解密14
阅读理解之推理判断题
推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。常见的题干有：
1.
It
can
be
inferred
from
the
text
that…
2.
We
can
conclude
that…
3.
When
the
writer
talks
about...,
what
he
really
means
is
that…
4.
Which
of
the
following
can
be
inferred
from
the
passage?
从历年的高考阅读理解题分析来看，推理判断题所占的比例大概在7％-10％，一般可以归纳为五大题型：细节推断题、因果推断题、人物性格、预测想象推理题和写作意图推测题。下面就这五大类型的题目进行剖析：
题型一
细节推断题：
常见的设问方式：
It
can
be
inferred
from
the
passage/text
that_________.
The
author
mainly
suggests
that
________.
It
can
be
concluded
from
the
passage
that_______.
The
writer
implies
but
not
directly
states
_______.
What
does
the
author
imply
about
newspapers?
细节判断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
干扰项特点：
1.
文章中直接用于表达细节的信息
2.
文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论
3.
与文章内容完全相反的结论
4.
不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。
解题技巧
1.
要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。
2.
要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。
3.
注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。
（2020·全国新课标卷II.
D）
I
have
a
special
place
in
my
heart
for
libraries.
I
have
for
as
long
as
I
can
remember.
I
was
always
an
enthusiastic
reader,
sometimes
reading
up
to
three
books
a
day
as
a
child.
Stories
were
like
air
to
me
and
while
other
kids
played
ball
or
went
to
parties,
I
lived
out
adventures
through
the
books
I
checked
out
from
the
library.
My
first
job
was
working
at
the
Ukiah
Library
when
I
was
16
years
old
.It
was
a
dream
job
and
I
did
everything
from
shelving
books
to
reading
to
the
children
for
story
time.
As
I
grew
older
and
became
a
mother,
the
library
took
on
a
new
place
and
an
added
meaning
in
my
life.
I
had
several
children
and
books
were
our
main
source(来源)
of
entertainment.
It
was
a
big
deal
for
us
to
load
up
and
go
to
the
local
library,
where
my
kids
could
pick
out
books
to
read
or
books
they
wanted
me
to
read
to
them.
I
always
read
,using
different
voices
,as
though
I
were
acting
out
the
stories
with
my
voice
and
they
loved
it
!It
was
a
special
time
to
bond
with
my
children
and
it
filled
them
with
the
wonderment
of
books
.
Now,
I
see
my
children
taking
their
children
to
the
library
and
I
love
that
the
excitement
of
going
to
the
library
lives
on
form
generation
to
generation.
As
a
novelist,
I’ve
found
a
new
relationship
with
libraries.
I
encourage
readers
to
go
to
their
local
library
when
they
can’t
afford
to
purchase
a
book.
I
see
libraries
as
a
safe
haven(避风港)
for
readers
and
writers,
a
bridge
that
helps
put
together
a
reader
with
a
book.
Libraries,
in
their
own
way,
help
fight
book
piracy(盗版行为)
and
1
think
all
writers
should
support
libraries
in
a
significant
way
when
they
can.
Encourage
readers
to
use
the
library.
Share
library
announcements
on
your
social
media.
Frequent
them
and
talk
about
them
when
you
can.
32.
Which
word
best
describes
the
author’s
relationship
with
books
as
a
child?
A.
Cooperative.
B.
Uneasy.
C.
Inseparable.
D.
Casual.
【答案】
32.
C
【解析】
本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。
32.
推理判断题。根据第一段的
I
was
always
an
enthusiastic
reader，sometimes
reading
up
to
three
books
a
day
as
a
child.
Stories
were
like
air
to
me
and
while
other
kids
played
ball
or
went
to
parties.
I
lived
out
adventures
through
the
books
I
checked
out
from
the
library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。
题型二
预测推断题：
常见的设问方式：
What
do
you
think
will
happen
when/if…?
At
the
end
of
this
passage,
the
writer
might
continue
to
write
_______.
The
paragraph
following
the
passage
will
most
probably
be
about_______.
Which
of
the
following
statements
is
most
likely
to
be
talked
about
in
the
following
paragraph?
有些内容文章中没有明确说明，这就要求考生根据语篇内容，对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行预测、推断。作这类题时考生应准确把握作者的写作思路，从而作出比较准确的、合情合理的猜测。
解题技巧
In
1971
we
were
living
in
Wichita,
Kansas
—
Lincoln
was
about
seven,
Brendan
was
three
and
Kristen
was
a
baby.
Mom
was
staying
with
us
during
the
holidays.
On
Christmas
Eve
I
stayed
up
very
late.
I
was
totally
alone
with
my
thoughts,
alternating
between
joy
and
sorrow,
and
I
got
to
think
about
my
paper
route(送报),
that
tree,
what
my
mother
had
said
to
me
and
how
dad
had
tried
to
make
things
better.
I
heard
a
noise
in
the
kitchen
and
discovered
that
it
was
Mom.
She
couldn’t
sleep
either
and
had
gotten
up
to
make
herself
a
cup
of
hot
tea
which
made
her
feel
better.
As
she
waited
for
the
water
to
boil,
she
walked
into
the
living
room
and
discovered
me
there.
She
saw
my
open
Bible
and
asked
me
what
I
was
reading.
When
I
told
her,
she
asked
if
I
would
read
it
to
her
and
I
did.
When
the
kettle
began
to
whistle,
she
went
and
made
her
tea.
She
came
back.
I
told
her
how
happy
I
was
that
she
was
with
us
for
Christmas
and
how
I
wished
that
Dad
could
have
lived
to
see
his
grandchildren
and
to
enjoy
this
time
because
he
always
loved
Christmas
so
much.
She
went
very
quiet
for
a
moment
and
then
she
said,"Do
you
remember
that
time
on
Twelve
Mile
Road
when
you
bought
that
tree
with
your
paper
route
money?"
"Yes,"I
said,"I’ve
just
been
thinking
about
it
you
know."
She
hesitated
for
a
long
moment,
as
though
something
was
bottled
up
so
deeply
inside
her
soul
that
it
might
take
courage
to
get
it
out.
Finally,
great
tears
rolled
down
her
face
and
she
cried,"Oh,
son,
please
forgive
me.
That
time
and
that
Christmas
have
been
a
burden
on
my
heart
for
twenty-five
years.
I
wish
your
dad
were
here
so
I
could
tell
him
how
sorry
I
am
for
what
I
said."
1.
How
many
children
did
the
author
have?
A.
One.
B.
Two.
C.
Three.
D.
Four.
2.
What
do
we
learn
about
the
author’s
father?
A.
He
lived
with
the
author.
B.
He
loved
his
grandsons.
C.
He
loved
his
wife
deeply.
D.
He
had
passed
away.
3.
Why
couldn’t
the
author’s
mother
fall
asleep?
A.
Because
she
needed
to
care
for
the
children.
B.
Because
she
remembered
the
previous
thing.
C.
Because
she
wanted
the
author
to
read
for
her.
D.
Because
she
was
unwilling
to
live
with
the
author.
4.
What
is
likely
to
be
described
in
the
next
paragraph?
A.
How
they
would
celebrate
the
Christmas.
B.
How
the
author’s
father
supported
the
family.
C.
What
happened
to
the
author’s
parents
in
the
past.
D.
The
reason
for
the
author’s
parents’
divorce.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。我和三个孩子以及我的母亲居住在一起。圣诞前夜,我熬夜未睡,意外发现母亲也未入睡,当我们回忆往事时,她失声痛哭。
1.
C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的"Lincoln
was
about
seven,
Brendan
was
three
and
Kristen
was
a
baby"可知,作者有三个孩子,故C项正确。
2.
D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的"and
how
I
wished
that
Dad
could
have
lived
to
see
his
grandchildren"
可推知,作者的父亲已经去世,故D项正确。
3.
B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"Finally,
great
tears
rolled
down
her
face
and
she
cried,
‘...That
time
and
that
Christmas
have
been
a
burden
on
my
heart
for
twenty-five
years.
I
wish
your
dad
were
here
so
I
could
tell
him
how
sorry
I
am
for
what
I
said.’"可知,母亲想起了以前圣诞节的事,对自己所做的事感到难过,因此
无法入眠,故B项正确。本题也可用排除法解题。A项和D项在文中未提及,C项是文中的内容,但并不
是作者母亲无法入睡的原因。
4.
C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段母亲所说的话"
That
time
and
that
Christmas
have
been
a
burden
on
my
heart
for
twenty-five
years.
I
wish
your
dad
were
here
so
I
could
tell
him
how
sorry
I
am
for
what
I
said"可推
知,母亲想起了以前圣诞节的事,对自己所做的事感到难过;据此可以判断,下文将叙述发生在作者父母身
上的故事,故C项正确。
题型三
文章来源或读者对象题：
常见的设问方式：
This
passage
would
most
likely
be
found
in
_______.
The
passage
is
probably
taken
out
of
________.
Where
is
the
passage
most
likely
from?
文章来源或读者对象推断题要求考生具备一定的常识。因此考生本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普知识、小说、童话、广告、教材、说明书、旅游指南、操作指南等有基本的了解，这样才能在做题时根据文章的特点选出答案。
（2020﹒全国新高考C）
In
the
mid-1990s,
Tom
Bissell
taught
English
as
a
volunteer
in
Uzbekistan.
He
left
after
seven
months,
physically
broken
and
having
lost
his
mind.
A
few
years
later,
still
attracted
to
the
country,
he
returned
to
Uzbekistan
to
write
an
article
about
the
disappearance
of
the
Aral
Sea.
His
visit,
however,
ended
up
involving
a
lot
more
than
that.
Hence
this
book,
Chasing
the
Sea:
Lost
Among
the
Ghosts
of
Empire
in
Central
Asia,
which
talks
about
a
road
trip
from
Tashkent
to
Karakalpakstan,
where
millions
of
lives
have
been
destroyed
by
the
slow
drying
up
of
the
sea.
It
is
the
story
of
an
American
travelling
to
a
strange
land,
and
of
the
people
he
meets
on
his
way:
Rustam,
his
translator,
a
lovely
24-year-old
who
picked
up
his
colorful
English
in
California,
Oleg
and
Natasha,
his
hosts
in
Tashkent,
and
a
string
of
foreign
aid
workers.
This
is
a
quick
look
at
life
in
Uzbekistan,
made
of
friendliness
and
warmth,
but
also
its
darker
side
of
society.
In
Samarkand,
Mr
Bissell
admires
the
architectural
wonders,
while
on
his
way
to
Bukhara
he
gets
a
taste
of
police
methods
when
suspected
of
drug
dealing.
In
Ferghana,
he
attends
a
mountain
funeral(葬礼)followed
by
a
strange
drinking
party.
And
in
Karakalpakstan,
he
is
saddened
by
the
dust
storms,
diseases
and
fishing
boats
stuck
miles
from
the
sea.
Mr
Bissell
skillfully
organizes
historical
insights
and
cultural
references,
making
his
tale
a
well-rounded
picture
of
Uzbekistan,
seen
from
Western
eyes.
His
judgment
and
references
are
decidedly
American,
as
well
as
his
delicate
stomach.
As
the
author
explains,
this
is
neither
a
travel
nor
a
history
book,
or
even
a
piece
of
reportage.
Whatever
it
is,
the
result
is
a
fine
and
vivid
description
of
the
purest
of
Central
Asian
traditions.
8.
What
made
Mr
Bissell
return
to
Uzbekistan?
A.
His
friends'
invitation.
B.
His
interest
in
the
country.
C.
His
love
for
teaching.
D.
His
desire
to
regain
health.
9.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“that”
in
paragraph
2
refer
to?
A.
Developing
a
serious
mental
disease.
B.
Taking
a
guided
tour
in
Central
Asia.
C.
Working
as
a
volunteer
in
Uzbekistan.
D.
Writing
an
article
about
the
Aral
Sea.
10.
Which
of
the
following
best
describes
Mr
Bissell's
road
trip
in
Uzbekistan?
A.
Romantic.
B.
Eventful.
C.
Pleasant.
D.
Dangerous.
11.
What
is
the
purpose
of
this
text?
A.
To
introduce
a
book.
B.
To
explain
a
cultural
phenomenon.
C.
To
remember
a
writer.
D.
To
recommend
a
travel
destination.
【答案】
8.
B
9.
D
10.
B
11.
A
【解析】
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
8.
细节理解题。根据第一段的”A
few
years
later,
still
attracted
to
the
country.
he
returned
to
Uzbekistan
to
write
an
article
about
the
disappearance
of
the
Ara
Sea”可知，几年后，Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让Bissell先生再次返回乌兹别克斯坦。故选B。
9.
词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根据第一段最后一句”A
few
years
later,
still
attracted
to
the
country,
he
returned
to
Uzbekistan
to
write
an
article
about
the
disappearance
of
the
Aral
Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
10.
推理判断题。根据第三段”This
is
a
quick
look
at
life
in
Uzbekistan,
made
of
friendliness
and
warmth,
but
also
its
darker
side
of
society.
In
Samarkand,
Mr
Bissell
admires
the
architectural
wonders,
while
on
his
way
to
Bukhara
he
gets
a
taste
of
police
methods
when
suspected
of
drug
dealing.
In
Ferghana,
he
attends
a
mountain
funeral(葬礼)followed
by
a
strange
drinking
party.
And
in
Karakalpakstan,
he
is
saddened
by
the
dust
storms,
diseases
and
fishing
boats
stuck
miles
from
the
sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr
Bissell既体会到了友善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr
Bissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。
11.
推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。
题型四
写作意图推断题：
常见的设问方式：
What
is
the
main
purpose
of
the
author
writing
the
text?
The
purpose
of
the
text
is
to
get
more
people
to
_______.
The
writer
of
the
story
wants
to
tell
us
that________.
The
fact…is
mentioned
by
the
author
to
show________.
The
author
writers
the
last
paragraph
in
order
to
________.
写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。
（2020·全国卷Ⅰ·C）
Race
walking
shares
many
fitness
benefits
with
running,
research
shows,
while
most
likely
contributing
to
fewer
injuries.
It
does,
however,
have
its
own
problem.
Race
walkers
are
conditioned
athletes.
The
longest
track
and
field
event
at
the
Summer
Olympics
is
the
50-kilometer
race
walk,
which
is
about
five
miles
longer
than
the
marathon.
But
the
sport’s
rules
require
that
a
race
walker’s
knees
stay
straight
through
most
of
the
leg
swing
and
one
foot
remain
in
contact
(接触)
with
the
ground
at
all
times.
It’s
this
strange
form
that
makes
race
walking
such
an
attractive
activity,
however,
says
Jaclyn
Norberg,
an
assistant
professor
of
exercise
science
at
Salem
State
University
in
Salem,
Mass.
Like
running,
race
walking
is
physically
demanding,
she
says,
According
to
most
calculations,
race
walkers
moving
at
a
pace
of
six
miles
per
hour
would
burn
about
800
calories(卡路里)
per
hour,
which
is
approximately
twice
as
many
as
they
would
burn
walking,
although
fewer
than
running,
which
would
probably
burn
about
1,000
or
more
calories
per
hour.
However,
race
walking
does
not
pound
the
body
as
much
as
running
does,
Dr.
Norberg
says.
According
to
her
research,
runners
hit
the
ground
with
as
much
as
four
times
their
body
weight
per
step,
while
race
walkers,
who
do
not
leave
the
ground,
create
only
about
1.4
times
their
body
weight
with
each
step.
As
a
result,
she
says,
some
of
the
injuries
associated
with
running,
such
as
runner’s
knee,
are
uncommon
among
race
walkers.
But
the
sport’s
strange
form
does
place
considerable
stress
on
the
ankles
and
hips,
so
people
with
a
history
of
such
injuries
might
want
to
be
cautious
in
adopting
the
sport.
In
fact,
anyone
wishing
to
try
race
walking
should
probably
first
consult
a
coach
or
experienced
racer
to
learn
proper
technique,
she
says.
It
takes
some
practice.
28.
Why
are
race
walkers
conditioned
athletes?
A.
They
must
run
long
distances.
B.
They
are
qualified
for
the
marathon.
C.
They
have
to
follow
special
rules.
D.
They
are
good
at
swinging
their
legs.
29.
What
advantage
does
race
walking
have
over
running?
A.
It’s
more
popular
at
the
Olympics.
B.
It’s
less
challenging
physically.
C.
It’s
more
effective
in
body
building.
D.
It’s
less
likely
to
cause
knee
injuries.
30.
What
is
Dr.
Norberg’s
suggestion
for
someone
trying
race
walking?
A.
Getting
experts’
opinions.
B.
Having
a
medical
checkup.
C.
Hiring
an
experienced
coach.
D.
Doing
regular
exercises.
31.
Which
word
best
describes
the
author’s
attitude
to
race
walking?
A.
Skeptical.
B.
Objective.
C.
Tolerant.
D.
Conservative.
【答案】
28.
C
29.
D
30.
A
31.
B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。
28.
细节理解题。根据第二段“But
the
sport’s
rules
require
that
a
race
walker’s
knees
stay
straight
through
most
of
the
leg
swing
and
one
foot
remain
in
contact
with
the
ground
at
all
times.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。
29.
细节理解题。根据最后一段“As
a
result,
she
says,
some
of
the
injuries
associated
with
running,
such
as
runner’s
knee,
are
uncommon
among
race
walkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。
30.
细节理解题。根据最后一段Dr.
Norberg说的话“In
fact,
anyone
wishing
to
try
race
walking
should
probably
first
consult
a
coach
or
experienced
racer
to
learn
proper
technique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr.
Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A项。
31.
推理判断题。根据第一段“Race
walking
shares
many
fitness
benefits
with
running,
research
shows,
while
most
likely
contributing
to
fewer
injuries.
It
does,
however,
have
its
own
problem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。
题型五
人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题
高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：
（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。
（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感彩的形容词。
（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
干扰项特点：
1.
是自己的某种看法或观点
2.
是社会的一种普遍种倾向
3.
是与本文无关或与作者相反的观点或看法等
解题技巧：
1.
问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中表达感彩的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；
2.
如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。
（2020·新课标全国卷Ⅲ·B）
When
“Rise
of
the
Planet
of
the
Apes”
was
first
shown
to
the
public
last
month,
a
group
of
excited
animal
activists
gathered
on
Hollywood
Boulevard.
But
they
weren’t
there
to
throw
red
paint
on
fur-coat-wearing
film
stars.
Instead,
one
activist,
dressed
in
a
full-body
monkey
suit,
had
arrived
with
a
sign
praising
the
filmmakers:
“Thanks
for
not
using
real
apes
(猿)!”
The
creative
team
behind
“Apes”
used
motion-capture
(动作捕捉)
technology
to
create
digitalized
animals,
spending
tens
of
millions
of
dollars
on
technology
that
records
an
actor’s
performance
and
later
processes
it
with
computer
graphics
to
create
a
final
image
(图像).
In
this
case,
one
of
a
realistic-looking
ape.
Yet
“Apes”
is
more
exception
than
the
rule.
In
fact,
Hollywood
has
been
hot
on
live
animals
lately.
One
nonprofit
organization,
which
monitors
the
treatment
of
animals
in
filmed
entertainment,
is
keeping
tabs
on
more
than
2,000
productions
this
year.
Already,
a
number
of
films,
including
“Water
for
Elephants,”
“The
Hangover
Part
Ⅱ”
and
“Zookeeper,”
have
drawn
the
anger
of
activists
who
say
the
creatures
acting
in
them
haven’t
been
treated
properly.
In
some
cases,
it’s
not
so
much
the
treatment
of
the
animals
on
set
in
the
studio
that
has
activists
worried;
it’s
the
off-set
training
and
living
conditions
that
are
raising
concerns.
And
there
are
questions
about
the
films
made
outside
the
States,
which
sometimes
are
not
monitored
as
closely
as
productions
filmed
in
the
States.
24.
Why
did
the
animal
activists
gather
on
Hollywood
Boulevard?
A.
To
see
famous
film
stars.
B.
To
oppose
wearing
fur
coats.
C.
To
raise
money
for
animal
protection.
D.
To
express
thanks
to
some
filmmakers.
25.
What
does
paragraph
2
mainly
talk
about?
A.
The
cost
of
making
“Apes.”
B.
The
creation
of
digitalized
apes.
C.
The
publicity
about
“Apes.”
D.
The
performance
of
real
apes.
26.
What
does
the
underlined
phrase
“keeping
tabs
on”
in
paragraph
3
probably
mean?
A.
Listing
completely.
B.
Directing
professionally.
C.
Promoting
successfully.
D.
Watching
carefully.
27.
What
can
we
infer
from
the
last
paragraph
about
animal
actors?
A.
They
may
be
badly
treated.
B.
They
should
take
further
training.
C.
They
could
be
traded
illegally
D.
They
would
lose
popularity.
【答案】
24.
D
25.
B
26.
D
27.
A
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐地动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。
24.
细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead,
one
activist
,dressed
in
a
full
-body
monkey
suit
,had
arrived
with
a
sign
praising
the
filmmakers:“Thanks
for
not
using
real
apes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活动人士来到现场，手里拿着一块牌子，称赞电影制作人:“感谢你们不用真正的猿猴。所以动物保护者聚集在好莱坞大道是为了向电影制作者表示感谢。故选D项。
25.
主旨大意题。根据第二段“The
creative
team
behind
"Apes"
used
motion-capture
(动作捕捉)
technology
to
create
digitalized
animals,
spending
tens
of
millions
of
dollars
on
technology
that
I
records
an
actor’s
performance
and
later
processes
it
with
computer
graphics
to
create
a
final
image
(图像).
”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B项。
26.
词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子“One
nonprofit
organization,
which
monitors
the
treatment
or
animals
in
filmed
entertainment”（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already,
a
number
of
films,
including
"Water
for
Elephants,"
"The
Hangover
Part
Ⅱ"
and
"Zookeeper,"
have
drawn
the
anger
of
activists
who
say
the
creatures
acting
in
them
haven’t
been
treated
properly.（许多电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是“密切关注”。故选D项。
27.
推理判断题。根据最后一段In
some
cases,
it’s
not
so
much
the
treatment
of
the
animals
on
set
in
the
studio
that
has
activists
worried;
it’s
the
off-set
training
and
living
conditions
that
are
raising
concerns.
And
there
are
questions
about
the
films
made
outside
the
States,
which
sometimes
are
not
monitored
as
closely
as
productions
filmed
in
the
Sates.”（在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严密的监控。）可知，在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选A项。
题组一
真题在线
Passage
1
（2020·新课标全国卷II·C）
When
you
were
trying
to
figure
out
what
to
buy
for
the
environmentalist
on
your
holiday
list,
fur
probably
didn’t
cross
your
mind.
But
some
ecologists
and
fashion
(时装)enthusiasts
are
trying
to
bring
back
the
market
for
fur
made
from
nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual
fashion
shows
in
New
Orleans
and
Brooklyn
have(showcased)nutria
fur
made
into
clothes
in
different
styles.
“It
sounds
crazy
to
talk
about
guilt-free
fur-unless
you
understand
that
the
nutria
are
destroying
vast
wetlands
every
year”,
says
Cree
McCree,
project
director
of
Righteous
Fur.
Scientists
in
Louisiana
were
so
concerned
that
they
decided
to
pay
hunters
$5
a
tail.
Some
of
the
fur
ends
up
in
the
fashion
shows
like
the
one
in
Brooklyn
last
month.
Nutria
were
brought
there
from
Argentina
by
fur
farmers
and
let
go
into
the
wild.
“The
ecosystem
down
there
can’t
handle
this
non-native
species(物种).It’s
destroying
the
environment.
It’s
them
or
us.”
says
Michael
Massimi,
an
expert
in
this
field.
The
fur
trade
kept
nutria
check
for
decades，but
when
the
market
for
nutria
collapsed
in
the
late
1980s，the
cat-sized
animals
multiplied
like
crazy.
Biologist
Edmond
Mouton
runs
the
nutria
control
program
for
Louisiana.
He
says
it’s
not
easy
to
convince
people
that
nutria
fur
is
green,
but
he
has
no
doubt
about
it.
Hunters
bring
in
more
than
300,000
nutria
tails
a
year,
so
part
of
Mouton’s
job
these
days
is
trying
to
promote
fur.
Then
there’s
Righteous
Fur
and
its
unusual
fashion.
Model
Paige
Morgan
says，”To
give
people
a
guilt-free
option
that
they
can
wear
without
someone
throwing
paint
on
them-1
think
that’s
going
to
be
a
massive
thing,
at
least
here
in
New
York.”
Designer
Jennifer
Anderson
admits
it
took
her
a
while
to
come
around
to
the
opinion
that
using
nutria
fur
for
her
creations
is
morally
acceptable.
She
trying
to
come
up
with
a
lable
to
attach
to
nutria
fashions
to
show
it
is
eco-friendly.
28.
What
is
the
purpose
of
the
fashion
shows
in
New
Orleans
and
Brooklyn?
A.
To
promote
guilt-free
fur.
B.
To
expand
the
fashion
market.
C.
To
introduce
a
new
brand.
D.
To
celebrate
a
winter
holiday.
29.
Why
are
scientists
concerned
about
nutria?
A.
Nutria
damage
the
ecosystem
seriously.
B.
Nutria
are
an
endangered
species.
C.
Nutria
hurt
local
cat-sized
animals.
D.
Nutria
are
illegally
hunted.
30.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“collapsed”
in
paragraph
5
probably
mean?
A.
Boomed.
B.
Became
mature.
C.
Remained
stable.
D.
Crashed.
31.
What
can
we
infer
abouf
wearing
fur
in
New
York
according
to
Morgan?
A.
It’s
formal.
B.
It’s
risky.
C.
It’s
harmful.
D.
It’s
traditional.
Passage
2
（2020·浙江卷.
A）
I
am
an
active
playgoer
and
play-reader,
and
perhaps
my
best
reason
for
editing
this
book
is
a
hope
of
sharing
my
enthusiasm
for
the
theater
with
others.
To
do
this
I
have
searched
through
dozens
of
plays
to
find
the
ones
that
I
think
best
show
the
power
and
purpose
of
the
short
play.
Each
play
has
a
theme
or
central
idea
which
the
playwright(剧作家)
hopes
to
get
across
through
dialogue
and
action.
A
few
characters
are
used
to
create
a
single
impression
growing
out
of
the
theme.
It
is
not
my
intention
to
point
out
the
central
theme
of
each
of
the
plays
in
this
collection,
for
that
would,
indeed,
ruin
the
pleasure
of
reading,
discussing,
and
thinking
about
the
plays
and
the
effectiveness
of
the
playwright.
However,
a
variety
of
types
is
represented
here.
These
include
comedy,
satire,
poignant
drama,
historical
and
regional
drama.
To
show
the
versatility(多面性)
of
the
short
play,
I
have
included
a
guidance
play,
a
radio
play
and
a
television
play.
Among
the
writers
of
the
plays
in
this
collection,
Paul
Green,
Susan
Glaspell,
Maxwell
Anderson,
Thornton
Wilder,
William
Saroyan,
and
Tennessee
Williams
have
all
received
Pulitzer
Prizes
for
their
contributions
to
the
theater.
More
information
about
the
playwrights
will
be
found
at
the
end
of
this
book.
To
get
the
most
out
of
reading
these
plays,
try
to
picture
the
play
on
stage,
with
you,
the
reader,
in
the
audience.
The
houselights
dim(变暗).
The
curtains
are
about
to
open,
and
in
a
few
minutes
the
action
and
dialogue
will
tell
you
the
story.
21.
What
do
we
know
about
the
author
from
the
first
paragraph?
A.
He
has
written
dozens
of
plays.
B.
He
has
a
deep
love
for
the
theater.
C.
He
is
a
professional
stage
actor.
D.
He
likes
reading
short
plays
to
others.
22.
What
does
the
author
avoid
doing
in
his
work?
A.
Stating
the
plays’
central
ideas.
B.
Selecting
works
by
famous
playwrights.
C.
Including
various
types
of
plays.
D.
Offering
information
on
the
playwrights.
23.
What
does
the
author
suggest
readers
do
while
reading
the
plays?
A.
Control
their
feelings.
B.
Apply
their
acting
skills.
C.
Use
their
imagination.
D.
Keep
their
audience
in
mind.
24.
What
is
this
text?
A.
A
short
story.
B.
An
introduction
to
a
book.
C.
A
play
review.
D.
An
advertisement
for
a
theater.
Passage
3
（2020·新课标全国卷Ⅲ·D）
We
are
the
products
of
evolution,
and
not
just
evolution
that
occurred
billions
of
years
ago.
As
scientists
look
deeper
into
our
genes
(基因),
they
are
finding
examples
of
human
evolution
in
just
the
past
few
thousand
years.
People
in
Ethiopian
highlands
have
adapted
to
living
at
high
altitudes.
Cattle
-raising
people
in
East
Africa
and
northern
Europe
have
gained
a
mutation
(突变)
that
helps
them
digest
milk
as
adults.
On
Thursday
in
an
article
published
in
Cell,
a
team
of
researchers
reported
a
new
kind
of
adaptation
-
not
to
air
or
to
food,
but
to
the
ocean.
A
group
of
sea-dwelling
people
in
Southeast
Asia
have
evolved
into
better
divers.
The
Bajau,
as
these
people
are
known,
number
in
the
hundreds
of
thousands
in
Indonesia,
Malaysia
and
the
Philippines.
They
have
traditionally
lived
on
houseboats;
in
recent
times,
they’ve
also
built
houses
on
stilts
(支柱)
in
coastal
waters.
“They
are
simply
a
stranger
to
the
land,”
said
Redney
C.
Jubilado,
a
University
of
Hawaii
researcher
who
studies
the
Bajau.
Dr.
Jubilado
first
met
the
Bajau
while
growing
up
on
Samal
Island
in
the
Philippines.
They
made
a
living
as
divers,
spearfishing
or
harvesting
shellfish.
“We
were
so
amazed
that
they
could
stay
underwater
much
longer
than
us
local
islanders,”
Dr.
Jubilado
said.
“I
could
see
them
actually
walking
under
the
sea.”
In2015,
Melissa
Ilardo,
then
a
graduate
student
in
genetics
at
the
University
of
Copenhagen,
heard
about
the
Bajau.
She
wondered
if
centuries
of
diving
could
have
led
to
the
evolution
of
physical
characteristics
that
made
the
task
easier
for
them.
“it
seemed
like
the
perfect
chance
for
natural
selection
to
act
on
a
population,”
said
Dr.
Ilardo.
She
also
said
there
were
likely
a
number
of
other
genes
that
help
the
Bajau
dive.
32.
What
does
the
author
want
to
tell
us
by
the
examples
in
paragraph
1?
A.
Environmental
adaptation
of
cattle
raisers.
B.
New
knowledge
of
human
evolution.
C.
Recent
findings
of
human
origin.
D.
Significance
of
food
selection.
33.
Where
do
the
Bajau
build
their
houses?
A.
In
valleys.
B.
Near
rivers.
C.
On
the
beach.
D.
Off
the
coast.
34.
Why
was
the
young
Jubilado
astonished
at
the
Bajau?
A.
They
could
walk
on
stilts
all
day.
B.
They
had
a
superb
way
of
fishing.
C.
They
could
stay
long
underwater.
D.
They
lived
on
both
land
and
water.
35.
What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A.
Bodies
Remodeled
for
a
Life
at
Sea
B.
Highlanders’
Survival
Skills
C.
Basic
Methods
of
Genetic
Research
D.
The
World’s
Best
Divers
Passage
4
（2020·江苏卷D）
I
was
in
the
middle
of
the
Amazon
(亚马逊)
with
my
wife,
who
was
there
as
a
medical
researcher.
We
flew
on
a
small
plane
to
a
faraway
village.
We
did
not
speak
the
local
language,
did
not
know
the
customs,
and
more
often
than
not,
did
not
entirely
recognize
the
food.
We
could
not
have
felt
more
foreign.
We
were
raised
on
books
and
computers,
highways
and
cell
phones,
but
now
we
were
living
in
a
village
without
running
water
or
electricity
It
was
easy
for
us
to
go
to
sleep
at
the
end
of
the
day
feeling
a
little
misunderstood.
Then
one
perfect
Amazonian
evening,
with
monkeys
calling
from
beyond
the
village
green,
we
played
soccer.
I
am
not
good
at
soccer,
but
that
evening
it
was
wonderful.
Everyone
knew
the
rules.
We
all
spoke
the
same
language
of
passes
and
shots.
We
understood
one
another
perfectly.
As
darkness
came
over
the
field
and
the
match
ended,
the
goal
keeper,
Juan,
walked
over
to
me
and
said
in
a
matter-of-fact
way,
“In
your
home,
do
you
have
a
moon
too?”
I
was
surprised.
After
I
explained
to
Juan
that
yes,
we
did
have
a
moon
and
yes,
it
was
very
similar
to
his,
I
felt
a
sort
of
awe
(敬畏)
at
the
possibilities
that
existed
in
his
world.
In
Juan’s
world,
each
village
could
have
its
own
moon.
In
Juan’s
world.
the
unknown
and
undiscovered
was
vast
and
marvelous.
Anything
was
possible.
In
our
society,
we
know
that
Earth
has
only
one
moon.
We
have
looked
at
our
planet
from
every
angle
and
found
all
of
the
wildest
things
left
to
find.
I
can,
from
my
computer
at
home,
pull
up
satellite
images
of
Juan’s
village.
There
are
no
more
continents
and
no
more
moons
to
search
for,
little
left
to
discover.
At
least
it
seems
that
way.
Yet,
as
I
thought
about
Juan’s
question,
I
was
not
sure
how
much
more
we
could
really
rule
out.
I
am,
in
part,
an
ant
biologist,
so
my
thoughts
turned
to
what
we
know
about
insect
life
and
I
knew
that
much
in
the
world
of
insects
remains
unknown.
How
much,
though?
How
ignorant
(无知的)
are
we?
The
question
of
what
we
know
and
do
not
know
constantly
bothered
me.
I
began
collecting
newspaper
articles
about
new
species,
new
monkey,
new
spider…,
and
on
and
on
they
appear.
My
drawer
quickly
filled.
I
began
a
second
drawer
for
more
general
discoveries:
new
cave
system
discovered
with
dozens
of
nameless
species,
four
hundred
species
of
bacteria
found
in
the
human
stomach.
The
second
drawer
began
to
fill
and
as
it
did
I
wondered
whether
there
were
bigger
discoveries
out
there,
not
just
species,
but
life
that
depends
on
things
thought
to
be
useless,
life
even
without
DNA.
I
started
a
third
drawer
for
these
big
discoveries.
It
fills
more
slowly,
but
all
the
same,
it
fills.
In
looking
into
the
stories
of
biological
discovery,
I
also
began
to
find
something
else,
a
collection
of
scientists,
usually
brilliant
occasionally
half-mad,
who
made
the
discoveries.
Those
scientists
very
often
see
the
same
things
that
other
scientists
see,
but
they
pay
more
attention
to
them,
and
they
focus
on
them
to
the
point
of
exhaustion
(穷尽),
and
at
the
risk
of
the
ridicule
of
their
peers.
In
looking
for
the
stories
of
discovery,
I
found
the
stories
of
these
people
and
how
their
lives
changed
our
view
of
the
world.
We
are
repeatedly
willing
to
imagine
we
have
found
most
of
what
is
left
to
discover.
We
used
to
think
that
insects
were
the
smallest
organisms
(生物),
and
that
nothing
lived
deeper
than
six
hundred
meters.
Yet,
when
something
new
turns
up,
more
often
than
not,
we
do
not
even
know
its
name.
65.
How
did
the
author
feel
on
his
arrival
in
the
Amazon?
A.
Out
of
place.
B.
Full
of
joy.
C.
Sleepy.
D.
Regretful.
66.
What
made
that
Amazonian
evening
wonderful?
A.
He
learned
more
about
the
local
language.
B.
They
had
a
nice
conversation
with
each
other.
C.
They
understood
each
other
while
playing.
D.
He
won
the
soccer
game
with
the
goal
keeper.
67.
Why
was
the
author
surprised
at
Juan’s
question
about
the
moon?
A.
The
question
was
too
straightforward.
B.
Juan
knew
so
little
about
the
world.
C.
The
author
didn’t
know
how
to
answer.
D.
The
author
didn’t
think
Juan
was
sincere.
68.
What
was
the
author’s
initial
purpose
of
collecting
newspaper
articles?
A.
To
sort
out
what
we
have
known.
B.
To
deepen
his
research
into
Amazonians.
C.
To
improve
his
reputation
as
a
biologist.
D.
To
learn
more
about
local
cultures.
69.
How
did
those
brilliant
scientists
make
great
discoveries?
A.
They
shifted
their
viewpoints
frequently.
B.
They
followed
other
scientists
closely.
C.
They
often
criticized
their
fellow
scientists.
D.
They
conducted
in-depth
and
close
studies.
70.
What
could
be
the
most
suitable
title
for
the
passage?
A.
The
Possible
and
the
Impossible
.
B.
The
Known
and
the
Unknown
.
C.
The
Civilized
and
the
Uncivilized
.
D.
The
Ignorant
and
the
Intelligent.
Passage
5
（2020·天津A）
Your
student
ID
card
identifies
you
as
a
student
at
the
University
of
Bolton.
It
will
provide
you
with
access
to
University
facilities
such
as
University
Libraries,
Sports
Centre,
and
Computing
Services.
Please
carry
your
card
with
you
at
all
times.
Do
not
lose
your
card
or
lend
it
to
others.
Your
card
is
valid
during
the
whole
time
of
your
studies.
It
remains
the
property（财产）of
the
University
of
Bolton
at
all
times.
New
students—photographs
You
will
be
requested
to
upload
a
passport
sized
photograph
as
part
of
the
online
registration
process.
This
should
be
a
jpg
file
with
a
size
of
no
more
than
1
MB.
Your
photograph
should
be
a
portrait
image
in
proportion（比例）to
a
6"×4"
portrait
photograph.
It
should
be
taken
in
colour
and
must
not
have
been
beautified
with
image
filters（滤光镜）.
Your
student
ID
card
will
be
provided
to
you
by
your
department
during
Welcome
Week.
Please
be
aware
that
you
will
not
receive
this
smart
card
during
Welcome
Week
if
you
do
not
upload
your
image
online
by
4
September
2020.
Replacement
cards
If
your
student
ID
card
no
longer
works
or
has
been
damaged,
or
if
you
have
changed
your
personal
or
programme
details,
you
should
call
into
the
Student
Administration
Centre
（SAC）
to
request
a
new
one.
Please
ensure
that
you
bring
your
existing
card
with
you.
Your
replacement
card
will
be
produced
free
of
charge.
If
your
card
has
been
reported
to
the
Police
as
stolen,
please
also
call
into
the
SAC
to
request
a
replacement,
bringing
with
you
a
copy
of
your
Police
Crime
Report
paperwork.
Your
card
will
be
produced
free
of
charge.
If
your
card
has
been
lost,
a
fee
of
￡5
is
charged
for
the
production
of
a
replacement
card.
You
are
requested
to
use
our
online
payment
service.
Note:
Replacement
cards
will
be
available
for
you
to
collect
seven
working
days
after
making
the
request.
As
a
security
measure,
you
are
requested
to
collect
your
card
in
person
at
the
SAC.
36.
Which
of
the
following
is
a
function
of
the
student
ID
card?
A.
To
remind
students
to
protect
public
property.
B.
To
enable
students
to
use
resources
in
the
library.
C.
To
help
students
demonstrate
their
computer
skills.
D.
To
provide
information
about
campus
facilities.
37.
To
meet
the
requirements
of
the
photograph
on
the
student
ID
card,
a
new
student
should
upload__________.
A.
an
image
saved
as
a
PDF
file.
B.
a
colour
picture
of
their
passport.
C.
a
photo
beautified
by
a
photographer.
D.
a
portrait
photograph
of
proper
proportion.
38.
In
which
case
does
a
student
have
to
pay
for
the
replacement
of
the
student
ID
card?
A.
The
theft
of
the
card
has
been
officially
proved.
B.
The
card
holder
has
changed
his
or
her
major.
C.
The
card
dropped
off
into
a
lake
by
accident.
D.
The
card
fails
to
work
properly.
39.
To
collect
your
replacement
card,
you
should___________.
A.
fetch
it
at
the
SAC
personally
B.
go
through
a
security
check
first
C.
call
the
police
station
in
advance
D.
wait
for
seven
days
before
getting
it.
Passage
6
（2020·浙江B）
The
traffic
signals
along
Factoria
Boulevard
in
Bellevue,
Washington,
generally
don't
flash
the
same
length
of
green
twice
in
a
row,
especially
at
rush
hour.
At
9:30am,
the
full
red/yellow/green
signal
cycle
might
be
140
seconds.
By
9:33am,
a
burst
of
additional
traffic
might
push
it
to
145
seconds.
Less
traffic
at
9:37am
could
push
it
down
to
135.
Just
like
the
traffic
itself,
the
timing
of
the
signals
changes.
That
is
by
design.
Bellevue,
a
fast-growing
city
just
east
of
Seattle,
uses
a
system
that
is
gaining
popularity
around
the
US:
intersection(十字路口)
signals
that
can
adjust
in
real
time
to
traffic
conditions.
These
lights,
known
as
adaptive
signals,
have
led
to
significant
declines
in
both
the
trouble
and
cost
of
travels
between
work
and
home.
“Adaptive
signals
can
make
sure
that
the
traffic
demand
that
is
there
is
being
addressed,
”
says
Alex
Stevanovic,
a
researcher
at
Florida
Atlantic
University.
For
all
of
Bellevue’s
success,
adaptive
signals
are
not
a
cure-all
for
jammed
roadways.
Kevin
Balke,
a
research
engineer
at
the
Texas
A&M
University
Transportation
Institute,
says
that
while
smart
lights
can
be
particularly
beneficial
for
some
cities,
others
are
so
jammed
that
only
a
sharp
reduction
in
the
number
of
cars
on
the
road
will
make
a
meaningful
difference.
“It’s
not
going
to
fix
everything,
but
adaptive
signals
have
some
benefits
for
smaller
cities,”
he
says.
In
Bellevue,
the
switch
to
adaptive
signals
has
been
a
lesson
in
the
value
of
welcoming
new
approaches.
In
the
past,
there
was
often
an
automatic
reaction
to
increased
traffic:
just
widen
the
roads,
says
Mark
Poch,
the
Bellevue
Transportation
Department’s
traffic
engineering
manager.
Now
he
hopes
that
other
cities
will
consider
making
their
streets
run
smarter
instead
of
just
making
them
bigger.
25.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“that”
in
paragraph
2
refer
to?
A.
Increased
length
of
green
lights.
B.
Shortened
traffic
signal
cycle.
C.
Flexible
timing
of
traffic
signals.
D.
Smooth
traffic
flow
on
the
road.
26.
What
does
Kevin
Balke
say
about
adaptive
signals?
A.
They
work
better
on
broad
roads.
B.
They
should
be
used
in
other
cities.
C.
They
have
greatly
reduced
traffic
on
the
road.
D.
They
are
less
helpful
in
cities
seriously
jammed.
27.
What
can
we
learn
from
Bellevue’s
success?
A.
It
is
rewarding
to
try
new
things.
B.
The
old
methods
still
work
today.
C.
I
pays
to
put
theory
into
practice.
D.
The
simplest
way
is
the
best
way.
Passage
7
（2020·全国新高考B）
Jenifer
Mauer
has
needed
more
willpower
than
the
typical
college
student
to
pursue
her
goal
of
earning
a
nursing
degree.
That
willpower
bore
fruit
when
Jennifer
graduated
from
University
of
Wisconsin-Eau
Claire
and
became
the
first
in
her
large
family
to
earn
a
bachelor's
degree.
Mauer,
of
Edgar,
Wisconsin,
grew
up
on
a
farm
in
a
family
of
10
children.
Her
dad
worked
at
a
job
away
from
the
farm,
and
her
mother
ran
the
farm
with
the
kids.
After
high
school,
Jennifer
attended
a
local
technical
college,
working
to
pay
her
tuition(学费),
because
there
was
no
extra
money
set
aside
for
a
college
education.
After
graduation,
she
worked
to
help
her
sisters
and
brothers
pay
for
their
schooling.
Jennifer
now
is
married
and
has
three
children
of
her
own.
She
decided
to
go
back
to
college
to
advance
her
career
and
to
be
able
to
better
support
her
family
while
doing
something
she
loves:
nursing.
She
chose
the
UW-Eau
Claire
program
at
Ministry
Saint
Joseph's
Hospital
in
Marshfield
because
she
was
able
to
pursue
her
four-year
degree
close
to
home.
She
could
drive
to
class
and
be
home
in
the
evening
to
help
with
her
kids.
Jenifer
received
great
support
from
her
family
as
she
worked
to
earn
her
degree:
Her
husband
worked
two
jobs
to
cover
the
bills,
and
her
68-year-old
mother
helped
take
care
of
the
children
at
times.
Through
it
all,
she
remained
in
good
academic
standing
and
graduated
with
honors.
Jennifer
sacrificed(牺牲)to
achieve
her
goal,
giving
up
many
nights
with
her
kids
and
missing
important
events
to
study.
''Some
nights
my
heart
was
breaking
to
have
to
pick
between
my
kids
and
studying
for
exams
or
papers,''
she
says.
However,
her
children
have
learned
an
important
lesson
witnessing
their
mother
earn
her
degree.
Jennifer
is
a
first-generation
graduate
and
an
inspiration
to
her
family-and
that's
pretty
powerful.
4.
What
did
Jennifer
do
after
high
school?
A.
She
helped
her
dad
with
his
work.
B.
She
ran
the
family
farm
on
her
own.
C.
She
supported
herself
through
college.
D.
She
taught
her
sisters
and
brothers
at
home.
5.
Why
did
Jennifer
choose
the
program
at
Ministry
Saint
Joseph's
Hospital
in
Marshfield?
A.
To
take
care
of
her
kids
easily.
B.
To
learn
from
the
best
nurses.
C.
To
save
money
for
her
parents.
D.
To
find
a
well-paid
job
there.
6.
What
did
Jennifer
sacrifice
to
achieve
her
goal?
A.
Her
health.
B.
Her
time
with
family.
C.
Her
reputation.
D.
Her
chance
of
promotion.
7.
What
can
we
learn
from
Jenifer's
story?
A.
Time
is
money.
B.
Love
breaks
down
barriers.
C.
Hard
work
pays
off.
D.
Education
is
the
key
to
success.
题组二
名校模拟
1.河南省实验中学2019届高考全真模拟
最后一卷
科普类
Solar
energy
systems
&
power
plants
do
not
produce
air
pollution,
water
pollution,
or
greenhouse
gases.
Using
solar
energy
can
have
a
positive,
indirect
effect
on
the
environment,
when
solar
energy
replaces
or
reduces
the
use
of
other
energy
sources
that
have
larger
effects
on
the
environment.
However,
some
poisonous
materials
and
chemicals
are
used
to
make
the
photovoltaic
(
光电池的)
cells
that
convert
sunlight
into
electricity.
Some
solar
thermal
(保热的)
systems
use
potentially
hazardous
liquids
to
transfer
heat.
Leaks
of
these
materials
could
be
harmful
to
the
environment.
U.
S.
environmental
laws
regulate
the
use
and
settlement
of
these
types
of
materials.
As
with
any
type
of
power
plant,
large
solar
power
plants
can
affect
the
environment
near
their
locations.
The
placement
of
the
power
plant
may
have
long-term
effects
on
the
habitats
of
native
plants
and
animals.
Some
solar
power
plants
may
require
water
for
cleaning
solar
collectors
and
concentrators
or
for
cooling
turbine
generators.
Using
large
volumes
of
ground
water
or
surface
water
in
some
dry
locations
may
affect
the
ecosystems
that
depend
on
these
water
resources.
In
addition,
the
beam
of
concentrated
sunlight
a
solar
power
tower
creates
can
kill
birds
and
insects
that
fly
into
the
beam.
The
amount
of
solar
energy
that
the
earth
receives
each
day
is
many
times
greater
than
the
total
amount
of
all
energy
that
people
consume
each
day.
However,
on
the
surface
of
the
earth,
solar
energy
is
a
variable
and
irregular
energy
source.
The
amount
of
sunlight
and
the
intensity
of
sunlight
varies
by
time
of
day
and
location.
Weather
and
climate
conditions
affect
the
availability
of
sunlight
daily
and
on
a
seasonal
basis.
The
type
and
size
of
a
solar
energy
collection
and
conversion
system
determines
how
much
of
the
available
solar
energy
we
can
convert
into
useful
energy.
1.
Which
of
the
following
best
explains
"hazardous"
underlined
in
paragraph
2?
A.
inexpensive
B.
dangerous
C.
ineffective
D.
abnormal
2.
What
influence
can
large
solar
power
plants
have
on
the
locations?
A.
Polluting
the
ground
water.
B.
Protecting
the
habitats
of
plants
and
animals.
C.
Damaging
the
local
natural
balance.
D.
Attracting
birds
and
insects
to
the
area.
3.
What
does
the
last
paragraph
mainly
tell
us?
A.
Different
areas
receive
different
amount
of
solar
energy.
B.
How
to
convert
solar
energy
into
useful
energy.
C.
The
relationship
between
solar
energy
collection
and
the
sunlight.
D.
Some
factors
that
influence
the
amount
of
solar
energy
collection.
2.山东省潍坊市2019届高三上学期期中考试
说明文
Digital
grounding
is
when
parents
or
caregivers
limit
or
completely
take
away
access
to
technology
from
children.
According
to
a
study
conducted
by
Pew
Research，65％of
parents
have
digitally
grounded
their
teen
by
taking
away
their
teen’s
cellphone
or
internet
access
as
punishment.
Because
children
are
so
connected
with
their
technologies,
digital
grounding
may
seem
like
a
logical
step
for
parents.
Take
away
a
child’s
most
cherished
item
and
they
will
quickly
learn
from
their
behavior.
But
the
idea
of
digital
grounding
isn’t
as
clear—cut
as
that.
Instead,
it
may
be
a
lose-lose
situation
for
parents
and
kids,
alike.
For
most
parents,
the
goal
of
grounding
isn’t
to
make
their
children
unhappy
or
sad.
It
is
to
teach
a
lesson
in
the
hope
that
they
won’t
engage
in
whatever
behavior
got
them
in
trouble
in
the
first
place.
Unfortunately,
though,
digital
grounding
is
often
just
punishment,
not
discipline.
If
a
child
stays
out
past
curfew(约定的最晚回家时间),
a
punishment
would
be
hitting
or
yelling
at
them.
Discipline
would
be
not
letting
them
go
out
the
next
weekend
because
they
failed
to
follow
rules.
We’ve
all
been
there—we’ve
caught
our
child
doing
something
wrong
and
in
the
heat
of
the
moment
laid
out
a
strict
punishment.
We
may
have
been
feeling
hot—headed,
embarrassed,
or
upset.
Often,
though,
these
punishments
don’t
align
with
the
bad
behavior.
While
digital
grounding
may
solve
the
problem
temporarily,
it
won’t
provide
children
with
the
guidance
they
need
to
act
appropriately
in
the
future.
Instead
of
grounding,
show
your
child
what
they
did
wrong
and
give
them
the
chance
to
act
differently.
This
way,
they
will
learn
from
their
mistakes
in
a
practical
manner
and
figure
out
ways
to
be
safe
and
smart
with
technology.
There’s
no
denying
it：technology
is
here
for
the
long-haul.
This
is
why
some
parenting
experts
don’t
recommend
digitally
grounding
your
children.
It
doesn’t
focus
on
the
end
goal
of
safe
behavior.
They
recommend
teaching
them
good
habits
as
soon
as
possible,
rather
than
taking
away
their
technology.
By
digitally
grounding
them,
you
are
putting
a
bandage
over
the
wound,
rather
than
treating
it.
Now,
when
we
say
that
digital
grounding
is
a
lose-lose
situation,
we’re
not
saying
that
disciplining
your
children
in
general
is
a
lose—lose
situation.
Discipline
is
a
great
way
to
teach
children
lessons,
when
used
appropriately.
1.
Which
of
the
following
is
a
form
of
discipline?
A.
Hitting
or
yelling
at
children.
B.
Laying
out
a
strict
punishment
in
the
heat
of
the
moment.
C.
Taking
away
access
to
cellphones
from
children
completely.
D.
Forbidding
kids
to
go
out
the
next
weekend
if
they
stay
out
past
curfew.
2.
What
does
the
author
think
of
digital
grounding?
A.
It
benefits
children
greatly.
B.
It
is
no
better
than
disciplining.
C.
Parents
can
use
it
to
correct
kids’behavior.
D.
Neither
parents
nor
children
gain
benefits
from
it.
3.
What
does
the
author
suggest
parents
do
instead
of
grounding?
A.
Give
kids
more
free
time.
B.
Act
appropriately
in
public.
C.
Help
kids
form
good
habits.
D.
Put
a
bandage
over
the
wound.
4.
What’s
the
purpose
of
the
text?
A.
To
inform
us
of
ways
of
punishing
kids.
B.
To
explain
what
digital
grounding
means.
C.
To
show
how
to
parent
children
in
digital
times.
D.
To
prove
digital
grounding
is
not
a
good
parenting
way.
3.江西省名校（临川一中、南昌二中)2019届高三联合考试
科普类
Have
you
ever
spent
an
afternoon
in
the
backyard,
maybe
grilling
or
enjoying
a
basketball
game,
when
suddenly
you
notice
that
everything
goes
quiet?
There
is
an
old
phrase
“calm
before
the
storm”,
often
used
in
a
situation---a
quiet
period
just
before
a
great
activity
or
excitement.
According
to
our
own
experience,
we
know
there
is
actually
calm
before
the
storm.
But
what
causes
this
calm?
And
is
it
always
calm
before
the
storm?
A
period
of
calm
happens
in
a
particular
kind
of
storm,
the
simplest
kind
of
storm---a
single-cell
thunderstorm.
In
this
type
of
thunderstorm,
there
is
usually
only
one
main
stream
of
current,
which
is
warm,
damp
air
and
drawn
from
places
near
the
ground.
Storms
need
warm
and
damp
air
as
fuel,
so
they
typically
draw
that
air
in
from
surrounding
environment.
Storms
can
draw
in
the
air
that
fit
their
need
from
all
directions—even
from
the
direction
in
which
the
storm
is
traveling.
As
the
warm,
damp
air
is
pulled
into
a
storm
system,
it
leaves
a
low-pressure
vacuum(真空)
coming
after.
The
rising
air
meets
the
cold
dry
air
that
has
already
existed
in
the
storm
clouds,
thus
the
temperature
of
the
warm,
damp
air
drops,
and
the
water
vapor
in
it
changes
into
tiny
drops
that
are
a
precondition
of
rain.
These
drops
accumulate
and
build
on
larger
particles(颗粒)
like
dust,
until
they
grow
large
enough
to
form
raindrops.
This
warm,
damp
air
keeps
moving
upwards,
but
it
becomes
cooler
and
drier
during
its
trip
through
cloud.
When
it
reaches
the
top
of
the
cloud,
the
air
is
squeezed
out
at
the
top.
This
air
is
sent
rolling
out
over
the
big
thunderclouds.
From
there,
the
air
goes
down.
Warm
and
dry
air
is
relatively
stable,
and
once
it
covers
a
region,
that
air,
in
turn,
causes
the
calm
before
a
storm.
Most
thunderstorms,
though,
don't
start
with
calm.
That's
because
most
are
actually
groups
of
storms
with
complex
wind
patterns.
There's
so
much
air
moving
up
and
down
storm
groups
that
the
calm
before
the
storm
never
happens.
Instead,
before
the
storm,
it
might
be
really
windy!
1.
Which
best
fits
the
description
of
a
particular
kind
of
storm?
A.
A
thunderstorm
with
a
single
shape.
B.
A
thunderstorm
without
strong
winds.
C.
A
storm
with
air
drawn
from
every
direction.
D.
A
storm
fueled
by
moving
air
from
the
ground.
2.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“it”
in
Paragraph
3
refer
to?
A.
Warm
and
wet
air.
B.
Warm
and
dry
air.
C.
Cold
and
wet
air.
D.
Cold
and
dry
air.
3.
Which
does
the
writer
most
likely
agree
to?
A.
Presence
of
the
calm
relies
on
stable
air.
B.
All
thunderstorms
don’t
start
with
the
calm.
C.
The
drier
the
air
is,
the
bigger
the
storm
will
be.
D.
Storm
happens
without
air
moving
up
and
down.
4.
What
is
the
passage
mainly
about?
A.
A
brief
introduction
of
a
peaceful
storm.
B.
A
personal
experience
of
a
heavy
storm.
C.
An
explanation
of
the
calm
before
a
storm.
D.
An
analysis
of
causes
and
effects
of
a
storm.
4.江西省名校（临川一中、南昌二中)2019届高三联考
说明文
As
the
international
demand
for
narrative(叙事的)
film/TV
content
continues
to
increase
with
popular
streaming
services
like
Netflix
and
others
the
two
questions
then
come:
will
the
coming
generations
receive
most
of
their
entertainment
through
visual
means
rather
than
through
the
written
word
and
will
such
an
increase
of
narrative
film/
TV
reduce
the
importance
of
reading?
Growing
examples
of
this
trend
include
the
diminishment(减少)
of
fiction
in
the
common
core
(核心的)curriculum,
the
ever－rising
culture
of
computer
games,
the
wave
of
streaming
services
of
wide
international
reach,
and
movies
filled
with
special
effects
made
for
children
and
teenagers.
Nor
must
we
ignore
the
economic
dangers
that
lie
ahead
for
the
written
word.
The
narrative
film
industry
is
a
moneymaker
that
dwarfs(使相形见绌)
the
publishing
industry.
The
other
underlying
question,
of
course,
is
“does
it
really
matter
if
the
written
word
bows
to
the
world
of
film/TV?”
From
my
point
of
view,
any
diminishment
of
fiction
delivered
by
words
is
a
loss
for
mankind.
There
is
no
greater
human
feature
than
the
imagination.
It
lies
at
the
very
soul
of
the
human
species.
It
is
the
brain’s
most
powerful
engine.
It
is
the
essential
muscle
of
life
and
like
all
muscles
it
must
be
exercised
and
strengthened.
Writing
and
reading
are
the
principal
tools
that
inspire,
create
and
empower
our
imagination.
Anything
that
diminishes
that
power
is
the
enemy
of
mankind.
It
should
be
known
that
I
am
not
opposed
to
new
media
and
technological
advances.
Instead,
I
have
always
felt
it
necessary
to
adapt
to
advancing
technology.
In
fact,
a
number
of
my
novels
are
in
various
stages
of
development
for
film,
TV,
and
live
stage
productions.
My
hope
is
that
the
written
word
will
only
stand
to
be
complemented(补充)by
its
visual
counterparts(对应物),
not
pushed
to
the
edge
of
extinction.
Of
course,
there
are
those
who
will
present
arguments
for
the
superiority
of
the
moving
image
over
the
written
word.
Each
has
its
place.
My
argument
is
for
finding
the
right
balance
between
it
and
the
moving
image.
1.
In
what
way
does
narrative
film/TV
embarrass
the
written
word?
A.
Economic
benefits
B.
International
reach
C.
Cultural
influence
D.
Educational
importance
2.
Why
does
the
author
value
the
role
of
the
written
word?
A.
It
strengthens
our
muscles.
B.
It
helps
sharpen
imagination.
C.
It
distinguishes
man
from
each
other.
D.
It
paves
the
way
for
narrative
film/TV.
3.
What
is
the
author’s
attitude
towards
technology?
A.
Cautious
B.
Skeptical
C.
Positive
D.
Critical
4.
What’s
the
author
concerned
about?
A.
The
fate
of
reading.
B.
The
extinction
of
fiction.
C.
The
impact
of
the
written
word.
D.
The
future
of
the
moving
image.
5.湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2019届高三模拟
说明文
Sally
Dawly
is
a
woman
from
Auburn,
California.
Over
the
last
three
and
a
half
years,
the
anti-littering
woman
has
spent
most
of
her
free
time
picking
up
cigarette
butts
(烟头)
from
the
streets
of
her
home
city.
Called
the
“Butt
Lady”
by
her
local
community,
Dawly
began
her
mission
to
rid
the
streets
of
her
city
of
cigarette
butts
in
October,
2014.
The
woman
looked
for
cigarette
butts,
picked
them
up
and
threw
them
in
the
trash.
To
keep
a
count
of
how
many
butts
she
picks
up,
the
Butt
Lady
has
been
using
a
tablet,
and
earlier
this
month,
she
hit
a
historic
milestone—one
million
cigarette
butts.
“I
got
tired
of
going
on
my
walks
and
seeing
cigarette
butts
everywhere,”
Sally
Dawly
said.
“I’m
just
shocked
that
I
had
to
pick
up
so
many.
I’ve
ever
picked
up
3,000
butts
in
one
day,”
she
said.
“Don’t
throw
away
your
butts;
better
yet,
stop
smoking.”
With
so
many
cigarette
butts
littering
the
streets,
can
one
person’s
efforts
really
make
a
difference?
Surprisingly,
the
answer
seems
to
be
yes.
Soon
after
the
Butt
Lady
of
Auburn
started
her
mission
and
word
of
her
efforts
spread,
cigarette
cans
started
appearing
around
bars
and
restaurants
in
the
city.
Members
of
the
local
community
even
came
out
to
cheer
her
on
as
she
approached
her
one-million-butt
milestone.
Sally
knows
her
city’s
cigarette
butt
littering
problem
won’t
be
solved
anytime
soon,
but
she
hopes
her
work
will
inspire
people
to
at
least
think
twice
before
dropping
cigarette
butts
in
the
streets.
She
has
decided
to
continue
cleaning
up
after
irresponsible
smokers,
and
already
has
a
new
milestone
in
her
sights—two
million
cigarette
butts.
Word
of
the
Butt
Lady’s
efforts
to
keep
the
streets
cigarette
butt-free
has
reached
neighboring
communities
as
well,
and
CBS
Sacramento
reports
that
other
cities
have
started
seeking
her
help
as
well.
1.
Why
does
Sally
Dawly
carry
an
iPad
with
her
while
picking
up
the
butts?
A.
To
entertain
the
crowds.
B.
To
monitor
the
smokers.
C.
To
attract
people’s
attention.
D.
To
record
the
number
of
butts.
2.
How
did
Sally
Dawly
feel
when
picking
up
cigarette
butts?
A.
Excited
but
upset.
B.
Shocked
and
sorry
C.
Frightened
but
content.
D.
Astonished
and
desperate.
3.
From
the
text.
what
can
be
inferred
about
Sally
Dawly?
A.
She
picks
up
nearly
3,000
cigarette
butts
every
day.
B.
She
will
work
in
other
cities
in
California
in
the
future.
C.
She
has
set
a
new
goal
of
picking
up
two
million
cigarette
butts.
D.
She
picked
up
one
million
cigarette
butts
with
members
of
her
community.
4.
What
is
the
text
mainly
about?
A.
California’s
“Butt
Lady”.
B.
Fighting
against
smoking.
C.
Californians
health
problems.
D.
Smoking
problems
in
California.
6.东北三省四市2019届高三二模联考英语试题
You
can’t
see
your
sleeping
pets
brain
waves,
but
its
behavior
can
tell
you
when
your
cat
might
be
dreaming.
If
you
watch
closely,
you’ll
see
that
as
she
falls
asleep,
her
breathing
becomes
slow
and
regular
with
her
body
still.
She
has
entered
the
first
stage
of
sleep,
called
slow-wave
sleep.
After
about
15
minutes
you’ll
notice
a
change
in
her
breathing.
Her
eyes
move
under
her
closed
lids,
her
paws
twitch
(抽动)
and
she
flicks
(尤指用手指或手快速地轻抚)
an
ear.
She
has
entered
dreaming.
Although
she
twitches
and
makes
little
grunting
(嘟嘟)
noises,
messages
from
her
brain
to
the
large
muscles
in
her
legs
are
blocked,
so
she
can’t
run
about.
She
is
in
a
state
of
“sleep
paralysis
(麻痹)”.
Michel
Jouvet,
a
French
scientist,
interrupted
their
sleep
paralysis.
Even
though
they
were
completely
asleep,
the
dreaming
cats
began
to
run
for
balls
that
Jouvet
couldn’t
see
and
arched
(弓起)
their
backs
at
unseen
enemies.
He
figures
he
was
watching
them
act
out
their
dreams!
Obviously,
the
dreaming
cats
seemed
to
be
practising
important
cat
skills:
following,
pouncing
(猛扑),
and
fighting.
In
another
study,
Matt
Wilson
recorded
rats
brain
waves
while
they
learned
mazes
(迷宫).
One
day,
he
left
the
brain-wave-recording
machine
on
while
the
rats
fell
asleep.
The
pattern
of
brain
waves
in
the
sleeping
rats
matched
the
pattern
from
the
maze
so
closely
that
Wilson
could
figure
out
exactly
which
part
of
the
maze
each
rat
was
dreaming
about!
Many
researchers
now
think
that
in
both
people
and
animals,
one
purpose
of
dreams
is
to
practise
important
skills
and
figure
out
recent
caning.
This
may
explain
why
so
many
people
dream
about
fighting
and
escaping,
skills
that
were
probably
important
to
our
ancestors,
and
why
dreaming
affects
our
ability
to
learn.
Do
all
animals
dream?
From
looking
at
the
brain
waves
of
sleeping
animals.
How
often
animals
dream
seems
to
be
tied
to
body
size.
Cats
dream
about
every
15
minutes,
mice
every
9
minutes,
and
elephants
every
2
hours.
And
though
cows
and
horses
usually
sleep
standing
up,
they
only
dream
when
lying
down.
1.
What
does
Michel
Jouvet
find
in
his
study?
A.
The
dreaming
cats
are
in
a
state
of
body
paralysis.
B.
The
dreaming
cats
often
practise
their
important
skills.
C.
The
eyes
of
dreaming
cats
moved
while
bodies
are
still.
D.
The
muscles
of
the
dreaming
cats
are
blocked
to
move.
2.
What
can
you
know
about
dreaming
from
the
passage?
A.
Dreaming
a
lot
can
help
humans
learn
more.
B.
Learning
mazes
is
the
basic
skill
for
cats
to
learn.
C.
Rats
often
dreams
to
make
certain
their
recent
learning
D.
Fighting
and
escaping
are
not
important
skills
for
ancestors.
3.
Which
animal
may
dream
most
frequently?
A.
Rats.
B.
Dogs.
C.
Cows.
D.
Elephants
4.
How
does
the
author
develop
his
passage?
A.
By
making
comparisons.
B.
By
using
figures
C.
By
telling
stories
D.
By
showing
facts
考点详解
做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述)，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。
检测训练解密14
阅读理解之推理判断题
推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。常见的题干有：
1.
It
can
be
inferred
from
the
text
that…
2.
We
can
conclude
that…
3.
When
the
writer
talks
about...,
what
he
really
means
is
that…
4.
Which
of
the
following
can
be
inferred
from
the
passage?
从历年的高考阅读理解题分析来看，推理判断题所占的比例大概在7％-10％，一般可以归纳为五大题型：细节推断题、因果推断题、人物性格、预测想象推理题和写作意图推测题。下面就这五大类型的题目进行剖析：
题型一
细节推断题：
常见的设问方式：
It
can
be
inferred
from
the
passage/text
that_________.
The
author
mainly
suggests
that
________.
It
can
be
concluded
from
the
passage
that_______.
The
writer
implies
but
not
directly
states
_______.
What
does
the
author
imply
about
newspapers?
细节判断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
干扰项特点：
1.
文章中直接用于表达细节的信息
2.
文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论
3.
与文章内容完全相反的结论
4.
不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。
解题技巧
1.
要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。
2.
要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。
3.
注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。
（2020·全国新课标卷II.
D）
I
have
a
special
place
in
my
heart
for
libraries.
I
have
for
as
long
as
I
can
remember.
I
was
always
an
enthusiastic
reader,
sometimes
reading
up
to
three
books
a
day
as
a
child.
Stories
were
like
air
to
me
and
while
other
kids
played
ball
or
went
to
parties,
I
lived
out
adventures
through
the
books
I
checked
out
from
the
library.
My
first
job
was
working
at
the
Ukiah
Library
when
I
was
16
years
old
.It
was
a
dream
job
and
I
did
everything
from
shelving
books
to
reading
to
the
children
for
story
time.
As
I
grew
older
and
became
a
mother,
the
library
took
on
a
new
place
and
an
added
meaning
in
my
life.
I
had
several
children
and
books
were
our
main
source(来源)
of
entertainment.
It
was
a
big
deal
for
us
to
load
up
and
go
to
the
local
library,
where
my
kids
could
pick
out
books
to
read
or
books
they
wanted
me
to
read
to
them.
I
always
read
,using
different
voices
,as
though
I
were
acting
out
the
stories
with
my
voice
and
they
loved
it
!It
was
a
special
time
to
bond
with
my
children
and
it
filled
them
with
the
wonderment
of
books
.
Now,
I
see
my
children
taking
their
children
to
the
library
and
I
love
that
the
excitement
of
going
to
the
library
lives
on
form
generation
to
generation.
As
a
novelist,
I’ve
found
a
new
relationship
with
libraries.
I
encourage
readers
to
go
to
their
local
library
when
they
can’t
afford
to
purchase
a
book.
I
see
libraries
as
a
safe
haven(避风港)
for
readers
and
writers,
a
bridge
that
helps
put
together
a
reader
with
a
book.
Libraries,
in
their
own
way,
help
fight
book
piracy(盗版行为)
and
1
think
all
writers
should
support
libraries
in
a
significant
way
when
they
can.
Encourage
readers
to
use
the
library.
Share
library
announcements
on
your
social
media.
Frequent
them
and
talk
about
them
when
you
can.
32.
Which
word
best
describes
the
author’s
relationship
with
books
as
a
child?
A.
Cooperative.
B.
Uneasy.
C.
Inseparable.
D.
Casual.
【答案】
32.
C
【解析】
本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。
32.
推理判断题。根据第一段的
I
was
always
an
enthusiastic
reader，sometimes
reading
up
to
three
books
a
day
as
a
child.
Stories
were
like
air
to
me
and
while
other
kids
played
ball
or
went
to
parties.
I
lived
out
adventures
through
the
books
I
checked
out
from
the
library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。
题型二
预测推断题：
常见的设问方式：
What
do
you
think
will
happen
when/if…?
At
the
end
of
this
passage,
the
writer
might
continue
to
write
_______.
The
paragraph
following
the
passage
will
most
probably
be
about_______.
Which
of
the
following
statements
is
most
likely
to
be
talked
about
in
the
following
paragraph?
有些内容文章中没有明确说明，这就要求考生根据语篇内容，对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行预测、推断。作这类题时考生应准确把握作者的写作思路，从而作出比较准确的、合情合理的猜测。
解题技巧
In
1971
we
were
living
in
Wichita,
Kansas
—
Lincoln
was
about
seven,
Brendan
was
three
and
Kristen
was
a
baby.
Mom
was
staying
with
us
during
the
holidays.
On
Christmas
Eve
I
stayed
up
very
late.
I
was
totally
alone
with
my
thoughts,
alternating
between
joy
and
sorrow,
and
I
got
to
think
about
my
paper
route(送报),
that
tree,
what
my
mother
had
said
to
me
and
how
dad
had
tried
to
make
things
better.
I
heard
a
noise
in
the
kitchen
and
discovered
that
it
was
Mom.
She
couldn’t
sleep
either
and
had
gotten
up
to
make
herself
a
cup
of
hot
tea
which
made
her
feel
better.
As
she
waited
for
the
water
to
boil,
she
walked
into
the
living
room
and
discovered
me
there.
She
saw
my
open
Bible
and
asked
me
what
I
was
reading.
When
I
told
her,
she
asked
if
I
would
read
it
to
her
and
I
did.
When
the
kettle
began
to
whistle,
she
went
and
made
her
tea.
She
came
back.
I
told
her
how
happy
I
was
that
she
was
with
us
for
Christmas
and
how
I
wished
that
Dad
could
have
lived
to
see
his
grandchildren
and
to
enjoy
this
time
because
he
always
loved
Christmas
so
much.
She
went
very
quiet
for
a
moment
and
then
she
said,"Do
you
remember
that
time
on
Twelve
Mile
Road
when
you
bought
that
tree
with
your
paper
route
money?"
"Yes,"I
said,"I’ve
just
been
thinking
about
it
you
know."
She
hesitated
for
a
long
moment,
as
though
something
was
bottled
up
so
deeply
inside
her
soul
that
it
might
take
courage
to
get
it
out.
Finally,
great
tears
rolled
down
her
face
and
she
cried,"Oh,
son,
please
forgive
me.
That
time
and
that
Christmas
have
been
a
burden
on
my
heart
for
twenty-five
years.
I
wish
your
dad
were
here
so
I
could
tell
him
how
sorry
I
am
for
what
I
said."
1.
How
many
children
did
the
author
have?
A.
One.
B.
Two.
C.
Three.
D.
Four.
2.
What
do
we
learn
about
the
author’s
father?
A.
He
lived
with
the
author.
B.
He
loved
his
grandsons.
C.
He
loved
his
wife
deeply.
D.
He
had
passed
away.
3.
Why
couldn’t
the
author’s
mother
fall
asleep?
A.
Because
she
needed
to
care
for
the
children.
B.
Because
she
remembered
the
previous
thing.
C.
Because
she
wanted
the
author
to
read
for
her.
D.
Because
she
was
unwilling
to
live
with
the
author.
4.
What
is
likely
to
be
described
in
the
next
paragraph?
A.
How
they
would
celebrate
the
Christmas.
B.
How
the
author’s
father
supported
the
family.
C.
What
happened
to
the
author’s
parents
in
the
past.
D.
The
reason
for
the
author’s
parents’
divorce.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。我和三个孩子以及我的母亲居住在一起。圣诞前夜,我熬夜未睡,意外发现母亲也未入睡,当我们回忆往事时,她失声痛哭。
1.
C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的"Lincoln
was
about
seven,
Brendan
was
three
and
Kristen
was
a
baby"可知,作者有三个孩子,故C项正确。
2.
D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的"and
how
I
wished
that
Dad
could
have
lived
to
see
his
grandchildren"
可推知,作者的父亲已经去世,故D项正确。
3.
B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"Finally,
great
tears
rolled
down
her
face
and
she
cried,
‘...That
time
and
that
Christmas
have
been
a
burden
on
my
heart
for
twenty-five
years.
I
wish
your
dad
were
here
so
I
could
tell
him
how
sorry
I
am
for
what
I
said.’"可知,母亲想起了以前圣诞节的事,对自己所做的事感到难过,因此
无法入眠,故B项正确。本题也可用排除法解题。A项和D项在文中未提及,C项是文中的内容,但并不
是作者母亲无法入睡的原因。
4.
C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段母亲所说的话"
That
time
and
that
Christmas
have
been
a
burden
on
my
heart
for
twenty-five
years.
I
wish
your
dad
were
here
so
I
could
tell
him
how
sorry
I
am
for
what
I
said"可推
知,母亲想起了以前圣诞节的事,对自己所做的事感到难过;据此可以判断,下文将叙述发生在作者父母身
上的故事,故C项正确。
题型三
文章来源或读者对象题：
常见的设问方式：
This
passage
would
most
likely
be
found
in
_______.
The
passage
is
probably
taken
out
of
________.
Where
is
the
passage
most
likely
from?
文章来源或读者对象推断题要求考生具备一定的常识。因此考生本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普知识、小说、童话、广告、教材、说明书、旅游指南、操作指南等有基本的了解，这样才能在做题时根据文章的特点选出答案。
（2020﹒全国新高考C）
In
the
mid-1990s,
Tom
Bissell
taught
English
as
a
volunteer
in
Uzbekistan.
He
left
after
seven
months,
physically
broken
and
having
lost
his
mind.
A
few
years
later,
still
attracted
to
the
country,
he
returned
to
Uzbekistan
to
write
an
article
about
the
disappearance
of
the
Aral
Sea.
His
visit,
however,
ended
up
involving
a
lot
more
than
that.
Hence
this
book,
Chasing
the
Sea:
Lost
Among
the
Ghosts
of
Empire
in
Central
Asia,
which
talks
about
a
road
trip
from
Tashkent
to
Karakalpakstan,
where
millions
of
lives
have
been
destroyed
by
the
slow
drying
up
of
the
sea.
It
is
the
story
of
an
American
travelling
to
a
strange
land,
and
of
the
people
he
meets
on
his
way:
Rustam,
his
translator,
a
lovely
24-year-old
who
picked
up
his
colorful
English
in
California,
Oleg
and
Natasha,
his
hosts
in
Tashkent,
and
a
string
of
foreign
aid
workers.
This
is
a
quick
look
at
life
in
Uzbekistan,
made
of
friendliness
and
warmth,
but
also
its
darker
side
of
society.
In
Samarkand,
Mr
Bissell
admires
the
architectural
wonders,
while
on
his
way
to
Bukhara
he
gets
a
taste
of
police
methods
when
suspected
of
drug
dealing.
In
Ferghana,
he
attends
a
mountain
funeral(葬礼)followed
by
a
strange
drinking
party.
And
in
Karakalpakstan,
he
is
saddened
by
the
dust
storms,
diseases
and
fishing
boats
stuck
miles
from
the
sea.
Mr
Bissell
skillfully
organizes
historical
insights
and
cultural
references,
making
his
tale
a
well-rounded
picture
of
Uzbekistan,
seen
from
Western
eyes.
His
judgment
and
references
are
decidedly
American,
as
well
as
his
delicate
stomach.
As
the
author
explains,
this
is
neither
a
travel
nor
a
history
book,
or
even
a
piece
of
reportage.
Whatever
it
is,
the
result
is
a
fine
and
vivid
description
of
the
purest
of
Central
Asian
traditions.
8.
What
made
Mr
Bissell
return
to
Uzbekistan?
A.
His
friends'
invitation.
B.
His
interest
in
the
country.
C.
His
love
for
teaching.
D.
His
desire
to
regain
health.
9.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“that”
in
paragraph
2
refer
to?
A.
Developing
a
serious
mental
disease.
B.
Taking
a
guided
tour
in
Central
Asia.
C.
Working
as
a
volunteer
in
Uzbekistan.
D.
Writing
an
article
about
the
Aral
Sea.
10.
Which
of
the
following
best
describes
Mr
Bissell's
road
trip
in
Uzbekistan?
A.
Romantic.
B.
Eventful.
C.
Pleasant.
D.
Dangerous.
11.
What
is
the
purpose
of
this
text?
A.
To
introduce
a
book.
B.
To
explain
a
cultural
phenomenon.
C.
To
remember
a
writer.
D.
To
recommend
a
travel
destination.
【答案】
8.
B
9.
D
10.
B
11.
A
【解析】
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
8.
细节理解题。根据第一段的”A
few
years
later,
still
attracted
to
the
country.
he
returned
to
Uzbekistan
to
write
an
article
about
the
disappearance
of
the
Ara
Sea”可知，几年后，Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让Bissell先生再次返回乌兹别克斯坦。故选B。
9.
词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根据第一段最后一句”A
few
years
later,
still
attracted
to
the
country,
he
returned
to
Uzbekistan
to
write
an
article
about
the
disappearance
of
the
Aral
Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
10.
推理判断题。根据第三段”This
is
a
quick
look
at
life
in
Uzbekistan,
made
of
friendliness
and
warmth,
but
also
its
darker
side
of
society.
In
Samarkand,
Mr
Bissell
admires
the
architectural
wonders,
while
on
his
way
to
Bukhara
he
gets
a
taste
of
police
methods
when
suspected
of
drug
dealing.
In
Ferghana,
he
attends
a
mountain
funeral(葬礼)followed
by
a
strange
drinking
party.
And
in
Karakalpakstan,
he
is
saddened
by
the
dust
storms,
diseases
and
fishing
boats
stuck
miles
from
the
sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr
Bissell既体会到了友善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr
Bissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。
11.
推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。
题型四
写作意图推断题：
常见的设问方式：
What
is
the
main
purpose
of
the
author
writing
the
text?
The
purpose
of
the
text
is
to
get
more
people
to
_______.
The
writer
of
the
story
wants
to
tell
us
that________.
The
fact…is
mentioned
by
the
author
to
show________.
The
author
writers
the
last
paragraph
in
order
to
________.
写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。
（2020·全国卷Ⅰ·C）
Race
walking
shares
many
fitness
benefits
with
running,
research
shows,
while
most
likely
contributing
to
fewer
injuries.
It
does,
however,
have
its
own
problem.
Race
walkers
are
conditioned
athletes.
The
longest
track
and
field
event
at
the
Summer
Olympics
is
the
50-kilometer
race
walk,
which
is
about
five
miles
longer
than
the
marathon.
But
the
sport’s
rules
require
that
a
race
walker’s
knees
stay
straight
through
most
of
the
leg
swing
and
one
foot
remain
in
contact
(接触)
with
the
ground
at
all
times.
It’s
this
strange
form
that
makes
race
walking
such
an
attractive
activity,
however,
says
Jaclyn
Norberg,
an
assistant
professor
of
exercise
science
at
Salem
State
University
in
Salem,
Mass.
Like
running,
race
walking
is
physically
demanding,
she
says,
According
to
most
calculations,
race
walkers
moving
at
a
pace
of
six
miles
per
hour
would
burn
about
800
calories(卡路里)
per
hour,
which
is
approximately
twice
as
many
as
they
would
burn
walking,
although
fewer
than
running,
which
would
probably
burn
about
1,000
or
more
calories
per
hour.
However,
race
walking
does
not
pound
the
body
as
much
as
running
does,
Dr.
Norberg
says.
According
to
her
research,
runners
hit
the
ground
with
as
much
as
four
times
their
body
weight
per
step,
while
race
walkers,
who
do
not
leave
the
ground,
create
only
about
1.4
times
their
body
weight
with
each
step.
As
a
result,
she
says,
some
of
the
injuries
associated
with
running,
such
as
runner’s
knee,
are
uncommon
among
race
walkers.
But
the
sport’s
strange
form
does
place
considerable
stress
on
the
ankles
and
hips,
so
people
with
a
history
of
such
injuries
might
want
to
be
cautious
in
adopting
the
sport.
In
fact,
anyone
wishing
to
try
race
walking
should
probably
first
consult
a
coach
or
experienced
racer
to
learn
proper
technique,
she
says.
It
takes
some
practice.
28.
Why
are
race
walkers
conditioned
athletes?
A.
They
must
run
long
distances.
B.
They
are
qualified
for
the
marathon.
C.
They
have
to
follow
special
rules.
D.
They
are
good
at
swinging
their
legs.
29.
What
advantage
does
race
walking
have
over
running?
A.
It’s
more
popular
at
the
Olympics.
B.
It’s
less
challenging
physically.
C.
It’s
more
effective
in
body
building.
D.
It’s
less
likely
to
cause
knee
injuries.
30.
What
is
Dr.
Norberg’s
suggestion
for
someone
trying
race
walking?
A.
Getting
experts’
opinions.
B.
Having
a
medical
checkup.
C.
Hiring
an
experienced
coach.
D.
Doing
regular
exercises.
31.
Which
word
best
describes
the
author’s
attitude
to
race
walking?
A.
Skeptical.
B.
Objective.
C.
Tolerant.
D.
Conservative.
【答案】
28.
C
29.
D
30.
A
31.
B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。
28.
细节理解题。根据第二段“But
the
sport’s
rules
require
that
a
race
walker’s
knees
stay
straight
through
most
of
the
leg
swing
and
one
foot
remain
in
contact
with
the
ground
at
all
times.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。
29.
细节理解题。根据最后一段“As
a
result,
she
says,
some
of
the
injuries
associated
with
running,
such
as
runner’s
knee,
are
uncommon
among
race
walkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。
30.
细节理解题。根据最后一段Dr.
Norberg说的话“In
fact,
anyone
wishing
to
try
race
walking
should
probably
first
consult
a
coach
or
experienced
racer
to
learn
proper
technique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr.
Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A项。
31.
推理判断题。根据第一段“Race
walking
shares
many
fitness
benefits
with
running,
research
shows,
while
most
likely
contributing
to
fewer
injuries.
It
does,
however,
have
its
own
problem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。
题型五
人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题
高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：
（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。
（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感彩的形容词。
（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
干扰项特点：
1.
是自己的某种看法或观点
2.
是社会的一种普遍种倾向
3.
是与本文无关或与作者相反的观点或看法等
解题技巧：
1.
问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中表达感彩的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；
2.
如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。
（2020·新课标全国卷Ⅲ·B）
When
“Rise
of
the
Planet
of
the
Apes”
was
first
shown
to
the
public
last
month,
a
group
of
excited
animal
activists
gathered
on
Hollywood
Boulevard.
But
they
weren’t
there
to
throw
red
paint
on
fur-coat-wearing
film
stars.
Instead,
one
activist,
dressed
in
a
full-body
monkey
suit,
had
arrived
with
a
sign
praising
the
filmmakers:
“Thanks
for
not
using
real
apes
(猿)!”
The
creative
team
behind
“Apes”
used
motion-capture
(动作捕捉)
technology
to
create
digitalized
animals,
spending
tens
of
millions
of
dollars
on
technology
that
records
an
actor’s
performance
and
later
processes
it
with
computer
graphics
to
create
a
final
image
(图像).
In
this
case,
one
of
a
realistic-looking
ape.
Yet
“Apes”
is
more
exception
than
the
rule.
In
fact,
Hollywood
has
been
hot
on
live
animals
lately.
One
nonprofit
organization,
which
monitors
the
treatment
of
animals
in
filmed
entertainment,
is
keeping
tabs
on
more
than
2,000
productions
this
year.
Already,
a
number
of
films,
including
“Water
for
Elephants,”
“The
Hangover
Part
Ⅱ”
and
“Zookeeper,”
have
drawn
the
anger
of
activists
who
say
the
creatures
acting
in
them
haven’t
been
treated
properly.
In
some
cases,
it’s
not
so
much
the
treatment
of
the
animals
on
set
in
the
studio
that
has
activists
worried;
it’s
the
off-set
training
and
living
conditions
that
are
raising
concerns.
And
there
are
questions
about
the
films
made
outside
the
States,
which
sometimes
are
not
monitored
as
closely
as
productions
filmed
in
the
States.
24.
Why
did
the
animal
activists
gather
on
Hollywood
Boulevard?
A.
To
see
famous
film
stars.
B.
To
oppose
wearing
fur
coats.
C.
To
raise
money
for
animal
protection.
D.
To
express
thanks
to
some
filmmakers.
25.
What
does
paragraph
2
mainly
talk
about?
A.
The
cost
of
making
“Apes.”
B.
The
creation
of
digitalized
apes.
C.
The
publicity
about
“Apes.”
D.
The
performance
of
real
apes.
26.
What
does
the
underlined
phrase
“keeping
tabs
on”
in
paragraph
3
probably
mean?
A.
Listing
completely.
B.
Directing
professionally.
C.
Promoting
successfully.
D.
Watching
carefully.
27.
What
can
we
infer
from
the
last
paragraph
about
animal
actors?
A.
They
may
be
badly
treated.
B.
They
should
take
further
training.
C.
They
could
be
traded
illegally
D.
They
would
lose
popularity.
【答案】
24.
D
25.
B
26.
D
27.
A
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐地动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。
24.
细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead,
one
activist
,dressed
in
a
full
-body
monkey
suit
,had
arrived
with
a
sign
praising
the
filmmakers:“Thanks
for
not
using
real
apes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活动人士来到现场，手里拿着一块牌子，称赞电影制作人:“感谢你们不用真正的猿猴。所以动物保护者聚集在好莱坞大道是为了向电影制作者表示感谢。故选D项。
25.
主旨大意题。根据第二段“The
creative
team
behind
"Apes"
used
motion-capture
(动作捕捉)
technology
to
create
digitalized
animals,
spending
tens
of
millions
of
dollars
on
technology
that
I
records
an
actor’s
performance
and
later
processes
it
with
computer
graphics
to
create
a
final
image
(图像).
”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B项。
26.
词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子“One
nonprofit
organization,
which
monitors
the
treatment
or
animals
in
filmed
entertainment”（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already,
a
number
of
films,
including
"Water
for
Elephants,"
"The
Hangover
Part
Ⅱ"
and
"Zookeeper,"
have
drawn
the
anger
of
activists
who
say
the
creatures
acting
in
them
haven’t
been
treated
properly.（许多电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是“密切关注”。故选D项。
27.
推理判断题。根据最后一段In
some
cases,
it’s
not
so
much
the
treatment
of
the
animals
on
set
in
the
studio
that
has
activists
worried;
it’s
the
off-set
training
and
living
conditions
that
are
raising
concerns.
And
there
are
questions
about
the
films
made
outside
the
States,
which
sometimes
are
not
monitored
as
closely
as
productions
filmed
in
the
Sates.”（在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严密的监控。）可知，在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选A项。
题组一
真题在线
Passage
1
（2020·新课标全国卷II·C）
When
you
were
trying
to
figure
out
what
to
buy
for
the
environmentalist
on
your
holiday
list,
fur
probably
didn’t
cross
your
mind.
But
some
ecologists
and
fashion
(时装)enthusiasts
are
trying
to
bring
back
the
market
for
fur
made
from
nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual
fashion
shows
in
New
Orleans
and
Brooklyn
have(showcased)nutria
fur
made
into
clothes
in
different
styles.
“It
sounds
crazy
to
talk
about
guilt-free
fur-unless
you
understand
that
the
nutria
are
destroying
vast
wetlands
every
year”,
says
Cree
McCree,
project
director
of
Righteous
Fur.
Scientists
in
Louisiana
were
so
concerned
that
they
decided
to
pay
hunters
$5
a
tail.
Some
of
the
fur
ends
up
in
the
fashion
shows
like
the
one
in
Brooklyn
last
month.
Nutria
were
brought
there
from
Argentina
by
fur
farmers
and
let
go
into
the
wild.
“The
ecosystem
down
there
can’t
handle
this
non-native
species(物种).It’s
destroying
the
environment.
It’s
them
or
us.”
says
Michael
Massimi,
an
expert
in
this
field.
The
fur
trade
kept
nutria
check
for
decades，but
when
the
market
for
nutria
collapsed
in
the
late
1980s，the
cat-sized
animals
multiplied
like
crazy.
Biologist
Edmond
Mouton
runs
the
nutria
control
program
for
Louisiana.
He
says
it’s
not
easy
to
convince
people
that
nutria
fur
is
green,
but
he
has
no
doubt
about
it.
Hunters
bring
in
more
than
300,000
nutria
tails
a
year,
so
part
of
Mouton’s
job
these
days
is
trying
to
promote
fur.
Then
there’s
Righteous
Fur
and
its
unusual
fashion.
Model
Paige
Morgan
says，”To
give
people
a
guilt-free
option
that
they
can
wear
without
someone
throwing
paint
on
them-1
think
that’s
going
to
be
a
massive
thing,
at
least
here
in
New
York.”
Designer
Jennifer
Anderson
admits
it
took
her
a
while
to
come
around
to
the
opinion
that
using
nutria
fur
for
her
creations
is
morally
acceptable.
She
trying
to
come
up
with
a
lable
to
attach
to
nutria
fashions
to
show
it
is
eco-friendly.
28.
What
is
the
purpose
of
the
fashion
shows
in
New
Orleans
and
Brooklyn?
A.
To
promote
guilt-free
fur.
B.
To
expand
the
fashion
market.
C.
To
introduce
a
new
brand.
D.
To
celebrate
a
winter
holiday.
29.
Why
are
scientists
concerned
about
nutria?
A.
Nutria
damage
the
ecosystem
seriously.
B.
Nutria
are
an
endangered
species.
C.
Nutria
hurt
local
cat-sized
animals.
D.
Nutria
are
illegally
hunted.
30.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“collapsed”
in
paragraph
5
probably
mean?
A.
Boomed.
B.
Became
mature.
C.
Remained
stable.
D.
Crashed.
31.
What
can
we
infer
abouf
wearing
fur
in
New
York
according
to
Morgan?
A.
It’s
formal.
B.
It’s
risky.
C.
It’s
harmful.
D.
It’s
traditional.
【答案】
28.
A
29.
A
30.
D
31.
B
【解析】
本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。
28.
推理判断题。根据第二段Unusual
fashion
shows
in
New
Orleans
and
Brooklyn
have
showcased
nutria
fur
made
into
clothes
in
different
styles.
“It
sounds
crazy
to
talk
about
guilt-free
fur-unless
you
understand
that
the
nutria
are
destroying
vast
wetlands
every
year,”says
Cree
McCree,
project
director
of
Righteous
Fur.得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监Cree
McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。
29.
推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists
in
Louisiana
were
so
concerned
that
they
decided
to
pay
hunters
$5
a
tail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。
30.
词义猜测题。根据第五段The
fur
trade
kept
nutria
in
check
for
decades,
but
when
the
market
for
nutria
collapsed
in
the
late
1980s,the
cat-sized
animals
multiplied
like
crazy.
得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed
是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。
31.
推理判断题。根据第二段Model
Paige
Morgan
says,
“To
give
people
a
guilt
–free
option
that
they
can
wear
without
someone
throwing
paint
on
them-I
think
that’s
going
to
be
a
massive
thing,
at
least
in
New
York.
”
得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。
Passage
2
（2020·浙江卷.
A）
I
am
an
active
playgoer
and
play-reader,
and
perhaps
my
best
reason
for
editing
this
book
is
a
hope
of
sharing
my
enthusiasm
for
the
theater
with
others.
To
do
this
I
have
searched
through
dozens
of
plays
to
find
the
ones
that
I
think
best
show
the
power
and
purpose
of
the
short
play.
Each
play
has
a
theme
or
central
idea
which
the
playwright(剧作家)
hopes
to
get
across
through
dialogue
and
action.
A
few
characters
are
used
to
create
a
single
impression
growing
out
of
the
theme.
It
is
not
my
intention
to
point
out
the
central
theme
of
each
of
the
plays
in
this
collection,
for
that
would,
indeed,
ruin
the
pleasure
of
reading,
discussing,
and
thinking
about
the
plays
and
the
effectiveness
of
the
playwright.
However,
a
variety
of
types
is
represented
here.
These
include
comedy,
satire,
poignant
drama,
historical
and
regional
drama.
To
show
the
versatility(多面性)
of
the
short
play,
I
have
included
a
guidance
play,
a
radio
play
and
a
television
play.
Among
the
writers
of
the
plays
in
this
collection,
Paul
Green,
Susan
Glaspell,
Maxwell
Anderson,
Thornton
Wilder,
William
Saroyan,
and
Tennessee
Williams
have
all
received
Pulitzer
Prizes
for
their
contributions
to
the
theater.
More
information
about
the
playwrights
will
be
found
at
the
end
of
this
book.
To
get
the
most
out
of
reading
these
plays,
try
to
picture
the
play
on
stage,
with
you,
the
reader,
in
the
audience.
The
houselights
dim(变暗).
The
curtains
are
about
to
open,
and
in
a
few
minutes
the
action
and
dialogue
will
tell
you
the
story.
21.
What
do
we
know
about
the
author
from
the
first
paragraph?
A.
He
has
written
dozens
of
plays.
B.
He
has
a
deep
love
for
the
theater.
C.
He
is
a
professional
stage
actor.
D.
He
likes
reading
short
plays
to
others.
22.
What
does
the
author
avoid
doing
in
his
work?
A.
Stating
the
plays’
central
ideas.
B.
Selecting
works
by
famous
playwrights.
C.
Including
various
types
of
plays.
D.
Offering
information
on
the
playwrights.
23.
What
does
the
author
suggest
readers
do
while
reading
the
plays?
A.
Control
their
feelings.
B.
Apply
their
acting
skills.
C.
Use
their
imagination.
D.
Keep
their
audience
in
mind.
24.
What
is
this
text?
A.
A
short
story.
B.
An
introduction
to
a
book.
C.
A
play
review.
D.
An
advertisement
for
a
theater.
【答案】
21.
B
22.
A
23.
C
24.
B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者的书籍的序言部分，包括其编写目的，书籍内容主体，以及如何实现有乐趣的阅读本书的建议。
21.
细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“…and
perhaps
my
best
reason
for
editing
this
book
is
a
hope
of
sharing
my
enthusiasm
for
the
theater
with
others”可知，作者编辑这本书的最好的原因是希望与他人分享对戏剧的热情，因此可知作者对于戏剧饱含热情。故选B项。
22.
细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“It
is
not
my
intention
to
point
out
the
central
theme
of
each
of
the
plays
in
this
collection,
for
that
would,
indeed,
ruin
the
pleasure
of
reading,
discussing,
and
thinking
about
the
plays
and
the
effectiveness
of
the
playwright.”可知，作者并不想指出这本书中每一部戏剧的中心主题，因为那样确实会破坏阅读、讨论和思考戏剧以及剧作家的有效性的乐趣。A项“Stating
the
plays”central
ideas(陈述戏剧的中心思想)”与原文表达信息一致。故选A项。
23.
细节理解题。根据文章末尾段内容“To
get
the
most
out
of
the
reading
these
plays,
try
to
picture
the
play
on
stage,
with
you,
the
reader,
in
the
audience.”可知，作者建议读者试着想象戏剧在舞台上上演，不再是读者而是成为观众，才能实现最佳的阅读乐趣。C项“Use
their
imagination”与原文“try
to
picture
the
play
on
the
stage”表达信息一致。故选C项。
24.
推理判断题。根据文章首段内容“I
am
an
active
playgoer
and
play-reader,
and
perhaps
my
best
reason
for
editing
this
book
is
a
hope
of
sharing
my
enthusiasm
for
the
theater
with
others”可知，该句内容应是书籍的“自序”内容，且结合末尾“To
get
the
most
out
of
the
reading
these
plays,
try
to
picture
the
play
on
stage,
with
you,
the
reader,
in
the
audience.”可知，在讲述如何更好地实现阅读乐趣，再结合全文内容可推知，作者通过该文章介绍自己的一本书。故选B项。
Passage
3
（2020·新课标全国卷Ⅲ·D）
We
are
the
products
of
evolution,
and
not
just
evolution
that
occurred
billions
of
years
ago.
As
scientists
look
deeper
into
our
genes
(基因),
they
are
finding
examples
of
human
evolution
in
just
the
past
few
thousand
years.
People
in
Ethiopian
highlands
have
adapted
to
living
at
high
altitudes.
Cattle
-raising
people
in
East
Africa
and
northern
Europe
have
gained
a
mutation
(突变)
that
helps
them
digest
milk
as
adults.
On
Thursday
in
an
article
published
in
Cell,
a
team
of
researchers
reported
a
new
kind
of
adaptation
-
not
to
air
or
to
food,
but
to
the
ocean.
A
group
of
sea-dwelling
people
in
Southeast
Asia
have
evolved
into
better
divers.
The
Bajau,
as
these
people
are
known,
number
in
the
hundreds
of
thousands
in
Indonesia,
Malaysia
and
the
Philippines.
They
have
traditionally
lived
on
houseboats;
in
recent
times,
they’ve
also
built
houses
on
stilts
(支柱)
in
coastal
waters.
“They
are
simply
a
stranger
to
the
land,”
said
Redney
C.
Jubilado,
a
University
of
Hawaii
researcher
who
studies
the
Bajau.
Dr.
Jubilado
first
met
the
Bajau
while
growing
up
on
Samal
Island
in
the
Philippines.
They
made
a
living
as
divers,
spearfishing
or
harvesting
shellfish.
“We
were
so
amazed
that
they
could
stay
underwater
much
longer
than
us
local
islanders,”
Dr.
Jubilado
said.
“I
could
see
them
actually
walking
under
the
sea.”
In2015,
Melissa
Ilardo,
then
a
graduate
student
in
genetics
at
the
University
of
Copenhagen,
heard
about
the
Bajau.
She
wondered
if
centuries
of
diving
could
have
led
to
the
evolution
of
physical
characteristics
that
made
the
task
easier
for
them.
“it
seemed
like
the
perfect
chance
for
natural
selection
to
act
on
a
population,”
said
Dr.
Ilardo.
She
also
said
there
were
likely
a
number
of
other
genes
that
help
the
Bajau
dive.
32.
What
does
the
author
want
to
tell
us
by
the
examples
in
paragraph
1?
A.
Environmental
adaptation
of
cattle
raisers.
B.
New
knowledge
of
human
evolution.
C.
Recent
findings
of
human
origin.
D.
Significance
of
food
selection.
33.
Where
do
the
Bajau
build
their
houses?
A.
In
valleys.
B.
Near
rivers.
C.
On
the
beach.
D.
Off
the
coast.
34.
Why
was
the
young
Jubilado
astonished
at
the
Bajau?
A.
They
could
walk
on
stilts
all
day.
B.
They
had
a
superb
way
of
fishing.
C.
They
could
stay
long
underwater.
D.
They
lived
on
both
land
and
water.
35.
What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A.
Bodies
Remodeled
for
a
Life
at
Sea
B.
Highlanders’
Survival
Skills
C.
Basic
Methods
of
Genetic
Research
D.
The
World’s
Best
Divers
【答案】
32.
B
33.
D
34.
C
35.
A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活。
32.
推理判断题。根据第一段的we
are
the
products
of
evolution,
and
not
just
evolution
that
occurred
billions
of
years
ago.
As
scientists
look
deeper
into
our
genes,
they
are
finding
examples
of
human
evolution
in
just
the
past
few
thousand
years.(我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物。当科学家更深入的研究我们的基因时，他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子)可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B.
New
knowledge
of
human
evolution.(人类进化的新知识)符合以上说法，故选B项。
33.
细节理解题。根据第二段的The
Bajau,
as
these
people
are
known,
number
in
hundreds
of
thousands
in
Indonesia,
Malaysia
and
the
Philippines.
They
have
traditionally
live
on
houseboats;
in
recent
times,
they've
also
built
houses
on
stilts
in
coastal
waters.(这些人被称为Bajau，在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数十万人。他们一直住在船屋上；最近他们也把房子建在沿海水域的吊脚楼上)可知，Bajau把房子建在沿海区域。D.
Off
the
coast.(沿海)符合以上说法，故选D项。
34.
细节理解题。根据第三段的we
were
so
amazed
that
they
could
stay
underwater
much
longer
than
us
local
islanders.(我们很惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的多)可知，让Jubilado感到吃惊的是Bajau人能在水下待更长的时间。C.
They
could
stay
long
underwater.
(他们能在水下待很长时间)符合以上说法，故选C项。
35.
主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的On
Thursday
in
an
article
published
in
Cell,
a
team
of
researchers
reported
a
new
kind
of
adaption-not
to
air
or
to
food,
but
to
the
ocean.(周四，在《细胞》杂志上发表的一篇文章中，一群研究人员报道了一种新的适应——不是空气也不是食物，而是海洋)可知，本文主要讲述了一种新的进化，即长期生活在海边，靠海为生的生活方式，让Bajau人的身体进化成更适应海洋生活。A.
Bodies
Remodeled
for
a
Life
at
Sea.(身体为适应海洋生活而重塑)可以作为本文标题，故选A项。
Passage
4
（2020·江苏卷D）
I
was
in
the
middle
of
the
Amazon
(亚马逊)
with
my
wife,
who
was
there
as
a
medical
researcher.
We
flew
on
a
small
plane
to
a
faraway
village.
We
did
not
speak
the
local
language,
did
not
know
the
customs,
and
more
often
than
not,
did
not
entirely
recognize
the
food.
We
could
not
have
felt
more
foreign.
We
were
raised
on
books
and
computers,
highways
and
cell
phones,
but
now
we
were
living
in
a
village
without
running
water
or
electricity
It
was
easy
for
us
to
go
to
sleep
at
the
end
of
the
day
feeling
a
little
misunderstood.
Then
one
perfect
Amazonian
evening,
with
monkeys
calling
from
beyond
the
village
green,
we
played
soccer.
I
am
not
good
at
soccer,
but
that
evening
it
was
wonderful.
Everyone
knew
the
rules.
We
all
spoke
the
same
language
of
passes
and
shots.
We
understood
one
another
perfectly.
As
darkness
came
over
the
field
and
the
match
ended,
the
goal
keeper,
Juan,
walked
over
to
me
and
said
in
a
matter-of-fact
way,
“In
your
home,
do
you
have
a
moon
too?”
I
was
surprised.
After
I
explained
to
Juan
that
yes,
we
did
have
a
moon
and
yes,
it
was
very
similar
to
his,
I
felt
a
sort
of
awe
(敬畏)
at
the
possibilities
that
existed
in
his
world.
In
Juan’s
world,
each
village
could
have
its
own
moon.
In
Juan’s
world.
the
unknown
and
undiscovered
was
vast
and
marvelous.
Anything
was
possible.
In
our
society,
we
know
that
Earth
has
only
one
moon.
We
have
looked
at
our
planet
from
every
angle
and
found
all
of
the
wildest
things
left
to
find.
I
can,
from
my
computer
at
home,
pull
up
satellite
images
of
Juan’s
village.
There
are
no
more
continents
and
no
more
moons
to
search
for,
little
left
to
discover.
At
least
it
seems
that
way.
Yet,
as
I
thought
about
Juan’s
question,
I
was
not
sure
how
much
more
we
could
really
rule
out.
I
am,
in
part,
an
ant
biologist,
so
my
thoughts
turned
to
what
we
know
about
insect
life
and
I
knew
that
much
in
the
world
of
insects
remains
unknown.
How
much,
though?
How
ignorant
(无知的)
are
we?
The
question
of
what
we
know
and
do
not
know
constantly
bothered
me.
I
began
collecting
newspaper
articles
about
new
species,
new
monkey,
new
spider…,
and
on
and
on
they
appear.
My
drawer
quickly
filled.
I
began
a
second
drawer
for
more
general
discoveries:
new
cave
system
discovered
with
dozens
of
nameless
species,
four
hundred
species
of
bacteria
found
in
the
human
stomach.
The
second
drawer
began
to
fill
and
as
it
did
I
wondered
whether
there
were
bigger
discoveries
out
there,
not
just
species,
but
life
that
depends
on
things
thought
to
be
useless,
life
even
without
DNA.
I
started
a
third
drawer
for
these
big
discoveries.
It
fills
more
slowly,
but
all
the
same,
it
fills.
In
looking
into
the
stories
of
biological
discovery,
I
also
began
to
find
something
else,
a
collection
of
scientists,
usually
brilliant
occasionally
half-mad,
who
made
the
discoveries.
Those
scientists
very
often
see
the
same
things
that
other
scientists
see,
but
they
pay
more
attention
to
them,
and
they
focus
on
them
to
the
point
of
exhaustion
(穷尽),
and
at
the
risk
of
the
ridicule
of
their
peers.
In
looking
for
the
stories
of
discovery,
I
found
the
stories
of
these
people
and
how
their
lives
changed
our
view
of
the
world.
We
are
repeatedly
willing
to
imagine
we
have
found
most
of
what
is
left
to
discover.
We
used
to
think
that
insects
were
the
smallest
organisms
(生物),
and
that
nothing
lived
deeper
than
six
hundred
meters.
Yet,
when
something
new
turns
up,
more
often
than
not,
we
do
not
even
know
its
name.
65.
How
did
the
author
feel
on
his
arrival
in
the
Amazon?
A.
Out
of
place.
B.
Full
of
joy.
C.
Sleepy.
D.
Regretful.
66.
What
made
that
Amazonian
evening
wonderful?
A.
He
learned
more
about
the
local
language.
B.
They
had
a
nice
conversation
with
each
other.
C.
They
understood
each
other
while
playing.
D.
He
won
the
soccer
game
with
the
goal
keeper.
67.
Why
was
the
author
surprised
at
Juan’s
question
about
the
moon?
A.
The
question
was
too
straightforward.
B.
Juan
knew
so
little
about
the
world.
C.
The
author
didn’t
know
how
to
answer.
D.
The
author
didn’t
think
Juan
was
sincere.
68.
What
was
the
author’s
initial
purpose
of
collecting
newspaper
articles?
A.
To
sort
out
what
we
have
known.
B.
To
deepen
his
research
into
Amazonians.
C.
To
improve
his
reputation
as
a
biologist.
D.
To
learn
more
about
local
cultures.
69.
How
did
those
brilliant
scientists
make
great
discoveries?
A.
They
shifted
their
viewpoints
frequently.
B.
They
followed
other
scientists
closely.
C.
They
often
criticized
their
fellow
scientists.
D.
They
conducted
in-depth
and
close
studies.
70.
What
could
be
the
most
suitable
title
for
the
passage?
A.
The
Possible
and
the
Impossible
.
B.
The
Known
and
the
Unknown
.
C.
The
Civilized
and
the
Uncivilized
.
D.
The
Ignorant
and
the
Intelligent.
【答案】
65.
A
66.
C
67.
B
68.
A
69.
D
70.
B
【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和妻子来到了亚马逊，妻子是一名医学研究者。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在生物多样性发现的过程中，作者意识到，很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。
65.
推理判断题。根据第一段“We
didn’t
speak
the
local
language,
did
not
know
the
customs
and
more
often
than
not,
didn’t
entirely
recognize
the
food.
We
couldn’t
have
felt
more
foreign.”可知，我们不会说当地的语言，不了解当地的风俗习惯，而且往往我们不能完全认识食物，我们感觉非常陌生。由此可知，作者一到达亚马逊感觉格格不入。故选A项。
66.
细节理解题。根据第三段“Everyone
knew
the
rules.
We
all
spoke
the
same
language
of
passes
and
shots.
We
understood
one
another
perfectly.”可知，每个人都知道规则，在传球和射门方面，我们说着同样的语言，彼此非常了解。由此可知，踢球时他们的彼此理解使得他们的亚马逊夜晚很美好。故选C项。
67.
推理判断题。根据第四段“In
Juan’s
world,
the
unknown
and
undiscovered
was
vast
and
marvelous.”可知，在胡安的世界里，未知的东西和未被发现的东西是浩瀚而神奇的。由此判断，胡安对这个世界知之甚少。故选B项。
68.
推理判断题。根据第七段“I
began
collecting
newspaper
articles
about
new
species,
new
spider...,and
on
and
on
they
appear,
my
drawer
quickly
filled,
I
began
a
second
drawer
for
more
general
discoveries:
new
cave
system
discovered
with
dozens
of
nameless
species
...I
started
a
third
drawer
for
these
big
discoveries.”可知，我开始收集报纸上关于新物种、新蜘蛛的文章……它们源源不断地出现，我的抽屉很快就填满了。我开始用第二个抽屉来储存更普遍的发现:在新的洞穴系统发现了几十个无名的物种……我还为这些重大发现准备了第三个抽屉。由此判断，作者收集报纸文章的初始目的是为了分类我们所知道的事情。故选A项。
69.
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“but
they
pay
more
attention
to
them
,and
they
focus
on
them
to
the
point
of
exhaustion
,and
at
the
risk
of
the
ridicule
of
their
peers.”可知，但他们更多地关注这些发现，他们把注意力集中在这些发现上直到精疲力竭的地步，冒着被同龄人嘲笑的风险。由此可知，杰出的科学家进行深入细致的研究，做出重大的发现。故选D项。
70.
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者和妻子来到了亚马逊。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解到一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在对这里的风土人情和多样化生物的研究过程中，作者提高了认识，意识到很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。所以短文的最佳标题为“已知和未知的事物”。故选B项。
。
Passage
5
（2020·天津A）
Your
student
ID
card
identifies
you
as
a
student
at
the
University
of
Bolton.
It
will
provide
you
with
access
to
University
facilities
such
as
University
Libraries,
Sports
Centre,
and
Computing
Services.
Please
carry
your
card
with
you
at
all
times.
Do
not
lose
your
card
or
lend
it
to
others.
Your
card
is
valid
during
the
whole
time
of
your
studies.
It
remains
the
property（财产）of
the
University
of
Bolton
at
all
times.
New
students—photographs
You
will
be
requested
to
upload
a
passport
sized
photograph
as
part
of
the
online
registration
process.
This
should
be
a
jpg
file
with
a
size
of
no
more
than
1
MB.
Your
photograph
should
be
a
portrait
image
in
proportion（比例）to
a
6"×4"
portrait
photograph.
It
should
be
taken
in
colour
and
must
not
have
been
beautified
with
image
filters（滤光镜）.
Your
student
ID
card
will
be
provided
to
you
by
your
department
during
Welcome
Week.
Please
be
aware
that
you
will
not
receive
this
smart
card
during
Welcome
Week
if
you
do
not
upload
your
image
online
by
4
September
2020.
Replacement
cards
If
your
student
ID
card
no
longer
works
or
has
been
damaged,
or
if
you
have
changed
your
personal
or
programme
details,
you
should
call
into
the
Student
Administration
Centre
（SAC）
to
request
a
new
one.
Please
ensure
that
you
bring
your
existing
card
with
you.
Your
replacement
card
will
be
produced
free
of
charge.
If
your
card
has
been
reported
to
the
Police
as
stolen,
please
also
call
into
the
SAC
to
request
a
replacement,
bringing
with
you
a
copy
of
your
Police
Crime
Report
paperwork.
Your
card
will
be
produced
free
of
charge.
If
your
card
has
been
lost,
a
fee
of
￡5
is
charged
for
the
production
of
a
replacement
card.
You
are
requested
to
use
our
online
payment
service.
Note:
Replacement
cards
will
be
available
for
you
to
collect
seven
working
days
after
making
the
request.
As
a
security
measure,
you
are
requested
to
collect
your
card
in
person
at
the
SAC.
36.
Which
of
the
following
is
a
function
of
the
student
ID
card?
A.
To
remind
students
to
protect
public
property.
B.
To
enable
students
to
use
resources
in
the
library.
C.
To
help
students
demonstrate
their
computer
skills.
D.
To
provide
information
about
campus
facilities.
37.
To
meet
the
requirements
of
the
photograph
on
the
student
ID
card,
a
new
student
should
upload__________.
A.
an
image
saved
as
a
PDF
file.
B.
a
colour
picture
of
their
passport.
C.
a
photo
beautified
by
a
photographer.
D.
a
portrait
photograph
of
proper
proportion.
38.
In
which
case
does
a
student
have
to
pay
for
the
replacement
of
the
student
ID
card?
A.
The
theft
of
the
card
has
been
officially
proved.
B.
The
card
holder
has
changed
his
or
her
major.
C.
The
card
dropped
off
into
a
lake
by
accident.
D.
The
card
fails
to
work
properly.
39.
To
collect
your
replacement
card,
you
should___________.
A.
fetch
it
at
the
SAC
personally
B.
go
through
a
security
check
first
C.
call
the
police
station
in
advance
D.
wait
for
seven
days
before
getting
it.
【答案】
36.
B
37.
D
38.
C
39.
A
【解析】
本文是说明文。Bolton大学介绍了学生证的作用，办理和使用学生证过程中需要注意的问题和处理办法。
36.
细节理解题。根据第一段“Your
student
ID
card
identifies
you
as
a
student
at?the?University
of
Bolton.
It
will
provide
you
with
access
to
University
facilities
such
as
University
Libraries,?Sports
Centre,?and
Computing
Services.”可知，学生证表明你是Bolton大学的学生。它将为您提供访问大学设施，如大学图书馆、体育中心和计算服务的机会。即学生证可以让学生使用图书馆的资源。故选B。
37.
细节理解题。根据New
students-photographs部分的“This
should
be
a
jpg
file
with
a
size
of
no
more
than
1
MB.
Your
photograph
should
be
a
portrait
image?inproportion(比例)to
a
"6×4"
portrait
photograph.”学校对学生证照片大小、比例的要求，可知新生需要上传适当比例的肖像照片，故选D。
38.
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“If
your
card
has
been
lost,?a
fee
of
￡5
is
charged
for?the?production
of
a
replacement
card.”可知如果学生证丢失，补新卡需要支付5英镑的费用。由此判断出，选项C：卡片不小心掉到湖里去了，属于丢失，应该支付补卡费用。故选C。
39.
细节理解题。根据最后一句“As
a
security
measure,?you
are
requested
to
collect
your
card?in?person
at?the?SAC.”可知为了安全起见，应该亲自去SAC领取学生证。故选A。
Passage
6
（2020·浙江B）
The
traffic
signals
along
Factoria
Boulevard
in
Bellevue,
Washington,
generally
don't
flash
the
same
length
of
green
twice
in
a
row,
especially
at
rush
hour.
At
9:30am,
the
full
red/yellow/green
signal
cycle
might
be
140
seconds.
By
9:33am,
a
burst
of
additional
traffic
might
push
it
to
145
seconds.
Less
traffic
at
9:37am
could
push
it
down
to
135.
Just
like
the
traffic
itself,
the
timing
of
the
signals
changes.
That
is
by
design.
Bellevue,
a
fast-growing
city
just
east
of
Seattle,
uses
a
system
that
is
gaining
popularity
around
the
US:
intersection(十字路口)
signals
that
can
adjust
in
real
time
to
traffic
conditions.
These
lights,
known
as
adaptive
signals,
have
led
to
significant
declines
in
both
the
trouble
and
cost
of
travels
between
work
and
home.
“Adaptive
signals
can
make
sure
that
the
traffic
demand
that
is
there
is
being
addressed,
”
says
Alex
Stevanovic,
a
researcher
at
Florida
Atlantic
University.
For
all
of
Bellevue’s
success,
adaptive
signals
are
not
a
cure-all
for
jammed
roadways.
Kevin
Balke,
a
research
engineer
at
the
Texas
A&M
University
Transportation
Institute,
says
that
while
smart
lights
can
be
particularly
beneficial
for
some
cities,
others
are
so
jammed
that
only
a
sharp
reduction
in
the
number
of
cars
on
the
road
will
make
a
meaningful
difference.
“It’s
not
going
to
fix
everything,
but
adaptive
signals
have
some
benefits
for
smaller
cities,”
he
says.
In
Bellevue,
the
switch
to
adaptive
signals
has
been
a
lesson
in
the
value
of
welcoming
new
approaches.
In
the
past,
there
was
often
an
automatic
reaction
to
increased
traffic:
just
widen
the
roads,
says
Mark
Poch,
the
Bellevue
Transportation
Department’s
traffic
engineering
manager.
Now
he
hopes
that
other
cities
will
consider
making
their
streets
run
smarter
instead
of
just
making
them
bigger.
25.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“that”
in
paragraph
2
refer
to?
A.
Increased
length
of
green
lights.
B.
Shortened
traffic
signal
cycle.
C.
Flexible
timing
of
traffic
signals.
D.
Smooth
traffic
flow
on
the
road.
26.
What
does
Kevin
Balke
say
about
adaptive
signals?
A.
They
work
better
on
broad
roads.
B.
They
should
be
used
in
other
cities.
C.
They
have
greatly
reduced
traffic
on
the
road.
D.
They
are
less
helpful
in
cities
seriously
jammed.
27.
What
can
we
learn
from
Bellevue’s
success?
A.
It
is
rewarding
to
try
new
things.
B.
The
old
methods
still
work
today.
C.
I
pays
to
put
theory
into
practice.
D.
The
simplest
way
is
the
best
way.
【答案】
25.
C
26.
D
27.
A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。美国华盛顿州的Bellevue采用了能随交通状况而调节交通灯时间的适应性信号灯，大大缓解了交通压力，也表明人们对于交通阻塞问题不再只是拓宽道路，而是能够采用新方法。
25.
指代猜测题。That位于第二段句首，应是指代第一段的内容。根据第一段内容尤其是第一段最后一句“Just
like
the
traffic
itself,
the
timing
of
the
signals
changes.(就像交通本身一样，信号灯的时间也会变化)”可知，第一段主要讲述的是信号灯的时间会灵活变化；“That
is
by
design.”意为“那是有意为之”，由此可推知，That指代第一段中“信号灯的灵活时间”。故选C项。
26.
推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中“adaptive
signals
are
not
a
cure-all
for
jammed
roadways(但自适应信号并不是解决拥堵道路的万能药)”及第二句中“others
are
so
jammed
that
only
a
sharp
reduction
in
the
number
of
cars
on
the
road
will
make
a
meaningful
difference(其他城市交通堵塞如此严重，只有减少道路上的车辆才能起有意义的作用)
”可推知，Kevin
Balke认为适应性信号灯对于交通堵塞很严重的城市没有太大帮助。故选D项。
27.
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“These
lights,
known
as
adaptive
signals,
have
led
to
significant
declines
in
both
the
trouble
and
cost
of
travels
between
work
and
home.(这些灯，被称为适应性信号灯，已经大大减少了通勤的麻烦和花费)”最后一段第一句“In
Bellevue,
the
switch
to
adaptive
signals
has
been
a
lesson
in
the
value
of
welcoming
new
approaches.(在Bellevue，对适应性信号灯的转变是一个在欢迎新方法的价值方面的榜样)”可推知，从Bellevue的成功中可以得出，尝试新事物是值得的。故选A项。
Passage
7
（2020·全国新高考B）
Jenifer
Mauer
has
needed
more
willpower
than
the
typical
college
student
to
pursue
her
goal
of
earning
a
nursing
degree.
That
willpower
bore
fruit
when
Jennifer
graduated
from
University
of
Wisconsin-Eau
Claire
and
became
the
first
in
her
large
family
to
earn
a
bachelor's
degree.
Mauer,
of
Edgar,
Wisconsin,
grew
up
on
a
farm
in
a
family
of
10
children.
Her
dad
worked
at
a
job
away
from
the
farm,
and
her
mother
ran
the
farm
with
the
kids.
After
high
school,
Jennifer
attended
a
local
technical
college,
working
to
pay
her
tuition(学费),
because
there
was
no
extra
money
set
aside
for
a
college
education.
After
graduation,
she
worked
to
help
her
sisters
and
brothers
pay
for
their
schooling.
Jennifer
now
is
married
and
has
three
children
of
her
own.
She
decided
to
go
back
to
college
to
advance
her
career
and
to
be
able
to
better
support
her
family
while
doing
something
she
loves:
nursing.
She
chose
the
UW-Eau
Claire
program
at
Ministry
Saint
Joseph's
Hospital
in
Marshfield
because
she
was
able
to
pursue
her
four-year
degree
close
to
home.
She
could
drive
to
class
and
be
home
in
the
evening
to
help
with
her
kids.
Jenifer
received
great
support
from
her
family
as
she
worked
to
earn
her
degree:
Her
husband
worked
two
jobs
to
cover
the
bills,
and
her
68-year-old
mother
helped
take
care
of
the
children
at
times.
Through
it
all,
she
remained
in
good
academic
standing
and
graduated
with
honors.
Jennifer
sacrificed(牺牲)to
achieve
her
goal,
giving
up
many
nights
with
her
kids
and
missing
important
events
to
study.
''Some
nights
my
heart
was
breaking
to
have
to
pick
between
my
kids
and
studying
for
exams
or
papers,''
she
says.
However,
her
children
have
learned
an
important
lesson
witnessing
their
mother
earn
her
degree.
Jennifer
is
a
first-generation
graduate
and
an
inspiration
to
her
family-and
that's
pretty
powerful.
4.
What
did
Jennifer
do
after
high
school?
A.
She
helped
her
dad
with
his
work.
B.
She
ran
the
family
farm
on
her
own.
C.
She
supported
herself
through
college.
D.
She
taught
her
sisters
and
brothers
at
home.
5.
Why
did
Jennifer
choose
the
program
at
Ministry
Saint
Joseph's
Hospital
in
Marshfield?
A.
To
take
care
of
her
kids
easily.
B.
To
learn
from
the
best
nurses.
C.
To
save
money
for
her
parents.
D.
To
find
a
well-paid
job
there.
6.
What
did
Jennifer
sacrifice
to
achieve
her
goal?
A.
Her
health.
B.
Her
time
with
family.
C.
Her
reputation.
D.
Her
chance
of
promotion.
7.
What
can
we
learn
from
Jenifer's
story?
A.
Time
is
money.
B.
Love
breaks
down
barriers.
C.
Hard
work
pays
off.
D.
Education
is
the
key
to
success.
【答案】
4.
C
5.
A
6.
B
7.
C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。
4.
细节理解题。根据第二段的After
high
school,
Jennifer
attended
a
local
technical
college,
working
to
pay
her
tuition,
because
there
was
no
extra
money
set
aside
for
a
college
education.(高中毕业后，Jennifer上了一所当地的技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育)可知，高中毕业后Jennifer通过自己挣钱来完成大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。C.
She
supported
herself
through
college.(她自食其力读完了大学)符合以上说法，故选C项。
5.
细节理解题。根据第三段的She
chose
the
UW-Eau
Claire
program
at
Misnistry
Saint
Joseph’s
Hospital
in
Marshfield
because
she
was
able
to
pursue
her
four-year
degree
close
to
home.
She
could
drive
to
class
and
be
home
in
the
evening
to
help
with
her
kids.(她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau
Claire项目，因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子)可知，Jennifer选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau
Claire项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。A.
To
take
care
of
her
kids
easily.(为了方便照顾她的孩子)符合以上说法，故选A项。
6.
细节理解题。根据最后一段的Jennifer
sacrificed
to
achieve
her
goal,
giving
up
many
nights
with
her
kids
and
missing
important
events
to
study.(Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待在一起的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动)可知，为了实现自己的目标Jennifer放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。B.
Her
time
with
family.(她与家人的时光)符合以上说法，故选B项。
7.
推理判断题。根据最后一段的Through
it
all,
she
remind
in
good
academic
standing
and
graduated
with
honors.(虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业)和However,
her
children
have
learned
an
important
lesson
witnessing
their
mother
earn
her
degree.
Jennifer
is
a
first-generation
graduate
and
an
inspiration
to
her
family-and
that’s
the
pretty
powerful.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励--这是非常强大的。)可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到:努力总会有回报。C.
Hard
work
pays
off.(努力会得到回报)符合以上说法，故选C项。
题组二
名校模拟
1.河南省实验中学2019届高考全真模拟
最后一卷
科普类
Solar
energy
systems
&
power
plants
do
not
produce
air
pollution,
water
pollution,
or
greenhouse
gases.
Using
solar
energy
can
have
a
positive,
indirect
effect
on
the
environment,
when
solar
energy
replaces
or
reduces
the
use
of
other
energy
sources
that
have
larger
effects
on
the
environment.
However,
some
poisonous
materials
and
chemicals
are
used
to
make
the
photovoltaic
(
光电池的)
cells
that
convert
sunlight
into
electricity.
Some
solar
thermal
(保热的)
systems
use
potentially
hazardous
liquids
to
transfer
heat.
Leaks
of
these
materials
could
be
harmful
to
the
environment.
U.
S.
environmental
laws
regulate
the
use
and
settlement
of
these
types
of
materials.
As
with
any
type
of
power
plant,
large
solar
power
plants
can
affect
the
environment
near
their
locations.
The
placement
of
the
power
plant
may
have
long-term
effects
on
the
habitats
of
native
plants
and
animals.
Some
solar
power
plants
may
require
water
for
cleaning
solar
collectors
and
concentrators
or
for
cooling
turbine
generators.
Using
large
volumes
of
ground
water
or
surface
water
in
some
dry
locations
may
affect
the
ecosystems
that
depend
on
these
water
resources.
In
addition,
the
beam
of
concentrated
sunlight
a
solar
power
tower
creates
can
kill
birds
and
insects
that
fly
into
the
beam.
The
amount
of
solar
energy
that
the
earth
receives
each
day
is
many
times
greater
than
the
total
amount
of
all
energy
that
people
consume
each
day.
However,
on
the
surface
of
the
earth,
solar
energy
is
a
variable
and
irregular
energy
source.
The
amount
of
sunlight
and
the
intensity
of
sunlight
varies
by
time
of
day
and
location.
Weather
and
climate
conditions
affect
the
availability
of
sunlight
daily
and
on
a
seasonal
basis.
The
type
and
size
of
a
solar
energy
collection
and
conversion
system
determines
how
much
of
the
available
solar
energy
we
can
convert
into
useful
energy.
1.
Which
of
the
following
best
explains
"hazardous"
underlined
in
paragraph
2?
A.
inexpensive
B.
dangerous
C.
ineffective
D.
abnormal
2.
What
influence
can
large
solar
power
plants
have
on
the
locations?
A.
Polluting
the
ground
water.
B.
Protecting
the
habitats
of
plants
and
animals.
C.
Damaging
the
local
natural
balance.
D.
Attracting
birds
and
insects
to
the
area.
3.
What
does
the
last
paragraph
mainly
tell
us?
A.
Different
areas
receive
different
amount
of
solar
energy.
B.
How
to
convert
solar
energy
into
useful
energy.
C.
The
relationship
between
solar
energy
collection
and
the
sunlight.
D.
Some
factors
that
influence
the
amount
of
solar
energy
collection.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了太阳能发电的潜在弊端以及影响太阳能收集量的几个因素。
1.B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“However,
some
poisonous
materials
and
chemicals
are
used
to
make
the
photovoltaic
(
光电池的)
cells
that
convert
sunlight
into
electricity.”可知，然而，一些有毒的材料和化学物质被用来制造将阳光转化为电能的光伏电池，一些太阳能保温系统使用潜在危险的液体来传递热量，由此可知画线词词义为“危险的”，故B项正确。
2.
C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The
placement
of
the
power
plant
may
have
long-term
effects
on
the
habitats
of
native
plants
and
animals.”可知，大型太阳能发电厂的选址可能会对当地动植物的栖息地产生长期的影响，也就是会破坏当地自然平衡，故C项正确。
3.D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“However,
on
the
surface
of
the
earth,
solar
energy
is
a
variable
and
irregular
energy
source.
The
amount
of
sunlight
and
the
intensity
of
sunlight
varies
by
time
of
day
and
location.
Weather
and
climate
conditions
affect
the
availability
of
sunlight
daily
and
on
a
seasonal
basis.”可知，在地球表面，太阳能是一种可变的和不规则的能源，阳光的数量和强度随着一天的时间和地点而变化，天气和气候条件影响每日和季节性的阳光供应，由此可知，本段主要介绍的是影响太阳能收集量的几个因素，故D项正确。
2.山东省潍坊市2019届高三上学期期中考试
说明文
Digital
grounding
is
when
parents
or
caregivers
limit
or
completely
take
away
access
to
technology
from
children.
According
to
a
study
conducted
by
Pew
Research，65％of
parents
have
digitally
grounded
their
teen
by
taking
away
their
teen’s
cellphone
or
internet
access
as
punishment.
Because
children
are
so
connected
with
their
technologies,
digital
grounding
may
seem
like
a
logical
step
for
parents.
Take
away
a
child’s
most
cherished
item
and
they
will
quickly
learn
from
their
behavior.
But
the
idea
of
digital
grounding
isn’t
as
clear—cut
as
that.
Instead,
it
may
be
a
lose-lose
situation
for
parents
and
kids,
alike.
For
most
parents,
the
goal
of
grounding
isn’t
to
make
their
children
unhappy
or
sad.
It
is
to
teach
a
lesson
in
the
hope
that
they
won’t
engage
in
whatever
behavior
got
them
in
trouble
in
the
first
place.
Unfortunately,
though,
digital
grounding
is
often
just
punishment,
not
discipline.
If
a
child
stays
out
past
curfew(约定的最晚回家时间),
a
punishment
would
be
hitting
or
yelling
at
them.
Discipline
would
be
not
letting
them
go
out
the
next
weekend
because
they
failed
to
follow
rules.
We’ve
all
been
there—we’ve
caught
our
child
doing
something
wrong
and
in
the
heat
of
the
moment
laid
out
a
strict
punishment.
We
may
have
been
feeling
hot—headed,
embarrassed,
or
upset.
Often,
though,
these
punishments
don’t
align
with
the
bad
behavior.
While
digital
grounding
may
solve
the
problem
temporarily,
it
won’t
provide
children
with
the
guidance
they
need
to
act
appropriately
in
the
future.
Instead
of
grounding,
show
your
child
what
they
did
wrong
and
give
them
the
chance
to
act
differently.
This
way,
they
will
learn
from
their
mistakes
in
a
practical
manner
and
figure
out
ways
to
be
safe
and
smart
with
technology.
There’s
no
denying
it：technology
is
here
for
the
long-haul.
This
is
why
some
parenting
experts
don’t
recommend
digitally
grounding
your
children.
It
doesn’t
focus
on
the
end
goal
of
safe
behavior.
They
recommend
teaching
them
good
habits
as
soon
as
possible,
rather
than
taking
away
their
technology.
By
digitally
grounding
them,
you
are
putting
a
bandage
over
the
wound,
rather
than
treating
it.
Now,
when
we
say
that
digital
grounding
is
a
lose-lose
situation,
we’re
not
saying
that
disciplining
your
children
in
general
is
a
lose—lose
situation.
Discipline
is
a
great
way
to
teach
children
lessons,
when
used
appropriately.
1.
Which
of
the
following
is
a
form
of
discipline?
A.
Hitting
or
yelling
at
children.
B.
Laying
out
a
strict
punishment
in
the
heat
of
the
moment.
C.
Taking
away
access
to
cellphones
from
children
completely.
D.
Forbidding
kids
to
go
out
the
next
weekend
if
they
stay
out
past
curfew.
2.
What
does
the
author
think
of
digital
grounding?
A.
It
benefits
children
greatly.
B.
It
is
no
better
than
disciplining.
C.
Parents
can
use
it
to
correct
kids’behavior.
D.
Neither
parents
nor
children
gain
benefits
from
it.
3.
What
does
the
author
suggest
parents
do
instead
of
grounding?
A.
Give
kids
more
free
time.
B.
Act
appropriately
in
public.
C.
Help
kids
form
good
habits.
D.
Put
a
bandage
over
the
wound.
4.
What’s
the
purpose
of
the
text?
A.
To
inform
us
of
ways
of
punishing
kids.
B.
To
explain
what
digital
grounding
means.
C.
To
show
how
to
parent
children
in
digital
times.
D.
To
prove
digital
grounding
is
not
a
good
parenting
way.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。介绍了“数码囚禁”并不是教养孩子的好方法。
1.D
【解析】细节理解题。由第三段“
a
child
stays
out
past
curfew(约定的最晚回家时间),
a
punishment
would
be
hitting
or
yelling
at
them.
Discipline
would
be
not
letting
them
go
out
the
next
weekend
because
they
failed
to
follow
rules.
”可知，一个孩子超过约定的最晚回家时间，惩罚就是打他们或对他们大喊大叫。纪律不会让他们下周末出去，因为他们没有遵守规则。故D选项正确。
2.D
【解析】细节理解题。由第二段“Instead,
it
may
be
a
lose-lose
situation
for
parents
and
kids,
alike.
”可知，相反，这对父母和孩子来说可能是一种两败俱伤的局面。故D选项正确。
3.C
【解析】推理判断题。由倒数第二段“They
recommend
teaching
them
good
habits
as
soon
as
possible，rather
than
taking
away
their
technology”可知，他们建议尽快教他们好习惯，而不是拿走他们的科技。故C选项正确。
4.D
【解析】推理判断题。由第二段“Instead,
it
may
be
a
lose-lose
situation
for
parents
and
kids,
alike.
”第三段“For
most
parents,
the
goal
of
grounding
isn’t
to
make
their
children
unhappy
or
sad.
第五段“while
digital
grounding
may
solve
the
problem
temporarily
it
won’t
provide
children
with
the
guidance
they
need
to
act
appropriately
in
the
future.
”第六段“This
is
why
some
parenting
experts
don’t
recommend
digitally
grounding
your
children”可知，“数码囚禁”并不是教养孩子的好方法。故D选项正确。
3.江西省名校（临川一中、南昌二
