解密15
阅读理解之词义猜测题
词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。
【命题趋势】
1.要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词
在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
2.要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词
义的具体内容。
3.代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用＂逻辑关系梳理法＂、＂递向寻踪法＂理清人物及事物
之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【设问形式】
1.
The
underlined
word
＂…＂
in
the
second(third…)
paragraph
refers
to(means)
______.
2.
By
saying
that
＂…＂
in
the
first(second…)
paragraph,
the
author
means
that
______.
3.
In
paragraph
…,
＂…＂
can
be
replaced
by
＂______＂.
4.
The
meaning
of
＂…＂
in
paragraph…
is
related
to
______.
5.
Which
of
the
following
has
the
closest
meaning
to…(paragraph…)?
6.
The
underlined
sentence
in
the
…
paragraph
probably
means
that
_____.
对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。
一
、相似法：
利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。
…Fermat’s
Last
Theorem（定理）,
first
put
forward
by
the
French
mathematician
Pierre
de
Fermat
in
the
seventeenth
century,
the
theorem
had
baffled
and
beaten
the
finest
mathematical
minds,
including
a
French
woman
scientists
who
made
a
major
advance
in
working
out
the
problem,
and
who
had
to
dress
like
a
man
in
order
to
be
able
to
study
at
the
Ecole
Polytechnique.
…
65.
Which
of
the
following
best
explains
the
meaning
of
the
word
“baffle”
as
it
is
used
in
the
text?
A.
To
encourage
people
to
raise
questions.
B.
To
cause
difficulty
in
understanding.
C.
To
provide
a
person
with
an
explanation.
D.
To
limit
people’s
imagination.
【答案】B
【解析】由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具有数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁（beat），并且在句中beaten和baffled处于同等的并列关系，根据这一信息可以推出baffle表示“使困惑、难倒、难以理解”的意思。
二、对比法：
利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot
and
cold,
perfect
and
imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
表示对比的信号词有yet,
but,
while,
though,
however,
otherwise,
on
the
one
hand...on
the
other
hand,
for
one
thing...for
another
thing,
instead
of等。
…A
child’s
birthday
party
doesn’t
have
to
be
a
hassle
;
it
can
be
a
basket
of
fun,
according
to
Beth
Anaclerio,
an
Evaston
mother
of
two,
ages
4
and
18
months.
…
74.What
does
the
underlined
word
“hassle”
probably
mean?
A.
A
party
designed
by
specialists.
B.
A
plan
requiring
careful
thought.
C.
A
situation
causing
difficulty
or
trouble.
D.
A
demand
made
by
guests.
【答案】C
【解析】根据前句的否定doesn’t与后句的肯定can
be这一对比关系，可以判断出，为了庆祝孩子的生日，又不至于麻烦，可以买一个生日开心包。Hassle的意思应该与fun相反，而与difficulty,
trouble相近。答案为C。
三、释义法：
有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。
常见的词有：mean,
that
is,
in
other
words,
for
example,
for
instance,
such
as...
1.
全国Ⅰ卷
B
26.
While
I
tend
to
buy
a
lot
of
books,
these
three
were
given
to
me
as
gifs,
which
might
add
to
the
meaning
I
attach
to
them.
But
I
imagine
that,
while
money
is
indeed
wonderful
and
necessary,
rereading
an
author’s
work
is
the
highest
currency
a
reader
can
pay
them.
The
best
books
are
the
ones
that
open
further
as
time
passes.
But
remember,
it’s
you
that
has
to
grow
and
read
and
reread
in
order
to
better
understand
your
friends.
词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while
money
is
indeed
wonderful
and
necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading
an
author’s
work
is
the
highest
currency
a
reader
can
pay
them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。
2.
“Organic
produce
is
always
better,
”
Gold
said.
“The
food
is
free
of
pesticides
(农药),
and
you
are
generally
supporting
family
farms
instead
of
large
farms.
And
more
often
than
not
it
is
locally
(本地)grown
and
seasonal,
so
it
is
more
tasty.”
Gold
is
one
of
a
growing
number
of
shoppers
buying
into
the
organic
trend,
and
supermarkets
across
Britain
are
counting
on
more
like
him
as
they
grow
their
organic
food
business.
62.
What
is
the
meaning
of
“the
organic
trend”
as
the
words
are
used
in
the
text?
A.
Growing
interest
in
organic
food.
B.
Better
quality
of
organic
food.
C.
Rising
market
for
organic
food.
D.
Higher
prices
of
organic
food.
【答案】A
【解析】由Gold
is
one
of
a
growing
number
of
shoppers
buying
something可以推断出，越来越多的顾客像Gold一样开始购买有机食物，其实也就是对这类食物产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。答案为A。
四、语境推断法：
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。
1．根据对比关系猜测词义
在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike,
not,
but,
however,
despite,
in
spite
of,
in
contrast
等。表示对比关系的句子结构：while
引导的并列句。
例如：A
child’s
birthday
party
doesn’t
have
to
be
a
hassle;
it
can
be
a
basket
of
fun.
What
does
the
underlined
word
＂hassle＂
(paragraph
1)
probably
mean?
A.
a
party
designed
by
specialists
B.
a
plan
requiring
careful
thought
C.
a
situation
causing
difficulty
or
trouble
D.
a
demand
made
by
guests
根据对比关系，这里hassle
和
a
basket
of
fun
是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为C。
2．根据比较关系猜测词义
同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly,
like,
just
as,
also,
as
well
as
等。
例如：Green
loves
to
talk,
and
his
brothers
are
similarly
loquacious.
该句中副词similarly表明短语loves
to
talk和loquacious
之间的比较关系，其意义相近。由此我们可推断出loquacious的意思是＂健谈的＂。
3．根据因果关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。
例如：I
feel
that
since
you
are
my
superior
,
it
would
be
presumptuous
of
me
to
tell
you
what
to
do
.
The
word
＂presumptuous＂
in
the
middle
of
the
passage
is
closest
in
meaning
to
＂__________
＂.
A．full
of
respect
B．too
confident
and
rude
C．lacking
in
experience
D．too
shy
and
quiet
根据since
引导的原因状语从句的内容（＂既然你是我的上司＂），我们可以推断这里presumptuous的意思是：＂冒失的，放肆的＂意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。对应的理解题答案为：B。
Pruning
is
important
because
it
encourages
the
growth
of
tender
shoots,
or
young
leaves.
根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以判断Pruning的意思是：＂修剪（树枝等）＂的意思。
4．根据同义、近义、并列、替代、说明等关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。
例如：William
Shakespeare
said.
＂The
web
of
our
life
is
of
a
mingled
yarn（纱线），good
and
ill
together.＂
The
underlined
word
＂mingled＂
in
the
last
paragraph
most
probably
means
.
A．simple
B．mixed
C．sad
D．happy
句中good
and
ill
together
更具体地说明了
a
mingled
yarn的意义，据此我们不难推测mingled的意思是：＂混合的，交织的＂，答案是：B。
Is
it
possible
to
beat
high
blood
pressure
without
drugs
?
The
answer
is
＂yes＂,
according
to
the
researchers
at
Johns
Hopkins
and
three
other
medical
centers.
根据and
three
other
medical
centers
这种并列关系，我们很容易推断出：Johns
Hopkins
是一家医疗中心。
【2020·全国卷II，C】
The
fur
trade
kept
nutria
check
for
decades，but
when
the
market
for
nutria
collapsed
in
the
late
1980s，the
cat-sized
animals
multiplied
like
crazy.
Biologist
Edmond
Mouton
runs
the
nutria
control
program
for
Louisiana.
He
says
it’s
not
easy
to
convince
people
that
nutria
fur
is
green,
but
he
has
no
doubt
about
it.
Hunters
bring
in
more
than
300,000
nutria
tails
a
year,
so
part
of
Mouton’s
job
these
days
is
trying
to
promote
fur.
30.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“collapsed”
in
paragraph
5
probably
mean?
A.
Boomed.
B.
Became
mature.
C.
Remained
stable.
D.
Crashed.
答案：30.
D
解析：
词义猜测题。根据第五段The
fur
trade
kept
nutria
in
check
for
decades,
but
when
the
market
for
nutria
collapsed
in
the
late
1980s,the
cat-sized
animals
multiplied
like
crazy.
得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed
是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。
五、构词推断法：
阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un,
fore,
see
,
able；其中
see
是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
1．根据前缀猜测词义
例如：Do
you
have
any
strong
opinion
on
co-educational
or
single-sex
schools?
根据词根educational
（教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：＂男女同校教育的＂意思。
2．根据后缀猜测词义
例如：It's
a
quiet,
comfortable
hotel
overlooking
(俯瞰)
the
bay
in
an
uncommercialized
Cornish
fishing
village
on
England's
most
southerly
point．
后缀
-ise/ize意思是＂使成为…；使…化＂，结合词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出
uncommercialized
的意思是：＂未被商业化的＂。
3．根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
例如：Good
tool
design
is
important
in
the
prevention
of
overuse
injuries.
Well-designed
tools
and
equipment
will
require
less
force
to
operate
them
and
prevent
awkward（别扭的）hand
positions.
Well-designed
或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well
（好，优秀）和design
（设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是＂设计精巧的＂意思。
We
live
in
a
technological
society
where
most
goods
are
mass-produced
by
unskilled
labor.
Because
of
this,
most
people
that
craft
(手艺)
no
longer
exists.
根据合成词中的mass
（大量的）和produce
（生产），我们可以推测
mass-produce的意思是：＂大批量生产；规模生产＂的意思。
【2020·山东卷，D】
According
to
a
recent
study
in
the
Journal
of
Consumer
Research,
both
the
size
and
consumption
habits
of
our
eating
companions
can
influence
our
food
intake.
And
contrary
to
existing
research
that
says
you
should
avoid
eating
with
heavier
people
who
order
large
portions(份),
it's
the
beanpoles
with
big
appetites
you
really
need
to
avoid.
13.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“beanpoles”
in
paragraph
1
refer
to?
A.
Big
eaters.
B.
Overweight
persons.
C.
Picky
eaters.
D.
Tall
thin
persons.
答案：13.
D.
解析：
词义猜测题。根据构词法，bean:指豆子；pole:
杆子，合起来，豆杆一样的人，可知，此处指又高又瘦的人。另外结合语境，前半句“And
contrary
to
existing
research
that
says
you
should
avoid
eating
with
heavier
people
who
order
large
portions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the
beanpoles
with
big
appetites。由contrary
to可推断出，画线词和heavier
people（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier
people正好相反。故选D。
题组一
真题在线
Passage
1(2018·全国新课标卷III，D)
Adults
understand
what
it
feels
like
to
be
flooded
with
objects.
Why
do
we
often
assume
that
more
is
more
when
it
comes
to
kids
and
their
belongings?
The
good
news
is
that
I
can
help
my
own
kids
learn
earlier
than
I
did
how
to
live
more
with
less.
I
found
the
pre-holidays
a
good
time
to
encourage
young
children
to
donate
less-used
things,
and
it
worked.
Because
of
our
efforts,
our
daughter
Georgia
did
decide
to
donate
a
large
bag
of
toys
to
a
little
girl
whose
mother
was
unable
to
pay
for
her
holiday
due
to
illness.
She
chose
to
sell
a
few
larger
objects
that
were
less
often
used
when
we
promised
to
put
the
money
into
her
school
fund(基金）(our
kindergarten
daughter
is
serious
about
becoming
a
doctor)
For
weeks,
I've
been
thinking
of
bigger,
deeper
questions:
How
do
we
make
it
a
habit
for
them?
And
how
do
we
train
ourselves
to
help
them
live
with,
need,
and
use
less?
Yesterday,
I
sat
with
my
son,
Shepherd,
determined
to
test
my
own
theory
on
this.
I
decided
to
play
with
him
with
only
one
toy
for
as
long
as
it
would
keep
his
interest.
I
expected
that
one
toy
would
keep
his
attention
for
about
five
minutes,
ten
minutes,
max.
I
chose
a
red
rubber
ball-simple,
universally
available.
We
passed
it,
he
tried
to
put
it
in
his
mouth,
he
tried
bouncing
it,
rolling
it,
sitting
on
it,
throwing
it.
It
was
totally,
completely
enough
for
him.
Before
I
knew
it
an
hour
had
passed
and
it
was
time
to
move
on
to
lunch.
We
both
became
absorbed
in
the
simplicity
of
playing
together.
He
had
my
full
attention
and
I
had
his.
My
little
experiment
to
find
joy
in
a
single
object
worked
for
both
of
us.
32.
What
do
the
words
“more
is
more”
in
Paragraph
1
probably
mean?
A.
The
more,
the
better.
B.
Enough
is
enough.
C.
More
money,
more
worries.
D.
Earn
more
and
spend
more.
33.
What
made
Georgia
agree
to
sell
some
of
her
objects?
A.
Saving
up
for
her
holiday
B.
Raising
money
for
a
poor
girl
C.
Adding
the
money
to
her
fund
D.
Giving
the
money
to
a
sick
mother
34.
Why
did
the
author
play
the
ball
with
Shepherd?
A.
To
try
out
an
idea
B.
To
show
a
parent's
love
C.
To
train
his
attention
D.
To
help
him
start
a
hobby
35.
What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A.
Take
It
or
Leave
It
B.
A
Lesson
from
Kids
C.
Live
More
with
Less
D.
The
Pleasure
of
Giving
【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述作者引导孩子主动捐献玩具，并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做法。
32.
A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章第一段最后一句…I
can
help
my
own
kids
learn
earlier
than
I
did
how
to
live
more
with
less可以推断出，人们通常认为越多越好。故选A。
33.
C
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中She
chose
to
sell
a
few
larger
objects
that
were
less
often
used
when
we
promised
to
put
the
money
into
her
school
fund(基金)可知，当我们承诺给她把卖玩具的钱放到她的教育基金里时，她同意卖玩具。故选C。
34.
A
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句My
little
experiment
to
find
joy
in
a
single
object
worked
for
both
of
us.表明，跟Shepherd玩球是为了测试自己的一种想法是否可行。故选A。
35.
C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，作者想要教会孩子how
to
live
more
with
less，而二三段是作者的尝试，故C作标题适合。
Passage
2(2018·全国新课标卷III，D)
Steven
Stein
likes
to
follow
garbage
trucks.
His
strange
habit
makes
sense
when
you
consider
that
he’s
an
environmental
scientist
who
studies
how
to
reduce
litter,
including
things
that
fall
off
garbage
trucks
as
they
drive
down
the
road.
What
is
even
more
interesting
is
that
one
of?Stein's
jobs
is
defending
an
industry
behind
the
plastic
shopping
bags.
Americans
use
more
than
100
billion
thin
film
plastic
bags
every
year.
So
many
end
up
in
tree
branches
or
along
highways
that
a
growing
number
of
cities
do
not
allow
them
at
checkouts(收银台)
.
The
bags
are
prohibited
in
some
90
cities
in
California,
including
Los
Angeles.
Eyeing
these
headwinds,
plastic-bag
makers
are
hiring
scientists
like?Stein?to?make
the
case
that
their
products
are
not
as
bad
for
the
planet
as
most
people
assume.
Among
the
bag
makers'
argument:
many
cities
with
bans
still
allow
shoppers?to?purchase
paper
bags,
which
are
easily
recycled
but
require
more
energy?to?produce
and
transport.
And
while
plastic
bags
may
be
ugly?to?look
at,
they
represent
a
small
percentage
of
all?garbage?on
the
ground
today
The
industry
has
also
taken
aim
at
the
product
that
has
appeared
as
its
replacement:
reusable
shopping
bags.
The
stronger
a
reusable
bag
is,
the
longer
its
life
and
the
more
plastic-bag
use
it
cancels
out.
However,
longer-lasting
reusable
bags
often
require
more
energy?to?make.
One
study
found
that
a
cotton
bag
must
be
used
at
least
131
times
to
be
better
for
the
planet
than
plastic.
Environmentalists
don't
dispute（质疑）
these
points.
They
hope
paper
bags
will
be
banned
someday
too
and
want
shoppers?to?use
the
same
reusable
bags
for
years.
24.
What
has
Steven
Stein
been
hired
to
do?
A.
Help
increase
grocery
sales.
B.
Recycle
the
waste
material.
C.
Stop
things
falling
off
trucks.
D.
Argue
for
the
use
of
plastic
bags.
25.
What
does
the
word
“headwinds”in
paragraph
2
refer
to?
A.
Bans
on
plastic
bags.
B.
Effects
of
city
development.
C.
Headaches
caused
by
garbage.
D.
Plastic
bags
hung
in
trees.
26.
What
is
a
disadvantage
of
reusable
bags
according
to
plastic-bag
makers?
A.
They
are
quite
expensive.
B.
Replacing
them
can
be
difficult.
C.
They
are
less
strong
than
plastic
bags.
D.
Producing
them
requires
more
energy.
27.
What
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
Plastic,
Paper
or
Neither
B.
Industry,
Pollution
and
Environment
C.
Recycle
or
Throw
Away
D.
Garbage
Collection
and
Waste
Control
【语篇解读】文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况，塑料袋造成了环境问题，尽管纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。
24.
D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段one
of?Stein's
jobs
is
defending
an
industry
behind
the
plastic
shopping
bags.和第二段plastic-bag
makers
are
hiring
scientists
like?Stein?to?make
the
case
that
their
products
are
not
as
bad
for
the
planet
as
most
people
assume.可知塑料袋生产商雇用Steven
Stein是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害，是对塑料袋被禁用的解释和争论。故选D。
25.
A
【解析】词义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到这种现状，塑料袋生产商雇用Steven
Stein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。headwinds“逆风”，此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状，即Bans
on
plastic
bags，故选A。
26.
D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段However,
longer-lasting
reusable
bags
often
require
more
energy?to?make.可知塑料袋生产商认为生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能量，故选D。
27.
A
【解析】标题归纳题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic,
Paper
or
Neither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，最适合作为标题。故选A。
Passage
3（2018﹒江苏卷，B）
In
the
1760s,
Mathurin
Roze
opened
a
series
of
shops
that
boasted(享有）a
special
meat
soup
called
consomme.
Although
the
main
attraction
was
the
soup,
Roze's
chain
shops
also
set
a
new
standard
for
dining
out,
which
helped
to
establish
Roze
as
the
inventor
of
the
modern
restaurant.
Today,
scholars
have
generated
large
amounts
of
instructive
research
about
restaurants.
Take
visual
hints
that
influence
what
we
eat:
diners
served
themselves
about
20
percent
more
pasta(意大利面食）when
their
plates
matched
their
food.
When
a
dark-colored
cake
was
served
on
a
black
plate
rather
than
a
white
one,
customers
recognized
it
as
sweeter
and
more
tasty.
Lighting
matters,
too.
When
Berlin
restaurant
customers
ate
in
darkness,
they
couldn't
tell
how
much
they'd
had:
those
given
extra-large
shares
ate
more
than
everyone
else,
but
were
none
the
wiser—they
didn’t
feel
fuller,
and
they
were
just
as
ready
for
dessert.
Time
is
money,
but
that
principle
means
different
things
for
different
types
of
restaurants.
Unlike
fast-food
places.
fine
dining
shops
prefer
customers
to
stay
longer
and
spend.
One
way
to
encourage
customers
to
stay
and
order
that
extra
round:
put
on
some
Mozart(莫扎特）.When
classical,
rather
than
pop,
music
was
playing,
diners
spent
more.
Fast
music
hurried
diners
out.
Particular
scents
also
have
an
effect:
diners
who
got
the
scent
of
lavender(薰衣草）stayed
longer
and
spent
more
than
those
who
smelled
lemon,
or
no
scent.
Meanwhile,
things
that
you
might
expect
to
discourage
spending—"bad"
tables,
crowding,
high
prices
—
don't
necessarily.
Diners
at
bad
tables
—
next
to
the
kitchen
door,
say
—
spent
nearly
as
much
as
others
but
soon
fled.
It
can
be
concluded
that
restaurant
keepers
need
not
"be
overly
concerned
about
‘bad'
tables,"
given
that
they're
profitable.
As
for
crowds,
a
Hong
Kong
study
found
that
they
increased
a
restaurant's
reputation,
suggesting
great
food
at
fair
prices.
And
doubling
a
buffet's
price
led
customers
to
say
that
its
pizza
was
11
percent
tastier.
58.
The
underlined
phrase
"none
the
wiser"
in
paragraph
3
most
probably
implies
that
the
customers
were
.
A.
not
aware
of
eating
more
than
usual
B.
not
willing
to
share
food
with
others
C.
not
conscious
of
the
food
quality
D.
not
fond
of
the
food
provided
59.
How
could
a
fine
dining
shop
make
more
profit?
A.
playing
classical
music.
B.
Introducing
lemon
scent.
C.
Making
the
light
brighter,
D.
Using
plates
of
larger
size.
60.
What
does
the
last
paragraph
talk
about?
A.
Tips
to
attract
more
customers.
B.
Problems
restaurants
are
faced
with.
C.
Ways
to
improve
restaurants'
reputation.
D.
Common
misunderstandings
about
restaurants.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。论述了现代餐馆面临的经营困境和解决方案，通过对比快餐店和正规餐馆提出，现代餐饮业可以通过味道（比如薰衣草相比柠檬更能刺激消费者的食欲）、灯光的明暗（比如暗的灯光更能够刺激顾客食欲）等吸引顾客。
58.A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据该句中“…they
didn’t
feel
fuller,
and
they
were
just
as
ready
for
dessert”可知，他们没有感觉更饱，想要再吃一点甜点；据此可以判断，划线词表示“他们没有意识到比平时吃得多”，故选A项。
59.A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第三、四句“One
way
to
encourage
customers
to
stay
and
order
that
extra
round:
put
on
some
Mozart
(莫扎特).
When
classical,
rather
than
pop,
music
was
playing,
diners
spent
more.”可知，
在餐馆播放古典音乐能延长顾客在餐馆的时间，从而促进餐馆赢得更多的利润，故选A项。
60.D
【解析】段意归纳题。通读尾段可知，该段第一句“Meanwhile,
things
that
you
might
expect
to
discourage
spending
—
“bad
tables,
crowding,
high
prices
—
don’t
necessarily”为该段的主题段；结合全段内容可知，该段主要论述了人们对餐馆的常见误解，故选D项。
Passage
4(2017·新课标卷II，D)
When
a
leafy
plant
is
under
attack,
it
doesn’t
sit
quietly.
Back
in
1983,
two
scientists,
Jack
Schultz
and
Ian
Baldwin,
reported
that
young
maple
trees
getting
bitten
by
insects
send
out
a
particular
smell
that
neighboring
plants
can
get.
These
chemicals
come
from
the
injured
parts
of
the
plant
and
seem
to
be
an
alarm.
What
the
plants
pump
through
the
air
is
a
mixture
of
chemicals
known
as
volatile
organic
compounds,
VOCs
for
short.
Scientists
have
found
that
all
kinds
of
plants
give
out
VOCs
when
being
attacked
.It’s
a
plant’s
way
of
crying
out.
But
is
anyone
listening?
Apparently.
Because
we
can
watch
the
neighbours
react.
Some
plants
pump
out
smelly
chemicals
to
keep
insects
away.
But
others
do
double
duty.
They
pump
out
perfumes
designed
to
attract
different
insects
who
are
natural
enemies
to
the
attackers.
Once
they
arrive,
the
tables
are
turned.
The
attacker
who
was
lunching
now
becomes
lunch.
In
study
after
study,
it
appears
that
these
chemical
conversations
help
the
neighbors
.The
damage
is
usually
more
serious
on
the
first
plant,
but
the
neighbors,
relatively
speaking,
stay
safer
because
they
heard
the
alarm
and
knew
what
to
do.
Does
this
mean
that
plants
talk
to
each
other?
Scientists
don’t
know.
Maybe
the
first
plant
just
made
a
cry
of
pain
or
was
sending
a
message
to
its
own
branches,
and
so,
in
effect,
was
talking
to
itself.
Perhaps
the
neighbors
just
happened
to
“overhear”
the
cry.
So
information
was
exchanged,
but
it
wasn’t
a
true,
intentional
back
and
forth.
Charles?Darwin,?over?150?years?ago,?imagined?a?world?far?busier,?noisier?and?more?intimate(亲密的)
?than?the?world?we?can?see?and?hear.?Our?senses?are?weak.?There’s?a?whole?lot?going?on.
32.?What?does?a?plant?do?when?it?is?under?attack?
A.?It?makes?noises.?????
B.?It?gets?help?from?other?plants.
C.?It?stands?quietly????
D.?It?sends?out?certain?chemicals.
33.?What?does?the?author?mean?by?“the?tables?are?turned”?in?paragraph?3?
A.?The?attackers?get?attacked.
B.?The?insects?gather?under?the?table.
C.?The?plants?get?ready?to?fight?back.
D.?The?perfumes?attract?natural?enemies.
34.Scientists
find
from
their
studies
that
plants
can
.
A.
predict
natural
disasters
B.
protect
themselves
against
insects
C.
talk
to
one
another
intentionally
D.
help
their
neighbors
when
necessary
35.what
can
we
infer
from
the
last
paragraph?
A.
The
world
is
changing
faster
than
ever.
B.
People
have
stronger
senses
than
before
C.
The
world
is
more
complex
than
it
seems
D.
People
in
Darwin’s
time
were
imaginative.
【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。研究发现，当植物受到攻击时，会发出VOCs，以此来保护自己或者与周围的植物通过化学物质进行交流。
32.D
【解析】细节理解题。根据“reported
that
young
maple
trees
getting
bitten
by
insects
send
out
a
particular
smell
that
neighboring
plants
can
get.
These
chemicals
come
from
the
injured
parts
of
the
plant
and
seem
to
be
an
alarm”可知，当植物受到伤害时，会分泌一种特殊的化学物质。
33.A
【解析】词义推测题。根据“Once
they
arrive,the
tables
are
turned.The
attacker
who
was
lunching
now
becomes
lunch”，一旦它们到达这里，这些攻击者就会受到植物的攻击，故选A。
34.B
【解析】细节理解题，根据“Scientists
have
found
that
all
kinds
of
plants
give
out
VOCs
when
being
attacked”
及“Some
plants
pump
out
smelly
chemicals
to
keep
insects
away...
”可知答案选B。
35.C
【解析】推理判断题。根据“imagined
a
world
far
busier,
noisier
and
more
intimate(亲密的)
than
the
world
we
can
see
and
hear.
Our
senses
are
weak.
There’s
a
whole
lot
going
on”可知，这个世界远比我们看到或听到的更热闹、更亲密，我们认知能力有限，有很多事仍在继续发生，远比我们想象的要复杂。故选C。
Passage
5
(2017·新课标III卷，C)
After
years
of
heated
debate,
gray
wolves
were
reintroduced
to
Yellowstone
National
Park.
Fourteen
wolves
were
caught
in
Canada
and
transported
to
the
park.
By
last
year,
the
Yellowstone
wolf
population
had
grown
to
more
than
170
wolves.
Gray
wolves
once
were
seen
here
and
there
in
the
Yellowstone
area
and
much
of
the
continental
United
States,
but
they
were
gradually
displaced
by
human
development.
By
the
1920s,
wolves
had
practically
disappeared
from
the
Yellowstone
area.
They
went
farther
north
into
the
deep
forests
of
Canada,
where
there
were
fewer
humans
around.
The
disappearance
of
the
wolves
had
many
unexpected
results.
Deer
and
elk
populations
—
major
food
sources
(来源)
for
the
wolf
—
grew
rapidly.
These
animals
consumed
large
amounts
of
vegetation
(植被),
which
reduced
plant
diversity
in
the
park.
In
the
absence
of
wolves,
coyote
populations
also
grew
quickly.
The
coyotes
killed
a
large
percentage
of
the
park’s
red
foxes,
and
completely
drove
away
the
park’s
beavers.
As
early
as
1966,
biologists
asked
the
government
to
consider
reintroducing
wolves
to
Yellowstone
Park.
They
hoped
that
wolves
would
be
able
to
control
the
elk
and
coyote
problems.
Many
farmers
opposed
the
plan
because
they
feared
that
wolves
would
kill
their
farm
animals
or
pets.
The
government
spent
nearly
30
years
coming
up
with
a
plan
to
reintroduce
the
wolvers.
The
U.S.
Fish
and
Wildlife
Service
carefully
monitors
and
manages
the
wolf
packs
in
Yellowstone.
Today,
the
debate
continues
over
how
well
the
gray
wolf
is
fitting
in
at
Yellowstone.
Elk,
deer,
and
coyote
populations
are
down,
while
beavers
and
red
foxes
have
made
a
comeback.
The
Yellowstone
wolf
project
has
been
a
valuable
experiment
to
help
biologists
decide
whether
to
reintroduce
wolves
to
other
parts
of
the
country
as
well.
28.
What
is
the
text
mainly
about?
A.
Wildlife
research
in
the
United
States.
B.
Plant
diversity
in
the
Yellowstone
area.
C.
The
conflict
between
farmers
and
gray
wolves.
D.
The
reintroduction
of
wolves
to
Yellowstone
Park.
29.
What
does
the
underlined
word
＂displaced＂
in
paragraph
2
mean?
A.
Tested.
B.
Separated.
C.
Forced
out.
D.
Tracked
down.
30.
What
did
the
disappearance
of
gray
wolves
bring
about?
A.
Damage
to
local
ecology.
B.
A
decline
in
the
park’s
income.
C.
Preservation
of
vegetation.
D.
An
increase
in
the
variety
of
animals.
31.
What
is
the
author’s
attitude
towards
the
Yellowstone
wolf
project?
A.
Doubtful.
B.
Positive.
C.
Disapproving.
D.
Uncaring.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼的事情。人类活动的影响使灰狼的数量逐渐减少，鹿群数量逐渐增加，从而导致植被被大量破坏。
28.D
【解析】主旨大意题。文章开门见山地提出黄石公园引进灰狼的举措，然后在下文中详细介绍其原因以及带来的良好的转机，由此判断本文的中心话题是美国黄石公园对灰狼的引进。
29.C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据本段后两句可知，因为人类的发展，侵占了灰狼的领域，灰狼逐渐向北迁徙，由此推断灰狼被人类排挤走了。
30.A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，灰狼的减少造成了鹿群的增多，从而植被遭到了破坏；造成了土狼数量的快速增长，它们猎杀了大量的赤狐，赶走了海狸，由此可推断出灰狼的消失导致了当地生态平衡被破坏。
31.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章末段的最后一句可知，作者认为引进灰狼的项目是很有价值的实验，因此可推知作者对这一举措持肯定的态度。
Passage
6
(2017·天津卷)
This
month,
Germany’s
transport
minister,
Alexander
Dobrindt,
proposed
the
first
set
of
rules
for
autonomous
vehicles(自主驾驶车辆).
They
would
define
the
driver’s
role
in
such
cars
and
govern
how
such
cars
perform
in
crashes
where
lives
might
be
lost.
The
proposal
attempts
to
deal
with
what
some
call
the
“death
valley”
of
autonomous
vehicles:
the
grey
area
between
semi-autonomous
and
fully
driverless
cars
that
could
delay
the
driverless
future.
Dobrindt
wants
three
things:
that
a
car
always
chooses
property(财产)
damage
over
personal
injury;
that
it
never
distinguishes
between
humans
based
on
age
or
race;
and
that
if
a
human
removes
his
or
her
hands
from
the
driving
wheel
—
to
check
email,
say
—
the
car’s
maker
is
responsible
if
there
is
a
crash.
“The
change
to
the
road
traffic
law
will
permit
fully
automatic
driving,”
says
Dobrindt.
It
will
put
fully
driverless
cars
on
an
equal
legal
footing
to
human
drivers,
he
says.
Who
is
responsible
for
the
operation
of
such
vehicles
is
not
clear
among
car
makers,
consumers
and
lawyers.
“The
liability(法律责任)
issue
is
the
biggest
one
of
them
all,”
says
Natasha
Merat
at
the
University
of
Leeds,
UK.
An
assumption
behind
UK
insurance
for
driverless
cars,
introduced
earlier
this
year,
insists
that
a
human
“be
watchful
and
monitoring
the
road”
at
every
moment.
But
that
is
not
what
many
people
have
in
mind
when
thinking
of
driverless
cars.
“When
you
say
‘driverless
cars’,
people
expect
driverless
cars.”
Merat
says.
“You
know
—
no
driver.”
Because
of
the
confusion,
Merat
thinks
some
car
makers
will
wait
until
vehicles
can
be
fully
automated
without
operation.
Driverless
cars
may
end
up
being
a
form
of
public
transport
rather
than
vehicles
you
own,
says
Ryan
Calo
at
Stanford
University,
California.
That
is
happening
in
the
UK
and
Singapore,
where
government-provided
driverless
vehicles
are
being
launched.
That
would
go
down
poorly
in
the
US,
however.
“The
idea
that
the
government
would
take
over
driverless
cars
and
treat
them
as
a
public
good
would
get
absolutely
nowhere
here,”
says
Calo.
46.
What
does
the
phrase
“death
valley”
in
Paragraph
2
refer
to?
A.
A
place
where
cars
often
break
down.
B.
A
case
where
passing
a
law
is
impossible.
C.
An
area
where
no
driving
is
permitted.
D.
A
situation
where
drivers’
role
is
not
clear.
47.
The
proposal
put
forward
by
Dobrindt
aims
to
__________.
A.
stop
people
from
breaking
traffic
rules
B.
help
promote
fully
automatic
driving
C.
protect
drivers
of
all
ages
and
races
D.
prevent
serious
property
damage
48.
What
do
consumers
think
of
the
operation
of
driverless
cars?
A.
It
should
get
the
attention
of
insurance
companies.
B.
It
should
be
the
main
concern
of
law
makers.
C.
It
should
not
cause
deadly
traffic
accidents.
D.
It
should
involve
no
human
responsibility.
49.
Driverless
vehicles
in
public
transport
see
no
bright
future
in
_________.
A.
Singapore
B.
the
UK
C.
the
US
D.
Germany
50.
What
could
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.
Autonomous
Driving:
Whose
Liability?
B.
Fully
Automatic
Cars:
A
New
Breakthrough
C.
Autonomous
Vehicles:
Driver
Removed!
D.
Driverless
Cars:
Root
of
Road
Accidents
【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道。文章记叙了德国交通部长的对于自主驾驶车辆的规章制度的一个提议，引出说明了位于科技前沿的无人驾驶的自动化车辆在英国、新加坡和美国的不同前景。
46.D
【解析】考查词义猜测。根据第二段的句子the
grey
area
between
semi-autonomous
and
fully
driverless
cars
that
could
delay
the
driverless
future可知选D。
47.B
【解析】考查推理判断。根据第二段内容The
proposal
attempts
to
deal
with
what
some
call
the
“death
valley”
of
autonomous
vehicles…可知选B。
48.D【解析】考查细节理解。根据第六、七、八段内容可知选D。
49.C
【解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段That
would
go
down
poorly
in
the
US,
however.
“The
idea
that
the
government
would
take
over
driverless
cars
and
treat
them
as
a
public
good
would
get
absolutely
nowhere
here,”
says
Calo.可知选C。
50.A
【解析】通读全文可以知道，本文主要讲述了谁来对无人驾驶的机动车辆负责。故选A。
Passage
7
(2017·江苏卷)
Before
birth,
babies
can
tell
the
difference
between
loud
sounds
and
voices.
They
can
even
distinguish
their
mother’s
voice
from
that
of
a
female
stranger.
But
when
it
comes
to
embryonic
learning
(胎教),
birds
could
rule
the
roost.
As
recently
reported
in
The
Auk:
Ornithological
Advances,
some
mother
birds
may
teach
their
young
to
sing
even
before
they
hatch
(孵化).
New-born
chicks
can
then
imitate
their
mom’s
call
within
a
few
days
of
entering
the
world.
This
educational
method
was
first
observed
in
2012
by
Sonia
Kleindorfer,
a
biologist
at
Flinders
University
in
South
Australia,
and
her
colleagues.
Female
Australian
superb
fairy
wrens
were
found
to
repeat
one
sound
over
and
over
again
while
hatching
their
eggs.
When
the
eggs
were
hatched,
the
baby
birds
made
the
similar
chirp
to
their
mothers—a
sound
that
served
as
their
regular
＂feed
me!＂
call.
To
find
out
if
the
special
quality
was
more
widespread
in
birds,
the
researchers
sought
the
red-backed
fairy
wren,
another
species
of
Australian
songbird.
First
they
collected
sound
data
from
67
nests
in
four
sites
in
Queensland
before
and
after
hatching.
Then
they
identified
begging
calls
by
analyzing
the
order
and
number
of
notes.
A
computer
analysis
blindly
compared
calls
produced
by
mothers
and
chicks,
ranking
them
by
similarity.
It
turns
out
that
baby
red-backed
fairy
wrens
also
emerge
chirping
like
their
moms.
And
the
more
frequently
mothers
had
called
to
their
eggs,
the
more
similar
were
the
babies’
begging
calls.
In
addition,
the
team
set
up
a
separate
experiment
that
suggested
that
the
baby
birds
that
most
closely
imitated
their
mom’s
voice
were
rewarded
with
the
most
food.
This
observation
hints
that
effective
embryonic
learning
could
signal
neurological
(神经系统的)
strengths
of
children
to
parents.
An
evolutionary
inference
can
then
be
drawn.
＂As
a
parent,
do
you
invest
in
quality
children,
or
do
you
invest
in
children
that
are
in
need?＂
Kleindorfer
asks.
＂Our
results
suggest
that
they
might
be
going
for
quality.＂
58.The
underlined
phrase
in
Paragraph
1
means＂____________＂.
A.
be
the
worst
B.
be
the
best
C.
be
the
as
bad
D.
be
just
as
good
59.
What
are
Kleindorfer’s
findings
based
on?
A.
Similarities
between
the
calls
of
moms
and
chicks.
B.
The
observation
of
fairy
wrens
across
Australia.
C.
The
data
collected
from
Queensland’s
locals.
D.
Controlled
experiments
on
wrens
and
other
birds.
60.
Embryonic
learning
helps
mother
birds
to
identify
the
baby
birds
which
____________.
A.
can
receive
quality
signals
B.
are
in
need
of
training
C.
fit
the
environment
better
D.
make
the
loudest
call
【文章大意】文章介绍了鸟类在胎教方面的超凡本领。实验发现鸟儿在孵化时不停地鸣叫是为了教会以后出生的雏鸟歌唱的本领，从而挑选出能够适应环境的雏鸟。
58.B【解析】根据第二段＂when
the
errs
were
hatched,
the
baby
birds
made
the
similar
chirp
to
their
mothers＂可知，鸟儿在孵化小鸟的时候，鸣叫对未出生的小鸟有很大影响，它们被孵化后也能发出类似的声音，说明鸟儿很擅长胎教。
59.A【解析】根据第三段＂the
researchers
sought
the
red-backed
fairy
wren,
another
species
of
Australian
songbird.＂可知，研究人员并未在全澳洲范围展开调查，排除B项；未对其它鸟类进行记录研究，排除D项。根据倒数第三段中的＂A
computer
analysis
blindly
compared
calls
produced
by
mothers
and
chicks,
ranking
them
by
similarity.＂可知，A项正确。
60.C【解析】根据倒数第二段中的＂the
baby
birds
that
most
closely
imitated
their
mom’s
voice
were
rewarded
with
the
most
food＂和最后一段＂Our
results
suggest
that
they
might
be
going
for
quality.＂可知，模仿母鸟模仿得最好的雏鸟得到最多的食物，研究结果表明，母亲会选择质量好的雏鸟。由此可知，胎教帮助母鸟辨别出那些适应环境较好的孩子。
Passage
8（2016新课标卷Ⅱ·B）
Five
years
ago,
when
I
taught
art
at
a
school
in
Seattle,
I
used
Tinkertoys
as
a
test
at
the
beginning
of
a
term
to
find
out
something
about
my
students.
I
put
a
small
set
of
Tinkertoys
in
front
of
each
student,
and
said:
＂Make
something
out
of
the
Tinkertoys.
You
have
45
minutes
today
—
and
45
minutes
each
day
for
the
rest
of
the
week.＂
A
few
students
hesitated
to
start.
They
waited
to
see
what
the
rest
of
the
class
would
do.
Several
others
checked
the
instructions
and
made
something
according
to
one
of
the
model
plans
provide.
Another
group
built
something
out
of
their
own
imaginations.
Once
I
had
a
boy
who
worked
experimentally
with
Tinkertoys
in
his
free
time.
His
constructions
filled
a
shelf
in
the
art
classroom
and
a
good
part
of
his
bedroom
at
home.
I
was
delighted
at
the
presence
of
such
a
student.
Here
was
an
exceptionally
creative
mind
at
work.
His
presence
meant
that
I
had
an
unexpected
teaching
assistant
in
class
whose
creativity
would
infect(感染)other
students.
Encouraging
this
kind
of
thinking
has
a
downside.
I
ran
the
risk
of
losing
those
students
who
had
a
different
style
of
thinking.
Without
fail
one
would
declare,
＂But
I’m
just
not
creative.＂
＂Do
you
dream
at
night
when
you’re
asleep?＂
＂Oh,
sure.＂
＂So
tell
me
one
of
your
most
interesting
dreams.＂
The
student
would
tell
something
wildly
imaginative.
Flying
in
the
sky
or
in
a
time
machine
or
growing
three
heads.
＂That’s
pretty
creative.
Who
does
that
for
you?＂
＂Nobody.
I
do
it.＂
＂Really
—
at
night,
when
you’re
asleep?＂
＂Sure.＂
＂Try
doing
it
in
the
daytime,
in
class,
okay?＂
25.
The
teacher
used
Tinkertoys
in
class
in
order
to
________.
A.
know
more
about
the
students
B.
make
the
lessons
more
exciting
C.
raise
the
students’
interest
in
art
D.
teach
the
students
about
toy
design
26.
What
do
we
know
about
the
boy
mentioned
in
Paragraph
3?
A.
He
liked
to
help
his
teacher.
B.
He
preferred
to
study
alone.
C.
He
was
active
in
class.
D.
He
was
imaginative.
27.
What
does
the
underlined
word
＂downside＂
in
Paragraph
4
probably
mean?
A.
Mistake.
B.
Drawback.
C.
Difficulty.
D.
Burden.
28.
Why
did
the
teacher
ask
the
students
to
talk
about
their
dreams?
A.
To
help
them
to
see
their
creativity.
B.
To
find
out
about
their
sleeping
habits.
C.
To
help
them
to
improve
their
memory.
D.
To
find
out
about
their
ways
of
thinking.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者五年前在西雅图教学生们美术时在教学中所发生的事情,以及培养学生们的想象力的方法。
25.
A【解析】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段的＂to
find
out
something
about
my
students＂可知,作者使用
Tinkertoys是为了弄清楚有关学生们的一些事情。故选A项。
26.
D【解析】考查推理判断。根据第三段中的＂Here
was
an
exceptionally
creative
mind
at
work＂可知,这个
男孩儿非常具有创造性,故选D项。
27.
B【解析】考查词义猜测。根据下文的＂I
ran
the
risk
of
losing
those
students
who
had
a
different
style
of
thinking＂可知,作者冒着失去那些有不同思维风格的学生的风险。故可知该词的意思为＂不足,缺点＂,
所以选B项。
28.
A【解析】考查推理判断。根据第四段中的＂Without
fail
one
would
declare,
‘But
I’m
just
not
creative.’＂
及下文内容可推知,作者问学生们他们是否做梦了是为了让他们看到自己的创造力。故选A项。
Passage
9（2016天津·C）
When
John
was
growing
up,
other
kids
felt
sorry
for
him.
His
parents
always
had
him
weeding
the
garden,
carrying
out
the
garbage
and
delivering
newspapers.
But
when
John
reached
adulthood,
he
was
better
off
than
his
childhood
playmates.
He
had
more
job
satisfaction,
a
better
marriage
and
was
healthier.
Most
of
all,
he
was
happier.
Far
happier.
These
are
the
findings
of
a
40-year
study
that
followed
the
lives
of
456
teenage
boys
from
Boston.
The
study
showed
that
those
who
had
worked
as
boys
enjoyed
happier
and
more
productive
lives
than
those
who
had
not.
＂Boys
who
worked
in
the
home
or
community
gained
competence(能力)
and
came
to
feel
they
were
worthwhile
members
of
society,＂
said
George
Vaillant,
the
psychologist(心理学家)
who
made
the
discovery.
＂And
because
they
felt
good
about
themselves,
others
felt
good
about
them.＂
Vaillant’s
study
followed
these
males
in
great
detail.
Interviews
were
repeated
at
ages
25,31
and
47.
Under
Vaillant,
the
researchers
compared
the
men’s
mental-health
scores
with
their
boyhood-activity
scores.
Points
were
awarded
for
part-time
jobs,
housework,
effort
in
school,
and
ability
to
deal
with
problems.
The
link
between
what
the
men
had
done
as
boys
and
how
they
turned
out
as
adults
was
surprisingly
sharp.
Those
who
had
done
the
most
boyhood
activities
were
twice
as
likely
to
have
warm
relations
with
a
wide
variety
of
people,
five
times
as
likely
to
be
well
paid
and
16
times
less
likely
to
have
been
unemployed.
The
researchers
also
found
that
IQ
and
family
social
and
economic
class
made
no
real
difference
in
how
the
boys
turned
out.
Working
—
at
any
age
—
is
important.
Childhood
activities
help
a
child
develop
responsibility,
independence,
confidence
and
competence
—
the
underpinnings(基础)
of
emotional
health.
They
also
help
him
understand
that
people
must
cooperate
and
work
toward
common
goals.
The
most
competent
adults
are
those
who
know
how
to
do
this.
Yet
work
isn’t
everything.
As
Tolstoy
once
said,
＂One
can
live
magnificently
in
this
world
if
one
knows
how
to
work
and
how
to
love,
to
work
for
the
person
one
loves
and
to
love
one’s
work.＂
46.
What
do
we
know
about
John?
A.
He
enjoyed
his
career
and
marriage.
B.
He
had
few
childhood
playmates.
C.
He
received
little
love
from
his
family.
D.
He
was
envied
by
others
in
his
childhood.
47.
Vaillant’s
words
in
Paragraph
2
serve
as .
A.
a
description
of
personal
values
and
social
values
B.
an
analysis
of
how
work
was
related
to
competence
C.
an
example
for
parents’
expectations
of
their
children
D.
an
explanation
why
some
boys
grew
into
happy
men
48.
Vaillant’s
team
obtained
their
findings
by .
A.
recording
the
boys’
effort
in
school
B.
evaluating
the
men’s
mental
health
C.
comparing
different
sets
of
scores
D.
measuring
the
men’s
problem
solving
ability
49.
What
does
the
underlined
word
＂sharp＂
probably
mean
in
Paragraph
4?
A.
Quick
to
react.
B.
Having
a
thin
edge.
C.
Clear
and
definite.
D.
Sudden
and
rapid.
50.
What
can
be
inferred
from
the
last
paragraph?
A.Competent
adults
know
more
about
love
than
work.
B.Emotional
health
is
essential
to
a
wonderful
adult
life.
C.Love
brings
more
joy
to
people
than
work
does.
D.Independence
is
the
key
to
one’s
success.
【语篇解读】一项研究表明,小时候劳动的男孩长大后更容易享受快乐的生活。
46.
A【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段中的＂He
had
more
job
satisfaction,
a
better
marriage
and
was
healthier＂可知,约翰享受工作和婚姻带来的快乐。
47.
D【解析】考查写作意图。第二段的第二句话＂The
study
showed
that
those...than
those
who
had
not＂告诉
我们,小时候劳动的男孩要比不劳动的男孩成年后更能享受生活且更富有创造性,后面紧接着引用
Vaillant的话来进一步解释为什么有些男孩成年后会享受快乐的生活。
48.
C【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段的内容可知,Vaillant的团队通过比较几组不同的得分情况得出了他
们的结论。
49.
C【解析】考查词义猜测。根据画线词后面的＂Those
who
had
done
the
most
boyhood
activities...less
likely
to
have
been
unemployed＂可知,孩提时代的劳动和长大后的生活之间的联系是显而易见的。
50.
B【解析】考查推理判断。根据最后一段的内容可知,孩提时代的劳动能够培养一个人多方面的能力,这些
能力正是情感健康的基础,同时也能帮助他们过上更快乐的生活。由此可推断出情感健康对享受精彩的
成年生活十分重要。
Passage
10（2016新课标全国卷Ⅲ·C）
If
you
are
a
fruit
grower
—
or
would
like
to
become
one
—
take
advantage
of
Apple
Day
to
see
what’s
around.
It’s
called
Apple
Day
but
in
practice
it’s
more
like
Apple
Month.
The
day
itself
is
on
October
21,
but
since
it
has
caught
on,
events
now
spread
out
over
most
of
October
around
Britain.
Visiting
an
apple
event
is
a
good
chance
to
see,
and
often
taste,
a
wide
variety
of
apples.
To
people
who
are
used
to
the
limited
choice
of
apples
such
as
Golden
Delicious
and
Royal
Gala
in
supermarkets,
it
can
be
quite
an
eye
opener
to
see
the
range
of
classical
apples
still
in
existence,
such
as
Decio
which
was
grown
by
the
Romans.
Although
it
doesn’t
taste
of
anything
special,
it’s
still
worth
a
try,
as
is
the
knobbly(多疙瘩的)
Cat’s
Head
which
is
more
of
a
curiosity
than
anything
else.
There
are
also
varieties
developed
to
suit
specific
local
conditions.
One
of
the
very
best
varieties
for
eating
quality
is
Orleans
Reinette,
but
you’ll
need
a
warm,
sheltered
place
with
perfect
soil
to
grow
it,
so
it’s
a
pipe
dream
for
most
apple
lovers
who
fall
for
it.
At
the
events,
you
can
meet
expert
growers
and
discuss
which
ones
will
best
suit
your
conditions,
and
because
these
are
family
affairs,
children
are
well
catered
for
with
apple-themed
fun
and
games.
Apple
Days
are
being
held
at
all
sorts
of
places
with
an
interest
in
fruit,
including
stately
gardens
and
commercial
orchards(果园).
If
you
want
to
have
a
real
orchard
experience,
try
visiting
the
National
Fruit
Collection
at
Brogdale,
near
Faversham
in
Kent.
8.
What
can
people
do
at
the
apple
events?
A.
Attend
experts’
lectures.
B.
Visit
fruit-loving
families.
C.
Plant
fruit
trees
in
an
orchard.
D.
Taste
many
kinds
of
apples.
9.
What
can
we
learn
about
Decio?
A.
It
is
a
new
variety.
B.
It
has
a
strange
look.
C.
It
is
rarely
seen
now.
D.
It
has
a
special
taste.
10.
What
does
the
underlined
phrase
"a
pipe
dream"
in
Paragraph
3
mean?
A.
A
practical
idea.
B.
A
vain
hope.
C.
A
brilliant
plan.
D.
A
selfish
desire.
11.
What
is
the
author’s
purpose
in
writing
the
text?
A.
To
show
how
to
grow
apples.
B.
To
introduce
an
apple
festival.
C.
To
help
people
select
apples.
D.
To
promote
apple
research.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,对英国苹果节的举办规模、活动安排、苹果种类及种植环境等进行了介绍。
8.
D【解析】考查细节理解。从第二段首句"Visiting
an
apple
event...often
taste,
a
wide
variety
of
apples"可直接
获取答案。
9.
C【解析】考查推理判断。A选项"Decio是一种新品种"与第二段中的"it
can
be...still
in
existence"不一致,
且由这句话可知Decio现在比较罕见,故C项正确;文中并未提及Decio的外形奇异,故B选项错误;D选
项
"It
has
a
special
taste"
与第二段中的原文
"Although
it
doesn’t
taste
of
anything
special,
it’s
still
worth
a
try"表述相反。
10.
B【解析】考查词义猜测。根据第三段可知,Orleans
Reinette品种虽然口感好,但对种植环境和土壤要求高,
因此对于大多数喜欢它的人来说,大饱口福只是一种脱离实际的愿望,这与B项
"A
vain
hope"
(徒劳的希
望)一致。
11.
B【解析】考查写作意图。通读全文可知,这是一篇介绍英国苹果节的文章。
Passage
11（2016
四川·B）
If
you
could
have
one
superpower,
what
would
it
be?
Dreaming
about
whether
you
would
want
to
read
minds,
see
through
walls,
or
have
superhuman
strength
may
sound
silly,
but
it
actually
gets
to
the
heart
of
what
really
matters
in
your
life.
Every
day
in
our
work,
we
are
inspired
by
the
people
we
meet
doing
extraordinary
things
to
improve
the
world.
They
have
a
different
kind
of
superpower
that
all
of
us
possess:
the
power
to
make
a
difference
in
the
lives
of
others.
We’re
not
saying
that
everyone
needs
to
contribute
their
lives
to
the
poor.
Your
lives
are
busy
enough
doing
homework,
playing
sports,
making
friends,
seeking
after
your
dreams.
But
we
do
think
that
you
can
live
a
more
powerful
life
when
you
devote
some
of
your
time
and
energy
to
something
much
larger
than
yourself.
Find
an
issue
you
are
interested
in
and
learn
more.
Volunteer
or,
if
you
can,
contribute
a
little
money
to
a
cause.
Whatever
you
do,
don’t
be
a
bystander.
Get
involved.
You
may
have
the
opportunity
to
make
your
biggest
difference
when
you’re
older.
But
why
not
start
now?
Our
own
experience
working
together
on
health,
development,
and
energy
the
last
twenty
years
has
been
one
of
the
most
rewarding
parts
of
our
lives.
It
has
changed
who
we
are
and
continues
to
fuel
our
optimism
about
how
much
the
lives
of
the
poorest
people
will
improve
in
the
years
ahead.
24.
What
does
the
underlined
part
in
Paragraph
2
refer
to?
A.
Your
life
style.
B.
Your
life
value.
C.
Your
trouble
in
life.
D.
Your
life
experience.
25.
Why
does
the
author
say
they
are
inspired
every
day?
A.
They
possess
different
kinds
of
superpowers.
B.
They
have
got
the
power
to
change
the
world.
C.
Some
people
around
them
are
making
the
world
better.
D.
There
are
many
powerful
people
in
their
life
and
work.
26.
What
does
the
author
stress
in
Paragraph
5?
A.
Learning
more
and
contributing
more
to
a
cause.
B.
Rising
above
self
and
acting
to
help
others.
C.
Working
hard
to
get
a
bigger
opportunity.
D.
Trying
your
best
to
help
the
poor.
27.
What
can
be
inferred
from
the
last
paragraph?
A.
The
author
believes
the
lives
of
the
poorest
will
get
better.
B.
Much
more
progress
will
be
made
in
the
near
future.
C.
The
work
on
health
is
the
most
valuable
experience.
D.
People’s
efforts
have
been
materially
rewarded.
【文章大意】本文以虚拟语气的问句形式开头，鼓励人们奉献自己的一些时间和精力去帮助别人，最穷人的生活将会变得更好。
24.B
【解析】词义猜测题。此处是说，梦想着能读懂别人心思，看穿墙，或者拥有超能力，这些可能听起来很荒唐，但是实际上它是你生活的价值的核心。故选B。
25.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段Every
day
in
our
work,
we
are
inspired
by
the
people
we
meet
doing
extraordinary
things
to
improve
the
world.可知每天在我们的工作中，我们会受到一些人的鼓舞，他们在做一些特别的事情来改善世界。故选C。
26.B
【解析】推理判断题。综合第五段内容可知，作者想要告诉我们，提升自己，行动起来帮助别人。故选B。
27.A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，它已经改变了我们是谁，并将在以后的这些年里继续点燃我们对改善穷人生活的乐观情绪。故选A。
题组二
名校模拟
1.
（河南省九师联盟2019-2020学年高三质量检测）A
society
that
lives
by
the
plastic
fork
may
very
well
die
from
it.
That's
how
things
are
looking.
Anyway,for
a
world
so
used
to
disposable（一次性的）
habits,
any
hope
for
a
solution(解决方案)
also
increasingly
seems
to
be
buried.
Sure,
there
have
been
some
hopeful
ideas.
Boyan
Slat,
the
Dutch
inventor
developed
a
plan
for
Covering
the
Great
Pacific
Garbage
Patch.
Not
long
after
it
started,
Slat's
system
experienced
"material
fatigue(疲劳)"-likely
the
result
of
being
strained(使受到压力)
by
all
that
trash-and
the
task
was
delayed.
AlI
the
while,
the
plastic
increases.
Its
growth
is
very
fast,
according
to
Linda
Wang,
a
professor
of
chemical
engineering
at
Purdue
University.
She
says,
"We'II
have
more
plastic
than
fish
by
2050.
"
Yet
Wang,
along
with
other
researchers
at
Purdue,
may
have
a
solution
not
only
to
this
plastic
problem,
but
also
to
the
growing
need
for
clean
energy.
Her
team
has
developed
a
system
that
turns
waste,
a
durable,
lightweight
material
that
accounts
for
about
a
quarter
of
all
plastic
waste,
into
a
highly
pure
form
of
gasoline.
Publishing
their
findings
in
the
journal
Sustainable
Chemistry
and
Engineering,
the
scientists
state
that
instead
of
making
plastic
go
away,
they
can
break
it
down
and
reuse
it,
using
chemistry
to
destroy
what
chemistry
brought
to
the
world
when
plastic
was
developed
back
in
1907.
The
process
uses
"supercritical"
water-heated
to
around
450
degrees
celsius(842
degrees
Fahrenheit),beyond
the
key
point
at
which
distinct
liquid
and
vapor
phases(气液态)
exist-to
boil
plastic
waste
into
an
oil,the
researchers
explain.
It
takes
a
couple
of
hours
for
the
supercritical
water
to
complete
the
transformation,
but
the
result
is
a
kind
of
oil
that
can
be
used
as
gasoline
or
fuel.
It
can
also
be
turned
into
other
products.
The
researchers
have
only
made
the
transformation
in
a
laboratory
setting
so
far,
but
they
suggest
turning
the
process
to
a
commercial
scale（规模）
may
not
be
far
off.
And
considering
the
300
million
tons
of
plastic
into
the
environment
every
year,
that
day
can't
come
soon
enough.
But
it
will
come
in
time.
12.
Why
is
the
plastic
fork
mentioned
in
paragraph
l?
A.
To
indicate
the
hopeless
future
of
human
life.
B.
To
figure
out
the
solution
to
reducing
plastics.
C.
To
show
the
seriousness
of
the
plastic
problem.
D.
To
tell
people
to
give
up
an
unhealthy
lifestyle.
13.
What
can
we
know
about
Slat's
system?
A.
It
proves
harmful
to
the
Pacific.
B.
It
has
been
abandoned
completely.
C.
It
has
received
many
people's
opposition.
D.
It
met
with
difficulty
while
being
carried
out.
14.
What
is
the
advantage
of
Wang's
system?
A.
It
can
save
fish
in
the
ocean.
B.
It
can
recycle
and
reuse
plastic.
C.
It
can
surely
lower
the
prices
of
gas
and
fuel.
D.
It
can
make
plastic
products
more
affordable.
15.
What
is
the
author's
attitude
towards
Wang's
system?
A.
Hopeful.
B.
Disapproving.
C.
Cautious.
D.
Uncertain.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。社会习惯了塑料制品，但是这对环境和人类是有害的。为了解决望料问题，很多人提出了解决方案，本文主要介绍了Linda
Wang的新系统，它可以回收利用塑料。
12.C
【解析】推理判断题。根据后文解释：That's
how
things
are
looking.
Anyway,
for
a
world
so
used
to
disposable
habits,
any
hope
for
a
solution
also
increasingly
seems
to
be
buried.
可知，人们习惯了使用像塑料叉子之类的塑料制品，以至于找到解决塑料问题的解决方案的机会很渺茫。由此可推断，文章提到塑料叉子是为了表明塑料问题的严重性。故选C项。
13.D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Not
long
after
it
started，Slat's
system
experienced'
material
fatigue
likely
the
result
of
being
strained
by
all
that
trash.
”(
在启动后不久，Slat的系统就经历了“材料疲劳”，这可能是所有垃圾造成的。)可推断，Slat的系统在实施的过程中遇到了困难。故选D项。
14.B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段第3，4句：Yet
Wang,
along
with
other
researchers
at
Purdue,
may
have
a
solution
not
only
to
this
plastic
problem,
but
also
to
the
growing
need
for
clean
energy.
Her
team
has
developed
a
system
that
turns
waste,
a
durable,
lightweight
material
that
accounts
for
about
a
quarter
of
all
plastic
waste,
into
a
highly
pure
form
of
gasoline.
（然而，王和普渡大学的其他研究人员可能不仅解决了这个塑料问题，而且解决了对清洁能源日益增长的需求。她的团队已经开发出一种系统，可以将废物(一种耐用、重量轻的材料，约占所有塑料废物的四分之一)转化为高纯度的汽油。）可知，Wang的系统可以回收利用塑料。故选B项。
15.A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“…that
day
can't
come
soon
enough.
But
it
will
come
in
time.
”（那一天来得越早越好。但它迟早会到来。）可推断，作者对Wang的系统满怀希望。故选A项。
2.
四川省遂宁市2019-2020学年高三上学期第三次联考If
you
follow
these
insider
tips，your
photos
will
look
like
you
had
the
place
to
yourself
at
the
popular
tourist
attractions.
Vatican
Museums:Vatican
City
The
Vatican
draws
more
than
five
million
people
each
year，and
queues
can
reach
four
hours
during
peak
season.
Christie
Hudson，senior
communications
manager
at
Expedia，recommends，choosing
a
skip-the-1ine
tour.
“This
not
only
lets
you
avoid
the
ticket
counter，but
also
includes
the
use
of
a
private
partner
entrance.
”Extra
time
to
visit
the
Sistine
Chapel?
Yes!
Bamboo
Forest:Kyoto，Japan
Bamboo
Forest
is
the
most
worthy
sight
in
Kyoto.
If
you’re
longing
to
enjoy
the
pathways
and
take
pictures
in
total
quietness，Kyoto
Arashiyama
Travel
Guide
recommends
hitting
the
famous
Bamboo
Grove
Path
as
early
in
the
morning
as
possible—think
7
a.
m.
if
you’re
up
for
it.
Don’t
miss
these
hidden
treasures
you
can
only
witness
in
Japan.
Chichen
Itza:Yucatán，Mexico
Home
to
E1
Castillo
and
the
Temple
of
the
Warriors，Chichen
Itza
is
a
must-see.
Want
to
beat
the
rush?
Schedule
an
early
tour
that
takes
place
before
a
site
opens
to
the
public.
Led
by
an
archaeologist
guide，it’s
full
of
fascinating
insights
and
facts—without
tons
of
pack-wearing
tourists.
Louvre
Museum:Paris，France
The
Louvre
is
one
of
the
most
popular
museums
on
the
planet.
If
waiting
around
in
line
to
get
in
isn’t
the
way
you
prefer
to
spend
your
time
in
Paris，consider
purchasing
a
reserved
ticket.
This
will
give
you
entry
to
the
pyramid
within
a
half-hour
window.
The
Louvre
is
also
open
until
9:45
p.
m.
on
Wednesdays
and
Fridays，if
you’re
up
for
some
late-night
art
visits.
16.
What
is
recommended
at
Vatican
Museums
by
Christie
Hudson?
A.
Queuing
four
hours.
B.
Jumping
the
waiting
line.
C.
Taking
a
skip-the-line
tour.
D.
Visiting
the
Sistine
Chapel.
17.
Which
of
the
following
are
available
for
early
tourists
to
avoid
the
rush?
A.
Vatican
Museums
and
Bamboo
Forest.
B.
Chichen
Itza
and
Bamboo
Forest.
C.
Bamboo
Forest
and
Louvre
Museum.
D.
Chichen
Itza
and
Louvre
Museum.
18.
Who
might
this
passage
be
intended
for?
A.
Visitors
interested
in
museums.
B.
Guides
at
the
tourist
attractions.
C.
People
at
the
ticket
counter.
D.
Tourists
to
beat
the
rush.
【答案】
16.
C17.
B18.
D
【文章大意】本文是一则广告。文章介绍四个旅游景点，提供给“赶在高峰之前到达的游客”。
16.
【解析】细节理解题。根据Vatican
Museums:Vatican
City中The
Vatican
draws
more
than
five
million
people
each
year，and
queues
can
reach
four
hours
during
peak
season.
Christie
Hudson，senior
communications
manager
at
Expedia，recommends，choosing
a
skip-the-1ine
tour.
可知，Christie
Hudson在Vatican
Museums中推荐aking
a
skip-the-line
tour.
故答案为C。
17.
【解析】推理判断题。根据Bamboo
Forest:Kyoto，Japan中---Kyoto
Arashiyama
Travel
Guide
recommends
hitting
the
famous
Bamboo
Grove
Path
as
early
in
the
morning
as
possible和Chichen
Itza:Yucatán，Mexico中Want
to
beat
the
rush?
Schedule
an
early
tour
that
takes
place
before
a
site
opens
to
the
public.
可知，为避免高峰Chichen
Itza
和Bamboo
Forest是为早期游客提供的。故选B。
18.
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段If
you
follow
these
insider
tips，your
photos
will
look
like
you
had
the
place
to
yourself
at
the
popular
tourist
attractions.
可知，这篇文章可能是写给“为赶在高峰之前到达的游客”。故选D。
3.
（四川省遂宁市2019-2020学年高三上学期第三次联考）An
experimental
cleanup
device
called
RemoveDEBRIS
has
successfully
cast
a
net
around
a
dummy
(仿真的)
satellite,
imitating
a
technique
that
could
one
day
collect
spaceborne
garbage.
The
test,
which
was
carried
out
this
week,
is
widely
believed
to
be
the
first
successful
demonstration
of
space
cleanup
technology,
experts
told
CNN.
And
it
symbolizes
an
early
step
toward
solving
what
has
already
been
a
critical
issue:
junk
in
space.
Millions
of
pieces
of
junk
are
turning
around
in
orbit,
the
result
of
50
years
of
space
travel
and
few
regulations
to
keep
space
clean.
At
orbital
speeds,
even
a
small
bit
of
paint
crashing
with
a
satellite
can
cause
critical
damage.
Various
companies
have
plans
to
send
thousands
of
new
satellites
into
low-Earth
orbit,
already
the
most
crowded
area.
The
RemoveDEBRIS
experiment
is
run
by
a
company
and
researchers
led
by
the
U.
K.
’s
Surrey
Space
Center
and
includes
Airbus,
Airbus-owned
Surrey
Satellite
Technology
Ltd.
and
France’s
ArianeGroup.
Guglielmo
Aglietti,
the
director
of
Surrey
Space
Center,
said
that
an
operational
version
of
the
RemoveDEBRlS
technology
would
cast
a
net
that
remains
fastened
to
the
main
satellite
so
the
debris
can
be
dragged
out
of
orbit.
It
could
target
large
pieces
of
junk,
including
dead
satellites
up
to
10
meters
long.
The
RemoveDEBRIS
satellite
will
conduct
a
few
more
experiments
in
the
coming
months,
including
testing
navigation
features
that
could
help
guide
the
satellite
to
a
specific
piece
of
debris.
Jonathan
McDowell,
an
astrophysicist
at
the
Harvard-Smithsonian
Center
for
Astrophysics,
said
the
success
of
this
week’s
experiment
was
exciting,
but
he
cautioned
against
“over-
publicizing”
it.
There
are
still
enormous
barriers
to
clear
before
operational
cleanup
tasks
are
underway,
he
said,
and
the
most
discouraging
is
figuring
out
how
to
fund
such
projects.
Aglietti,
the
Surrey
professor
who
helped
lead
the
RemoveDEBRIS
project,
said
“The
challenge
will
lie
in
persuading
the
relevant
authorities
to
sponsor
these
tasks.
”
Aglietti
said
he
hopes
RemoveDEBRIS
will
conduct
a
few
cleanup
tasks
per
year,
targeting
the
largest
pieces
of
junk
in
the
most
crowded
orbits.
19.
What
is
the
use
of
the
RemoveDEBRIS
satellite?
A.
Demonstrating
space
technology.
B.
Imitating
a
developing
technique.
C.
Collecting
wastes
existing
in
space.
D.
Symbolizing
great
progress
in
space.
20.
How
does
the
RemoveDEBRlS
satellite
work?
A.
By
throwing
a
net
to
take
the
junk
from
orbit.
B.
By
fastening
it
to
the
main
satellite
tightly.
C.
By
dragging
satellites
up
to
10
meters
long.
D.
By
targeting
large
pieces
of
junk
carefully.
21.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“sponsor”
in
the
last
paragraph
probably
mean?
A.
Accomplish.
B.
Support.
C.
Oppose.
D.
Provide.
22.
What’s
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
The
RemoveDEBRIS
Project
Is
Perfect
B.
How
RemoveDEBRIS
Is
Invented
in
the
Lab
C.
Why
the
RemoveDEBRIS
Satellite
Is
Invented
D.
Satellite
Collects
Space
Junk
for
the
First
Time
【来源】四川省遂宁市2019-2020学年高三上学期第三次联考英语试题
【答案】
19.
C20.
A21.
B22.
D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是“卫星首次收集太空垃圾。”一种名为“清除碎片”的实验清理设备成功地在一颗虚拟卫星周围撒网，模仿一种有朝一日可能收集太空垃圾的技术。
19.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中imitating
a
technique
that
could
one
day
collect
spaceborne
garbage.
“模仿一种有一天可以收集太空垃圾的技术。”可知，the
RemoveDEBRIS卫星的用途是收集太空中存在的废物。故选C。
20.
【解析】推理判断题。根据第六段中said
that
an
operational
version
of
the
RemoveDEBRlS
technology
would
cast
a
net
that
remains
fastened
to
the
main
satellite
so
the
debris
can
be
dragged
out
of
orbit.
It
could
target
large
pieces
of
junk,
including
dead
satellites
up
to
10
meters
long.
“该公司表示，一种操作性版本的RemoveDEBRlS技术将会在主卫星上撒网，这样碎片就可以被拖出轨道。它可以瞄准大块的垃圾，包括长达10米的报废卫星。”可知，RemoveDEBRlS卫星是通过撒网把垃圾带离轨道。故选A。
21.
词义猜测题。根据最后一段中Aglietti
said
he
hopes
RemoveDEBRIS
will
conduct
a
few
cleanup
tasks
per
year,
targeting
the
largest
pieces
of
junk
in
the
most
crowded
orbits.
“Aglietti说，他希望清理碎片的工作每年能进行几次，目标是最拥挤轨道上最大的垃圾碎片。”由此推知，“挑战在于说服有关当局赞助这些任务。”可知，划线词的意思是“支持”。故选B。
22.
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段中The
test,
which
was
carried
out
this
week,
is
widely
believed
to
be
the
first
successful
demonstration
of
space
cleanup
technology,
experts
told
CNN.
And
it
symbolizes
an
early
step
toward
solving
what
has
already
been
a
critical
issue:
junk
in
space.
“专家告诉CNN，本周进行的这次测试被广泛认为是太空清洁技术的首次成功演示。它象征着解决太空垃圾这一关键问题的第一步。”可知，本文主题是“卫星首次收集太空垃圾”。故选D。
4.
四川省遂宁市2019-2020学年高三上学期第三次联考
If
American
waterways
had
ever
been
voted
on
the
yearbook，the
Buffalo
River
could
easily
have
been
named
Ugliest.
It
could
be
hard
to
find
hope
there.
It
took
decades
for
public
perception
of
the
river
to
shift.
But
activist
citizens，who
collaborated
with
industry，government，and
environment
groups
never
gave
up
on
their
polluted
river—the
Buffalo
River
gradually
went
from
being
considered
a
lost
cause
to
a
place
worth
fighting
for.
And
by
now
the
cleaned—up
water
is
one
of
Buffalo’S
biggest
attractions.
By
the
1960s，the
river
was
seen
as
one
of
the
worst
sources
of
pollution
pouring
into
the
Great
Lakes.
The
Buffalo
River
had
caught
fire
many
times.
The
surface
had
an
oily
layer，and
any
fish
caught
there
were
not
eatable.
The
waterway’s
fate
started
shifting
in
the
mid-1960s.
Stanley
Spisiak
was
a
local
Polish—American
jeweler
by
day，but
by
evening
he
was
the
kind
of
guy
who’d
chase
down
dumpers(垃圾车)he
spotted
on
the
Buffalo
River.
By
1966
he
found
himself
winning
the
National
Wildlife
Federation’s“Water
Conservationist
of
the
Year”award.
And
before
long
he
got
a
nickname:“Mr.
Buffalo
River.
”But
there
was
only
so
much
he
could
do—the
river
was
still
declared
biologically
dead
in
1969.
Jill
Spisiak
Jedlicka
is
his
great-grandniece.
She
picks
up
where
he
left
off
by
directing
the
river’s
protector
organization，Buffalo
Niagara
Waterkeeper.
Professor
Schneekloth
and
seven
friends
founded
the
organization
as
an
all-volunteer
nonprofit
in
1989，after
organizing
the
first
river
cleanup
that
year.
Today
the
group
employs
27
full-time
workers
and
has
helped
oversee
the
Buffalo
River’s
$100
million
restoration.
So
far，the
Buffalo
River’s
water
quality
has
restored，but
it
is
still
an
ongoing
issue，as
sewage(污水)can
overflow
into
the
river
after
storms.
Habitat
restoration
continues
as
well；fish
and
plantings
are
still
being
sampled
to
measure
how
well
it’s
gone.
1.
What
did
the
Buffalo
River
use
to
be?
A.
A
waterway
on
the
yearbook.
B.
A
river
heavily
polluted.
C.
A
great
attraction
of
Buffalo’s.
D.
A
place
worth
fighting
for.
2.
Why
was
Mr.
Spisiak
named“Mr.
Buffalo
River”?
A.
Because
his
fate
shifted
in
the
1
960s.
B.
Because
he
spotted
dumpers
on
the
River.
C.
Because
he
spared
no
efforts
to
protect
the
river.
D.
Because
the
river
was
declared
biologically
dead.
3.
How
long
did
it
take
for
the
river
to
restore?
A.
More
than
half
a
century.
B.
Just
four
decades.
C.
About
30
years.
D.
Only
27
years.
4.
What
c解密15
阅读理解之词义猜测题
词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。
【命题趋势】
1.要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词
在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
2.要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词
义的具体内容。
3.代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用＂逻辑关系梳理法＂、＂递向寻踪法＂理清人物及事物
之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【设问形式】
1.
The
underlined
word
＂…＂
in
the
second(third…)
paragraph
refers
to(means)
______.
2.
By
saying
that
＂…＂
in
the
first(second…)
paragraph,
the
author
means
that
______.
3.
In
paragraph
…,
＂…＂
can
be
replaced
by
＂______＂.
4.
The
meaning
of
＂…＂
in
paragraph…
is
related
to
______.
5.
Which
of
the
following
has
the
closest
meaning
to…(paragraph…)?
6.
The
underlined
sentence
in
the
…
paragraph
probably
means
that
_____.
对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。
一
、相似法：
利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。
…Fermat’s
Last
Theorem（定理）,
first
put
forward
by
the
French
mathematician
Pierre
de
Fermat
in
the
seventeenth
century,
the
theorem
had
baffled
and
beaten
the
finest
mathematical
minds,
including
a
French
woman
scientists
who
made
a
major
advance
in
working
out
the
problem,
and
who
had
to
dress
like
a
man
in
order
to
be
able
to
study
at
the
Ecole
Polytechnique.
…
65.
Which
of
the
following
best
explains
the
meaning
of
the
word
“baffle”
as
it
is
used
in
the
text?
A.
To
encourage
people
to
raise
questions.
B.
To
cause
difficulty
in
understanding.
C.
To
provide
a
person
with
an
explanation.
D.
To
limit
people’s
imagination.
【答案】B
【解析】由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具有数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁（beat），并且在句中beaten和baffled处于同等的并列关系，根据这一信息可以推出baffle表示“使困惑、难倒、难以理解”的意思。
二、对比法：
利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot
and
cold,
perfect
and
imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
表示对比的信号词有yet,
but,
while,
though,
however,
otherwise,
on
the
one
hand...on
the
other
hand,
for
one
thing...for
another
thing,
instead
of等。
…A
child’s
birthday
party
doesn’t
have
to
be
a
hassle
;
it
can
be
a
basket
of
fun,
according
to
Beth
Anaclerio,
an
Evaston
mother
of
two,
ages
4
and
18
months.
…
74.What
does
the
underlined
word
“hassle”
probably
mean?
A.
A
party
designed
by
specialists.
B.
A
plan
requiring
careful
thought.
C.
A
situation
causing
difficulty
or
trouble.
D.
A
demand
made
by
guests.
【答案】C
【解析】根据前句的否定doesn’t与后句的肯定can
be这一对比关系，可以判断出，为了庆祝孩子的生日，又不至于麻烦，可以买一个生日开心包。Hassle的意思应该与fun相反，而与difficulty,
trouble相近。答案为C。
三、释义法：
有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。
常见的词有：mean,
that
is,
in
other
words,
for
example,
for
instance,
such
as...
1.
全国Ⅰ卷
B
26.
While
I
tend
to
buy
a
lot
of
books,
these
three
were
given
to
me
as
gifs,
which
might
add
to
the
meaning
I
attach
to
them.
But
I
imagine
that,
while
money
is
indeed
wonderful
and
necessary,
rereading
an
author’s
work
is
the
highest
currency
a
reader
can
pay
them.
The
best
books
are
the
ones
that
open
further
as
time
passes.
But
remember,
it’s
you
that
has
to
grow
and
read
and
reread
in
order
to
better
understand
your
friends.
词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while
money
is
indeed
wonderful
and
necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading
an
author’s
work
is
the
highest
currency
a
reader
can
pay
them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。
2.
“Organic
produce
is
always
better,
”
Gold
said.
“The
food
is
free
of
pesticides
(农药),
and
you
are
generally
supporting
family
farms
instead
of
large
farms.
And
more
often
than
not
it
is
locally
(本地)grown
and
seasonal,
so
it
is
more
tasty.”
Gold
is
one
of
a
growing
number
of
shoppers
buying
into
the
organic
trend,
and
supermarkets
across
Britain
are
counting
on
more
like
him
as
they
grow
their
organic
food
business.
62.
What
is
the
meaning
of
“the
organic
trend”
as
the
words
are
used
in
the
text?
A.
Growing
interest
in
organic
food.
B.
Better
quality
of
organic
food.
C.
Rising
market
for
organic
food.
D.
Higher
prices
of
organic
food.
【答案】A
【解析】由Gold
is
one
of
a
growing
number
of
shoppers
buying
something可以推断出，越来越多的顾客像Gold一样开始购买有机食物，其实也就是对这类食物产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。答案为A。
四、语境推断法：
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。
1．根据对比关系猜测词义
在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike,
not,
but,
however,
despite,
in
spite
of,
in
contrast
等。表示对比关系的句子结构：while
引导的并列句。
例如：A
child’s
birthday
party
doesn’t
have
to
be
a
hassle;
it
can
be
a
basket
of
fun.
What
does
the
underlined
word
＂hassle＂
(paragraph
1)
probably
mean?
A.
a
party
designed
by
specialists
B.
a
plan
requiring
careful
thought
C.
a
situation
causing
difficulty
or
trouble
D.
a
demand
made
by
guests
根据对比关系，这里hassle
和
a
basket
of
fun
是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为C。
2．根据比较关系猜测词义
同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly,
like,
just
as,
also,
as
well
as
等。
例如：Green
loves
to
talk,
and
his
brothers
are
similarly
loquacious.
该句中副词similarly表明短语loves
to
talk和loquacious
之间的比较关系，其意义相近。由此我们可推断出loquacious的意思是＂健谈的＂。
3．根据因果关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。
例如：I
feel
that
since
you
are
my
superior
,
it
would
be
presumptuous
of
me
to
tell
you
what
to
do
.
The
word
＂presumptuous＂
in
the
middle
of
the
passage
is
closest
in
meaning
to
＂__________
＂.
A．full
of
respect
B．too
confident
and
rude
C．lacking
in
experience
D．too
shy
and
quiet
根据since
引导的原因状语从句的内容（＂既然你是我的上司＂），我们可以推断这里presumptuous的意思是：＂冒失的，放肆的＂意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。对应的理解题答案为：B。
Pruning
is
important
because
it
encourages
the
growth
of
tender
shoots,
or
young
leaves.
根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以判断Pruning的意思是：＂修剪（树枝等）＂的意思。
4．根据同义、近义、并列、替代、说明等关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。
例如：William
Shakespeare
said.
＂The
web
of
our
life
is
of
a
mingled
yarn（纱线），good
and
ill
together.＂
The
underlined
word
＂mingled＂
in
the
last
paragraph
most
probably
means
.
A．simple
B．mixed
C．sad
D．happy
句中good
and
ill
together
更具体地说明了
a
mingled
yarn的意义，据此我们不难推测mingled的意思是：＂混合的，交织的＂，答案是：B。
Is
it
possible
to
beat
high
blood
pressure
without
drugs
?
The
answer
is
＂yes＂,
according
to
the
researchers
at
Johns
Hopkins
and
three
other
medical
centers.
根据and
three
other
medical
centers
这种并列关系，我们很容易推断出：Johns
Hopkins
是一家医疗中心。
【2020·全国卷II，C】
The
fur
trade
kept
nutria
check
for
decades，but
when
the
market
for
nutria
collapsed
in
the
late
1980s，the
cat-sized
animals
multiplied
like
crazy.
Biologist
Edmond
Mouton
runs
the
nutria
control
program
for
Louisiana.
He
says
it’s
not
easy
to
convince
people
that
nutria
fur
is
green,
but
he
has
no
doubt
about
it.
Hunters
bring
in
more
than
300,000
nutria
tails
a
year,
so
part
of
Mouton’s
job
these
days
is
trying
to
promote
fur.
30.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“collapsed”
in
paragraph
5
probably
mean?
A.
Boomed.
B.
Became
mature.
C.
Remained
stable.
D.
Crashed.
答案：30.
D
解析：
词义猜测题。根据第五段The
fur
trade
kept
nutria
in
check
for
decades,
but
when
the
market
for
nutria
collapsed
in
the
late
1980s,the
cat-sized
animals
multiplied
like
crazy.
得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed
是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。
五、构词推断法：
阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un,
fore,
see
,
able；其中
see
是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
1．根据前缀猜测词义
例如：Do
you
have
any
strong
opinion
on
co-educational
or
single-sex
schools?
根据词根educational
（教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：＂男女同校教育的＂意思。
2．根据后缀猜测词义
例如：It's
a
quiet,
comfortable
hotel
overlooking
(俯瞰)
the
bay
in
an
uncommercialized
Cornish
fishing
village
on
England's
most
southerly
point．
后缀
-ise/ize意思是＂使成为…；使…化＂，结合词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出
uncommercialized
的意思是：＂未被商业化的＂。
3．根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
例如：Good
tool
design
is
important
in
the
prevention
of
overuse
injuries.
Well-designed
tools
and
equipment
will
require
less
force
to
operate
them
and
prevent
awkward（别扭的）hand
positions.
Well-designed
或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well
（好，优秀）和design
（设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是＂设计精巧的＂意思。
We
live
in
a
technological
society
where
most
goods
are
mass-produced
by
unskilled
labor.
Because
of
this,
most
people
that
craft
(手艺)
no
longer
exists.
根据合成词中的mass
（大量的）和produce
（生产），我们可以推测
mass-produce的意思是：＂大批量生产；规模生产＂的意思。
【2020·山东卷，D】
According
to
a
recent
study
in
the
Journal
of
Consumer
Research,
both
the
size
and
consumption
habits
of
our
eating
companions
can
influence
our
food
intake.
And
contrary
to
existing
research
that
says
you
should
avoid
eating
with
heavier
people
who
order
large
portions(份),
it's
the
beanpoles
with
big
appetites
you
really
need
to
avoid.
13.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“beanpoles”
in
paragraph
1
refer
to?
A.
Big
eaters.
B.
Overweight
persons.
C.
Picky
eaters.
D.
Tall
thin
persons.
答案：13.
D.
解析：
词义猜测题。根据构词法，bean:指豆子；pole:
杆子，合起来，豆杆一样的人，可知，此处指又高又瘦的人。另外结合语境，前半句“And
contrary
to
existing
research
that
says
you
should
avoid
eating
with
heavier
people
who
order
large
portions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the
beanpoles
with
big
appetites。由contrary
to可推断出，画线词和heavier
people（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier
people正好相反。故选D。
题组一
真题在线
Passage
1(2018·全国新课标卷III，D)
Adults
understand
what
it
feels
like
to
be
flooded
with
objects.
Why
do
we
often
assume
that
more
is
more
when
it
comes
to
kids
and
their
belongings?
The
good
news
is
that
I
can
help
my
own
kids
learn
earlier
than
I
did
how
to
live
more
with
less.
I
found
the
pre-holidays
a
good
time
to
encourage
young
children
to
donate
less-used
things,
and
it
worked.
Because
of
our
efforts,
our
daughter
Georgia
did
decide
to
donate
a
large
bag
of
toys
to
a
little
girl
whose
mother
was
unable
to
pay
for
her
holiday
due
to
illness.
She
chose
to
sell
a
few
larger
objects
that
were
less
often
used
when
we
promised
to
put
the
money
into
her
school
fund(基金）(our
kindergarten
daughter
is
serious
about
becoming
a
doctor)
For
weeks,
I've
been
thinking
of
bigger,
deeper
questions:
How
do
we
make
it
a
habit
for
them?
And
how
do
we
train
ourselves
to
help
them
live
with,
need,
and
use
less?
Yesterday,
I
sat
with
my
son,
Shepherd,
determined
to
test
my
own
theory
on
this.
I
decided
to
play
with
him
with
only
one
toy
for
as
long
as
it
would
keep
his
interest.
I
expected
that
one
toy
would
keep
his
attention
for
about
five
minutes,
ten
minutes,
max.
I
chose
a
red
rubber
ball-simple,
universally
available.
We
passed
it,
he
tried
to
put
it
in
his
mouth,
he
tried
bouncing
it,
rolling
it,
sitting
on
it,
throwing
it.
It
was
totally,
completely
enough
for
him.
Before
I
knew
it
an
hour
had
passed
and
it
was
time
to
move
on
to
lunch.
We
both
became
absorbed
in
the
simplicity
of
playing
together.
He
had
my
full
attention
and
I
had
his.
My
little
experiment
to
find
joy
in
a
single
object
worked
for
both
of
us.
32.
What
do
the
words
“more
is
more”
in
Paragraph
1
probably
mean?
A.
The
more,
the
better.
B.
Enough
is
enough.
C.
More
money,
more
worries.
D.
Earn
more
and
spend
more.
33.
What
made
Georgia
agree
to
sell
some
of
her
objects?
A.
Saving
up
for
her
holiday
B.
Raising
money
for
a
poor
girl
C.
Adding
the
money
to
her
fund
D.
Giving
the
money
to
a
sick
mother
34.
Why
did
the
author
play
the
ball
with
Shepherd?
A.
To
try
out
an
idea
B.
To
show
a
parent's
love
C.
To
train
his
attention
D.
To
help
him
start
a
hobby
35.
What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A.
Take
It
or
Leave
It
B.
A
Lesson
from
Kids
C.
Live
More
with
Less
D.
The
Pleasure
of
Giving
Passage
2(2018·全国新课标卷III，D)
Steven
Stein
likes
to
follow
garbage
trucks.
His
strange
habit
makes
sense
when
you
consider
that
he’s
an
environmental
scientist
who
studies
how
to
reduce
litter,
including
things
that
fall
off
garbage
trucks
as
they
drive
down
the
road.
What
is
even
more
interesting
is
that
one
of?Stein's
jobs
is
defending
an
industry
behind
the
plastic
shopping
bags.
Americans
use
more
than
100
billion
thin
film
plastic
bags
every
year.
So
many
end
up
in
tree
branches
or
along
highways
that
a
growing
number
of
cities
do
not
allow
them
at
checkouts(收银台)
.
The
bags
are
prohibited
in
some
90
cities
in
California,
including
Los
Angeles.
Eyeing
these
headwinds,
plastic-bag
makers
are
hiring
scientists
like?Stein?to?make
the
case
that
their
products
are
not
as
bad
for
the
planet
as
most
people
assume.
Among
the
bag
makers'
argument:
many
cities
with
bans
still
allow
shoppers?to?purchase
paper
bags,
which
are
easily
recycled
but
require
more
energy?to?produce
and
transport.
And
while
plastic
bags
may
be
ugly?to?look
at,
they
represent
a
small
percentage
of
all?garbage?on
the
ground
today
The
industry
has
also
taken
aim
at
the
product
that
has
appeared
as
its
replacement:
reusable
shopping
bags.
The
stronger
a
reusable
bag
is,
the
longer
its
life
and
the
more
plastic-bag
use
it
cancels
out.
However,
longer-lasting
reusable
bags
often
require
more
energy?to?make.
One
study
found
that
a
cotton
bag
must
be
used
at
least
131
times
to
be
better
for
the
planet
than
plastic.
Environmentalists
don't
dispute（质疑）
these
points.
They
hope
paper
bags
will
be
banned
someday
too
and
want
shoppers?to?use
the
same
reusable
bags
for
years.
24.
What
has
Steven
Stein
been
hired
to
do?
A.
Help
increase
grocery
sales.
B.
Recycle
the
waste
material.
C.
Stop
things
falling
off
trucks.
D.
Argue
for
the
use
of
plastic
bags.
25.
What
does
the
word
“headwinds”in
paragraph
2
refer
to?
A.
Bans
on
plastic
bags.
B.
Effects
of
city
development.
C.
Headaches
caused
by
garbage.
D.
Plastic
bags
hung
in
trees.
26.
What
is
a
disadvantage
of
reusable
bags
according
to
plastic-bag
makers?
A.
They
are
quite
expensive.
B.
Replacing
them
can
be
difficult.
C.
They
are
less
strong
than
plastic
bags.
D.
Producing
them
requires
more
energy.
27.
What
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
Plastic,
Paper
or
Neither
B.
Industry,
Pollution
and
Environment
C.
Recycle
or
Throw
Away
D.
Garbage
Collection
and
Waste
Control
Passage
3（2018﹒江苏卷，B）
In
the
1760s,
Mathurin
Roze
opened
a
series
of
shops
that
boasted(享有）a
special
meat
soup
called
consomme.
Although
the
main
attraction
was
the
soup,
Roze's
chain
shops
also
set
a
new
standard
for
dining
out,
which
helped
to
establish
Roze
as
the
inventor
of
the
modern
restaurant.
Today,
scholars
have
generated
large
amounts
of
instructive
research
about
restaurants.
Take
visual
hints
that
influence
what
we
eat:
diners
served
themselves
about
20
percent
more
pasta(意大利面食）when
their
plates
matched
their
food.
When
a
dark-colored
cake
was
served
on
a
black
plate
rather
than
a
white
one,
customers
recognized
it
as
sweeter
and
more
tasty.
Lighting
matters,
too.
When
Berlin
restaurant
customers
ate
in
darkness,
they
couldn't
tell
how
much
they'd
had:
those
given
extra-large
shares
ate
more
than
everyone
else,
but
were
none
the
wiser—they
didn’t
feel
fuller,
and
they
were
just
as
ready
for
dessert.
Time
is
money,
but
that
principle
means
different
things
for
different
types
of
restaurants.
Unlike
fast-food
places.
fine
dining
shops
prefer
customers
to
stay
longer
and
spend.
One
way
to
encourage
customers
to
stay
and
order
that
extra
round:
put
on
some
Mozart(莫扎特）.When
classical,
rather
than
pop,
music
was
playing,
diners
spent
more.
Fast
music
hurried
diners
out.
Particular
scents
also
have
an
effect:
diners
who
got
the
scent
of
lavender(薰衣草）stayed
longer
and
spent
more
than
those
who
smelled
lemon,
or
no
scent.
Meanwhile,
things
that
you
might
expect
to
discourage
spending—"bad"
tables,
crowding,
high
prices
—
don't
necessarily.
Diners
at
bad
tables
—
next
to
the
kitchen
door,
say
—
spent
nearly
as
much
as
others
but
soon
fled.
It
can
be
concluded
that
restaurant
keepers
need
not
"be
overly
concerned
about
‘bad'
tables,"
given
that
they're
profitable.
As
for
crowds,
a
Hong
Kong
study
found
that
they
increased
a
restaurant's
reputation,
suggesting
great
food
at
fair
prices.
And
doubling
a
buffet's
price
led
customers
to
say
that
its
pizza
was
11
percent
tastier.
58.
The
underlined
phrase
"none
the
wiser"
in
paragraph
3
most
probably
implies
that
the
customers
were
.
A.
not
aware
of
eating
more
than
usual
B.
not
willing
to
share
food
with
others
C.
not
conscious
of
the
food
quality
D.
not
fond
of
the
food
provided
59.
How
could
a
fine
dining
shop
make
more
profit?
A.
playing
classical
music.
B.
Introducing
lemon
scent.
C.
Making
the
light
brighter,
D.
Using
plates
of
larger
size.
60.
What
does
the
last
paragraph
talk
about?
A.
Tips
to
attract
more
customers.
B.
Problems
restaurants
are
faced
with.
C.
Ways
to
improve
restaurants'
reputation.
D.
Common
misunderstandings
about
restaurants.
Passage
4(2017·新课标卷II，D)
When
a
leafy
plant
is
under
attack,
it
doesn’t
sit
quietly.
Back
in
1983,
two
scientists,
Jack
Schultz
and
Ian
Baldwin,
reported
that
young
maple
trees
getting
bitten
by
insects
send
out
a
particular
smell
that
neighboring
plants
can
get.
These
chemicals
come
from
the
injured
parts
of
the
plant
and
seem
to
be
an
alarm.
What
the
plants
pump
through
the
air
is
a
mixture
of
chemicals
known
as
volatile
organic
compounds,
VOCs
for
short.
Scientists
have
found
that
all
kinds
of
plants
give
out
VOCs
when
being
attacked
.It’s
a
plant’s
way
of
crying
out.
But
is
anyone
listening?
Apparently.
Because
we
can
watch
the
neighbours
react.
Some
plants
pump
out
smelly
chemicals
to
keep
insects
away.
But
others
do
double
duty.
They
pump
out
perfumes
designed
to
attract
different
insects
who
are
natural
enemies
to
the
attackers.
Once
they
arrive,
the
tables
are
turned.
The
attacker
who
was
lunching
now
becomes
lunch.
In
study
after
study,
it
appears
that
these
chemical
conversations
help
the
neighbors
.The
damage
is
usually
more
serious
on
the
first
plant,
but
the
neighbors,
relatively
speaking,
stay
safer
because
they
heard
the
alarm
and
knew
what
to
do.
Does
this
mean
that
plants
talk
to
each
other?
Scientists
don’t
know.
Maybe
the
first
plant
just
made
a
cry
of
pain
or
was
sending
a
message
to
its
own
branches,
and
so,
in
effect,
was
talking
to
itself.
Perhaps
the
neighbors
just
happened
to
“overhear”
the
cry.
So
information
was
exchanged,
but
it
wasn’t
a
true,
intentional
back
and
forth.
Charles?Darwin,?over?150?years?ago,?imagined?a?world?far?busier,?noisier?and?more?intimate(亲密的)
?than?the?world?we?can?see?and?hear.?Our?senses?are?weak.?There’s?a?whole?lot?going?on.
32.?What?does?a?plant?do?when?it?is?under?attack?
A.?It?makes?noises.?????
B.?It?gets?help?from?other?plants.
C.?It?stands?quietly????
D.?It?sends?out?certain?chemicals.
33.?What?does?the?author?mean?by?“the?tables?are?turned”?in?paragraph?3?
A.?The?attackers?get?attacked.
B.?The?insects?gather?under?the?table.
C.?The?plants?get?ready?to?fight?back.
D.?The?perfumes?attract?natural?enemies.
34.Scientists
find
from
their
studies
that
plants
can
.
A.
predict
natural
disasters
B.
protect
themselves
against
insects
C.
talk
to
one
another
intentionally
D.
help
their
neighbors
when
necessary
35.what
can
we
infer
from
the
last
paragraph?
A.
The
world
is
changing
faster
than
ever.
B.
People
have
stronger
senses
than
before
C.
The
world
is
more
complex
than
it
seems
D.
People
in
Darwin’s
time
were
imaginative.
Passage
5
(2017·新课标III卷，C)
After
years
of
heated
debate,
gray
wolves
were
reintroduced
to
Yellowstone
National
Park.
Fourteen
wolves
were
caught
in
Canada
and
transported
to
the
park.
By
last
year,
the
Yellowstone
wolf
population
had
grown
to
more
than
170
wolves.
Gray
wolves
once
were
seen
here
and
there
in
the
Yellowstone
area
and
much
of
the
continental
United
States,
but
they
were
gradually
displaced
by
human
development.
By
the
1920s,
wolves
had
practically
disappeared
from
the
Yellowstone
area.
They
went
farther
north
into
the
deep
forests
of
Canada,
where
there
were
fewer
humans
around.
The
disappearance
of
the
wolves
had
many
unexpected
results.
Deer
and
elk
populations
—
major
food
sources
(来源)
for
the
wolf
—
grew
rapidly.
These
animals
consumed
large
amounts
of
vegetation
(植被),
which
reduced
plant
diversity
in
the
park.
In
the
absence
of
wolves,
coyote
populations
also
grew
quickly.
The
coyotes
killed
a
large
percentage
of
the
park’s
red
foxes,
and
completely
drove
away
the
park’s
beavers.
As
early
as
1966,
biologists
asked
the
government
to
consider
reintroducing
wolves
to
Yellowstone
Park.
They
hoped
that
wolves
would
be
able
to
control
the
elk
and
coyote
problems.
Many
farmers
opposed
the
plan
because
they
feared
that
wolves
would
kill
their
farm
animals
or
pets.
The
government
spent
nearly
30
years
coming
up
with
a
plan
to
reintroduce
the
wolvers.
The
U.S.
Fish
and
Wildlife
Service
carefully
monitors
and
manages
the
wolf
packs
in
Yellowstone.
Today,
the
debate
continues
over
how
well
the
gray
wolf
is
fitting
in
at
Yellowstone.
Elk,
deer,
and
coyote
populations
are
down,
while
beavers
and
red
foxes
have
made
a
comeback.
The
Yellowstone
wolf
project
has
been
a
valuable
experiment
to
help
biologists
decide
whether
to
reintroduce
wolves
to
other
parts
of
the
country
as
well.
28.
What
is
the
text
mainly
about?
A.
Wildlife
research
in
the
United
States.
B.
Plant
diversity
in
the
Yellowstone
area.
C.
The
conflict
between
farmers
and
gray
wolves.
D.
The
reintroduction
of
wolves
to
Yellowstone
Park.
29.
What
does
the
underlined
word
＂displaced＂
in
paragraph
2
mean?
A.
Tested.
B.
Separated.
C.
Forced
out.
D.
Tracked
down.
30.
What
did
the
disappearance
of
gray
wolves
bring
about?
A.
Damage
to
local
ecology.
B.
A
decline
in
the
park’s
income.
C.
Preservation
of
vegetation.
D.
An
increase
in
the
variety
of
animals.
31.
What
is
the
author’s
attitude
towards
the
Yellowstone
wolf
project?
A.
Doubtful.
B.
Positive.
C.
Disapproving.
D.
Uncaring.
Passage
6
(2017·天津卷)
This
month,
Germany’s
transport
minister,
Alexander
Dobrindt,
proposed
the
first
set
of
rules
for
autonomous
vehicles(自主驾驶车辆).
They
would
define
the
driver’s
role
in
such
cars
and
govern
how
such
cars
perform
in
crashes
where
lives
might
be
lost.
The
proposal
attempts
to
deal
with
what
some
call
the
“death
valley”
of
autonomous
vehicles:
the
grey
area
between
semi-autonomous
and
fully
driverless
cars
that
could
delay
the
driverless
future.
Dobrindt
wants
three
things:
that
a
car
always
chooses
property(财产)
damage
over
personal
injury;
that
it
never
distinguishes
between
humans
based
on
age
or
race;
and
that
if
a
human
removes
his
or
her
hands
from
the
driving
wheel
—
to
check
email,
say
—
the
car’s
maker
is
responsible
if
there
is
a
crash.
“The
change
to
the
road
traffic
law
will
permit
fully
automatic
driving,”
says
Dobrindt.
It
will
put
fully
driverless
cars
on
an
equal
legal
footing
to
human
drivers,
he
says.
Who
is
responsible
for
the
operation
of
such
vehicles
is
not
clear
among
car
makers,
consumers
and
lawyers.
“The
liability(法律责任)
issue
is
the
biggest
one
of
them
all,”
says
Natasha
Merat
at
the
University
of
Leeds,
UK.
An
assumption
behind
UK
insurance
for
driverless
cars,
introduced
earlier
this
year,
insists
that
a
human
“be
watchful
and
monitoring
the
road”
at
every
moment.
But
that
is
not
what
many
people
have
in
mind
when
thinking
of
driverless
cars.
“When
you
say
‘driverless
cars’,
people
expect
driverless
cars.”
Merat
says.
“You
know
—
no
driver.”
Because
of
the
confusion,
Merat
thinks
some
car
makers
will
wait
until
vehicles
can
be
fully
automated
without
operation.
Driverless
cars
may
end
up
being
a
form
of
public
transport
rather
than
vehicles
you
own,
says
Ryan
Calo
at
Stanford
University,
California.
That
is
happening
in
the
UK
and
Singapore,
where
government-provided
driverless
vehicles
are
being
launched.
That
would
go
down
poorly
in
the
US,
however.
“The
idea
that
the
government
would
take
over
driverless
cars
and
treat
them
as
a
public
good
would
get
absolutely
nowhere
here,”
says
Calo.
46.
What
does
the
phrase
“death
valley”
in
Paragraph
2
refer
to?
A.
A
place
where
cars
often
break
down.
B.
A
case
where
passing
a
law
is
impossible.
C.
An
area
where
no
driving
is
permitted.
D.
A
situation
where
drivers’
role
is
not
clear.
47.
The
proposal
put
forward
by
Dobrindt
aims
to
__________.
A.
stop
people
from
breaking
traffic
rules
B.
help
promote
fully
automatic
driving
C.
protect
drivers
of
all
ages
and
races
D.
prevent
serious
property
damage
48.
What
do
consumers
think
of
the
operation
of
driverless
cars?
A.
It
should
get
the
attention
of
insurance
companies.
B.
It
should
be
the
main
concern
of
law
makers.
C.
It
should
not
cause
deadly
traffic
accidents.
D.
It
should
involve
no
human
responsibility.
49.
Driverless
vehicles
in
public
transport
see
no
bright
future
in
_________.
A.
Singapore
B.
the
UK
C.
the
US
D.
Germany
50.
What
could
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.
Autonomous
Driving:
Whose
Liability?
B.
Fully
Automatic
Cars:
A
New
Breakthrough
C.
Autonomous
Vehicles:
Driver
Removed!
D.
Driverless
Cars:
Root
of
Road
Accidents
Passage
7
(2017·江苏卷)
Before
birth,
babies
can
tell
the
difference
between
loud
sounds
and
voices.
They
can
even
distinguish
their
mother’s
voice
from
that
of
a
female
stranger.
But
when
it
comes
to
embryonic
learning
(胎教),
birds
could
rule
the
roost.
As
recently
reported
in
The
Auk:
Ornithological
Advances,
some
mother
birds
may
teach
their
young
to
sing
even
before
they
hatch
(孵化).
New-born
chicks
can
then
imitate
their
mom’s
call
within
a
few
days
of
entering
the
world.
This
educational
method
was
first
observed
in
2012
by
Sonia
Kleindorfer,
a
biologist
at
Flinders
University
in
South
Australia,
and
her
colleagues.
Female
Australian
superb
fairy
wrens
were
found
to
repeat
one
sound
over
and
over
again
while
hatching
their
eggs.
When
the
eggs
were
hatched,
the
baby
birds
made
the
similar
chirp
to
their
mothers—a
sound
that
served
as
their
regular
＂feed
me!＂
call.
To
find
out
if
the
special
quality
was
more
widespread
in
birds,
the
researchers
sought
the
red-backed
fairy
wren,
another
species
of
Australian
songbird.
First
they
collected
sound
data
from
67
nests
in
four
sites
in
Queensland
before
and
after
hatching.
Then
they
identified
begging
calls
by
analyzing
the
order
and
number
of
notes.
A
computer
analysis
blindly
compared
calls
produced
by
mothers
and
chicks,
ranking
them
by
similarity.
It
turns
out
that
baby
red-backed
fairy
wrens
also
emerge
chirping
like
their
moms.
And
the
more
frequently
mothers
had
called
to
their
eggs,
the
more
similar
were
the
babies’
begging
calls.
In
addition,
the
team
set
up
a
separate
experiment
that
suggested
that
the
baby
birds
that
most
closely
imitated
their
mom’s
voice
were
rewarded
with
the
most
food.
This
observation
hints
that
effective
embryonic
learning
could
signal
neurological
(神经系统的)
strengths
of
children
to
parents.
An
evolutionary
inference
can
then
be
drawn.
＂As
a
parent,
do
you
invest
in
quality
children,
or
do
you
invest
in
children
that
are
in
need?＂
Kleindorfer
asks.
＂Our
results
suggest
that
they
might
be
going
for
quality.＂
58.The
underlined
phrase
in
Paragraph
1
means＂____________＂.
A.
be
the
worst
B.
be
the
best
C.
be
the
as
bad
D.
be
just
as
good
59.
What
are
Kleindorfer’s
findings
based
on?
A.
Similarities
between
the
calls
of
moms
and
chicks.
B.
The
observation
of
fairy
wrens
across
Australia.
C.
The
data
collected
from
Queensland’s
locals.
D.
Controlled
experiments
on
wrens
and
other
birds.
60.
Embryonic
learning
helps
mother
birds
to
identify
the
baby
birds
which
____________.
A.
can
receive
quality
signals
B.
are
in
need
of
training
C.
fit
the
environment
better
D.
make
the
loudest
call
Passage
8（2016新课标卷Ⅱ·B）
Five
years
ago,
when
I
taught
art
at
a
school
in
Seattle,
I
used
Tinkertoys
as
a
test
at
the
beginning
of
a
term
to
find
out
something
about
my
students.
I
put
a
small
set
of
Tinkertoys
in
front
of
each
student,
and
said:
＂Make
something
out
of
the
Tinkertoys.
You
have
45
minutes
today
—
and
45
minutes
each
day
for
the
rest
of
the
week.＂
A
few
students
hesitated
to
start.
They
waited
to
see
what
the
rest
of
the
class
would
do.
Several
others
checked
the
instructions
and
made
something
according
to
one
of
the
model
plans
provide.
Another
group
built
something
out
of
their
own
imaginations.
Once
I
had
a
boy
who
worked
experimentally
with
Tinkertoys
in
his
free
time.
His
constructions
filled
a
shelf
in
the
art
classroom
and
a
good
part
of
his
bedroom
at
home.
I
was
delighted
at
the
presence
of
such
a
student.
Here
was
an
exceptionally
creative
mind
at
work.
His
presence
meant
that
I
had
an
unexpected
teaching
assistant
in
class
whose
creativity
would
infect(感染)other
students.
Encouraging
this
kind
of
thinking
has
a
downside.
I
ran
the
risk
of
losing
those
students
who
had
a
different
style
of
thinking.
Without
fail
one
would
declare,
＂But
I’m
just
not
creative.＂
＂Do
you
dream
at
night
when
you’re
asleep?＂
＂Oh,
sure.＂
＂So
tell
me
one
of
your
most
interesting
dreams.＂
The
student
would
tell
something
wildly
imaginative.
Flying
in
the
sky
or
in
a
time
machine
or
growing
three
heads.
＂That’s
pretty
creative.
Who
does
that
for
you?＂
＂Nobody.
I
do
it.＂
＂Really
—
at
night,
when
you’re
asleep?＂
＂Sure.＂
＂Try
doing
it
in
the
daytime,
in
class,
okay?＂
25.
The
teacher
used
Tinkertoys
in
class
in
order
to
________.
A.
know
more
about
the
students
B.
make
the
lessons
more
exciting
C.
raise
the
students’
interest
in
art
D.
teach
the
students
about
toy
design
26.
What
do
we
know
about
the
boy
mentioned
in
Paragraph
3?
A.
He
liked
to
help
his
teacher.
B.
He
preferred
to
study
alone.
C.
He
was
active
in
class.
D.
He
was
imaginative.
27.
What
does
the
underlined
word
＂downside＂
in
Paragraph
4
probably
mean?
A.
Mistake.
B.
Drawback.
C.
Difficulty.
D.
Burden.
28.
Why
did
the
teacher
ask
the
students
to
talk
about
their
dreams?
A.
To
help
them
to
see
their
creativity.
B.
To
find
out
about
their
sleeping
habits.
C.
To
help
them
to
improve
their
memory.
D.
To
find
out
about
their
ways
of
thinking.
Passage
9（2016天津·C）
When
John
was
growing
up,
other
kids
felt
sorry
for
him.
His
parents
always
had
him
weeding
the
garden,
carrying
out
the
garbage
and
delivering
newspapers.
But
when
John
reached
adulthood,
he
was
better
off
than
his
childhood
playmates.
He
had
more
job
satisfaction,
a
better
marriage
and
was
healthier.
Most
of
all,
he
was
happier.
Far
happier.
These
are
the
findings
of
a
40-year
study
that
followed
the
lives
of
456
teenage
boys
from
Boston.
The
study
showed
that
those
who
had
worked
as
boys
enjoyed
happier
and
more
productive
lives
than
those
who
had
not.
＂Boys
who
worked
in
the
home
or
community
gained
competence(能力)
and
came
to
feel
they
were
worthwhile
members
of
society,＂
said
George
Vaillant,
the
psychologist(心理学家)
who
made
the
discovery.
＂And
because
they
felt
good
about
themselves,
others
felt
good
about
them.＂
Vaillant’s
study
followed
these
males
in
great
detail.
Interviews
were
repeated
at
ages
25,31
and
47.
Under
Vaillant,
the
researchers
compared
the
men’s
mental-health
scores
with
their
boyhood-activity
scores.
Points
were
awarded
for
part-time
jobs,
housework,
effort
in
school,
and
ability
to
deal
with
problems.
The
link
between
what
the
men
had
done
as
boys
and
how
they
turned
out
as
adults
was
surprisingly
sharp.
Those
who
had
done
the
most
boyhood
activities
were
twice
as
likely
to
have
warm
relations
with
a
wide
variety
of
people,
five
times
as
likely
to
be
well
paid
and
16
times
less
likely
to
have
been
unemployed.
The
researchers
also
found
that
IQ
and
family
social
and
economic
class
made
no
real
difference
in
how
the
boys
turned
out.
Working
—
at
any
age
—
is
important.
Childhood
activities
help
a
child
develop
responsibility,
independence,
confidence
and
competence
—
the
underpinnings(基础)
of
emotional
health.
They
also
help
him
understand
that
people
must
cooperate
and
work
toward
common
goals.
The
most
competent
adults
are
those
who
know
how
to
do
this.
Yet
work
isn’t
everything.
As
Tolstoy
once
said,
＂One
can
live
magnificently
in
this
world
if
one
knows
how
to
work
and
how
to
love,
to
work
for
the
person
one
loves
and
to
love
one’s
work.＂
46.
What
do
we
know
about
John?
A.
He
enjoyed
his
career
and
marriage.
B.
He
had
few
childhood
playmates.
C.
He
received
little
love
from
his
family.
D.
He
was
envied
by
others
in
his
childhood.
47.
Vaillant’s
words
in
Paragraph
2
serve
as .
A.
a
description
of
personal
values
and
social
values
B.
an
analysis
of
how
work
was
related
to
competence
C.
an
example
for
parents’
expectations
of
their
children
D.
an
explanation
why
some
boys
grew
into
happy
men
48.
Vaillant’s
team
obtained
their
findings
by .
A.
recording
the
boys’
effort
in
school
B.
evaluating
the
men’s
mental
health
C.
comparing
different
sets
of
scores
D.
measuring
the
men’s
problem
solving
ability
49.
What
does
the
underlined
word
＂sharp＂
probably
mean
in
Paragraph
4?
A.
Quick
to
react.
B.
Having
a
thin
edge.
C.
Clear
and
definite.
D.
Sudden
and
rapid.
50.
What
can
be
inferred
from
the
last
paragraph?
A.Competent
adults
know
more
about
love
than
work.
B.Emotional
health
is
essential
to
a
wonderful
adult
life.
C.Love
brings
more
joy
to
people
than
work
does.
D.Independence
is
the
key
to
one’s
success.
Passage
10（2016新课标全国卷Ⅲ·C）
If
you
are
a
fruit
grower
—
or
would
like
to
become
one
—
take
advantage
of
Apple
Day
to
see
what’s
around.
It’s
called
Apple
Day
but
in
practice
it’s
more
like
Apple
Month.
The
day
itself
is
on
October
21,
but
since
it
has
caught
on,
events
now
spread
out
over
most
of
October
around
Britain.
Visiting
an
apple
event
is
a
good
chance
to
see,
and
often
taste,
a
wide
variety
of
apples.
To
people
who
are
used
to
the
limited
choice
of
apples
such
as
Golden
Delicious
and
Royal
Gala
in
supermarkets,
it
can
be
quite
an
eye
opener
to
see
the
range
of
classical
apples
still
in
existence,
such
as
Decio
which
was
grown
by
the
Romans.
Although
it
doesn’t
taste
of
anything
special,
it’s
still
worth
a
try,
as
is
the
knobbly(多疙瘩的)
Cat’s
Head
which
is
more
of
a
curiosity
than
anything
else.
There
are
also
varieties
developed
to
suit
specific
local
conditions.
One
of
the
very
best
varieties
for
eating
quality
is
Orleans
Reinette,
but
you’ll
need
a
warm,
sheltered
place
with
perfect
soil
to
grow
it,
so
it’s
a
pipe
dream
for
most
apple
lovers
who
fall
for
it.
At
the
events,
you
can
meet
expert
growers
and
discuss
which
ones
will
best
suit
your
conditions,
and
because
these
are
family
affairs,
children
are
well
catered
for
with
apple-themed
fun
and
games.
Apple
Days
are
being
held
at
all
sorts
of
places
with
an
interest
in
fruit,
including
stately
gardens
and
commercial
orchards(果园).
If
you
want
to
have
a
real
orchard
experience,
try
visiting
the
National
Fruit
Collection
at
Brogdale,
near
Faversham
in
Kent.
8.
What
can
people
do
at
the
apple
events?
A.
Attend
experts’
lectures.
B.
Visit
fruit-loving
families.
C.
Plant
fruit
trees
in
an
orchard.
D.
Taste
many
kinds
of
apples.
9.
What
can
we
learn
about
Decio?
A.
It
is
a
new
variety.
B.
It
has
a
strange
look.
C.
It
is
rarely
seen
now.
D.
It
has
a
special
taste.
10.
What
does
the
underlined
phrase
"a
pipe
dream"
in
Paragraph
3
mean?
A.
A
practical
idea.
B.
A
vain
hope.
C.
A
brilliant
plan.
D.
A
selfish
desire.
11.
What
is
the
author’s
purpose
in
writing
the
text?
A.
To
show
how
to
grow
apples.
B.
To
introduce
an
apple
festival.
C.
To
help
people
select
apples.
D.
To
promote
apple
research.
Passage
11（2016
四川·B）
If
you
could
have
one
superpower,
what
would
it
be?
Dreaming
about
whether
you
would
want
to
read
minds,
see
through
walls,
or
have
superhuman
strength
may
sound
silly,
but
it
actually
gets
to
the
heart
of
what
really
matters
in
your
life.
Every
day
in
our
work,
we
are
inspired
by
the
people
we
meet
doing
extraordinary
things
to
improve
the
world.
They
have
a
different
kind
of
superpower
that
all
of
us
possess:
the
power
to
make
a
difference
in
the
lives
of
others.
We’re
not
saying
that
everyone
needs
to
contribute
their
lives
to
the
poor.
Your
lives
are
busy
enough
doing
homework,
playing
sports,
making
friends,
seeking
after
your
dreams.
But
we
do
think
that
you
can
live
a
more
powerful
life
when
you
devote
some
of
your
time
and
energy
to
something
much
larger
than
yourself.
Find
an
issue
you
are
interested
in
and
learn
more.
Volunteer
or,
if
you
can,
contribute
a
little
money
to
a
cause.
Whatever
you
do,
don’t
be
a
bystander.
Get
involved.
You
may
have
the
opportunity
to
make
your
biggest
difference
when
you’re
older.
But
why
not
start
now?
Our
own
experience
working
together
on
health,
development,
and
energy
the
last
twenty
years
has
been
one
of
the
most
rewarding
parts
of
our
lives.
It
has
changed
who
we
are
and
continues
to
fuel
our
optimism
about
how
much
the
lives
of
the
poorest
people
will
improve
in
the
years
ahead.
24.
What
does
the
underlined
part
in
Paragraph
2
refer
to?
A.
Your
life
style.
B.
Your
life
value.
C.
Your
trouble
in
life.
D.
Your
life
experience.
25.
Why
does
the
author
say
they
are
inspired
every
day?
A.
They
possess
different
kinds
of
superpowers.
B.
They
have
got
the
power
to
change
the
world.
C.
Some
people
around
them
are
making
the
world
better.
D.
There
are
many
powerful
people
in
their
life
and
work.
26.
What
does
the
author
stress
in
Paragraph
5?
A.
Learning
more
and
contributing
more
to
a
cause.
B.
Rising
above
self
and
acting
to
help
others.
C.
Working
hard
to
get
a
bigger
opportunity.
D.
Trying
your
best
to
help
the
poor.
27.
What
can
be
inferred
from
the
last
paragraph?
A.
The
author
believes
the
lives
of
the
poorest
will
get
better.
B.
Much
more
progress
will
be
made
in
the
near
future.
C.
The
work
on
health
is
the
most
valuable
experience.
D.
People’s
efforts
have
been
materially
rewarded.
题组二
名校模拟
1.
（河南省九师联盟2019-2020学年高三质量检测）A
society
that
lives
by
the
plastic
fork
may
very
well
die
from
it.
That's
how
things
are
looking.
Anyway,for
a
world
so
used
to
disposable（一次性的）
habits,
any
hope
for
a
solution(解决方案)
also
increasingly
seems
to
be
buried.
Sure,
there
have
been
some
hopeful
ideas.
Boyan
Slat,
the
Dutch
inventor
developed
a
plan
for
Covering
the
Great
Pacific
Garbage
Patch.
Not
long
after
it
started,
Slat's
system
experienced
"material
fatigue(疲劳)"-likely
the
result
of
being
strained(使受到压力)
by
all
that
trash-and
the
task
was
delayed.
AlI
the
while,
the
plastic
increases.
Its
growth
is
very
fast,
according
to
Linda
Wang,
a
professor
of
chemical
engineering
at
Purdue
University.
She
says,
"We'II
have
more
plastic
than
fish
by
2050.
"
Yet
Wang,
along
with
other
researchers
at
Purdue,
may
have
a
solution
not
only
to
this
plastic
problem,
but
also
to
the
growing
need
for
clean
energy.
Her
team
has
developed
a
system
that
turns
waste,
a
durable,
lightweight
material
that
accounts
for
about
a
quarter
of
all
plastic
waste,
into
a
highly
pure
form
of
gasoline.
Publishing
their
findings
in
the
journal
Sustainable
Chemistry
and
Engineering,
the
scientists
state
that
instead
of
making
plastic
go
away,
they
can
break
it
down
and
reuse
it,
using
chemistry
to
destroy
what
chemistry
brought
to
the
world
when
plastic
was
developed
back
in
1907.
The
process
uses
"supercritical"
water-heated
to
around
450
degrees
celsius(842
degrees
Fahrenheit),beyond
the
key
point
at
which
distinct
liquid
and
vapor
phases(气液态)
exist-to
boil
plastic
waste
into
an
oil,the
researchers
explain.
It
takes
a
couple
of
hours
for
the
supercritical
water
to
complete
the
transformation,
but
the
result
is
a
kind
of
oil
that
can
be
used
as
gasoline
or
fuel.
It
can
also
be
turned
into
other
products.
The
researchers
have
only
made
the
transformation
in
a
laboratory
setting
so
far,
but
they
suggest
turning
the
process
to
a
commercial
scale（规模）
may
not
be
far
off.
And
considering
the
300
million
tons
of
plastic
into
the
environment
every
year,
that
day
can't
come
soon
enough.
But
it
will
come
in
time.
12.
Why
is
the
plastic
fork
mentioned
in
paragraph
l?
A.
To
indicate
the
hopeless
future
of
human
life.
B.
To
figure
out
the
solution
to
reducing
plastics.
C.
To
show
the
seriousness
of
the
plastic
problem.
D.
To
tell
people
to
give
up
an
unhealthy
lifestyle.
13.
What
can
we
know
about
Slat's
system?
A.
It
proves
harmful
to
the
Pacific.
B.
It
has
been
abandoned
completely.
C.
It
has
received
many
people's
opposition.
D.
It
met
with
difficulty
while
being
carried
out.
14.
What
is
the
advantage
of
Wang's
system?
A.
It
can
save
fish
in
the
ocean.
B.
It
can
recycle
and
reuse
plastic.
C.
It
can
surely
lower
the
prices
of
gas
and
fuel.
D.
It
can
make
plastic
products
more
affordable.
15.
What
is
the
author's
attitude
towards
Wang's
system?
A.
Hopeful.
B.
Disapproving.
C.
Cautious.
D.
Uncertain.
2.
四川省遂宁市2019-2020学年高三上学期第三次联考If
you
follow
these
insider
tips，your
photos
will
look
like
you
had
the
place
to
yourself
at
the
popular
tourist
attractions.
Vatican
Museums:Vatican
City
The
Vatican
draws
more
than
five
million
people
each
year，and
queues
can
reach
four
hours
during
peak
season.
Christie
Hudson，senior
communications
manager
at
Expedia，recommends，choosing
a
skip-the-1ine
tour.
“This
not
only
lets
you
avoid
the
ticket
counter，but
also
includes
the
use
of
a
private
partner
entrance.
”Extra
time
to
visit
the
Sistine
Chapel?
Yes!
Bamboo
Forest:Kyoto，Japan
Bamboo
Forest
is
the
most
worthy
sight
in
Kyoto.
If
you’re
longing
to
enjoy
the
pathways
and
take
pictures
in
total
quietness，Kyoto
Arashiyama
Travel
Guide
recommends
hitting
the
famous
Bamboo
Grove
Path
as
early
in
the
morning
as
possible—think
7
a.
m.
if
you’re
up
for
it.
Don’t
miss
these
hidden
treasures
you
can
only
witness
in
Japan.
Chichen
Itza:Yucatán，Mexico
Home
to
E1
Castillo
and
the
Temple
of
the
Warriors，Chichen
Itza
is
a
must-see.
Want
to
beat
the
rush?
Schedule
an
early
tour
that
takes
place
before
a
site
opens
to
the
public.
Led
by
an
archaeologist
guide，it’s
full
of
fascinating
insights
and
facts—without
tons
of
pack-wearing
tourists.
Louvre
Museum:Paris，France
The
Louvre
is
one
of
the
most
popular
museums
on
the
planet.
If
waiting
around
in
line
to
get
in
isn’t
the
way
you
prefer
to
spend
your
time
in
Paris，consider
purchasing
a
reserved
ticket.
This
will
give
you
entry
to
the
pyramid
within
a
half-hour
window.
The
Louvre
is
also
open
until
9:45
p.
m.
on
Wednesdays
and
Fridays，if
you’re
up
for
some
late-night
art
visits.
16.
What
is
recommended
at
Vatican
Museums
by
Christie
Hudson?
A.
Queuing
four
hours.
B.
Jumping
the
waiting
line.
C.
Taking
a
skip-the-line
tour.
D.
Visiting
the
Sistine
Chapel.
17.
Which
of
the
following
are
available
for
early
tourists
to
avoid
the
rush?
A.
Vatican
Museums
and
Bamboo
Forest.
B.
Chichen
Itza
and
Bamboo
Forest.
C.
Bamboo
Forest
and
Louvre
Museum.
D.
Chichen
Itza
and
Louvre
Museum.
18.
Who
might
this
passage
be
intended
for?
A.
Visitors
interested
in
museums.
B.
Guides
at
the
tourist
attractions.
C.
People
at
the
ticket
counter.
D.
Tourists
to
beat
the
rush.
3.
（四川省遂宁市2019-2020学年高三上学期第三次联考）An
experimental
cleanup
device
called
RemoveDEBRIS
has
successfully
cast
a
net
around
a
dummy
(仿真的)
satellite,
imitating
a
technique
that
could
one
day
collect
spaceborne
garbage.
The
test,
which
was
carried
out
this
week,
is
widely
believed
to
be
the
first
successful
demonstration
of
space
cleanup
technology,
experts
told
CNN.
And
it
symbolizes
an
early
step
toward
solving
what
has
already
been
a
critical
issue:
junk
in
space.
Millions
of
pieces
of
junk
are
turning
around
in
orbit,
the
result
of
50
years
of
space
travel
and
few
regulations
to
keep
space
clean.
At
orbital
speeds,
even
a
small
bit
of
paint
crashing
with
a
satellite
can
cause
critical
damage.
Various
companies
have
plans
to
send
thousands
of
new
satellites
into
low-Earth
orbit,
already
the
most
crowded
area.
The
RemoveDEBRIS
experiment
is
run
by
a
company
and
researchers
led
by
the
U.
K.
’s
Surrey
Space
Center
and
includes
Airbus,
Airbus-owned
Surrey
Satellite
Technology
Ltd.
and
France’s
ArianeGroup.
Guglielmo
Aglietti,
the
director
of
Surrey
Space
Center,
said
that
an
operational
version
of
the
RemoveDEBRlS
technology
would
cast
a
net
that
remains
fastened
to
the
main
satellite
so
the
debris
can
be
dragged
out
of
orbit.
It
could
target
large
pieces
of
junk,
including
dead
satellites
up
to
10
meters
long.
The
RemoveDEBRIS
satellite
will
conduct
a
few
more
experiments
in
the
coming
months,
including
testing
navigation
features
that
could
help
guide
the
satellite
to
a
specific
piece
of
debris.
Jonathan
McDowell,
an
astrophysicist
at
the
Harvard-Smithsonian
Center
for
Astrophysics,
said
the
success
of
this
week’s
experiment
was
exciting,
but
he
cautioned
against
“over-
publicizing”
it.
There
are
still
enormous
barriers
to
clear
before
operational
cleanup
tasks
are
underway,
he
said,
and
the
most
discouraging
is
figuring
out
how
to
fund
such
projects.
Aglietti,
the
Surrey
professor
who
helped
lead
the
RemoveDEBRIS
project,
said
“The
challenge
will
lie
in
persuading
the
relevant
authorities
to
sponsor
these
tasks.
”
Aglietti
said
he
hopes
RemoveDEBRIS
will
conduct
a
few
cleanup
tasks
per
year,
targeting
the
largest
pieces
of
junk
in
the
most
crowded
orbits.
19.
What
is
the
use
of
the
RemoveDEBRIS
satellite?
A.
Demonstrating
space
technology.
B.
Imitating
a
developing
technique.
C.
Collecting
wastes
existing
in
space.
D.
Symbolizing
great
progress
in
space.
20.
How
does
the
RemoveDEBRlS
satellite
work?
A.
By
throwing
a
net
to
take
the
junk
from
orbit.
B.
By
fastening
it
to
the
main
satellite
tightly.
C.
By
dragging
satellites
up
to
10
meters
long.
D.
By
targeting
large
pieces
of
junk
carefully.
21.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“sponsor”
in
the
last
paragraph
probably
mean?
A.
Accomplish.
B.
Support.
C.
Oppose.
D.
Provide.
22.
What’s
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
The
RemoveDEBRIS
Project
Is
Perfect
B.
How
RemoveDEBRIS
Is
Invented
in
the
Lab
C.
Why
the
RemoveDEBRIS
Satellite
Is
Invented
D.
Satellite
Collects
Space
Junk
for
the
First
Time
4.
四川省遂宁市2019-2020学年高三上学期第三次联考
If
American
waterways
had
ever
been
voted
on
the
yearbook，the
Buffalo
River
could
easily
have
been
named
Ugliest.
It
could
be
hard
to
find
hope
there.
It
took
decades
for
public
perception
of
the
river
to
shift.
But
activist
citizens，who
collaborated
with
industry，government，and
environment
groups
never
gave
up
on
their
polluted
river—the
Buffalo
River
gradually
went
from
being
considered
a
lost
cause
to
a
place
worth
fighting
for.
And
by
now
the
cleaned—up
water
is
one
of
Buffalo’S
biggest
attractions.
By
the
1960s，the
river
was
seen
as
one
of
the
worst
sources
of
pollution
pouring
into
the
Great
Lakes.
The
Buffalo
River
had
caught
fire
many
times.
The
surface
had
an
oily
layer，and
any
fish
caught
there
were
not
eatable.
The
waterway’s
fate
started
shifting
in
the
mid-1960s.
Stanley
Spisiak
was
a
local
Polish—American
jeweler
by
day，but
by
evening
he
was
the
kind
of
guy
who’d
chase
down
dumpers(垃圾车)he
spotted
on
the
Buffalo
River.
By
1966
he
found
himself
winning
the
National
Wildlife
Federation’s“Water
Conservationist
of
the
Year”award.
And
before
long
he
got
a
nickname:“Mr.
Buffalo
River.
”But
there
was
only
so
much
he
could
do—the
river
was
still
declared
biologically
dead
in
1969.
Jill
Spisiak
Jedlicka
is
his
great-grandniece.
She
picks
up
where
he
left
off
by
directing
the
river’s
protector
organization，Buffalo
Niagara
Waterkeeper.
Professor
Schneekloth
and
seven
friends
founded
the
organization
as
an
all-volunteer
nonprofit
in
1989，after
organizing
the
first
river
cleanup
that
year.
Today
the
group
employs
27
full-time
workers
and
has
helped
oversee
the
Buffalo
River’s
$100
million
restoration.
So
far，the
Buffalo
River’s
water
quality
has
restored，but
it
is
still
an
ongoing
issue，as
sewage(污水)can
overflow
into
the
river
after
storms.
Habitat
restoration
continues
as
well；fish
and
plantings
are
still
being
sampled
to
measure
how
well
it’s
gone.
1.
What
did
the
Buffalo
River
use
to
be?
A.
A
waterway
on
the
yearbook.
B.
A
river
heavily
polluted.
C.
A
great
attraction
of
Buffalo’s.
D.
A
place
worth
fighting
for.
2.
Why
was
Mr.
Spisiak
named“Mr.
Buffalo
River”?
A.
Because
his
fate
shifted
in
the
1
960s.
B.
Because
he
spotted
dumpers
on
the
River.
C.
Because
he
spared
no
efforts
to
protect
the
river.
D.
Because
the
river
was
declared
biologically
dead.
3.
How
long
did
it
take
for
the
river
to
restore?
A.
More
than
half
a
century.
B.
Just
four
decades.
C.
About
30
years.
D.
Only
27
years.
4.
What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
this
text?
A.
The
restoration
of
the
Buffalo
River
B.
Stanley
Spisiak:The“Mr.
Buffalo
River”
C.
The
future
of
the
Buffalo
River
D.
River
protection:A
long
way
to
go
5.
Demand
for
the
Chinese
tech
company＇s
devices(设备)
is
red
hot
even
though
the
country’s
overall
market
for
smartphones
is
getting
smaller
Huawei's
China
sales
rocketed
more
than
20%
in
the
final
quarter
of
2018,
and
experts
say
that's
partly
due
to
the
US
govenment's
global
campaign
against
the
company.
“The
latest
tension
between
the
US
and
China
raised
the
patriotism(爱国主义)
in
Chinese
consumers，
said
Jusy
Hong,
an
analyst
at
research
firm
IHS
Markit
He
pointed
out
that
some
Chinese
companies
encouraged
employees
to
buy
Huawei
phones
late
last
year.
The
moves
were
a
gesture
of
support
after
the
firm's
chief
financial
officer
was
arrested
in
Canada
in
early
December
at
the
request
of
the
United
States.
Huawei's
booming
sales
show
how
major
parts
of
its
business
continue
to
increase
even
as
the
United
States
tries
to
persuade
other
countries
to
shut
Huawei
products
out
of
5G
wireless
networks
and
pursues(追究)
criminal
charges
against
it.
The
company
expects
to
overtake
Samsung
as
the
world's
biggest
smartphone
maker
by
next
year.
Huawei
sold
30
million
phones
in
China
in
the
last
three
months
of
2018,
nearly
three
times
as
many
as
Apple(AAPL),
according
to
data
published
this
week
by
research
firms
Canalys
and
IDC.
Apple's
sales
plunged
almost
20%.
Huawei's
success
in
China,
the
world's
largest
smartphone
market,
is
more
than
about
geopolitics(地缘政治).
Chinese
consumers
love
its
flagship，high
-end-
phones
because
they
have
great
cameras，
cutting
edge
technology
and
cost
less
than
the
latest
iPhones,
according
to
analysts.
And
by
offering
a
selection
of
cheaper
phones,
Huawei
is
able
to
target
a
bigger
market.
It
also
benefited
from
the
troubles
this
year
at
ZTE
(ZTCOF),
a
rival
Chinese
smartphone
and
telecommunications
equipment
maker.
ZTE
was
banned
by
the
US
government
from
buying
vital
American
parts
for
months
last
year.
27.
Why
did
Huawei's
China
sales
increase
greatly
according
to
the
article?
A.
Because
the
company's
devices
are
always
popular
worldwide.
B.
Because
Chinese
consumers'
patriotism
was
aroused
C.
Because
the
government
encourages
people
to
buy
Huawei
devices.
D.
Because
the
country's
overall
market
for
smartphones
is
getting
bigger.
28.
What
can
we
conclude
from
the
third
paragraph?
A.
Huawei’s
chief
financial
officer
was
arrested
in
Canada
due
to
the
US's
request.
B.
All
Chinese
companies
showed
their
support
to
Huawei
with
their
purchase.
C.
Jusy
Hong
thought
the
United
States
arrested
Huawei's
chief
financial
officer.
D.
Jusy
Hong
thought
the
arrest
of
Huawei's
chief
financial
officer
is
unfair.
29.
How
do
you
understand
the
underlined
word
in
the
fifth
paragraph?
A.
increased
greatly
by.
B.
reduced
greatly
to.
C.
dropped
greatly
by.
D.
remained
steady.
30.
Why
is
Huawei's
success
in
China
more
than
about
geopolitics?
A.
Because
Huawei
has
the
largest
smartphone
market
in
the
world.
B.
Because
Huawei's
success
is
only
limited
within
China
mainland.
C.
Because
Huawei
has
the
ability
to
target
a
bigger
market
in
the
world.
D.
Because
Chinese
consumers
are
quite
satisfied
with
Huawei
smartphones.
6.
Our
plan
was
to
drive
into
Cambridge,
catch
the
7:34
train
to
Liverpool
Street
Station,
then
to
separate
and
meet
again
for
lunch.
We
should
have
arrived
at
Liverpool
at
9:19,
but
due
to
a
typical
London
fog,
the
train
had
to
move
along
so
slowly
that
it
was
not
until
10:30
that
it
got
there.
In
spite
of
our
late
arrival,
Joan,
my
wife’s
sister,
decided
that
she
would
go
to
see
the
Crown
Jewels
in
the
Tower
of
London
while
we
went
shopping.
It
was
only
after
her
sister
had
disappeared
into
the
fog
that
my
wife
realized
that
we
hadn’t
decided
where
we
should
meet
for
lunch.
Since
I
had
our
three
tickets
for
the
concert
in
my
pocket,
this
was
indeed
a
problem.
There
seemed
to
be
nothing
we
could
do
except
taking
a
taxi
to
the
Tower
of
London,
and
try
to
find
her
there.
Needless
to
say,
we
didn’t
find
her.
It
was
now
one
o’clock,
and
the
concert
began
at
2:30.
“Perhaps
she
will
think
of
waiting
outside
the
concert
hall,”
suggested
my
wife
hopefully.
By
this
time
the
fog
was
so
thick
that
road
traffic
had
to
stop,
and
the
only
way
to
get
there
was
by
underground
railway.
Hand
in
hand
we
felt
our
way
along
the
road
to
where
we
thought
the
nearest
station
should
be.
An
hour
later
we
were
still
trying
to
find
it.
Just
as
I
was
about
to
lose
my
temper
completely
when
we
met
a
blind
man
tapping
his
way
confidently
through
the
fog.
With
his
help
we
found
Tower
Hill
tube
station
just
fifty
yards
down
the
road.
By
now
it
was
far
too
late
even
to
try
to
get
to
the
concert
hall
before
the
performance
began
at
2:30,
so
we
decided
to
return
to
Cambridge.
It
took
seven
long
hours
instead
of
the
usual
two
to
make
that
journey.
Nor
were
we
able
to
get
any
food
and
drink
on
the
train.
Tired
and
hungry
we
finally
reached
home
at
ten,
opening
the
door
to
the
sound
of
the
telephone
bell.
It
was
Joan;
she
had
seen
the
Crown
Jewels,
had
managed
to
get
another
ticket
for
concert,
and
had
had
a
wonderful
dinner
at
a
restaurant
near
the
hotel
where
she
decided
to
stay
for
the
night.
Now
she
was
ringing
to
discover
whether
we
had
had
an
equally
successful
day.
31.
Why
was
Joan
separated
from
her
sister
and
her
brother-in-law?
A.
they
could
not
see
each
other
because
of
the
fog.
B.
Joan
had
not
seen
Crown
Jewels.
C.
They
planned
to
do
different
things
until
lunch
time.
D.
The
writer
didn’t
want
to
go
to
the
concert.
32.
What
did
the
writer
plan
to
do
in
the
afternoon?
A.
Go
to
the
concert.
B.
See
the
Crown
Jewels.
C.
Return
to
Cambridge.
D.
Go
shopping.
33.
The
reason
why
they
didn’t
all
meet
for
lunch
was
that
_______.
A.
They
lost
their
way
in
the
fog
B.
they
forgot
to
make
necessary
arrangement
C.
they
waited
at
different
places
and
didn’t
meet
each
other
D.
the
couple
couldn’t
find
the
underground
station
34.
It’s
quite
clear
that
for
Joan
the
trip
to
London
had
been
________.
A.
spilt
by
the
fog
B.
quite
tiring
C.
rather
disappointing
D.
very
enjoyable
7.
四川省天府名校2019-2020学年高三9月联合质量测评
Moving
flight
times
from
night
to
day
could
reduce
air
travel's
contributions
to
global
warming,
a
new
study
suggests.
Scheduling
more
(laytime
flights
may
reduce
the
influence
of
contrails
——the
visible
lines
of
white
steam
that
many
planes
leave
behind
them
in
the
sky.
The
role
of
contrails
in
climate
change
is
still
being
studied,
but
some
scientists
believe
they
contribute
to
the
greenhouse
effect
by
trapping
heat
in
the
atmosphere.
Nicola
Stuber,
first
author
of
the
study,
suggests
that
contrails'
overall
impact
on
climate
change
is
almost
as
big
as
that
of
aircraft?
s
carbon
dioxide
emissions
(排放)over
a
hundred-year
period.
Aircraft
are
believed
to
be
responsible
for
2-3%
of
human
carbon
dioxide
emissions.
Like
other
high,
thin
clouds,
contrails
reflect
sunlight
back
into
space
and
cool
the
planet.
However,
they
also
trap
energy
in
the
atmosphere
and
increase
the
warming
effect.
Stuber
and
other
scientists
believe
that
the
effect
of
the
contrails
is
big.
"
On
average,
the
green-house
effect
controls
the
effects
of
contrails,said
Stuber,
a
meteorologist
at
England's
University
of
Reading.
"The
warming
effect
is
far
greater
for
contrails
left
by
night
flights,"
Stuber
added.
"The
cooling
effect
only
happens
(luring
the
day
when
the
sun
is
up.
During
the
night
the
greenhouse
warming
is
no
longer
balanced
and
that
is
why
the
contribution
of
night-flight
is
so
large.
"
Most
commercial
airline
traffic
occurs
during
daylight
hours.
For
example,
only
one
in
four
United
Kingdom
flights
is
a
night
flight,
but
those
flights
create
some
60%
of
the
warming
created
by
contrails,
the
study
reports.
1.
How
do
contrails
increase
the
greenhouse
effect?
A.
They
give
off
heat.
B.
They
absorb
daylight.
C.
They
trap
heat
in
the
atmosphere.
D.
They
reflect
sunlight
back
into
space.
2.
What
does
the
underlined
word
"they"
in
Paragraph
3
refer
to?
A.
carbon
dioxide
emissions
B.
contrails
C.
flights
D.
thin
clouds
3.
What
did
Stuber
explain
about
the
contrails
in
Paragraph
4?
A.
What
their
function
is.
B.
How
they
cool
the
Earth.
C.
Why
they
create
big
warming
at
night.
D.
How
big
their
effect
is.
4.
What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A.
Airlines
Should
Schedule
Flights
B.
Night
Flights
Face
a
New
Challenge
C.
Airplane
Contributes
Most
to
Global
Warming
D.
More
Day
Flights
May
Reduce
Global
Warming
8.
（河南省新乡市第一中学2019-2020学年高三10月月考）Triple
Olympic
and
world
sprint（短跑）
champion
Usain
Bolt
of
Jamaica
said
on
Monday
he
expects
years
of
fast
feats
to
ease
doping
doubts
in
athletics
and
has
no
plans
to
play
American
football.
Appearing
on
ESPN
programs
and
in
light-hearted
races
outside
the
television
sport
network's
studios,
Bolt
said
he
feels
he
must
prove
himself
to
a
skeptical
sports
world
in
the
wake
of
past
doping
scandals（诽谤）.
"I
have
to
prove
myself
to
the
world
that
you
can
run
fast
without
it,"
Bolt
said.
Bolt
cited
the
speeds
he
and
countryman
Asafa
Powell
and
American
Tyson
Gay
have
achieved
without
positive
doping
tests.
"We
just
（have
to）
continue
to
run
fast,"
Bolt
said.
"In
a
couple
of
years
everyone
will
continue
to
watch
again
and
have
less
doubts.
"
Bolt
won
gold
in
the
100m,
200
and
4x100
relay
in
world
record
times
at
last
year's
Beijing
Olympics
and
last
month
in
Berlin
set
world
records
of
9.
58
seconds
in
the
100
and
19.
19
in
the
200
and
helped
a
relay
title
in
a
World
Championships
treble.
"I
want
to
be
a
legend
in
the
sport.
For
me
it's
all
a
focus
on
winning
championships
after
championships,"
Bolt
said.
"I
don't
consider
myself
a
legend.
When
I
defend
my
titles
I
will
consider
myself
a
legend.
"
Bolt's
defending
of
World
and
Olympic
gold
should
be
the
feature
attraction
of
the
2011
IAAF
World
Championships
in
Daegu,
South
Korea,
and
the
2012
London
Olympics.
1.
Why
does
Usain
Bolt
say
that
he
has
no
plans
to
play
American
football?
A.
Because
he
wants
to
ease
doping
doubts
in
athletics.
B.
Because
he
wants
to
show
his
fast
feats.
C.
Because
he
is
doubted
by
some
people.
D.
Because
he
runs
fastest
in
the
world.
2.
How
many
times
did
Usain
Bolt
break
the
world
records?
A.
three
times.
B.
four
times.
C.
five
times.
D.
eight
times.
3.
What
does
the
passage
mainly
tell
us?
A.
Usain
Bolt
plans
years
of
fast
feats
to
ease
doping
doubts.
B.
Usain
Bolt
is
doubted
for
his
athletics.
C.
Usain
Bolt
set
world
records
again
in
Berlin
last
month.
D.
Usain
Bolt
wants
to
a
legend
in
the
sport.
4.
The
passage
can
be
read
___________.
A.
on
TV
B.
on
the
Internet
C.
in
a
book
D.
in
a
newspaper.
9.
（四省名校2019-2020学年高三第一次大联考）If
you
wear
glasses,
chances
are
you
are
smarter.
Research
published
in
the
famous
British
journal
Nature
Communications
has
found
that
people
who
displayed
higher
levels
of
intelligence
were
almost
30
percent
more
likely
to
wear
glasses.
The
scientists
studied
the
genes
of
thousands
of
people
between
the
ages
of
16
and
102.The
study
showed
intelligence
can
be
connected
to
physical
characteristics.
One
characteristic
was
eyesight.
In
out
of
10
people
who
were
more
intelligent,
there
was
a
higher
chance
they
needed
glasses.
Scientists
also
said
being
smarter
has
other
benefits.
It
is
connected
to
better
health.
It
is
important
to
remember
these
are
connections
which
are
not
proven
causes.
Scientists
call
this
correlation.
Just
because
something
is
connected
to
something
else
does
not
mean
one
of
those
things
caused
the
other.
And
it’s
worth
noting
that
what
constitutes
intelligence
is
subjective
and
can
be
difficult,
if
not
impossible,
to
measure.
Forget
genes
though.
Plenty
of
proof
shows
wearing
glasses
makes
people
think
you
are
more
intelligent,
even
if
you
do
not
need
glasses.
A
number
of
studies
have
found
people
who
wear
glasses
are
seen
as
smarter,
hard-working
and
honest.
Many
lawyers
use
this
idea
to
help
win
their
cases.
Lawyer
Harvey
Solves
explained
this.
Glasses
soften
their
appearance.
He
said
Sometimes
there
has
been
a
huge
amount
of
proof
showing
that
people
he
was
defending
broke
the
law.
He
had
them
wear
glasses
and
they
weren’t
found
guilty.
Glasses
are
also
used
to
show
someone
is
intelligent
in
movies
and
on
TV.
Ideas
about
people
who
wear
glasses
have
begun
to
shift.
People
who
do
not
need
glasses
sometimes
wear
them
for
fashion
only.
They
want
to
look
worldly
or
cool.
But
not
everyone
is
impressed
by
this
idea,
though.
GQ
magazine
said
people
who
wear
glasses
for
fashion
are
trying
too
hard
to
look
smart
and
hip
(时髦的).
However,
that
hasn’t
stopped
many
celebrities
from
happily
wearing
glasses
even
if
they
do
not
need
them.
Justin
Bieber
is
just
one
high-profile
fan
of
fashion
glasses.
1.
What
does
the
new
study
show?
A.
People
wearing
glasses
are
smarter.
B.
People
wearing
glasses
are
healthier.
C.
Wearing
glasses
can
make
people
cleverer.
D.
Wearing
glasses
is
associated
with
higher
IQ.
2.
What
does
the
underlined
word
in
Paragraph
3
mean?
A.
Shift.
B.
Link.
C.
Proof.
D.
Consequence.
3.
Why
do
some
lawyers
ask
their
clients
to
wear
glasses
in
court?
A.
Because
it
can
create
a
moral
image.
B.
Because
it
can
mislead
the
witnesses.
C.
Because
it
can
highlight
clients’
qualities.
D.
Because
it
can
prove
the
clients’
innocence.
4.
What
is
the
general
attitude
to
those
who
wear
glasses
for
fashion?
A.
Positive.
B.
Negative.
C.
Mixed
D.
Indifferent.
10.
（河北省承德第一中学2019-2020学年高三10月月考）Thirteen
vehicles
lined
up
last
March
to
race
across
the
Mojave
Desert,
seeking
a
million
in
prize
money.
To
win,
they
had
to
finish
the
142-mile
race
in
less
than
10
hours.
Teams
and
watchers
knew
there
might
be
no
winner
at
all,
because
these
vehicles
were
missing
a
key
part－drivers.
DARPA,
the
Defense
Advanced
Research
Projects
Agency,
organized
the
race
as
part
of
a
push
to
develop
robotic
vehicles
for
future
battlefields.
But
the
Grand
Challenge,
as
it
was
called,
just
proved
how
difficult
it
is
to
get
a
car
to
speed
across
an
unfamiliar
desert
without
human
guidance.
One
had
its
brake
lock
up
in
the
starting
area.
Another
began
by
throwing
itself
onto
a
wall.
Another
got
tied
up
by
bushes
near
the
road
after
1.9
miles.
One
turned
upside
down.
One
took
off
in
entirely
the
wrong
direction
and
had
to
be
disabled
by
remote
control.
One
went
a
little
more
than
a
mile
and
rushed
into
a
fence;
another
managed
to
go
for
six
miles
but
stuck
on
a
rock.
The
“winner,”
if
there
wa
