
at
this
desk
yesterday?       
?The
man
shaking
(
=
who
is
now
shaking
)
hands
with
Mr.
Li
visited
our
class
yesterday.
    
比较:
【误】He
is
the
man
visiting
our
class
yesterday.
       
【正】He
is
the
man
who
visited
our
class
yesterday.
  
3.-ed分词作定语
   
-ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作。
  
a
developed/developing
country
     
He
is
a
student
loved
by
all
the
teachers.
     
The
building
being
built
will
be
the
third
Teaching
Building
of
our
school.
  
(2017·北京)
Jim
has
retired,
but
he
still
remembers
the
happy
time
________
with
his
students.
A.
to
spend
B.
spend
C.
spending
D.
spent
【参考答案】D 
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,________
with
his
students是非谓语动词短语作后置定语,且“时光”是被度过,而且这里指的是“已经被度过的时光”,故选
D。句意:吉姆已经退休了,但他仍然记得跟学生们一起度过的快乐时光。
1.
带to的不定式(
to
do
)作宾补的动词,常见的有:
ask,
invite,
tell,
want,
encourage,
wish,
expect,
beg,
request,
require,
advise,
order,
force,
cause,
allow,
permit,
forbid,
warn,
remind,
teach,
send,
call
on,
wait
for,
would
like
/
love
/
prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词后,用带to的不定式作宾补。
?
The
teacher
asked
us
to
finish
our
homework.老师叫我们完成家庭作业。
?
She
wanted
him
to
sing
for
her
friends.她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。
?
The
policeman
told
the
boys
not
to
play
in
the
street.警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。
2.
常见的接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词:
一感:feel
二听:hear,
listen
to
三让:let,
make,
have
四看:see,
watch,
notice,
observe
半帮助:help
sb.
to
do/do
sth.
表示某人做某事的全过程或某事发生的全过程,强调事物的发生和结束。
?I
saw
him
leave
a
few
minutes
ago.
我看见他几分钟前离开了。
?To
learn
English
well,we
should
find
opportunities
to
hear
English
spoken
as
much
as
possible.
为了学好英语,我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语。
?The
teacher
raised
his
voice
in
order
to
make
himself
heard.
那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。
3.
V-ing形式作宾补
V-ing形式作宾补,表示动作的过程,即动作正在进行,尚未结束。宾语与宾补之间是主动的逻辑主谓关系。
?I
hear
someone
knocking
at
the
door.
?I’m
sorry
to
keep
you
waiting
for
a
long
time.
4.
V-ed形式作宾补
着重动作完成,表明动作的结果,它与宾语之间是被动的逻辑主谓关系。
?He
saw
the
thief
caught
by
the
police.
?I’m
going
to
have
my
hair
cut.
1.
(2020年全国卷Ш.语法填空)And
when
he
saw
the
mists
rising
from
the
river
and
the
soft
clouds69.
(surround)
the
mountain
tops,
he
was
reduced
to
tears.
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知,the
soft
clouds
69
(surround)
the
mountain
tops是独立主格结构做状语,surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
2.(2018·天津卷·单项填空)
I
need
a
new
passport
so
I
will
have
to
have
my
photographs___________.
A.
taking
B.
taken
C.
being
taken
D.
take
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我需要一个新护照,所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语,宾语my
photograph与补足语之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。
3.(2018·新课标III卷·语法填空)Once
his
message
was
delivered,
he
allowed
me
____70____
(stay)and
watch.
【参考答案】
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。此处allow
sb
to
do
sth允许某人做某事,动词不定式作宾补,应该用to
stay。
4
.Listening
to
music
at
home
is
one
thing,
going
to
hear
it
_____
live
is
quite
another.
A.
perform
B.
performing
C.
to
perform
D.
being
performed
【参考答案】D
【答案解析】句意:在家里面听音乐是一回事,去到现场听又是另一回事。hear
sb./sth.
doing
sth表听到某人/某物做某事。由于音乐是被演奏的,所以需要被动,所以选D。
1.不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。
?To
keep
themselves
awake
they
sat
on
the
floor
and
told
each
other
stories.
为了不至于睡着,他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。
(2)作结果状语,表示出乎意料的结果,经常与only连用。
?We
hurried
to
the
station,only
to
be
told
that
the
train
had
left.
我们急匆匆赶到车站,结果被告知火车已开走了。
(3)作原因状语
①形容词或过去分词作表语时,后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有:happy,lucky,sorry,proud,
disappointed,surprised,ready,delighted,clever,foolish,pleased等。
?We’re
proud
to
be
young
people
of
China.
作为中国青年我们感到自豪。
②在“主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to
do”结构中,不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容
词有:easy,difficult,important,interesting,pleasant,comfortable,dangerous等。
?The
chair
is
very
comfortable
to
sit
on.
这把椅子坐上去很舒服。
1.(2020·新课标Ш卷·语法填空)
The
next
morning
he
hired
a
boat
and
set
out
67.
(find)
the
well-known
painter.
【参考答案】to
find
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set
out
to
do
sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to
find。
2.(2018·新课标II卷·语法填空)
The
government
encourages
farmers
to
grow
corn
instead
of
rice
___64___
(improve)
water
quality.
【参考答案】to
improve
 
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages,故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的,故用不定式。故填to
improve。
3.(2018·北京卷·单项填空)
During
the
Mid-Autumn
Festival,
family
members
often
gather
together
_________
a
meal,
admire
the
moon
and
enjoy
moon
cakes.
A.
share
B.
to
share
C.
having
shared
D.
shared
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在中秋节期间,家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼。gather是谓语动词,“_________
a
meal,
admire
the
moon
and
enjoy
moon
cakes”是状语,家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼,表目的用动词不定式,故B选项正确。
4.
(2017·北京·单项填空)Many
airlines
now
allow
passengers
to
print
their
boarding
passes
online
________
their
valuable
time.
A.
save
B.
saving
C.
to
save
D.
saved
【参考答案】C 
【答案解析】
考查非谓语动词。此处动词不定式表示目的,
故答案为C。句意:现在很多航空公司为节省乘客的时间所以允许他们在线打印登机牌。其它选项不符合语境及题意。
5.
(2017·天津·单项填空)I
was
watching
the
clock
all
through
the
meeting,
as
I
had
a
train
________.
A.
catching
B.
caught
C.
to
catch
D.
to
be
caught
【参考答案】C 
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。主语I与catch是主动关系,且catch动作未发生,因此需用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义,作train的定语。句意:整个会议期间,我一直在看表,因为我要赶一班火车。
【解题技巧】
动词的不定式用法口诀:
2.分词作状语(表时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随、让步等)
(1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
?Satisfied
with
what
he
did,the
teacher
praised
him
in
class.
由于老师对他所做的事情很满意,于是在班上表扬了他。
(2)若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,则用现在分词的完成形式(having
done)。
?Having
cleaned
the
desks,we
began
reading.
擦完桌子后,我们便开始看书。
(3)若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系,且先于谓语动词动作发生,用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having
been
done)。
?Having
been
shown
the
classrooms,we
were
taken
to
see
the
library.
我们被领着看了教室后,又被带去看图书馆。
(4)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者,则要用过去分词(done)。
?Seen
from
the
top
of
the
mountain,the
city
is
very
beautiful.
从山顶上看,这座城市很漂亮。
(5)如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者,就用现在分词形式(doing)。
?Seeing
from
the
top
of
the
hill,we
find
the
park
even
more
beautiful.
从山顶上看,我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。
(2017·天津)
The
hospital
has
recently
obtained
new
medical
equipment,
________
more
patients
to
be
treated.
A.
being
allowed
B.
allowing
C.
having
allowed
D.
allowed
【参考答案】B 
【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。“医院引进新的医疗设备”和“更多的病人得到治疗”之间是主动的关系,因此用v.?ing形式。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语,故选B项。句意:医院最近引进了新的医疗设备,从而使更多的病人得到治疗。
独立主格结构
(一)独立主格结构的形式
独立结构可分为两部分,一部分事名词或代词(主格),起着逻辑主语的作用;另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成,表示前面名词或代词的状态或动作。
1.
名词/代词+形容词
?I
heard
that
she
got
injured
in
the
accident
,
my
heart
full
of
worry.
我听说她在这次事故中受了伤,内心充满担忧。
?He
stood
silent
in
the
moon-light,
his
door
open
.月光下,门开着,他默默地站在那。
2.
名词/代词+现在分词
?Winter
coming
,it
gets
colder
and
colder.
冬天来了,天气越来越冷了。
?The
rain
having
stopped
,he
went
out
for
a
walk.
雨停了,他出去散散步。
3.
名词/代词+过去分词
?More
time
given
,we
should
have
done
it
much
better.
如果给我们更多时间,我们会做的更好。
?The
boy
stood
there
,
his
right
hand
raised.
那个男生站在那里,右手高举。
4.
名词/代词(主格)+不定式
?Here
are
the
first
two
volumes
,
the
third
one
to
come
out
next
month.
这是前俩卷,第三卷将于下雨问世。
?The
two
boy
said
good-bye
to
each
other
,one
to
go
home
,the
other
to
go
to
his
friend\s
两个男孩彼此道了别,一个回了家,另一个去了他朋友家。
5.
名词/代词+介词短语
?The
huntsman
entered
the
forest
,gun
in
hand.
那个猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。
注意:这里
gun
in
hand
还可以说成
with
a
gun
in
hand。
但不可以说
a
gun
in
hand

gun
in
his
hand。
6.
名词/代词+副词
?Nobody
in
,the
thief
took
a
lot
of
things
away.
由于没有人,小偷拿走了许多东西。
?Lunch
over
,he
left
the
house
.But
he
was
thinking.
午饭结束,他离开了路。但他还在考虑。
7.
名词/代词+名词
?He
fought
the
wolf
,a
stick
his
only
weapon.
他和狼搏斗着,唯一的为武器是一根棍棒。
8.
with
复合结构
它的构成是:“with+宾语+宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当,宾语由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。
?Holms
and
Watson
sat
with
the
light
on
for
half
an
hour.
福尔摩斯和沃森坐着,让灯亮了半个小时。(介词短语)
?He
used
to
sleep
with
the
door
open
.
他过去常开着门睡觉
(形容词)
?With
a
boy
leading
the
way
,they
started
towards
the
village.
由一个小男孩领着路,他们朝那个村子去了。(现在分词)
?With
the
work
done
,he
went
home.
工作做完后,他回了家。(过去分词)
?With
you
to
help
us,
we
will
finish
the
task
in
time
有你来帮忙,我们将会及时完成任务。(不定式)
?Hong
Kong
looks
more
beautiful
with
thou-sands
of
lights
on
night
.
夜里,香港万盏灯火,分外美丽。(副词)
从以上例句可以看出:在with
复合结构中,宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这种主谓关系表现为主动语态是,用现代分词:当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态是,用过去分词:当这种主谓关系表示将来意义是,用不定时:当这种主谓关系辨识伴随意义时,用现在分词或副词。
(二)独立主格结构的用法
它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等,相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
1.
作时间状语
?The
work
done(=After
the
work
had
been
done)
,
we
went
home.
工作完成后,我们才回家。
2.
作条件状语
?Weather
permitting(=If
weather
permits)
,
they
will
go
on
an
outing
to
the
beach
tomorrow.
如果天气允许的话,他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
3.
作原因状语
?An
important
lecture
to
be
given
tomorrow(=As
an
important
lecture
will
be
given
tomorrow)
,
the
professor
has
to
stay
up
late
into
the
night.
因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲,教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
4.
作伴随状语
?He
was
lying
on
the
grass,
his
hands
crossed
under
his
head(=and
his
hands
were
crossed
under
his
head)
.
他躺在草地上,两手交叉枕在脑后。
5.
表补充说明
?A
hunter
came
in,
his
face
red
with
cold(=and
his
face
was
red
with
cold)
.
一个猎人走了进来,他的脸冻得通红。
注:独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时,相当于一个状语从句,一般放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句,通常放于句末。
Much
time
_____
sitting
at
a
desk,
office
workers
are
generally
troubled
by
health
problems.
A.
being
spent
B.
having
spent
C.
spent
D.
spending
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查独立主格结构。句意:上班族们坐在办工座前太久,一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知,分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致,应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且动作已完成,故用过去分词。故选C项。
题组一
真题在线
1.(2020﹒江苏卷﹒单项填空)Technological
innovations,
____
good
marketing,
will
promote
the
sales
of
these
products.
A.
combined
with
B.
combining
with
C.
having
combined
with
D.
to
be
combined
with
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合,将促进这些产品的销售。此处是短语:be
combined
with“与……结合/联合”,本句中省略be动词,使用过去分词做状语。故选A。
2.(2020·天津卷二·单项填空).
______
us
prepare
for
the
exam,
the
teacher
suggested
reading
through
our
notes.
A.
To
help
B.
Helped
C.
Helping
D.
Being
helped
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了帮助我们准备考试,老师建议通读我们的笔记。分析句子结构可知,老师建议我们诵读笔记是”为了“帮助我们准备考试。故表目的,应用动词不定式。故选A。
3.(2020.
天津卷一.
单项填空)The
local
government
doesn't
have
to
sacrifice
environmental
protection
____________
economic
growth.
A.
to
be
promoted
B.
being
promoted
C.
promoting
D.
to
promote
【答案】D
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意:地方政府不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。通过分析句子成分并翻译语境可知,句中存在谓语doesn't
have
to
sacrifice,空中需使用非谓语动词且表示目的性关系,因此使用动词不定式形式。故选D项。
4.(2020.
天津卷二.
单项填空)The
dancer’s
incredible
performance
had
the
audience
on
its
feet
______
for
10
minutes
at
the
end
of
the
show.
A.
being
clapped
B.
clap
C.
clapped
D.
clapping
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:舞蹈演员令人难以置信的表演使观众站起来鼓掌达十分钟之久。该题中,have表示“使……处于……状态”。______
for
10
minutes作伴随状语,其逻辑主语the
audience和clap之间是主动关系,故用现在分词。故选D。
5.(2020.
天津卷一.
单项填空)
___________in
1931,
the
Empire
State
Building,
the
highest
skyscraper
until
1954,
inspired
the
imagination
of
the
world.
A.
Having
completed
B.
Being
completed
C.
Completed
D.
Completing
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:1931年完工的帝国大厦是1954年之前最高的摩天大楼,它激发了全世界的想象力。句中谓语动词是inspired,此处用非谓语动词。主语the?Empire?State?Building和动词complete是被动关系,用过去分词作状语。A项是现在分词的完成式,不表被动。B项是doing的被动式。故选C。
6.(2020﹒新课标I卷﹒语法填空)Chinese
researchers
hope
to
use
the
instruments
onboard
Chang’e-4
66.
(find)
and
study
areas
of
the
South
Pole-Aitken
basin.
【答案】to
find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to
find。
7.(2020﹒新课标I卷﹒短文改错)I
like
eating
frying
tomatoes
with
eggs......
【答案】frying改为fried
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系,所以此处应用过去分词作定语,故将frying改为fried。
8.(2020﹒新课标I卷﹒短文改错)My
mom
told
me
how
to
preparing
it.
【答案】preparing改为prepare
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知,“how+不定式”作told的宾语,to是不定式符号,后应接动词原形,故将preparing改为prepare。
9.(2020﹒新课标Ⅱ卷﹒语法填空)They
represent
the
earth
63.
(come)
back
to
life
and
best
wishes
for
new
beginnings.
【答案】coming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come
back
to之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
10.(2020﹒新课标Ⅱ卷﹒语法填空)
They
make
great
gifs
and
you
see
them
many
times
65.
(decorate)
with
red
envelopes
and
messages
of
good
fortune.
【答案】decorated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange
trees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
11.(2020﹒浙江卷﹒语法填空)
Agriculture
gave
people
their
first
experience
of
the
power
of
technology
60.
(change)lives.
【答案】to
change
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子,简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意,此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to
change。
12.(2020﹒浙江卷﹒语法填空)
Later,they
learned
to
work
with
the
62.
(season),planting
at
the
right
time
and,in
dry
areas,
63.
(make)use
of
annual
floods
to
irrigate(灌溉)their
fields.
【答案】making
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,make所处的分句中无主语,故此处需用非谓语动词。make
use
of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式(doing)形式做状语。故填making。
13.(2019·江苏卷·单项填空)China's
image
is
improving
steadily,
with
more
countries__________
its
role
in
international
affairs.
A.
recognizing
B.
being
recognized
C.
to
be
recognized
D.
recognized
【解析】考查with复合结构。句意:中国的形象正在稳步提升,更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系,用with
+
名词
+
现在分词结构,故选A。
【答案】A
14.(2019﹒江苏卷﹒单项填空)__________
the
convenience
of
digital
payment,
many
senior
citizens
started
to
use
smart
phones.
A.
To
enjoy
B.
Enjoying
C.
To
have
enjoyed
D.
Enjoy
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意:为了享受数字支付的方便,很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故选A。
15.(2019﹒新课标I卷﹒语法填空)Modem
methods
___of__
tracking
polar
bear
populations
have
been
employed
only
since
the
mid-1980s,
and
are
expensive
___64___
(perform)
consistently
over
a
large
area.
【答案】to
perform
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后,常用不定式作原因或目的状语,句意:跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用,并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的,故此处用to
perform。
16.(2019﹒新课标I卷﹒语法填空)Scientists
have
responded
by
___67___
(note)
that
hungry
bears
may
be
congregating(聚集)
around
human
settlements,…
【答案】noting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知,此处用动名词主动形式,故填noting。
17.(2019﹒新课标II卷﹒短文改错)All
the
football
players
on
the
playground
cheered
loudly,
say
that
I
had
a
talent
for
football.
【答案】All
the
football
players
on
the
playground
cheered
loudly,
that
I
had
a
talent
for
football.
【解析】考查现在分词。句意:操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼,说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered,say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系,故将say改为saying。
18.(2019﹒新课标II卷﹒语法填空)A
90-year-old
has
been
awarded
“Woman
Of
The
Year”
for
___61___
(be)Britain's
oldest
full-time
employee-still
working
40
hours
a
week.
【答案】
being
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知,此处用动名词形式作宾语,故填being。
19.(2019﹒新课标II卷﹒语法填空)Picking
up
her
“Lifetime
Achievement”
award,proud
Irene
___declared__(declare)
she
had
no
plans
___65___
(retire)
from
her
36-year-old
business.
【答案】to
retire
【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to
do
sth作后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计划”,故填to
retire。
20.(2019﹒新课标II卷﹒语法填空)When
we
got
a
call
___68___
(say)
she
was
short-listed,we
thought
it
was
___a__
joke.
【答案】saying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知,此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语,解释名词call的内容,call与say是主动关系,故填saying。
21.(2019﹒新课标III卷﹒语法填空)On
our
way
to
the
house,it
was
raining
___so__
hard
that
we
couldn't
help
wondering
how
long
it
would
take
___62___
(get)there.
【答案】to
get
【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子,wondering后的句子不缺谓语,此处应填非谓语动词,故填to
get。
22.(2019﹒新课标III卷﹒语法填空)On
the
last
day
of
our
week-long
stay,we
_were
invited__(invite)to
attend
a
private
concert
on
a
beautiful
farm
on
the
North
Shore
under
the
stars,___70___
(listen)to
musicians
and
meeting
interesting
locals.
【答案】listening
【解析】考查现在分词。本句谓语动词为“were
invited”,所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的,所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题,and后meeting
interesting
locals为分词形式,故空格处填listening。
23.(2019﹒浙江卷﹒语法填空)When
the
children
are
walking
or
___59___
(cycle)
to
school
on
dark
mornings,…
【答案】cycling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时,汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分,根据or前的walking可知,此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
24.(2019﹒浙江卷﹒语法填空)But
some
students
didn't
want
___63___
(wear)
the
uniform.
【答案】to
wear
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:但是,有一些学生不想穿校服。want
to
do
sth想要做某事,这里是动词不定式作to的宾语。故填to
wear。
25.(2019﹒北京卷﹒语法填空)Nervously
___2___
(face)
challenges,
I
know
I
will
whisper
to
_myself_(I)
the
two
simple
words
“Be
yourself”.
【答案】facing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知,此处是作句子的状语,要用非谓语动词,其逻辑主语是I,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
26.(2018·北京)Ordinary
soap,
_________
correctly,
can
deal
with
bacteria
effectively.
A.
used
B.
to
use
C.
using
D.
use
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果正确使用的话,普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary
soap
can
deal
with
bacterial
effectively是主句,_________
correctly是条件状语,修饰ordinary
soap,ordinary
soap和use之间是被动关系,故要用过去分词,A选项正确。
27.(2018·天津)I
didn't
mean
_________anything
but
the
ice
cream
looked
so
good
that
I
couldn’t
help_______
it.
A.
to
eat;to
try
B.
eating;trying
C.
eating;to
try
D.
to
eat;
trying
【答案】D
【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意:我不打算吃任何东西,但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住地要试一试。固定短语短语mean
to
do(打算做),couldn’t
help
doing忍不住做。故选D。
28.(2018·江苏)
Around?13,500?new?jobs?were?created?during?the?period,
_______
the?expected?number
of
12,000
held?by
market?analysts.
A.
having?exceeded
B.
to?exceed
C.
exceeded
D.
exceeding
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在这期间,大约创造13,500个新的工作,超过市场分析师持有的12,000的预期数量。分析全句可知,这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果,故用现在分词作结果状语。故选D。
29.【2018·北京】6.
During
the
Mid-Autumn
Festival,
family
members
often
gather
together
_________
a
meal,
admire
the
moon
and
enjoy
moon
cakes.
A.
share
B.
to
share
C.
having
shared
D.
shared
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在中秋节期间,家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼。gather是谓语动词,“_________
a
meal,
admire
the
moon
and
enjoy
moon
cakes”是状语,家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼,表目的用动词不定式,故B选项正确。
点睛:动词不定式可以做主语,状语,定语,宾语,表语等。动词不定式做目的状语时,可以置于主句之前也可以置于主句之后,通常译为“为了”。
30.【2018·天津】7.
I
need
a
new
passport
so
I
will
have
to
have
my
photographs___________.
A.
taking
B.
taken
C.
being
taken
D.
take
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我需要一个新护照,所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语,宾语my
photograph与补足语之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。
点睛:本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候,首先要抓住非谓语动词在句中所作的成分,找出该非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语,再分析二者之间的关系,最后根据句意选择正确的答案。
31.(2017·江苏)
Many
Chinese
brands,
________their
reputations
over
centuries,
are
facing
new
challenges
from
the
modern
market.
A.
having
developed
B.
being
developed
C.
developed
D.
developing
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。many
Chinese
brands与develop是逻辑上的主谓关系,也是主动关系,再
根据over
centuries(数百年了)可知“发展”的动作在“面临挑战”之前早就完成了,故用现在分词的完成式,故选A项。句意:许多已经发展了几个世纪的声誉的中国品牌,现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。
32.(2016
?
北京)________
it
easier
to
get
in
touch
with
us,
you’d
better
keep
this
card
at
hand.
A.
Made
B.
Make
C.
Making
D.
To
make
【答案】D
【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意:为了更方便地联系到我们,你最好随身带着这张卡片。这里动词不定式短语作目的状语,故选D。
33.(2016
?
北京)
Newly-built
wooden
cottages
line
the
street,
________
the
old
town
into
a
dreamland.
A.
turn
B.
turning
C.
to
turn
D.
turned
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在分词表伴随状况。句意:新建的木屋林立在街道的两旁,使古镇变成了一个梦幻之地。turn的逻辑主语是cottages,两者是主动关系,故用现在分词作状语,故选B。
34.(2016·江苏)To
return
to
the
problem
of
water
pollution,
I’d
like
you
to
look
at
a
study
_________in
Australia
in
2012.
A.having
conducted
B.to
be
conducted
C.conducting
D.conducted
【答案】D
【解析】句意:回到水污染这个问题,我想让你看看2012年在澳大利亚所做的一项研究。在该句中,要注意区分现在分词和过去分词的用法。此处非谓语动词的逻辑主语是空格前面的名词a
study,与conduct构成被动关系,所以根据原则应该用过去分词形式conducted表示被动,A项和C项是主动关系要排除,同时B项不定式表示"将来",而根据语意,此处为已经完成的动作,也可以排除,所以选D项。
35.(2016·北京)______
over
a
week
ago,
the
books
are
expected
to
arrive
any
time
now.
A.
Ordering
B.
To
order
C.
Having
ordered
D.
Ordered
【答案】D
【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意:(因为)那些书是一周多之前订的,现在随时有可能送到。Books和order是动宾关系,即order
books/books
are
ordered,故用过去分词表示被动和完成,在此相当于原因状语从句because
they
were
ordered...,故选D。
36.(2016·江苏)In
art
criticism,
you
must
assume
the
artist
has
a
secret
message
________within
the
work.
A.to
hide
B.
hidden
C.
hiding
D.
being
hidden
【答案】B
【解析】考查分词作定语。本句中名词短语a
secret
message与动词hide构成被动关系,所以使用过去分词短语hidden
within
the
work在句中做后置定语,修饰名词短语a
secret
message,相当于定语从句that
is
hidden
within
the
work。AC项表示主动含义,D项强调正在进行,与语境不符。故B正确。
37.(2016
?
天津)The
cooling
wind
swept
through
out
bedroom
windows,
________
air
conditioning
unnecessary.
A.
making
B.
to
make
C.
made
D.
being
made
【答案】A
【解析】句意:冷风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来,没有必要开空调了。前面的事情造成后面的结果,用现在分词作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。不定式也可以作结果状语,但是表示预料不到的结果。故选A。
38.(2016·全国新课标卷III·语法填空)Skilled
workers
also
combine
various
hardwoods
and
metal
43
(create)
special
designs.
【答案】to
create
【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。技术娴熟的工人会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来,以创造出特殊风格的筷子。这里用不定式表目的,故填to
create。
题组二
名校模拟
Ⅰ.
单项填空
1.Tom
looked
at
Jenny,
tears
_______
his
eyes,
and
shouted
out
the
words________
in
his
heart
for
years.
A.
filled;
keeping
B.
filled;
kept
C.
filling;
kept
D.
filling;
having
kept
【答案】C
【解析】考查独立主格结构和分词作定语。本题第一空tears与动词fill构成主动关系,故使用现在分词的形式形成tears
filling
his
eyes的独立主格结构。第二空的动词hide与名词words构成被动关系,故使用过去分词短语作定语修饰名词。句意:Tom看着Jenny,眼里都是眼泪,说出了多年藏在心里的话。故选C。
2._______that
his
father
would
come
back
soon,
the
little
boy
calmed
down.
A.
Having
convinced
B.
Convincing
C.
Being
convinced
D.
Convinced
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:相信他的父亲不久会回来,这个小男孩镇静下来。convince“使相信”,与主语the
little
boy是被动关系,用过去分词作状语表示被动关系。故选D。
3.The
enquiry________
new
facts,
the
judge
had
to
postpone
the
trial
again.
A.
to
develop
B.
developed
C.
having
developed
D.
being
developed
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语。分析句子可知,此处运用了独立主格结构。句意:调查陈述了新的事实,法官只能再次推迟审判。调查已经陈述事实,在宣布之前,所以用现在分词的完成时。故选C。
4.____in
a
poor
family
made
Tom
very
diligent
when
he
was
still
young.
A.
Brought
up
B.
Bring
up
C.
Being
brought
up
D.
Having
brought
up
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在一个贫穷的家庭长大让Tom很小的时候就很勤奋。此处用动名词作主语,Tom与Bring
up之间是被动关系,所以用
Being
brought
up作主语。
5.____,
the
shower
water
is
no
longer
usable
until
the
chemicals
and
wastes
are
removed
from
it.
A.
Considering
to
be
polluted
B.
Considering
to
be
polluting
C.
Considering
to
have
been
polluted
D.
Considering
to
have
polluted
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:考虑到已经被污染了,在清除化学物质和废弃物之前,淋浴水不能再使用了。the
shower
water与pollute之间是被动关系,且pollute这个动作发生在is
no
longer
usable之前,所以应该使用现在完成时的被动语态。
6.____the
past
year
as
an
exchange
student
in
Hong
Kong,
Linda
appears
more
mature
than
those
of
her
age.
A.
Spending
B.
Having
been
spend
C.
Having
spend
D.
To
spend
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:作为交换生在香港学习一年,Linda显得比同龄人更成熟。Linda与spend之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动,用现在分词作状语,且spend这一动作发生在appears之前,所以用现在分词的完成式作状语。
7.Many
major
economic
problems
________
to
be
solved,
there
is
no
point
______
the
growth
rate
of
this
year
now.
A.
remaining;
predicting
B.
remaining;
to
predict
C.
remained;
predicting
D.
remained;
to
predict
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:很多遗留的经济问题仍待解决,所以预测今年的经济增长率是毫无意义的。第一空现在分词表示伴随的情况,第二空there
is
no
point
doing表示“做某事毫无意义”。
8.Yesterday
I
broke
my
favorite
camera,
and
now
I
have
to
get
it
_________.
A.
repairing
B.
repair
C.
repaired
D.
to
repair
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为:昨天我弄坏了我最喜欢的相机,现在我不得不把它修好。get
sth
done表示“使某物被……”。
9.While
China
and
India
have
something
in
common,
_______fast
growing
economies,
there
are
clear
differences.
A.
both
are
B.
both
being
C.
both
of
which
being
D.
both
of
them
are
【答案】B
【解析】考查独立主格。句意为:虽然中国和印度有一些相似之处,两个国家的经济都正在飞速发展,但还是有明显的不同。分析句子结构可知,此处为独立主格结构,起解释说明作用,解释有什么共同点,其他三项放在句子里结构都不合理。
10.Friendship,
_________
mutual
respect
and
_______
feelings
and
activities,
tends
to
last
long.
A.
basing
on;
shared
B.
anchored
in;
shared
C.
based
on;
sharing
D.
anchor
in;
sharing
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为:基于相互尊重和分享感情和活动的友谊更易于长久。be
anchored
in表示“立足于”,第一个空去掉be作后置定语,第二个空feelings
and
activities与share之间是动宾关系,表示被动,用过去分词作定语。
11.I
glanced
sideways
and
noticed
that
the
previous
author
was
standing
silently,
with
his
eyes
on
me.
A.
fixing
B.
fixed
C.
to
be
fixing
D.
to
be
fixed
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为:我向旁边瞥了一眼,发现先前的作者默默地站在那,两眼紧盯着我。此处为with的复合结构,his
eyes与fix之间是动宾关系,所以此处用过去分词表示被动。
12._______over
a
week
ago,
the
books
are
expected
to
arrive
any
time
now.
A.
Ordering
B.
Ordered
C.
To
order
D.
Having
ordered
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为:一周前预订的书现在有望随时到货。the
books与order之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动,应该用过去分词作状语。
13.The
hairdresser
showed
me
a
book
with
so
many
diverse
hair
styles
that
I
got
_______and
didn't
know
which
one
to
choose.
A.
confused
B.
to
confuse
C.
confusing
D.
to
be
confused
【答案】A
【解析】考查get
+过去分词结构。句意为:美发师展示给我一本里面有很多不同发型的书,我感到很困惑,不知选择哪一个。get+过去分词的系表结构强调状态的变化。
14.Once
be
falls
asleep,
I
have
great
difficulty
_______
him
up.
A.
wake
B.
waken
C.
to
wake
D.
waking
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为:一旦他睡着了,我很难把他叫醒。have
difficulty
doing
sth表示“做某事有困难”。
15.You
can
trust
him.
He
is
a
man
______throughout
the
business
field
for
his
honesty.
A.
having
known
B.to
be
known
C.
knowing
D.
known
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:你可以信任他,他是一个在商业圈以诚信而出名的人。a
man与know之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动,用过去分词作定语。
Ⅱ.
语法填空
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mattie
celebrated
her
6th
birthday
earlier
this
month.
For
her
birthday,
she
wanted
to
do
something
for
other
children.
"We? 1 (talk)
about
Mattie’s
birthday
cake
when
she
said
that
she
wanted
a
big
one
so
no
one
was
hungry
at
her
party,"
her
mother
said.
"She
didn’t
want
anyone
to
be
hungry
and
she
got
big
tears
in
her
eyes
and
asked
if
we
could
donate
food? 2 ?people."
For
her
party,
Mattie’s
friends
arrived? 3 (quick)
with
gifts,
but
the
packages
weren’t
filled
with
toys.
Instead,
those
packages
were
all
filled
with
various? 4 (can)
and
boxes
of
food.
Once
her
party
was
over,
Mattie,
with
some
help,
took? 5 ?donations
of
food
to
the
Maryville
Ministry
Center.
Mattie
was
not
the
only
local
child? 6 ?recently
did
so.
Her
best
friend
Eliana
celebrated
her
5th
birthday
in
February
and
decided
that
she
wanted
to
contribute
as
well.
Mattie
and
Eliana
are
still
children,
though,
and
enjoy? 7 (play)
with
their
dolls
and
stuffed
animals
just
like
every
other
kid
does.
"For
being
so
young,
it’s
a
blessing? 8 (have)
kids
that
are
living
for
something
more
than
themselves,"
Eliana’s
father
said.
"I’m
pretty? 9 ?(hope)
that
it
will
continue
over
time
and
it’s
amazing
to
see? 10 (we)
kids
doing
things
for
others."
【语篇解读】本文主要讲的是两个小女孩把自己的生日礼物捐献给慈善机构的故事。
1.were
talking
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。本空所在句使用了be
doing
sth.
when...结构,表示"正在做某事时突然……",由句中的"said"可知,本空应用过去进行时,又因主句主语是"We",故空处填were
talking。
2.to
【解析】考查介词。donate
sth.
to
sb.表示"向某人捐赠某物",是固定用法。
3.quickly
【解析】考查词形转换。空处修饰动词arrived,故用副词。
4.cans
【解析】考查名词复数。根据上文的"various"和下文的"and
boxes
of
food"及此处的can"罐"为可数名词可知,空处应用可数名词的复数形式,故填cans。
5.the
【解析】考查冠词。根据语境可知,此处的"donations"表示特指,故其前要加定冠词the。
6.who/that
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导了一个定语从句,先行词(the
only
local
child)指人,且空处在从句中作主语,故可用who或that引导该定语从句。
7.playing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。enjoy后需要接动名词作宾语,表示"喜欢做某事"。
8.to
have
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为it
is
a(n)+n.+to
do
sth.结构,其中it在句中作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式,故填to
have。
9.hopeful
【解析】考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作表语,故用形容词。
10.our
【解析】考查代词。空处在句中作定语,修饰kids,故用形容词性物主代词our。
考向1
非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
考向2
非谓语动词作定语
考向3
非谓语动词作补语
考向4
非谓语动词作状语
不定式有标记,to与动词连一起。
  没有人称数变化,动词特点它具备。
  主宾定状表补语,唯独作谓不可以。
  not
加上不定式,否定结构要牢记。
  疑问词与不定式,构成短语有意义。
  仔细推敲多思考,准确判断有依据。
难点剖析解密07非谓语动词
【命题趋势】
非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一,它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同,而且还要格外注意其所表达的逻辑关系,这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。
近年来,高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出,所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有:现在分词和过去分词基础知识;现在分词和过去分词句法功能;现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析;现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成;现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。
另外,对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能;对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。
【名师指导】
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时,一定要解析句子结构,确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。非谓语题的解题总方法如下:
1.
先看四个答案:如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况,那么这个题多半
是非谓语动词题。
2.
看符号:中间有个逗号,末尾有个句号(有时中间没有逗号);
3.
看有没有连接词(引导词)。如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话,一部分是句子时,那么另一
部分就一定是非句子,而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。
4.
定语态:如果本句的主语(或动词自带的逻辑主语)与它是逻辑上的主谓关系,那么答案一般用现在分
词;如果本句的主语(或动词自带的逻辑主语)与它是逻辑上的动宾关系(被动关系),那么答案一般
用过去分词。
5.
定时态:如果非谓语的动作比谓语先(或先很久)发生,那么非谓语动词要用完成式(to
have
done/to
have
been
done/
having
done/
Having
been
done),否则我们要用非谓语的一般式(to
do
/
to
be
done
/
doing
/
being
done
/
done)。
一、动名词和不定式作主语
能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。二者的区别是:
表示某一具体的动作时,多用不定式;
表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的,多用动名词。
动名词作主语时通常位于句首;不定式作主语时常置于句末,用it
作形式主语放在句首。
?Smoking
is
prohibited(禁止)here.
(抽象)
?It
is
not
very
good
for
you
to
smoke
so
much.
(具体)
注意:
①如果表语是不定式,主语也是不定式;表语是动名词,主语也是动名词。如:
?To
see
is
to
believe.=Seeing
is
believing.
②常用动名词作主语的句型:
?It’s
no
use
complaining
without
taking
action.不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。
1.(2019﹒天津卷﹒单项填空)____________
to
think
critically
is
an
important
skill
today's
children
will
need
for
the
future.
A.
Learn
B.
Learned
C.
Learning
D.
Having
learned
2.(2018·北京卷·单项填空)_________
along
the
old
Silk
Road
is
an
interesting
and
rewarding
experience
A.
Travel
B.
Traveling
C.
Having
traveled
D.
Traveled
二、动名词和不定式作宾语
1.
下列动词只能用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀
决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。
decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;
refuse,manage,care,pretend;
offer,promise,choose,
plan;
agree,ask/beg,help。
此外,afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。
?She
pretended
not
to
see
me
when
I
passed
by.当我经过时,她假装没看见我。
2.
有些动词只能用动名词作宾语,巧记动词后跟动名词的口诀:?
避免错过少延期,?建议完成多练习,?
喜欢想象禁不住,承认否定与妒忌,?
逃脱冒险莫原谅,忍受保持不在意。??
avoid,
miss,
delay,??suggest,
finish,
practice,
enjoy,
imagine,
resist,
admit,
deny?,
envy,
?escape,
risk,
pardon,
?stand,
keep,
mind
?I
would
appreciate
your
calling
back
this
afternoon.
今天下午如果你能给我回电话,我将非常感激。
3.
注意区别下列动词后接不定式和动名词
①forget
to
do
sth.  忘记要去做某事(此事未做)
forget
doing
sth.  忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)
remember
to
do
sth.  记得去做某事(未做)
remember
doing
sth.  记得做过某事(已做)
②stop
to
do  停止(某件事),目的是去做另一件事
stop
doing  停止正在或经常做的事
go
on
to
do  继续(去做另外一件事情)
go
on
doing  继续(原先没有做完的事情)
③regret
to
do
sth.  对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事)
regret
doing
sth.  对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事)
④try
to
do  努力、企图做
try
doing  试验、试一试某种办法
⑤mean
to
do  (人)打算,有意要……
mean
doing  (物)意味着
⑥can't
help
(to)
do
sth.  不能帮助做某事
can't
help
doing
sth.  情不自禁做某事
1.(2020﹒山东卷﹒语法填空)As
well
as
looking
at
exhibits,
visitors
can
play
with
computer
simulations
(模拟)
and
imagine
42.themselves
(they)
living
at
a
different
time
in
history
or
43.
(walk)through
a
rainforest.
2.(2018·新课标I卷·语法填空)You
may
drink,
smoke,
be
overweight
and
still
reduce
your
risk
of
___63___
(die)
early
by
running.
3.
After
receiving
the
Oscar
for
Best
Supporting
Actress,
Anne
Benedict
went
on
all
the
people
who
had
helped
in
her
career.
A.
to
thank
B.
thanking
C.
having
thanked
D.
to
have
thanked
三、不定式、动名词和分词作表语
作表语用的非谓语动词有:不定式(to
do),动名词(doing),和分词(done,doing)

不定式作表语
①Her
wish
was
to
become
an
artist.
她的愿望是成为一位艺术家。
②The
most
important
thing
is
to
put
theory
into
practice.
最重要的是要把理论应用到实践。
③Our
aim
is
to
help
them,not
to
teach
them
a
lesson.
我们的目的是帮助他们,而不是教训他们。
总结:
不定式作表语表示主语的具体内容,如①;表示将来的动作,如②;
表示目的,如③。因此,在表示“目的,愿望,梦想,需求”等名词
作主语时其表语应该用不定式.

动名词作表语
①My
job
is
teaching.(Teaching
is
my
job.)
②Seeing
is
believing.百闻不如一见。
总结:
动名词作表语,表示抽象概念。动名词作表语一般用来表示
“身份,职业”等。大部分时候主语与表语可以互换,如①。
此外,还要注意主语与表语的一致性,如②。例②还可以说成:
To
see
is
to
believe.
试比较:一般来说,表示比较抽象的一般行为时多用动名词作表语;
表示具体某次动作,特别是将来的动作时,多用不定式.
?Their
job
is
building
houses.他们的工作是盖房子.
?Our
task
now
is
to
develop
our
economy.我们的任务是发展经济。

分词作表语
首先做一些练习
①The
situation
is____(encourage).
②The
door
remained____(lock)
when
he
came
again.
总结:
surprise,interest,excite,puzzle,disappoint,astonish,encourage,
inspire,shock,move等及物动词用作表语时,要看其与主语的关系。
如果与主语为主动关系,则用-ing形式,表示主语的特征。如果是被
动关系,用-done这种形式,表示主语的状态。
?The
news
astonished
us.
这句话就表明了the
news与astonish为主动关系。astonish与us为被动
关系。那么就可以直接得出以下两个句子:
?The
news
was
astonishing.
?We
were
astonished(by
the
news)
1.(2018·新课标III
卷·语法填空)I
quickly
lower
myself,
ducking
my
head
to
avoid
____64____(look)
directly
into
his
eyes
so
he
doesn't
feel____65____(challenge).
高考对非谓语动词作定语的考查主要包括以下几个方面的内容:  
不定式作定语;  
-ing分词作定语;  
-ed分词作定语。
1.不定式作定语   

不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the
first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。其中,
不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作,完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作
之前。    
?She
is
always
the
first
(one)
to
come
and
the
last
to
leave.   

如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.    
?Let's
first
find
a
room
to
live
in
/
to
put
the
things
in.     
?We
have
nothing
to
worry
about.(=There
is
nothing
for
us
to
worry
about.)   

不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语,
则该不定式
多用主动表被动,否则,用被动式。    
?I
have
a
lot
of
things
to
do
today.
(
I
...
do
...
things)       
?Have
you
got
anything
to
say
at
the
meeting?
(
you...
say
...
anything)       
?Here
is
a
letter
to
be
taken
to
Mr.
Li.       
在there
be句型中,有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。比较:
There
is
nothing
to
do
at
present.(=We
have
nothing
to
do
at
present.)       
There
is
nothing
to
be
done
at
present.(=
We
can
do
nothing
at
present.)  
2.-ing分词作定语   

单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后置;强调动作的
单个-ing分词也常后置。    
a
sleeping
car
(
=
a
car
for
sleeping
)    a
sleeping
child
(
=
a
child
who
is
sleeping
)       
the
boy
standing
there
(
=
the
boy
who
is
standing
there
)       
The
girl
singing
is
my
classmate.   

-ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行,否则,
要用从句作定语。    
?Do
you
know
the
boy
talking
(
=
who
is
talking
)
to
the
teacher?       
?Did
you
notice
the
boy
sitting
(
=
who
was
sitting
)
at
this
desk
yesterday?       
?The
man
shaking
(
=
who
is
now
shaking
)
hands
with
Mr.
Li
visited
our
class
yesterday.
    
比较:
【误】He
is
the
man
visiting
our
class
yesterday.
       
【正】He
is
the
man
who
visited
our
class
yesterday.
  
3.-ed分词作定语
   
-ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作。
  
a
developed/developing
country
     
He
is
a
student
loved
by
all
the
teachers.
     
The
building
being
built
will
be
the
third
Teaching
Building
of
our
school.
  
(2017·北京)
Jim
has
retired,
but
he
still
remembers
the
happy
time
________
with
his
students.
A.
to
spend
B.
spend
C.
spending
D.
spent
1.
带to的不定式(
to
do
)作宾补的动词,常见的有:
ask,
invite,
tell,
want,
encourage,
wish,
expect,
beg,
request,
require,
advise,
order,
force,
cause,
allow,
permit,
forbid,
warn,
remind,
teach,
send,
call
on,
wait
for,
would
like
/
love
/
prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词后,用带to的不定式作宾补。
?
The
teacher
asked
us
to
finish
our
homework.老师叫我们完成家庭作业。
?
She
wanted
him
to
sing
for
her
friends.她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。
?
The
policeman
told
the
boys
not
to
play
in
the
street.警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。
2.
常见的接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词:
一感:feel
二听:hear,
listen
to
三让:let,
make,
have
四看:see,
watch,
notice,
observe
半帮助:help
sb.
to
do/do
sth.
表示某人做某事的全过程或某事发生的全过程,强调事物的发生和结束。
?I
saw
him
leave
a
few
minutes
ago.
我看见他几分钟前离开了。
?To
learn
English
well,we
should
find
opportunities
to
hear
English
spoken
as
much
as
possible.
为了学好英语,我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语。
?The
teacher
raised
his
voice
in
order
to
make
himself
heard.
那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。
3.
V-ing形式作宾补
V-ing形式作宾补,表示动作的过程,即动作正在进行,尚未结束。宾语与宾补之间是主动的逻辑主谓关系。
?I
hear
someone
knocking
at
the
door.
?I’m
sorry
to
keep
you
waiting
for
a
long
time.
4.
V-ed形式作宾补
着重动作完成,表明动作的结果,它与宾语之间是被动的逻辑主谓关系。
?He
saw
the
thief
caught
by
the
police.
?I’m
going
to
have
my
hair
cut.
1.
(2020年全国卷Ш.语法填空)And
when
he
saw
the
mists
rising
from
the
river
and
the
soft
clouds69.
(surround)
the
mountain
tops,
he
was
reduced
to
tears.
2.(2018·天津卷·单项填空)
I
need
a
new
passport
so
I
will
have
to
have
my
photographs___________.
A.
taking
B.
taken
C.
being
taken
D.
take
3.(2018·新课标III卷·语法填空)Once
his
message
was
delivered,
he
allowed
me
____70____
(stay)and
watch.
4
.Listening
to
music
at
home
is
one
thing,
going
to
hear
it
_____
live
is
quite
another.
A.
perform
B.
performing
C.
to
perform
D.
being
performed
1.不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。
?To
keep
themselves
awake
they
sat
on
the
floor
and
told
each
other
stories.
为了不至于睡着,他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。
(2)作结果状语,表示出乎意料的结果,经常与only连用。
?We
hurried
to
the
station,only
to
be
told
that
the
train
had
left.
我们急匆匆赶到车站,结果被告知火车已开走了。
(3)作原因状语
①形容词或过去分词作表语时,后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有:happy,lucky,sorry,proud,
disappointed,surprised,ready,delighted,clever,foolish,pleased等。
?We’re
proud
to
be
young
people
of
China.
作为中国青年我们感到自豪。
②在“主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to
do”结构中,不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容
词有:easy,difficult,important,interesting,pleasant,comfortable,dangerous等。
?The
chair
is
very
comfortable
to
sit
on.
这把椅子坐上去很舒服。
1.(2020·新课标Ш卷·语法填空)
The
next
morning
he
hired
a
boat
and
set
out
67.
(find)
the
well-known
painter.
2.(2018·新课标II卷·语法填空)
The
government
encourages
farmers
to
grow
corn
instead
of
rice
___64___
(improve)
water
quality.
3.(2018·北京卷·单项填空)
During
the
Mid-Autumn
Festival,
family
members
often
gather
together
_________
a
meal,
admire
the
moon
and
enjoy
moon
cakes.
A.
share
B.
to
share
C.
having
shared
D.
shared
4.
(2017·北京·单项填空)Many
airlines
now
allow
passengers
to
print
their
boarding
passes
online
________
their
valuable
time.
A.
save
B.
saving
C.
to
save
D.
saved
5.
(2017·天津·单项填空)I
was
watching
the
clock
all
through
the
meeting,
as
I
had
a
train
________.
A.
catching
B.
caught
C.
to
catch
D.
to
be
caught
【解题技巧】
动词的不定式用法口诀:
2.分词作状语(表时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随、让步等)
(1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
?Satisfied
with
what
he
did,the
teacher
praised
him
in
class.
由于老师对他所做的事情很满意,于是在班上表扬了他。
(2)若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,则用现在分词的完成形式(having
done)。
?Having
cleaned
the
desks,we
began
reading.
擦完桌子后,我们便开始看书。
(3)若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系,且先于谓语动词动作发生,用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having
been
done)。
?Having
been
shown
the
classrooms,we
were
taken
to
see
the
library.
我们被领着看了教室后,又被带去看图书馆。
(4)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者,则要用过去分词(done)。
?Seen
from
the
top
of
the
mountain,the
city
is
very
beautiful.
从山顶上看,这座城市很漂亮。
(5)如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者,就用现在分词形式(doing)。
?Seeing
from
the
top
of
the
hill,we
find
the
park
even
more
beautiful.
从山顶上看,我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。
(2017·天津)
The
hospital
has
recently
obtained
new
medical
equipment,
________
more
patients
to
be
treated.
A.
being
allowed
B.
allowing
C.
having
allowed
D.
allowed
独立主格结构
(一)独立主格结构的形式
独立结构可分为两部分,一部分事名词或代词(主格),起着逻辑主语的作用;另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成,表示前面名词或代词的状态或动作。
1.
名词/代词+形容词
?I
heard
that
she
got
injured
in
the
accident
,
my
heart
full
of
worry.
我听说她在这次事故中受了伤,内心充满担忧。
?He
stood
silent
in
the
moon-light,
his
door
open
.月光下,门开着,他默默地站在那。
2.
名词/代词+现在分词
?Winter
coming
,it
gets
colder
and
colder.
冬天来了,天气越来越冷了。
?The
rain
having
stopped
,he
went
out
for
a
walk.
雨停了,他出去散散步。
3.
名词/代词+过去分词
?More
time
given
,we
should
have
done
it
much
better.
如果给我们更多时间,我们会做的更好。
?The
boy
stood
there
,
his
right
hand
raised.
那个男生站在那里,右手高举。
4.
名词/代词(主格)+不定式
?Here
are
the
first
two
volumes
,
the
third
one
to
come
out
next
month.
这是前俩卷,第三卷将于下雨问世。
?The
two
boy
said
good-bye
to
each
other
,one
to
go
home
,the
other
to
go
to
his
friend\s
两个男孩彼此道了别,一个回了家,另一个去了他朋友家。
5.
名词/代词+介词短语
?The
huntsman
entered
the
forest
,gun
in
hand.
那个猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。
注意:这里
gun
in
hand
还可以说成
with
a
gun
in
hand。
但不可以说
a
gun
in
hand

gun
in
his
hand。
6.
名词/代词+副词
?Nobody
in
,the
thief
took
a
lot
of
things
away.
由于没有人,小偷拿走了许多东西。
?Lunch
over
,he
left
the
house
.But
he
was
thinking.
午饭结束,他离开了路。但他还在考虑。
7.
名词/代词+名词
?He
fought
the
wolf
,a
stick
his
only
weapon.
他和狼搏斗着,唯一的为武器是一根棍棒。
8.
with
复合结构
它的构成是:“with+宾语+宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当,宾语由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。
?Holms
and
Watson
sat
with
the
light
on
for
half
an
hour.
福尔摩斯和沃森坐着,让灯亮了半个小时。(介词短语)
?He
used
to
sleep
with
the
door
open
.
他过去常开着门睡觉
(形容词)
?With
a
boy
leading
the
way
,they
started
towards
the
village.
由一个小男孩领着路,他们朝那个村子去了。(现在分词)
?With
the
work
done
,he
went
home.
工作做完后,他回了家。(过去分词)
?With
you
to
help
us,
we
will
finish
the
task
in
time
有你来帮忙,我们将会及时完成任务。(不定式)
?Hong
Kong
looks
more
beautiful
with
thou-sands
of
lights
on
night
.
夜里,香港万盏灯火,分外美丽。(副词)
从以上例句可以看出:在with
复合结构中,宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这种主谓关系表现为主动语态是,用现代分词:当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态是,用过去分词:当这种主谓关系表示将来意义是,用不定时:当这种主谓关系辨识伴随意义时,用现在分词或副词。
(二)独立主格结构的用法
它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等,相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
1.
作时间状语
?The
work
done(=After
the
work
had
been
done)
,
we
went
home.
工作完成后,我们才回家。
2.
作条件状语
?Weather
permitting(=If
weather
permits)
,
they
will
go
on
an
outing
to
the
beach
tomorrow.
如果天气允许的话,他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
3.
作原因状语
?An
important
lecture
to
be
given
tomorrow(=As
an
important
lecture
will
be
given
tomorrow)
,
the
professor
has
to
stay
up
late
into
the
night.
因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲,教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
4.
作伴随状语
?He
was
lying
on
the
grass,
his
hands
crossed
under
his
head(=and
his
hands
were
crossed
under
his
head)
.
他躺在草地上,两手交叉枕在脑后。
5.
表补充说明
?A
hunter
came
in,
his
face
red
with
cold(=and
his
face
was
red
with
cold)
.
一个猎人走了进来,他的脸冻得通红。
注:独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时,相当于一个状语从句,一般放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句,通常放于句末。
Much
time
_____
sitting
at
a
desk,
office
workers
are
generally
troubled
by
health
problems.
A.
being
spent
B.
having
spent
C.
spent
D.
spending
题组一
真题在线
1.(2020﹒江苏卷﹒单项填空)Technological
innovations,
____
good
marketing,
will
promote
the
sales
of
these
products.
A.
combined
with
B.
combining
with
C.
having
combined
with
D.
to
be
combined
with
2.(2020·天津卷二·单项填空).
______
us
prepare
for
the
exam,
the
teacher
suggested
reading
through
our
notes.
A.
To
help
B.
Helped
C.
Helping
D.
Being
helped
3.(2020.
天津卷一.
单项填空)The
local
government
doesn't
have
to
sacrifice
environmental
protection
____________
economic
growth.
A.
to
be
promoted
B.
being
promoted
C.
promoting
D.
to
promote
4.(2020.
天津卷二.
单项填空)The
dancer’s
incredible
performance
had
the
audience
on
its
feet
______
for
10
minutes
at
the
end
of
the
show.
A.
being
clapped
B.
clap
C.
clapped
D.
clapping
5.(2020.
天津卷一.
单项填空)
___________in
1931,
the
Empire
State
Building,
the
highest
skyscraper
until
1954,
inspired
the
imagination
of
the
world.
A.
Having
completed
B.
Being
completed
C.
Completed
D.
Completing
6.(2020﹒新课标I卷﹒语法填空)Chinese
researchers
hope
to
use
the
instruments
onboard
Chang’e-4
66.
(find)
and
study
areas
of
the
South
Pole-Aitken
basin.
7.(2020﹒新课标I卷﹒短文改错)I
like
eating
frying
tomatoes
with
eggs......
【答案】frying改为fried
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系,所以此处应用过去分词作定语,故将frying改为fried。
8.(2020﹒新课标I卷﹒短文改错)My
mom
told
me
how
to
preparing
it.
9.(2020﹒新课标Ⅱ卷﹒语法填空)They
represent
the
earth
63.
(come)
back
to
life
and
best
wishes
for
new
beginnings.
10.(2020﹒新课标Ⅱ卷﹒语法填空)
They
make
great
gifs
and
you
see
them
many
times
65.
(decorate)
with
red
envelopes
and
messages
of
good
fortune.
11.(2020﹒浙江卷﹒语法填空)
Agriculture
gave
people
their
first
experience
of
the
power
of
technology
60.
(change)lives.
12.(2020﹒浙江卷﹒语法填空)
Later,they
learned
to
work
with
the
62.
(season),planting
at
the
right
time
and,in
dry
areas,
63.
(make)use
of
annual
floods
to
irrigate(灌溉)their
fields.
13.(2019·江苏卷·单项填空)China's
image
is
improving
steadily,
with
more
countries__________
its
role
in
international
affairs.
A.
recognizing
B.
being
recognized
C.
to
be
recognized
D.
recognized
14.(2019﹒江苏卷﹒单项填空)__________
the
convenience
of
digital
payment,
many
senior
citizens
started
to
use
smart
phones.
A.
To
enjoy
B.
Enjoying
C.
To
have
enjoyed
D.
Enjoy
15.(2019﹒新课标I卷﹒语法填空)Modem
methods
___of__
tracking
polar
bear
populations
have
been
employed
only
since
the
mid-1980s,
and
are
expensive
___64___
(perform)
consistently
over
a
large
area.
16.(2019﹒新课标I卷﹒语法填空)Scientists
have
responded
by
___67___
(note)
that
hungry
bears
may
be
congregating(聚集)
around
human
settlements,…
17.(2019﹒新课标II卷﹒短文改错)All
the
football
players
on
the
playground
cheered
loudly,
say
that
I
had
a
talent
for
football.
18.(2019﹒新课标II卷﹒语法填空)A
90-year-old
has
been
awarded
“Woman
Of
The
Year”
for
___61___
(be)Britain's
oldest
full-time
employee-still
working
40
hours
a
week.
19.(2019﹒新课标II卷﹒语法填空)Picking
up
her
“Lifetime
Achievement”
award,proud
Irene
___declared__(declare)
she
had
no
plans
___65___
(retire)
from
her
36-year-old
business.
20.(2019﹒新课标II卷﹒语法填空)When
we
got
a
call
___68___
(say)
she
was
short-listed,we
thought
it
was
___a__
joke.
21.(2019﹒新课标III卷﹒语法填空)On
our
way
to
the
house,it
was
raining
___so__
hard
that
we
couldn't
help
wondering
how
long
it
would
take
___62___
(get)there.
22.(2019﹒新课标III卷﹒语法填空)On
the
last
day
of
our
week-long
stay,we
_were
invited__(invite)to
attend
a
private
concert
on
a
beautiful
farm
on
the
North
Shore
under
the
stars,___70___
(listen)to
musicians
and
meeting
interesting
locals.
23.(2019﹒浙江卷﹒语法填空)When
the
children
are
walking
or
___59___
(cycle)
to
school
on
dark
mornings,…
24.(2019﹒浙江卷﹒语法填空)But
some
students
didn't
want
___63___
(wear)
the
uniform.
25.(2019﹒北京卷﹒语法填空)Nervously
___2___
(face)
challenges,
I
know
I
will
whisper
to
_myself_(I)
the
two
simple
words
“Be
yourself”.
26.(2018·北京)Ordinary
soap,
_________
correctly,
can
deal
with
bacteria
effectively.
A.
used
B.
to
use
C.
using
D.
use
27.(2018·天津)I
didn't
mean
_________anything
but
the
ice
cream
looked
so
good
that
I
couldn’t
help_______
it.
A.
to
eat;to
try
B.
eating;trying
C.
eating;to
try
D.
to
eat;
trying
28.(2018·江苏)
Around?13,500?new?jobs?were?created?during?the?period,
_______
the?expected?number
of
12,000
held?by
market?analysts.
A.
having?exceeded
B.
to?exceed
C.
exceeded
D.
exceeding
29.【2018·北京】6.
During
the
Mid-Autumn
Festival,
family
members
often
gather
together
_________
a
meal,
admire
the
moon
and
enjoy
moon
cakes.
A.
share
B.
to
share
C.
having
shared
D.
shared
30.【2018·天津】7.
I
need
a
new
passport
so
I
will
have
to
have
my
photographs___________.
A.
taking
B.
taken
C.
being
taken
D.
take
31.(2017·江苏)
Many
Chinese
brands,
________their
reputations
over
centuries,
are
facing
new
challenges
from
the
modern
market.
A.
having
developed
B.
being
developed
C.
developed
D.
developing
32.(2016
?
北京)________
it
easier
to
get
in
touch
with
us,
you’d
better
keep
this
card
at
hand.
A.
Made
B.
Make
C.
Making
D.
To
make
33.(2016
?
北京)
Newly-built
wooden
cottages
line
the
street,
________
the
old
town
into
a
dreamland.
A.
turn
B.
turning
C.
to
turn
D.
turned
34.(2016·江苏)To
return
to
the
problem
of
water
pollution,
I’d
like
you
to
look
at
a
study
_________in
Australia
in
2012.
A.having
conducted
B.to
be
conducted
C.conducting
D.conducted
35.(2016·北京)______
over
a
week
ago,
the
books
are
expected
to
arrive
any
time
now.
A.
Ordering
B.
To
order
C.
Having
ordered
D.
Ordered
36.(2016·江苏)In
art
criticism,
you
must
assume
the
artist
has
a
secret
message
________within
the
work.
A.to
hide
B.
hidden
C.
hiding
D.
being
hidden
37.(2016
?
天津)The
cooling
wind
swept
through
out
bedroom
windows,
________
air
conditioning
unnecessary.
A.
making
B.
to
make
C.
made
D.
being
made
38.(2016·全国新课标卷III·语法填空)Skilled
workers
also
combine
various
hardwoods
and
metal
43
(create)
special
designs.
题组二
名校模拟
Ⅰ.
单项填空
1.Tom
looked
at
Jenny,
tears
_______
his
eyes,
and
shouted
out
the
words________
in
his
heart
for
years.
A.
filled;
keeping
B.
filled;
kept
C.
filling;
kept
D.
filling;
having
kept
2._______that
his
father
would
come
back
soon,
the
little
boy
calmed
down.
A.
Having
convinced
B.
Convincing
C.
Being
convinced
D.
Convinced
3.The
enquiry________
new
facts,
the
judge
had
to
postpone
the
trial
again.
A.
to
develop
B.
developed
C.
having
developed
D.
being
developed
4.____in
a
poor
family
made
Tom
very
diligent
when
he
was
still
young.
A.
Brought
up
B.
Bring
up
C.
Being
brought
up
D.
Having
brought
up
5.____,
the
shower
water
is
no
longer
usable
until
the
chemicals
and
wastes
are
removed
from
it.
A.
Considering
to
be
polluted
B.
Considering
to
be
polluting
C.
Considering
to
have
been
polluted
D.
Considering
to
have
polluted
6.____the
past
year
as
an
exchange
student
in
Hong
Kong,
Linda
appears
more
mature
than
those
of
her
age.
A.
Spending
B.
Having
been
spend
C.
Having
spend
D.
To
spend
7.Many
major
economic
problems
________
to
be
solved,
there
is
no
point
______
the
growth
rate
of
this
year
now.
A.
remaining;
predicting
B.
remaining;
to
predict
C.
remained;
predicting
D.
remained;
to
predict
8.Yesterday
I
broke
my
favorite
camera,
and
now
I
have
to
get
it
_________.
A.
repairing
B.
repair
C.
repaired
D.
to
repair
9.While
China
and
India
have
something
in
common,
_______fast
growing
economies,
there
are
clear
differences.
A.
both
are
B.
both
being
C.
both
of
which
being
D.
both
of
them
are
10.Friendship,
_________
mutual
respect
and
_______
feelings
and
activities,
tends
to
last
long.
A.
basing
on;
shared
B.
anchored
in;
shared
C.
based
on;
sharing
D.
anchor
in;
sharing
11.I
glanced
sideways
and
noticed
that
the
previous
author
was
standing
silently,
with
his
eyes
on
me.
A.
fixing
B.
fixed
C.
to
be
fixing
D.
to
be
fixed
12._______over
a
week
ago,
the
books
are
expected
to
arrive
any
time
now.
A.
Ordering
B.
Ordered
C.
To
order
D.
Having
ordered
13.The
hairdresser
showed
me
a
book
with
so
many
diverse
hair
styles
that
I
got
_______and
didn't
know
which
one
to
choose.
A.
confused
B.
to
confuse
C.
confusing
D.
to
be
confused
14.Once
be
falls
asleep,
I
have
great
difficulty
_______
him
up.
A.
wake
B.
waken
C.
to
wake
D.
waking
15.You
can
trust
him.
He
is
a
man
______throughout
the
business
field
for
his
honesty.
A.
having
known
B.to
be
known
C.
knowing
D.
known
Ⅱ.
语法填空
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mattie
celebrated
her
6th
birthday
earlier
this
month.
For
her
birthday,
she
wanted
to
do
something
for
other
children.
"We? 1 (talk)
about
Mattie’s
birthday
cake
when
she
said
that
she
wanted
a
big
one
so
no
one
was
hungry
at
her
party,"
her
mother
said.
"She
didn’t
want
anyone
to
be
hungry
and
she
got
big
tears
in
her
eyes
and
asked
if
we
could
donate
food? 2 ?people."
For
her
party,
Mattie’s
friends
arrived? 3 (quick)
with
gifts,
but
the
packages
weren’t
filled
with
toys.
Instead,
those
packages
were
all
filled
with
various? 4 (can)
and
boxes
of
food.
Once
her
party
was
over,
Mattie,
with
some
help,
took? 5 ?donations
of
food
to
the
Maryville
Ministry
Center.
Mattie
was
not
the
only
local
child? 6 ?recently
did
so.
Her
best
friend
Eliana
celebrated
her
5th
birthday
in
February
and
decided
that
she
wanted
to
contribute
as
well.
Mattie
and
Eliana
are
still
children,
though,
and
enjoy? 7 (play)
with
their
dolls
and
stuffed
animals
just
like
every
other
kid
does.
"For
being
so
young,
it’s
a
blessing? 8 (have)
kids
that
are
living
for
something
more
than
themselves,"
Eliana’s
father
said.
"I’m
pretty? 9 ?(hope)
that
it
will
continue
over
time
and
it’s
amazing
to
see? 10 (we)
kids
doing
things
for
others."
考向1
非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
考向2
非谓语动词作定语
考向3
非谓语动词作补语
不定式有标记,to与动词连一起。
  没有人称数变化,动词特点它具备。
  主宾定状表补语,唯独作谓不可以。
  not
加上不定式,否定结构要牢记。
  疑问词与不定式,构成短语有意义。
  仔细推敲多思考,准确判断有依据。