中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(
高考阅读理解中的长难句分析
)
英语阅读理解题所选短文均选自英语原版文章，原汁原昧”，考生普遍感觉较难理解。那么，这些阅读材料到底难在哪儿呢？除了生词量大、篇幅长、信息量大以外．就是短文中的句子结构较为复杂，搀杂了大量的长、难句，对长难句的理解会直接影响我们的阅读成绩。那么长难句构成有哪些特征？如何破解阅读理解中的长难句？
一、长难句构成特征
1.带有较多成分的简单句
Schools
across
China
are
expected
to
hire
50,000
college
graduates
this
year
as
short-term
teachers,
almost
three
times
the
number
hired
last
year,
to
help
reduce
unemployment
pressures
.
2.含有多个从句的复合句
Whereas
a
woman’s
closest
female
friend
might
be
the
first
to
tell
her
to
leave
a
failing
marriage,
it
wasn’t
unusual
to
hear
a
man
say
that
he
didn’t
know
that
his
friend’s
marriage
was
in
serious
trouble
until
he
appeared
one
night
asking
if
he
could
sleep
on
the
sofa.
3.含有插入成份的句子
如同位语（从句）、非限制性定语从句、状语从句、分词、插入语等等。有时有逗号或破折号分开
The
lack
of
right
male
role
models
in
many
of
their
lives—at
home
and
particularly
in
the
school
environment
—means
that
their
peers
are
the
only
people
they
have
to
judge
themselves
against.
Science
has
become
so
important
in
the
modern
world,
with
its
procedures
so
highly
standardized
and
so
widely
accepted,
that
it
is
included
among
modern
social
institutions.
4.含有省略成份的句子
The
magazine
is
male-targeting
because
young
guys
generally
won’t
pick
up
a
magazine
that
appears
to
be
directed
at
females,
whereas
girls
usually
will.
5.倒装句、强调句
Before
1066,
in
the
land
we
now
call
Great
Britain
lived
peoples
belonging
to
two
major
language
groups.
How
is
it
t
hat
the
can
leave
Betty
and
her
friend
Joan
sitting
on
the
sofa,
talking,
go
out
to
a
ballgame，come
back
three
and
a
half
hours
later,
and
they’re
still
sitting
on
the
sofa
,talking?
破解长难句方法
找谓语，定主语
一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者（主语），我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句（并列谓语动词的情况除外）。如
Declaring
that
he
was
opposed
to
using
this
unusual
animal
husbandry
technique
to
clone
humans,
he
ordered
that
federal
funds
not
be
used
for
such
an
experiment
---
although
no
one
had
proposed
to
do
so
and
asked
an
independent
panel
of
experts
chaired
by
Princeton
President
Harold
Shapiro
to
report
back
to
the
White
House
in
90
days
with
recommendations
for
a
national
policy
on
human
cloning.
【简析】此句中的谓语形式的动词及其对应的主语有：
was
opposed
--he;
ordered--he;
(should)
not
be
used
---federal--funds;
had
proposed
---
no
one;
asked--he
(asked前面有and,
说明asked与前面某个谓语动词并列，根据逻辑意义asked应与ordered并列)。这一句的主干为
“he
ordered...
asked
....”,
“Declaring
that...”作状语。
句意：他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的蓄牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验——尽管还没有人建议这么做——他还请一个普林斯顿大学校长Harold
Shapiro
为首的独立专家组在90天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。
提主干，去枝叶（从句等）
一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。如：
First
?put
?forward
?by
?the
?French
?mathematician
?Pierre
de
Format
in
the
17th
century，the
theorem
had
baffled
and
beaten
the
finest
mathematical
minds，including
a
French
woman
scientist
who
made
a
major
advance
in
working
out
the
problem，and
who
had
to
dress
like
a
man
in
order
to
be
?able
?to
?study
?at
?the
Eco-lab
Poly
technique.
【简析】本句夹杂分词短语、动名词及两个定语从句。
“First
?put
?forward
?by
?the
?
French
mathematician
Pierre
de
Format
in
the
17th
century”为过去分词短语作状语;“including...”为介词短语作状语;“who
made...and
who
had
to...”为两个并列的定语从句，修饰a
French
woman
scientist。所以句子的主干为the
theorem
had
baffled
?and
beaten
the
finest
mathematical
minds此为主要信息。
句意：这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家Pierre
de
Format提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，其中包括一个法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展。为了能够在Eco-lab
Poly
technique理工学院学习她曾女扮男装。
寻关联，辨逻辑
一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句。而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找准这些关联词，就能够分辨出句与句之间的逻辑关系，分别弄清主句的意义和从句的意义，则长句就容易对付得多了。要掌握此方法必须对英语中的常见的关联词谙熟于心。
Whereas
a
woman’s
closest
female
friend
might
be
the
first
to
tell
her
to
leave
a
failing
marriage，it
wasn’t
unusual
to
hear
a
man
say
he
didn’t
know
his
friend’s
marriage
?was
?in
?serious
trouble
until
he
appeared
one
night
asking
if
he
could?sleep
on
the
sofa.
【简析】“whereas”提示前后对比;not
unusual=usual;not...until...直到……才……
句意：一个女人最亲密的女性朋友最可能是第一个告诉她离开一次失败的婚姻的人;而听见一个男人说，直到他的朋友一天晚上问他是否可以睡在他家的沙发上，他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，这是很平常的事。
看搭配，防隔离
有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个搭配构成，而且这些搭配中常常出现分隔现象。读者若受分隔现象的干扰而看不清句子的本来面目，则对句意的理解就会发生偏差。如：
Some
companies
have
made
the
manufacturing
of
clean
and
safe
products，to
some
degree，their
main
selling
points
and
emphasize
it
in
their
advertising.
【简析】其实本句是一个“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型“make+宾语+宾补”，即“使……成为……”，只不过宾语和宾补被“to
some
degree”隔开而已。
句意：一些公司把生产的卫生的、安全的产品，从某种程度上说，当作他们的卖点，并在广告中强调这一点。
关键词，抓线索
有时某些句子句意模糊，读者理不清头绪，这时读者只能依靠关键词来抓，从而在大体上搞清楚句意。总之，在碰到长句和难句时，要根据实际情况灵活运用上述方法，在平时阅读过程中要加强对长句和难句的句法分析训练。有时要几种方法综合使用才能正确理解句意。如：
Miss?Dermaine’s?mother?looked?anxious?throughout?the?wedding
and
Mr.Cordell’s
parents
are
reported
to
be
less
than
delighted.
【简析】此句似乎在描述婚礼上不同的人的情绪，而前后句用“and”连接(不是but)，所以“anxious”和“less
than
delighted”所表现的情绪的反差不会太大。
句意：Dermaine的妈妈在整个婚礼显得很焦虑，据说Cordell的父母的情绪也不是很高涨。
We
even
have
different
words
for
some
food，meat
in
particular,
depending
on
whether
it
is
still
out
in
the
fields
or
at
home
ready
to
be
cooked,which?shows?the
fact
that
the
Saxon
peasants
were
doing
the
farming,
while
the
upper
class
Normans
were
doing
most
of
the
eating.
【简析】本句夹杂多种语法结构，而且包含对比。句子的主干为“We
even
have
different
words
for
some
foods，meat
in
particular”;“depending
on...”为分词短语作状语;“whether
it
is
still
out
in
the
fields
or
at
home
ready
to
be
cooked”作depending
on的宾语;“which”引导非限制性定语从句指代上述内容“the
fact”后为其同位语，即同位语从句说明fact的具体内容。
句意：我们甚至对某些食物用不同的单词表达，特别是肉类，这取决于它是长在田野时，还是在家里准备煮着吃，这就表明一个事实，即萨克森农民在农田干活，而上层阶级的诺曼人在大口地吃。
长难句分析
1.
For
example,
adolescent
boys
are
more
likely
to
buy
computer
games
than
any
other
group,
so
it
makes
sense
to
make
computer
game
ads
that
appeal
to
this
group.
【句式翻译】例如，进入青春期的男孩子就可能比任何其他人群更愿意购买电脑游戏，因此，针对这个目标群体制作有吸引力的电脑游戏广告是有意义的。
【句式分析】本句是一个含有so引导表示结果的复合句，同时又含有一个than引导的比较状语从句。
【词语点拨】
1)likely
adj.
可能的，常用于句型：sb/sth
be
likely
to
do=
it
is
likely
that…
可能……
He’s
very
likely
to
send
me
an
email
tonight.=It’s
very
likely
that
he’ll
send
me
an
email
tonight.
很可能他今晚会给我发电子邮件。
2)
make
sense
有意义；讲得通；make
sense
of
理解
I
can’t
follow
these
instructions
--
they
don’tmake
sense.
我不理解这些指示--根本讲不通嘛。
We
read
the
sentence
through,
but
could
not
make
sense
of
it.
我们我们把句子看了一遍,
但不明白它说些什么。
3)
appeal
to
吸引；
appeal
to
sb.
for
sth/appeal
to
sb.
to
do
sth
呼吁某人干某事；求助于
Blue
and
red
appeal
to
me,
but
I
don’t
like
gray
or
yellow.
我喜欢蓝色和红色,
而不喜欢灰色或黄色。
Jack
sincerely
appealed
to
his
friends
to
support
him.
杰克真切地向朋友请求支持。
We
can
appeal
to
the
website
for
the
information
we
need.
我们可以在网上查找我们需要的信息。
【语法点拨】本句中的than
any
other…,
意为“比其他任何一个……”,
所谈论的对象在比较的范围之内；若不在范围之内,
则不用
other。
The
more
exposed
young
people
are
to
financial
issues,
and
the
younger
they
become
aware
of
them,
the
more
likely
they
are
to
become
responsible,
forward-planning
adults
who
manage
their
finances
confidently
and
effectively.
【句式翻译】年轻人越多接触经济问题、越早地了解这些问题，他们就更有可能成为有责任感的、早作打算的成年人，能够有信心地、有效地管理自己的经济问题。
【句式分析】本句含有“the+比较级，the+比较级”的句式，同时又含有一个who引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词adults。
【词语点拨】
1)
expose
vt.揭露；使暴露；
be
exposed
to
暴露于；接触
We
must
expose
this
shameful
activity
to
the
newspapers.
我们一定要向报社揭露这一无耻行径。
We
should
allow
children
to
be
exposed
to
new
ideas.
我们应当让孩子们接触新思想。
2）manage
v.设法对付；管理
manage
to
do
设法做成...
We
need
people
who
are
good
at
managing.
我们需要擅长管理的人。
He
managed
to
send
the
tourists
to
the
airport
in
time.
他设法把游客及时送到机场。
【语法点拨】“the+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越……越……”。如：
The
more
we
get
together,
the
happier
we’ll
be.
我们越是多聚会,
我们越快乐。
She
found
that
kids
praised
for“trying
hard”
did
better
on
tests
and
were
more
likely
to
take
on
difficult
assignments
than
those
praised
for
being“smart”.
【句式翻译】她发现因为努力被表扬的孩子比因为聪明被表扬的孩子在考试中表现得更好，更愿意承担困难的任务。
【句式分析】本句含有一个than引导的比较状语从句。
【词语点拨】take
on
承担；呈现
He
is
always
ready
to
take
on
heavy
responsibilities.
他一向乐于挑重担。
The
chameleon
can
take
on
the
colour
of
its
background.
变色龙可呈现出与其背景相同的颜色。
【语法点拨】当我们要对两个人或物进行比较时，就采用比较级，比较级的构成：形容词或副词的比较级+than+比较成分，意思是：“更……些”或“较……”。
In
a
word,
practice
is
far
more
important
than
book
knowledge.
一句话，实践远比书本知识重要。
He
worked
there
through
his
school
and
university
years
until
1942,
a
year
after
he
had
gained
a
Master’s
degree
at
university
in
chemistry.
【句式翻译】他读中学和大学的那段时间都在那里工作，一直到1942年，也就是他在大学里获得化学硕士学位后的那一年。
【句式分析】本句含有一个after引导的时间状语从句，从句中运用了过去完成时态。
【词语点拨】gain
vt.（经过努力）获得，取得
We
gain
knowledge
by
practicing
again
and
again.我们从反复训练中获取知识。
They
realized
that
passing
the
exam
was
no
longer
enough
to
gain
a
place
at
university.他们认识到仅仅通过这个考试，并不能确保在大学获得一席之位。
【语法点拨】过去完成时的构成：had
done，表示“过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by,
before,
after等构成的短语，也可用when,
before等引导的从句或通过上下文表示。
如：His
eyes
shone
brightly
when
he
finally
received
the
gift
hehad
long
expected.当她终于收到她盼望已久的礼物时，她兴奋得两眼闪光。
By
the
time
he
was
twelve,
Edison
had
begun
to
make
a
living
by
himself.12岁时，爱迪生就已经开始自己谋生了。
By
the
end
of
the
century,
we
will
have
discovered
other
places
in
our
solar
system
suitable
for
living
and
we
will
have
discovered
ways
to
go
further
into
space.
【句式翻译】到本世纪末，我们将会在太阳系中发现其他适合人类居住的星球，并将发现进行更远空间探索的方法。
【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，句中运用了将来完成时态。
【词语点拨】suitable
adj.合适的，适当的
构成短语：be
suitable
for
适合……
They
don’t
think
this
article
is
suitable
for
publication.
他们认为这篇文章不宜发表。
John
wanted
to
change
over
to
a
more
suitable
job.
约翰想换一个更加适合的工作。
【语法点拨】将来完成时的构成：will
have
done，表示“到将来某一时间为止已经完成的动作”。常与by
+
将来时间，before+将来时间和by
the
time
引导的表示将来时间的从句连用。如：
He
will
have
finished
writing
his
novel
by
the
end
of
next
year.
到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。
In
today’s
world,
winners
are
celebrated
and
treated
as
heroes,
but
if
doping
and
gene-therapy
continue
to
affect
the
outcomes
of
major
sporting
events,
the
word
“hero”
will
have
lost
all
meaning.
【句式翻译】在当今世界，人们祝贺获胜者，并把他们看作英雄，但如果服用兴奋剂和基因治疗继续影响着主要体育项目的成绩的话，“英雄”就失去了它的全部意义。
【句式分析】本句是由并列连词but连接的复合句，第二个分句运用了将来完成时，同时，包含有一个if引导的条件状语从句。
【词语点拨】
1)
celebrate
vt.庆祝
The
whole
city
celebrated
the
New
Year
with
fireworks.
全城放焰火来庆祝新年。
2)
affect
vt.影响，感动
I
told
him
firmly
that
his
opinion
will
not
affect
my
decision.
我坚定的告诉他，他的观点不会影响我的决定。
The
audience
present
was
deeply
affected
by
his
speech.
在场的听众都被他的演讲深深地打动了。
One
of
the
earliest
epidemics
on
record
happened
about
500-550
AD
when
the
Roman
emperor
at
the
time
was
attempting
to
rebuild
the
Roman
Empire.
【句式翻译】历史上有记载的最早的传染病之一发生在公元500-550年，当时的罗马皇帝正在试图重建罗马帝国。
【句式分析】本句包含一个when引导的限制性定语从句，从句中运用了过去进行时。
【词语点拨】attempt
v./n.尝试，试图
William
attempted
to
find
the
solution
to
the
problem.
威廉试图找到问题的解决办法。
He
was
nearly
drowned
in
the
attempt
to
swim
across.
他在试图游到对岸去时差一点被淹死。
But
this
seems
to
be
the
irony
of
office
speak：Everyone
makes
fun
of
it，but
managers
love
it，companies
depend
on
it，and
regular
people
willingly
absorb
it.
As
a
lingusit
said，"You
can
get
people
to
think
it's
nonsense
at
the
same
time
that
you
buy
into
it."
In
a
workplace
that's
fundamentally
indifferent
to
your
life
and
its
meaning,
office
speak
can
help
you
figure
out
how
you
relate
to
your
work-and
how
your
work
defines
who
you
are.
.Which
of
the
following
statements
is
true
about
office
speak?
[A]
Managers
admire
it
but
avoid
it
[B]
Linguists
believe
it
to
be
nonsense
[C]
Companies
find
it
to
be
fundamental
[D]
Regular
people
mock
it
but
accept
it
长难句解析：
原文：
managers
love
it
[A]
Managers
admire
it
but
avoid
it
所以这个选项中的but
avoid
it
就是文中没有提及的内容，可以排除。
原文：As
a
linguist
said，"You
can
get
people
to
think
it's
nonsense
at
the
same
time
that
you
buy
into
it."
(你可以让人们觉得这是胡说八道，但同时你又会相信它。)
[B]
Linguists
believe
it
to
be
nonsense
(语言学家认为这是胡说八道。)
这个选项比较容易排除。
原文：companies
depend
on
it
[C]
Companies
find
it
to
be
fundamental
这个选项有很强和迷惑性;
问题的关键就是：depend
on
是否能够等于
fundamental?
我对fundamental这个词比较警惕，
就如我在英语一的课程中讲过的：
essential和indispensible
常常就是NG(没有提及);
我早上吃了包子。就不能说：包子对于我来讲是必须的吧。
你依靠这个梯子上房。就不能说：你发现梯子是你的根本。
这个替换是有嫌疑的。所以我在做这个题的时候会看看D;
原文：Everyone
makes
fun
of
it;regular
people
willingly
absorb
it
Everyone=
regular
people;
make
fun
of
it=mock
it
absorb
it=
accept
it
[D]
Regular
people
mock
it
but
accept
it
长难句实战演练
1.Their
study
found
that
theobromine,
found
in
cocoa，was
nearly
a
third
more
effective
in
stopping
coughs
than
codeine，which
was
considered
the
best
cough
medicine
at
present.
The
Imperial
College
London
researchers
who
published
their
results
online
said
the
discovery
could
lead
to
more
effective
cough
treatment，“while
coughing
is
not
necessarily
harmful
it
can
have
a
major
effect
on
the
quality
of
life
and”
this
discovery
could
be
a
huge
step
forward
in
treating
this
problem，”
said
Professor
Peter
Barnes.
According
to
Professor
Barnes，theobromine______.
A.
cannot
be
as
effective
as
codeine
B.
can
be
harmful
to
people’s
health
C.
cannot
be
separated
from
chocolate
D.
can
be
a
more
effective
cure
for
coughs
2.Much
of
the
energy
that
comes
from
the
Sun
never
reaches
the
Earth’s
surface.
It
is
either
reflected
or
absorbed
by
the
gases
in
the
upper
atmosphere.
Of
the
energy
that
reaches
the
lower
atmosphere,
30%
is
reflected
by
clouds
or
the
Earth’s
surface.
The
remaining
70%
warms
the
surface
of
the
planet.
Only
a
small
part
of
the
Sun’s
energy
reaches
the
Earth’s
surface
because
most
of
it
is______.
A.
absorbed
by
the
clouds
in
the
lower
atmosphere
B.
reflected
by
the
gases
in
the
upper
atmosphere
C.
lost
in
the
upper
and
lower
atmosphere
D.
used
to
evaporate
water
from
the
oceans
and
lakes
3.The
response
to
her
request
for
help
was
so
huge
that
Poe
established
Kids
For
A
Cleaner
Environment
(Kids
F.A.C.E.)
in
1989.There
are
now
300，000
members
of
Kids
FACE
worldwide
and
is
the
world’s
largest
youth
environmental
organization.
Kids
FACE
is______.
A.
a
program
to
help
students
with
writing
B.
a
project
of
litter
recycling
C.
a
campaign
launched
by
President
Bush
D.
a
club
of
environmental
protection
What
can
we
learn
about
Poe?
A.
She
was
awarded
a
prize
in
Brazil.
B.
She
donated
billboard
across
the
country.
C.
She
got
positive
responses
for
her
efforts
D.
She
joined
the
National
Park
Service.
4.One
of
the
reasons
that
made
it
cool
for
him
not
to
care
was
the
power
of
his
peer
group.
64.Why
did
Tom
give
up
studying?
A.
He
disliked
his
teachers.
B.
His
parents
no
longer
supported
him.?
???
C.
It’s
cool
for
boys
of
his
age
not
to
care
about
studies.
D.
There
were
too
many
subjects
in
his
secondary
school.
The
endless
choice
gives
birth
to
anxiety
in
people’s
lives.
Buying
something
as
basic
as
a
coffee
pot
is
not
exactly
simple.
Easy
access
to
a
wide
range
of
everyday
goods
leads
to
a
sense
of
powerlessness
in
many
people，ending
in
the
shopper
giving
up
and
walking
away，or
just
buying
an
unsuitable
item(商品)
that
is
not
really
wanted.
Why
do
more
choices
of
goods
give
rise
to
anxiety?
A.
Professionals
find
it
hard
to
decide
on
a
suitable
product.
B.
People
are
likely
to
find
themselves
overcome
by
business
persuasion.
C.
Shoppers
may
find
themselves
lost
in
the
broad
range
of
items.
D.
Companies
and
advertisers
are
often
misleading
about
the
range
of
choice.
As
the
only
girl
in
a
family
of
seven
children，she
often
felt
like
she
had
“seven
fathers，”
because
her
six
brothers，as
well
as
her
father，tried
to
control
her.
Feeling
shy
and
unimportant，she
retreated(躲避)
into
books.
Despite
her
love
of
reading，she
did
not
do
well
in
elementary
school
because
she
was
too
shy
to
participate.
Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE
about
Cisneros
in
her
childhood?
A.
She
had
seven
brothers.
B.
She
felt
herself
a
nobody.
C.
She
was
too
shy
to
go
to
school.
D.
She
did
not
have
any
good
teachers.
They
may
think
that
eating
lunch
is
the
cause
of
the
sleepiness.
Or，in
summer，they
may
think
it
is
the
heat.
However，the
real
reason
lies
inside
their
bodies.
At
that
time
—about
eight
hours
after
you
wake
up—your
body
temperature
goes
down.
This
is
what
makes
you
slow
down
and
feel
sleepy.
Why
do
people
feel
sleepy
in
the
early
afternoon
according
to
the
text?
A.
They
eat
too
much
for
lunch.
B.
They
sleep
too
little
at
night.
C.
Their
body
temperature
becomes
lower.
D.
The
weather
becomes
a
lot
warmer.
These
brain
differences
also
explain
the
fact
that
more
men
take
up
jobs
that
require
good
spatial
skills，while
more
women
speech
skills.
It
may
all
go
back
to
our
ancestors，among
whom
women
needed
speech
skills
to
take
care
of
their
babies
and
men
needed
spatial
skills
to
hunt，according
to
one
research
Which
of
the
following
do
you
agree
with
according
to
the
fourth
paragraph?
A.
Young
boys
may
be
stronger
than
young
girls.
B.
More
women
take
up
jobs
requiring
speech
skills
C.
Women
may
have
stronger
feelings
than
men.
D.
Our
ancestors
needed
more
spatial
skills.
9.In
those
days，IP
rights
were
easily
protected
since
it
was
very
difficult
to
obtain
intellectual
property
without
paying
for
it.
However，a
lot
of
IP，including
songs，films，books
and
artwork，can
be
downloaded
today
free
of
charge
using
the
Internet.
What
do
we
know
about
the
Internet
according
to
the
passage?
A.
It
makes
IP
rights
harder
to
protect.
B.
It
sells
songs
and
films.
C.
It
does
not
affect
the
way
we
understand
IP
rights.
D.
It
prevents
the
production
of
artwork.
According
to
paragraph
2，what
has
“taken
the
world
by
storm”?
A.
Intellectual
property
rights.
B.
The
Internet.
C.
Free
downloading.
D.
The
large
number
of
songs，films
and
books.
10.The
busier
we
are，the
more
important
we
seem
to
ourselves
and，we
imagine，to
others.To
be
unavailable
to
our
friends
and
family，and
to
be
unable
to
find
time
to
relax—this
has
become
the
model
of
a
successful
life.
According
to
Paragraph
4，a
successful
person
is
one
who
is
believed
to
____
.
A.
be
able
to
work
without
stress
B.
be
more
talented
than
other
people
C.
be
more
important
than
anyone
else
D.
be
busy
working
without
time
to
rest
11.The
researchers
said
that
among
the
problems
with
some
earlier
studies
is
that
they
often
failed
to
take
into
account
those
people
most
at
risk
for
skin
cancer—people
with
fair
skin
and
freckles(雀斑)，for
example—are
more
likely
to
use
sunscreen.
As
a
result，it
may
appear
that
sunscreen
users
get
cancer
more
often.
People
with
fair
skin
and
freckles______.
A.
seldom
use
sunscreen
B.
are
more
in
danger
of
skin
cancer
C.
can
be
free
from
the
harm
of
the
sun
D.
often
expose
themselves
to
the
sun
12.
Yocum
and
Bell，who
have
just
completed
an
art
gallery
for
the
city，feel
that
the
experience
from
decoration
of
their
building，focusing
on
the
inside
rather
than
the
outside，has
influenced
their
work.
It
has
also
given
these
architects
a
chance
to
show
how
they
can
make
more
out
of
less.
It
can
be
inferred
from
the
passage
that
Yocum
and
Bell______.
A.
benefited
a
lot
from
pulling
down
the
roof
B.
turned
more
old
buildings
into
art
galleries
C.
got
inspiration
from
decorating
their
old
building
D.
paid
more
attention
to
the
outside
of
the
gallery
13.
But
only
when
we
stop
pretending
we
are
brave
or
strong
do
we
allow
people
to
show
the
kindness
that
is
in
them.
More
often,
it
would
be
better
if
we
don’t
pretend
we
feel
strong
when
we
feel
weak
or
pretend
that
we
are
brave
when
we
are
scared.
In
this
passage,
the
author
advises
us
to
______.
A.
handle
problems
by
ourselves
B.
accept
help
from
others
C.
admit
our
weakness
D.
show
our
bravery
14.
A
year
ago,
shortly
after
Janey
Henriksen
saw
a
Brian
Williams
report
about
the
Little
Free
Library
organization,
a
Wisconsin-based
nonprofit
that
aims
to
promote
literacy
and
build
a
sense
of
community
in
a
neighborhood
by
making
books
freely
available,
she
announced
to
her
family
of
four,
“That’s
what
we’re
going
to
do
for
our
spring
break!”
Janey
got
the
idea
to
build
a
library
from
_________.
a
visit
to
Brian
Williams
B.
a
spring
break
with
her
family
C.
a
book
sent
by
one
of
her
neighbors
D.
a
report
on
a
Wisconsin-based
organization
参考答案：
1—2
D
C
3.D
C
4.
C
5.C
6.B
7.C
8
B.
9A
C
10.D
11.B
12.C
13.C
14.D
阅读理解精选注意长难句分析
Directions:
Read
the
following
three
passages.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
several
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Choose
the
one
that
fits
best
according
to
the
information
given
in
the
passage
you
have
read.
(C)
Lindsay
Renwick,
the
mayor
of
Deniliquin,
a
country
town
in
New
South
Wales,
misses
the
constant
whir
(嗡嗡声)
of
the
rice
mill
whose
giant
fans
dried
the
rice.
The
Deniliquin
mill,
the
largest
rice
mill
in
the
Southern
Hemisphere
(南半球),
once
processed
enough
grain
to
meet
the
needs
of
20
million
people
globally.
But
six
years
of
drought
have
had
a
destructive
effect,
reducing
Australia’s
rice
crop
by
98
percent
and
leading
to
the
mothballing
of
the
mill
last
December.
Drought
affects
every
agriculture
industry
based
in
Australia,
not
just
rice
—
from
sheep
farming,
the
country’s
other
backbone,
to
the
cultivation
of
grapes
for
wine,
the
fastest-growing
crop
there,
with
that
expansion
often
coming
at
the
expense
of
rice.
The
drought’s
effect
on
rice
has
produced
the
greatest
impact
on
the
rest
of
the
world,
so
far.
It
is
one
factor
contributing
to
skyrocketing
prices,
and
many
scientists
believe
it
is
among
the
earliest
signs
that
a
warming
planet
is
starting
to
affect
food
production.
Researchers
are
looking
for
solutions
to
global
rice
shortages
—
for
example,
rice
that
blooms
earlier
in
the
day,
when
it
is
cooler,
to
fight
against
global
warming.
Rice
plants
that
happen
to
bloom
on
hot
days
are
less
likely
to
produce
grains
of
rice,
a
difficulty
that
is
already
starting
to
emerge
in
inland
areas
of
China
and
other
Asian
countries
as
temperatures
begin
to
climb.
“There
will
be
problems
very
soon
unless
we
have
new
varieties
of
rice
in
place,”
said
Reiner
Wassmann,
climate
change
director
at
the
International
Rice
Research
Institute
(IRRI).
The
recent
reports
on
climate
change
carried
a
warning
that
could
make
the
news
even
worse:
that
existing
models
for
the
effects
of
climate
change
on
agriculture
did
not
yet
include
newer
findings
that
global
warming
could
reduce
rainfall
and
make
it
more
variable.
Yet
the
effects
of
climate
change
are
not
uniformly
bad
for
rice.
Rising
concentrations
(浓度)
of
carbon
dioxide,
the
main
greenhouse
gas,
can
actually
help
rice
-
although
the
effect
reduces
or
disappears
if
the
plants
face
unnecessary
heat,
inadequate
water,
severe
pollution
or
other
stresses.
Still,
the
flexibility
of
farmers
here
has
persuaded
some
climate
experts
that,
particularly
in
developed
countries,
the
effects
of
climate
change
may
be
relieved,
if
not
completely
avoided.
“I’m
not
as
negative
as
most
people,”
said
Will
Steffen,
director
of
the
Fenner
School
of
Environment
and
Society
at
Australian
National
University.
“Farmers
are
learning
how
to
do
things
differently.”
Meanwhile,
changes
like
the
use
of
water
to
grow
wine
grapes
instead
of
rice
carry
their
own
costs,
as
the
developing
world
is
discovering.
“Rice
is
an
essential
food，”
said
Graeme
Haley,
the
general
manager
of
the
town
of
Deniliquin.
“Wine
is
not.”
62.
By
“the
mothballing
of
the
mill”
(in
Paragraph
1)
the
author
most
probably
means
the
mill
is
.
A.
kept
unprocessed
B.
left
unused
C.
being
entirely
restored
D.
being
pushed
round
63.
To
find
the
ways
to
cope
with
the
global
rice
shortage,
researchers
are
.
A.
seeking
new
types
of
rice
which
could
bloom
at
a
lower
temperature
B.
building
greenhouses
which
could
provide
more
heat
for
rice
to
grow
C.
studying
climate
changes
in
China
which
may
affect
rice
growing
in
Asia
D.
looking
for
alternative
agriculture
industries
which
may
take
the
place
of
rice
64.
Which
of
the
following
can
be
learned
from
the
passage?
A.
Rice
plants
are
fond
of
higher
temperature
in
the
process
of
growing.
B.
Global
warming
has
shown
few
signs
of
influence
on
agriculture.
C.
Rice
prices
are
rising
steadily
owing
to
the
crop
failure
in
Australia.
D.
Global
warming
may
contribute
to
more
complicated
weather
conditions.
65.
It
can
be
inferred
from
the
passage
that
.
A.
Australia
is
the
largest
rice
producing
country
around
the
world
B.
most
people
look
on
the
bright
side
of
the
flexibility
of
farmers
C.
climate
changes
have
simply
brought
negative
effects
to
people’s
lives
D.
wine
grape
cultivation
has
threatened
the
rice
production
in
Australia
66.
Which
of
the
following
best
serves
as
the
title
of
the
passage?
A.
Rice
shortage
and
wine
boom
B.
Drought,
the
enemy
of
rice
production
C.
Rice
crisis
and
its
solution
D.
Rice
issue,
a
focus
of
the
public
attention
答案：62.
B
63.
A
64.
D
65.
D
66.
C
62.解析：由第一段最后一句可知大米产量因干旱减少了90%，因此磨坊的工作也大幅下降，不被使用，故选B。
63.解析：由第三段第一句可知，研究人员考虑提前水稻在白天的开花时间，即在更凉爽的时间开花，故选A。
64.解析：由第三段第二句可知，大米喜阴，故A错。由第二段可知，全球变暖严重影响农业及畜牧业，可能带来粮食危机，故B错。由第二段第三句可知，大米价格飞涨，故C错。由第三段最后一句可知全球变暖还会影响降雨量，故选D。
65.解析：文中并未提及澳大利亚是全球最大的水稻生产国，故A错。第四段第二句指出仅一些专家对农民们的灵活性持积极态度，故B错。由第四段第二句可知，温室气体有助于水稻生长，故C错。由第五段第一句可知葡萄种植正取代水稻种植，故选D。
66.解析：本题是一道综合概括题，由全文内容可知，本文核心内容为全球变暖给水稻种植带来的影响，故选C。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(
高考阅读理解中的长难句分析
)
英语阅读理解题所选短文均选自英语原版文章，原汁原昧”，考生普遍感觉较难理解。那么，这些阅读材料到底难在哪儿呢？除了生词量大、篇幅长、信息量大以外．就是短文中的句子结构较为复杂，搀杂了大量的长、难句，对长难句的理解会直接影响我们的阅读成绩。那么长难句构成有哪些特征？如何破解阅读理解中的长难句？
一、长难句构成特征
1.带有较多成分的简单句
Schools
across
China
are
expected
to
hire
50,000
college
graduates
this
year
as
short-term
teachers,
almost
three
times
the
number
hired
last
year,
to
help
reduce
unemployment
pressures
.
2.含有多个从句的复合句
Whereas
a
woman’s
closest
female
friend
might
be
the
first
to
tell
her
to
leave
a
failing
marriage,
it
wasn’t
unusual
to
hear
a
man
say
that
he
didn’t
know
that
his
friend’s
marriage
was
in
serious
trouble
until
he
appeared
one
night
asking
if
he
could
sleep
on
the
sofa.
3.含有插入成份的句子
如同位语（从句）、非限制性定语从句、状语从句、分词、插入语等等。有时有逗号或破折号分开
The
lack
of
right
male
role
models
in
many
of
their
lives—at
home
and
particularly
in
the
school
environment
—means
that
their
peers
are
the
only
people
they
have
to
judge
themselves
against.
Science
has
become
so
important
in
the
modern
world,
with
its
procedures
so
highly
standardized
and
so
widely
accepted,
that
it
is
included
among
modern
social
institutions.
4.含有省略成份的句子
The
magazine
is
male-targeting
because
young
guys
generally
won’t
pick
up
a
magazine
that
appears
to
be
directed
at
females,
whereas
girls
usually
will.
5.倒装句、强调句
Before
1066,
in
the
land
we
now
call
Great
Britain
lived
peoples
belonging
to
two
major
language
groups.
How
is
it
t
hat
the
can
leave
Betty
and
her
friend
Joan
sitting
on
the
sofa,
talking,
go
out
to
a
ballgame，come
back
three
and
a
half
hours
later,
and
they’re
still
sitting
on
the
sofa
,talking?
破解长难句方法
找谓语，定主语
一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者（主语），我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句（并列谓语动词的情况除外）。如
Declaring
that
he
was
opposed
to
using
this
unusual
animal
husbandry
technique
to
clone
humans,
he
ordered
that
federal
funds
not
be
used
for
such
an
experiment
---
although
no
one
had
proposed
to
do
so
and
asked
an
independent
panel
of
experts
chaired
by
Princeton
President
Harold
Shapiro
to
report
back
to
the
White
House
in
90
days
with
recommendations
for
a
national
policy
on
human
cloning.
【简析】此句中的谓语形式的动词及其对应的主语有：
was
opposed
--he;
ordered--he;
(should)
not
be
used
---federal--funds;
had
proposed
---
no
one;
asked--he
(asked前面有and,
说明asked与前面某个谓语动词并列，根据逻辑意义asked应与ordered并列)。这一句的主干为
“he
ordered...
asked
....”,
“Declaring
that...”作状语。
句意：他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的蓄牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验——尽管还没有人建议这么做——他还请一个普林斯顿大学校长Harold
Shapiro
为首的独立专家组在90天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。
提主干，去枝叶（从句等）
一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。如：
First
?put
?forward
?by
?the
?French
?mathematician
?Pierre
de
Format
in
the
17th
century，the
theorem
had
baffled
and
beaten
the
finest
mathematical
minds，including
a
French
woman
scientist
who
made
a
major
advance
in
working
out
the
problem，and
who
had
to
dress
like
a
man
in
order
to
be
?able
?to
?study
?at
?the
Eco-lab
Poly
technique.
【简析】本句夹杂分词短语、动名词及两个定语从句。
“First
?put
?forward
?by
?the
?
French
mathematician
Pierre
de
Format
in
the
17th
century”为过去分词短语作状语;“including...”为介词短语作状语;“who
made...and
who
had
to...”为两个并列的定语从句，修饰a
French
woman
scientist。所以句子的主干为the
theorem
had
baffled
?and
beaten
the
finest
mathematical
minds此为主要信息。
句意：这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家Pierre
de
Format提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，其中包括一个法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展。为了能够在Eco-lab
Poly
technique理工学院学习她曾女扮男装。
寻关联，辨逻辑
一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句。而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找准这些关联词，就能够分辨出句与句之间的逻辑关系，分别弄清主句的意义和从句的意义，则长句就容易对付得多了。要掌握此方法必须对英语中的常见的关联词谙熟于心。
Whereas
a
woman’s
closest
female
friend
might
be
the
first
to
tell
her
to
leave
a
failing
marriage，it
wasn’t
unusual
to
hear
a
man
say
he
didn’t
know
his
friend’s
marriage
?was
?in
?serious
trouble
until
he
appeared
one
night
asking
if
he
could?sleep
on
the
sofa.
【简析】“whereas”提示前后对比;not
unusual=usual;not...until...直到……才……
句意：一个女人最亲密的女性朋友最可能是第一个告诉她离开一次失败的婚姻的人;而听见一个男人说，直到他的朋友一天晚上问他是否可以睡在他家的沙发上，他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，这是很平常的事。
看搭配，防隔离
有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个搭配构成，而且这些搭配中常常出现分隔现象。读者若受分隔现象的干扰而看不清句子的本来面目，则对句意的理解就会发生偏差。如：
Some
companies
have
made
the
manufacturing
of
clean
and
safe
products，to
some
degree，their
main
selling
points
and
emphasize
it
in
their
advertising.
【简析】其实本句是一个“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型“make+宾语+宾补”，即“使……成为……”，只不过宾语和宾补被“to
some
degree”隔开而已。
句意：一些公司把生产的卫生的、安全的产品，从某种程度上说，当作他们的卖点，并在广告中强调这一点。
关键词，抓线索
有时某些句子句意模糊，读者理不清头绪，这时读者只能依靠关键词来抓，从而在大体上搞清楚句意。总之，在碰到长句和难句时，要根据实际情况灵活运用上述方法，在平时阅读过程中要加强对长句和难句的句法分析训练。有时要几种方法综合使用才能正确理解句意。如：
Miss?Dermaine’s?mother?looked?anxious?throughout?the?wedding
and
Mr.Cordell’s
parents
are
reported
to
be
less
than
delighted.
【简析】此句似乎在描述婚礼上不同的人的情绪，而前后句用“and”连接(不是but)，所以“anxious”和“less
than
delighted”所表现的情绪的反差不会太大。
句意：Dermaine的妈妈在整个婚礼显得很焦虑，据说Cordell的父母的情绪也不是很高涨。
We
even
have
different
words
for
some
food，meat
in
particular,
depending
on
whether
it
is
still
out
in
the
fields
or
at
home
ready
to
be
cooked,which?shows?the
fact
that
the
Saxon
peasants
were
doing
the
farming,
while
the
upper
class
Normans
were
doing
most
of
the
eating.
【简析】本句夹杂多种语法结构，而且包含对比。句子的主干为“We
even
have
different
words
for
some
foods，meat
in
particular”;“depending
on...”为分词短语作状语;“whether
it
is
still
out
in
the
fields
or
at
home
ready
to
be
cooked”作depending
on的宾语;“which”引导非限制性定语从句指代上述内容“the
fact”后为其同位语，即同位语从句说明fact的具体内容。
句意：我们甚至对某些食物用不同的单词表达，特别是肉类，这取决于它是长在田野时，还是在家里准备煮着吃，这就表明一个事实，即萨克森农民在农田干活，而上层阶级的诺曼人在大口地吃。
长难句分析
1.
For
example,
adolescent
boys
are
more
likely
to
buy
computer
games
than
any
other
group,
so
it
makes
sense
to
make
computer
game
ads
that
appeal
to
this
group.
【词语点拨】
1)likely
adj.
可能的，常用于句型：sb/sth
be
likely
to
do=
it
is
likely
that…
可能……
He’s
very
likely
to
send
me
an
email
tonight.=It’s
very
likely
that
he’ll
send
me
an
email
tonight.
很可能他今晚会给我发电子邮件。
2)
make
sense
有意义；讲得通；make
sense
of
理解
I
can’t
follow
these
instructions
--
they
don’tmake
sense.
我不理解这些指示--根本讲不通嘛。
We
read
the
sentence
through,
but
could
not
make
sense
of
it.
我们我们把句子看了一遍,
但不明白它说些什么。
3)
appeal
to
吸引；
appeal
to
sb.
for
sth/appeal
to
sb.
to
do
sth
呼吁某人干某事；求助于
Blue
and
red
appeal
to
me,
but
I
don’t
like
gray
or
yellow.
我喜欢蓝色和红色,
而不喜欢灰色或黄色。
Jack
sincerely
appealed
to
his
friends
to
support
him.
杰克真切地向朋友请求支持。
We
can
appeal
to
the
website
for
the
information
we
need.
我们可以在网上查找我们需要的信息。
The
more
exposed
young
people
are
to
financial
issues,
and
the
younger
they
become
aware
of
them,
the
more
likely
they
are
to
become
responsible,
forward-planning
adults
who
manage
their
finances
confidently
and
effectively.
【词语点拨】
1)
expose
vt.揭露；使暴露；
be
exposed
to
暴露于；接触
We
must
expose
this
shameful
activity
to
the
newspapers.
我们一定要向报社揭露这一无耻行径。
We
should
allow
children
to
be
exposed
to
new
ideas.
我们应当让孩子们接触新思想。
2）manage
v.设法对付；管理
manage
to
do
设法做成...
We
need
people
who
are
good
at
managing.
我们需要擅长管理的人。
He
managed
to
send
the
tourists
to
the
airport
in
time.
他设法把游客及时送到机场。
She
found
that
kids
praised
for“trying
hard”
did
better
on
tests
and
were
more
likely
to
take
on
difficult
assignments
than
those
praised
for
being“smart”.
【词语点拨】take
on
承担；呈现
He
is
always
ready
to
take
on
heavy
responsibilities.
他一向乐于挑重担。
The
chameleon
can
take
on
the
colour
of
its
background.
变色龙可呈现出与其背景相同的颜色。
He
worked
there
through
his
school
and
university
years
until
1942,
a
year
after
he
had
gained
a
Master’s
degree
at
university
in
chemistry.
【词语点拨】gain
vt.（经过努力）获得，取得
We
gain
knowledge
by
practicing
again
and
again.我们从反复训练中获取知识。
They
realized
that
passing
the
exam
was
no
longer
enough
to
gain
a
place
at
university.他们认识到仅仅通过这个考试，并不能确保在大学获得一席之位。
By
the
end
of
the
century,
we
will
have
discovered
other
places
in
our
solar
system
suitable
for
living
and
we
will
have
discovered
ways
to
go
further
into
space.
【词语点拨】suitable
adj.合适的，适当的
构成短语：be
suitable
for
适合……
They
don’t
think
this
article
is
suitable
for
publication.
他们认为这篇文章不宜发表。
John
wanted
to
change
over
to
a
more
suitable
job.
约翰想换一个更加适合的工作。
In
today’s
world,
winners
are
celebrated
and
treated
as
heroes,
but
if
doping
and
gene-therapy
continue
to
affect
the
outcomes
of
major
sporting
events,
the
word
“hero”
will
have
lost
all
meaning.
【词语点拨】
1)
celebrate
vt.庆祝
The
whole
city
celebrated
the
New
Year
with
fireworks.
全城放焰火来庆祝新年。
2)
affect
vt.影响，感动
I
told
him
firmly
that
his
opinion
will
not
affect
my
decision.
我坚定的告诉他，他的观点不会影响我的决定。
The
audience
present
was
deeply
affected
by
his
speech.
在场的听众都被他的演讲深深地打动了。
One
of
the
earliest
epidemics
on
record
happened
about
500-550
AD
when
the
Roman
emperor
at
the
time
was
attempting
to
rebuild
the
Roman
Empire.
【词语点拨】attempt
v./n.尝试，试图
William
attempted
to
find
the
solution
to
the
problem.
威廉试图找到问题的解决办法。
He
was
nearly
drowned
in
the
attempt
to
swim
across.
他在试图游到对岸去时差一点被淹死。
But
this
seems
to
be
the
irony
of
office
speak：Everyone
makes
fun
of
it，but
managers
love
it，companies
depend
on
it，and
regular
people
willingly
absorb
it.
As
a
lingusit
said，"You
can
get
people
to
think
it's
nonsense
at
the
same
time
that
you
buy
into
it."
In
a
workplace
that's
fundamentally
indifferent
to
your
life
and
its
meaning,
office
speak
can
help
you
figure
out
how
you
relate
to
your
work-and
how
your
work
defines
who
you
are.
.Which
of
the
following
statements
is
true
about
office
speak?
[A]
Managers
admire
it
but
avoid
it
[B]
Linguists
believe
it
to
be
nonsense
[C]
Companies
find
it
to
be
fundamental
[D]
Regular
people
mock
it
but
accept
it
长难句实战演练
1.Their
study
found
that
theobromine,
found
in
cocoa，was
nearly
a
third
more
effective
in
stopping
coughs
than
codeine，which
was
considered
the
best
cough
medicine
at
present.
The
Imperial
College
London
researchers
who
published
their
results
online
said
the
discovery
could
lead
to
more
effective
cough
treatment，“while
coughing
is
not
necessarily
harmful
it
can
have
a
major
effect
on
the
quality
of
life
and”
this
discovery
could
be
a
huge
step
forward
in
treating
this
problem，”
said
Professor
Peter
Barnes.
According
to
Professor
Barnes，theobromine______.
A.
cannot
be
as
effective
as
codeine
B.
can
be
harmful
to
people’s
health
C.
cannot
be
separated
from
chocolate
D.
can
be
a
more
effective
cure
for
coughs
2.Much
of
the
energy
that
comes
from
the
Sun
never
reaches
the
Earth’s
surface.
It
is
either
reflected
or
absorbed
by
the
gases
in
the
upper
atmosphere.
Of
the
energy
that
reaches
the
lower
atmosphere,
30%
is
reflected
by
clouds
or
the
Earth’s
surface.
The
remaining
70%
warms
the
surface
of
the
planet.
Only
a
small
part
of
the
Sun’s
energy
reaches
the
Earth’s
surface
because
most
of
it
is______.
A.
absorbed
by
the
clouds
in
the
lower
atmosphere
B.
reflected
by
the
gases
in
the
upper
atmosphere
C.
lost
in
the
upper
and
lower
atmosphere
D.
used
to
evaporate
water
from
the
oceans
and
lakes
3.The
response
to
her
request
for
help
was
so
huge
that
Poe
established
Kids
For
A
Cleaner
Environment
(Kids
F.A.C.E.)
in
1989.There
are
now
300，000
members
of
Kids
FACE
worldwide
and
is
the
world’s
largest
youth
environmental
organization.
Kids
FACE
is______.
A.
a
program
to
help
students
with
writing
B.
a
project
of
litter
recycling
C.
a
campaign
launched
by
President
Bush
D.
a
club
of
environmental
protection
What
can
we
learn
about
Poe?
A.
She
was
awarded
a
prize
in
Brazil.
B.
She
donated
billboard
across
the
country.
C.
She
got
positive
responses
for
her
efforts
D.
She
joined
the
National
Park
Service.
4.One
of
the
reasons
that
made
it
cool
for
him
not
to
care
was
the
power
of
his
peer
group.
64.Why
did
Tom
give
up
studying?
A.
He
disliked
his
teachers.
B.
His
parents
no
longer
supported
him.?
???
C.
It’s
cool
for
boys
of
his
age
not
to
care
about
studies.
D.
There
were
too
many
subjects
in
his
secondary
school.
The
endless
choice
gives
birth
to
anxiety
in
people’s
lives.
Buying
something
as
basic
as
a
coffee
pot
is
not
exactly
simple.
Easy
access
to
a
wide
range
of
everyday
goods
leads
to
a
sense
of
powerlessness
in
many
people，ending
in
the
shopper
giving
up
and
walking
away，or
just
buying
an
unsuitable
item(商品)
that
is
not
really
wanted.
Why
do
more
choices
of
goods
give
rise
to
anxiety?
A.
Professionals
find
it
hard
to
decide
on
a
suitable
product.
B.
People
are
likely
to
find
themselves
overcome
by
business
persuasion.
C.
Shoppers
may
find
themselves
lost
in
the
broad
range
of
items.
D.
Companies
and
advertisers
are
often
misleading
about
the
range
of
choice.
As
the
only
girl
in
a
family
of
seven
children，she
often
felt
like
she
had
“seven
fathers，”
because
her
six
brothers，as
well
as
her
father，tried
to
control
her.
Feeling
shy
and
unimportant，she
retreated(躲避)
into
books.
Despite
her
love
of
reading，she
did
not
do
well
in
elementary
school
because
she
was
too
shy
to
participate.
Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE
about
Cisneros
in
her
childhood?
A.
She
had
seven
brothers.
B.
She
felt
herself
a
nobody.
C.
She
was
too
shy
to
go
to
school.
D.
She
did
not
have
any
good
teachers.
They
may
think
that
eating
lunch
is
the
cause
of
the
sleepiness.
Or，in
summer，they
may
think
it
is
the
heat.
However，the
real
reason
lies
inside
their
bodies.
At
that
time
—about
eight
hours
after
you
wake
up—your
body
temperature
goes
down.
This
is
what
makes
you
slow
down
and
feel
sleepy.
Why
do
people
feel
sleepy
in
the
early
afternoon
according
to
the
text?
A.
They
eat
too
much
for
lunch.
B.
They
sleep
too
little
at
night.
C.
Their
body
temperature
becomes
lower.
D.
The
weather
becomes
a
lot
warmer.
These
brain
differences
also
explain
the
fact
that
more
men
take
up
jobs
that
require
good
spatial
skills，while
more
women
speech
skills.
It
may
all
go
back
to
our
ancestors，among
whom
women
needed
speech
skills
to
take
care
of
their
babies
and
men
needed
spatial
skills
to
hunt，according
to
one
research
Which
of
the
following
do
you
agree
with
according
to
the
fourth
paragraph?
A.
Young
boys
may
be
stronger
than
young
girls.
B.
More
women
take
up
jobs
requiring
speech
skills
C.
Women
may
have
stronger
feelings
than
men.
D.
Our
ancestors
needed
more
spatial
skills.
9.In
those
days，IP
rights
were
easily
protected
since
it
was
very
difficult
to
obtain
intellectual
property
without
paying
for
it.
However，a
lot
of
IP，including
songs，films，books
and
artwork，can
be
downloaded
today
free
of
charge
using
the
Internet.
What
do
we
know
about
the
Internet
according
to
the
passage?
A.
It
makes
IP
rights
harder
to
protect.
B.
It
sells
songs
and
films.
C.
It
does
not
affect
the
way
we
understand
IP
rights.
D.
It
prevents
the
production
of
artwork.
According
to
paragraph
2，what
has
“taken
the
world
by
storm”?
A.
Intellectual
property
rights.
B.
The
Internet.
C.
Free
downloading.
D.
The
large
number
of
songs，films
and
books.
10.The
busier
we
are，the
more
important
we
seem
to
ourselves
and，we
imagine，to
others.To
be
unavailable
to
our
friends
and
family，and
to
be
unable
to
find
time
to
relax—this
has
become
the
model
of
a
successful
life.
According
to
Paragraph
4，a
successful
person
is
one
who
is
believed
to
____
.
A.
be
able
to
work
without
stress
B.
be
more
talented
than
other
people
C.
be
more
important
than
anyone
else
D.
be
busy
working
without
time
to
rest
11.The
researchers
said
that
among
the
problems
with
some
earlier
studies
is
that
they
often
failed
to
take
into
account
those
people
most
at
risk
for
skin
cancer—people
with
fair
skin
and
freckles(雀斑)，for
example—are
more
likely
to
use
sunscreen.
As
a
result，it
may
appear
that
sunscreen
users
get
cancer
more
often.
People
with
fair
skin
and
freckles______.
A.
seldom
use
sunscreen
B.
are
more
in
danger
of
skin
cancer
C.
can
be
free
from
the
harm
of
the
sun
D.
often
expose
themselves
to
the
sun
12.
Yocum
and
Bell，who
have
just
completed
an
art
gallery
for
the
city，feel
that
the
experience
from
decoration
of
their
building，focusing
on
the
inside
rather
than
the
outside，has
influenced
their
work.
It
has
also
given
these
architects
a
chance
to
show
how
they
can
make
more
out
of
less.
It
can
be
inferred
from
the
passage
that
Yocum
and
Bell______.
A.
benefited
a
lot
from
pulling
down
the
roof
B.
turned
more
old
buildings
into
art
galleries
C.
got
inspiration
from
decorating
their
old
building
D.
paid
more
attention
to
the
outside
of
the
gallery
13.
But
only
when
we
stop
pretending
we
are
brave
or
strong
do
we
allow
people
to
show
the
kindness
that
is
in
them.
More
often,
it
would
be
better
if
we
don’t
pretend
we
feel
strong
when
we
feel
weak
or
pretend
that
we
are
brave
when
we
are
scared.
In
this
passage,
the
author
advises
us
to
______.
A.
handle
problems
by
ourselves
B.
accept
help
from
others
C.
admit
our
weakness
D.
show
our
bravery
14.
A
year
ago,
shortly
after
Janey
Henriksen
saw
a
Brian
Williams
report
about
the
Little
Free
Library
organization,
a
Wisconsin-based
nonprofit
that
aims
to
promote
literacy
and
build
a
sense
of
community
in
a
neighborhood
by
making
books
freely
available,
she
announced
to
her
family
of
four,
“That’s
what
we’re
going
to
do
for
our
spring
break!”
Janey
got
the
idea
to
build
a
library
from
_________.
a
visit
to
Brian
Williams
B.
a
spring
break
with
her
family
C.
a
book
sent
by
one
of
her
neighbors
D.
a
report
on
a
Wisconsin-based
organization
阅读理解精选注意长难句分析
Directions:
Read
the
following
three
passages.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
several
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Choose
the
one
that
fits
best
according
to
the
information
given
in
the
passage
you
have
read.
(C)
Lindsay
Renwick,
the
mayor
of
Deniliquin,
a
country
town
in
New
South
Wales,
misses
the
constant
whir
(嗡嗡声)
of
the
rice
mill
whose
giant
fans
dried
the
rice.
The
Deniliquin
mill,
the
largest
rice
mill
in
the
Southern
Hemisphere
(南半球),
once
processed
enough
grain
to
meet
the
needs
of
20
million
people
globally.
But
six
years
of
drought
have
had
a
destructive
effect,
reducing
Australia’s
rice
crop
by
98
percent
and
leading
to
the
mothballing
of
the
mill
last
December.
Drought
affects
every
agriculture
industry
based
in
Australia,
not
just
rice
—
from
sheep
farming,
the
country’s
other
backbone,
to
the
cultivation
of
grapes
for
wine,
the
fastest-growing
crop
there,
with
that
expansion
often
coming
at
the
expense
of
rice.
The
drought’s
effect
on
rice
has
produced
the
greatest
impact
on
the
rest
of
the
world,
so
far.
It
is
one
factor
contributing
to
skyrocketing
prices,
and
many
scientists
believe
it
is
among
the
earliest
signs
that
a
warming
planet
is
starting
to
affect
food
production.
Researchers
are
looking
for
solutions
to
global
rice
shortages
—
for
example,
rice
that
blooms
earlier
in
the
day,
when
it
is
cooler,
to
fight
against
global
warming.
Rice
plants
that
happen
to
bloom
on
hot
days
are
less
likely
to
produce
grains
of
rice,
a
difficulty
that
is
already
starting
to
emerge
in
inland
areas
of
China
and
other
Asian
countries
as
temperatures
begin
to
climb.
“There
will
be
problems
very
soon
unless
we
have
new
varieties
of
rice
in
place,”
said
Reiner
Wassmann,
climate
change
director
at
the
International
Rice
Research
Institute
(IRRI).
The
recent
reports
on
climate
change
carried
a
warning
that
could
make
the
news
even
worse:
that
existing
models
for
the
effects
of
climate
change
on
agriculture
did
not
yet
include
newer
findings
that
global
warming
could
reduce
rainfall
and
make
it
more
variable.
Yet
the
effects
of
climate
change
are
not
uniformly
bad
for
rice.
Rising
concentrations
(浓度)
of
carbon
dioxide,
the
main
greenhouse
gas,
can
actually
help
rice
-
although
the
effect
reduces
or
disappears
if
the
plants
face
unnecessary
heat,
inadequate
water,
severe
pollution
or
other
stresses.
Still,
the
flexibility
of
farmers
here
has
persuaded
some
climate
experts
that,
particularly
in
developed
countries,
the
effects
of
climate
change
may
be
relieved,
if
not
completely
avoided.
“I’m
not
as
negative
as
most
people,”
said
Will
Steffen,
director
of
the
Fenner
School
of
Environment
and
Society
at
Australian
National
University.
“Farmers
are
learning
how
to
do
things
differently.”
Meanwhile,
changes
like
the
use
of
water
to
grow
wine
grapes
instead
of
rice
carry
their
own
costs,
as
the
developing
world
is
discovering.
“Rice
is
an
essential
food，”
said
Graeme
Haley,
the
general
manager
of
the
town
of
Deniliquin.
“Wine
is
not.”
62.
By
“the
mothballing
of
the
mill”
(in
Paragraph
1)
the
author
most
probably
means
the
mill
is
.
A.
kept
unprocessed
B.
left
unused
C.
being
entirely
restored
D.
being
pushed
round
63.
To
find
the
ways
to
cope
with
the
global
rice
shortage,
researchers
are
.
A.
seeking
new
types
of
rice
which
could
bloom
at
a
lower
temperature
B.
building
greenhouses
which
could
provide
more
heat
for
rice
to
grow
C.
studying
climate
changes
in
China
which
may
affect
rice
growing
in
Asia
D.
looking
for
alternative
agriculture
industries
which
may
take
the
place
of
rice
64.
Which
of
the
following
can
be
learned
from
the
passage?
A.
Rice
plants
are
fond
of
higher
temperature
in
the
process
of
growing.
B.
Global
warming
has
shown
few
signs
of
influence
on
agriculture.
C.
Rice
prices
are
rising
steadily
owing
to
the
crop
failure
in
Australia.
D.
Global
warming
may
contribute
to
more
complicated
weather
conditions.
65.
It
can
be
inferred
from
the
passage
that
.
A.
Australia
is
the
largest
rice
producing
country
around
the
world
B.
most
people
look
on
the
bright
side
of
the
flexibility
of
farmers
C.
climate
changes
have
simply
brought
negative
effects
to
people’s
lives
D.
wine
grape
cultivation
has
threatened
the
rice
production
in
Australia
66.
Which
of
the
following
best
serves
as
the
title
of
the
passage?
A.
Rice
shortage
and
wine
boom
B.
Drought,
the
enemy
of
rice
production
C.
Rice
crisis
and
its
solution
D.
Rice
issue,
a
focus
of
the
public
attention
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