解密08情态动词和虚拟语气
【考纲解读】
1.
考生应掌握can,
could,
may,
might,
must,
will,
would,
shall,
should,
ought
to,
need,
dare,
be
able
to,
used
to等情态动词的基本用法。
2.
考生应掌握虚拟语气在非真实条件句、名词性从句及其他句型中的运用。
【命题趋势】
情态动词和虚拟语气为中学英语考纲要求的内容，并且是高考内容中的难点之一。预计在以后的高考中，可能会对情态动词和虚拟语气进行考查，且还可能通过虚拟语气形式考查某种时态的某个形式。
一、
can,
could
与
be
able
to
1.
表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。
?Can
you
lift
this
heavy
box?（体力）
?Mary
can
speak
three
languages.（知识）
?Can
you
skate?（技能）
此时可用be
able
to代替。
can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be
able
to则有更多的时态。
?I’ll
not
be
able
to
come
this
afternoon.
当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be
able
to，不能用can。如：
?He
was
able
to
go
to
the
party
yesterday
evening
in
spite
of
the
heavy
rain.
2.
表示请求和允许。
?——Can
I
go
now?
——Yes,
you
can.
/
No,
you
can’t.
此时可与may互换。
在疑问句中还可用could,
might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。
?——Could
I
come
to
see
you
tomorrow?
——
Yes,
you
can.
(
No,
I’m
afraid
not.
)
3.
表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。
?They’ve
changed
the
timetable,
so
we
can
go
by
bus
instead.
This
hall
can
hold
500
people
at
least.
4.
表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
?Can
this
be
true?
?This
can’t
be
done
by
him.
How
can
this
be
true?
1.
(2020·天津卷·单项填空)Jim
says
we
______
stay
in
his
house
as
long
as
we
leave
it
clean
and
tidy
.
A.
must
B.
can
C.
need
D.
should
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。A.
must必须；B.
can能，可以；C.
need需要；D.
should应该。根据后面的“as
long
as
we
leave
it
clean
and
tidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。
2.
(2018·北京卷·单项填空)
In
today’s
information
age,
the
loss
of
data
_________
cause
serious
problems
for
a
company.
A.
need
B.
should
C.
can
D.
must
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。
3.
(2017·北京卷·单项填空)Samuel,
the
tallest
boy
in
our
class,
________
easily
reach
the
books
on
the
top
shelf.
A.
must
B.
should
C.
can
D.
need
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查情态动词。can表示能力，意为“能够”。故答案为C。句意：塞缪尔——我们班个子最高的男孩——能够轻松地够到架子顶层上的书。
二、
may,
might
1.
表示请求和允许。
might比
may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t
或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。
?——Might/
May
I
smoke
in
this
room?
——No,
you
mustn’t.
?——May/Might
I
take
this
book
out
of
the
room?
——Yes,
you
can.
(No,
you
can’t
/
mustn’t.
)
用May
I...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can
I...？在口语中更常见。
2.
用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
?May
you
succeed!
might为may的过去式，但也可以代替may，语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。He
might
not
come
today.
今天他也许不来了。(语气不肯定)
You
might
also
get
a
headache
when
you
work
too
hard.
当你工作太努力时，你也可能患头痛。
You
feel
all
the
training
a
waste
of
time,
but
I’m
a
hundred
percent
sure
later
you’ll
be
grateful
you
did
it.
A.
should
B.
need
C.
shall
D.
may
【参考答案】D
【答案解析】句意：你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间，但是我有100%的把握你以后会感激它的。should应该；need需要；shall将会；may（不确定）可能。所以选D。
三、
must,
have
to
1.
表示必须、必要
?You
must
come
in
time.
在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t,
don’t
have
to（不必）。
?——Must
we
hand
in
our
exercise
books
today?
——Yes,
you
must.
/No,
you
don’t
have
to
/
you
needn’t.
2.
must是说话人的主观看法，而have
to则强调客观需要。
must只有一般现在时，
have
to
有更多的时态形式。
?I
really
must
go
now.
?I
had
to
work
when
I
was
your
age.
3.
must表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）
?You’re
Tom’s
good
friend,
so
you
must
know
what
he
likes
best.
?Your
mother
must
be
waiting
for
you
now.
①must开头的疑问句，其否定回答通常用don’t
have
to或needn’t。而不用mustn’t。
—Must
I
finish
my
homework
first?
我必须先完成作业吗？—No,
you
don’t
have
to/
needn’t.
不，你不必。②can和must在表推测时，can一般用于否定句中，而must
常用于肯定句中。It
can
not
be
Li
Lei.
那个人不可能是李磊。
It
must
be
Li
Lei.
那个人肯定是李磊。
1.—Can’t
you
stay
a
little
longer?
—It’s
getting
late.
I
really
_________go
now,
My
daughter
is
home
alone.
A
.may
B
.can
C
.
must
D
.dare
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。A.
may可能，可以，也许；
can能，会；C.
must必须，必然要，必定会；D.
dare敢，胆敢。结合句意，故选C。
2.
You
__________be
careful
with
the
camera.
It
costs!
A
.must
B.
may
C.
can
D.
will
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】考查情态动词。根据下文的it
costs可知，照相机很昂贵，可推断此处是说，你一定要非常小心对待照相机。故选A
。may可能；can能够，有时会；will会，愿意。
四、
dare,
need
1.
dare作情态动词用时,
常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,
过去式形式为dared。
?How
dare
you
say
I’m
unfair?
?He
daren’t
speak
English
before
such
a
crowd,
dare
he?
?If
we
dared
not
go
there
that
day，we
couldn’t
get
the
beautiful
flowers.
2.
need
作情态动词用时,
常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must,
have
to,
ought
to,
should代替。
?You
needn’t
come
so
early.
?—Need
I
finish
the
work
today?
—Yes,
you
must.
/
No,
you
needn’t.
注意：
dare和
need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句
中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可
接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
?I
dare
to
swim
across
this
river.
?He
doesn’t
dare
(to)
answer.
?He
needs
to
finish
his
homework
today.
五、
shall,
should
1.
shall
用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。
?What
shall
we
do
this
evening?
2.
shall
用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
?You
shall
fail
if
you
don’t
work
hard.(警告)
?He
shall
have
the
book
when
I
finish
it.(允诺)
?He
shall
be
punished.(威胁)
3．should表示义务、职责等，意为＂应该＂。
?You
should
be
strict
with
yourself
as
an
officer.
作为一名官员，你应该严格要求自己。
六、
will,
would
1.
表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。
?Will
/
Would
you
pass
me
the
ball,
please?
2.
表示意志、愿望和决心。
?I
will
never
do
that
again.
?They
asked
him
if
he
would
go
abroad.
3.
would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used
to正式，且没有“现已无此习
惯”的含义。
?During
the
vacation,
he
would
visit
me
every
other
day.
?The
wound
would
not
heal.
1.
（2019.天津卷Ⅰ）The
professor
warned
the
students
that
on
no
account
______
use
mobile
phones
in
the
class.
A.
should
they
B.
they
should
C.
dare
they
D.
they
dare
【参考答案】A
【试题解析】考查特殊句式和情态动词。句意：
教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上绝不要使用手机。在that
引导的宾语从句中，表否定意义的介词短语on
no
account
位于句首，后面的主、谓需要用部分倒装结构，故排除B项和D项；根据句意可知此处应该用情态动词should，故选A。
2.(2018·新课标II卷·短文改错)
As
kid,
I
loved
to
watch
cartoons,
but
no
matter
how
many
times
I
asked
to
them,
my
parents
would
not
to
let
me.
【参考答案】删除let前的to
【答案解析】would后跟动词原形，故把to删除。
七、
should,
ought
to
1.
should,
ought
to表示“应该”，ought
to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。
?I
should
help
her
because
she
is
in
trouble.
?You
ought
to
take
care
of
the
baby.
2.
表示劝告、建议和命令。should,
ought
to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。
?You
should
/
ought
to
go
to
class
right
away.
?Should
I
open
the
window?
3.
表示推测
should
,
ought
to
(客观推测),
must(主观推测)。
?He
must
be
home
by
now.
(断定他已到家)
?He
ought
to/should
be
home
by
now.(不太肯定)
?This
is
where
the
oil
must
be.(直爽)
?This
is
where
the
oil
ought
to/should
be.(含蓄)
情态动词＋have
done
用法
must
have
done
一定做过某事，其否定形式为can’t/couldn’t
have
done
can/could
have
done
(1)本来能够做但却未做(2)可能做过某事
can’t/couldn’t
have
done
不可能做过某事
may/might
have
done
或许/可能做过某事
should/ought
to
have
done
本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了
needn’t
have
done
做了本没有必要做的事情
1.＂must
have
done＂
?表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成＂一定做过某事＂，该结构只用于肯定句。
?It
must
have
rained
last
night,
for
the
ground
is
wet.
昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。
?You
must
have
been
mad
to
speak
to
the
servant.
你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。
2.＂can’t
have
done＂
表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成＂不可能做过某事＂。
?Mr
Smith
can’t
have
gone
to
Beijing,
for
I
saw
him
in
the
library
just
now.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。
?Mary
can’t
have
stolen
your
money.
She
has
gone
home.
玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。
3.＂can
have
done＂
?表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成＂可能做过……吗？＂。
?There
is
no
light
in
the
room.
Can
they
have
gone
out?
屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？
?There
is
nowhere
to
find
them.
Where
can
they
have
gone?
到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？
4.＂could
have
done＂
是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。
?He
could
have
passed
the
exam,
but
he
was
too
careless.
本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。
5.＂may
have
done＂
表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是＂可能已经＂或＂也许已经＂，用于肯定句中。
?—What
has
happened
to
George?
乔治发生了什么事？
—I
don’t
know.
He
may
have
got
lost.
我不知道，他可能迷路了。
6.＂might
have
done＂
表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。
?She
might
have
achieved
greater
progress,
if
you
had
given
her
more
chances.
如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得了更大的成绩。
7.＂would
have
done＂
虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是＂本来会……＂。
?I
would
have
told
you
all
about
the
boy’s
story,
but
you
didn’t
ask
me.
我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。
8.＂should
have
done＂
意思是＂本来应该做某事，而实际没做＂。＂shouldn’t+have+done＂表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含义。
?Tom,
you
are
too
lazy.
The
work
should
have
been
finished
yesterday.
汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。
?Look,
Tom
is
crying.
I
shouldn’t
have
been
so
harsh
on
him.
看，汤姆哭了，我本不应该对他如此严厉的。
9.＂ought
to
have
done＂
表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成＂理应做……＂，往往表示遗憾。与＂should
have
done＂用法基本一样。
?I
ought
to
have
gone
home
last
Sunday.
我理应上星期日回家。
?You
ought
not
to
have
given
him
more
help.
你不应该帮助他那么多。
10.＂need
have
done＂
表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。＂needn’t
have
done＂则表示＂本来不需要做某事而实际做了＂
?I
needn’t
have
bought
so
much
wine
—
only
five
people
came.
我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。
?He
need
have
hurried
to
the
station.
In
that
case,
he
wouldn’t
have
missed
the
train.
他本来需要快点去车站的，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。
—Sorry,
Mum!
I
failed
the
job
interview
again.
—Oh,
it’s
too
bad.
You
_____________
have
made
full
preparations.
A.
must
B.
can
C.
would
D.
should
【参考答案】D
【答案解析】考查情态动词+have
done结构。句意：——对不起，妈妈，我面试又失败了。——噢，那太糟糕了，你应该做好充分准备的。A.must必须；B.can可以；C.would将会；D.should应该。can
have
done＂表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成＂可能做过……吗？＂；could
have
done表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做；must
have
done＂表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成＂一定做过某事＂，该结构只用于肯定句；should
have
done＂的意思是＂本来应该做某事，而实际没做。故选D。
情态动词表猜测的用法：
一、can
/
could用于表推测的用法
(1)
从使用句型上看，can
通常只用于否定句或疑问句，一般不用于肯定句，而could
可用于肯定句、否定
句和疑问句。两者没有时间上的差别，只是could
比
can
更委婉，更不确定。如：
?It
can’t
[couldn’t]
be
true.
那不可能是真的。
?What
can
[could]
they
be
doing?
他们会在干什么呢?
?We
could
go
there
this
summer.
今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。
注：can
有时也用于肯定句中表示推测，主要用于表示理论上的可能性(即从理论上看是可能的，但实际未必会发生)，或表示“有时”之意。如：
?Even
experienced
teachers
can
make
mistakes.
即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。
?She
can
be
very
unpleasant.
她有时很令人讨厌。
(2)
从时间关系看，对现在或将来情况作推测，后接动词原形；对正在进行的情况作推测，后接
be
doing
结
构；对过去情况作推测，后接动词完成式。如：
?He
could
have
gone
home.
他可能已经回家了。
?He
can’t
[couldn’t]
have
understood.
他不可能理解了。
?Why
does
he
know
this?
Can
[Could]
someone
have
told
him
about
it?
他怎么知道?
会是哪个人告诉他了吗?
(3)
“could+完成式”除表示对过去的推测外，还有以下重要用法：
①表示过去没有实现的可能性，常译为“本来可以”。如：
?I
could
have
lent
you
the
money．Why
didn’t
you
ask
me?
我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出?
②用来委婉地责备某人过去应该做某事而没有去做，常译为“本来应该”。如：
?You
could
have
helped
him.
你本来应该帮助他的。
③表示“差点儿就要”。如：
?I
could
have
died
laughing.
我差点儿笑死了。
二、
may
/
might用于表推测的用法
表示推测，两者都可用，只是
might
比
may
语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。
(1)
在句型使用方面：两者均可用于肯定句和否定句，但用于疑问句时，may通常不用于句首，但可用于疑
问句的句中（如特殊疑问句等），而might尽管可以用于疑问句的句首，但不算普通，通常会改用其他
句式（如用could等）。如：
?He
may
[might]
know
the
answer.
他可能知道答案。
?He
may
[might]
not
believe
you.
他可能不会相信你。
?And
who
may
[might]
she
be?
那么她会是哪一位呢？
(2)
从时间关系看，对现在或将来情况作推测，后接动词原形；对正在进行的情况作推测，后接
be
doing
结
构；对过去情况作推测，后接动词完成式。如：
?He
may
[might]
tell
his
wife.
他也许会告诉他妻子。
?He
may
[might]
be
writing
a
letter.
他可能在写信。
?She
may
[might]
have
read
it
in
the
papers.
她可能在报上已读到过此事。
(3)“might+完成式”除表示对过去的推测外，还有以下重要用法：
①
表示过去某事可能发生而实际上却并没发生。如：
?It
was
really
very
dangerous.
I
might
have
killed
myself.
那真的是太危险了，我差点没命了。
?A
lot
of
men
died
who
might
have
been
saved．很多人本来可以获救的却死了。
②
表示委婉的批评或责备。如：
?You
might
have
made
greater
progress.
你的进步本来可更大一些的。
?You
might
at
least
have
answered
my
letter.
你至少可以回我一封信嘛。
三、must表示推测的用法
must
表示很有把握的推测，其意为“一定会”“肯定会”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。表示对现在或未来的情况作推测，后接动词原形；表示对过去情况的推测，接动词完成式。如：
?I
must
be
the
happiest
woman
on
earth!
我一定是世界上最幸福的女人了。
?No,
he
must
be
lying.
不，他一定在撒谎
?He
must
have
mistaken
my
meaning.
他一定误会了我的意思。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
包含条件从句的句子称为条件句。条件句分为两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况很可能发生，就用真实条件句。
?If
he
has
time,
he
wil
come.
如果他有时间，他会来的。
?He
won’t
succeed
unless
we
plan
well.
他不会成功的，除非我们计划好。
如果假设的情况发生的可能性不大，则用虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句分为三种，见下表：
假设情况
条件从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
与现在事实相反
过去式（be的过去式常用were）
would/should/might/could
+
动词原形
与将来事实相反
(1)
过去式(2)should
+
动词原形(3)were
to
+
动词原形
would/should/might/could
+
动词原形
与过去事实相反
过去完成时（had
+
过去分词）
would/should/might/could
+
过去分词
?If
he
had
time
now，he
would(could，might)go
with
you.
要是他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)
?If
you
had
come
a
few
minutes
earlier，you
would(could，might)
have
met
the
famous
singer.
如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反)
?If
it
were
to
snow
this
evening，they
would
not
go
out.
如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)
二、几种特殊的虚拟条件从句
1．省略if形式的虚拟语气
在if虚拟条件句中，若省略if，则将should，were，had前置，构成主谓倒装句式。
?Had
I
worked
harder，I
would
have
succeeded.
如果我当时努力学习的话，我就会成功的。
?Were
she
my
daughter(Should
she
be
my
daughter)，I
wouldn't
allow
her
to
study
abroad.
如果她是我的女儿的话，我就不让她出国学习了。
2．混合虚拟语气
若主句和从句所表示的时间不一致，就构成了混合虚拟语气或错综虚拟语气，此时，主句和从句的时态形式根据实际的时间概念来定。
?If
she
had
followed
the
doctor's
words，she
would
feel
better
now.
如果当初她听从了医生的建议，现在就会好多了。
3．含蓄虚拟语气
有时候假设的条件不是通过条件从句表达，而是隐含在某些介词短语中，如without...，连词but
for，otherwise，or等中。
?Without
music(＝If
there
were
no
music)，the
world
would
be
dull.
世界若无音乐将会很枯燥。
?I'm
really
very
busy，otherwise
I
would
certainly
go
there
with
you.(otherwise＝if
I
were
not
so
busy)
我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。
三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
1.
动词wish后的宾语从句。
表示现在的情况，从句谓语用过去式；表示过去的情况，从句谓语用过去完成式；表示将来的情况，从句谓语用＂would/
should/could/might
+
动词原形＂。
?I
wish
I
were
ten
years
younger
now.
我希望我现在年轻十岁。
?I
wish
I
had
met
him
yesterday.
我昨天能遇到他就好了。
?I
wish
I
would
be
a
scientist.
我希望将来成为科学家。
1.
(2020·江苏卷·单项填空)28.
If
I
hadn’t
been
faced
with
so
many
barriers,
I
_____where
I
am.
A.
won’t
be
B.
wouldn’t
have
been
C.
wouldn’t
be
D.
shouldn’t
have
been
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where
I
am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。故选C。
2.
(2018·江苏卷·单项填空)There
is
a
good
social
life
in
the
village,
and
I
wish
I
_______
a
second
chance
to
become
more
involved.
A.
had
B.
will
have
C.
would
have
had
D.
have
had
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。
2.
在表示请求、建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语用＂should
+
动词原形＂，should可省略。
常见的这类动词有：suggest，recommend，
insist，
order，
require，
advise，
demand，
command，
ask，
request，propose等。
?He
suggested
that
we
(should)
be
here
in
time.
他建议我们及时到那儿。
?The
doctor
advised
that
he
(should)
change
his
job.
医生劝他换工作。
1.(2018·江苏卷·单项填空)
It’s?strange?that?he?_______
have?taken?the?books?without?the?owner’s?permission.
A.
would
B.
should
C.
could
D.
might
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It
is
important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural
that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。
2.（2016·全国新课标卷II·短文改错）Some
classmates
suggest
we
can
go
to
places
of
interest
nearby.
【参考答案】删除can或can改为should
【答案解析】考查虚拟语气。动词suggest作为建议讲的时候，后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气＂（should+）动词原形＂，所以本句可以删除can或can改为should。
3.
在would
rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成式表示过去的情况。
?I
would
rather
you
told
me
the
truth.
我愿意你跟我讲真话。
?I
would
rather
you
had
been
present.
我倒愿意你当时在场。
4．在＂It
is
(about/high)
time＋that从句＂中，谓语动词常用过去式或＂should＋动词原形＂表示虚拟语气，注意should不可省略。
?It’s
high
time
that
we
devoted
ourselves
to
environmental
protection.
是我们致力于环境保护的时候了。
5．as
if，as
though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
?They
talked
and
talked
as
if
they
would
never
meet
again.
他们谈啊谈好像永远不会再见面一样。
6．if
only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。
?Look
at
the
trouble
we’re
in.If
only
we
had
taken
our
teacher’s
advice！
看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！
1.
（2019.天津卷Ⅰ）The
workers
were
not
better
organized,
otherwise
they
______the
task
in
half
the
time.
A.
Accomplished
B.
had
accomplished
C.
would
accomplish
D.
would
have
accomplished
【参考答案】B
【试题解析】考查虚拟语气。工人没有被更好地组织起来，否则他们用一半时间就能完成任务。表示对过去的虚拟，需要would/could/might/should
have
done的形式，故选D项。
1.（2017?江苏卷）
_______
not
for
the
support
of
the
teachers,
the
student
could
not
overcome
her
difficulty.
A.
It
were
B.
Were
it
C.
It
was
D.
Was
it
【参考答案】B
【试题解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were
/Should/
Had
I...，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该学生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
2.（2017?天津卷）
—Do
you
have
Betty’s
phone
number?
—Yes.
Otherwise,
I
______able
to
reach
her
yesterday.
A.
hadn’t
been
B.
wouldn’t
have
been
C.
weren’t
D.
wouldn’t
be
【参考答案】
B
【试题解析】句意：——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？——有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。根据标志词otherwise，否则相当于一个条件状语从句：If
I
hadn't
have
her
phone
number，即对过去的虚拟的条件状语从句，可以判断出主句用wouldn't
have
done表示对过去情况的虚拟，故选B。
错综时间条件句的虚拟语气
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为＂错综时间条件句＂，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
?If
you
had
followed
the
doctor’s
advice，you
would
be
better
now.
如果你当时听医生建议的话，你现在就好多了。
1.（2018·天津卷·单项填空）If
we
___________the
flight
yesterday,
we
would
be
enjoying
our
holiday
on
the
beach
A.
had
caught
B.
caught
C.
have
caught
D.
would
catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had
+
v-ed。故选A。
【名师点睛】本题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间，一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题就是错综条件虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，故用had
+
v-ed，主句与现在事实相反。
2.（2016·江苏卷·单项填空）If
it_________
for
his
invitation
the
other
day,
I
should
not
be
here
now.
A.
had
not
been
B.
should
not
be
C.
were
not
to
be
D.
should
not
have
been
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】本句属于错综条件句的虚拟语气。if从句表示与过去事实相反，所以使用过去完成时，主句表示与现在事实相反，所以使用＂情态动词+动词原形＂。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。故A正确。
3.
(2015·天津)I
wish
I
______
at
my
sister’s
wedding
last
Tuesday,
but
I
was
on
a
business
trip
in
New
York
then.
A.
will
be
B.
would
be
C.
have
been
D.
had
been
【参考答案】D
【试题解析】句意：上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼，但那时我在纽约出差。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句用had
+
过去分词。根据句意可知选D。
题组一
基础过关
I.
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1．I
wish
that
I______________(go)
with
you
to
see
the
film
last
night.
2．Without
electricity，our
life____________(be)
quite
different
today.
3．I
am
a
poor
man
now.
If
I________(have)
money，I______________(buy)
a
large
house.
4．If
she
had
been
more
careful，she____________________(not
make)
these
mistakes
in
the
exam.
5．I
think
people__________________(believe)
my
story
if
I
were
not
so
young.
6．The
man
insisted
that
he____________(do)
his
best
and________________(not
blame)
for
the
failure.
7．But
for
the
rain，we____________(have)
a
pleasant
journey
the
other
day.
8．If
I
________(am)
you，I
would
give
that
patient
a
hug.
9．It
is
raining
so
heavily.
If
the
rain____________________(stop)
this
afternoon，we
could
go
out
for
a
walk.
10．All
the
doctors
in
the
hospital
insisted
that
he__________(be)
badly
wounded
and
that
he___________(operate)
on
at
once.
11．How
I
wish
every
family________(have)
a
large
house
with
a
beautiful
garden.
12．If
everyone
in
the
country________(know)
first
aid，many
lives
would
be
saved.
13．Tom
wishes
that
he
______________(study)
business
instead
of
history
when
he
was
in
university.
14．—John
went
to
the
hospital
alone.
—If
he________________(tell)
me
about
it，I
would
have
gone
with
him.
15．My
father
was
strict.
He
requested
that
I__________________(not
watch)
television
on
this
week
nights.
Ⅱ.
用适当的情态动词填空
1.
Can
you
help
me?
I
_________
never
understand
this.
2.
___________
you
tell
me
what
time
it
is,
please?
3.
Henry
________
walk
when
he
was
one
year
old.
4.
We
are
going
for
a
walk.
_________
you
like
to
join
us?
5.
Tom,
you
___________
leave
your
clothes
on
the
floor
like
this.
6.
The
road
is
wet.
It
__________
have
rained
last
night.
7.
He
has
waited
outside
for
half
an
hour.
___________
he
come
in?
8.
These
flowers
have
died.
You
_____________
have
watered
them.
9.
__________
she
be
ten
years
old
next
month?
10.
I
___________
have
hurt
your
feelings
but
it
was
not
my
intention.
题组二
真题在线
1.(2017·天津)
My
room
is
a
mess,
but
I
________clean
it
before
I
go
out
tonight.
I
can
do
it
in
the
morning.
A.
daren't
B.
shouldn't
C.
needn't
D.
mustn't
2.
(2016·天津)
It
was
really
annoying;
I
________
get
access
to
the
data
bank
you
had
recommended.
A.
wouldn’t
B.
couldn’t
C.
shouldn’t
D.
needn’t
3.(2016·浙江)George
_________
too
far
.
His
coffee
is
still
warm
.
A.
must
have
gone
B.
might
have
gone
C.
can’t
have
gone
D.
needn’t
have
gone
4.（2015
?
重庆）You
_________
be
Carol.
You
haven’t
changed
a
bit
after
all
these
years.
A.
must
B.
can
C.
will
D.
shall
5.
(2017·天津)—Do
you
have
Betty's
phone
number?
—Yes.
Otherwise,
I
________
able
to
reach
her
yesterday.
A.
hadn't
been
B.
wouldn't
have
been
C.
weren't
D.
wouldn't
be
6.(2016·浙江)Had
the
governments
and
scientists
not
worked
together
,
AIDS-related
deaths
_______
since
their
highest
in
2005.
A.
had
not
fallen
B.
would
not
fall
C.
did
not
fall
D.
would
not
have
fallen
7.(2016·北京)Why
didn’t
you
tell
me
about
your
trouble
last
week?
If
you
________
me,
I
could
have
helped.
A.
told
B.
had
told
C.
were
to
tell
D.
would
tell
8.
(2015·安徽)It
is
lucky
we
booked
a
room,
or
we
______nowhere
to
stay
now.
A.
had
B.
had
had
C.
would
have
D.
would
have
had
题组三
名校模拟
I.
单项填空
1.
Lucas
failed
his
driving
test
again.
________
harder,
he
________the
test
now.
A.
If
he
practiced;
would
pass
B.
Had
he
practiced;
would
pass
C.
Did
he
follow;
would
have
passed
D.
Should
he
practice;
would
have
passed
2.
If
we________
a
table
in
advance,
we
wouldn't
be
standing
here
in
the
long
queue.
A.
reserve
B.
reserved
C.
have
reserved
D.
had
reserved
3.
Instead
of
making
choices
for
their
children,
liberal
parents
usually
say,
“Go
where
you
________
.”
A.
will
B.
should
C.
can
D.must
4.
All
the
doctors
in
the
hospital
insisted
that
he
____
badly
wounded
and
that
he
____
at
once.
A.
should
be;
be
operated
on
B.
were;
must
be
operated
on
C.
be;
was
operated
on
D.
was;
be
operated
on
5.
—
My
sister
is
very
upset
today.
—
It’s
your
fault.
You
________
the
bad
news
to
her
yesterday.
A.
should
tell
B.
should
have
told
C.
shouldn’t
have
told
D.
must
tell
6.
—It’s
just
too
difficult.
I’ve
tried
several
times
but
still
cannot
work
it
out.
—You
_______a
wrong
approach.
Adopt
a
new
way
and
see
what
would
happen.
A.
should
have
taken
B.
needn’t
have
taken
C.
must
have
taken
D.
can’t
have
taken
7.
Faced
with
the
phenomenon
that
actors
and
actresses
catch
public
attention,
many
people
insisted
that
it
_____
wrong
and
more
_______
should
be
given
to
those
devoted
scientists.
A.
was;
credit
B.be;
honour
C.
should
be;
appreciation
D.is;
recognition
8.
If
you
______
the
Minister
of
Education,
which
subject
would
you
rather
have
_______
from
the
College
Entrance
Examination?
A.
are;
included
B.
had
been;
been
excluded
C.
were
to;
include
D.
were;
removed
9.
Judging
from
her
expression,
she
the
news
that
Charlie
had
returned
from
Britain.
A.
shouldn’t
have
known
B.
can’t
have
known
C.
mustn’t
have
known
D.
needn’t
have
known
10.
—Is
Mike
coming
to
this
party?
—He
should
but
he
not.
Because
he
has
a
lot
of
work
to
do
tonight.
A.
must
B.
need
C.
may
D.
would
II.
语法填空
The
distance
between
ancient
Rome
and
ancient
China
was
about
4,000
miles
by
land.
It
was
a
very? 1 (danger)
trip
with
deserts
and
mountains.
The
Silk
Road
was
a
nickname
for
any
route? 2 any
trader
took
from
China
to
Rome.
For
a
very
long
time,
the
ancient
Romans
did
not
know
who
was
making
the
wonderful
cloth? 3 (call)
silk.
They
tried
to
find
the
traders
as
they
came
into
villages
to
trade
other
goods
for
silk,
but
the
traders? 4 (hide)
from
the
Romans.
Therefore,
they
had
to
trade
for? 5 themselves.
The
trading
along
the
Silk
Road
was
a
relay
system.
One
trader
would
travel? 6 a
while,
stop
and
trade,
and
return
home.
The
next
trader
would
continue.
And
so
it
went.
But? 7 (actual)
no
trader
made
the
whole
trip.
It
was
too
risky.
As
the
years
went
by,
a
civilization
of
sorts
grew
up
along
the
Silk
Road.
Temples
appeared.
There
were
even? 8 (city)
built
on
the
rare
oasis
(绿洲).
It
was
never
easy 9 (travel)
by
land
from
China
to
Rome,
but
it
was
worth
it.
Romans
traded
gold
for
China’s
silk
and
spices.
But? 10 (many)
things
traveled
the
Silk
Road
than
traders
and
goods.
Ideas
that
changed
the
world
traveled
along
the
Silk
Road
as
well.
虚拟语气专项练习50题
1．---
I’m
sorry.
I
_______
at
you
the
other
day.
---
Forget
it.
I
was
a
bit
out
of
control
myself.
A.
shouldn’t
shout
B.
shouldn’t
have
shouted
C.
mustn’t
shout
D.
mustn’t
have
shouted
2
Thank
you
for
all
y
our
hard
work
last
week.
I
don’t
think
we
____
it
without
you.
A.
can
manage
B.
could
have
managed
C.
could
manage
D.
can
have
managed
3.
____
he
had
not
hurt
his
leg,
John
would
have
won
the
race.
A.
If
B.
Since
C.
Though
D.
When
4
---
If
the
traffic
hadn’t
been
so
heavy,
I
could
have
been
back
by
6
o’clock.
---
What
a
pity!
Tina
____here
to
see
you.
A.
is
B.
was
C.
would
be
D.
has
been
5
I
was
really
anxious
about
you.
You
____home
without
a
word.
A.
mustn’t
leave
B.
shouldn’t
have
left
C.
couldn’t
have
left
D.
needn’t
leave
6
He
suggested
that
the
person
____to
be
punished.
A.
refers
B.
refer
C.
should
refer
D.
referred
7
---
Do
you
think
the
thief
entered
the
room
through
the
back
door?
---
No,
if
he
had,
I
don’t
believe
he
____the
living-room
window.
A.
would
break
B.
broke
C.
would
have
broken
D.
breaks
8
Without
electricity,
human
life
____quite
different
today.
A.
is
B.
will
be
C.
would
have
been
D.
would
be
9
---
____he
come
to
see
you
as
he
promised?
---
Of
course,
please,
and
I’d
rather
he
____
me
the
truth.
A.
Will;
informed
B.
Shall;
told
C.
Should;
will
tell
D.
Can;
tell
10
---
He
looks
very
hot
and
dry.
---
So
____
if
you
had
a
temperature
of
39.
A.
would
you
B.
will
you
C.
would
you
have
been
D.
do
you
11
I
forget
where
I
read
the
article,
or
I
________
it
to
you
now.
A.
will
show
B.
would
show
C.
am
going
to
show
D.
am
showing
12.
“It
looks
as
if
he
were
drunk.”
“So
it
does.
_________.”
A.
He’d
better
give
up
drinking
B.
He
shouldn’t
have
drunk
so
much
C.
Health
is
more
important
than
drink
D.
I
wonder
why
he
is
always
doing
so
13.
“Mary
looks
hot
and
dry”
“So
_________
you
if
you
had
so
high
a
fever.”
A.
do
B.
are
C.
will
D.
would
14.
“He
will
come
tomorrow.”
“But
I’d
rather
he
_________
the
day
after
tomorrow.”
A.
will
come
B.
is
coming
C.
came
D.
had
come
15.
All
the
doctors
in
the
hospital
insisted
that
he
________
badly
wounded
and
that
he
________
at
once.
A.
should
be;
be
operated
on
B.
were;
must
be
operated
on
C.
was;
should
be
operated
D.
was;
be
operated
on
16.
_________
smoking,
he
would
not
have
got
cancer
in
the
lung.
A.
Was
he
given
up
B.
Had
he
given
up
C.
Did
he
give
D.
If
he
gave
up
17.
What
a
pity!
Considering
his
ability
and
experience,
he
____
better。
A.
need
have
done
B.
must
have
done
C.
can
have
done
D.
might
have
done
18.
I
to
go
for
a
walk,
but
someone
called
and
I
couldn’t
get
way。
A.
was
planning
B.
had
planned
C.
planned
D.
would
plan
19.
I
would
like
_______
you
to
my
birthday
party,
but
I
was
busy
and
forgot
to
call
you。
A.
to
invite
B.
inviting
C.
to
have
invited
D.
having
invited
20.
Had
Paul
received
six
more
votes
in
the
last
election,
he
______
our
chairman
now.
A.
must
have
been
B.
would
have
been
C.
were
D.
would
be
21.
______
the
English
examination
I
would
have
gone
to
the
concert
last
Sunday.
A.
In
spite
of
B.
But
for
C.
Because
of
D.
As
for
22．The
sun
rises
in
the
east
and
sets
in
the
west,
so
it
seems
as
if
the
sun
________round
the
earth.
A.
were
circling
B.
circles
C.
is
circling
D.
be
circling
23．Had
he
worked
harder,
he
_____
the
exams.
A.
must
have
got
through
B.
would
have
got
through
C.
would
get
through
D.
could
get
through
24．I'd
rather
you
_____
by
train,
because
I
can't
bear
the
idea
of
your
being
in
an
airplane
in
such
bad
weather.
A.
would
go
B.
should
go
C.
went
D.
had
gone
25．_____
for
the
timely
investment
from
the
general
public,
our
company
would
not
be
so
thriving
as
it
is.
A.
Had
it
not
been
B.
Were
it
not
C.
Be
it
not
D.
Should
it
not
be
26.
We
are
all
for
your
proposal
that
discussion
_____.
A.
be
put
off
B.
was
put
off
C.
should
put
off
D.
is
to
put
off
27.
Look
at
the
terrible
situation
I
am
in!
If
only
I
____
your
advice.
A.
follow
B.
had
followed
C.
would
follow
D.
have
followed
28.
Without
electronic
computers,
much
of
today’s
advanced
technology
______
.
A.
will
not
have
been
achieved
B.
have
not
been
achieved
C.
would
not
have
been
achieved
D.
had
not
been
achieved
29.
When
Edison
died,
it
was
proposed
that
the
American
people
_______
all
power
in
their
homes,
streets,
and
factories
for
several
minutes
in
honour
of
this
great
man.
A.
turn
off
B.
turned
off
C.
would
turn
off
D.
had
turned
off
30.
There
is
a
real
possibility
that
these
animals
could
be
frightened,
_______a
sudden
loud
noise.
A.
being
there
B.
should
there
be
C.
there
was
D.
there
having
been
31.
Looking
round
the
town,
he
felt
as
though
he
______
away
for
ages.
A.
has
been
B.
was
C.
is
D.
had
been
32.
Jean
doesn't
want
to
work
right
away
because
she
thinks
that
if
she
______
a
job
she
probably
wouldn't
be
able
to
see
her
friends
very
often.
A.
has
to
get
B.
had
got
C.
were
to
get
D.
could
have
got
33.____
you
known
the
truth,
you
should
have
told
him
.
A.
Have
B.
Had
C.
Having
D.
If
34.
It’s
high
time
you
______.
A.
start
to
work
B.
would
start
to
work
C.
started
to
work
D.
had
started
to
work
35.
Bob
would
have
helped
us
yesterday,
but
he-_______
A.
was
busy
B.
is
busy
C.
had
been
busy.
D.
will
be
busy
36.
John
went
to
the
hospital
alone.
If
he
me
about
it,
I
would
have
gone
with
him.
A.
should
tell
B.
tells
C.
told
D.
had
told
37.
If
we
___
the
other
road,
we
might
have
arrived
here
in
time
for
the
meeting.
A.
take
B.
had
taken
C.
took
D.
have
taken
38.
--The
weather
has
been
very
hot
and
dry.
--Yes.
If
it
had
rained
even
a
drop,
things
would
be
much
better
now!
And
my
vegetables.
A.
wouldn't
die
B.
didn't
die
C.
hadn't
died
D.
wouldn't
have
died
39.
Had
I
known
about
this
computer
program,
a
huge
amount
of
time
and
energy______
.
A．would
have
been
saved
B．had
been
saved
C．will
be
saved
D．was
saved
40.---Sorry,
Professor
Smith.
I
didn't
finish
the
assignment
yesterday.
---Oh,
you
have
done
it
as
yesterday
was
the
deadline.
A.
must
B.
mustn't
C.
should
D.
shouldn't
41.
_____
the
sun,
nothing
on
earth
could
live.
A.
Were
it
not
to
B.
If
it
were
not
to
C.
If
it
had
not
been
for
D.
If
it
were
not
for
42.
If
he
_____,
give
him
the
message.
A.
were
coming
B.
would
come
C.
should
come
D.
were
come
43.
Were
I
to
move
to
a
foreign
country,
I
_____
away
all
my
furniture
in
my
house
here.
A.
would
give
B.
shall
give
C.
gave
D.
will
give
44.
I
would
go
to
the
concert
but
I
_____
no
time.
A.
had
B.
had
had
C.
have
D.
has
45.
—Would
you
have
told
him
the
answer?
—Yes,
I
would
have,
but
I
_____
so
busy
then.
A.
had
been
B.
were
C.
was
D.
am
46.
—Why
didn’t
you
buy
it?
—I
_____
but
I
didn’t
have
the
money.
A.
would
B.
would
have
C.
had
had
D.
had
bought
47.
—You
should
have
finished
it
sooner.
—I
know
but
I
_____
the
time.
A.
don’t
have
B.
won’t
have
C.
didn’t
have
D.
had
not
48.
_____
water,
we
could
not
live
a
day
in
the
desert.
A.
Without
B.
No
C.
Having
no
D.
But
not
for
49.
If
you
_____
the
doctor’s
advice,
you
would
have
recovered
already.
A.
followed
B.
would
followed
C.
will
follow
D.
had
followed
50.
If
he
had
not
lost
the
money,
he
_____
the
piano
last
week.
A.
could
have
bought
B.
had
bought
C.
would
buy
D.
have
bought
考点详解
考向1
情态动词
考向2
情态动词+have
done
难点剖析
考向3
虚拟语气
难点剖析
检测训练解密08情态动词和虚拟语气
【考纲解读】
1.
考生应掌握can,
could,
may,
might,
must,
will,
would,
shall,
should,
ought
to,
need,
dare,
be
able
to,
used
to等情态动词的基本用法。
2.
考生应掌握虚拟语气在非真实条件句、名词性从句及其他句型中的运用。
【命题趋势】
情态动词和虚拟语气为中学英语考纲要求的内容，并且是高考内容中的难点之一。预计在以后的高考中，可能会对情态动词和虚拟语气进行考查，且还可能通过虚拟语气形式考查某种时态的某个形式。
一、
can,
could
与
be
able
to
1.
表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。
?Can
you
lift
this
heavy
box?（体力）
?Mary
can
speak
three
languages.（知识）
?Can
you
skate?（技能）
此时可用be
able
to代替。
can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be
able
to则有更多的时态。
?I’ll
not
be
able
to
come
this
afternoon.
当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be
able
to，不能用can。如：
?He
was
able
to
go
to
the
party
yesterday
evening
in
spite
of
the
heavy
rain.
2.
表示请求和允许。
?——Can
I
go
now?
——Yes,
you
can.
/
No,
you
can’t.
此时可与may互换。
在疑问句中还可用could,
might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。
?——Could
I
come
to
see
you
tomorrow?
——
Yes,
you
can.
(
No,
I’m
afraid
not.
)
3.
表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。
?They’ve
changed
the
timetable,
so
we
can
go
by
bus
instead.
This
hall
can
hold
500
people
at
least.
4.
表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
?Can
this
be
true?
?This
can’t
be
done
by
him.
How
can
this
be
true?
1.
(2020·天津卷·单项填空)Jim
says
we
______
stay
in
his
house
as
long
as
we
leave
it
clean
and
tidy
.
A.
must
B.
can
C.
need
D.
should
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。A.
must必须；B.
can能，可以；C.
need需要；D.
should应该。根据后面的“as
long
as
we
leave
it
clean
and
tidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。
2.
(2018·北京卷·单项填空)
In
today’s
information
age,
the
loss
of
data
_________
cause
serious
problems
for
a
company.
A.
need
B.
should
C.
can
D.
must
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。
3.
(2017·北京卷·单项填空)Samuel,
the
tallest
boy
in
our
class,
________
easily
reach
the
books
on
the
top
shelf.
A.
must
B.
should
C.
can
D.
need
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查情态动词。can表示能力，意为“能够”。故答案为C。句意：塞缪尔——我们班个子最高的男孩——能够轻松地够到架子顶层上的书。
二、
may,
might
1.
表示请求和允许。
might比
may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t
或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。
?——Might/
May
I
smoke
in
this
room?
——No,
you
mustn’t.
?——May/Might
I
take
this
book
out
of
the
room?
——Yes,
you
can.
(No,
you
can’t
/
mustn’t.
)
用May
I...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can
I...？在口语中更常见。
2.
用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
?May
you
succeed!
might为may的过去式，但也可以代替may，语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。He
might
not
come
today.
今天他也许不来了。(语气不肯定)
You
might
also
get
a
headache
when
you
work
too
hard.
当你工作太努力时，你也可能患头痛。
You
feel
all
the
training
a
waste
of
time,
but
I’m
a
hundred
percent
sure
later
you’ll
be
grateful
you
did
it.
A.
should
B.
need
C.
shall
D.
may
【参考答案】D
【答案解析】句意：你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间，但是我有100%的把握你以后会感激它的。should应该；need需要；shall将会；may（不确定）可能。所以选D。
三、
must,
have
to
1.
表示必须、必要
?You
must
come
in
time.
在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t,
don’t
have
to（不必）。
?——Must
we
hand
in
our
exercise
books
today?
——Yes,
you
must.
/No,
you
don’t
have
to
/
you
needn’t.
2.
must是说话人的主观看法，而have
to则强调客观需要。
must只有一般现在时，
have
to
有更多的时态形式。
?I
really
must
go
now.
?I
had
to
work
when
I
was
your
age.
3.
must表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）
?You’re
Tom’s
good
friend,
so
you
must
know
what
he
likes
best.
?Your
mother
must
be
waiting
for
you
now.
①must开头的疑问句，其否定回答通常用don’t
have
to或needn’t。而不用mustn’t。
—Must
I
finish
my
homework
first?
我必须先完成作业吗？—No,
you
don’t
have
to/
needn’t.
不，你不必。②can和must在表推测时，can一般用于否定句中，而must
常用于肯定句中。It
can
not
be
Li
Lei.
那个人不可能是李磊。
It
must
be
Li
Lei.
那个人肯定是李磊。
1.—Can’t
you
stay
a
little
longer?
—It’s
getting
late.
I
really
_________go
now,
My
daughter
is
home
alone.
A
.may
B
.can
C
.
must
D
.dare
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。A.
may可能，可以，也许；
can能，会；C.
must必须，必然要，必定会；D.
dare敢，胆敢。结合句意，故选C。
2.
You
__________be
careful
with
the
camera.
It
costs!
A
.must
B.
may
C.
can
D.
will
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】考查情态动词。根据下文的it
costs可知，照相机很昂贵，可推断此处是说，你一定要非常小心对待照相机。故选A
。may可能；can能够，有时会；will会，愿意。
四、
dare,
need
1.
dare作情态动词用时,
常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,
过去式形式为dared。
?How
dare
you
say
I’m
unfair?
?He
daren’t
speak
English
before
such
a
crowd,
dare
he?
?If
we
dared
not
go
there
that
day，we
couldn’t
get
the
beautiful
flowers.
2.
need
作情态动词用时,
常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must,
have
to,
ought
to,
should代替。
?You
needn’t
come
so
early.
?—Need
I
finish
the
work
today?
—Yes,
you
must.
/
No,
you
needn’t.
注意：
dare和
need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句
中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可
接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
?I
dare
to
swim
across
this
river.
?He
doesn’t
dare
(to)
answer.
?He
needs
to
finish
his
homework
today.
五、
shall,
should
1.
shall
用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。
?What
shall
we
do
this
evening?
2.
shall
用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
?You
shall
fail
if
you
don’t
work
hard.(警告)
?He
shall
have
the
book
when
I
finish
it.(允诺)
?He
shall
be
punished.(威胁)
3．should表示义务、职责等，意为＂应该＂。
?You
should
be
strict
with
yourself
as
an
officer.
作为一名官员，你应该严格要求自己。
六、
will,
would
1.
表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。
?Will
/
Would
you
pass
me
the
ball,
please?
2.
表示意志、愿望和决心。
?I
will
never
do
that
again.
?They
asked
him
if
he
would
go
abroad.
3.
would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used
to正式，且没有“现已无此习
惯”的含义。
?During
the
vacation,
he
would
visit
me
every
other
day.
?The
wound
would
not
heal.
1.
（2019.天津卷Ⅰ）The
professor
warned
the
students
that
on
no
account
______
use
mobile
phones
in
the
class.
A.
should
they
B.
they
should
C.
dare
they
D.
they
dare
【参考答案】A
【试题解析】考查特殊句式和情态动词。句意：
教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上绝不要使用手机。在that
引导的宾语从句中，表否定意义的介词短语on
no
account
位于句首，后面的主、谓需要用部分倒装结构，故排除B项和D项；根据句意可知此处应该用情态动词should，故选A。
2.(2018·新课标II卷·短文改错)
As
kid,
I
loved
to
watch
cartoons,
but
no
matter
how
many
times
I
asked
to
them,
my
parents
would
not
to
let
me.
【参考答案】删除let前的to
【答案解析】would后跟动词原形，故把to删除。
七、
should,
ought
to
1.
should,
ought
to表示“应该”，ought
to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。
?I
should
help
her
because
she
is
in
trouble.
?You
ought
to
take
care
of
the
baby.
2.
表示劝告、建议和命令。should,
ought
to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。
?You
should
/
ought
to
go
to
class
right
away.
?Should
I
open
the
window?
3.
表示推测
should
,
ought
to
(客观推测),
must(主观推测)。
?He
must
be
home
by
now.
(断定他已到家)
?He
ought
to/should
be
home
by
now.(不太肯定)
?This
is
where
the
oil
must
be.(直爽)
?This
is
where
the
oil
ought
to/should
be.(含蓄)
情态动词＋have
done
用法
must
have
done
一定做过某事，其否定形式为can’t/couldn’t
have
done
can/could
have
done
(1)本来能够做但却未做(2)可能做过某事
can’t/couldn’t
have
done
不可能做过某事
may/might
have
done
或许/可能做过某事
should/ought
to
have
done
本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了
needn’t
have
done
做了本没有必要做的事情
1.＂must
have
done＂
?表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成＂一定做过某事＂，该结构只用于肯定句。
?It
must
have
rained
last
night,
for
the
ground
is
wet.
昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。
?You
must
have
been
mad
to
speak
to
the
servant.
你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。
2.＂can’t
have
done＂
表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成＂不可能做过某事＂。
?Mr
Smith
can’t
have
gone
to
Beijing,
for
I
saw
him
in
the
library
just
now.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。
?Mary
can’t
have
stolen
your
money.
She
has
gone
home.
玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。
3.＂can
have
done＂
?表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成＂可能做过……吗？＂。
?There
is
no
light
in
the
room.
Can
they
have
gone
out?
屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？
?There
is
nowhere
to
find
them.
Where
can
they
have
gone?
到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？
4.＂could
have
done＂
是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。
?He
could
have
passed
the
exam,
but
he
was
too
careless.
本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。
5.＂may
have
done＂
表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是＂可能已经＂或＂也许已经＂，用于肯定句中。
?—What
has
happened
to
George?
乔治发生了什么事？
—I
don’t
know.
He
may
have
got
lost.
我不知道，他可能迷路了。
6.＂might
have
done＂
表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。
?She
might
have
achieved
greater
progress,
if
you
had
given
her
more
chances.
如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得了更大的成绩。
7.＂would
have
done＂
虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是＂本来会……＂。
?I
would
have
told
you
all
about
the
boy’s
story,
but
you
didn’t
ask
me.
我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。
8.＂should
have
done＂
意思是＂本来应该做某事，而实际没做＂。＂shouldn’t+have+done＂表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含义。
?Tom,
you
are
too
lazy.
The
work
should
have
been
finished
yesterday.
汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。
?Look,
Tom
is
crying.
I
shouldn’t
have
been
so
harsh
on
him.
看，汤姆哭了，我本不应该对他如此严厉的。
9.＂ought
to
have
done＂
表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成＂理应做……＂，往往表示遗憾。与＂should
have
done＂用法基本一样。
?I
ought
to
have
gone
home
last
Sunday.
我理应上星期日回家。
?You
ought
not
to
have
given
him
more
help.
你不应该帮助他那么多。
10.＂need
have
done＂
表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。＂needn’t
have
done＂则表示＂本来不需要做某事而实际做了＂
?I
needn’t
have
bought
so
much
wine
—
only
five
people
came.
我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。
?He
need
have
hurried
to
the
station.
In
that
case,
he
wouldn’t
have
missed
the
train.
他本来需要快点去车站的，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。
—Sorry,
Mum!
I
failed
the
job
interview
again.
—Oh,
it’s
too
bad.
You
_____________
have
made
full
preparations.
A.
must
B.
can
C.
would
D.
should
【参考答案】D
【答案解析】考查情态动词+have
done结构。句意：——对不起，妈妈，我面试又失败了。——噢，那太糟糕了，你应该做好充分准备的。A.must必须；B.can可以；C.would将会；D.should应该。can
have
done＂表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成＂可能做过……吗？＂；could
have
done表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做；must
have
done＂表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成＂一定做过某事＂，该结构只用于肯定句；should
have
done＂的意思是＂本来应该做某事，而实际没做。故选D。
情态动词表猜测的用法：
一、can
/
could用于表推测的用法
(1)
从使用句型上看，can
通常只用于否定句或疑问句，一般不用于肯定句，而could
可用于肯定句、否定
句和疑问句。两者没有时间上的差别，只是could
比
can
更委婉，更不确定。如：
?It
can’t
[couldn’t]
be
true.
那不可能是真的。
?What
can
[could]
they
be
doing?
他们会在干什么呢?
?We
could
go
there
this
summer.
今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。
注：can
有时也用于肯定句中表示推测，主要用于表示理论上的可能性(即从理论上看是可能的，但实际未必会发生)，或表示“有时”之意。如：
?Even
experienced
teachers
can
make
mistakes.
即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。
?She
can
be
very
unpleasant.
她有时很令人讨厌。
(2)
从时间关系看，对现在或将来情况作推测，后接动词原形；对正在进行的情况作推测，后接
be
doing
结
构；对过去情况作推测，后接动词完成式。如：
?He
could
have
gone
home.
他可能已经回家了。
?He
can’t
[couldn’t]
have
understood.
他不可能理解了。
?Why
does
he
know
this?
Can
[Could]
someone
have
told
him
about
it?
他怎么知道?
会是哪个人告诉他了吗?
(3)
“could+完成式”除表示对过去的推测外，还有以下重要用法：
①表示过去没有实现的可能性，常译为“本来可以”。如：
?I
could
have
lent
you
the
money．Why
didn’t
you
ask
me?
我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出?
②用来委婉地责备某人过去应该做某事而没有去做，常译为“本来应该”。如：
?You
could
have
helped
him.
你本来应该帮助他的。
③表示“差点儿就要”。如：
?I
could
have
died
laughing.
我差点儿笑死了。
二、
may
/
might用于表推测的用法
表示推测，两者都可用，只是
might
比
may
语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。
(1)
在句型使用方面：两者均可用于肯定句和否定句，但用于疑问句时，may通常不用于句首，但可用于疑
问句的句中（如特殊疑问句等），而might尽管可以用于疑问句的句首，但不算普通，通常会改用其他
句式（如用could等）。如：
?He
may
[might]
know
the
answer.
他可能知道答案。
?He
may
[might]
not
believe
you.
他可能不会相信你。
?And
who
may
[might]
she
be?
那么她会是哪一位呢？
(2)
从时间关系看，对现在或将来情况作推测，后接动词原形；对正在进行的情况作推测，后接
be
doing
结
构；对过去情况作推测，后接动词完成式。如：
?He
may
[might]
tell
his
wife.
他也许会告诉他妻子。
?He
may
[might]
be
writing
a
letter.
他可能在写信。
?She
may
[might]
have
read
it
in
the
papers.
她可能在报上已读到过此事。
(3)“might+完成式”除表示对过去的推测外，还有以下重要用法：
①
表示过去某事可能发生而实际上却并没发生。如：
?It
was
really
very
dangerous.
I
might
have
killed
myself.
那真的是太危险了，我差点没命了。
?A
lot
of
men
died
who
might
have
been
saved．很多人本来可以获救的却死了。
②
表示委婉的批评或责备。如：
?You
might
have
made
greater
progress.
你的进步本来可更大一些的。
?You
might
at
least
have
answered
my
letter.
你至少可以回我一封信嘛。
三、must表示推测的用法
must
表示很有把握的推测，其意为“一定会”“肯定会”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。表示对现在或未来的情况作推测，后接动词原形；表示对过去情况的推测，接动词完成式。如：
?I
must
be
the
happiest
woman
on
earth!
我一定是世界上最幸福的女人了。
?No,
he
must
be
lying.
不，他一定在撒谎
?He
must
have
mistaken
my
meaning.
他一定误会了我的意思。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
包含条件从句的句子称为条件句。条件句分为两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况很可能发生，就用真实条件句。
?If
he
has
time,
he
wil
come.
如果他有时间，他会来的。
?He
won’t
succeed
unless
we
plan
well.
他不会成功的，除非我们计划好。
如果假设的情况发生的可能性不大，则用虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句分为三种，见下表：
假设情况
条件从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
与现在事实相反
过去式（be的过去式常用were）
would/should/might/could
+
动词原形
与将来事实相反
(1)
过去式(2)should
+
动词原形(3)were
to
+
动词原形
would/should/might/could
+
动词原形
与过去事实相反
过去完成时（had
+
过去分词）
would/should/might/could
+
过去分词
?If
he
had
time
now，he
would(could，might)go
with
you.
要是他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)
?If
you
had
come
a
few
minutes
earlier，you
would(could，might)
have
met
the
famous
singer.
如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反)
?If
it
were
to
snow
this
evening，they
would
not
go
out.
如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)
二、几种特殊的虚拟条件从句
1．省略if形式的虚拟语气
在if虚拟条件句中，若省略if，则将should，were，had前置，构成主谓倒装句式。
?Had
I
worked
harder，I
would
have
succeeded.
如果我当时努力学习的话，我就会成功的。
?Were
she
my
daughter(Should
she
be
my
daughter)，I
wouldn't
allow
her
to
study
abroad.
如果她是我的女儿的话，我就不让她出国学习了。
2．混合虚拟语气
若主句和从句所表示的时间不一致，就构成了混合虚拟语气或错综虚拟语气，此时，主句和从句的时态形式根据实际的时间概念来定。
?If
she
had
followed
the
doctor's
words，she
would
feel
better
now.
如果当初她听从了医生的建议，现在就会好多了。
3．含蓄虚拟语气
有时候假设的条件不是通过条件从句表达，而是隐含在某些介词短语中，如without...，连词but
for，otherwise，or等中。
?Without
music(＝If
there
were
no
music)，the
world
would
be
dull.
世界若无音乐将会很枯燥。
?I'm
really
very
busy，otherwise
I
would
certainly
go
there
with
you.(otherwise＝if
I
were
not
so
busy)
我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。
三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
1.
动词wish后的宾语从句。
表示现在的情况，从句谓语用过去式；表示过去的情况，从句谓语用过去完成式；表示将来的情况，从句谓语用＂would/
should/could/might
+
动词原形＂。
?I
wish
I
were
ten
years
younger
now.
我希望我现在年轻十岁。
?I
wish
I
had
met
him
yesterday.
我昨天能遇到他就好了。
?I
wish
I
would
be
a
scientist.
我希望将来成为科学家。
1.
(2020·江苏卷·单项填空)28.
If
I
hadn’t
been
faced
with
so
many
barriers,
I
_____where
I
am.
A.
won’t
be
B.
wouldn’t
have
been
C.
wouldn’t
be
D.
shouldn’t
have
been
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where
I
am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。故选C。
2.
(2018·江苏卷·单项填空)There
is
a
good
social
life
in
the
village,
and
I
wish
I
_______
a
second
chance
to
become
more
involved.
A.
had
B.
will
have
C.
would
have
had
D.
have
had
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。
2.
在表示请求、建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语用＂should
+
动词原形＂，should可省略。
常见的这类动词有：suggest，recommend，
insist，
order，
require，
advise，
demand，
command，
ask，
request，propose等。
?He
suggested
that
we
(should)
be
here
in
time.
他建议我们及时到那儿。
?The
doctor
advised
that
he
(should)
change
his
job.
医生劝他换工作。
1.(2018·江苏卷·单项填空)
It’s?strange?that?he?_______
have?taken?the?books?without?the?owner’s?permission.
A.
would
B.
should
C.
could
D.
might
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It
is
important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural
that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。
2.（2016·全国新课标卷II·短文改错）Some
classmates
suggest
we
can
go
to
places
of
interest
nearby.
【参考答案】删除can或can改为should
【答案解析】考查虚拟语气。动词suggest作为建议讲的时候，后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气＂（should+）动词原形＂，所以本句可以删除can或can改为should。
3.
在would
rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成式表示过去的情况。
?I
would
rather
you
told
me
the
truth.
我愿意你跟我讲真话。
?I
would
rather
you
had
been
present.
我倒愿意你当时在场。
4．在＂It
is
(about/high)
time＋that从句＂中，谓语动词常用过去式或＂should＋动词原形＂表示虚拟语气，注意should不可省略。
?It’s
high
time
that
we
devoted
ourselves
to
environmental
protection.
是我们致力于环境保护的时候了。
5．as
if，as
though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
?They
talked
and
talked
as
if
they
would
never
meet
again.
他们谈啊谈好像永远不会再见面一样。
6．if
only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。
?Look
at
the
trouble
we’re
in.If
only
we
had
taken
our
teacher’s
advice！
看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！
1.
（2019.天津卷Ⅰ）The
workers
were
not
better
organized,
otherwise
they
______the
task
in
half
the
time.
A.
Accomplished
B.
had
accomplished
C.
would
accomplish
D.
would
have
accomplished
【参考答案】B
【试题解析】考查虚拟语气。工人没有被更好地组织起来，否则他们用一半时间就能完成任务。表示对过去的虚拟，需要would/could/might/should
have
done的形式，故选D项。
1.（2017?江苏卷）
_______
not
for
the
support
of
the
teachers,
the
student
could
not
overcome
her
difficulty.
A.
It
were
B.
Were
it
C.
It
was
D.
Was
it
【参考答案】B
【试题解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were
/Should/
Had
I...，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该学生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
2.（2017?天津卷）
—Do
you
have
Betty’s
phone
number?
—Yes.
Otherwise,
I
______able
to
reach
her
yesterday.
A.
hadn’t
been
B.
wouldn’t
have
been
C.
weren’t
D.
wouldn’t
be
【参考答案】
B
【试题解析】句意：——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？——有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。根据标志词otherwise，否则相当于一个条件状语从句：If
I
hadn't
have
her
phone
number，即对过去的虚拟的条件状语从句，可以判断出主句用wouldn't
have
done表示对过去情况的虚拟，故选B。
错综时间条件句的虚拟语气
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为＂错综时间条件句＂，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
?If
you
had
followed
the
doctor’s
advice，you
would
be
better
now.
如果你当时听医生建议的话，你现在就好多了。
1.（2018·天津卷·单项填空）If
we
___________the
flight
yesterday,
we
would
be
enjoying
our
holiday
on
the
beach
A.
had
caught
B.
caught
C.
have
caught
D.
would
catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had
+
v-ed。故选A。
【名师点睛】本题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间，一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题就是错综条件虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，故用had
+
v-ed，主句与现在事实相反。
2.（2016·江苏卷·单项填空）If
it_________
for
his
invitation
the
other
day,
I
should
not
be
here
now.
A.
had
not
been
B.
should
not
be
C.
were
not
to
be
D.
should
not
have
been
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】本句属于错综条件句的虚拟语气。if从句表示与过去事实相反，所以使用过去完成时，主句表示与现在事实相反，所以使用＂情态动词+动词原形＂。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。故A正确。
3.
(2015·天津)I
wish
I
______
at
my
sister’s
wedding
last
Tuesday,
but
I
was
on
a
business
trip
in
New
York
then.
A.
will
be
B.
would
be
C.
have
been
D.
had
been
【参考答案】D
【试题解析】句意：上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼，但那时我在纽约出差。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句用had
+
过去分词。根据句意可知选D。
题组一
基础过关
I.
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1．I
wish
that
I______________(go)
with
you
to
see
the
film
last
night.
2．Without
electricity，our
life____________(be)
quite
different
today.
3．I
am
a
poor
man
now.
If
I________(have)
money，I______________(buy)
a
large
house.
4．If
she
had
been
more
careful，she____________________(not
make)
these
mistakes
in
the
exam.
5．I
think
people__________________(believe)
my
story
if
I
were
not
so
young.
6．The
man
insisted
that
he____________(do)
his
best
and________________(not
blame)
for
the
failure.
7．But
for
the
rain，we____________(have)
a
pleasant
journey
the
other
day.
8．If
I
________(am)
you，I
would
give
that
patient
a
hug.
9．It
is
raining
so
heavily.
If
the
rain____________________(stop)
this
afternoon，we
could
go
out
for
a
walk.
10．All
the
doctors
in
the
hospital
insisted
that
he__________(be)
badly
wounded
and
that
he___________(operate)
on
at
once.
11．How
I
wish
every
family________(have)
a
large
house
with
a
beautiful
garden.
12．If
everyone
in
the
country________(know)
first
aid，many
lives
would
be
saved.
13．Tom
wishes
that
he
______________(study)
business
instead
of
history
when
he
was
in
university.
14．—John
went
to
the
hospital
alone.
—If
he________________(tell)
me
about
it，I
would
have
gone
with
him.
15．My
father
was
strict.
He
requested
that
I__________________(not
watch)
television
on
this
week
nights.
【答案】
1.
had
gone
2.
would
be
3.
had；would
buy
4.
wouldn’t
have
made
5.
would
believe
6.
had
done；not
be
blamed
7.
would
have
had
8.
were
9.
were
to
stop/should
stop/stopped
10.
was；(should)
be
operated
11.
had
12.
knew
13.
had
studied
14.
had
told
15.
(should)
not
watch
Ⅱ.
用适当的情态动词填空
1.
Can
you
help
me?
I
_________
never
understand
this.
2.
___________
you
tell
me
what
time
it
is,
please?
3.
Henry
________
walk
when
he
was
one
year
old.
4.
We
are
going
for
a
walk.
_________
you
like
to
join
us?
5.
Tom,
you
___________
leave
your
clothes
on
the
floor
like
this.
6.
The
road
is
wet.
It
__________
have
rained
last
night.
7.
He
has
waited
outside
for
half
an
hour.
___________
he
come
in?
8.
These
flowers
have
died.
You
_____________
have
watered
them.
9.
__________
she
be
ten
years
old
next
month?
10.
I
___________
have
hurt
your
feelings
but
it
was
not
my
intention.
【答案】
1.
can
2.
Could/Can
3.
could
4.
Would
5.
mustn’t
6.
must
7.
Shall
8.
should
9.
Will
10.
may
题组二
真题在线
1.(2017·天津)
My
room
is
a
mess,
but
I
________clean
it
before
I
go
out
tonight.
I
can
do
it
in
the
morning.
A.
daren't
B.
shouldn't
C.
needn't
D.
mustn't
【答案】C
【解析】
考查情态动词。根据“I
can
do
it
in
the
morning.”可知现在没必要打扫房间。故选C项。needn't不必；daren't不敢；shouldn't不应该；mustn't不准，禁止。句意：我的房间很乱，不过今晚在我出去之前，我没必要打扫它。我可以在(明天)早晨打扫。
2.
(2016·天津)
It
was
really
annoying;
I
________
get
access
to
the
data
bank
you
had
recommended.
A.
wouldn’t
B.
couldn’t
C.
shouldn’t
D.
needn’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这真是令人生气的；我不能进入你推荐的数据库。wouldn’t不愿意；couldn’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必。故选B。
3.(2016·浙江)George
_________
too
far
.
His
coffee
is
still
warm
.
A.
must
have
gone
B.
might
have
gone
C.
can’t
have
gone
D.
needn’t
have
gone
【答案】C
【答案】句意：乔治不可能走得太远了。他的咖啡仍然是温的。can’t
have
done是对过去的否定推测；must
have
done过去一定做了某事；might
have
done过去可能做了某事；needn’t
have
done过去本不必做某事。故选C。
4.（2015
?
重庆）You
_________
be
Carol.
You
haven’t
changed
a
bit
after
all
these
years.
A.
must
B.
can
C.
will
D.
shall
【答案】D
【解析】句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变化。must表示对现在的肯定推测。
5.
(2017·天津)—Do
you
have
Betty's
phone
number?
—Yes.
Otherwise,
I
________
able
to
reach
her
yesterday.
A.
hadn't
been
B.
wouldn't
have
been
C.
weren't
D.
wouldn't
be
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。由空前的otherwise可知应用虚拟语气，再结合句意可知此处表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用would
have
done，故选B项。句意：＂你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？＂＂有。不然的话，我昨天就不会联系上她了。＂
6.(2016·浙江)Had
the
governments
and
scientists
not
worked
together
,
AIDS-related
deaths
_______
since
their
highest
in
2005.
A.
had
not
fallen
B.
would
not
fall
C.
did
not
fall
D.
would
not
have
fallen
【答案】D
【解析】句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降。使用虚拟语气，
if条件句用的had
done，而且省略it，将had提前，主句用would
have
done表示对过去情况的虚拟。故选D。
7.(2016·北京)Why
didn’t
you
tell
me
about
your
trouble
last
week?
If
you
________
me,
I
could
have
helped.
A.
told
B.
had
told
C.
were
to
tell
D.
would
tell
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：你上周为什么没有告诉我你遇到的麻烦？如果你告诉我的话，我就可以帮你了。根据第一句可知，这里是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟，if条件句的时态应该用过去完成时，故选B。
8.
(2015·安徽)It
is
lucky
we
booked
a
room,
or
we
______nowhere
to
stay
now.
A.
had
B.
had
had
C.
would
have
D.
would
have
had
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我们很幸运地订到了房间，否则的话，我们现在就会无处可去了。or引导含蓄虚拟条件句，or后面是主句，相当于if
we
hadn’t
booked
a
room,
we
would
have
nowhere
to
stay
now.，根据
＂now＂可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用would+动词原形，故选C。
题组三
名校模拟
I.
单项填空
1.
Lucas
failed
his
driving
test
again.
________
harder,
he
________the
test
now.
A.
If
he
practiced;
would
pass
B.
Had
he
practiced;
would
pass
C.
Did
he
follow;
would
have
passed
D.
Should
he
practice;
would
have
passed
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：Lucas驾照考试又失败了，如果他更加努力地练习，现在他就通过考试了。根据语境可知，从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，省略if，had提前使用倒装句。主句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词用would+原形动词。故选B。
2.
If
we________
a
table
in
advance,
we
wouldn't
be
standing
here
in
the
long
queue.
A.
reserve
B.
reserved
C.
have
reserved
D.
had
reserved
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们事先预定了一张桌子，我们就不会站在这长长的队伍里了。根据句意可知，从句是对过去的虚拟，与过去事实相反，所以从句中应使用过去完成时；主句与现在事实相反，使用would/
could/
might/
should
do…结果。故选D。
3.
Instead
of
making
choices
for
their
children,
liberal
parents
usually
say,
“Go
where
you
________
.”
A.
will
B.
should
C.
can
D.must
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：开明的父母通常会说：“去你想去的地方吧”，而不是替他们的孩子做选择。A.
will愿意，意志；B.
should应该；C.
can能够；D.
must必须。故选A。
4.
All
the
doctors
in
the
hospital
insisted
that
he
____
badly
wounded
and
that
he
____
at
once.
A.
should
be;
be
operated
on
B.
were;
must
be
operated
on
C.
be;
was
operated
on
D.
was;
be
operated
on
【答案】D
【解析】考查insist的用法。句意为：医院里所有的医生都坚持认为他伤情很严重并坚决主张他必须马上做手术。Insist表示“坚持说、坚持认为”之意时，后面的从句使用陈述语气，表示“坚决主张、坚决要求”
之意时，后面的从句使用（should）do的虚拟语气。
5.
—
My
sister
is
very
upset
today.
—
It’s
your
fault.
You
________
the
bad
news
to
her
yesterday.
A.
should
tell
B.
should
have
told
C.
shouldn’t
have
told
D.
must
tell
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词+have
done结构。句意为：——我妹妹今天很沮丧。——是你的错，你昨天不应该把那个坏消息告诉她。shouldn’t
have
done表示“不应该做而做了”。
6.
—It’s
just
too
difficult.
I’ve
tried
several
times
but
still
cannot
work
it
out.
—You
_______a
wrong
approach.
Adopt
a
new
way
and
see
what
would
happen.
A.
should
have
taken
B.
needn’t
have
taken
C.
must
have
taken
D.
can’t
have
taken
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词+have
done结构。句意为：——它太难了。我尝试了很多次但还是没有算出来。——你一定是用错了方法，换一种新方法，然后看看怎么样。对过去的事情有把握的猜测用must
have
done。
7.
Faced
with
the
phenomenon
that
actors
and
actresses
catch
public
attention,
many
people
insisted
that
it
_____
wrong
and
more
_______
should
be
given
to
those
devoted
scientists.
A.
was;
credit
B.be;
honour
C.
should
be;
appreciation
D.is;
recognition
【答案】A
【解析】考查insist的用法和名词辨析。句意为：面对男演员和女演员吸引公众注意的现象，很多人坚持认为这是不对的，人们应该赞许那些有献身精神的科学家。第一个空insist表示“坚持说、坚持认为”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气，应该和insisted保持一致用一般过去时，第二个空give
credit
to表示“赞许”。
8.
If
you
______
the
Minister
of
Education,
which
subject
would
you
rather
have
_______
from
the
College
Entrance
Examination?
A.
are;
included
B.
had
been;
been
excluded
C.
were
to;
include
D.
were;
removed
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气和动词辨析。句意为：假如你是教育部长，你愿意把哪一科从大学入学考试中删除？第一个空表示对将来的假设，be动词应该用were的虚拟，第二个空remove…from…表示“把……从……中去掉”。
9.
Judging
from
her
expression,
she
the
news
that
Charlie
had
returned
from
Britain.
A.
shouldn’t
have
known
B.
can’t
have
known
C.
mustn’t
have
known
D.
needn’t
have
known
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词+have
done结构。句意为：从她的表情判断，她不可能知道Charlie已经从英国回来了。can’t
have
done表示“不可能做过”。
10.
—Is
Mike
coming
to
this
party?
—He
should
but
he
not.
Because
he
has
a
lot
of
work
to
do
tonight.
A.
must
B.
need
C.
may
D.
would
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意为：——Mike将会来参加聚会吗？——应该会，但也可能不来，因为今晚他有很多作业要做。由句意可知用may表示“也许、可能”。
II.
语法填空
The
distance
between
ancient
Rome
and
ancient
China
was
about
4,000
miles
by
land.
It
was
a
very? 1 (danger)
trip
with
deserts
and
mountains.
The
Silk
Road
was
a
nickname
for
any
route? 2 any
trader
took
from
China
to
Rome.
For
a
very
long
time,
the
ancient
Romans
did
not
know
who
was
making
the
wonderful
cloth? 3 (call)
silk.
They
tried
to
find
the
traders
as
they
came
into
villages
to
trade
other
goods
for
silk,
but
the
traders? 4 (hide)
from
the
Romans.
Therefore,
they
had
to
trade
for? 5 themselves.
The
trading
along
the
Silk
Road
was
a
relay
system.
One
trader
would
travel? 6 a
while,
stop
and
trade,
and
return
home.
The
next
trader
would
continue.
And
so
it
went.
But? 7 (actual)
no
trader
made
the
whole
trip.
It
was
too
risky.
As
the
years
went
by,
a
civilization
of
sorts
grew
up
along
the
Silk
Road.
Temples
appeared.
There
were
even? 8 (city)
built
on
the
rare
oasis
(绿洲).
It
was
never
easy 9 (travel)
by
land
from
China
to
Rome,
but
it
was
worth
it.
Romans
traded
gold
for
China’s
silk
and
spices.
But? 10 (many)
things
traveled
the
Silk
Road
than
traders
and
goods.
Ideas
that
changed
the
world
traveled
along
the
Silk
Road
as
well.
II.
语法填空
【文章大意】本文是说明文，介绍了丝绸之路的起源。
1.
dangerous
【解析】考查形容词。这是一段非常危险的旅程。修饰trip应用形容词，故填dangerous。
2.
that
【解析】考查定语从句。丝绸之路是任何商人走的从中国到罗马的任何路线的别称。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，在从句中作took的宾语，且先行词route前有any修饰，故此处只能用关系代词that。
3.
called
【解析】考查非谓语动词。很长时间以来，古罗马人不知道是谁生产出了这种被称为丝绸的极好的布料。cloth与call之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，填called。
4.
hid
【解析】考查动词时态。但是那些商人躲开了罗马人。本文的基本时态为一般过去时，故此处亦用一般过去时。hide的过去式是hid。
5.
it
【解析】考查代词。因此他们不得不自己(用其他物品来)换取丝绸。根据语境可知，空处指代上文中的"silk"，故填it。
6.
for
【解析】考查介词。
一个商人会旅行一段时间，(然后)停下来进行交易，随后返回。for
a
while"暂时，一会儿"，是固定搭配。
7.
actually
【解析】考查副词。但是，事实上没有一个商人成功地走完全程。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作状语，修饰整个句子，故应用副词形式。actually"事实上，实际上"。
8.
cities
【解析】考查名词复数。由句中的were可知这里要用名词复数，故填cities。
9.
to
travel
【解析】考查非谓语动词。走陆路从中国到罗马绝非易事，但很值得。此处考查的是"it
is
+?adj.
+
to
do
sth."这一固定结构，it在这里作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，故填to
travel。
10.
more
【解析】考查形容词比较级。在丝绸之路上传送的事物比商人和货物更多。由句中的than可知这里要用形容词的比较级，故填more。
虚拟语气专项练习50题
1．---
I’m
sorry.
I
_______
at
you
the
other
day.
---
Forget
it.
I
was
a
bit
out
of
control
myself.
A.
shouldn’t
shout
B.
shouldn’t
have
shouted
C.
mustn’t
shout
D.
mustn’t
have
shouted
2
Thank
you
for
all
y
our
hard
work
last
week.
I
don’t
think
we
____
it
without
you.
A.
can
manage
B.
could
have
managed
C.
could
manage
D.
can
have
managed
3.
____
he
had
not
hurt
his
leg,
John
would
have
won
the
race.
A.
If
B.
Since
C.
Though
D.
When
4
---
If
the
traffic
hadn’t
been
so
heavy,
I
could
have
been
back
by
6
o’clock.
---
What
a
pity!
Tina
____here
to
see
you.
A.
is
B.
was
C.
would
be
D.
has
been
5
I
was
really
anxious
about
you.
You
____home
without
a
word.
A.
mustn’t
leave
B.
shouldn’t
have
left
C.
couldn’t
have
left
D.
needn’t
leave
6
He
suggested
that
the
person
____to
be
punished.
A.
refers
B.
refer
C.
should
refer
D.
referred
7
---
Do
you
think
the
thief
entered
the
room
through
the
back
door?
---
No,
if
he
had,
I
don’t
believe
he
____the
living-room
window.
A.
would
break
B.
broke
C.
would
have
broken
D.
breaks
8
Without
electricity,
human
life
____quite
different
today.
A.
is
B.
will
be
C.
would
have
been
D.
would
be
9
---
____he
come
to
see
you
as
he
promised?
---
Of
course,
please,
and
I’d
rather
he
____
me
the
truth.
A.
Will;
informed
B.
Shall;
told
C.
Should;
will
tell
D.
Can;
tell
10
---
He
looks
very
hot
and
dry.
---
So
____
if
you
had
a
temperature
of
39.
A.
would
you
B.
will
you
C.
would
you
have
been
D.
do
you
11
I
forget
where
I
read
the
article,
or
I
________
it
to
you
now.
A.
will
show
B.
would
show
C.
am
going
to
show
D.
am
showing
12.
“It
looks
as
if
he
were
drunk.”
“So
it
does.
_________.”
A.
He’d
better
give
up
drinking
B.
He
shouldn’t
have
drunk
so
much
C.
Health
is
more
important
than
drink
D.
I
wonder
why
he
is
always
doing
so
13.
“Mary
looks
hot
and
dry”
“So
_________
you
if
you
had
so
high
a
fever.”
A.
do
B.
are
C.
will
D.
would
14.
“He
will
come
tomorrow.”
“But
I’d
rather
he
_________
the
day
after
tomorrow.”
A.
will
come
B.
is
coming
C.
came
D.
had
come
15.
All
the
doctors
in
the
hospital
insisted
that
he
________
badly
wounded
and
that
he
________
at
once.
A.
should
be;
be
operated
on
B.
were;
must
be
operated
on
C.
was;
should
be
operated
D.
was;
be
operated
on
16.
_________
smoking,
he
would
not
have
got
cancer
in
the
lung.
A.
Was
he
given
up
B.
Had
he
given
up
C.
Did
he
give
D.
If
he
gave
up
17.
What
a
pity!
Considering
his
ability
and
experience,
he
____
better。
A.
need
have
done
B.
must
have
done
C.
can
have
done
D.
might
have
done
18.
I
to
go
for
a
walk,
but
someone
called
and
I
couldn’t
get
way。
A.
was
planning
B.
had
planned
C.
planned
D.
would
plan
19.
I
would
like
_______
you
to
my
birthday
party,
but
I
was
busy
and
forgot
to
call
you。
A.
to
invite
B.
inviting
C.
to
have
invited
D.
having
invited
20.
Had
Paul
received
six
more
votes
in
the
last
election,
he
______
our
chairman
now.
A.
must
have
been
B.
would
have
been
C.
were
D.
would
be
21.
______
the
English
examination
I
would
have
gone
to
the
concert
last
Sunday.
A.
In
spite
of
B.
But
for
C.
Because
of
D.
As
for
22．The
sun
rises
in
the
east
and
sets
in
the
west,
so
it
seems
as
if
the
sun
________round
the
earth.
A.
were
circling
B.
circles
C.
is
circling
D.
be
circling
23．Had
he
worked
harder,
he
_____
the
exams.
A.
must
have
got
through
B.
would
have
got
through
C.
would
get
through
D.
could
get
through
24．I'd
rather
you
_____
by
train,
because
I
can't
bear
the
idea
of
your
being
in
an
airplane
in
such
bad
weather.
A.
would
go
B.
should
go
C.
went
D.
had
gone
25．_____
for
the
timely
investment
from
the
general
public,
our
company
would
not
be
so
thriving
as
it
is.
A.
Had
it
not
been
B.
Were
it
not
C.
Be
it
not
D.
Should
it
not
be
26.
We
are
all
for
your
proposal
that
discussion
_____.
A.
be
put
off
B.
was
put
off
C.
should
put
off
D.
is
to
put
off
27.
Look
at
the
terrible
situation
I
am
in!
If
only
I
____
your
advice.
A.
follow
B.
had
followed
C.
would
follow
D.
have
followed
28.
Without
electronic
computers,
much
of
today’s
advanced
technology
______
.
A.
will
not
have
been
achieved
B.
have
not
been
achieved
C.
would
not
have
been
achieved
D.
had
not
been
achieved
29.
When
Edison
died,
it
was
proposed
that
the
American
people
_______
all
power
in
their
homes,
streets,
and
factories
for
several
minutes
in
honour
of
this
great
man.
A.
turn
off
B.
turned
off
C.
would
turn
off
D.
had
turned
off
30.
There
is
a
real
possibility
that
these
animals
could
be
frightened,
_______a
sudden
loud
noise.
A.
being
there
B.
should
there
be
C.
there
was
D.
there
having
been
31.
Looking
round
the
town,
he
felt
as
though
he
______
away
for
ages.
A.
has
been
B.
was
C.
is
D.
had
been
32.
Jean
doesn't
want
to
work
right
away
because
she
thinks
that
if
she
______
a
job
she
probably
wouldn't
be
able
to
see
her
friends
very
often.
A.
has
to
get
B.
had
got
C.
were
to
get
D.
could
have
got
33.____
you
known
the
truth,
you
should
have
told
him
.
A.
Have
B.
Had
C.
Having
D.
If
34.
It’s
high
time
you
______.
A.
start
to
work
B.
would
start
to
work
C.
started
to
work
D.
had
started
to
work
35.
Bob
would
have
helped
us
yesterday,
but
he-_______
A.
was
busy
B.
is
busy
C.
had
been
busy.
D.
will
be
busy
36.
John
went
to
the
hospital
alone.
If
he
me
about
it,
I
would
have
gone
with
him.
A.
should
tell
B.
tells
C.
told
D.
had
told
37.
If
we
___
the
other
road,
we
might
have
arrived
here
in
time
for
the
meeting.
A.
take
B.
had
taken
C.
took
D.
have
taken
38.
--The
weather
has
been
very
hot
and
dry.
--Yes.
If
it
had
rained
even
a
drop,
things
would
be
much
better
now!
And
my
vegetables.
A.
wouldn't
die
B.
didn't
die
C.
hadn't
died
D.
wouldn't
have
died
39.
Had
I
known
about
this
computer
program,
a
huge
amount
of
time
and
energy______
.
A．would
have
been
saved
B．had
been
saved
C．will
be
saved
D．was
saved
40.---Sorry,
Professor
Smith.
I
didn't
finish
the
assignment
yesterday.
---Oh,
you
have
done
it
as
yesterday
was
the
deadline.
A.
must
B.
mustn't
C.
should
D.
shouldn't
41.
_____
the
sun,
nothing
on
earth
could
live.
A.
Were
it
not
to
B.
If
it
were
not
to
C.
If
it
had
not
been
for
D.
If
it
were
not
for
42.
If
he
_____,
give
him
the
message.
A.
were
coming
B.
would
come
C.
should
come
D.
were
come
43.
Were
I
to
move
to
a
foreign
country,
I
_____
away
all
my
furniture
in
my
house
here.
A.
would
give
B.
shall
give
C.
gave
D.
will
give
44.
I
would
go
to
the
concert
but
I
_____
no
time.
A.
had
B.
had
had
C.
have
D.
has
45.
—Would
you
have
told
him
the
answer?
—Yes,
I
would
have,
but
I
_____
so
busy
then.
A.
had
been
B.
were
C.
was
D.
am
46.
—Why
didn’t
you
buy
it?
—I
_____
but
I
didn’t
have
the
money.
A.
would
B.
would
have
C.
had
had
D.
had
bought
47.
—You
should
have
finished
it
sooner.
—I
know
but
I
_____
the
time.
A.
don’t
have
B.
won’t
have
C.
didn’t
have
D.
had
not
48.
_____
water,
we
could
not
live
a
day
in
the
desert.
A.
Without
B.
No
C.
Having
no
D.
But
not
for
49.
If
you
_____
the
doctor’s
advice,
you
would
have
recovered
already.
A.
followed
B.
would
followed
C.
will
follow
D.
had
followed
50.
If
he
had
not
lost
the
money,
he
_____
the
piano
last
week.
A.
could
have
bought
B.
had
bought
C.
would
buy
D.
have
bought
参考答案与解析：
1.
B。考查虚拟语气中情态动词的选择。should
have
done是虚拟用法，表示对过去情况的后悔或责备，D项语气太重，不符合语境。
2.
B。此题考查情态动词表示虚拟意义的用法。I
don’t
think…是否定前移。意为：我认为没有你我们本不能做成这件事的。此题关键是要根据句意知道是虚拟语气，其基本形式是情态动词（过去式）+
have
done，所以其他选项皆可排除。
3.
A。从题干意思看，句子明显用虚拟语气。If可引导虚拟的条件从句，指与事实相反或不可能实现的假设。对过去的情景表达虚拟时条件句谓语用had
+
过去分词，主句用would/
could/
should
have
done形式。
4.
B。透过虚拟语气透漏的信息：因交通拥挤，我六点以前没能及时赶回；所以下文说：真遗憾，Tina六点以前在（was）这里（要见你，但现在已经走了），上句虚拟，下句真实。
5.
B。语境告诉考生，说话者对对方非常担心又满怀关切之情，既着急又生气，因此难免说出埋怨的话：你本不该不辞而别（而使我如此担心）。shouldn’t
have
left是一种虚拟说法，即“过去本不该离开”，符合语境。
6.
D。suggest的宾语从句常用虚拟语气“(should)+原形动词”，故易误选B,
C.其实该题考查的是过去分词短语referred
to作定语，从句的谓语是(should)
be
punished.
7.
C。对话中的No是关键词，说明答话人已经否认小偷进入过房间，所以后面的议论用的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
8.
D。“假如今天没有电，人们的生活就大不同了”，是一种虚拟表达，要用与现在事实相反的虚拟语气谓语，故选D.
这里Without短语表示虚拟条件。
9.
B。考查情态动词和虚拟语气的运用。表示征询意见，shall用于第一、三人称；would
rather
后接从句用过去时表示虚拟语气。
10.
A。根据句子的内在逻辑暗示这里应用“so
+谓语+主语”句型表示前边的一种情况也适用于后者；本句中从句谓语动词had是解题的关键，这暗示if从句使用了虚拟语气，那么与将来事实相反的主句谓语要用could，would＋原形动词等，故选A。
11．B。几个干扰项均有可能误选。正确答案选B。根据上文的语境可知句中的or
隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即or=if
I
didn’t
forget
where
I
read
the
article（要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了）。
12．D。几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是受句中drunk
一词的影响。最佳答案为D。关键信息是It
looks
as
if
he
were
drunk
中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D。
13．D。容易误选A或C。选A者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选C者，认为其后带有if
条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。此题最佳答案为D。
14．C。容易误选A或B。根据上文的He
will
come
tomorrow
以及下文的时间状语the
day
after
tomorrow
似乎都表明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。但此题的最佳答案是C。按照英语习惯，would
rather
后接that
从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。
15．D。几个干扰项均有可能误选。最佳答案选D。insist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓
语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选D最合适。16．B。容易误选D。正确答案应选B。之所以不能选D，是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would
not
have
got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是had
given
up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有had,
should,
were
等词时，通常可以省略if，并将had,
should,
were
提前置于句首。
17．D。
“What
a
pity!”暗示他的表现令人遗憾。鉴于他的能力和经验，他本来可能发挥得更好，因此用might
have
done，最佳答案为D。
18．B。
句意为：我原计划去散步，但是有人来访，我无法走开。had
planned
to
do
sth表示过去未能实现的打算。最佳答案为B。
19．C。
句意为：我本来想让你参加我的生日宴会，可是因为忙，我忘记了。would
like
to
have
done
sth。表示“本来想做某事(而未做)”。最佳答案为C。
20．D。
这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。条件句省略了if，把助词had提前到主语前面，表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中now表明了对现在情况的假设，所以应选would(should,
could,
might)+动词原形这种表达形式。四个选项中只有（D）是正确表达形式，故为正确答案。
21．B。
假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句表示，而是隐含在一个由介词如but
for、but
that、without,
由连词but、副词otherwise
、比较级、形容词、独立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示对过去情况的假设，但事实上由于英语考试而没有去成，即若不是因为英语考试，我本可以去听音乐会，所以应选（B）But
for为正确答案。
22．A。
if引导的从句要求用虚拟语气，表示同时或将来的情况，动词要用过去式（be
动词用were）或would(could等)+动词原形，本句话中指的是当时的情况，所以要用过去式，故（A）是正确答案。
23．B。
本题前半句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句，后半句是表示与过去事实相反的主句。相当于：If
he
had
worked
harder,
he
would
have
got
through
the
exams.本题的答案是B.
would
have
got
through。选项A.
must
have
got
through（肯定通过）表示一种对过去事情的主观推测，不是与过去事情相反的情况。另外，must不能用在虚拟条件句中。选项C.
would
get
through（就会通过）是虚拟语气现在时的一种表示方法，表示与现在事实相反。选项D.
could
get
through（可能通过），could也可以用于非真实条件句里，表示与事实相反的情况，但这里，它只表示与现在事实或将来可能的事实相反。
24．C。
主语+would
rather后接宾语从句,从句中谓语须用虚拟语气：用一般过去时表示希望现在或将来实现的行为或状态,用过去完成时表示希望过去实现的行为或状态。本题中原因状语从句用一般现在时,暗示希望现在或将来发生的行为动作,故选C.
went。25．A．
“要不是老百姓的及时投资，我们的公司不会像现在这样兴旺。”本题测试交错时间的虚拟语气。从句是表示过去时间的虚拟条件，if省略，主语it与助动词had倒装。虚拟条件句也可写成这样：If
it
had
nor
been
for
the
timely
investment
from
the
general
public。这是重点句型，在各类测试中常考。
26.
A.
全句意思是：我们都赞成你的建议，把讨论推迟。答案是A。
27.
B。
if
only
引出感叹句，意思是“要是……多好”，表示说话人的一种愿望，希望发生（事实上不可能发生）与过去事实相反的情况。本句的全句意思是：“看我现在的处境多糟糕！要是我听从你的劝告多好”。事实上，句中的“我”没有听从劝告，所以处境很糟糕。
28.
C.
这是一人含蓄虚拟条件句，通过介词短语without,表示潜在的一种假设，而主句中的情况也早已经发生，所以是对过去情况的一种假设，因此用would
not
have
been
achieved
这一形式。
29.
A
propose是欲望动词,后接的宾语从句或主语从句中谓语要用虚拟语气：should+动词原形或直接用动词原形。
30.
B。
句意为：“要是有一声巨响，这些动物会受到惊吓，这是有现实可能性的。”should
there
be表示虚拟条件句中将来时间的谓语形式,
if省略,所以should与there倒装。因此B.
should
there
be
就是本题答案。
31.
D。
felt是过去式，所以该句是由as
though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。
32.
C。
本句的意思是：“琼不想马上就工作，她认为要是找了工作，就不能经常探访她的朋友了”。这说明，琼目前没有工作。句中假设的情况在近期内并不会存在。该条件句应当用表示将来情况的虚拟语气。条件从句的谓语用should或were
to引出。因此C.
were
to
get
是本题答案。33.B.解析:句子可还原为If
you
had
known
the
truth,
you
should
have
told
him
.
If+
had
done,主句为could/
should/
would
have
done.
34.
C.
考查句型It’s
high
time后接虚拟语气用法。
35.
A.
前句表示对过去的虚拟，而but之后表示过去的客观事实，故用一般过去时态。
36.
D.
句意：约翰独自去了医院。如果他告诉我的话，我会跟他一起去的。
前一句是陈述语气，说明动发生在过去，而且后一句的主句已经是would
have
gone说明是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与之对应的从句结构，应该用had
+过去分词。
37.
B.
考查虚拟语气。所填词做虚拟语气中条件状语从句的谓语，根据主句的谓语动词形式might
have
arrived可知题干是与过去事实相反，故所填部分用had+过去分词形式。
38.
D。第二个说话人的If条件句是我们选择正确答案的关键。要是当时下雨了，现在的情况就好的多了！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。过去没有下雨，所以我的蔬菜干死了也是发生在过去。而将句子还原则为If
it
had
rained
even
a
drop,
my
vegetables
wouldn't
have
died.
If+
had
done,主句为couldn’t/
shouldn't/
wouldn't
have
done.
39.
A。
根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气，原形是：If
I
had
known
about
this
computer
program,
a
huge
amount
of
time
and
energy___.故选择A。句意为：如果我早知道这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。
40.
C。
此处表示和过去事实相反的情况，应该用should
+
have
+
过去分词。本来应该做，而未做。
41.
D。表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，意思是“如果不是有太阳的话”。
42.
C。表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用should
do.
43.
A。表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，主句用would/should
do.
44.
C。
but后面的分句表示事实情况，不用虚拟语气。
45.
C。
but后面的分句表示过去的事实情况，因此用过去时。
46.
B。虚拟语气和事实情况混合的用法，第一个分句是虚拟，而but后面是事实情况。
47.
C。
but后面的分句表示过去的事实情况，因此用过去时。
48.
A。
without经常代替虚拟的从句，表示假设。
49.
D。
表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成时。
50.
A
。could
have
done表示“本来可以做某事”。
考点详解
考向1
情态动词
考向2
情态动词+have
done
难点剖析
考向3
虚拟语气
难点剖析
检测训练
