解密16
阅读理解之主旨大意题
主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一，
旨在考查考生对文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。此类题数量较大，在15个题中约占2-3个。
◆主旨大意题的分类
1.
从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种
①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段。
②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻
找或总结。
2.
考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种
①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；
②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的；
③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。
◆设问特点：
1.
考查全文主旨或段落大意。
2.
正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。
3.
错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。
4.
常以main
idea,
best
idea,
subject,
mainly
discuss
等词提问。
◆常考问题：
1.
中心思想类
The
main
point
/idea
of
the
passage
is…
The
passage
is
mainly
about…
The
passage
mainly
discusses…
The
last
but
one
paragraph
is
chiefly
concerned
with…?
Which
of
the
following
statements
best
expresses
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
2.
标题类
Which
of
the
following
is
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
The
best
title
for
the
passage
would
be
…
3.
目的类
The
author’s
main
purpose
in
writing
the
passage
is
to
…
The
passage
is
meant
to
….
In
writing
this
passage,
the
author
mainly
intends
to…
【名师指导】
文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：
1.
中心主题句出现在文首
开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。
新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。
2.
主题句出现在文尾
在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。
（2020年全国Ⅰ卷
B）
The
connection
between
people
and
plants
has
long
been
the
subject
of
scientific
research.
Recent
studies
have
found
positive
effects.
A
study
conducted
in
Youngstown，Ohio，for
example,
discovered
that
greener
areas
of
the
city
experienced
less
crime.
In
another，employees
were
shown
to
be
15%
more
productive
when
their
workplaces
were
decorated
with
houseplants.
The
engineers
at
the
Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology(MIT)have
taken
it
a
step
further
changing
the
actual
composition
of
plants
in
order
to
get
them
to
perform
diverse，even
unusual
functions.
These
include
plants
that
have
sensors
printed
onto
their
leaves
to
show
when
they’re
short
of
water
and
a
plant
that
can
detect
harmful
chemicals
in
groundwater.
＂We’re
thinking
about
how
we
can
engineer
plants
to
replace
functions
of
the
things
that
we
use
every
day,＂explained
Michael
Strano,
a
professor
of
chemical
engineering
at
MIT.
One
of
his
latest
projects
has
been
to
make
plants
glow(发光)in
experiments
using
some
common
vegetables.
Strano’s
team
found
that
they
could
create
a
faint
light
for
three-and-a-half
hours.
The
light，about
one-thousandth
of
the
amount
needed
to
read
by，is
just
a
start.
The
technology,
Strano
said,
could
one
day
be
used
to
light
the
rooms
or
even
to
turn
trees
into
self-powered
street
lamps.
In
the
future，the
team
hopes
to
develop
a
version
of
the
technology
that
can
be
sprayed
onto
plant
leaves
in
a
one-off
treatment
that
would
last
the
plant’s
lifetime.
The
engineers
are
also
trying
to
develop
an
on
and
off＂switch＂where
the
glow
would
fade
when
exposed
to
daylight.
Lighting
accounts
for
about
7%
of
the
total
electricity
consumed
in
the
US.
Since
lighting
is
often
far
removed
from
the
power
source(电源)-such
as
the
distance
from
a
power
plant
to
street
lamps
on
a
remote
highway-a
lot
of
energy
is
lost
during
transmission(传输).Glowing
plants
could
reduce
this
distance
and
therefore
help
save
energy.
32.
What
is
the
first
paragraph
mainly
about?
A.
A
new
study
of
different
plants.
B.
A
big
fall
in
crime
rates.
C.
Employees
from
various
workplaces.
D.
Benefits
from
green
plants.
35.
Which
of
the
following
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
Can
we
grow
more
glowing
plants?
B.
How
do
we
live
with
glowing
plants?
C.
Could
glowing
plants
replace
lamps?
D.
How
are
glowing
plants
made
pollution-free?
【答案】
32.
D
35.
C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。
32.
主旨大意题。根据第一段中A
study
conducted
in
Youngstown,
Ohio,
for
example
,discovered
that
greener
areas
of
the
city
experienced
less
crime.
In
another,
employees
were
shown
to
be
15%
more
productive
when
their
workplaces
were
decorated
with
houseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。
35.
主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lighting
accounts
for
about
7%of
the
total
electricity
consumed
in
the
US.
Since
lighting
is
often
far
removed
from
the
power
source-such
as
the
distance
from
a
power
plant
to
street
lamps
on
a
remote
highway-a
lot
of
energy
is
lost
during
transmission.
Glowing
plants
could
reduce
this
distance
and
therefore
help
save
energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。
3.
首尾呼应的写作方法
为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。
Lacrosse
(曲棍球)
is
a
popular
sport
in
Canada.
The
Indians
in
Canada
invented
it.
They
used
it
to
train
for
war.
They
invented
this
game
before
Columbus
arrived
in
the
New
World.
People
play
lacrosse
outdoors.
The
lacrosse
field
is
seven
meters
long.
At
each
end
of
the
field
there
is
a
goal.
The
goal
is
a
net.
There
are
ten
players
on
each
team.
Each
player
has
a
stick
called
“
cross”.
The
player
hit
a
ball
into
the
net
as
many
times
as
possible.
Lacrosse
is
a
very
fast
game
because
the
players
can
catch
and
pass
the
ball
at
a
high
speed
with
their
sticks.
Players
often
get
great
fun
it
playing
lacrosse.
There
are
many
lacrosse
clubs
and
lacrosse
teams
all
over
Canada.
Every
night
Canadians
can
watch
the
lacrosse
games
on
TV
or
listen
to
the
lacrosse
games
over
the
radio.
At
one
time
lacrosse
was
the
national
summer
sport
in
Canada.
Today
it
is
still
popular
with
Canadians.
1.The
passage
is
mainly
about
___________.
A.
How
to
Play
Lacrosse
B.
Lacrosse
in
Canada
C.
The
History
of
Lacrosse
D.
Lacrosse—A
Popular
Game
in
Canada
【答案】D
【解析】作者先后两次提到“长曲棍球在加拿大很受欢迎”，显然选项D最符合短文的主题。
4.
中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句
阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。
Handshaking,
though
a
European
practice
is
often
seen
in
big
cities
of
China.
Nobody
knows
exactly
when
the
practice
started
in
Europe.
It
is
said
that
long
long
ago
in
Europe
when
people
met,
they
showed
their
unarmed
(无武器的)
hands
to
each
other
as
a
sign
of
goodwill.
As
time
went
on
and
trade
in
cities
grew
rapidly,
people
in
cities
began
to
clap
each
other’s
hands
to
make
a
deal
or
to
reach
an
agreement.
This
practice
was
later
changed
into
shaking
hands
among
friends
on
meeting
or
leaving
each
other.
“Let’s
shake
(hands)
on
it”
sometimes
means
agreement
reached.
Do
the
Europeans
shake
hands
wherever
they
go
and
with
whomever
they
meet?
No.
Sometimes
the
Chinese
abroad
reach
out
their
hands
too
often
to
be
polite.
It
is
really
very
impolite
to
give
your
hand
when
the
other
party,
especially
when
it
is
a
woman,
shows
little
interest
in
shaking
hands
with
you
and
when
the
meeting
does
not
mean
anything
to
him
or-her.
Even
if,
for
politeness,
he
holds
out
his
unwilling
hand
in
answer
to
your
uninvited
hand,
just
touch
it
slightly.
There
is
generally
a
misunderstanding
(误解)
among
the
Chinese
that
westerners
are
usually
open
and
straightforward,
while
the
Chinese
are
rather
reserved
(保守的)
in
manner.
But
in
fact
some
people
in
western
countries
more
reserved
than
some
Chinese
today.
So
it
is
a
good
idea
to
shake
hands
with
a
westerner
only
when
he
shows
interest
in
further
relations
with
you.
65.
The
first
paragraph
mainly
tells
us
______.
A.
where
handshaking
was
first
practised
B.
how
handshaking
came
about
C.
about
the
relationship
between
handshaking
and
trade
D.
about
the
practice
of
handshaking
both
in
Europe
and
in
China
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。在文章第一段说明了握手的来历。实际上也就是谈论握手是怎样产生的。
67.
The
main
purpose
of
the
text
is
______.
A.
to
tell
us
some
differences
between
the
East
and
the
West
B.
to
offer
us
some
important
facts
about
handshaking
C.
to
introduce
us
to
some
different
customs
in
the
West
D.
to
give
us
some
advice
before
we
travel
abroad
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。本文没有明确主题句，中心主题隐含在全文之中。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了握手的一些具体情况。
4.
主题句出现在文章的中间
通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。
The
Sahara
Festival
is
a
celebration
of
the
very
recent
past.
The
three-day
event
is
not
fixed
to
the
same
dates
each
year,
but
generally
takes
place
in
November
or
December.
It
is
well
attended
by
tourists,
but
even
better
attended
by
locals.
During
the
opening
ceremonies,
after
the
official
greetings
from
the
government
leaders,
people
who
attend
the
festival
begin
to
march
smartly
before
the
viewing
stands,
and
white
camels
transport
their
riders
across
the
sands.
Horsemen
from
different
nations
display
their
beautiful
clothes
and
their
fine
horsemanship.
One
following
another,
groups
of
musicians
and
dancers
from
all
over
the
Sahara
take
their
turn
to
show
off
their
wonderful
traditional
culture.
Groups
of
men
in
blue
and
yellow
play
horns
and
beat
drums
as
they
dance
in
different
designs.
On
their
knees
in
the
sand,
a
group
of
women
in
long
dark
dresses
dance
with
their
hair:
their
long,
dark,
shiny
hair
is
thrown
back
and
forth
in
the
wind
to
the
rhythm
of
their
dance.
…
67.
This
passage
mainly
tells
readers_______.
A.
what
happens
on
the
opening
day
of
the
Sahara
Festival
B.
how
people
celebrate
during
the
three-day
Sahara
Festival
C.
what
takes
place
at
the
closing
ceremonies
of
the
Sahara
Festival
D.
how
animals
race
on
the
first
and
the
last
days
of
the
Sahara
Festival
【答案】A
【解析】从文中第二段第一句话“During
the
opening
ceremonies,”可以看出，本文主要是介绍“撒哈拉节”开幕式上的活动。答案选A。
怎样给阅读文章整体加注标题
——高度概括法
对文章主旨大意的考察，不仅可以直接以理解段落及文章的主旨大意的形式出现，而且也可以用选择或拟定文章标题的形式出现。因此，选择文章标题，首先可以按照主旨大意的确定方式，先弄清文章的主旨大意，再定标题。
标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它是段落中心思想最精练的表达形式。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。那么如何选择文章的标题呢？
首先，要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。一般要求能覆盖全文内容，体现文章主旨。要避免下列三种情况：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为脱离本文章内容的发挥）；③以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。
其次，要考虑标题的针对性，即标题范围要恰当，针对性强。要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系。既不能太大，也不能太小，太大则中心就不突出，太小也发挥不了应起的作用；精确度高，不能随意改变语言的表意程度及色彩。它可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。
再次要注意标题的醒目性，标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖，标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响了文章的可读性，读者常常从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍。故标题一般比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，以此来吸引读者对文章的兴趣。
最后要注意，要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方法。一般说来，拟定标题是以话题为核心，与控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句或中心思想的词组。比如某一文章的中心句为：CHINA
issued
the
first
set
of
stamps
depicting
the
top
128
Chinese
family
names
on
Thursday
Nov.
18th
2004
in
Beijing.
话题：Stamps
控制性概念：CHINA
issued
the
first
set
of
stamps
depicting
the
top
128
Chinese
family
names
标题：China
issued
1st
set
of
stamps
on
family
names
August
8,
was
Earth
Overshoot
Day.
Calculated
annually
by
the
environmental
advocacy(支持，拥护)
group,
Global
Footprint
Network
(GFN),
it
is
the
day
when
human
has
consumed
all
the
natural
resources
—
produce,
meat,
fish,
water,
and
wood
—
that
our
planet
can
regenerate(再生)
in
a
single
year.
This
means
that
for
the
rest
of
2016,
we
will
be
using
natural
resources
that
are
impossible
to
replace.
For
those
that
are
a
little
confused,
it
is
similar
to
spending
your
entire
year’s
allowance
by
August
and
then
borrowing
money
from
friends,
knowing
fully
well
that
you
cannot
repay
the
loan.
GFN
says
that
the
same
thing
happens
in
the
case
of
the
Earth.
The
date
of
Earth
Overshoot
Day
varies
each
year.
In
an
ideal,
fully
sustainable
world,
we
should
only
spend
what
we
have.
This
means
that
Earth
Overshoot
Day
would
fall
on
December
31,
or
perhaps
even
spill
into
the
following
year,
indicating
that
we
are
saving
some
resources
for
a
rainy
day.
That
did
happen
in
1961,
when
we
only
consumed
three-quarters
of
what
the
planet
produced.
Unfortunately,
the
day
has
been
going
up
rapidly
since
2014
when
it
fell
on
August
19.
In
2015,
it
was
August
13,
and
this
year,
the
earliest
so
far
—
August
8!
The
only
way
to
sustain
this
demand
would
be
to
have
1.6
earths,
which
as
we
all
know,
is
not
possible.
Fortunately,
experts
say
that
the
situation
is
not
as
grim
as
it
sounds.
Many
countries
are
already
taking
steps
to
reduce
carbon
emissions,
which
accounts
for
60%
of
our
ecological
footprint,
by
switching
to
solar
or
wind-generated
power.
Individuals
can
also
help
by
eating
less
meat,
walking,
biking,
or
taking
public
transportation,
as
well
as
adopting
the
three
R’s:
Reduce,
Reuse,
and
Recycle.
If
we
all
work
together,
we
can
help
push
back
Earth
Overshoot
Day
to
December
31,
or
even
beyond!
27.
What
is
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.
A
Warning:
Earth
Overshoot
Day
B.
A
Celebration:
Earth
Overshoot
Day
C.
A
Reminder:
Reduce,
Reuse,
and
Recycle
D.
An
Advertisement:
Global
Footprint
Network
【文章大意】本文是一篇环保类说明文。文章介绍了Earth
Overshoot
Day。今年在八月八号我们就已经消耗掉今年全年的可再生资源，接着又介绍了Earth
Overshoot
Day的计算方法。通过介绍Earth
Overshoot
Day，作者呼吁人们减少资源浪费。
【答案】
A
【解析】今年的Earth
Overshoot
Day是八月八号，即我们今年在八月八号就已经消耗掉我们今年全年的可再生资源。本文通过介绍Earth
Overshoot
Day告诉人们要减少资源浪费，所以最佳标题应是A项。
题组一
真题在线
Passage
1(2020·全国新高考Ⅰ.B)
Jenifer
Mauer
has
needed
more
willpower
than
the
typical
college
student
to
pursue
her
goal
of
earning
a
nursing
degree.
That
willpower
bore
fruit
when
Jennifer
graduated
from
University
of
Wisconsin-Eau
Claire
and
became
the
first
in
her
large
family
to
earn
a
bachelor's
degree.
Mauer,
of
Edgar,
Wisconsin,
grew
up
on
a
farm
in
a
family
of
10
children.
Her
dad
worked
at
a
job
away
from
the
farm,
and
her
mother
ran
the
farm
with
the
kids.
After
high
school,
Jennifer
attended
a
local
technical
college,
working
to
pay
her
tuition(学费),
because
there
was
no
extra
money
set
aside
for
a
college
education.
After
graduation,
she
worked
to
help
her
sisters
and
brothers
pay
for
their
schooling.
Jennifer
now
is
married
and
has
three
children
of
her
own.
She
decided
to
go
back
to
college
to
advance
her
career
and
to
be
able
to
better
support
her
family
while
doing
something
she
loves:
nursing.
She
chose
the
UW-Eau
Claire
program
at
Ministry
Saint
Joseph's
Hospital
in
Marshfield
because
she
was
able
to
pursue
her
four-year
degree
close
to
home.
She
could
drive
to
class
and
be
home
in
the
evening
to
help
with
her
kids.
Jenifer
received
great
support
from
her
family
as
she
worked
to
earn
her
degree:
Her
husband
worked
two
jobs
to
cover
the
bills,
and
her
68-year-old
mother
helped
take
care
of
the
children
at
times.
Through
it
all,
she
remained
in
good
academic
standing
and
graduated
with
honors.
Jennifer
sacrificed(牺牲)to
achieve
her
goal,
giving
up
many
nights
with
her
kids
and
missing
important
events
to
study.
''Some
nights
my
heart
was
breaking
to
have
to
pick
between
my
kids
and
studying
for
exams
or
papers,''
she
says.
However,
her
children
have
learned
an
important
lesson
witnessing
their
mother
earn
her
degree.
Jennifer
is
a
first-generation
graduate
and
an
inspiration
to
her
family-and
that's
pretty
powerful.
4.
What
did
Jennifer
do
after
high
school?
A.
She
helped
her
dad
with
his
work.
B.
She
ran
the
family
farm
on
her
own.
C.
She
supported
herself
through
college.
D.
She
taught
her
sisters
and
brothers
at
home.
5.
Why
did
Jennifer
choose
the
program
at
Ministry
Saint
Joseph's
Hospital
in
Marshfield?
A.
To
take
care
of
her
kids
easily.
B.
To
learn
from
the
best
nurses.
C.
To
save
money
for
her
parents.
D.
To
find
a
well-paid
job
there.
6.
What
did
Jennifer
sacrifice
to
achieve
her
goal?
A.
Her
health.
B.
Her
time
with
family.
C.
Her
reputation.
D.
Her
chance
of
promotion.
7.
What
can
we
learn
from
Jenifer's
story?
A.
Time
is
money.
B.
Love
breaks
down
barriers.
C.
Hard
work
pays
off.
D.
Education
is
the
key
to
success.
Passage
2
（(2020·全国新高考Ⅰ.C)
According
to
a
recent
study
in
the
Journal
of
Consumer
Research,
both
the
size
and
consumption
habits
of
our
eating
companions
can
influence
our
food
intake.
And
contrary
to
existing
research
that
says
you
should
avoid
eating
with
heavier
people
who
order
large
portions(份),
it's
the
beanpoles
with
big
appetites
you
really
need
to
avoid.
To
test
the
effect
of
social
influence
on
eating
habits,
the
researchers
conducted
two
experiments.
In
the
first,
95
undergraduate
women
were
individually
invited
into
a
lab
to
ostensibly(表面上)participate
in
a
study
about
movie
viewership.
Before
the
film
began,
each
woman
was
asked
to
help
herself
to
a
snack.
An
actor
hired
by
the
researchers
grabbed
her
food
first.
In
her
natural
state,
the
actor
weighed
105
pounds.
But
in
half
the
cases
she
wore
a
specially
designed
fat
suit
which
increased
her
weight
to
180
pounds.
Both
the
fat
and
thin
versions
of
the
actor
took
a
large
amount
of
food.
The
participants
followed
suit,
taking
more
food
than
they
normally
would
have.
However,
they
took
significantly
more
when
the
actor
was
thin.
For
the
second
test,
in
one
case
the
thin
actor
took
two
pieces
of
candy
from
the
snack
bowls.
In
the
other
case,
she
took
30
pieces.
The
results
were
similar
to
the
first
test:
the
participants
followed
suit
but
took
significantly
more
candy
when
the
thin
actor
took
30
pieces.
The
tests
show
that
the
social
environment
is
extremely
influential
when
we're
making
decisions.
If
this
fellow
participant
is
going
to
eat
more,
so
will
I.
Call
it
the
“I’ll
have
what
she's
having”
effect.
However,
we'll
adjust
the
influence.
If
an
overweight
person
is
having
a
large
portion,
I'll
hold
back
a
bit
because
I
see
the
results
of
his
eating
habits.
But
if
a
thin
person
eats
a
lot,
I'll
follow
suit.
If
he
can
eat
much
and
keep
slim,
why
can't
I?
12.
What
is
the
recent
study
mainly
about?
A.
Food
safety.
B.
Movie
viewership.
C.
Consumer
demand.
D.
Eating
behavior.
13.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“beanpoles”
in
paragraph
1
refer
to?
A.
Big
eaters.
B.
Overweight
persons.
C.
Picky
eaters.
D.
Tall
thin
persons.
14.
Why
did
the
researchers
hire
the
actor?
A.
To
see
how
she
would
affect
the
participants.
B.
To
test
if
the
participants
could
recognize
her.
C.
To
find
out
what
she
would
do
in
the
two
tests.
D.
To
study
why
she
could
keep
her
weight
down.
15.
On
what
basis
do
we
“adjust
the
influence”
according
to
the
last
paragraph?
A.
How
hungry
we
are.
B.
How
slim
we
want
to
be.
C.
How
we
perceive
others.
D.
How
we
feel
about
the
food.
Passage
3
(2020·新课标II卷，B)
Some
parents
will
buy
any
high-tech
toy
if
they
think
it
will
help
their
child,
but
researchers
said
puzzles
help
children
with
math-related
skills.
Psychologist
Susan
Levine,
an
expert
on
mathematics
development
in
young
children
the
University
of
Chicago,
found
children
who
play
with
puzzles
between
ages
2
and
4
later
develop
better
spatial
skills.
Puzzle
play
was
found
to
be
a
significant
predictor
of
cognition(认知)
after
controlling
for
differences
in
parents’
income,
education
and
the
amount
of
parent
talk,
Levine
said.
The
researchers
analyzed
video
recordings
of
53
child-parent
pairs
during
everyday
activities
at
home
and
found
children
who
play
with
puzzles
between
26
and
46
months
of
age
have
better
spatial
skills
when
assessed
at
54
months
of
age.
“The
children
who
played
with
puzzles
performed
better
than
those
who
did
not,
on
tasks
that
assessed
their
ability
to
rotate(旋转)and
translate
shapes,”
Levine
said
in
a
statement.
The
parents
were
asked
to
interact
with
their
children
as
they
normally
would,
and
about
half
of
children
in
the
study
played
with
puzzles
at
one
time.
Higher-income
parents
tended
to
have
children
play
with
puzzles
more
frequently,
and
both
boys
and
girls
who
played
with
puzzles
had
better
spatial
skills.
However,
boys
tended
to
play
with
more
complex
puzzles
than
girls,
and
the
parents
of
boys
provided
more
spatial
language
and
were
more
active
during
puzzle
play
than
parents
of
girls.
The
findings
were
published
in
the
journal
Developmental
Science.
24.
In
which
aspect
do
children
benefit
from
puzzle
play?
A.
Building
confidence.
B.
Developing
spatial
skills.
C.
Learning
self-control.
D.
Gaining
high-tech
knowledge.
25.
What
did
Levine
take
into
consideration
when
designing
her
experiment？
A.
Parents’
age.
B.
Children’s
imagination.
C.
Parents’
education.
D.
Child-parent
relationship.
26.
How
do
boy
differ
from
girls
in
puzzle
play?
A.
They
play
with
puzzles
more
often.
B.
They
tend
to
talk
less
during
the
game.
C.
They
prefer
to
use
more
spatial
language.
D.
They
are
likely
to
play
with
tougher
puzzles.
27.
What
is
the
text
mainly
about?
A.
A
mathematical
method.
B.
A
scientific
study.
C.
A
woman
psychologist
D.
A
teaching
program.
Passage
4(2020·天津卷.B)
“They
tell
me
that
you’d
like
to
make
a
statue(塑像)
of
me-is
that
correct,
Miss
Vinnie
Ream?”
The
deep,
gentle
voice
helped
calm
the
nervous
girl.
Asking
a
favor
of
the
President
of
the
United
States
was
no
casual
matter,
especially
for
a
seventeen-year-old
girl.
“Yes,
sir,”
she
replied,
her
dark
eyes
meeting
his.
“I
wouldn’t
have
duo
ask
you,
but
my
teacher,
Mr.
Mills,
says
I
am
ready.
I
plan
to
make
it
in
an
admirable
manner.
“
President
Lincoln
smiled.
“Painters,
sculptors-they’ve
all
tried
to
make
the
best
of
this
ordinary
face,
but
I’m
afraid
there’s
not
much
hope.
What
did
you
have
in
mind,
Miss
Ream?
A
bust(半身像)?”
Before
Vinnie
could
say
yes,
the
President
hurried
on,
a
shade
of
apology
in
his
voice.
“Of
course-I
shouldn’t
have
asked.
A
full-length
pose
would
be
much
too
big
a
project
for
a
young
woman
your
size.
“
Vinnie’s
face
turned
red.
She
realized
she
looked
like
a
child,
with
her
tiny
figure.
“Small
does
not
mean
weak,
sir,”
she
defended
herself.
“I
was
born
in
the
country
of
Wisconsin.
I’ve
driven
teams
of
horses
and
carried
water.
Making
a
full-length
clay(粘土)
figure
would
not
exhaust
my
strength-and
that
is
what
I
intend
to
do!”
The
President’s
eyes,
brightened
at
her
show
of
spirit.
“Sorry,
madam,
I
have
underestimated
you
as
I
didn’t
know
your
background.”
But
his
smile
faded
as
he
rubbed
his
beard
with
bony
fingers,
in
thought.
“Miss
Ream,”
he
sighed,
“I’d
like
to
let
you
do
it,
but
as
you
know,
we
are
in
the
middle
of
a
war.
How
could
I
possibly
take
the
time
to
pose
for
a
sculpture
now?
I
hardly
have
a
minute
to
myself.”
Vinnie
glanced
around
and
noted
the
size
of
his
office.
“I
work
quickly,”
she
said.
Her
voice
was
soft
but
confident
as
she
pointed
to
the
corner
near
the
windows.
“If
I
were
to
bring
my
clay
here
and
work
for
three
hours
every
afternoon,
I
could
complete
most
of
the
project
while
you
are
at
your
desk.”
The
President
seemed
to
consider
her
idea
seriously.
He
got
up
and
shook
Vinnie’s
hand
warmly,
“I’ve
heard
that
you
are
a
talented
young
woman,
and
I
have
found
you
charming
and
intelligent
as
well.
I
cannot
make
my
decision
immediately,
but
you
will
hear
from
me
soon.”
The
very
next
day,
Vinnie
received
an
invitation
from
the
President.
41.
What
gave
Vinnie
confidence
to
make
her
request
of
President
Lincoln?
A.
Her
aggressive
personality.
B.
Mr.
Mills’s
encouraging
remark.
C.
President
Lincoln’s
gentle
voice.
D.
Her
interest
in
a
challenging
job.
42.
How
did
President
Lincoln
first
respond
to
Vinnie’s
request?
A.
Pleased.
B.
Thrilled.
C.
Regretful.
D.
Doubtful.
43.
Vinnie
confirmed
her
ability
to
make
a
full-length
statue
by
highlighting
______.
A.
her
experience
from
other
projects
B.
her
innocent
childhood
in
the
country
C.
the
heavy
labor
she
had
done
before
D.
the
skill
she
picked
up
in
Wisconsin
44.
Vinnie
wanted
to
choose
the
corner
near
the
windows
to
______.
A.
achieve
effects
of
natural
lighting
B.
keep
all
her
tools
within
easy
reach
C.
observe
the
President
at
a
right
angle
D.
avoid
disturbing
the
president’s
work
45.
What
message
does
the
story
convey?
A.
A
strong-willed
soul
can
reach
his
goal.
B.
Experience
helps
to
promote
excellence.
C.
Ups
and
downs
make
one
strong.
D.
Devotion
requires
enthusiasm.
Passage
5（2020·新课标全国卷Ⅰ，D）
According
to
a
recent
study
in
the
Journal
of
Consumer
Research,
both
the
size
and
consumption
habits
of
our
eating
companions
can
influence
our
food
intake.
And
contrary
to
existing
research
that
says
you
should
avoid
eating
with
heavier
people
who
order
large
portions(份),
it's
the
beanpoles
with
big
appetites
you
really
need
to
avoid.
To
test
the
effect
of
social
influence
on
eating
habits,
the
researchers
conducted
two
experiments.
In
the
first,
95
undergraduate
women
were
individually
invited
into
a
lab
to
ostensibly(表面上)participate
in
a
study
about
movie
viewership.
Before
the
film
began,
each
woman
was
asked
to
help
herself
to
a
snack.
An
actor
hired
by
the
researchers
grabbed
her
food
first.
In
her
natural
state,
the
actor
weighed
105
pounds.
But
in
half
the
cases
she
wore
a
specially
designed
fat
suit
which
increased
her
weight
to
180
pounds.
Both
the
fat
and
thin
versions
of
the
actor
took
a
large
amount
of
food.
The
participants
followed
suit,
taking
more
food
than
they
normally
would
have.
However,
they
took
significantly
more
when
the
actor
was
thin.
For
the
second
test,
in
one
case
the
thin
actor
took
two
pieces
of
candy
from
the
snack
bowls.
In
the
other
case,
she
took
30
pieces.
The
results
were
similar
to
the
first
test:
the
participants
followed
suit
but
took
significantly
more
candy
when
the
thin
actor
took
30
pieces.
The
tests
show
that
the
social
environment
is
extremely
influential
when
we're
making
decisions.
If
this
fellow
participant
is
going
to
eat
more,
so
will
I.
Call
it
the
“I’ll
have
what
she's
having”
effect.
However,
we'll
adjust
the
influence.
If
an
overweight
person
is
having
a
large
portion,
I'll
hold
back
a
bit
because
I
see
the
results
of
his
eating
habits.
But
if
a
thin
person
eats
a
lot,
I'll
follow
suit.
If
he
can
eat
much
and
keep
slim,
why
can't
I?
12.
What
is
the
recent
study
mainly
about?
A.
Food
safety.
B.
Movie
viewership.
C.
Consumer
demand.
D.
Eating
behavior.
13.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“beanpoles”
in
paragraph
1
refer
to?
A.
Big
eaters.
B.
Overweight
persons.
C.
Picky
eaters.
D.
Tall
thin
persons.
14.
Why
did
the
researchers
hire
the
actor?
A.
To
see
how
she
would
affect
the
participants.
B.
To
test
if
the
participants
could
recognize
her.
C.
To
find
out
what
she
would
do
in
the
two
tests.
D.
To
study
why
she
could
keep
her
weight
down.
15.
On
what
basis
do
we
“adjust
the
influence”
according
to
the
last
paragraph?
A.
How
hungry
we
are.
B.
How
slim
we
want
to
be.
C.
How
we
perceive
others.
D.
How
we
feel
about
the
food.
Passage
6（2020·全国卷Ⅱ.C）
When
you
were
trying
to
figure
out
what
to
buy
for
the
environmentalist
on
your
holiday
list,
fur
probably
didn’t
cross
your
mind.
But
some
ecologists
and
fashion
(时装)enthusiasts
are
trying
to
bring
back
the
market
for
fur
made
from
nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual
fashion
shows
in
New
Orleans
and
Brooklyn
have(showcased)nutria
fur
made
into
clothes
in
different
styles.
“It
sounds
crazy
to
talk
about
guilt-free
fur-unless
you
understand
that
the
nutria
are
destroying
vast
wetlands
every
year”,
says
Cree
McCree,
project
director
of
Righteous
Fur.
Scientists
in
Louisiana
were
so
concerned
that
they
decided
to
pay
hunters
$5
a
tail.
Some
of
the
fur
ends
up
in
the
fashion
shows
like
the
one
in
Brooklyn
last
month.
Nutria
were
brought
there
from
Argentina
by
fur
farmers
and
let
go
into
the
wild.
“The
ecosystem
down
there
can’t
handle
this
non-native
species(物种).It’s
destroying
the
environment.
It’s
them
or
us.”
says
Michael
Massimi,
an
expert
in
this
field.
The
fur
trade
kept
nutria
check
for
decades，but
when
the
market
for
nutria
collapsed
in
the
late
1980s，the
cat-sized
animals
multiplied
like
crazy.
Biologist
Edmond
Mouton
runs
the
nutria
control
program
for
Louisiana.
He
says
it’s
not
easy
to
convince
people
that
nutria
fur
is
green,
but
he
has
no
doubt
about
it.
Hunters
bring
in
more
than
300,000
nutria
tails
a
year,
so
part
of
Mouton’s
job
these
days
is
trying
to
promote
fur.
Then
there’s
Righteous
Fur
and
its
unusual
fashion.
Model
Paige
Morgan
says，”To
give
people
a
guilt-free
option
that
they
can
wear
without
someone
throwing
paint
on
them-1
think
that’s
going
to
be
a
massive
thing,
at
least
here
in
New
York.”
Designer
Jennifer
Anderson
admits
it
took
her
a
while
to
come
around
to
the
opinion
that
using
nutria
fur
for
her
creations
is
morally
acceptable.
She
trying
to
come
up
with
a
lable
to
attach
to
nutria
fashions
to
show
it
is
eco-friendly.
28.
What
is
the
purpose
of
the
fashion
shows
in
New
Orleans
and
Brooklyn?
A.
To
promote
guilt-free
fur.
B.
To
expand
the
fashion
market.
C.
To
introduce
a
new
brand.
D.
To
celebrate
a
winter
holiday.
29.
Why
are
scientists
concerned
about
nutria?
A.
Nutria
damage
the
ecosystem
seriously.
B.
Nutria
are
an
endangered
species.
C.
Nutria
hurt
local
cat-sized
animals.
D.
Nutria
are
illegally
hunted.
30.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“collapsed”
in
paragraph
5
probably
mean?
A.
Boomed.
B.
Became
mature.
C.
Remained
stable.
D.
Crashed.
31.
What
can
we
infer
abouf
wearing
fur
in
New
York
according
to
Morgan?
A.
It’s
formal.
B.
It’s
risky.
C.
It’s
harmful.
D.
It’s
traditional.
Passage7
(2020.天津卷.D)
After
years
of
observing
human
nature,
I
have
decided
that
two
qualities
make
the
difference
between
men
of
great
achievement
and
men
of
average
performance
curiosity
and
discontent.
I
have
never
known
an
outstanding
man
who
lacked
either.
And
I
have
never
known
an
average
man
who
had
both.
The
two
belong
together.
Together,
these
deep
human
urges
(驱策力)
count
for
much
more
that
ambition.
Galileo
was
not
merely
ambitious
when
he
dropped
objects
of
varying
weights
from
the
Leaning
Tower
at
Pisa
and
timed
their
fall
to
the
ground.
Like
Galileo,
all
the
great
names
in
history
were
curious
and
asked
in
discontent,
“Why?
Why?
Why?”
Fortunately,
curiosity
and
discontent
don’t
have
to
be
learned.
We
are
born
with
them
and
need
only
recapture
them.
“The
great
man,”
said
Mencius
(孟子),
“is
he
who
does
not
lose
his
child’s
heart.”
Yet
most
of
us
do
lose
it.
We
stop
asking
questions.
We
stop
challenging
custom.
We
just
follow
the
crowd.
And
the
crowd
desires
restful
average.
It
encourages
us
to
occupy
our
own
little
corner,
to
avoid
foolish
leaps
into
the
dark,
to
be
satisfied.
Most
of
us
meet
new
people,
and
new
ideas,
with
hesitation.
But
once
having
met
and
liked
them,
we
think
how
terrible
it
would
have
been,
had
we
missed
the
chance.
We
will
probably
have
to
force
ourselves
to
waken
our
curiosity
and
discontent
and
keep
them
awake.
How
should
you
start?
Modestly,
so
as
not
to
become
discouraged.
I
think
of
one
friend
who
couldn’t
arrange
flowers
to
satisfy
herself.
She
was
curious
about
how
the
experts
did
it.
How
she
is
one
of
the
experts,
writing
books
on
flower
arrangement.
One
way
to
begin
is
to
answer
your
own
excuses.
You
haven’t
any
special
ability?
Most
people
don’t;
there
are
only
a
few
geniuses.
You
haven’t
any
time?
That’s
good,
because
it’s
always
the
people
with
no
time
who
get
things
done.
Harriet
Stowe,
mother
of
six,
wrote
parts
of
Uncle
Tom’s
Cabin
while
cooking.
You’re
too
old?
Remember
that
Thomas
Costain
was
57
when
he
published
his
first
novel,
and
that
Grandma
Moses
showed
her
first
pictures
when
she
was
78.
However
you
start,
remember
there
is
no
better
time
to
start
than
right
now,
for
you’ll
never
be
more
alive
than
you
are
at
this
moment.
51.
In
writing
Paragraph
1,
the
author
aims
to
________.
A.
propose
a
definition
B.
make
a
comparison
C.
reach
a
conclusion
D.
present
an
argument
52.
What
does
the
example
of
Galileo
tell
us?
A.
Trial
and
error
leads
to
the
finding
of
truth.
B.
Scientists
tend
to
be
curious
and
ambitious.
C.
Creativity
results
from
challenging
authority.
D.
Greatness
comes
from
a
lasting
desire
to
explore.
53.
What
can
you
do
to
recapture
curiosity
and
discontent?
A.
Observe
the
unknown
around
you.
B.
Develop
a
questioning
mind.
C.
Lead
a
life
of
adventure.
D.
Follow
the
fashion.
54.
What
can
we
learn
from
Paragraphs
6
and
7?
A.
Gaining
success
helps
you
become
an
expert.
B.
The
genius
tends
to
get
things
done
creatively.
C.
Lack
of
talent
and
time
is
no
reason
for
taking
no
action.
D.
You
should
remain
modest
when
approaching
perfection.
55.
What
could
be
the
best
tile
or
the
passage?
A.
Curious
Minds
Never
Feel
Contented
B.
Reflections
on
Human
Nature
C.
The
Keys
to
Achievement
D.
Never
Too
Late
to
Learn
题组二
名校模拟
Passage
1
Music
icon
Bob
Dylan
will
not
attend
the
Nobel
ceremony
in
December
because
he
has
other
commitments,
the
Swedish
Academy
said
on
Wednesday.
"The
Swedish
Academy
received
a
personal
letter
from
Bob
Dylan
yesterday
where
he
explained
that
he
could
not
make
himself
available
in
December...,"
it
said
in
a
statement.
"He
wishes
that
he
could
accept
the
award
personally,
but
other
commitments
make?it
unfortunately
impossible.
He
underlined
that
he
felt
incredibly
honored
by
the
Nobel
Prize,"
it
added.
The
Swedish
Academy
said
it
respected
Dylan’s
decision,
but
that
it
was
"unusual"
for
a
Nobel
laureate
not
to
come
to
Stockholm
to
accept
the
award
in
person.
Nobel
laureates
are
honored
every
year
on
December
10
—
the
death
anniversary
of
the
prize’s
founder
Alfred
Nobel,
a
Swedish
industrialist,
inventor
and
philanthropist.
Several
other
literature
prize
winners
have
skipped
the
Nobel
ceremony
in
the
past
for
various
reasons
—
British
writer
Doris
Lessing
on
grounds
of
ill
health,
British
playwright
Harold
Pinter
because
he
was
hospitalized
and
Austrian
playwright
and
novelist
Elfriede
Jelinek
due
to
social
phobia.
"We
look
forward
to
Bob
Dylan’s
Nobel
lecture,
which
he
must
carry
out
—
it
is
the
only
requirement
—
within
six
months
starting
from
December
10,
2016,"
the
academy
said.
1．What
does
the
underlined
word
"it"
in
Paragraph
3
refer
to?
A.receiving
a
personal
letter
B.expressing
himself
in
a
statement
C.feeling
honored
by
the
award
D.accepting
the
award
personally
2．What
is
the
Swedish
Academy's
attitude
towards
Bob
Dylan’s
decision?
A.supportive
B.opposite
C.indifferent
D.tolerant
3．What
is
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
A.The
Nobel
Prize
Goes
to
Music
Icon
Bob
Dylan
B.Laureate
Bob
Dylan
Will
Be
Absent
for
the
Nobel
Ceremony
C.Bob
Dylan
—
a
Music
Icon
Who
Won
the
Nobel
Prize
D.A
Great
Anniversary
Event
—
the
Nobel
Ceremony
4．According
to
the
passage,
which
of
the
following
is
true?
A.Bob
Dylan
informed
the
Swedish
Academy
of
his
absence
by
telephone.
B.The
Nobel
ceremony
is
in
memory
of
the
birth
of
the
prize’s
founder.
C.Elfriede
skipped
the
Nobel
ceremony
because
of
physical
illness.
D.According
to
the
Swedish
Academy,
the
deadline
of
Dylan’s
lecture
is
June
10,
2017.
Passage
2
The
game
King
of
Glory,
which
is
produced
by
Tencent,
became
the
world’s
highest
grossing
game
in
2017.
However,
Tencent,
which
ranks
first
in
the
world
for
gaming
revenue,
said
in
a
statement
that
King
of
Glory
was
"supposed
to
bring
joy
...
but
excessive
gaming
brings
joy
to
neither
players
nor
their
parents".
It
announced
that
it
would
limit
the
daily
time
for
youngsters
to
play
its
popular
King
of
Glory
game
after
parents
and
schools
complained
the
children
had
become
addicted
to
playing
it.
Children
younger
than
12
are
only
allowed
to
play
the
game
for
a
maximum
of
one
hour
a
day,
and
after
9
p.m.,
they
are
banned
from
logging
in
to
it,
said
Tencent.
Juveniles(青少年)
older
than
12
are
able
to
play
for
a
maximum
of
two
hours
a
day.
The
game
system
can
remind
players
about
the
time
they
have
been
playing
and
young
players
will
be
forced
to
log
out
when
the
time
is
up.
Tencent
claimed
these
were
the
strictest
measures
in
China’s
game
industry
to
prevent
addiction
and
the
company
expected
they
would
ease
parents’
anxiety.
There
have
been
several
cases
reporting
that
children
had
spent
too
much
money
—
as
well
as
time
—
on
King
of
Glory.
Therefore,
Tencent
added
a
new
function
to
limit
spending
of
juvenile
players.
The
company
also
said
it
had
updated
its
system
for
parents
to
monitor
children
using
its
games.
Since
February,
parents
can
receive
messages
when
children
log
in
and
spend
money
on
the
game
after
they
connect
children’s
game
accounts
with
their
mobile
phone
numbers.
Now,
parents
can
connect
phones,
tablets
or
computers
that
their
children
use
to
play
games,
so
that
they
can
always
keep
an
eye
on
the
children
even
if
they
have
several
game
accounts,
Tencent
said.
It
added
the
measure
covered
its
200
games,
and
about
700,
000
accounts
have
been
connected
to
parents’
phone
numbers.
People
have
different
opinions
on
Tencent’s
such
measures.
Though
many
parents
think
highly
of
them,
a
father
of
a
high
school
student
said
he
actually
was
not
sure
if
they
would
be
sufficiently
effective.
"I
like
the
system
that
could
lock
up
the
devices
as
children
can
register
many
accounts,"he
said.
"But
children
are
so
clever
that
they
can
always
think
out
countermeasures."
5．What
does
Paragraph
2
mainly
talk
about?
A.The
game
rules
of
King
of
Glory.
B.The
target
players
of
King
of
Glory.
C.The
new
limitation
of
King
of
Glory.
D.The
negative
effects
of
King
of
Glory.
6．Which
measures
does
Tencent
take
to
reduce
children’s
addiction
to
its
games?
a.
Shorten
children’
game
time.
b.
Reform
its
monitoring
system.
c.
Ban
under
12s
from
playing
games.
d.
Decrease
children’s
game
spending.
e.
Control
children’s
game
account
numbers.
A.abe
B.abd
C.bcd
D.ade
7．What’s
the
father’s
attitude
towards
Tencent’s
measures
in
the
last
paragraph?
A.Critical.
B.Hopeful.
C.Doubtful.
D.Indifferent.
Passage
3
A
futuristic
transport
system
has
appeared
in
Zhuzhou,
China.
The
electric
mode
of
transportation,
which
features
"trackless
trains",
runs
on
virtual
rail
lines
and
is
the
world’s
"first
smart
train".
The
new
Autonomous
Rail
Rapid
Transit
(ART)
system
first
appeared
in
June
2017.
Finally,
it’s
best
being
tested.
Reports
describe
the
train
as
a
hybrid(混合物),
something
between
a
tram
and
a
bus.
Each
virtual
"railway"
track
is
dotted
and
measures
3.75
meters
wide.
These
guide
the
train
which
has
rubber
tires
instead
of
steel
wheels.
The
system
has
a
maximum
speed
of
70
km/h
and
can
carry
up
to
300
passengers
in
its
three
carriages.
The
goal
is
to
use
the
system
to
improve
and
speed
up
public
transportation
in
Zhuzhou.
Eventually,
the
ART
system
will
be
expanded
to
other
cities
in
China.
In
just
10
minutes,
the
ART
system
can
be
charged
and
ready
to
go.
When
fully
charged,
it
can
run
for
more
than
25
km
and
it
is
reported
to
have
a
lifespan
of
25
years.
Using
sensors,
the
train
collects
traveling
information
and,
over
time,
becomes
more
efficient
in
identifying
pavement
on
the
roads.
An
additional
benefit
is
that
the
ART
system
is
much
cheaper
to
build
than
an
ordinary
subway.
In
China,
a
subway
costs
approximately
400
million?yuan?to
700
million?yuan?per
kilometer.
In
contrast,
an
electric
streetcar(有轨电车)
costs
150
million?yuan?to
200
million?yuan?per
kilometer.
Believe
it
or
not,
conventional
automobiles
are
expected
to
be
canceled.
To
prevent
climate
change
from
worsening,
countries
are
setting
extremely
ambitious
carbon
emission
goals
which,
more
often
than
not,
include
a
timeline
in
which
cars
and
trucks
that
run
on
petrol
and
diesel
are
to
be?phased
out.
Clearly,
green
technology
is
the
future
—
and
that’s
a
good
thing.
According
to
research
conducted
by
WHO,
92
percent
of
the
world’s
population
lives
in
places
where
air
pollution
exceeds
safe
limits.
By
investing
in
green
transportation,
such
as
the
ART
system,
emissions
will
be
reduced,
which
will
prevent
climate
change
from
worsening.
8．What
does
the
author
say
about
the
trackless
train?
A.It
can
be
fully
charged
in
short
time.
B.Its
operating
mode
is
very
intelligent.
C.It
has
gained
wide
application
worldwide.
D.It
costs
far
less
than
streetcars.
9．Which
word
can
best
replace
the
underlined
phrase
"phased
out"?
A.banned
B.gathered
C.destroyed
D.maintained
10．What
is
the
passage
mainly
about?
A.The
ART
system
relieves
the
traffic
pressure.
B.Smart
trains
will
replace
the
traditional
trains
soon.
C.Futuristic
electric
trackless
trains
were
just
launched
in
China.
D.Green
technology
contributes
to
environmental
protection.
Passage
4
April
23
marks
the
400th
anniversary
of
William
Shakespeare’s
death.
Organizations
in
Britain
have
planned
numerous
events
to
honor
him.
In
Stratford-upon-Avon,
his
birthplace,
the
tourism
organization
has
a
great
number
of
free
events,
including
performances
of
Shakespeare’s
plays,
and
a
dazzling
fireworks
display.
And
the
BBC
is
broadcasting
a
live
show
from
Stratfore-upon-Avon,
celebrating
Shakespeare’s
widespread
influence
on
the
world.
In
England’s
capital,
the
London
Shakespeare
Centre
and
King’s
College
London
are
holding
a
series
of
public
performances,
exhibitions
and
activities.
It
isn’t
just
England
that
honors
the
anniversary
of
the
death
of
this
extraordinary
writer.
In
Washington,
D.
C.,
the
Folger
Shakespeare
Library,
which
houses
the
world’s
largest
collection
of
documents
relating
to
William
Shakespeare,
is
displaying
a
series
of
exhibitions.
Shakespeare
is
probably
the
most
famous
author
who
ever
lived
and
is
considered
a
genius
by
most.
He
wrote
around
37
plays
and
154
sonnets(十四行诗),
and
his
work
has
been
translated
into
over
one
hundred
languages!
He
penned
beautiful
metaphors(暗喻),
serious
dramas
and
amusing
tales.
Shakespeare
also
invented
many
new
terms
and
phrases.
If
someone’s
behavior
suggested
they
were
not
being
honest
and
should
not
be
trusted,
Shakespeare
called
their
actions
suspicious.
If
someone
was
being
silly
and
perhaps
looking
like
a
fool,
Shakespeare
found
their
actions
laughable.
And
Shakespeare
called
people
who
offered
their
opinions
on
the
quality
of
something
critics.
Today,
for
instance,
food
critics
and
film
critics
give
audiences
their
opinions
of
food
and
film.
The
familiar
phrase
＂break
the
ice＂
comes
from
Shakespeare’s
play
The
Taming
of
the
Shrew.
The
＂ice
is
broken＂
when
a
difficult
conversation
or
meeting
is
calmed
by
some
basic
introduction,
such
as
a
simple
game.
More
common
words
coined
by
Shakespeare
include
road,
gossip,
lonely,
bump
and
hurry.
Four
hundred
years
after
his
death,
Shakespeare
surely
lives
on,
in
everyday
speech,
as
the
most
famous
writer
of
all
time!
11.
The
main
idea
of
the
text
is
_______.
A.
the
400th
anniversary
of
Shakespeare’s
death
B.
the
influence
Shakespeare
has
on
English
C.
the
achievements
of
William
Shakespeare
D.
Shakespeare’s
colorful
and
fruitful
life
12.
Shakespeare
is
honored
in
the
following
ways
except_________.
A.
a
great
number
of
free
events
in
Stratford-upon-Avon
B.
a
series
of
activities
in
the
London
Shakespeare
Centre
C.
a
series
of
exhibitions
in
the
Folger
Shakespeare
Library
D.
a
live
show
of
Shakespeare
from
Stratford-upon-Avon
13.
According
to
the
next,
a
simply
game
to
make
a
difficult
conversation
easy
is
called
_______.15
A.
an
ice-breaker
B.
a
suspicious
man
C.
a
critic
D.
a
laughable
man
【高分秘籍】
1.
寻找主题句:
抓住段落或文章主题的捷径之一就是在段落或文章中寻找主题句。主题句是指能表达或概况段落主题或文章主要内容的句子，
通常是一个简洁、完整、具有概况性的句子，较多出现在说明文和议论文中，而其他句子则围绕着主题句展开进行说明解释或扩展。
主题句在文中的位置:
（1）开门见山：提出主题—细节支撑阐明主题
（2）段末点睛：细节描述—归纳要点—概括主题
（3）段中点旨：细节描述—归纳主题—进一步解释
（4）无主题句:考生需根据文章中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括和总结文章的大意
2.
捕捉关键词：
略读是概括和归纳文章或段落大意的基本方法。略读时要快，把注意力集中在关键词（即实词）上，非关键词（即虚词）则一带而过。注意出现频率高的词可能是蕴涵中心思想的关键词，分析归纳筛选出最能表达主旨或这这意图
的关键词，继而确定文章的主旨大意。
3.
仔细推敲选项：
（1）主旨大意题的干扰项的特点有：
①以偏概全：只阐述了文章的部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息；
②无中生有或似是而非：有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干
扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。
③主题扩大：归纳概括的范围过大，超过文章实际讨论的内容；
④张冠李戴：命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。在我们不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。
（2）主旨大意题的正确选项特征
①含有抽象名词和概括性词语的选项往往是正确答案；
②较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的选项一般是答案项。
考点详解
检测训练解密16
阅读理解之主旨大意题
主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一，
旨在考查考生对文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。此类题数量较大，在15个题中约占2-3个。
◆主旨大意题的分类
1.
从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种
①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段。
②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻
找或总结。
2.
考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种
①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；
②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的；
③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。
◆设问特点：
1.
考查全文主旨或段落大意。
2.
正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。
3.
错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。
4.
常以main
idea,
best
idea,
subject,
mainly
discuss
等词提问。
◆常考问题：
1.
中心思想类
The
main
point
/idea
of
the
passage
is…
The
passage
is
mainly
about…
The
passage
mainly
discusses…
The
last
but
one
paragraph
is
chiefly
concerned
with…?
Which
of
the
following
statements
best
expresses
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
2.
标题类
Which
of
the
following
is
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
The
best
title
for
the
passage
would
be
…
3.
目的类
The
author’s
main
purpose
in
writing
the
passage
is
to
…
The
passage
is
meant
to
….
In
writing
this
passage,
the
author
mainly
intends
to…
【名师指导】
文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：
1.
中心主题句出现在文首
开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。
新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。
2.
主题句出现在文尾
在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。
（2020年全国Ⅰ卷
B）
The
connection
between
people
and
plants
has
long
been
the
subject
of
scientific
research.
Recent
studies
have
found
positive
effects.
A
study
conducted
in
Youngstown，Ohio，for
example,
discovered
that
greener
areas
of
the
city
experienced
less
crime.
In
another，employees
were
shown
to
be
15%
more
productive
when
their
workplaces
were
decorated
with
houseplants.
The
engineers
at
the
Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology(MIT)have
taken
it
a
step
further
changing
the
actual
composition
of
plants
in
order
to
get
them
to
perform
diverse，even
unusual
functions.
These
include
plants
that
have
sensors
printed
onto
their
leaves
to
show
when
they’re
short
of
water
and
a
plant
that
can
detect
harmful
chemicals
in
groundwater.
＂We’re
thinking
about
how
we
can
engineer
plants
to
replace
functions
of
the
things
that
we
use
every
day,＂explained
Michael
Strano,
a
professor
of
chemical
engineering
at
MIT.
One
of
his
latest
projects
has
been
to
make
plants
glow(发光)in
experiments
using
some
common
vegetables.
Strano’s
team
found
that
they
could
create
a
faint
light
for
three-and-a-half
hours.
The
light，about
one-thousandth
of
the
amount
needed
to
read
by，is
just
a
start.
The
technology,
Strano
said,
could
one
day
be
used
to
light
the
rooms
or
even
to
turn
trees
into
self-powered
street
lamps.
In
the
future，the
team
hopes
to
develop
a
version
of
the
technology
that
can
be
sprayed
onto
plant
leaves
in
a
one-off
treatment
that
would
last
the
plant’s
lifetime.
The
engineers
are
also
trying
to
develop
an
on
and
off＂switch＂where
the
glow
would
fade
when
exposed
to
daylight.
Lighting
accounts
for
about
7%
of
the
total
electricity
consumed
in
the
US.
Since
lighting
is
often
far
removed
from
the
power
source(电源)-such
as
the
distance
from
a
power
plant
to
street
lamps
on
a
remote
highway-a
lot
of
energy
is
lost
during
transmission(传输).Glowing
plants
could
reduce
this
distance
and
therefore
help
save
energy.
32.
What
is
the
first
paragraph
mainly
about?
A.
A
new
study
of
different
plants.
B.
A
big
fall
in
crime
rates.
C.
Employees
from
various
workplaces.
D.
Benefits
from
green
plants.
35.
Which
of
the
following
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
Can
we
grow
more
glowing
plants?
B.
How
do
we
live
with
glowing
plants?
C.
Could
glowing
plants
replace
lamps?
D.
How
are
glowing
plants
made
pollution-free?
【答案】
32.
D
35.
C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。
32.
主旨大意题。根据第一段中A
study
conducted
in
Youngstown,
Ohio,
for
example
,discovered
that
greener
areas
of
the
city
experienced
less
crime.
In
another,
employees
were
shown
to
be
15%
more
productive
when
their
workplaces
were
decorated
with
houseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。
35.
主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lighting
accounts
for
about
7%of
the
total
electricity
consumed
in
the
US.
Since
lighting
is
often
far
removed
from
the
power
source-such
as
the
distance
from
a
power
plant
to
street
lamps
on
a
remote
highway-a
lot
of
energy
is
lost
during
transmission.
Glowing
plants
could
reduce
this
distance
and
therefore
help
save
energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。
3.
首尾呼应的写作方法
为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。
Lacrosse
(曲棍球)
is
a
popular
sport
in
Canada.
The
Indians
in
Canada
invented
it.
They
used
it
to
train
for
war.
They
invented
this
game
before
Columbus
arrived
in
the
New
World.
People
play
lacrosse
outdoors.
The
lacrosse
field
is
seven
meters
long.
At
each
end
of
the
field
there
is
a
goal.
The
goal
is
a
net.
There
are
ten
players
on
each
team.
Each
player
has
a
stick
called
“
cross”.
The
player
hit
a
ball
into
the
net
as
many
times
as
possible.
Lacrosse
is
a
very
fast
game
because
the
players
can
catch
and
pass
the
ball
at
a
high
speed
with
their
sticks.
Players
often
get
great
fun
it
playing
lacrosse.
There
are
many
lacrosse
clubs
and
lacrosse
teams
all
over
Canada.
Every
night
Canadians
can
watch
the
lacrosse
games
on
TV
or
listen
to
the
lacrosse
games
over
the
radio.
At
one
time
lacrosse
was
the
national
summer
sport
in
Canada.
Today
it
is
still
popular
with
Canadians.
1.The
passage
is
mainly
about
___________.
A.
How
to
Play
Lacrosse
B.
Lacrosse
in
Canada
C.
The
History
of
Lacrosse
D.
Lacrosse—A
Popular
Game
in
Canada
【答案】D
【解析】作者先后两次提到“长曲棍球在加拿大很受欢迎”，显然选项D最符合短文的主题。
4.
中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句
阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。
Handshaking,
though
a
European
practice
is
often
seen
in
big
cities
of
China.
Nobody
knows
exactly
when
the
practice
started
in
Europe.
It
is
said
that
long
long
ago
in
Europe
when
people
met,
they
showed
their
unarmed
(无武器的)
hands
to
each
other
as
a
sign
of
goodwill.
As
time
went
on
and
trade
in
cities
grew
rapidly,
people
in
cities
began
to
clap
each
other’s
hands
to
make
a
deal
or
to
reach
an
agreement.
This
practice
was
later
changed
into
shaking
hands
among
friends
on
meeting
or
leaving
each
other.
“Let’s
shake
(hands)
on
it”
sometimes
means
agreement
reached.
Do
the
Europeans
shake
hands
wherever
they
go
and
with
whomever
they
meet?
No.
Sometimes
the
Chinese
abroad
reach
out
their
hands
too
often
to
be
polite.
It
is
really
very
impolite
to
give
your
hand
when
the
other
party,
especially
when
it
is
a
woman,
shows
little
interest
in
shaking
hands
with
you
and
when
the
meeting
does
not
mean
anything
to
him
or-her.
Even
if,
for
politeness,
he
holds
out
his
unwilling
hand
in
answer
to
your
uninvited
hand,
just
touch
it
slightly.
There
is
generally
a
misunderstanding
(误解)
among
the
Chinese
that
westerners
are
usually
open
and
straightforward,
while
the
Chinese
are
rather
reserved
(保守的)
in
manner.
But
in
fact
some
people
in
western
countries
more
reserved
than
some
Chinese
today.
So
it
is
a
good
idea
to
shake
hands
with
a
westerner
only
when
he
shows
interest
in
further
relations
with
you.
65.
The
first
paragraph
mainly
tells
us
______.
A.
where
handshaking
was
first
practised
B.
how
handshaking
came
about
C.
about
the
relationship
between
handshaking
and
trade
D.
about
the
practice
of
handshaking
both
in
Europe
and
in
China
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。在文章第一段说明了握手的来历。实际上也就是谈论握手是怎样产生的。
67.
The
main
purpose
of
the
text
is
______.
A.
to
tell
us
some
differences
between
the
East
and
the
West
B.
to
offer
us
some
important
facts
about
handshaking
C.
to
introduce
us
to
some
different
customs
in
the
West
D.
to
give
us
some
advice
before
we
travel
abroad
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。本文没有明确主题句，中心主题隐含在全文之中。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了握手的一些具体情况。
4.
主题句出现在文章的中间
通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。
The
Sahara
Festival
is
a
celebration
of
the
very
recent
past.
The
three-day
event
is
not
fixed
to
the
same
dates
each
year,
but
generally
takes
place
in
November
or
December.
It
is
well
attended
by
tourists,
but
even
better
attended
by
locals.
During
the
opening
ceremonies,
after
the
official
greetings
from
the
government
leaders,
people
who
attend
the
festival
begin
to
march
smartly
before
the
viewing
stands,
and
white
camels
transport
their
riders
across
the
sands.
Horsemen
from
different
nations
display
their
beautiful
clothes
and
their
fine
horsemanship.
One
following
another,
groups
of
musicians
and
dancers
from
all
over
the
Sahara
take
their
turn
to
show
off
their
wonderful
traditional
culture.
Groups
of
men
in
blue
and
yellow
play
horns
and
beat
drums
as
they
dance
in
different
designs.
On
their
knees
in
the
sand,
a
group
of
women
in
long
dark
dresses
dance
with
their
hair:
their
long,
dark,
shiny
hair
is
thrown
back
and
forth
in
the
wind
to
the
rhythm
of
their
dance.
…
67.
This
passage
mainly
tells
readers_______.
A.
what
happens
on
the
opening
day
of
the
Sahara
Festival
B.
how
people
celebrate
during
the
three-day
Sahara
Festival
C.
what
takes
place
at
the
closing
ceremonies
of
the
Sahara
Festival
D.
how
animals
race
on
the
first
and
the
last
days
of
the
Sahara
Festival
【答案】A
【解析】从文中第二段第一句话“During
the
opening
ceremonies,”可以看出，本文主要是介绍“撒哈拉节”开幕式上的活动。答案选A。
怎样给阅读文章整体加注标题
——高度概括法
对文章主旨大意的考察，不仅可以直接以理解段落及文章的主旨大意的形式出现，而且也可以用选择或拟定文章标题的形式出现。因此，选择文章标题，首先可以按照主旨大意的确定方式，先弄清文章的主旨大意，再定标题。
标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它是段落中心思想最精练的表达形式。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。那么如何选择文章的标题呢？
首先，要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。一般要求能覆盖全文内容，体现文章主旨。要避免下列三种情况：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为脱离本文章内容的发挥）；③以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。
其次，要考虑标题的针对性，即标题范围要恰当，针对性强。要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系。既不能太大，也不能太小，太大则中心就不突出，太小也发挥不了应起的作用；精确度高，不能随意改变语言的表意程度及色彩。它可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。
再次要注意标题的醒目性，标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖，标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响了文章的可读性，读者常常从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍。故标题一般比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，以此来吸引读者对文章的兴趣。
最后要注意，要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方法。一般说来，拟定标题是以话题为核心，与控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句或中心思想的词组。比如某一文章的中心句为：CHINA
issued
the
first
set
of
stamps
depicting
the
top
128
Chinese
family
names
on
Thursday
Nov.
18th
2004
in
Beijing.
话题：Stamps
控制性概念：CHINA
issued
the
first
set
of
stamps
depicting
the
top
128
Chinese
family
names
标题：China
issued
1st
set
of
stamps
on
family
names
August
8,
was
Earth
Overshoot
Day.
Calculated
annually
by
the
environmental
advocacy(支持，拥护)
group,
Global
Footprint
Network
(GFN),
it
is
the
day
when
human
has
consumed
all
the
natural
resources
—
produce,
meat,
fish,
water,
and
wood
—
that
our
planet
can
regenerate(再生)
in
a
single
year.
This
means
that
for
the
rest
of
2016,
we
will
be
using
natural
resources
that
are
impossible
to
replace.
For
those
that
are
a
little
confused,
it
is
similar
to
spending
your
entire
year’s
allowance
by
August
and
then
borrowing
money
from
friends,
knowing
fully
well
that
you
cannot
repay
the
loan.
GFN
says
that
the
same
thing
happens
in
the
case
of
the
Earth.
The
date
of
Earth
Overshoot
Day
varies
each
year.
In
an
ideal,
fully
sustainable
world,
we
should
only
spend
what
we
have.
This
means
that
Earth
Overshoot
Day
would
fall
on
December
31,
or
perhaps
even
spill
into
the
following
year,
indicating
that
we
are
saving
some
resources
for
a
rainy
day.
That
did
happen
in
1961,
when
we
only
consumed
three-quarters
of
what
the
planet
produced.
Unfortunately,
the
day
has
been
going
up
rapidly
since
2014
when
it
fell
on
August
19.
In
2015,
it
was
August
13,
and
this
year,
the
earliest
so
far
—
August
8!
The
only
way
to
sustain
this
demand
would
be
to
have
1.6
earths,
which
as
we
all
know,
is
not
possible.
Fortunately,
experts
say
that
the
situation
is
not
as
grim
as
it
sounds.
Many
countries
are
already
taking
steps
to
reduce
carbon
emissions,
which
accounts
for
60%
of
our
ecological
footprint,
by
switching
to
solar
or
wind-generated
power.
Individuals
can
also
help
by
eating
less
meat,
walking,
biking,
or
taking
public
transportation,
as
well
as
adopting
the
three
R’s:
Reduce,
Reuse,
and
Recycle.
If
we
all
work
together,
we
can
help
push
back
Earth
Overshoot
Day
to
December
31,
or
even
beyond!
27.
What
is
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.
A
Warning:
Earth
Overshoot
Day
B.
A
Celebration:
Earth
Overshoot
Day
C.
A
Reminder:
Reduce,
Reuse,
and
Recycle
D.
An
Advertisement:
Global
Footprint
Network
【文章大意】本文是一篇环保类说明文。文章介绍了Earth
Overshoot
Day。今年在八月八号我们就已经消耗掉今年全年的可再生资源，接着又介绍了Earth
Overshoot
Day的计算方法。通过介绍Earth
Overshoot
Day，作者呼吁人们减少资源浪费。
【答案】
A
【解析】今年的Earth
Overshoot
Day是八月八号，即我们今年在八月八号就已经消耗掉我们今年全年的可再生资源。本文通过介绍Earth
Overshoot
Day告诉人们要减少资源浪费，所以最佳标题应是A项。
题组一
真题在线
Passage
1(2020·全国新高考Ⅰ.B)
Jenifer
Mauer
has
needed
more
willpower
than
the
typical
college
student
to
pursue
her
goal
of
earning
a
nursing
degree.
That
willpower
bore
fruit
when
Jennifer
graduated
from
University
of
Wisconsin-Eau
Claire
and
became
the
first
in
her
large
family
to
earn
a
bachelor's
degree.
Mauer,
of
Edgar,
Wisconsin,
grew
up
on
a
farm
in
a
family
of
10
children.
Her
dad
worked
at
a
job
away
from
the
farm,
and
her
mother
ran
the
farm
with
the
kids.
After
high
school,
Jennifer
attended
a
local
technical
college,
working
to
pay
her
tuition(学费),
because
there
was
no
extra
money
set
aside
for
a
college
education.
After
graduation,
she
worked
to
help
her
sisters
and
brothers
pay
for
their
schooling.
Jennifer
now
is
married
and
has
three
children
of
her
own.
She
decided
to
go
back
to
college
to
advance
her
career
and
to
be
able
to
better
support
her
family
while
doing
something
she
loves:
nursing.
She
chose
the
UW-Eau
Claire
program
at
Ministry
Saint
Joseph's
Hospital
in
Marshfield
because
she
was
able
to
pursue
her
four-year
degree
close
to
home.
She
could
drive
to
class
and
be
home
in
the
evening
to
help
with
her
kids.
Jenifer
received
great
support
from
her
family
as
she
worked
to
earn
her
degree:
Her
husband
worked
two
jobs
to
cover
the
bills,
and
her
68-year-old
mother
helped
take
care
of
the
children
at
times.
Through
it
all,
she
remained
in
good
academic
standing
and
graduated
with
honors.
Jennifer
sacrificed(牺牲)to
achieve
her
goal,
giving
up
many
nights
with
her
kids
and
missing
important
events
to
study.
''Some
nights
my
heart
was
breaking
to
have
to
pick
between
my
kids
and
studying
for
exams
or
papers,''
she
says.
However,
her
children
have
learned
an
important
lesson
witnessing
their
mother
earn
her
degree.
Jennifer
is
a
first-generation
graduate
and
an
inspiration
to
her
family-and
that's
pretty
powerful.
4.
What
did
Jennifer
do
after
high
school?
A.
She
helped
her
dad
with
his
work.
B.
She
ran
the
family
farm
on
her
own.
C.
She
supported
herself
through
college.
D.
She
taught
her
sisters
and
brothers
at
home.
5.
Why
did
Jennifer
choose
the
program
at
Ministry
Saint
Joseph's
Hospital
in
Marshfield?
A.
To
take
care
of
her
kids
easily.
B.
To
learn
from
the
best
nurses.
C.
To
save
money
for
her
parents.
D.
To
find
a
well-paid
job
there.
6.
What
did
Jennifer
sacrifice
to
achieve
her
goal?
A.
Her
health.
B.
Her
time
with
family.
C.
Her
reputation.
D.
Her
chance
of
promotion.
7.
What
can
we
learn
from
Jenifer's
story?
A.
Time
is
money.
B.
Love
breaks
down
barriers.
C.
Hard
work
pays
off.
D.
Education
is
the
key
to
success.
【答案】
4.
C
5.
A
6.
B
7.
C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。
4.
细节理解题。根据第二段的After
high
school,
Jennifer
attended
a
local
technical
college,
working
to
pay
her
tuition,
because
there
was
no
extra
money
set
aside
for
a
college
education.(高中毕业后，Jennifer上了一所当地的技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育)可知，高中毕业后Jennifer通过自己挣钱来完成大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。C.
She
supported
herself
through
college.(她自食其力读完了大学)符合以上说法，故选C项。
5.
细节理解题。根据第三段的She
chose
the
UW-Eau
Claire
program
at
Misnistry
Saint
Joseph’s
Hospital
in
Marshfield
because
she
was
able
to
pursue
her
four-year
degree
close
to
home.
She
could
drive
to
class
and
be
home
in
the
evening
to
help
with
her
kids.(她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau
Claire项目，因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子)可知，Jennifer选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau
Claire项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。A.
To
take
care
of
her
kids
easily.(为了方便照顾她的孩子)符合以上说法，故选A项。
6.
细节理解题。根据最后一段的Jennifer
sacrificed
to
achieve
her
goal,
giving
up
many
nights
with
her
kids
and
missing
important
events
to
study.(Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待在一起的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动)可知，为了实现自己的目标Jennifer放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。B.
Her
time
with
family.(她与家人的时光)符合以上说法，故选B项。
7.
推理判断题。根据最后一段的Through
it
all,
she
remind
in
good
academic
standing
and
graduated
with
honors.(虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业)和However,
her
children
have
learned
an
important
lesson
witnessing
their
mother
earn
her
degree.
Jennifer
is
a
first-generation
graduate
and
an
inspiration
to
her
family-and
that’s
the
pretty
powerful.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励--这是非常强大的。)可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到:努力总会有回报。C.
Hard
work
pays
off.(努力会得到回报)符合以上说法，故选C项。
Passage
2
（(2020·全国新高考Ⅰ.C)
According
to
a
recent
study
in
the
Journal
of
Consumer
Research,
both
the
size
and
consumption
habits
of
our
eating
companions
can
influence
our
food
intake.
And
contrary
to
existing
research
that
says
you
should
avoid
eating
with
heavier
people
who
order
large
portions(份),
it's
the
beanpoles
with
big
appetites
you
really
need
to
avoid.
To
test
the
effect
of
social
influence
on
eating
habits,
the
researchers
conducted
two
experiments.
In
the
first,
95
undergraduate
women
were
individually
invited
into
a
lab
to
ostensibly(表面上)participate
in
a
study
about
movie
viewership.
Before
the
film
began,
each
woman
was
asked
to
help
herself
to
a
snack.
An
actor
hired
by
the
researchers
grabbed
her
food
first.
In
her
natural
state,
the
actor
weighed
105
pounds.
But
in
half
the
cases
she
wore
a
specially
designed
fat
suit
which
increased
her
weight
to
180
pounds.
Both
the
fat
and
thin
versions
of
the
actor
took
a
large
amount
of
food.
The
participants
followed
suit,
taking
more
food
than
they
normally
would
have.
However,
they
took
significantly
more
when
the
actor
was
thin.
For
the
second
test,
in
one
case
the
thin
actor
took
two
pieces
of
candy
from
the
snack
bowls.
In
the
other
case,
she
took
30
pieces.
The
results
were
similar
to
the
first
test:
the
participants
followed
suit
but
took
significantly
more
candy
when
the
thin
actor
took
30
pieces.
The
tests
show
that
the
social
environment
is
extremely
influential
when
we're
making
decisions.
If
this
fellow
participant
is
going
to
eat
more,
so
will
I.
Call
it
the
“I’ll
have
what
she's
having”
effect.
However,
we'll
adjust
the
influence.
If
an
overweight
person
is
having
a
large
portion,
I'll
hold
back
a
bit
because
I
see
the
results
of
his
eating
habits.
But
if
a
thin
person
eats
a
lot,
I'll
follow
suit.
If
he
can
eat
much
and
keep
slim,
why
can't
I?
12.
What
is
the
recent
study
mainly
about?
A.
Food
safety.
B.
Movie
viewership.
C.
Consumer
demand.
D.
Eating
behavior.
13.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“beanpoles”
in
paragraph
1
refer
to?
A.
Big
eaters.
B.
Overweight
persons.
C.
Picky
eaters.
D.
Tall
thin
persons.
14.
Why
did
the
researchers
hire
the
actor?
A.
To
see
how
she
would
affect
the
participants.
B.
To
test
if
the
participants
could
recognize
her.
C.
To
find
out
what
she
would
do
in
the
two
tests.
D.
To
study
why
she
could
keep
her
weight
down.
15.
On
what
basis
do
we
“adjust
the
influence”
according
to
the
last
paragraph?
A.
How
hungry
we
are.
B.
How
slim
we
want
to
be.
C.
How
we
perceive
others.
D.
How
we
feel
about
the
food.
【答案】
12.
D
13.
D
14.
A
15.
C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。文章详述了这个实验的过程。
12.
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According
to
a
recent
study
in
the
Journal
of
Consumer
Research,
both
the
size
and
consumption
habits
of
our
eating
companions
can
influence
our
food
intake”可知，根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。
13.
词义猜测题。根据前半句“And
contrary
to
existing
research
that
says
you
should
avoid
eating
with
heavier
people
who
order
large
portions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the
beanpoles
with
big
appetites。由contrary
to可推断出，画线词和heavier
people（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier
people正好相反。故选D。
14.
推理判断题。根据第二段的“To
test
the
effect
of
social
influence
on
eating
habits,
the
researchers
conducted
two
experiments”可知，
为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。
然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。
15.
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If
an
overweight
person
is
having
a
large
portion,
I’ll
hold
back
a
bit
because
I
see
the
results
of
his
eating
habits.
But
if
a
thin
person
eats
a
lot,
I’ll
follow
suit.
If
he
can
eat
much
and
keep
slim,
why
can’t
I?
”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？
因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。
Passage
3
(2020·新课标II卷，B)
Some
parents
will
buy
any
high-tech
toy
if
they
think
it
will
help
their
child,
but
researchers
said
puzzles
help
children
with
math-related
skills.
Psychologist
Susan
Levine,
an
expert
on
mathematics
development
in
young
children
the
University
of
Chicago,
found
children
who
play
with
puzzles
between
ages
2
and
4
later
develop
better
spatial
skills.
Puzzle
play
was
found
to
be
a
significant
predictor
of
cognition(认知)
after
controlling
for
differences
in
parents’
income,
education
and
the
amount
of
parent
talk,
Levine
said.
The
researchers
analyzed
video
recordings
of
53
child-parent
pairs
during
everyday
activities
at
home
and
found
children
who
play
with
puzzles
between
26
and
46
months
of
age
have
better
spatial
skills
when
assessed
at
54
months
of
age.
“The
children
who
played
with
puzzles
performed
better
than
those
who
did
not,
on
tasks
that
assessed
their
ability
to
rotate(旋转)and
translate
shapes,”
Levine
said
in
a
statement.
The
parents
were
asked
to
interact
with
their
children
as
they
normally
would,
and
about
half
of
children
in
the
study
played
with
puzzles
at
one
time.
Higher-income
parents
tended
to
have
children
play
with
puzzles
more
frequently,
and
both
boys
and
girls
who
played
with
puzzles
had
better
spatial
skills.
However,
boys
tended
to
play
with
more
complex
puzzles
than
girls,
and
the
parents
of
boys
provided
more
spatial
language
and
were
more
active
during
puzzle
play
than
parents
of
girls.
The
findings
were
published
in
the
journal
Developmental
Science.
24.
In
which
aspect
do
children
benefit
from
puzzle
play?
A.
Building
confidence.
B.
Developing
spatial
skills.
C.
Learning
self-control.
D.
Gaining
high-tech
knowledge.
25.
What
did
Levine
take
into
consideration
when
designing
her
experiment？
A.
Parents’
age.
B.
Children’s
imagination.
C.
Parents’
education.
D.
Child-parent
relationship.
26.
How
do
boy
differ
from
girls
in
puzzle
play?
A.
They
play
with
puzzles
more
often.
B.
They
tend
to
talk
less
during
the
game.
C.
They
prefer
to
use
more
spatial
language.
D.
They
are
likely
to
play
with
tougher
puzzles.
27.
What
is
the
text
mainly
about?
A.
A
mathematical
method.
B.
A
scientific
study.
C.
A
woman
psychologist
D.
A
teaching
program.
【答案】
24.
B
25.
C
26.
D
27.
B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。
24.
细节理解题。根据第二段中…found
children
who
play
with
puzzles
between
ages
2
and
4
develop
better
spatial
skill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B.
Developing
spatial
skills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。
25.
细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzle
play
was
found
to
be
a
significant
predictor
of
cognition
after
controlling
for
difference
in
parents'
income,
education
and
the
amount
of
parent
talk,
Levine
said.(
Levine说，在父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数方面控制差异性之后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C.
Parents'
education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。
26.
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However,
boys
tended
to
play
with
more
complex
puzzles
than
girls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D.
They
are
likely
to
play
with
tougher
puzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。
27.
主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B.
A
scientific
study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。
Passage
4(2020·天津卷.B)
“They
tell
me
that
you’d
like
to
make
a
statue(塑像)
of
me-is
that
correct,
Miss
Vinnie
Ream?”
The
deep,
gentle
voice
helped
calm
the
nervous
girl.
Asking
a
favor
of
the
President
of
the
United
States
was
no
casual
matter,
especially
for
a
seventeen-year-old
girl.
“Yes,
sir,”
she
replied,
her
dark
eyes
meeting
his.
“I
wouldn’t
have
duo
ask
you,
but
my
teacher,
Mr.
Mills,
says
I
am
ready.
I
plan
to
make
it
in
an
admirable
manner.
“
President
Lincoln
smiled.
“Painters,
sculptors-they’ve
all
tried
to
make
the
best
of
this
ordinary
face,
but
I’m
afraid
there’s
not
much
hope.
What
did
you
have
in
mind,
Miss
Ream?
A
bust(半身像)?”
Before
Vinnie
could
say
yes,
the
President
hurried
on,
a
shade
of
apology
in
his
voice.
“Of
course-I
shouldn’t
have
asked.
A
full-length
pose
would
be
much
too
big
a
project
for
a
young
woman
your
size.
“
Vinnie’s
face
turned
red.
She
realized
she
looked
like
a
child,
with
her
tiny
figure.
“Small
does
not
mean
weak,
sir,”
she
defended
herself.
“I
was
born
in
the
country
of
Wisconsin.
I’ve
driven
teams
of
horses
and
carried
water.
Making
a
full-length
clay(粘土)
figure
would
not
exhaust
my
strength-and
that
is
what
I
intend
to
do!”
The
President’s
eyes,
brightened
at
her
show
of
spirit.
“Sorry,
madam,
I
have
underestimated
you
as
I
didn’t
know
your
background.”
But
his
smile
faded
as
he
rubbed
his
beard
with
bony
fingers,
in
thought.
“Miss
Ream,”
he
sighed,
“I’d
like
to
let
you
do
it,
but
as
you
know,
we
are
in
the
middle
of
a
war.
How
could
I
possibly
take
the
time
to
pose
for
a
sculpture
now?
I
hardly
have
a
minute
to
myself.”
Vinnie
glanced
around
and
noted
the
size
of
his
office.
“I
work
quickly,”
she
said.
Her
voice
was
soft
but
confident
as
she
pointed
to
the
corner
near
the
windows.
“If
I
were
to
bring
my
clay
here
and
work
for
three
hours
every
afternoon,
I
could
complete
most
of
the
project
while
you
are
at
your
desk.”
The
President
seemed
to
consider
her
idea
seriously.
He
got
up
and
shook
Vinnie’s
hand
warmly,
“I’ve
heard
that
you
are
a
talented
young
woman,
and
I
have
found
you
charming
and
intelligent
as
well.
I
cannot
make
my
decision
immediately,
but
you
will
hear
from
me
soon.”
The
very
next
day,
Vinnie
received
an
invitation
from
the
President.
41.
What
gave
Vinnie
confidence
to
make
her
request
of
President
Lincoln?
A.
Her
aggressive
personality.
B.
Mr.
Mills’s
encouraging
remark.
C.
President
Lincoln’s
gentle
voice.
D.
Her
interest
in
a
challenging
job.
42.
How
did
President
Lincoln
first
respond
to
Vinnie’s
request?
A.
Pleased.
B.
Thrilled.
C.
Regretful.
D.
Doubtful.
43.
Vinnie
confirmed
her
ability
to
make
a
full-length
statue
by
highlighting
______.
A.
her
experience
from
other
projects
B.
her
innocent
childhood
in
the
country
C.
the
heavy
labor
she
had
done
before
D.
the
skill
she
picked
up
in
Wisconsin
44.
Vinnie
wanted
to
choose
the
corner
near
the
windows
to
______.
A.
achieve
effects
of
natural
lighting
B.
keep
all
her
tools
within
easy
reach
C.
observe
the
President
at
a
right
angle
D.
avoid
disturbing
the
president’s
work
45.
What
message
does
the
story
convey?
A.
A
strong-willed
soul
can
reach
his
goal.
B.
Experience
helps
to
promote
excellence.
C.
Ups
and
downs
make
one
strong.
D.
Devotion
requires
enthusiasm.
【答案】
41.
B
42.
D
43.
C
44.
D
45.
A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了Vinnie
Ream向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。
41.
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I
wouldn't
have
dared
to
ask
you,
but
my
teacher,
Mr.
Mills,
says
I
am
ready.
I
plan
to
make
it
in
an
admirable
manner.
“可知，我本来不敢问你，但我的老师Mills先生说我准备好了。我打算用一种令人钦佩的方式来做这件事。由此可知，Mills先生的话给了Vinnie向林肯总统提出要求的底气。故选B。
42.
推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Of
course-
I
shouldn't
have
asked.
A
full-length
pose
would
be
much
too
big
a
project
for
a
young
woman
your
size.”可知，当然-我不应该问的。对于你这种身材的年轻女性来说，全身雕像太大了。由此可推知，林肯总统首先对Vinnie的请求表示怀疑。故选D。
43.
细节理解题。根据第六段中的“I've
driven
teams
of
horses
and
carried
water.
Making
a
full-length
clay
figure
would
not
exhaust
my
strength-and
this
is
what
I
intend
to
do!”可知，我赶过马队，提过水。做一个全身雕像不会耗尽我的力量-我还正想这样呢！此可知，Vinnie通过强调她以前所做的繁重劳动，证实了她有能力制作一个全身雕像。故选C。
44.
推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的“Miss
Ream,”
he
sighed,
“I'd
like
to
let
you
do
it,
but
as
you
know,
we
are
in
the
middle
of
a
war.
How
could
I
possibly
take
the
time
to
pose
for
a
sculpture
now?
I
hardly
have
a
minute
to
myself.
“可知，总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像。根据倒数第三段中的“Vinnie
glanced
around
and
noted
the
size
of
his
office.
“I
work
quickly,”
she
said.
Her
voice
was
soft
but
confident
as
she
pointed
to
the
corner
near
the
windows.
“If
I
were
to
bring
my
clay
here
and
work
for
three
hours
every
afternoon,
I
could
complete
most
of
the
project
while
you
are
at
your
desk.”可知，Vinnie环顾四周，注意到了他办公室的大小。“我干得很快，”她说。她指着靠近窗户的那个角落，声音柔和而自信。“如果我把我的粘土带到这里来，每天下午工作三个小时，我就可以在你办公的时候完成大部分的项目。”由此可推知，上文中总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像，于是Vinnie想选择靠近窗户的角落，是为了避免干扰总统的工作。故选D。
45.
推理判断题。根据文章主要记叙了Vinnie
Ream向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。由此可推知，这个故事表达了意志坚强的人能达到目标的思想。故选A。
Passage
5（2020·新课标全国卷Ⅰ，D）
According
to
a
recent
study
in
the
Journal
of
Consumer
Research,
both
the
size
and
consumption
habits
of
our
eating
companions
can
influence
our
food
intake.
And
contrary
to
existing
research
that
says
you
should
avoid
eating
with
heavier
people
who
order
large
portions(份),
it's
the
beanpoles
with
big
appetites
you
really
need
to
avoid.
To
test
the
effect
of
social
influence
on
eating
habits,
the
researchers
conducted
two
experiments.
In
the
first,
95
undergraduate
women
were
individually
invited
into
a
lab
to
ostensibly(表面上)participate
in
a
study
about
movie
viewership.
Before
the
film
began,
each
woman
was
asked
to
help
herself
to
a
snack.
An
actor
hired
by
the
researchers
grabbed
her
food
first.
In
her
natural
state,
the
actor
weighed
105
pounds.
But
in
half
the
cases
she
wore
a
specially
designed
fat
suit
which
increased
her
weight
to
180
pounds.
Both
the
fat
and
thin
versions
of
the
actor
took
a
large
amount
of
food.
The
participants
followed
suit,
taking
more
food
than
they
normally
would
have.
However,
they
took
significantly
more
when
the
actor
was
thin.
For
the
second
test,
in
one
case
the
thin
actor
took
two
pieces
of
candy
from
the
snack
bowls.
In
the
other
case,
she
took
30
pieces.
The
results
were
similar
to
the
first
test:
the
participants
followed
suit
but
took
significantly
more
candy
when
the
thin
actor
took
30
pieces.
The
tests
show
that
the
social
environment
is
extremely
influential
when
we're
making
decisions.
If
this
fellow
participant
is
going
to
eat
more,
so
will
I.
Call
it
the
“I’ll
have
what
she's
having”
effect.
However,
we'll
adjust
the
influence.
If
an
overweight
person
is
having
a
large
portion,
I'll
hold
back
a
bit
because
I
see
the
results
of
his
eating
habits.
But
if
a
thin
person
eats
a
lot,
I'll
follow
suit.
If
he
can
eat
much
and
keep
slim,
why
can't
I?
12.
What
is
the
recent
study
mainly
about?
A.
Food
safety.
B.
Movie
viewership.
C.
Consumer
demand.
D.
Eating
behavior.
13.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“beanpoles”
in
paragraph
1
refer
to?
A.
Big
eaters.
B.
Overweight
persons.
C.
Picky
eaters.
D.
Tall
thin
persons.
14.
Why
did
the
researchers
hire
the
actor?
A.
To
see
how
she
would
affect
the
participants.
B.
To
test
if
the
participants
could
recognize
her.
C.
To
find
out
what
she
would
do
in
the
two
tests.
D.
To
study
why
she
could
keep
her
weight
down.
15.
On
what
basis
do
we
“adjust
the
influence”
according
to
the
last
paragraph?
A.
How
hungry
we
are.
B.
How
slim
we
want
to
be.
C.
How
we
perceive
others.
D.
How
we
feel
about
the
food.
【答案】
12.
D
13.
D
14.
A
15.
C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。文章详述了这个实验的过程。
12.
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According
to
a
recent
study
in
the
Journal
of
Consumer
Research,
both
the
size
and
consumption
habits
of
our
eating
companions
can
influence
our
food
intake”可知，根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。
13.
词义猜测题。根据前半句“And
contrary
to
existing
research
that
says
you
should
avoid
eating
with
heavier
people
who
order
large
portions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the
beanpoles
with
big
appetites。由contrary
to可推断出，画线词和heavier
people（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier
people正好相反。故选D。
14.
推理判断题。根据第二段的“To
test
the
effect
of
social
influence
on
eating
habits,
the
researchers
conducted
two
experiments”可知，
为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。
然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。
15.
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If
an
overweight
person
is
having
a
large
portion,
I’ll
hold
back
a
bit
because
I
see
the
results
of
his
eating
habits.
But
if
a
thin
person
eats
a
lot,
I’ll
follow
suit.
If
he
can
eat
much
and
keep
slim,
why
can’t
I?
”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？
因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。
Passage
6（2020·全国卷Ⅱ.C）
When
you
were
trying
to
figure
out
what
to
buy
for
the
environmentalist
on
your
holiday
list,
fur
probably
didn’t
cross
your
mind.
But
some
ecologists
and
fashion
(时装)enthusiasts
are
trying
to
bring
back
the
market
for
fur
made
from
nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual
fashion
shows
in
New
Orleans
and
Brooklyn
have(showcased)nutria
fur
made
into
clothes
in
different
styles.
“It
sounds
crazy
to
talk
about
guilt-free
fur-unless
you
understand
that
the
nutria
are
destroying
vast
wetlands
every
year”,
says
Cree
McCree,
project
director
of
Righteous
Fur.
Scientists
in
Louisiana
were
so
concerned
that
they
decided
to
pay
hunters
$5
a
tail.
Some
of
the
fur
ends
up
in
the
fashion
shows
like
the
one
in
Brooklyn
last
month.
Nutria
were
brought
there
from
Argentina
by
fur
farmers
and
let
go
into
the
wild.
“The
ecosystem
down
there
can’t
handle
this
non-native
species(物种).It’s
destroying
the
environment.
It’s
them
or
us.”
says
Michael
Massimi,
an
expert
in
this
field.
The
fur
trade
kept
nutria
check
for
decades，but
when
the
market
for
nutria
collapsed
in
the
late
1980s，the
cat-sized
animals
multiplied
like
crazy.
Biologist
Edmond
Mouton
runs
the
nutria
control
program
for
Louisiana.
He
says
it’s
not
easy
to
convince
people
that
nutria
fur
is
green,
but
he
has
no
doubt
about
it.
Hunters
bring
in
more
than
300,000
nutria
tails
a
year,
so
part
of
Mouton’s
job
these
days
is
trying
to
promote
fur.
Then
there’s
Righteous
Fur
and
its
unusual
fashion.
Model
Paige
Morgan
says，”To
give
people
a
guilt-free
option
that
they
can
wear
without
someone
throwing
paint
on
them-1
think
that’s
going
to
be
a
massive
thing,
at
least
here
in
New
York.”
Designer
Jennifer
Anderson
admits
it
took
her
a
while
to
come
around
to
the
opinion
that
using
nutria
fur
for
her
creations
is
morally
acceptable.
She
trying
to
come
up
with
a
lable
to
attach
to
nutria
fashions
to
show
it
is
eco-friendly.
28.
What
is
the
purpose
of
the
fashion
shows
in
New
Orleans
and
Brooklyn?
A.
To
promote
guilt-free
fur.
B.
To
expand
the
fashion
market.
C.
To
introduce
a
new
brand.
D.
To
celebrate
a
winter
holiday.
29.
Why
are
scientists
concerned
about
nutria?
A.
Nutria
damage
the
ecosystem
seriously.
B.
Nutria
are
an
endangered
species.
C.
Nutria
hurt
local
cat-sized
animals.
D.
Nutria
are
illegally
hunted.
30.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“collapsed”
in
paragraph
5
probably
mean?
A.
Boomed.
B.
Became
mature.
C.
Remained
stable.
D.
Crashed.
31.
What
can
we
infer
abouf
wearing
fur
in
New
York
according
to
Morgan?
A.
It’s
formal.
B.
It’s
risky.
C.
It’s
harmful.
D.
It’s
traditional.
【答案】
28.
A
29.
A
30.
D
31.
B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。
28.
推理判断题。根据第二段Unusual
fashion
shows
in
New
Orleans
and
Brooklyn
have
showcased
nutria
fur
made
into
clothes
in
different
styles.
“It
sounds
crazy
to
talk
about
guilt-free
fur-unless
you
understand
that
the
nutria
are
destroying
vast
wetlands
every
year,”says
Cree
McCree,
project
director
of
Righteous
Fur.得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监Cree
McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。
29.
推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists
in
Louisiana
were
so
concerned
that
they
decided
to
pay
hunters
$5
a
tail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。
30.
词义猜测题。根据第五段The
fur
trade
kept
nutria
in
check
for
decades,
but
when
the
market
for
nutria
collapsed
in
the
late
1980s,the
cat-sized
animals
multiplied
like
crazy.
得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed
是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。
31.
推理判断题。根据第二段Model
Paige
Morgan
says,
“To
give
people
a
guilt
–free
option
that
they
can
wear
without
someone
throwing
paint
on
them-I
think
that’s
going
to
be
a
massive
thing,
at
least
in
New
York.
”
得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。
Passage7
(2020.天津卷.D)
After
years
of
observing
human
nature,
I
have
decided
that
two
qualities
make
the
difference
between
men
of
great
achievement
and
men
of
average
performance
curiosity
and
discontent.
I
have
never
known
an
outstanding
man
who
lacked
either.
And
I
have
never
known
an
average
man
who
had
both.
The
two
belong
together.
Together,
these
deep
human
urges
(驱策力)
count
for
much
more
that
ambition.
Galileo
was
not
merely
ambitious
when
he
dropped
objects
of
varying
weights
from
the
Leaning
Tower
at
Pisa
and
timed
their
fall
to
the
ground.
Like
Galileo,
all
the
great
names
in
history
were
curious
and
asked
in
discontent,
“Why?
Why?
Why?”
Fortunately,
curiosity
and
discontent
don’t
have
to
be
learned.
We
are
born
with
them
and
need
only
recapture
them.
“The
great
man,”
said
Mencius
(孟子),
“is
he
who
does
not
lose
his
child’s
heart.”
Yet
most
of
us
do
lose
it.
We
stop
asking
questions.
We
stop
challenging
custom.
We
just
follow
the
crowd.
And
the
crowd
desires
restful
average.
It
encourages
us
to
occupy
our
own
little
corner,
to
avoid
foolish
leaps
into
the
dark,
to
be
satisfied.
Most
of
us
meet
new
people,
and
new
ideas,
with
hesitation.
But
once
having
met
and
liked
them,
we
think
how
terrible
it
would
have
been,
had
we
missed
the
chance.
We
will
probably
have
to
force
ourselves
to
waken
our
curiosity
and
discontent
and
keep
them
awake.
How
should
you
start?
Modestly,
so
as
not
to
become
discouraged.
I
think
of
one
friend
who
couldn’t
arrange
flowers
to
satisfy
herself.
She
was
curious
about
how
the
experts
did
it.
How
she
is
one
of
the
experts,
writing
books
on
flower
arrangement.
One
way
to
begin
is
to
answer
your
own
excuses.
You
haven’t
any
special
ability?
Most
people
don’t;
there
are
only
a
few
geniuses.
You
haven’t
any
time?
That’s
good,
because
it’s
always
the
people
with
no
time
who
get
things
done.
Harriet
Stowe,
mother
of
six,
wrote
parts
of
Uncle
Tom’s
Cabin
while
cooking.
You’re
too
old?
Remember
that
Thomas
Costain
was
57
when
he
published
his
first
novel,
and
that
Grandma
Moses
showed
her
first
pictures
when
she
was
78.
However
you
start,
remember
there
is
no
better
time
to
start
than
right
now,
for
you’ll
never
be
more
alive
than
you
are
at
this
moment.
51.
In
writing
Paragraph
1,
the
author
aims
to
________.
A.
propose
a
definition
B.
make
a
comparison
C.
reach
a
conclusion
D.
present
an
argument
52.
What
does
the
example
of
Galileo
tell
us?
A.
Trial
and
error
leads
to
the
finding
of
truth.
B.
Scientists
tend
to
be
curious
and
ambitious.
C.
Creativity
results
from
challenging
authority.
D.
Greatness
comes
from
a
lasting
desire
to
explore.
53.
What
can
you
do
to
recapture
curiosity
and
discontent?
A.
Observe
the
unknown
around
you.
B.
Develop
a
questioning
mind.
C.
Lead
a
life
of
adventure.
D.
Follow
the
fashion.
54.
What
can
we
learn
from
Paragraphs
6
and
7?
A.
Gaining
success
helps
you
become
an
expert.
B.
The
genius
tends
to
get
things
done
creatively.
C.
Lack
of
talent
and
time
is
no
reason
for
taking
no
action.
D.
You
should
remain
modest
when
approaching
perfection.
55.
What
could
be
the
best
tile
or
the
passage?
A.
Curious
Minds
Never
Feel
Contented
B.
Reflections
on
Human
Nature
C.
The
Keys
to
Achievement
D.
Never
Too
Late
to
Learn
【答案】
51.
D
52.
D
53.
B
54.
C
55.
C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。
51.
推理判断题。根据第一段内容After
years
of
observing
human
nature,
I
have
decided
that
two
qualities
make
the
difference
between
men
of
great
achievement
and
men
of
average
performance
curiosity
and
discontent.
I
have
never
known
an
outstanding
man
who
lacked
either.
And
I
have
never
known
an
average
man
who
had
both.
The
two
belong
together.可知，作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。
52.
推理判断题。根据第二段中的Like
Galileo,
all
the
great
names
in
history
were
curious
and
asked
in
discontent,
“Why?
Why?
Why?”可知，像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告诉我们，伟大来自于持久的探索欲望。故选D。
53.
细节理解题。根据第二段中的Like
Galileo,
all
the
great
names
in
history
were
curious
and
asked
in
discontent,
“Why?
Why?
Why?”及第四段中的“The
great
man,”
said
Mencius
(孟子),
“is
he
who
does
not
lose
his
child’s
heart.”
Yet
most
of
us
do
lose
it.
We
stop
asking
questions.
We
stop
challenging
custom.
We
just
follow
the
crowd.可知，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”孟子认为“不失去孩子的心，就是伟大的人。”然而，我们大多数人确实失去了它。我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战习俗。我们只是随大流。由此可知，你可以通过培养了一个善于提问的头脑，来重新获得好奇心和不满。故选B。
54.
推理判断题。根据第六段中的How
she
is
one
of
the
experts,
writing
books
on
flower
arrangement.及第七段中的You
haven’t
any
special
ability?
Most
people
don’t;
there
are
only
a
few
geniuses.
You
haven’t
any
time?
That’s
good,
because
it’s
always
the
people
with
no
time
who
get
things
done.以及列举了Thomas
Costain在57岁时出版了他的第一部小说，Grandma
Moses在78岁时展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，这两段想告诉我们“缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由”。故选C。
55.
主旨大意题。根据第一段内容After
years
of
observing
human
nature,
I
have
decided
that
two
qualities
make
the
difference
between
men
of
great
achievement
and
men
of
average
performance
curiosity
and
discontent.
I
have
never
known
an
outstanding
man
who
lacked
either.
And
I
have
never
known
an
average
man
who
had
both.
The
two
belong
together.及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。由此可知，C项The
Keys
to
Achievement(成就的关键)适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。
题组二
名校模拟
Passage
1
Music
icon
Bob
Dylan
will
not
attend
the
Nobel
ceremony
in
December
because
he
has
other
commitments,
the
Swedish
Academy
said
on
Wednesday.
"The
Swedish
Academy
received
a
personal
letter
from
Bob
Dylan
yesterday
where
he
explained
that
he
could
not
make
himself
available
in
December...,"
it
said
in
a
statement.
"He
wishes
that
he
could
accept
the
award
personally,
but
other
commitments
make?it
unfortunately
impossible.
He
underlined
that
he
felt
incredibly
honored
by
the
Nobel
Prize,"
it
added.
The
Swedish
Academy
said
it
respected
Dylan’s
decision,
but
that
it
was
"unusual"
for
a
Nobel
laureate
not
to
come
to
Stockholm
to
accept
the
award
in
person.
Nobel
laureates
are
honored
every
year
on
December
10
—
the
death
anniversary
of
the
prize’s
founder
Alfred
Nobel,
a
Swedish
industrialist,
inventor
and
philanthropist.
Several
other
literature
prize
winners
have
skipped
the
Nobel
ceremony
in
the
past
for
various
reasons
—
British
writer
Doris
Lessing
on
grounds
of
ill
health,
British
playwright
Harold
Pinter
because
he
was
hospitalized
and
Austrian
playwright
and
novelist
Elfriede
Jelinek
due
to
social
phobia.
"We
look
forward
to
Bob
Dylan’s
Nobel
lecture,
which
he
must
carry
out
—
it
is
the
only
requirement
—
within
six
months
starting
from
December
10,
2016,"
the
academy
said.
1．What
does
the
underlined
word
"it"
in
Paragraph
3
refer
to?
A.receiving
a
personal
letter
B.expressing
himself
in
a
statement
C.feeling
honored
by
the
award
D.accepting
the
award
personally
2．What
is
the
Swedish
Academy's
attitude
towards
Bob
Dylan’s
decision?
A.supportive
B.opposite
C.indifferent
D.tolerant
3．What
is
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
A.The
Nobel
Prize
Goes
to
Music
Icon
Bob
Dylan
B.Laureate
Bob
Dylan
Will
Be
Absent
for
the
Nobel
Ceremony
C.Bob
Dylan
—
a
Music
Icon
Who
Won
the
Nobel
Prize
D.A
Great
Anniversary
Event
—
the
Nobel
Ceremony
4．According
to
the
passage,
which
of
the
following
is
true?
A.Bob
Dylan
informed
the
Swedish
Academy
of
his
absence
by
telephone.
B.The
Nobel
ceremony
is
in
memory
of
the
birth
of
the
prize’s
founder.
C.Elfriede
skipped
the
Nobel
ceremony
because
of
physical
illness.
D.According
to
the
Swedish
Academy,
the
deadline
of
Dylan’s
lecture
is
June
10,
2017.
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了2016年诺贝尔文学奖的获得者Bob
Dylan缺席颁奖仪式的故事。
1．D
【解析】代词指代题。根据第三段的"He
wishes
that
he
could
accept
the
award
personally"可推知,此处的it代指的是亲自去领奖。
2．D
【解析】观点态度题。根据第三段的"The
Swedish
Academy
said
it
respected
Dylan’s
decision,
but
that
it
was
‘unusual’
for
a
Nobel
laureate
not
to
come
to
Stockholm
to
accept
the
award
in
person."可知,瑞典文学院对Dylan的缺席表示尊重。A项意为"支持的",B项意为"相反的",C项意为"漠不关心",均与文章中瑞典文学院对Dylan缺席领奖的态度不符,故排除。
3．B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段"Music
icon
Bob
Dylan
will
not
attend
the
Nobel
ceremony
in
December
because
he
has
other
commitments,
the
Swedish
Academy
said
on
Wednesday."可推知,本文是一篇新闻报道,主要介绍了2016年诺贝尔文学奖获得者Bob
Dylan缺席颁奖仪式的事件。
4．D
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段"‘We
look
forward
to
Bob
Dylan’s
Nobel
lecture,
which
he
must
carry
out
—
it
is
the
only
requirement
—
within
six
months
starting
from
December
10,
2016,’
the
academy
said."可知，Bob
Dylan演讲的最后期限是2017年6月10号。根据第二段的"The
Swedish
Academy
received
a
personal
letter
from
Bob
Dylan
yesterday"可知，Bob
Dylan是通过信件来告知瑞典文学院自己将缺席颁奖仪式的，而不是电话；根据第三段的"Nobel
laureates
are
honored
every
year
on
December
10
—
the
death
anniversary
of
the
prize's
founder
Alfred
Nobel"可知，诺贝尔奖颁奖仪式的举行日是Alfred
Nobel逝世的日子，而不是诞辰；根据第四段的"Austrian
playwright
and
novelist
Elfriede
Jelinek
due
to
social
phobia"可知，Elfriede
Jelinek缺席是因为社交恐惧症，这是一种精神疾病，而不是身体疾病。
Passage
2
The
game
King
of
Glory,
which
is
produced
by
Tencent,
became
the
world’s
highest
grossing
game
in
2017.
However,
Tencent,
which
ranks
first
in
the
world
for
gaming
revenue,
said
in
a
statement
that
King
of
Glory
was
"supposed
to
bring
joy
...
but
excessive
gaming
brings
joy
to
neither
players
nor
their
parents".
It
announced
that
it
would
limit
the
daily
time
for
youngsters
to
play
its
popular
King
of
Glory
game
after
parents
and
schools
complained
the
children
had
become
addicted
to
playing
it.
Children
younger
than
12
are
only
allowed
to
play
the
game
for
a
maximum
of
one
hour
a
day,
and
after
9
p.m.,
they
are
banned
from
logging
in
to
it,
said
Tencent.
Juveniles(青少年)
older
than
12
are
able
to
play
for
a
maximum
of
two
hours
a
day.
The
game
system
can
remind
players
about
the
time
they
have
been
playing
and
young
players
will
be
forced
to
log
out
when
the
time
is
up.
Tencent
claimed
these
were
the
strictest
measures
in
China’s
game
industry
to
prevent
addiction
and
the
company
expected
they
would
ease
parents’
anxiety.
There
have
been
several
cases
reporting
that
children
had
spent
too
much
money
—
as
well
as
time
—
on
King
of
Glory.
Therefore,
Tencent
added
a
new
function
to
limit
spending
of
juvenile
players.
The
company
also
said
it
had
updated
its
system
for
parents
to
monitor
children
using
its
games.
Since
February,
parents
can
receive
messages
when
children
log
in
and
spend
money
on
the
game
after
they
connect
children’s
game
accounts
with
their
mobile
phone
numbers.
Now,
parents
can
connect
phones,
tablets
or
computers
that
their
children
use
to
play
games,
so
that
they
can
always
keep
an
eye
on
the
children
even
if
they
have
several
game
accounts,
Tencent
said.
It
added
the
measure
covered
its
200
games,
and
about
700,
000
accounts
have
been
connected
to
parents’
phone
numbers.
People
have
different
opinions
on
Tencent’s
such
measures.
Though
many
parents
think
highly
of
them,
a
father
of
a
high
school
student
said
he
actually
was
not
sure
if
they
would
be
sufficiently
effective.
"I
like
the
system
that
could
lock
up
the
devices
as
children
can
register
many
accounts,"he
said.
"But
children
are
so
clever
that
they
can
always
think
out
countermeasures."
5．What
does
Paragraph
2
mainly
talk
about?
A.The
game
rules
of
King
of
Glory.
B.The
target
players
of
King
of
Glory.
C.The
new
limitation
of
King
of
Glory.
D.The
negative
effects
of
King
of
Glory.
6．Which
measures
does
Tencent
take
to
reduce
children’s
addiction
to
its
games?
a.
Shorten
children’
game
time.
b.
Reform
its
monitoring
system.
c.
Ban
under
12s
from
playing
games.
d.
Decrease
children’s
game
spending.
e.
Control
children’s
game
account
numbers.
A.abe
B.abd
C.bcd
D.ade
7．What’s
the
father’s
attitude
towards
Tencent’s
measures
in
the
last
paragraph?
A.Critical.
B.Hopeful.
C.Doubtful.
D.Indifferent.
【文章大意】本文为一则新闻报道。在家长和学校抱怨孩子沉迷于玩游戏《王者荣耀》之后,腾讯公司宣布了中国游戏行业有史以来最严厉的"防沉迷"措施,如限制儿童和青少年玩《王者荣耀》的时间等,希望以此缓解家长的焦虑。
5．C
【解析】考查段落大意。根据第二段内容,尤其是"It
announced
that
it
would
limit
the
daily
time
for
youngsters
to
play
its
popular
King
of
Glory
game"
"Children
younger
than
12
are
only
allowed
to
play
the
game
for
a
maximum
of
one
hour
a
day"
"The
game
system
can
remind
players
about
the
time
they
have
been
playing
and
young
players
will
be
forced
to
log
out
when
the
time
is
up"可知,该段主要讲的是腾讯公司针对儿童和青少年沉迷于其网络游戏《王者荣耀》的问题而采取的新措施,即限制儿童和青少年玩《王者荣耀》的时间，故选C项。
6．B
【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"It
announced
that
it
would
limit
the
daily
time
for
youngsters
to
play
its
popular
King
of
Glory"和第四段中的"Tencent
added
a
new
function
to
limit
spending
of
juvenile
players.
The
company
also
said
it
had
updated
its
system
for
parents
to
monitor
children
using
its
games"可知,腾讯公司为了防止儿童和青少年沉迷于游戏,采取了限制其游戏时间、花销以及更新游戏监管系统的措施,故选B。
7．C
【解析】考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的"Though
many
parents
think
highly
of
them,
a
father
of
a
high
school
student
said
he
actually
was
not
sure
if
they
would
be
sufficiently
effective"可知,虽然很多父母高度评价了腾讯公司所采取的措施,但是一位高中生的父亲却表示他不确定这些措施是否真的有效。由此可推知,这位父亲对腾讯公司所采取的措施是持怀疑态度的。
Passage
3
A
futuristic
transport
system
has
appeared
in
Zhuzhou,
China.
The
electric
mode
of
transportation,
which
features
"trackless
trains",
runs
on
virtual
rail
lines
and
is
the
world’s
"first
smart
train".
The
new
Autonomous
Rail
Rapid
Transit
(ART)
system
first
appeared
in
June
2017.
Finally,
it’s
best
being
tested.
Reports
describe
the
train
as
a
hybrid(混合物),
something
between
a
tram
and
a
bus.
Each
virtual
"railway"
track
is
dotted
and
measures
3.75
meters
wide.
These
guide
the
train
which
has
rubber
tires
instead
of
steel
wheels.
The
system
has
a
maximum
speed
of
70
km/h
and
can
carry
up
to
300
passengers
in
its
three
carriages.
The
goal
is
to
use
the
system
to
improve
and
speed
up
public
transportation
in
Zhuzhou.
Eventually,
the
ART
system
will
be
expanded
to
other
cities
in
China.
In
just
10
minutes,
the
ART
system
can
be
charged
and
ready
to
go.
When
fully
charged,
it
can
run
for
more
than
25
km
and
it
is
reported
to
have
a
lifespan
of
25
years.
Using
sensors,
the
train
collects
traveling
information
and,
over
time,
becomes
more
efficient
in
identifying
pavement
on
the
roads.
An
additional
benefit
is
that
the
ART
system
is
much
cheaper
to
build
than
an
ordinary
subway.
In
China,
a
subway
costs
approximately
400
million?yuan?to
700
million?yuan?per
kilometer.
In
contrast,
an
electric
streetcar(有轨电车)
costs
150
million?yuan?to
200
million?yuan?per
kilometer.
Believe
it
or
not,
conventional
automobiles
are
expected
to
be
canceled.
To
prevent
climate
change
from
worsening,
countries
are
setting
extremely
ambitious
carbon
emission
goals
which,
more
often
than
not,
include
a
timeline
in
which
cars
and
trucks
that
run
on
petrol
and
diesel
are
to
be?phased
out.
Clearly,
green
technology
is
the
future
—
and
that’s
a
good
thing.
According
to
research
conducted
by
WHO,
92
percent
of
the
world’s
population
lives
in
places
where
air
pollution
exceeds
safe
limits.
By
investing
in
green
transportation,
such
as
the
ART
system,
emissions
will
be
reduced,
which
will
prevent
climate
change
from
worsening.
8．What
does
the
author
say
about
the
trackless
train?
A.It
can
be
fully
charged
in
short
time.
B.Its
operating
mode
is
very
intelligent.
C.It
has
gained
wide
application
worldwide.
D.It
costs
far
less
than
streetcars.
9．Which
word
can
best
replace
the
underlined
phrase
"phased
out"?
A.banned
B.gathered
C.destroyed
D.maintained
10．What
is
the
passage
mainly
about?
A.The
ART
system
relieves
the
traffic
pressure.
B.Smart
trains
will
replace
the
traditional
trains
soon.
C.Futuristic
electric
trackless
trains
were
just
launched
in
China.
D.Green
technology
contributes
to
environmental
protection.
【文章大意】本文为一则新闻报道,主要介绍了株洲的无轨电车。
8．B
【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Using
sensors,
the
train
collects
traveling
information
and,
over
time,
becomes
more
efficient
in
identifying
pavement
on
the
roads"可知,这种无轨电车会利用传感器收集沿途信息,而且随着时间的推移,这种无轨电车在鉴定途中的路面状况方面会更高效。由此可知,这种无轨电车的工作模式非常智能。
9．A
【解析】考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的"conventional
automobiles
are
expected
to
be
canceled"可知,传统的汽车预计将被淘汰。再结合画线词所在句的意思可知,为了阻止气候变化问题恶化,各国都设定了异常宏大的二氧化碳排放目标,而这些目标中经常包含了依靠汽油和柴油作动力的汽车和卡车将被逐步淘汰的时间表。故画线词与banned含义相近。
10．C
【解析】考查主旨大意。通读全文,尤其是第一段"A
futuristic
transport
system
has
appeared
in
Zhuzhou,
China.
The
electric
mode
of
transportation,
which
features
‘trackless
trains’,
runs
on
virtual
rail
lines
and
is
the
world’s
‘first
smart
train’"可知,本文主要介绍了在中国株洲出现的无轨电车,故C项最能概括文章主旨。
Passage
4
April
23
marks
the
400th
anniversary
of
William
Shakespeare’s
death.
Organizations
in
Britain
have
planned
numerous
events
to
honor
him.
In
Stratford-upon-Avon,
his
birthplace,
the
tourism
organization
has
a
great
number
of
free
events,
including
performances
of
Shakespeare’s
plays,
and
a
dazzling
fireworks
display.
And
the
BBC
is
broadcasting
a
live
show
from
Stratfore-upon-Avon,
celebrating
Shakespeare’s
widespread
influence
on
the
world.
In
England’s
capital,
the
London
Shakespeare
Centre
and
King’s
College
London
are
holding
a
series
of
public
performances,
exhibitions
and
activities.
It
isn’t
just
England
that
honors
the
anniversary
of
the
death
of
this
extraordinary
writer.
In
Washington,
D.
C.,
the
Folger
Shakespeare
Library,
which
houses
the
world’s
largest
collection
of
documents
relating
to
William
Shakespeare,
is
displaying
a
series
of
exhibitions.
Shakespeare
is
probably
the
most
famous
author
who
ever
lived
and
is
considered
a
genius
by
most.
He
wrote
around
37
plays
and
154
sonnets(十四行诗),
and
his
work
has
been
translated
into
over
one
hundred
languages!
He
penned
beautiful
metaphors(暗喻),
serious
dramas
and
amusing
tales.
Shakespeare
also
invented
many
new
terms
and
phrases.
If
someone’s
behavior
suggested
they
were
not
being
honest
and
should
not
be
trusted,
Shakespeare
called
their
actions
suspicious.
If
someone
was
being
silly
and
perhaps
looking
like
a
fool,
Shakespeare
found
their
actions
laughable.
And
Shakespeare
called
people
who
offered
their
opinions
on
the
quality
of
something
critics.
Today,
for
instance,
food
critics
and
film
critics
give
audiences
their
opinions
of
food
and
film.
The
familiar
phrase
＂break
the
ice＂
comes
from
Shakespeare’s
play
The
Taming
of
the
Shrew.
The
＂ice
is
broken＂
when
a
difficult
conversation
or
meeting
is
calmed
by
some
basic
introduction,
such
as
a
simple
game.
More
common
words
coined
by
Shakespeare
include
road,
gossip,
lonely,
bump
and
hurry.
Four
hundred
years
after
his
death,
Shakespeare
surely
lives
on,
in
everyday
speech,
as
the
most
famous
writer
of
all
time!
11.
The
main
idea
of
the
text
is
_______.
A.
the
400th
anniversary
of
Shakespeare’s
death
B.
the
influence
Shakespeare
has
on
English
C.
the
achievements
of
William
Shakespeare
D.
Shakespeare’s
colorful
and
fruitful
life
12.
Shakespeare
is
honored
in
the
following
ways
except_________.
A.
a
great
number
of
free
events
in
Stratford-upon-Avon
B.
a
series
of
activities
in
the
London
Shakespeare
Centre
C.
a
series
of
exhibitions
in
the
Folger
Shakespeare
Library
D.
a
live
show
of
Shakespeare
from
Stratford-upon-Avon
13.
According
to
the
next,
a
simply
game
to
make
a
difficult
conversation
easy
is
called
_______.15
A.
an
ice-breaker
B.
a
suspicious
man
C.
a
critic
D.
a
laughable
man
【文章大意】4月23日是威廉·莎士比亚逝世第四百周年纪念日。英国的各种组织计划活动来纪念他。
11.
A【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的句子＂April
23
marks
the
400th
anniversary
of
William
Shakespeare’s
death.＂可知，文章主要介绍4月23日是威廉·莎士比亚逝世第四百周年纪念日。故选A。
12.
D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段的句子＂In
Stratford-upon-Avon,
his
birthplace,
the
tourism
organization
has
a
great
number
of
free
events,＂可知，A是对的；根据＂In
England’s
capital,
the
London
Shakespeare
Centre
and
King’s
College
London
are
holding
a
series
of
public
performances,
exhibitions
and
activities.＂可
知，B是对的；根据＂the
Folger
Shakespeare
Library,
which
houses
the
world’s
largest
collection
of
documents
relating
to
William
Shakespeare,
is
displaying
a
series
of
exhibitions.＂可知，C是对
的；根据＂And
the
BBC
is
broadcasting
a
live
show
from
Stratfore-upon-Avon,
celebrating
Shakespeare’s
widespread
influence
on
the
world.＂可知，D是错的。故选D。
13.
A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的句子＂The
‘ice
is
broken’
when
a
difficult
conversation
or
meeting
is
calmed
by
some
basic
introduction,
such
as
a
simple
game.＂可知，使得困难的对话变得容易的
叫作an
ice-breaker。故选A。
【高分秘籍】
1.
寻找主题句:
抓住段落或文章主题的捷径之一就是在段落或文章中寻找主题句。主题句是指能表达或概况段落主题或文章主要内容的句子，
通常是一个简洁、完整、具有概况性的句子，较多出现在说明文和议论文中，而其他句子则围绕着主题句展开进行说明解释或扩展。
主题句在文中的位置:
（1）开门见山：提出主题—细节支撑阐明主题
（2）段末点睛：细节描述—归纳要点—概括主题
（3）段中点旨：细节描述—归纳主题—进一步解释
（4）无主题句:考生需根据文章中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括和总结文章的大意
2.
捕捉关键词：
略读是概括和归纳文章或段落大意的基本方法。略读时要快，把注意力集中在关键词（即实词）上，非关键词（即虚词）则一带而过。注意出现频率高的词可能是蕴涵中心思想的关键词，分析归纳筛选出最能表达主旨或这这意图
的关键词，继而确定文章的主旨大意。
3.
仔细推敲选项：
（1）主旨大意题的干扰项的特点有：
①以偏概全：只阐述了文章的部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息；
②无中生有或似是而非：有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干
扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。
③主题扩大：归纳概括的范围过大，超过文章实际讨论的内容；
④张冠李戴：命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。在我们不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。
（2）主旨大意题的正确选项特征
①含有抽象名词和概括性词语的选项往往是正确答案；
②较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的选项一般是答案项。
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