解密10定语从句
【考点解读】
定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。纵观近几年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括：
1.
考查关系代词和关系副词的区分。如:
that,
which和where,
when的区分;
that,
which和why的区分等。
2.
考查whose的使用。whose可以指代人或物,
在定语从句中作定语,
后跟名词。指物时,
whose＋名词＝名
词＋
of
which
＝
of
which＋名词。如：
The
classroom
whose
door/the
door
of
which/of
which
the
door
is
broken
is
on
the
second
floor.
3.
考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。尤其要重视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和it，what引
导的主语从句的区分。
4.
考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。如：
I,
who
am
your
close
friend,
will
try
my
best
to
help
you
whenever
you
are
in
trouble.
5.
考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，
指物时用which，不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如：
The
teacher
in
front
of
whose
house
stands
a
tall
tree
is
very
patient
with
his
students.
6.
考查一些特殊的先行词。如:
当situation,
point,
case,
activity,
scene及period,
festival,
occasion等出现时,
要
注意具体情况具体分析;
作主语、宾语和表语时,
用关系代词that/which;
作状语时,
用关系副词
where/when或“介词＋which”,
表示在某种特定的情形下。
7.
考查定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别。
【高考预测】
定语从句是历年高考的重点，主要考查常见关系代词和关系副词的用法，比如which/that/as/
when/where的用法及区别性的选择等，及与其他从句如名词性从句的区别等。在高考的中主要体现在语法填空、短文改错、完形填空等中，且完形填空80%每年会出一道题。
1.
定语从句中的引导词及其在从句中的作用
所作成分
代替人
代替物
代替人或物
主语
who
which
that
宾语
whom/who
which
that
定语
whose/of
whom
whose/of
which
?Is
he
the
man
who/that
wants
to
see
you?
他是那个想见你的男人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语)
?He
is
the
man
whom/that
I
saw
yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
?The
man
whom
you
spoke
to
just
now
is
our
English
teacher.
刚才和你说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。
?The
package(which/that)you
are
carrying
is
about
to
come
unwrapped.
你拿的那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在从句中作宾语)
?A
child
whose
parents
are
dead
is
called
an
orphan.
双亲都死了的孩子叫作孤儿。(whose表示那个孩子的双亲)
?He
lives
in
a
room
whose
window
faces
south.
他住在那个窗户朝南的房子里。(whose表示那个房子的窗户)
2.
关系代词that和which的用法区别
情况
说明
只用that不用which
先行词是不定代词或由不定代词修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被其修饰时
先行词被the
very，the
only等修饰时
主句是以which，what，who开头的特殊疑问句时
先行词既有人也有物时
两个定语从句中一个关系代词用which，另一个要用that
只用which不用that
引导非限制性定语从句时
关系代词前有介词时
先行词本身是that时
?It
is
the
best
film(that)I
have
seen.这是我看过的最棒的电影。
?He
is
the
very
man
that
they
are
looking
for.他正是他们在寻找的人。
?They
talked
of
things
and
persons
that
they
remembered
in
the
school.
他们谈到他们记得的学校的那些人和事。
3.
关系代词as引导限制性定语从句的用法
（1）as既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等，引导限制性定语从句时的固定搭配：the
same
...as
...；such
...as
...；so/as
...as
...
?She
is
such
a
nice
girl
as
we
all
like.她是一个我们大家都喜欢的好女孩。
【注意】
①This
is
such
a
beautiful
park
that
everyone
wants
to
visit
it.
这是一个如此漂亮的公园以至于每个人都想去参观。
②This
is
such
a
beautiful
park
as
everyone
wants
to
visit.这是一个如此漂亮的每个人都想去参观的公园。
句①由于从句中不缺少任何语法成分，故从句在这个结构中为结果状语从句。
句②从句中动词visit缺少宾语，故应用关系代词as引导定语从句。
（2）the
same
...as与the
same
...that的区别：
?This
is
the
same
pen
as
I
bought
yesterday.
这和我昨天买的那支钢笔一样。
?This
is
the
same
pen
that
I
bought
yesterday.这就是我昨天买的那支钢笔。
1.（2020.山东新高考.语法填空）The
80,000
objects
collected
by
Sir
Hans
Sloane,
for
example,
38.formed
(form)
the
core
collection
of
the
British
Museum
39.
opened
in
1759.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:例如，汉斯?斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the
British
Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
2.（2019.全国卷Ш.语法填空）They
were
well
trained
by
their
masters_____had
great
experience
with
caring
for
these
animals.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词their
masters,在定语从句中做主语，所以用关系代词who。
3.（2020·江苏卷·单项填空）
Many
lessons
are
now
available
online,
from
_____
students
can
choose
for
free.
A.
whose
B.
which
C.
when
D.
whom
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many
lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。
4.
(2018·新课标卷I·语法填空)Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014
66
showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
a
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
causes.
【参考答案】that/which
【答案解析】that或which
考查定语从句的关系词。此处a
study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。
5.
(2018·新课标卷II·语法填空)The
Chinese
Ministry
of
Agriculture
finds
that
between
2005—when
the
government
started
a
soil-testing
program
___69___
gives
specific
fertilizer
recommendations
to
farmers
-
and
2011,
fertilizer
use
dropped
by
7.7
million
tons.
【参考答案】that/which
【答案解析】考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
6.
(2017·新课标卷III·短文改错)Around
me
in
picture
are
the
things
they
were
very
important
in
my
life
at
that
time:
car
magazines
and
musical
instruments.
【参考答案】
they→that/which
【答案解析】考查定语从句。they不能引导定语从句，因为指代things，所以把they改为that或者which。
7.(2017·北京卷·单项填空）The
little
problems
________
we
meet
in
our
daily
lives
may
be
inspirations
for
great
inventions.
A.
that
B.
as
C.
where
D.
when
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】考查定语从句。先行词是
the
little
problems,
在从句中作
meet的宾语，故选关系代词that。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的那些小问题有可能会成为伟大发明的灵感。
8.Among
the
many
dangers__________
sailors
have
to
face,
probably
the
greatest
of
all
is
fog.
A.
which
B.
what
C.
where
D.
when
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】分析句子结构可知，________sailors
have
to
face
是定语从句，修饰先行词the
many
dangers，且从句缺少宾语，要用关系代词。
因此A选项正确。句意为＂
在水手不得不面对的许多危险中，可能最大的是雾霾。＂
1.
常用的关系副词：when，why，where(在从句中只作状语)
2.
意义及作用
关系副词
先行词
在从句中的成分
when
名词，表时间
时间状语
why
名词，表原因
原因状语
where
名词，表地点
地点状语
?I’ll
never
forget
the
day(that/which)we
spent
together
last
week.
我将永远不会忘记上周我们一起度过的那一天。
?I’ll
never
forget
the
day
when
I
got
to
know
you.我将永远不会忘记我认识你的那天。
?I
don’t
like
the
way(that/in
which)he
talks.我不喜欢他谈话的方式。
?Do
you
know
the
reason
why(for
which)he
was
so
sorry?你知道他那么难过的原因吗？
【注意】
①在口语和非正式场合,
when,
where和why或相当于关系副词的
“介词＋which”结构可用that来代替并可省略。
?Do
you
know
anywhere
(that)
I
can
get
a
drink?
你知道在哪儿我能喝杯酒吗？
②why或that引导的定语从句,
先行词是reason,
且reason又作主句
主语时,
表语从句不能用because引导,
而要用that引导。其句型
为：The
reason
why...is
that...或The
reason
that...is
that...。
?The
reason
why
he
was
late
for
school
was
that
he
was
injured
in
the
traffic
accident
on
his
way
to
school.
他上学迟到的原因是他在上学路上的交通事故中受伤了。
?The
reason
that
he
explained
at
the
meeting
was
that
he
had
to
look
after
his
mother
in
hospital.
他在会上解释的原因是他不得不去照顾他住院的母亲。
③“地点模糊”的先行词后跟where引导的定语从句。当先行词为
point,
situation,
conditions,
case,
position,
stage,
scene,
spot,
activity,
family,
job等表示某人/物所处的情况、发展的
阶段或表达某事的某个方面时,
用where引导定语从句,
where
相当于from
which,
under
which等,
表示“在这种情况下”,
“从……中”等。
?We’re
just
trying
to
reach
a
point
where
both
sides
will
sit
down
together
and
talk.
我们只是尽力想能达到双方共同坐下来商谈的地步。
3.
关系代词与关系副词的选择依据
①考虑代替先行词的关系词在从句中充当的语法成分,
如果关系词在从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语,
就用关系代词；如果关系词在从句中作状语,
就用关系副词。
?The
house
where
he
lives
needs
repairing.
which/that
he
lives
in
他住的房子需要修理。
?Have
you
asked
her
for
the
reason
that/which
my
explain
her
absence?
why
she
was
absent?
你是否问过她缺席的原因？
②辨别先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因。
?I
don’t
like
the
man
who
always
speaks
ill
of
others.
我不喜欢总是说他人坏话的人。
?I
will
never
forget
the
days
when
we
worked
together.
我永远也忘不了我们在一起工作的日子。
③判断从句是限制性还是非限制性定语从句。
?A
dictionary
is
a
book
that
gives
the
meanings
of
words.
词典是解释词语意思的书。
?A
dictionary
is
a
book,
which
gives
the
meanings
of
words.
词典是一本书,
它给出词语的意思。
④判断关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语,
取决于定语从句中的谓语动词。
?This
is
the
point
where
I
disagree.
这就是我不同意的地方。(disagree为不及物动词,
故关系词用where。)
?This
is
the
point
(which/that)
I
disagree
with.
这就是我不同意的地方。(从句缺少介词with的宾语,
用that/which引导,
也可以省略)
1.（2020·天津卷一·单项填空）
Mr.
Smith
owned
this
oil
painting
until
the
early
1990
s,
____________he
gave
it
to
his
grandson.
A.
which
B.
when
C.
where
D.
who
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：史密斯先生一直拥有这幅油画，直到20世纪90年代初，他把它送给了孙子。句中包含定语从句，先行词是the?early
1990
s，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故选B。
2.
（2020.新课标Ⅰ卷.
语法填空）Because
the
moon’s
body
blocks
direct
radio
communication
with
a
probe,
China
first
had
to
put
a
satellite
in
orbit
above
the
moon
in
a
spot
63.
it
could
send
signals
to
the
spacecraft
and
to
Earth.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a
spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
3.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）We
have
entered
into
an
age
_______
dreams
have
the
best
chance
of
coming
true.
A.
which
B.
what
C.
when
D.
that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an
age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。
【答案】C
4.（2018·江苏卷·单项填空）Self-driving?is?an?area?______China?and?the?rest?of?the?world?are?on?the?same?starting
line.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
when
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其他国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in
which。故选B。
5.（2018·新课标II卷·短文改错）They
also
had
a
small
pond
which
they
raised
fish.
【参考答案】which前加in
或which改为where
【试题解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a
small
pond是先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in
which或where。
6.（2016·天津卷）We
will
put
off
the
picnic
in
the
park
until
next
week,
the
weather
may
be
better.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
when
【参考答案】D
【试题解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。这是一个定语从句，先行词是next
week，定语从句缺少时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。故选D。
【易错提醒】
当先行词是时间名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，用when引导；若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：
?Do
you
remember
the
days
when
we
chatted
with
each
other
all
night?
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）
?Do
you
remember
the
days
that/which
we
spent
together
on
the
farm?
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that或which作spent的宾语）
7.
Experiments
with
domestic
dogs,
one
animal
was
given
a
treat
and
another
denied,
have
shown
that
they
possess
a
sense
of
fairness
as
they
shared
their
treats.
A.
what
B.
where
C.
that
D.
which
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：用家犬做试验，试验中一只给了食物，而另一只没有，这表明了它们有一种分享食物的公平感。分析句子结构可知，先行词是Experiments，where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，表示抽象地点，where相当于in
which。故选B。
一、有时从句中的介词可以提前到关系代词之前，形成＂介词＋关系代词＂结构，关系代词可以用which，
whose，whom，不可以用that。＂介词＋关系代词＂引导定语从句常见的有以下几种结构：
（1）介词＋关系代词
?Mandela
was
the
black
lawyer
to
whom
I
went
for
advice.
＝Mandela
was
the
black
lawyer
whom
I
went
to
for
advice.曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。
（2）名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词
?He
wrote
a
book,
the
name
of
which
I’ve
completely
forgotten.
他写了一本书，书名我完全给忘记了。
?The
old
man
has
two
daughters,
both
of
whom
are
doctors.
那位老人有两个女儿，她们都是医生。
（3）形容词最高级＋介词＋关系代词
?China
has
thousands
of
islands，the
largest
of
which
is
Taiwan.
中国有成千上万的岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。
（4）介词＋关系代词＋名词
?I
called
him
by
the
wrong
name，for
which
mistake
I
apologized.
我叫错了他的名字，为此我向他表示了歉意。(不能使用whose)
二、＂介词＋关系代词＂结构中介词的选用
1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中的动词或形容词
与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。
?I’ll
never
forget
the
time
during
which
I
spent
my
childhood
in
the
country.
我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。
2.
表示＂整体和部分关系＂，介词常用of。在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等
代词或数词的前、后可以用of
which/whom。
?John
invited
about
40
people
to
his
wedding，most
of
whom
are
family
members.
约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。
3.有时＂介词＋where＂可以引导定语从句，此时要和＂介词＋which＂引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。
?His
head
soon
appeared
out
of
the
window，from
where
he
saw
nothing
but
trees.
他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from
where相当于from
out
of
the
window，而不是from
the
window)
三、
of
whom,
of
which与whose的用法解析。
1.
whose的用法
①whose引导定语从句,
后应紧跟名词,
构成名词短语。
?The
boy,
whose
father
is
an
engineer,
studies
very
hard.
那位小男孩学习很努力,
他的父亲是位工程师。
②whose引导定语从句时,
先行词既可指人,
也可指物。
?The
bicycle,
whose
brake
was
damaged,
has
now
been
repaired.
那辆自行车的闸坏了,
现在已修好了。
③whose在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语,
可以与介词一起放在先行词与从句之间。
在whose引导的定语从句中,
可用of
which代替whose,
但词序不同,
即“whose＋名词＝the＋名词＋
of＋which”；而用of
whom代替时只能指人,
有时可以与whose互换。
?The
boss,
in
whose
factory
Mary's
father
once
worked,
is
kind
to
her.
老板对玛丽很好,
玛丽的父亲曾经在他的工厂工作过。
?He
lives
in
the
room
whose
window
(the
window
of
which)
faces
south.
他住在窗户朝南的房间里。
2.
下列情况只用of
which或of
whom,
而不用whose引导定语从句。
①定语从句的主语是some,
many,
few,
little,
much,
most等词时,
用of
which/whom,
不用
whose。
?Here
are
the
questions,
some
of
which
I
thought
difficult
for
you.
就是这些问题,
我认为其中一些对你来说有难度。
?Present
at
the
meeting
were
almost
experts
on
DNA,
most
of
whom
came
from
the
USA.
出席会议的大多是DNA专家,
其中大部分来自美国。
②定语从句的主语是all,
both,
neither,
each,
none等词时,
用of
which/whom,
不用whose。
?He
has
two
sons,
both
of
whom
are
doctors.
他有两个儿子,
都是医生。
?I
bought
him
two
pieces
of
clothing,
neither
of
which
he
likes.
我给他买了两件衣服,
他一件也不喜欢。
③定语从句的主语是表示数量的词时,
用of
which/
whom,
不用whose。
?Here
are
many
books,
two
of
which
he
borrowed.
这儿有许多书,
他借走了两本。
1.（2020.新课标Ш.语法填空）
In
ancient
China
lived
an
artist61.
paintings
were
almost
lifelike.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
2.
（2020.天津卷.单项填空）Dr.
Rowan,
______
secretary
resigned
two
weeks
ago,
has
had
to
do
all
his
own
typing.
A.
whose
B.
of
whom
C.
of
which
D.
which
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______
secretary
resigned
two
weeks
ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr.
Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr.
Rowan’s
”，表示“……的”
，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。
3.(2017·江苏卷)
In
1963
the
UN
set
up
the
World
Food
Programme,
one
of
________
purposes
is
to
relieve
worldwide
starvation.
A.
which
B.
its
C.
whose
D.
whom
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，one
of
________
purposes
is
to
relieve
worldwide
starvation是非限制性定语从句，先行词是the
World
Food
Programme，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作定语，修饰名词purposes，所以用关系代词whose引导，故选C项。句意：1963年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。
4.（2016
?
江苏卷）Many
young
people,
most
_________were
well-educated,
headed
for
remote
regions
to
chase
their
dreams.
A.
of
which
B.
of
them
C.
of
whom
D.
of
those
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many
young
people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都受过良好教育。故C项正确。
一、可以引导非限制性定语从句的引导词
大部分可以引导限制性定语从句的关系词也可以引导非限制性定语从句，但是关系代词that和关系副词why通常除外。
1.
关系代词which
先行词通常是指物的名词或代词，其中先行词还可以是短语或整个句子。
?The
villa,
which
we
saw
yesterday,
is
very
beautiful.
我们昨天看的别墅很漂亮。（which指代the
villa）
?Tom
was
always
late
for
school,
which
made
his
teacher
angry.
汤姆上学总是迟到，这一点令他的老师很生气。（which指代整个主句的内容）
2.
关系代词who,whom与whose
先行词指人时，who在引导的非限制性定语从句中作主语，whom作宾语，whose作定语。
?Bob’s
father,
who
worked
on
the
project,
spent
four
years
in
Egypt.
鲍勃的父亲从事这项工程，在埃及度过了四年。（who作主语）
?A
young
man
had
a
new
girlfriend,
whom
he
wanted
to
impress.
一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的印象。（whom作宾语）
?I
decided
to
write
about
Chaplin,
one
of
whose
films
I
had
seen
several
years
before.
我决定写有关卓别林的文章，他的一部电影我几年前就看过了。（whose作定语）
3.
关系副词when与where
关系副词在所引导的非限制性定语从句中作状语，where表示地点，when表示时间。
?Next
month,
when
you’ll
spend
your
summer
holidays
in
your
hometown,
is
approaching.
下个月即将来临，届时你们将在家乡度暑假。（when指代表示时间的名词短语next
month，并作从句的状语。）
?She
is
going
to
live
in
Macao,
where
she
has
some
close
friends.
她要到澳门去居住，在那里她有几个密友。（where指代表示地点的名词Macao，并在从句中作状语。）
4.
as
as可以引导非限制性定语从句，常有＂正如……＂的意思，所引导的从句既可置于主句之前，
也可置于主句之后。as多用于固定搭配中：
as
is
known
to
all众所周知
as
has
been
said
before如前所说
as
is
often
the
case情况常常如此
as
may
be
imagined这可以想象得出
as
has
been
pointed
out正如已经指出的那样
as
often
happens这种情况常常发生
as
is
mentioned
above
正如上面所提到的
?As
you
know,
David
is
a
photographer.
=David,
as
you
know,
is
a
photographer.
=
David
is
a
photographer,
as
you
know.
戴维是名摄影师，你是知道的。（as引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。）
【易混辨析】as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
as
which
指代
指代整个主句所表达的内容
既可指代整个主句的内容，又可指代主句中的一部分
位置
as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、句中或主句之后
which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后
意义
常常有＂正如，正像，关于这一点＂的含义
which引导的从句常常说明主句的情况，和主句往往有逻辑上的因果关系。which的意思相当于and
this
?As
we
know,
smoking
is
harmful
to
one’s
health.
众所周知，吸烟有害健康。（as引导定语从句，位于句首，指代整个主句内容）
?Allen
has
made
much
progress
in
English,
which
delighted
us.
艾伦英语取得了很大进步，这使我们很高兴。（which引导定语从句，相当于and
this，表示因果关系）
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
意
义
起限定作用，指特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整
仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句意思完整
结构要求
紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不加逗号
用逗号与先行词或主句隔开
功
能
修饰先行词
修饰先行词或整个主句
引导词
所有的关系代词及副词
关系代词或关系副词，但是关系代词that及关系副词why除外
省略情况
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去
非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省
?The
house,
which
we
bought
last
month,
lies
in
the
center
of
the
city.
那套房子位于市中心，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性定语从句，不表明有多少套房子）
?The
house
(which/that)
we
bought
last
month
lies
in
the
center
of
the
city.
我们上个月买的那套房子位于市中心。（限制性定语从句，暗含＂可能有若干套房子＂之意）
1.
（2020.全国Ⅱ卷.短文改错）Thank
you
for
your
letter,
what
really
made
me
happy.
【参考答案】what改为which
【答案解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：谢谢你的来信，你的信真正让我开心。分析句子，逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词your
letter，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故将what改为which.
2.
(2018·北京卷·单项填空)
She
and
her
family
bicycle
to
work,
_________
helps
them
keep
fit.
A.
which
B.
who
C.
as
D.
that
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。＂_________
helps
them
keep
fit＂是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。
3.（2017·新课标卷I·语法填空）Like
anything,
it
is
possible
to
have
too
much
of
both,
70
is
not
good
for
the
health.
【参考答案】
which
【答案解析】句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知which
is
not
good
for
the
health为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话。
4.（2017·新课标卷II·短文改错）In
their
spare
time,
they
are
interesting（改为interested）
in
planting
vegetables
in
their
garden,
that
is
on
the
rooftop
of
their
house.
【参考答案】
which
【答案解析】非限制性定语从句需要用which引导，故将that改为which。
5.
（2017·新课标卷III·语法填空）But
Sarah,
64
has
taken
part
in
shows
along
with
top
models,
wants
to
prove
(prove)
that
she
has
brains
as
well
as
beauty.
【参考答案】
who
【答案解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，
64
has
taken
part
in
shows
along
with
top
models是非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为Sarah，指人，要用who。
6.（2016·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）But
my
connection
with
pandas
goes
back
64（to）
my
days
on
a
TV
show
in
the
mid-1980s,
65
I
was
the
first
Western
TV
reporter
66（permitted）
(permit)
to
film
a
special
unit
caring
for
pandas
rescued
from
starvation
in
the
wild.
【参考答案】when
【答案解析】考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少状语，又因先行词是时间，故填when。
一、定语从句中需注意的问题
1.
当先行词为表示方式的the
way时，从句不能用how来引导，应用that或in
which，或将它们全部省略。
2.
as引导限制性定语从句时，常用于下列句式中：such＋名词＋as
...＂像……一样的＂；the
same＋名词＋
as
...＂和……同样的＂。
3.
当先行词是time时，若time表示＂次数＂，应用that引导定语从句，并且that可以省略；若time表示＂一段时
间＂讲，应用when或＂at/during＋which＂引导定语从句。
?This
is
the
second
time(that)the
president
has
visited
the
country.
这是这位总统第二次访问这个国家。
?This
is
at
a
time
when/during
which
there
were
no
radios，no
telephones
or
no
TV
sets.
这是在一个没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视的时代。
4.
定语从句中的主谓一致
当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词的数原则上要与先行词保持一致，但要注意以下几点：先行词是＂one
of＋复数名词＂结构时，关系代词引导的定语从句中的谓语动词一般用复数形式；但如有the
very，the
only，the
first，the
last，the
right等修饰one时，谓语动词用单数。
?This
is
one
of
the
most
interesting
questions
that
have
been
asked.
这是被问过的最有意思的问题之一。
?She
is
the
only
one
of
the
girls
who
studies
hard.
她是这些女孩中唯一一个刻苦学习的。
二、定语从句与地点状语从句的区别
当定语从句的引导词与地点状语从句的连接词都是where时，定语从句修饰、限制、说明地点名词；而状语从句则说明动作发生的地点，where没有对应的地点名词或代词。
?This
is
the
place
where
we
used
to
live
a
few
years
ago.
这就是几年前我们常居住的地方。（定语从句）
?Let’s
go
where
we
can
find
a
better
job.
我们到我们能找到更好工作的地方去吧。（地点状语从句）
三、定语从句与强调句型的区别
定语从句对名词或代词的修饰和限制，关系词可能是that,
which,
as,
who,
but,
另一方面，句子中的It有所指；而强调句型是对某部分加强语气，强调语气的连接词只能是that,
who，并且句子中的It
没有任何意义；一般比较明显，而有时就难以区别，还需要根据上下文的语境来判断。
It
is
a
book
that
he
wants.
它究竟是强调句型还是定语从句，就要从语境上来考察。如果它是用来回答What
is
this
/
that?
这样的问题，意思是：它是一本他想要的书。句子显然是定语从句。如果是用来回答What
does
he
want?
这样的问题，那么意思是：他想要的是一本书。显然，句子是强调句型。
题组一
基础过关
I.
用适当的关系词填空
1.
I
borrowed
the
book
Sherlock
Holmes
from
the
library
last
week，________my
classmates
recommended
to
me.
2.
English
is
a
language
shared
by
several
diverse
cultures，each
of________uses
it
differently.
3.
John
invited
about
40
people
to
his
wedding，most
of________are
family
members.
4.
“You
can’t
judge
a
book
by
its
cover，”
________the
old
saying
goes.
5.
Until
now，we
have
raised
50,000
pounds
for
the
poor
children，________is
quite
unexpected.
6.
Mr
Smith，________foot
was
badly
hurt，was
quickly
sent
to
the
local
hospital.
7.
We
live
in
an
age________more
information
is
available
with
greater
ease
than
ever
before.
8.
The
girl
arranged
to
have
piano
lessons
at
the
training
centre
with
her
sister________she
would
stay
for
an
hour.
9.
The
reason
________all
people
present
are
opposed
to
the
project
is
that
it
will
cause
much
pollution.
10.
—What
else
do
you
want
to
say
for
yourselves?
—Well，there
is
one
point________we
must
insist
on.
11.
They
have
reached
the
point
________they
have
to
separate
with
each
other.
12.
I’ll
never
forget
the
days
________we
studied
in
the
university.
Ⅱ.
把下列句子合成一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句
1.
He
is
waiting
for
his
passport.
He
spent
100
dollars
on
his
passport.
________________________________________________________________________
2.
Cuzoo
lies
in
the
south
of
Peru
and
it
was
once
known
as
the
City
of
the
Sun.
________________________________________________________________________
3.
My
brother,
Jim,
is
working
in
Paris，and
Paris
is
the
capital
of
France.
________________________________________________________________________
4.
The
poor
cat
lived
through
the
cold
and
snowy
winter.
It
was
beyond
my
expectation.
________________________________________________________________________
5.
The
factory
produces
half
a
million
pairs
of
shoes
every
year
and
80%
of
them
are
sold
abroad.
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.
单句改错
1．Some
of
the
boys
I
invited
them
didn’t
come.
________________________________________________________________________
2．Anyone
who
break
the
rules
will
be
punished.
________________________________________________________________________
3．Children
eat
a
lot
of
sugar
often
have
bad
teeth.
________________________________________________________________________
4．This
is
the
house
where
we
lived
in
last
year.
________________________________________________________________________
5．This
factory
is
that
I
worked
in.
________________________________________________________________________
6．Such
people
who
you
know
are
very
friendly.
_______________________________________________________________________
7．Now
children
don't
play
the
same
games
like
we
played
in
the
past.
_______________________________________________________________________
8.
The
earth
is
round，that
circles
round
the
sun.
_________________________________________________________________
9.
He
had
two
sons，both
of
them
are
college
students.
_________________________________________________________________
10.
He
failed
in
the
exam，as
made
his
father
very
angry.
_________________________________________________________________
11.
I
may
have
to
work
late，in
that
case
I'll
phone
you.
_________________________________________________________________
12.
He
visited
the
Great
Wall
again，there
he
went
two
years
ago.
_________________________________________________________________
题组二
真题在线
1.（2018·江苏卷·单项填空）elf-driving?is?an?area?_______China?and?the?rest?of?the?world?are?on?the?same?starting
line.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
when
2.（2018·天津卷·单项填空）Kate,
_________sister
I
shared
a
room
with
when
we
were
at
college,
has
gone
to
work
in
Australia.
A.
whom
B.
that
C.
whose
D.
her
3.（2018·北京卷·单项填空）She
and
her
family
bicycle
to
work,
_________
helps
them
keep
fit.
A.
which
B.
who
C.
as
D.
that
4.（2018·江苏卷·单项填空）By
boat
is
the
only
way
to
get
here,
which
is
_________
we
arrived.
A.
where
B.
when
C.
why
D.
how
5.（2017·北京）The
little
problems
______
we
meet
in
our
daily
lives
may
be
inspirations
for
great
inventions.
A.
that
B.
as
C.
where
D.
when
6.（2016·北京）I
live
next
door
to
a
couple
________children
often
make
a
lot
of
noise.
A.
whose
B.
why
C.
where
D.
which
7.
（2015·浙江）Creating
an
atmosphere
________employees
feel
part
of
a
team
is
a
big
challenge.
A.
as
B.
whose
C.
in
which
D.
at
which
8.
（2015·天津）The
boss
of
the
company
is
trying
to
create
an
easy
atmosphere
_______his
employees
enjoy
their
work.
A.
where
B.
which
C.
when
D.
who
9.
（2015·天津）As
the
smallest
child
of
his
family,
Alex
is
always
longing
for
the
time
________he
should
be
able
to
be
independent.
A.
which
B.
where
C.
whom
D.
when
10.（2015·安徽）Some
experts
think
reading
is
the
fundamental
skill
upon
________
school
education
depends.
A.
it
B.
that
C.
whose
D.
which
11.（2016·江苏）Many
young
people,
most
_______were
well-educated,
headed
for
remote
regions
to
chase
their
dreams.
A.of
which
B.of
them
C.of
whom
D.of
those
12.（2016·浙江）Scientists
have
advanced
many
theories
about
why
human
beings
cry
tears,
none
of
________has
been
proved.
A.whom
B.which
C.what
D.that
13.（2016·天津）We
will
put
off
the
picnic
in
the
park
until
next
week,
________the
weather
may
be
better.
A.that
B.where
C.which
D.when
14.（2016·湖南）It
is
a
truly
delightful
place,
________looks
the
same
as
it
must
have
done
100
years
ago
with
its
winding
streets
and
pretty
cottages.
A.as
B.where
C.that
D.which
15.（2015·四川）The
books
on
the
desk,
________covers
are
shiny,
are
prizes
for
us.
A.which
B.what
C.whose
D.that
题组三
名校模拟
Ⅰ.
语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In
the
middle
of
April,
if
you
walk
through
Jinghong,
which
is? 1 ?capital
of
the
Xishuangbanna
region
in
Yunnan
province,? 2 (chance)
are
that
you’ll
get
very,
very
wet.
The
Dai
people
will
be
celebrating
their
Water
Splashing(泼水)
Festival
from
April
13
to
16,
marking
the
new
year
for
the
Dai
ethnic
minority.
Lonely
Planet,
one
of
the
world’s? 3 ?(large)
travel
brands,
has
described
what
happens:
"People
race
around
the
streets
of
Jinghong
and
the
surrounding
villages,
soaking(浸透)
every
person? 4 ?sight
with
buckets
of
water."
5 (tradition),
water
would
be
collected
and
poured
only
on
family
members
as
a
symbolic
way? 6 (ensure)
good
luck
in
the
coming
year.
The
Dai
people
believe
that
the
wetter
you
get,
the
luckier
you
will
be.
Although
water? 7 ?(play)
a
vital
role
in
the
celebration,
there
is
much
more
to
the
festival,
especially
during
the
first
two
days? 8 ?water
splashing
is
comparatively
kept
under
control,
according
to
Lonely
Planet.
People
wear
their
best
clothes,
while
older
women
in
nearby
villages? 9 (dress)
in
traditional
outfits(服装).
They
gather
with
their
families
and
visit
Dai
temples.
There,
they
wash
the
statues
of
the
Buddha(佛)
with
water,
a
practice? 10 (know)
as
"Bathing
the
Buddha"
Ⅱ.
短文改错
This
morning,
I
got
an
email
from
the
library.
It
said
the
book
I
reserved
was
ready
to
be
picking
up.
Because
I
had
always
been
waiting
to
read
it,
so
at
that
moment
I
was
very
exciting.
Outside
the
library,
I
saw
the
man
driving
around
the
small
parking
lot,
try
to
find
a
parking
space.
He
head
for
the
disabled
parking
space,
the
only
one
that
was
free.
He
got
off
his
car
with
a
pile
of
library
book
to
return.
Seeing
that,
I
offered
to
return
them
to
him.
He
thanked
me
and
jumped
quick
in
his
car
and
drove
off,
keeping
the
disabled
parking
space
free
for
someone
needed
it.
【专题专练】
Ⅰ.单项填空
1.
Is
there
a
bar
around
_____I
can
have
something
to
eat?
A.
that
B.
what
C.
which
D.
where
2.
The
house,
_____
was
destroyed
in
the
terrible
fire,
has
been
repaired.
A.
the
roof
of
which
B.
which
roof??
C.
its
roof??
D.
the
roof
3.
Edison
made
a
lot
of
inventions,
____
of
great
importance.
A.
which
I
think
are
B.
which
I
think
they
are
C.
which
I
think
they
D.
I
think
which
are
4.
I’ll
talk
about
a
newly-opened
market
______
you
may
get
all
_______
you
need.
A.
in
which;
which
B.
where;
that
C.
where;
what
D.
which;
that
5.
Can
you
lend
me
the
novel
_____
the
other
day?
A.
that
you
talked??
B.
you
talked
about
it??
C.
which
you
talked
with
D.
you
talked
about
6.
____
is
mentioned
above,
the
number
of
the
students
in
senior
high
school
is
increasing.
A.
Which
B.
As
C.
That
D.
It
7.
The
fence
in
our
garden,
_____
my
father
built
many
years
ago,
has
lasted
for
a
long
time.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
what
D.
where
8.
When
lost
in
work,
_____
he
often
was,
he
would
forget
all
about
eating
and
sleeping.
A.
what
B.
so
C.
just
like
D.
as
9.
A
football
fan
(球迷)
is
_____
has
a
strong
interest
in
football.
A.
a
thing
that
B.
something
that??
C.
a
person
who
D.
what
10.
We
travelled
together
as
far
as
Chicago,
_____
we
said
goodbye
to
each
other.
A.
which
B.
when
C.
why
D.
where
11.
The
matter
_____
you
were
arguing
about
last
night
has
been
settled.
A.
that
B.
what??
C.
why??
D.
for
which
12.
Will
you
please
show
me
the
way
to
the
only
tall
building
_______
stands
near
the
post
office?
A.
不填
B.
in
which
C.
that
D.
where
13.
His
sister
had
become
a
teacher,
______
was
what
he
wanted
to
be.
A.
who
B.
what
C.
that
D.
which
14.
With
the
development
of
agriculture,
the
people
_______village
I
taught
before
have
lived
a
happy
life.
A.
who
B.
whose
C.
in
whose
D.
in
which
15.
I
hope
you
will
find
this
valley
a
beautiful
place
_____
you
may
spend
your
weekend.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
when
D.
where
16.
He
must
be
from
Africa,
____
can
be
seen
from
his
skin.
A.
that
B.
as
C.
it
D.
what
17.
Both
the
girl
and
her
dog
____
were
crossing
the
street
were
hit
by
a
coming
car.
A.
which
B.
who
C.
they
D.
that
18.
I,
____
your
friend,
will
try
my
best
to
help
you
out.
A.
which
are
B.
which
is
C.
who
is
D.
who
am
19.
Is
this
just
the
city
____
the
foreign
guests
wish
to
pay
a
visit
_____.
A.
which,
to
B.
to
which,
/
C.
that,
to
D.
to
that,
/
20.
It’s
one
of
the
most
interesting
stories
___
I
have
___
read
A.
which,
never
B.
that,
ever
C.
that,
never
D.
which,
ever
21.
On
my
way
home
in
the
street
I
saw
a
lady
___
I
thought
was
your
aunt.
A.
who
B.
whom
C.
which
D.
whose
22.
I
remember
that
____
took
part
in
the
ball
party
had
a
wonderful
time.
A.
all
B.
all
that
C.
all
which
D.
all
what
23.
This
is
the
largest
clock
in
the
world,
____
the
minute
hand
is
six
metres
long.
A.
that
B.
of
which
C.
which
D.
whose
24.
China
is
the
birthplace
of
kites,
_____
kite
flying
spread
to
Japan,
Korea,
Thailand
and
India.
A.
from
that
B.
from
where
C.
from
there
D.
from
here
25.
____
is
known
to
everybody,
the
moon
travels
round
the
earth
once
every
month.
A.
it
B.
As
C.
That
D.
What
26.
Who
_____
has
common
sense
will
do
such
a
thing?
A.
which
B.
who????
C.
whom
D.
that
27.
All
the
apples
_____
fell
down
were
eaten
by
the
pigs.
A.
that
B.
those??
C.
which??
D.
what
28.
They
asked
him
to
tell
them
everything
_____
he
saw
at
the
front.
A.
what
B.
that??
C.
which??
D.
where
29.
I’ll
tell
you
_____
he
told
me
last
night.
A.
all
which??
B.
all
what??
C.
that
all
D.
all
30.
A
child
_____
parents
are
dead
is
called
an
orphan.
A.
who
B.
who’s??
C.
whose
D.
which
31.
Is
this
the
museum
_____
you
visited
the
other
day?
A.
that
B.
where??
C.
in
which
??
D.
the
one
32.
Is
this
museum
_____
some
German
friends
visited
last
Wednesday?
A.
that
B.
where??
C.
in
which??
D.
the
one
33.
---
How
do
you
like
the
book?
---
It’s
quite
different
from
_____
I
read
last
month.
A.
that
B.
which??
C.
the
one
D.
the
one
what
34.
Which
sentence
is
wrong?
A.
The
finger
I
dipped
into
the
cup
was
not
the
one
I
put
it
into
my
mouth.
B.
Do
you
know
the
boy
who
jumped
onto
the
platform?
C.
Science
and
new
technology
have
made
it
possible
for
farmers
to
produce
more
food
on
the
same
amount
of
land.
D.
People
in
ancient
times
took
it
for
granted
that
the
sun
moved
round
the
earth.
35.
The
train
_____
she
was
traveling
was
late.
A.
which
B.
where??
C.
on
which
D.
in
that
36.
He
has
lost
the
key
to
the
drawer
_____
the
papers
are
kept.
A.
where
B.
on
which??
C.
under
which??
D.
which
37.
Antarctic
_____
we
know
very
little
is
covered
with
thick
ice
all
the
year
round.
A.
which
B.
where??
C.
that??
D.
about
which
38.
It’s
the
third
time
_____
late
this
month.
A.
that
you
arrived
B.
when
you
arrived??
C.
that
you’ve
arrived
D.
when
you’ve
arrived
39.
He
often
helps
the
students
_____
he
thinks
are
not
quick
at
their
studies.
A.
whom
B.
who??
C.
when
D.
because
40.
The
Second
World
War
_____
millions
of
people
were
killed
ended
in
1945.
A.
when??
B.
during
that??
C.
in
which
D.
which
41.
Mr.
Crossett
will
never
forget
the
day
_____
he
spent
with
his
various
students.
A.
when
B.
which??
C.
during
which
??
D.
on
which
42.
This
is
just
the
place
_____
I
am
longing
to
visit
these
years.
A.
that
B.
where??
C.
in
which
D.
to
where
43.
We
are
going
to
spend
the
Spring
festival
in
Guangzhou,
_____
live
my
grandparents
and
some
relatives.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
who
D.
where
44.
The
hotel
_____
during
our
holidays
stands
by
the
seaside.
A.
we
stayed
at
B.
where
we
stayed
at
C.
we
stayed
D.
in
that
we
stayed
45.
I
have
bought
the
same
dress
_____
she
is
wearing.
A.
as
B.
that
C.
which
D.
than
46.
He
is
not
_____
a
fool
_____.
A.
such
/
as
he
is
looked
B.
such
/
as
he
looks
C.
as
/
as
he
is
looked
D.
so
/
as
he
looks
47.
Is
that
the
reason
_____
you
are
in
favor
of
the
proposal?
A.
which
B.
what
C.
why
D.
for
that
48.
He
has
two
sons,
_____
work
as
chemists.
A.
two
of
whom
B.
both
of
whom
C.
both
of
which
D.
all
of
whom
49.
The
buses,
_____
were
already
full,
were
surrounded
by
an
angry
crowd.
A.
most
of
that
B.
which
most
C.
most
of
which
D.
that
most
50.
My
glasses,
_____
I
was
like
a
blind
man,
fell
to
the
ground
and
broke.
A.
which
B.
with
which
C.
without
which
D.
that
51.
_____,
the
compass
was
first
made
in
China.
A.
It
is
know
to
all
B.
It
is
known
that
C.
We
all
know
D.
As
is
known
to
all
52.
He
is
a
man
of
great
experience,
_____
much
can
be
learned.
A.
who
B.
that
C.
from
which
D.
from
whom
53.
It
was
such
a
serious
mistake,
_____
caused
by
carelessness.
A.
which
I
think
was
B.
which
I
think
it
was
C.
I
think
which
was
D.
I
think
which
it
was
54.
The
general
at
last
got
a
chance
to
visit
the
village
_____
he
used
to
fight,
_____
he
had
been
dreaming
of
for
years.
A.
that
/
which
B.
where
/
that
C.
in
which
/
what
D.
where
/
which
55.
I
will
hire
the
man
_____
they
say
is
a
good
English
speaker.
A.
who
B.
that
C.
which
D.
whom
56.
I
gave
him
a
warning,
_____
he
turned
a
deaf
ear.
A.
of
which
B.
for
which
C.
to
that
D.
to
which
57.
My
father
has
made
me
_____
I
am.
A.
who
B.
which
C.
what
D.
that
58.
She
is
one
of
the
few
girls
who
_____
passed
the
examination.
A.
was
B.
were
C.
has
D.
have
59.
You
may
call
on
me
from
one
to
five
o’clock,
during
_____
I
am
always
at
home.
A.
the
time
B.
what
time
C.
that
time
D.
which
time
60.
China
is
the
birthplace
of
kites,
_____
kiteflying（放风筝）
spread
to
Japan,
Korea,
Thailand
and
India.
A.
from
there
B.
where
C.
from
where
D.
there
Ⅱ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1.She
and
her
family
bicycle
to
work,________
helps
them
keep
fit.
2.Kate,________
sister
I
shared
a
room
with
when
we
were
at
college,has
gone
to
work
in
Australia.?
3.In
1963
the
UN
set
up
the
World
Food
Programme,one
of
________
purposes
is
to
relieve
worldwide
starvation.
4.Self-driving
is
an
area________
China
and
the
rest
of
the
world
are
on
the
same
starting
line.
5.The
little
problems
________
we
meet
in
our
daily
lives
may
be
inspirations
for
great
inventions.
6.Scientists
have
advanced
many
theories
about
________
human
beings
cry
tears,none
of
which
has
been
proved.________
7.We
will
put
off
the
picnic
in
the
park
until
next
week,________
the
weather
may
be
better.
8.Many
young
people,most
of________
were
well-educated,headed
for
remote
regions
to
chase
their
dreams.
9.Many
westerners
________
come
to
China
cook
much
less
than
in
their
own
countries
once
they
realize
how
cheap
it
can
be
to
eat
out.
10.Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014________
showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
a
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
causes.
11.Some
experts
think
reading
is
the
fundamental
skill
upon
________
school
education
depends.?
12.He
wrote
many
children’s
books,nearly
half
of
________
were
published
in
the
1990s.
Ш.用定语从句及括号内的提示完成下列句子
1.This
is
the
best
film
________
(see)(我看过的)
in
the
past
few
years.?
2.The
result
must
have
been
disappointing,
_______________(see)(从……可以看出)
the
disappointed
look
on
his
face.?
3.You’d
better
ask
your
teachers
and
parents
for
advice,
_______________(means)(通过这种方式)
you
will
make
a
wiser
decision.?
4.Nowadays
almost
everyone
prefers
to
use
a
smart
mobile
phone
_______________(function)(它的功能更加实用).?
5.This
is
the
reason_______________(leave)(他为什么现在离开).?
6.Mary
Brown
moved
to
a
place
_______________(lie)(靠近大海),so
she
could
go
swimming
every
day.?
7.He
got
himself
into
a
difficult
situation
_______________(make
a
decision)(在这种情形下他必须完全靠自己做出最终决定).?
8.It’s
the
same
person_______________(find)(我们昨天要找的)yesterday.?
9.Learning
strategies,
to_______________(attach)
importance(老师们认为重要的),have
not
yet
drawn
enough
attention
of
students.?
10.Anyone_______________(凡是想展示个人才华的人)
can
go
in
for
the
CCTV
programme
“Amazing
Chinese”.?
考点详解
考向1
关系代词
考向2
关系副词
考向3
介词+关系代词
考向4
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
难点剖析
检测训练解密10定语从句
【考点解读】
定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。纵观近几年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括：
1.
考查关系代词和关系副词的区分。如:
that,
which和where,
when的区分;
that,
which和why的区分等。
2.
考查whose的使用。whose可以指代人或物,
在定语从句中作定语,
后跟名词。指物时,
whose＋名词＝名
词＋
of
which
＝
of
which＋名词。如：
The
classroom
whose
door/the
door
of
which/of
which
the
door
is
broken
is
on
the
second
floor.
3.
考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。尤其要重视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和it，what引
导的主语从句的区分。
4.
考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。如：
I,
who
am
your
close
friend,
will
try
my
best
to
help
you
whenever
you
are
in
trouble.
5.
考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，
指物时用which，不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如：
The
teacher
in
front
of
whose
house
stands
a
tall
tree
is
very
patient
with
his
students.
6.
考查一些特殊的先行词。如:
当situation,
point,
case,
activity,
scene及period,
festival,
occasion等出现时,
要
注意具体情况具体分析;
作主语、宾语和表语时,
用关系代词that/which;
作状语时,
用关系副词
where/when或“介词＋which”,
表示在某种特定的情形下。
7.
考查定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别。
【高考预测】
定语从句是历年高考的重点，主要考查常见关系代词和关系副词的用法，比如which/that/as/
when/where的用法及区别性的选择等，及与其他从句如名词性从句的区别等。在高考的中主要体现在语法填空、短文改错、完形填空等中，且完形填空80%每年会出一道题。
1.
定语从句中的引导词及其在从句中的作用
所作成分
代替人
代替物
代替人或物
主语
who
which
that
宾语
whom/who
which
that
定语
whose/of
whom
whose/of
which
?Is
he
the
man
who/that
wants
to
see
you?
他是那个想见你的男人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语)
?He
is
the
man
whom/that
I
saw
yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
?The
man
whom
you
spoke
to
just
now
is
our
English
teacher.
刚才和你说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。
?The
package(which/that)you
are
carrying
is
about
to
come
unwrapped.
你拿的那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在从句中作宾语)
?A
child
whose
parents
are
dead
is
called
an
orphan.
双亲都死了的孩子叫作孤儿。(whose表示那个孩子的双亲)
?He
lives
in
a
room
whose
window
faces
south.
他住在那个窗户朝南的房子里。(whose表示那个房子的窗户)
2.
关系代词that和which的用法区别
情况
说明
只用that不用which
先行词是不定代词或由不定代词修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被其修饰时
先行词被the
very，the
only等修饰时
主句是以which，what，who开头的特殊疑问句时
先行词既有人也有物时
两个定语从句中一个关系代词用which，另一个要用that
只用which不用that
引导非限制性定语从句时
关系代词前有介词时
先行词本身是that时
?It
is
the
best
film(that)I
have
seen.这是我看过的最棒的电影。
?He
is
the
very
man
that
they
are
looking
for.他正是他们在寻找的人。
?They
talked
of
things
and
persons
that
they
remembered
in
the
school.
他们谈到他们记得的学校的那些人和事。
3.
关系代词as引导限制性定语从句的用法
（1）as既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等，引导限制性定语从句时的固定搭配：the
same
...as
...；such
...as
...；so/as
...as
...
?She
is
such
a
nice
girl
as
we
all
like.她是一个我们大家都喜欢的好女孩。
【注意】
①This
is
such
a
beautiful
park
that
everyone
wants
to
visit
it.
这是一个如此漂亮的公园以至于每个人都想去参观。
②This
is
such
a
beautiful
park
as
everyone
wants
to
visit.这是一个如此漂亮的每个人都想去参观的公园。
句①由于从句中不缺少任何语法成分，故从句在这个结构中为结果状语从句。
句②从句中动词visit缺少宾语，故应用关系代词as引导定语从句。
（2）the
same
...as与the
same
...that的区别：
?This
is
the
same
pen
as
I
bought
yesterday.
这和我昨天买的那支钢笔一样。
?This
is
the
same
pen
that
I
bought
yesterday.这就是我昨天买的那支钢笔。
1.（2020.山东新高考.语法填空）The
80,000
objects
collected
by
Sir
Hans
Sloane,
for
example,
38.formed
(form)
the
core
collection
of
the
British
Museum
39.
opened
in
1759.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:例如，汉斯?斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the
British
Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
2.
（2019.全国卷Ш.语法填空）They
were
well
trained
by
their
masters_____had
great
experience
with
caring
for
these
animals.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词their
masters,在定语从句中做主语，所以用关系代词who。
3.（2020·江苏卷·单项填空）
Many
lessons
are
now
available
online,
from
_____
students
can
choose
for
free.
A.
whose
B.
which
C.
when
D.
whom
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many
lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。
4.
(2018·新课标卷I·语法填空)Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014
66
showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
a
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
causes.
【参考答案】that/which
【答案解析】that或which
考查定语从句的关系词。此处a
study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。
5.
(2018·新课标卷II·语法填空)The
Chinese
Ministry
of
Agriculture
finds
that
between
2005—when
the
government
started
a
soil-testing
program
___69___
gives
specific
fertilizer
recommendations
to
farmers
-
and
2011,
fertilizer
use
dropped
by
7.7
million
tons.
【参考答案】that/which
【答案解析】考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
6.
(2017·新课标卷III·短文改错)Around
me
in
picture
are
the
things
they
were
very
important
in
my
life
at
that
time:
car
magazines
and
musical
instruments.
【参考答案】
they→that/which
【答案解析】考查定语从句。they不能引导定语从句，因为指代things，所以把they改为that或者which。
7.(2017·北京卷·单项填空）The
little
problems
________
we
meet
in
our
daily
lives
may
be
inspirations
for
great
inventions.
A.
that
B.
as
C.
where
D.
when
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】考查定语从句。先行词是
the
little
problems,
在从句中作
meet的宾语，故选关系代词that。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的那些小问题有可能会成为伟大发明的灵感。
8.Among
the
many
dangers__________
sailors
have
to
face,
probably
the
greatest
of
all
is
fog.
A.
which
B.
what
C.
where
D.
when
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】分析句子结构可知，________sailors
have
to
face
是定语从句，修饰先行词the
many
dangers，且从句缺少宾语，要用关系代词。
因此A选项正确。句意为＂
在水手不得不面对的许多危险中，可能最大的是雾霾。＂
1.
常用的关系副词：when，why，where(在从句中只作状语)
2.
意义及作用
关系副词
先行词
在从句中的成分
when
名词，表时间
时间状语
why
名词，表原因
原因状语
where
名词，表地点
地点状语
?I’ll
never
forget
the
day(that/which)we
spent
together
last
week.
我将永远不会忘记上周我们一起度过的那一天。
?I’ll
never
forget
the
day
when
I
got
to
know
you.我将永远不会忘记我认识你的那天。
?I
don’t
like
the
way(that/in
which)he
talks.我不喜欢他谈话的方式。
?Do
you
know
the
reason
why(for
which)he
was
so
sorry?你知道他那么难过的原因吗？
【注意】
①在口语和非正式场合,
when,
where和why或相当于关系副词的
“介词＋which”结构可用that来代替并可省略。
?Do
you
know
anywhere
(that)
I
can
get
a
drink?
你知道在哪儿我能喝杯酒吗？
②why或that引导的定语从句,
先行词是reason,
且reason又作主句
主语时,
表语从句不能用because引导,
而要用that引导。其句型
为：The
reason
why...is
that...或The
reason
that...is
that...。
?The
reason
why
he
was
late
for
school
was
that
he
was
injured
in
the
traffic
accident
on
his
way
to
school.
他上学迟到的原因是他在上学路上的交通事故中受伤了。
?The
reason
that
he
explained
at
the
meeting
was
that
he
had
to
look
after
his
mother
in
hospital.
他在会上解释的原因是他不得不去照顾他住院的母亲。
③“地点模糊”的先行词后跟where引导的定语从句。当先行词为
point,
situation,
conditions,
case,
position,
stage,
scene,
spot,
activity,
family,
job等表示某人/物所处的情况、发展的
阶段或表达某事的某个方面时,
用where引导定语从句,
where
相当于from
which,
under
which等,
表示“在这种情况下”,
“从……中”等。
?We’re
just
trying
to
reach
a
point
where
both
sides
will
sit
down
together
and
talk.
我们只是尽力想能达到双方共同坐下来商谈的地步。
3.
关系代词与关系副词的选择依据
①考虑代替先行词的关系词在从句中充当的语法成分,
如果关系词在从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语,
就用关系代词；如果关系词在从句中作状语,
就用关系副词。
?The
house
where
he
lives
needs
repairing.
which/that
he
lives
in
他住的房子需要修理。
?Have
you
asked
her
for
the
reason
that/which
my
explain
her
absence?
why
she
was
absent?
你是否问过她缺席的原因？
②辨别先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因。
?I
don’t
like
the
man
who
always
speaks
ill
of
others.
我不喜欢总是说他人坏话的人。
?I
will
never
forget
the
days
when
we
worked
together.
我永远也忘不了我们在一起工作的日子。
③判断从句是限制性还是非限制性定语从句。
?A
dictionary
is
a
book
that
gives
the
meanings
of
words.
词典是解释词语意思的书。
?A
dictionary
is
a
book,
which
gives
the
meanings
of
words.
词典是一本书,
它给出词语的意思。
④判断关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语,
取决于定语从句中的谓语动词。
?This
is
the
point
where
I
disagree.
这就是我不同意的地方。(disagree为不及物动词,
故关系词用where。)
?This
is
the
point
(which/that)
I
disagree
with.
这就是我不同意的地方。(从句缺少介词with的宾语,
用that/which引导,
也可以省略)
1.（2020·天津卷一·单项填空）
Mr.
Smith
owned
this
oil
painting
until
the
early
1990
s,
____________he
gave
it
to
his
grandson.
A.
which
B.
when
C.
where
D.
who
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：史密斯先生一直拥有这幅油画，直到20世纪90年代初，他把它送给了孙子。句中包含定语从句，先行词是the?early
1990
s，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故选B。
2.
（2020.新课标Ⅰ卷.
语法填空）Because
the
moon’s
body
blocks
direct
radio
communication
with
a
probe,
China
first
had
to
put
a
satellite
in
orbit
above
the
moon
in
a
spot
63.
it
could
send
signals
to
the
spacecraft
and
to
Earth.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a
spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
3.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）We
have
entered
into
an
age
_______
dreams
have
the
best
chance
of
coming
true.
A.
which
B.
what
C.
when
D.
that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an
age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。
【答案】C
4.（2018·江苏卷·单项填空）Self-driving?is?an?area?______China?and?the?rest?of?the?world?are?on?the?same?starting
line.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
when
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其他国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in
which。故选B。
5.（2018·新课标II卷·短文改错）They
also
had
a
small
pond
which
they
raised
fish.
【参考答案】which前加in
或which改为where
【试题解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a
small
pond是先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in
which或where。
6.（2016·天津卷）We
will
put
off
the
picnic
in
the
park
until
next
week,
the
weather
may
be
better.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
when
【参考答案】D
【试题解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。这是一个定语从句，先行词是next
week，定语从句缺少时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。故选D。
【易错提醒】
当先行词是时间名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，用when引导；若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：
?Do
you
remember
the
days
when
we
chatted
with
each
other
all
night?
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）
?Do
you
remember
the
days
that/which
we
spent
together
on
the
farm?
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that或which作spent的宾语）
7.
Experiments
with
domestic
dogs,
one
animal
was
given
a
treat
and
another
denied,
have
shown
that
they
possess
a
sense
of
fairness
as
they
shared
their
treats.
A.
what
B.
where
C.
that
D.
which
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：用家犬做试验，试验中一只给了食物，而另一只没有，这表明了它们有一种分享食物的公平感。分析句子结构可知，先行词是Experiments，where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，表示抽象地点，where相当于in
which。故选B。
一、有时从句中的介词可以提前到关系代词之前，形成＂介词＋关系代词＂结构，关系代词可以用which，
whose，whom，不可以用that。＂介词＋关系代词＂引导定语从句常见的有以下几种结构：
（1）介词＋关系代词
?Mandela
was
the
black
lawyer
to
whom
I
went
for
advice.
＝Mandela
was
the
black
lawyer
whom
I
went
to
for
advice.曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。
（2）名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词
?He
wrote
a
book,
the
name
of
which
I’ve
completely
forgotten.
他写了一本书，书名我完全给忘记了。
?The
old
man
has
two
daughters,
both
of
whom
are
doctors.
那位老人有两个女儿，她们都是医生。
（3）形容词最高级＋介词＋关系代词
?China
has
thousands
of
islands，the
largest
of
which
is
Taiwan.
中国有成千上万的岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。
（4）介词＋关系代词＋名词
?I
called
him
by
the
wrong
name，for
which
mistake
I
apologized.
我叫错了他的名字，为此我向他表示了歉意。(不能使用whose)
二、＂介词＋关系代词＂结构中介词的选用
1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中的动词或形容词
与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。
?I’ll
never
forget
the
time
during
which
I
spent
my
childhood
in
the
country.
我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。
2.
表示＂整体和部分关系＂，介词常用of。在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等
代词或数词的前、后可以用of
which/whom。
?John
invited
about
40
people
to
his
wedding，most
of
whom
are
family
members.
约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。
3.有时＂介词＋where＂可以引导定语从句，此时要和＂介词＋which＂引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。
?His
head
soon
appeared
out
of
the
window，from
where
he
saw
nothing
but
trees.
他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from
where相当于from
out
of
the
window，而不是from
the
window)
三、
of
whom,
of
which与whose的用法解析。
1.
whose的用法
①whose引导定语从句,
后应紧跟名词,
构成名词短语。
?The
boy,
whose
father
is
an
engineer,
studies
very
hard.
那位小男孩学习很努力,
他的父亲是位工程师。
②whose引导定语从句时,
先行词既可指人,
也可指物。
?The
bicycle,
whose
brake
was
damaged,
has
now
been
repaired.
那辆自行车的闸坏了,
现在已修好了。
③whose在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语,
可以与介词一起放在先行词与从句之间。
在whose引导的定语从句中,
可用of
which代替whose,
但词序不同,
即“whose＋名词＝the＋名词＋
of＋which”；而用of
whom代替时只能指人,
有时可以与whose互换。
?The
boss,
in
whose
factory
Mary's
father
once
worked,
is
kind
to
her.
老板对玛丽很好,
玛丽的父亲曾经在他的工厂工作过。
?He
lives
in
the
room
whose
window
(the
window
of
which)
faces
south.
他住在窗户朝南的房间里。
2.
下列情况只用of
which或of
whom,
而不用whose引导定语从句。
①定语从句的主语是some,
many,
few,
little,
much,
most等词时,
用of
which/whom,
不用
whose。
?Here
are
the
questions,
some
of
which
I
thought
difficult
for
you.
就是这些问题,
我认为其中一些对你来说有难度。
?Present
at
the
meeting
were
almost
experts
on
DNA,
most
of
whom
came
from
the
USA.
出席会议的大多是DNA专家,
其中大部分来自美国。
②定语从句的主语是all,
both,
neither,
each,
none等词时,
用of
which/whom,
不用whose。
?He
has
two
sons,
both
of
whom
are
doctors.
他有两个儿子,
都是医生。
?I
bought
him
two
pieces
of
clothing,
neither
of
which
he
likes.
我给他买了两件衣服,
他一件也不喜欢。
③定语从句的主语是表示数量的词时,
用of
which/
whom,
不用whose。
?Here
are
many
books,
two
of
which
he
borrowed.
这儿有许多书,
他借走了两本。
1.（2020.新课标Ш.语法填空）
In
ancient
China
lived
an
artist61.
paintings
were
almost
lifelike.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
2.
（2020.天津卷.单项填空）Dr.
Rowan,
______
secretary
resigned
two
weeks
ago,
has
had
to
do
all
his
own
typing.
A.
whose
B.
of
whom
C.
of
which
D.
which
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______
secretary
resigned
two
weeks
ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr.
Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr.
Rowan’s
”，表示“……的”
，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。
3.(2017·江苏卷)
In
1963
the
UN
set
up
the
World
Food
Programme,
one
of
________
purposes
is
to
relieve
worldwide
starvation.
A.
which
B.
its
C.
whose
D.
whom
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，one
of
________
purposes
is
to
relieve
worldwide
starvation是非限制性定语从句，先行词是the
World
Food
Programme，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作定语，修饰名词purposes，所以用关系代词whose引导，故选C项。句意：1963年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。
4.（2016
?
江苏卷）Many
young
people,
most
_________were
well-educated,
headed
for
remote
regions
to
chase
their
dreams.
A.
of
which
B.
of
them
C.
of
whom
D.
of
those
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many
young
people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都受过良好教育。故C项正确。
一、可以引导非限制性定语从句的引导词
大部分可以引导限制性定语从句的关系词也可以引导非限制性定语从句，但是关系代词that和关系副词why通常除外。
1.
关系代词which
先行词通常是指物的名词或代词，其中先行词还可以是短语或整个句子。
?The
villa,
which
we
saw
yesterday,
is
very
beautiful.
我们昨天看的别墅很漂亮。（which指代the
villa）
?Tom
was
always
late
for
school,
which
made
his
teacher
angry.
汤姆上学总是迟到，这一点令他的老师很生气。（which指代整个主句的内容）
2.
关系代词who,whom与whose
先行词指人时，who在引导的非限制性定语从句中作主语，whom作宾语，whose作定语。
?Bob’s
father,
who
worked
on
the
project,
spent
four
years
in
Egypt.
鲍勃的父亲从事这项工程，在埃及度过了四年。（who作主语）
?A
young
man
had
a
new
girlfriend,
whom
he
wanted
to
impress.
一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的印象。（whom作宾语）
?I
decided
to
write
about
Chaplin,
one
of
whose
films
I
had
seen
several
years
before.
我决定写有关卓别林的文章，他的一部电影我几年前就看过了。（whose作定语）
3.
关系副词when与where
关系副词在所引导的非限制性定语从句中作状语，where表示地点，when表示时间。
?Next
month,
when
you’ll
spend
your
summer
holidays
in
your
hometown,
is
approaching.
下个月即将来临，届时你们将在家乡度暑假。（when指代表示时间的名词短语next
month，并作从句的状语。）
?She
is
going
to
live
in
Macao,
where
she
has
some
close
friends.
她要到澳门去居住，在那里她有几个密友。（where指代表示地点的名词Macao，并在从句中作状语。）
4.
as
as可以引导非限制性定语从句，常有＂正如……＂的意思，所引导的从句既可置于主句之前，
也可置于主句之后。as多用于固定搭配中：
as
is
known
to
all众所周知
as
has
been
said
before如前所说
as
is
often
the
case情况常常如此
as
may
be
imagined这可以想象得出
as
has
been
pointed
out正如已经指出的那样
as
often
happens这种情况常常发生
as
is
mentioned
above
正如上面所提到的
?As
you
know,
David
is
a
photographer.
=David,
as
you
know,
is
a
photographer.
=
David
is
a
photographer,
as
you
know.
戴维是名摄影师，你是知道的。（as引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。）
【易混辨析】as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
as
which
指代
指代整个主句所表达的内容
既可指代整个主句的内容，又可指代主句中的一部分
位置
as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、句中或主句之后
which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后
意义
常常有＂正如，正像，关于这一点＂的含义
which引导的从句常常说明主句的情况，和主句往往有逻辑上的因果关系。which的意思相当于and
this
?As
we
know,
smoking
is
harmful
to
one’s
health.
众所周知，吸烟有害健康。（as引导定语从句，位于句首，指代整个主句内容）
?Allen
has
made
much
progress
in
English,
which
delighted
us.
艾伦英语取得了很大进步，这使我们很高兴。（which引导定语从句，相当于and
this，表示因果关系）
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
意
义
起限定作用，指特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整
仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句意思完整
结构要求
紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不加逗号
用逗号与先行词或主句隔开
功
能
修饰先行词
修饰先行词或整个主句
引导词
所有的关系代词及副词
关系代词或关系副词，但是关系代词that及关系副词why除外
省略情况
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去
非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省
?The
house,
which
we
bought
last
month,
lies
in
the
center
of
the
city.
那套房子位于市中心，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性定语从句，不表明有多少套房子）
?The
house
(which/that)
we
bought
last
month
lies
in
the
center
of
the
city.
我们上个月买的那套房子位于市中心。（限制性定语从句，暗含＂可能有若干套房子＂之意）
1.
（2020.全国Ⅱ卷.短文改错）Thank
you
for
your
letter,
what
really
made
me
happy.
【参考答案】what改为which
【答案解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：谢谢你的来信，你的信真正让我开心。分析句子，逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词your
letter，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故将what改为which.
2.
(2018·北京卷·单项填空)
She
and
her
family
bicycle
to
work,
_________
helps
them
keep
fit.
A.
which
B.
who
C.
as
D.
that
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。＂_________
helps
them
keep
fit＂是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。
3.（2017·新课标卷I·语法填空）Like
anything,
it
is
possible
to
have
too
much
of
both,
70
is
not
good
for
the
health.
【参考答案】
which
【答案解析】句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知which
is
not
good
for
the
health为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话。
4.（2017·新课标卷II·短文改错）In
their
spare
time,
they
are
interesting（改为interested）
in
planting
vegetables
in
their
garden,
that
is
on
the
rooftop
of
their
house.
【参考答案】
which
【答案解析】非限制性定语从句需要用which引导，故将that改为which。
5.
（2017·新课标卷III·语法填空）But
Sarah,
64
has
taken
part
in
shows
along
with
top
models,
wants
to
prove
(prove)
that
she
has
brains
as
well
as
beauty.
【参考答案】
who
【答案解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，
64
has
taken
part
in
shows
along
with
top
models是非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为Sarah，指人，要用who。
6.（2016·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）But
my
connection
with
pandas
goes
back
64（to）
my
days
on
a
TV
show
in
the
mid-1980s,
65
I
was
the
first
Western
TV
reporter
66（permitted）
(permit)
to
film
a
special
unit
caring
for
pandas
rescued
from
starvation
in
the
wild.
【参考答案】when
【答案解析】考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少状语，又因先行词是时间，故填when。
一、定语从句中需注意的问题
1.
当先行词为表示方式的the
way时，从句不能用how来引导，应用that或in
which，或将它们全部省略。
2.
as引导限制性定语从句时，常用于下列句式中：such＋名词＋as
...＂像……一样的＂；the
same＋名词＋
as
...＂和……同样的＂。
3.
当先行词是time时，若time表示＂次数＂，应用that引导定语从句，并且that可以省略；若time表示＂一段时
间＂讲，应用when或＂at/during＋which＂引导定语从句。
?This
is
the
second
time(that)the
president
has
visited
the
country.
这是这位总统第二次访问这个国家。
?This
is
at
a
time
when/during
which
there
were
no
radios，no
telephones
or
no
TV
sets.
这是在一个没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视的时代。
4.
定语从句中的主谓一致
当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词的数原则上要与先行词保持一致，但要注意以下几点：先行词是＂one
of＋复数名词＂结构时，关系代词引导的定语从句中的谓语动词一般用复数形式；但如有the
very，the
only，the
first，the
last，the
right等修饰one时，谓语动词用单数。
?This
is
one
of
the
most
interesting
questions
that
have
been
asked.
这是被问过的最有意思的问题之一。
?She
is
the
only
one
of
the
girls
who
studies
hard.
她是这些女孩中唯一一个刻苦学习的。
二、定语从句与地点状语从句的区别
当定语从句的引导词与地点状语从句的连接词都是where时，定语从句修饰、限制、说明地点名词；而状语从句则说明动作发生的地点，where没有对应的地点名词或代词。
?This
is
the
place
where
we
used
to
live
a
few
years
ago.
这就是几年前我们常居住的地方。（定语从句）
?Let’s
go
where
we
can
find
a
better
job.
我们到我们能找到更好工作的地方去吧。（地点状语从句）
三、定语从句与强调句型的区别
定语从句对名词或代词的修饰和限制，关系词可能是that,
which,
as,
who,
but,
另一方面，句子中的It有所指；而强调句型是对某部分加强语气，强调语气的连接词只能是that,
who，并且句子中的It
没有任何意义；一般比较明显，而有时就难以区别，还需要根据上下文的语境来判断。
It
is
a
book
that
he
wants.
它究竟是强调句型还是定语从句，就要从语境上来考察。如果它是用来回答What
is
this
/
that?
这样的问题，意思是：它是一本他想要的书。句子显然是定语从句。如果是用来回答What
does
he
want?
这样的问题，那么意思是：他想要的是一本书。显然，句子是强调句型。
题组一
基础过关
I.
用适当的关系词填空
1.
I
borrowed
the
book
Sherlock
Holmes
from
the
library
last
week，________my
classmates
recommended
to
me.
2.
English
is
a
language
shared
by
several
diverse
cultures，each
of________uses
it
differently.
3.
John
invited
about
40
people
to
his
wedding，most
of________are
family
members.
4.
“You
can’t
judge
a
book
by
its
cover，”
________the
old
saying
goes.
5.
Until
now，we
have
raised
50,000
pounds
for
the
poor
children，________is
quite
unexpected.
6.
Mr
Smith，________foot
was
badly
hurt，was
quickly
sent
to
the
local
hospital.
7.
We
live
in
an
age________more
information
is
available
with
greater
ease
than
ever
before.
8.
The
girl
arranged
to
have
piano
lessons
at
the
training
centre
with
her
sister________she
would
stay
for
an
hour.
9.
The
reason
________all
people
present
are
opposed
to
the
project
is
that
it
will
cause
much
pollution.
10.
—What
else
do
you
want
to
say
for
yourselves?
—Well，there
is
one
point________we
must
insist
on.
11.
They
have
reached
the
point
________they
have
to
separate
with
each
other.
12.
I’ll
never
forget
the
days
________we
studied
in
the
university.
【答案】
1.
which
2.
which
3.
whom
4.
as
5.
which
6.
whose
7.
when
8.
where
9.
why
10.
that
11.
where
12.
when
Ⅱ.
把下列句子合成一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句
1.
He
is
waiting
for
his
passport.
He
spent
100
dollars
on
his
passport.
________________________________________________________________________
2.
Cuzoo
lies
in
the
south
of
Peru
and
it
was
once
known
as
the
City
of
the
Sun.
________________________________________________________________________
3.
My
brother,
Jim,
is
working
in
Paris，and
Paris
is
the
capital
of
France.
________________________________________________________________________
4.
The
poor
cat
lived
through
the
cold
and
snowy
winter.
It
was
beyond
my
expectation.
________________________________________________________________________
5.
The
factory
produces
half
a
million
pairs
of
shoes
every
year
and
80%
of
them
are
sold
abroad.
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
1.
He
is
waiting
for
his
passport,
on
which
he
spent
100
dollars.
2.
In
the
south
of
Peru
lies
Cuzco,
which
was
once
known
as
the
City
of
the
Sun.
3.
My
brother,
Jim,
is
working
in
Paris,
which
is
the
capital
of
France.
4.
The
poor
cat
lived
through
the
cold
and
snowy
winter,
which
was
beyond
my
expectation.
5.
The
factory
produces
half
a
million
pairs
of
shoes
every
year,
80%
of
which
are
sold
abroad.
Ⅲ.
单句改错
1．Some
of
the
boys
I
invited
them
didn’t
come.
________________________________________________________________________
2．Anyone
who
break
the
rules
will
be
punished.
________________________________________________________________________
3．Children
eat
a
lot
of
sugar
often
have
bad
teeth.
________________________________________________________________________
4．This
is
the
house
where
we
lived
in
last
year.
________________________________________________________________________
5．This
factory
is
that
I
worked
in.
________________________________________________________________________
6．Such
people
who
you
know
are
very
friendly.
_______________________________________________________________________
7．Now
children
don't
play
the
same
games
like
we
played
in
the
past.
_______________________________________________________________________
8.
The
earth
is
round，that
circles
round
the
sun.
_________________________________________________________________
9.
He
had
two
sons，both
of
them
are
college
students.
_________________________________________________________________
10.
He
failed
in
the
exam，as
made
his
father
very
angry.
_________________________________________________________________
11.
I
may
have
to
work
late，in
that
case
I'll
phone
you.
_________________________________________________________________
12.
He
visited
the
Great
Wall
again，there
he
went
two
years
ago.
_________________________________________________________________
【答案】
1.去掉them
2.break→breaks
3.在Children后加who/that
4.where→that/which或去掉in
5.在is后加the
one
6.who→as
7.like→as
8.that→which
9.them→whom
10.as→which
11.that→which
12.there→where
题组二
真题在线
1.（2020.全国卷Ш.语法填空）61.
In
ancient
China
lived
an
artist61.
paintings
were
almost
lifelike.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
2.
（2020.全国卷Ш.语法填空）Understanding
her
good
intentions,
I
eat
all
the
food
what
is
provided
by
Mom
with
appreciation.
【答案】what改成that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：出于对妈妈好意的理解，我满怀感激地吃着妈妈提供的所有食物。这里含有一个定语从句，先行词是all
the
food，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，可用that或which，先行词被all所修饰，只能使用that，不能使用which，且what不能引导定语从句，所以what改成that。
3.
（2019.全国卷Ш.语法填空）They
were
trained
by
their
master__64___had
great
experience
with
caring
for
these
animals.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词their
masters。将先行词代入定语从句后为：Their
masters
had
great
experience
with
caring
for
these
animals.由此可知关系词在从句中做主语，所以要用关系代词who.
4.
（2018·江苏卷·单项填空）elf-driving?is?an?area?_______China?and?the?rest?of?the?world?are?on?the?same?starting
line.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
when
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in
which。故选B。
5.（2018·天津卷·单项填空）Kate,
_________sister
I
shared
a
room
with
when
we
were
at
college,
has
gone
to
work
in
Australia.
A.
whom
B.
that
C.
whose
D.
her
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。
6.（2018·北京卷·单项填空）She
and
her
family
bicycle
to
work,
_________
helps
them
keep
fit.
A.
which
B.
who
C.
as
D.
that
【答案】A
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。＂_________
helps
them
keep
fit＂是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中作主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。
7.（2017·北京）The
little
problems
______
we
meet
in
our
daily
lives
may
be
inspirations
for
great
inventions.
A.
that
B.
as
C.
where
D.
when
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。此句是定语从
句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems，用that。
8.【2017·天津】9.
My
eldest
son,
_______
work
takes
him
all
over
the
world,
is
in
New
York
at
the
moment.
A.
that
B.
whose
C.
his
D.
who
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我的最大儿子，他的工作带他去全世界，现在在纽约。本句是一个非限制性定语从句。先行词my
elder
son,根据句意和空后名词，确定引导词做定语，在定语从句中只有whose
修饰名词作定语，意为：...的...。故选B。
9.（2016·北京）I
live
next
door
to
a
couple
________children
often
make
a
lot
of
noise.
A.
whose
B.
why
C.
where
D.
which
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我住在一对夫妻的隔壁,他们的孩子总是很吵闹。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从
句修饰a
couple,且关系词在从句中作定语,故用关系代词whose。
10.
（2015·浙江）Creating
an
atmosphere
________employees
feel
part
of
a
team
is
a
big
challenge.
A.
as
B.
whose
C.
in
which
D.
at
which
【答案】C
【解析】句意:营造一种氛围,让员工们感觉(自己)是团队的一分子,此乃一大挑战。先行词是atmosphere,
空
处在定语从句中作地点状语,"
在……氛围中"用介词in,所以选C。?
11.
（2015·天津）The
boss
of
the
company
is
trying
to
create
an
easy
atmosphere
_______his
employees
enjoy
their
work.
A.
where
B.
which
C.
when
D.
who
【答案】A
【解析】句意:公司老板正在尽力营造一个员工们可以在其中快乐工作的轻松的氛围。空处替代先行词
atmosphere,且在定语从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词。
12.
（2015·天津）As
the
smallest
child
of
his
family,
Alex
is
always
longing
for
the
time
________he
should
be
able
to
be
independent.
A.
which
B.
where
C.
whom
D.
when
【答案】D
【解析】句意:作为家里孩子中最小的一个,Alex一直渴望着他能够有独立的时间。根据句子结构来判断,
此句中the
time后面是一个定语从句,且空处在从句中作状语,表示时间,所以要用关系副词when。
13.（2015·安徽）Some
experts
think
reading
is
the
fundamental
skill
upon
________
school
education
depends.
A.
it
B.
that
C.
whose
D.
which
【答案】D
【解析】Some
experts
think是主句,主句之后是省略了连词that的宾语从句;在名词skill之后则是一个由
"介词upon+关系代词"引导的定语从句,定语从句中的主语school
education前不需要加限定词,故排除作
定语的whose,此处应填入关系代词which。句意:一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
14.（2016·江苏）Many
young
people,
most
_______were
well-educated,
headed
for
remote
regions
to
chase
their
dreams.
A.of
which
B.of
them
C.of
whom
D.of
those
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是young
people,
most表示他们中的大多数,因此应该使用most
of
whom。因为先行词指人,不能选择of
which。
15.（2016·浙江）Scientists
have
advanced
many
theories
about
why
human
beings
cry
tears,
none
of
________has
been
proved.
A.whom
B.which
C.what
D.that
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:科学家已经提出了许多关于人类为什么会流泪的理论,其中没有一个得到
了证明。该句中的先行词是many
theories,关系词在定语从句中作of的宾语,应该用关系代词which,
none
of
which共同构成从句的主语,故选B
项。
16.（2016·天津）We
will
put
off
the
picnic
in
the
park
until
next
week,
________the
weather
may
be
better.
A.that
B.where
C.which
D.when
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从句,先行词为next
week,
且关系词在定
语从句中作时间状语,故用when。
17.（2016·湖南）It
is
a
truly
delightful
place,
________looks
the
same
as
it
must
have
done
100
years
ago
with
its
winding
streets
and
pretty
cottages.
A.as
B.where
C.that
D.which
【答案】D
【解析】句意：这实在是一个招人喜欢的地方。它看起来一定和一百年前一样,有着蜿蜒的街道和美丽的农舍。先行词是place,非限制性定语从句缺主语，故选D。as引导非限制性定语从句时往往有＂正如，就像＂的意思。?
18.（2015·四川）The
books
on
the
desk,
________covers
are
shiny,
are
prizes
for
us.
A.which
B.what
C.whose
D.that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:桌上的书是给我们的奖品,这些书的封面是光亮的。定语从句的先行词为
books,它与定语从句的主语是所属关系,所以用关系代词whose引导定语从句。
题组三
名校模拟
Ⅰ.
语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In
the
middle
of
April,
if
you
walk
through
Jinghong,
which
is? 1 ?capital
of
the
Xishuangbanna
region
in
Yunnan
province,? 2 (chance)
are
that
you’ll
get
very,
very
wet.
The
Dai
people
will
be
celebrating
their
Water
Splashing(泼水)
Festival
from
April
13
to
16,
marking
the
new
year
for
the
Dai
ethnic
minority.
Lonely
Planet,
one
of
the
world’s? 3 ?(large)
travel
brands,
has
described
what
happens:
"People
race
around
the
streets
of
Jinghong
and
the
surrounding
villages,
soaking(浸透)
every
person? 4 ?sight
with
buckets
of
water."
5 (tradition),
water
would
be
collected
and
poured
only
on
family
members
as
a
symbolic
way? 6 (ensure)
good
luck
in
the
coming
year.
The
Dai
people
believe
that
the
wetter
you
get,
the
luckier
you
will
be.
Although
water? 7 ?(play)
a
vital
role
in
the
celebration,
there
is
much
more
to
the
festival,
especially
during
the
first
two
days? 8 ?water
splashing
is
comparatively
kept
under
control,
according
to
Lonely
Planet.
People
wear
their
best
clothes,
while
older
women
in
nearby
villages? 9 (dress)
in
traditional
outfits(服装).
They
gather
with
their
families
and
visit
Dai
temples.
There,
they
wash
the
statues
of
the
Buddha(佛)
with
water,
a
practice? 10 (know)
as
"Bathing
the
Buddha"
【语篇解读】本文介绍了四月份西双版纳景洪市傣族人的泼水节。
1．the
考查定冠词。此处特指西双版纳傣族自治州的首府，故用定冠词the。
2．chances
考查名词单复数。你可能会像落汤鸡一样。空后的谓语动词是are,故空处应用名词复数。chances
are
that...是固定句型，意为"可能……"。
3．largest
考查形容词最高级。孤独星球是全球最大的旅游品牌之一。故用形容词最高级。
4．in
考查固定词组。in
sight"看得见的，在视力范围之内的"。
5．Traditionally
考查副词。传统上来说，人们收集水并只将水泼到家人身上。此处应用副词作状语。traditionally"传统上来说"。
6．to
ensure
考查非谓语动词。way后常跟不定式或者of
doing作定语，故此处填to
ensure。
7．plays
考查时态和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实，且下文用的是一般现在时，故此处亦用一般现在时；water
是物质名词，不可数，故空处用谓语动词的单数形式。
8．when
考查定语从句。先行词days
是指时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故用when。
9．are
dressed
考查语态。附近村庄的年纪较大的女人们穿着传统服饰。be
dressed
in"穿着……"。
10．known
考查非谓语动词。在那里，他们用水洗佛像，这就是著名的浴佛习俗。be
known
as意为"作为……而出名"，故用过去分词作后置定语。
Ⅱ.
短文改错
This
morning,
I
got
an
email
from
the
library.
It
said
the
book
I
reserved
was
ready
to
be
picking
up.
Because
I
had
always
been
waiting
to
read
it,
so
at
that
moment
I
was
very
exciting.
Outside
the
library,
I
saw
the
man
driving
around
the
small
parking
lot,
try
to
find
a
parking
space.
He
head
for
the
disabled
parking
space,
the
only
one
that
was
free.
He
got
off
his
car
with
a
pile
of
library
book
to
return.
Seeing
that,
I
offered
to
return
them
to
him.
He
thanked
me
and
jumped
quick
in
his
car
and
drove
off,
keeping
the
disabled
parking
space
free
for
someone
needed
it.
【答案】
This
morning,
I
got
an
email
from
the
library.
It
said
the
book
I
reserved
was
ready
to
be??up.
Because
I
had
always
been
waiting
to
read
it,?so?at
that
moment
I
was
very?.
Outside
the
library,
I
saw??man
driving
around
the
small
parking
lot,??to
find
a
parking
space.
He??for
the
disabled
parking
space,
the
only
one
that
was
free.
He
got
off
his
car
with
a
pile
of
library??to
return.
Seeing
that,
I
offered
to
return
them??him.
He
thanked
me
and
jumped??in
his
car
and
drove
off,
keeping
the
disabled
parking
space
free
for
someoneneeded
it.
【解析】
第一处：picking→picked。考查动词语态。根据语境可知，pick
up和句子主语book构成动宾关系，故用被动语态。
第二处：删除so。考查连词。so和because都是连词，不能同时使用，故删除so。
第三处：exciting→excited。考查分词形容词。excited一般修饰人，而exciting一般修饰物。
第四处：the→a。考查冠词。man第一次在语境中出现。故用不定冠词修饰。
第五处：try→trying。考查非谓语动词。try和句子谓语saw之间没有连词。故用非谓语动词。此外。try和句子主语I构成主第九处：quick→quickly。考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词jumped，在句子中作状语。
谓关系。故用现在分词作状语。
第六处：head→headed。考查动词时态。由后面的"was
free"可知，应用一般过去时。
第七处：book→books。考查名词复数形式。根据a
pile
of可知，书不止一本，故用复数形式。
第八处：to→for。考查介词。介词for表示"为了"，符合语境。
第十处：someone后加who。考查定语从句。who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。
【专题专练】
Ⅰ.单项填空
1.
Is
there
a
bar
around
_____I
can
have
something
to
eat?
A.
that
B.
what
C.
which
D.
where
2.
The
house,
_____
was
destroyed
in
the
terrible
fire,
has
been
repaired.
A.
the
roof
of
which
B.
which
roof??
C.
its
roof??
D.
the
roof
3.
Edison
made
a
lot
of
inventions,
____
of
great
importance.
A.
which
I
think
are
B.
which
I
think
they
are
C.
which
I
think
they
D.
I
think
which
are
4.
I’ll
talk
about
a
newly-opened
market
______
you
may
get
all
_______
you
need.
A.
in
which;
which
B.
where;
that
C.
where;
what
D.
which;
that
5.
Can
you
lend
me
the
novel
_____
the
other
day?
A.
that
you
talked??
B.
you
talked
about
it??
C.
which
you
talked
with
D.
you
talked
about
6.
____
is
mentioned
above,
the
number
of
the
students
in
senior
high
school
is
increasing.
A.
Which
B.
As
C.
That
D.
It
7.
The
fence
in
our
garden,
_____
my
father
built
many
years
ago,
has
lasted
for
a
long
time.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
what
D.
where
8.
When
lost
in
work,
_____
he
often
was,
he
would
forget
all
about
eating
and
sleeping.
A.
what
B.
so
C.
just
like
D.
as
9.
A
football
fan
(球迷)
is
_____
has
a
strong
interest
in
football.
A.
a
thing
that
B.
something
that??
C.
a
person
who
D.
what
10.
We
travelled
together
as
far
as
Chicago,
_____
we
said
goodbye
to
each
other.
A.
which
B.
when
C.
why
D.
where
11.
The
matter
_____
you
were
arguing
about
last
night
has
been
settled.
A.
that
B.
what??
C.
why??
D.
for
which
12.
Will
you
please
show
me
the
way
to
the
only
tall
building
_______
stands
near
the
post
office?
A.
不填
B.
in
which
C.
that
D.
where
13.
His
sister
had
become
a
teacher,
______
was
what
he
wanted
to
be.
A.
who
B.
what
C.
that
D.
which
14.
With
the
development
of
agriculture,
the
people
_______village
I
taught
before
have
lived
a
happy
life.
A.
who
B.
whose
C.
in
whose
D.
in
which
15.
I
hope
you
will
find
this
valley
a
beautiful
place
_____
you
may
spend
your
weekend.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
when
D.
where
16.
He
must
be
from
Africa,
____
can
be
seen
from
his
skin.
A.
that
B.
as
C.
it
D.
what
17.
Both
the
girl
and
her
dog
____
were
crossing
the
street
were
hit
by
a
coming
car.
A.
which
B.
who
C.
they
D.
that
18.
I,
____
your
friend,
will
try
my
best
to
help
you
out.
A.
which
are
B.
which
is
C.
who
is
D.
who
am
19.
Is
this
just
the
city
____
the
foreign
guests
wish
to
pay
a
visit
_____.
A.
which,
to
B.
to
which,
/
C.
that,
to
D.
to
that,
/
20.
It’s
one
of
the
most
interesting
stories
___
I
have
___
read
A.
which,
never
B.
that,
ever
C.
that,
never
D.
which,
ever
21.
On
my
way
home
in
the
street
I
saw
a
lady
___
I
thought
was
your
aunt.
A.
who
B.
whom
C.
which
D.
whose
22.
I
remember
that
____
took
part
in
the
ball
party
had
a
wonderful
time.
A.
all
B.
all
that
C.
all
which
D.
all
what
23.
This
is
the
largest
clock
in
the
world,
____
the
minute
hand
is
six
metres
long.
A.
that
B.
of
which
C.
which
D.
whose
24.
China
is
the
birthplace
of
kites,
_____
kite
flying
spread
to
Japan,
Korea,
Thailand
and
India.
A.
from
that
B.
from
where
C.
from
there
D.
from
here
25.
____
is
known
to
everybody,
the
moon
travels
round
the
earth
once
every
month.
A.
it
B.
As
C.
That
D.
What
26.
Who
_____
has
common
sense
will
do
such
a
thing?
A.
which
B.
who????
C.
whom
D.
that
27.
All
the
apples
_____
fell
down
were
eaten
by
the
pigs.
A.
that
B.
those??
C.
which??
D.
what
28.
They
asked
him
to
tell
them
everything
_____
he
saw
at
the
front.
A.
what
B.
that??
C.
which??
D.
where
29.
I’ll
tell
you
_____
he
told
me
last
night.
A.
all
which??
B.
all
what??
C.
that
all
D.
all
30.
A
child
_____
parents
are
dead
is
called
an
orphan.
A.
who
B.
who’s??
C.
whose
D.
which
31.
Is
this
the
museum
_____
you
visited
the
other
day?
A.
that
B.
where??
C.
in
which
??
D.
the
one
32.
Is
this
museum
_____
some
German
friends
visited
last
Wednesday?
A.
that
B.
where??
C.
in
which??
D.
the
one
33.
---
How
do
you
like
the
book?
---
It’s
quite
different
from
_____
I
read
last
month.
A.
that
B.
which??
C.
the
one
D.
the
one
what
34.
Which
sentence
is
wrong?
A.
The
finger
I
dipped
into
the
cup
was
not
the
one
I
put
it
into
my
mouth.
B.
Do
you
know
the
boy
who
jumped
onto
the
platform?
C.
Science
and
new
technology
have
made
it
possible
for
farmers
to
produce
more
food
on
the
same
amount
of
land.
D.
People
in
ancient
times
took
it
for
granted
that
the
sun
moved
round
the
earth.
35.
The
train
_____
she
was
traveling
was
late.
A.
which
B.
where??
C.
on
which
D.
in
that
36.
He
has
lost
the
key
to
the
drawer
_____
the
papers
are
kept.
A.
where
B.
on
which??
C.
under
which??
D.
which
37.
Antarctic
_____
we
know
very
little
is
covered
with
thick
ice
all
the
year
round.
A.
which
B.
where??
C.
that??
D.
about
which
38.
It’s
the
third
time
_____
late
this
month.
A.
that
you
arrived
B.
when
you
arrived??
C.
that
you’ve
arrived
D.
when
you’ve
arrived
39.
He
often
helps
the
students
_____
he
thinks
are
not
quick
at
their
studies.
A.
whom
B.
who??
C.
when
D.
because
40.
The
Second
World
War
_____
millions
of
people
were
killed
ended
in
1945.
A.
when??
B.
during
that??
C.
in
which
D.
which
41.
Mr.
Crossett
will
never
forget
the
day
_____
he
spent
with
his
various
students.
A.
when
B.
which??
C.
during
which
??
D.
on
which
42.
This
is
just
the
place
_____
I
am
longing
to
visit
these
years.
A.
that
B.
where??
C.
in
which
D.
to
where
43.
We
are
going
to
spend
the
Spring
festival
in
Guangzhou,
_____
live
my
grandparents
and
some
relatives.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
who
D.
where
44.
The
hotel
_____
during
our
holidays
stands
by
the
seaside.
A.
we
stayed
at
B.
where
we
stayed
at
C.
we
stayed
D.
in
that
we
stayed
45.
I
have
bought
the
same
dress
_____
she
is
wearing.
A.
as
B.
that
C.
which
D.
than
46.
He
is
not
_____
a
fool
_____.
A.
such
/
as
he
is
looked
B.
such
/
as
he
looks
C.
as
/
as
he
is
looked
D.
so
/
as
he
looks
47.
Is
that
the
reason
_____
you
are
in
favor
of
the
proposal?
A.
which
B.
what
C.
why
D.
for
that
48.
He
has
two
sons,
_____
work
as
chemists.
A.
two
of
whom
B.
both
of
whom
C.
both
of
which
D.
all
of
whom
49.
The
buses,
_____
were
already
full,
were
surrounded
by
an
angry
crowd.
A.
most
of
that
B.
which
most
C.
most
of
which
D.
that
most
50.
My
glasses,
_____
I
was
like
a
blind
man,
fell
to
the
ground
and
broke.
A.
which
B.
with
which
C.
without
which
D.
that
51.
_____,
the
compass
was
first
made
in
China.
A.
It
is
know
to
all
B.
It
is
known
that
C.
We
all
know
D.
As
is
known
to
all
52.
He
is
a
man
of
great
experience,
_____
much
can
be
learned.
A.
who
B.
that
C.
from
which
D.
from
whom
53.
It
was
such
a
serious
mistake,
_____
caused
by
carelessness.
A.
which
I
think
was
B.
which
I
think
it
was
C.
I
think
which
was
D.
I
think
which
it
was
54.
The
general
at
last
got
a
chance
to
visit
the
village
_____
he
used
to
fight,
_____
he
had
been
dreaming
of
for
years.
A.
that
/
which
B.
where
/
that
C.
in
which
/
what
D.
where
/
which
55.
I
will
hire
the
man
_____
they
say
is
a
good
English
speaker.
A.
who
B.
that
C.
which
D.
whom
56.
I
gave
him
a
warning,
_____
he
turned
a
deaf
ear.
A.
of
which
B.
for
which
C.
to
that
D.
to
which
57.
My
father
has
made
me
_____
I
am.
A.
who
B.
which
C.
what
D.
that
58.
She
is
one
of
the
few
girls
who
_____
passed
the
examination.
A.
was
B.
were
C.
has
D.
have
59.
You
may
call
on
me
from
one
to
five
o’clock,
during
_____
I
am
always
at
home.
A.
the
time
B.
what
time
C.
that
time
D.
which
time
60.
China
is
the
birthplace
of
kites,
_____
kiteflying（放风筝）
spread
to
Japan,
Korea,
Thailand
and
India.
A.
from
there
B.
where
C.
from
where
D.
there
Keys:
1~20:
DAABD
BBDCD
ACDCD
BDDCB
21~40:
ABBBB
DABDC???ADCAC??
ADCBC
41~60:
BADAA
BCBCC??
DDADA
DCDDC
Ⅱ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1.She
and
her
family
bicycle
to
work,which
helps
them
keep
fit.
2.Kate, whose
sister
I
shared
a
room
with
when
we
were
at
college,has
gone
to
work
in
Australia.?
3.In
1963
the
UN
set
up
the
World
Food
Programme,one
of
whose
purposes
is
to
relieve
worldwide
starvation.
4.Self-driving
is
an
area
where
China
and
the
rest
of
the
world
are
on
the
same
starting
line.
5.The
little
problems
that
we
meet
in
our
daily
lives
may
be
inspirations
for
great
inventions.
6.Scientists
have
advanced
many
theories
about
why
human
beings
cry
tears,none
of
which
has
been
proved.
7.We
will
put
off
the
picnic
in
the
park
until
next
week,when
the
weather
may
be
better.
8.Many
young
people,most
of
whom
were
well-educated,headed
for
remote
regions
to
chase
their
dreams.
9.Many
westerners
who/that
come
to
China
cook
much
less
than
in
their
own
countries
once
they
realize
how
cheap
it
can
be
to
eat
out.
10.Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014
that/which
showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
a
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
causes.
11.Some
experts
think
reading
is
the
fundamental
skill
upon
which
school
education
depends.?
12.He
wrote
many
children’s
books,nearly
half
of
which
were
published
in
the
1990s.
Ш.用定语从句及括号内的提示完成下列句子
1.This
is
the
best
film
that
I
have
seen(see)(我看过的)
in
the
past
few
years.?
2.The
result
must
have
been
disappointing,
as/which
could
be
seen
from
(see)(从……可以看出)
the
disappointed
look
on
his
face.?
3.You’d
better
ask
your
teachers
and
parents
for
advice,
by
which
means(means)(通过这种方式)
you
will
make
a
wiser
decision.?
4.Nowadays
almost
everyone
prefers
to
use
a
smart
mobile
phone
whose
functions
are
more
practical(function)(它的功能更加实用).?
5.This
is
the
reason
why
he
is
leaving
now(leave)(他为什么现在离开).?
6.Mary
Brown
moved
to
a
place
which/that
lies
near
the
sea(lie)(靠近大海),so
she
could
go
swimming
every
day.?
7.He
got
himself
into
a
difficult
situation
where
he
must
make
a
final
decision
all
by
himself
(make
a
decision)(在这种情形下他必须完全靠自己做出最终决定).?
8.It’s
the
same
person
as
we
wanted
to
find(find)(我们昨天要找的)yesterday.?
9.Learning
strategies,
to
which(the)
teachers
attach/have
attached(attach)
importance(老师们认为重要的),have
not
yet
drawn
enough
attention
of
students.?
10.Anyone
who
wants
to
show
his
personal
talent(凡是想展示个人才华的人)
can
go
in
for
the
CCTV
programme
“Amazing
Chinese”.?
考点详解
考向1
关系代词
考向2
关系副词
考向3
介词+关系代词
考向4
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
难点剖析
检测训练
