备战2021年高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练
典型技巧14
短语含义的获取策略
【考情角度】
考情角度
记叙文中有时会在叙述的基础上，辅以适当的议论，以表明作者的观点态度和目的，结构上采取“以叙为主，兼顾议论”或“先叙后议”或“夹叙夹议”，阅读时应关注文章“起伏跌宕”的故事情节，从中悟道理。
考查角度
常考查细节理解题、词义猜测题和主旨大意题。
【真题再现】(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·B) 主题语境：公益事业与志愿服务
“You
can
use
me
as
a
last
resort
(选择),
and
if
nobody
else
volunteers,
then
I
will
do
it.”
This
was
an
actual
reply
from
a
parent
after
I
put
out
a
request
for
volunteers
for
my
kids'
lacrosse
(长曲棍球)
club.
I
guess
that
there's
probably
some
work
schedule,
or
social
anxiety
around
stepping
up
to
help
for
an
unknown
sport.
She
may
just
need
a
little
persuading.
So
I
try
again
and
tug_at_the_heartstrings.
I
mention
the
single
parent
with
four
kids
running
the
show
and
I
talk
about
the
dad
a
team
that
his
kids
aren't
even
on
...
At
this
point
the
unwilling
parent
speaks
up,
“Alright.
Yes,
I'll
do
it.”
I'm
secretly
relieved
because
I
know
there's
real
power
in
sharing
volunteer
responsibilities
among
many.
The
unwilling
parent
organizes
the
meal
schedule,
sends
out
emails,
and
collects
money
for
end?of?season
gifts.
Somewhere
along
the
way,
the
same
parent
ends
up
becoming
an
member
of
the
team.
The
coach
is
able
to
focus
on
the
kids
while
the
other
parents
are
to
for
another
season.
Handing
out
oranges
to
bloodthirsty
kids
can
be
as
exciting
as
watching
your
own
kid
score
a
goal.
Still,
most
of
us
volunteers
breathe
a
sigh
of
relief
when
the
season
.
That
relief
is
with
a
deep
understanding
of
why
the
same
people
keep
coming
back
for
more:
Connecting
to
the
community
(社区)
as
you
freely
give
your
time,
money,
skills,
or
services
provides
a
real
joy.
Volunteering
just
feels
so
good.
In
that
sense,
I'm
pretty
sure
volunteering
is
more
of
a
selfish
act
than
I'd
freely
like
to
admit.
However,
if
others
benefit
in
the
process,
and
I
get
some
reward
too,
does
it
really
matter
where
my
motivation
lies?
1.What
can
we
infer
about
the
parent
from
her
reply
in
paragraph
1?
A.
She
knows
little
about
the
club.
B.
She
isn't
good
at
sports.
C.
She
just
doesn't
want
to
volunteer.
D.
She's
unable
to
meet
her
schedule.
2.What
does
the
underlined
phrase
“tug
at
the
heartstrings”
in
paragraph
2
mean?
A.
Encourage
teamwork.
B.
Appeal
to
feelings.
C.
Promote
good
deeds.
D.
Provide
advice.
3.What
can
we
learn
about
the
parent
from
paragraph
3?
A.
She
gets
interested
in
lacrosse.
B.
She
is
proud
of
her
kids.
C.
She'll
work
for
another
season.
D.
She
becomes
a
good
helper.
4.Why
does
the
author
like
doing
volunteer
work?
A.
It
gives
her
a
sense
of
duty.
B.
It
makes
her
very
happy.
C.
It
enables
her
to
work
hard.
D.
It
brings
her
material
rewards.
答案与解析： 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.B
1.由第1段中的a
last
resort和第3段中的unwilling
parent可判断出正确答案。
2.heartstrings由heart和strings构成，可理解为“心弦”，结合画线短语前的persuading及下文作者所列举的感人事迹可知，作者想要打动家长，使其改变主意。
3.由“后扬”部分情节可知，家长做了许多，由此可判断出正确选项。
4.根据说理部分的“Volunteering
just
feels
so
good”可推断出答案。
【技巧释义】利用“构词法＋语境”猜测短语意义
1.先抑(第1段)
家长表达不情愿帮忙(可解第1题)
2.后扬(第2～3段)
第2段：利用事例打动家长接受志愿者工作(可解第2题)
第3段：原本不情愿的家长做了很多
3.说理(第4～5段)
①Volunteering
just
feels
so
good
(可解第4题)
②volunteering
is
more
of
a
selfish
act
【词汇积累】
slice
vt.把……切成薄片
relieved
adj.感到宽慰的；感到安心的
demanding
adj.要求高的
invaluable
adj.非常宝贵的
coach
vt.训练；辅导
couple
vt.与……结合
be
off
the
hook脱身
come
to
a
close结束
【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）
Should
we
allow
modern
buildings
to
be
built
next
to
older
buildings
in
a
historic
area
of
a
city?
In
order
to
answer
this
question,
we
must
first
examine
whether
people
really
want
to
preserve
the
historic
feel
of
an
area.
Not
all
historical
buildings
are
attractive.
However,
there
may
be
other
reasons—for
example,
economic
reasons—why
they
should
be
preserved.
So,
let's
assume
that
historical
buildings
are
both
attractive
and
important
to
the
majority
of
people.
What
should
we
do
then
if
a
new
building
is
needed?
In
my
view,
new
architectural
styles
can
exist
perfectly
well
alongside
an
older
style.
Indeed,
there
are
many
examples
in
my
own
home
town
of
Tours
where
modern
designs
have
been
placed
very
successfully
next
to
old
buildings.
As
long
as
the
building
in
question
is
pleasing
and
does
not
dominate（影响）its
surroundings
too
much,
it
often
improves
attractiveness
of
the
area.
It
is
true
that
there
are
examples
of
new
buildings
which
have
spoilt（破坏）the
area
they
are
in,
but
the
same
can
be
said
of
some
old
buildings
too.
Yet
people
still
speak
against
new
buildings
in
historic
areas.
I
think
this
is
simply
because
people
are
naturally
conservative
and
do
not
like
change.
Although
we
have
to
respect
people's
feelings
as
fellow
users
of
the
buildings,
I
believe
that
it
is
the
duty
of
the
architect
and
planner
to
move
things
forward.
If
we
always
reproduced
what
was
there
before,
we
would
all
still
be
living
in
caves.
Thus,
I
would
argue
against
copying
previous
architectural
styles
and
choose
something
fresh
and
different,
though
that
might
be
the
more
risky
choice.
1.What
does
the
author
say
about
historical
buildings
in
the
first
paragraph?
A.Some
of
them
are
not
attractive.
B.Most
of
them
are
too
expensive
to
preserve.
C.They
are
more
pleasing
than
modern
buildings.
D.They
have
nothing
to
do
with
the
historic
feel
of
an
area.
2.Which
of
the
following
is
true
according
to
the
author?
A.We
should
reproduce
the
same
old
buildings.
B.Buildings
should
no
dominate
their
surroundings.
C.Some
old
buildings
have
spoilt
the
area
they
are
in.
D.No
one
understands
why
people
speak
against
new
buildings.
3.By
"move
things
forward"
in
the
last
paragraph,
the
author
probably
means
"
"
A.destroy
old
buildings
B.put
things
in
a
difference
place
C.choose
new
architectural
styles
D.respect
people's
feeling
for
historical
buildings
4.What
is
the
main
purpose
of
the
passage?
A.To
explain
why
people
dislike
change
B.To
warn
that
we
could
end
up
living
in
caves.
C.To
admit
how
new
buildings
have
ruined
their
surroundings.
D.To
argue
that
modern
buildings
can
be
built
in
historic
areas.
【答案】1.A2.C3.C4.D
【分析】
本文为议论文。文章讨论了是否现代的建筑应该和古老的历史建筑在一起，在作者看来历史建筑应该保存，但是我们的建筑风格也应该改变，不能因为历史建筑破坏我们的生活。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段“Not
all
historical
buildings
are
attractive(并不是所有的历史建筑都有吸引力)”可知一些历史建筑不够有吸引力，故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段“It
is
true
that
there
are
examples
of
new
buildings
which
have
spoilt（破坏）the
area
they
are
in,
but
the
same
can
be
said
of
some
old
buildings
too(的确，一些新建筑破坏了它们所在的区域，但一些老建筑也同样如此)”可知，新建筑破坏了它们所在的区域，而古建筑也是这样，可知作者认为一些历史建筑将他们生活的地方破坏了，故选C。
3.词句猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“I
think
this
is
simply
because
people
are
naturally
conservative
and
do
not
like
change(我认为这很简单，因为人们天生保守，不喜欢改变).”可知，作者认为人们天生保守，不喜欢改变，根据第四段第二句“If
we
always
reproduced
what
was
there
before,
we
would
all
still
be
living
in
caves(如果我们总是重现以前的样子，我们都还会住在洞穴里)”可知，如果建筑师不改变建筑风格，我们现在还住在山洞里面，虽然我们必须尊重人们作为建筑使用者的感受，但建筑师和规划师要选择新的建筑风格，以推进事物的向前发展，选项C.
choose
new
architectural
styles(选择新的建筑风格)符合语境，故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句“Should
we
allow
modem
buildings
to
be
built
next
to
older
buildings
in
a
historic
area
of
a
city(我们是否应该让现代建筑建在城市历史地段的老建筑旁边)?”作者提出问题，并对此展开论证，再根据最后一段最后一句
“Thus,
I
would
argue
against
copying
previous
architectural
styles
and
choose
something
fresh
and
different,
though
that
might
be
the
more
risky
choice(因此，我反对复制以前的架构风格，而选择一些新颖和不同的风格，尽管这可能是更危险的选择).”
可知作者得出结论，认为现代建筑可以建在历史区域。故选D。
2
A
new
study
has
shown
how
computers
and
robots
powered
by
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
can
read
human
eye
movements
to
“read”
human
personalities.
The
eyes
are
the
windows
to
the
soul.
And
if
so,
computers
and
robots
powered
by
complex
artificial
intelligence
algorithms
(算法)
may
soon
have
the
ability
to
peer
into
your
soul.
That
is
the
result
of
a
new
study
on
the
connection
between
eye
movements
and
personality,
conducted
by
neuroscience
researchers.
“Eye
movements
during
an
everyday
task
predict
aspects
of
our
personality,”
wrote
the
researchers,
led
by
University
of
South
Australia
neuroscientist
Tobias
Loetscher,
whose
team
follows
42
study
subjects
recording
their
eye
movements,
then
determines
their
personality
characteristics.
The
researchers
fed
the
data
into
their
AI
algorithms
and
found
that
computers
running
the
algorithms
were
able
to
record
human
eye
movements
and
immediately
determine
a
person’s
major
personality
characteristics
,
such
as
“neuroticism,
extraversion
(外向),
agreeableness,
conscientiousness,
as
well
as
perceptual
(感知的)
curiosity”,
the
scientists
wrote.
“The
new
findings
could
improve
the
way
human
beings
interact
with
their
computers
and
other
high-tech
devices,
even
robots,
allowing
for
more
natural
and
realistic
social
interactions
with
machines,”
Loetscher
said.
“People
are
always
looking
for
improved,
personalized
services.
Today’s
robots
and
computers
are
not
socially
aware,
so
they
cannot
adjust
to
non-verbal
information,”
Loetscher
said
in
a
statement
quoted
by
Indian
Express.
“This
research
provides
opportunities
to
develop
robots
and
computers
so
that
they
can
become
more
natural,
and
better
at
interpreting
human
social
signals.”
The
study
revealed
previously
undiscovered
relations
between
specific
personality
characteristics
and
specific
eye
movement
tendencies,
according
to
a
summary
in
Britain’s
Daily
Mail
newspaper.
5.What
do
the
underlined
words
“peer
into”
in
Paragraph
2
probably
mean?
A.Search
for.
B.Concern
about.
C.Stare
at.
D.Understand.
6.How
did
the
researchers
conduct
the
research?
A.It
was
carried
out
in
a
lab.
B.42
subjects’
eye
movements
were
recorded.
C.The
students’
daily
movements
were
tracked.
D.Its
subjects’
personalities
were
determined
by
computer.
7.What
does
Tobias
Loetscher
mean
in
paragraph
6?
A.Robots
and
computers
are
socially
conscious.
B.People
care
less
about
improved,
personalized
services.
C.Today’s
robots
and
computers
can
accustom
themselves
to
non-verbal
information.
D.The
discovery
will
improve
the
interaction
between
human
beings
and
robots.
8.Which
of
the
following
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A.Tell
Personalities
by
Eye
Movements
B.What
Human
Eye
Movements
Are
C.Human
Personality
Characteristics
D.How
Humans
and
Machines
Interact
【答案】5.D6.B7.D8.A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，由人工智能驱动的计算机和机器人可以通过阅读人类的眼球运动来“解读”人类的性格。
5.词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“The
eyes,
they
say,
are
the
windows
to
the
soul.
(人们说眼睛是心灵的窗户)”可知，划线词组所在句的句意为“如果这是真的，由复杂的人工智能算法驱动的计算机和机器人可能很快就能探究你的灵魂。”划线词组peer
into与understand意思相近。故选D项。
6.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“whose
team
follows
42
study
subjects
around
the
university
campus
recording
their
eye
movements,
then
determines
their
personality
traits
(特点)?with
“well-established
questionnaires”
for
determining
personality
type(该研究小组在大学校园内对42名研究对象进行了观察，记录他们的眼球运动，然后用“成熟的调查问卷”来确定他们的性格特征)”可知，研究人员通过记录42名研究对象的眼球运动来进行这项研究的。故选B项。
7.细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The
new
findings
could
improve
the
way
human
beings
interact
with
their
computers
and
other
high-tech
devices,
even
robots,
allowing
for
more
natural
and
realistic
social
interactions
with
machines.
(这项新发现可能会改善人类与电脑和其他高科技设备，甚至是机器人的互动方式，从而使人类与机器进行更自然、更现实的社会互动成为可能)”可知，这一发现将改善人类和机器之间的互动。故选D项。
8.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现——由人工智能驱动的计算机和机器人可以通过阅读人类的眼球运动来“解读”人类的性格。因此，A项“通过眼睛的运动来判断一个人的性格”适合做本文标题。故选A项。
3
The
three
phases
of
life
are
increasingly
a
thing
of
the
past.
Where
once
working
lives
fitted
neatly
into
the
model
of
education,
employment
and
then
retirement,
the
simplicity
of
that
division
is
being
challenged
by
changing
standards
of
the
workforce.
Increasing
numbers
of
workers,
nearing
their
long-imagined
transition(过渡)into
retirement,
seem
to
be
actively
putting
off
the
moment
at
which
they
down
tools.
Newly
released
figures
from
the
Office
for
National
Statistics(ONS)have
shown
that
there
are
over
a
million
more
over
50s
in
part-time
work
than
a
decade
ago.And
with
nine
out
of
10
employers
reporting
difficulties
hiring
workers,there’s
likely
to
be
a
growing
market
for
their
talents
as
bosses
extend
their
searches
to
older
people,including
those
who
are
willing
to
take
on
part-time
responsibilities.
The
ending
of
the
three
phases
of
working
life
isn’t
simply
down
to
people
living
longer
or
financial
necessity-though
those
are
certainly
important
factors-but
also
to
an
increasing
desire
to
maintain
a
purposeful
life.
One
survey
of
British
retirees
over
50
found
that
85
per
cent
of
them
felt
they’d
retired
too
young—stopping
working
had
left
a
void
that
they
regretted
afterwards.
The
2015
film
The
Intern
conveyed
this
human
need
to
have
value.
In
it,
Robert
De
Niro
plays
a
70-year-old
widower
who
finds
himself
a
fish
out
of
water
when
he
joins
a
trendy
internet
start-up.In
the
end,
not
only
does
he
find
the
sense
of
belonging
that
he
desires
but
his
colleagues
come
to
rely
on
his
experience
and
different
perspective.It’s
a
plot
we
can
increasingly
expect
to
happen
in
real-life
offices
over
the
decades
to
come
as
people
live
ever
longer.
Already,
we
are
seeing
people
in
their
50s
and
60s
looking
ahead
to
a
retirement
lasting
30
years,
choosing
instead
to
build
second
careers
that
they
can
maintain
into
their
70s
or
beyond.
Freed
from
the
financial
burden
of
young
children,
they
can
prioritize
flexibility,
shorter
working
hours
or
more
rewarding
jobs
in
areas
such
as
charity
work
or
teaching.
Many
do
it
for
no
money
at
all,
volunteering
behind
the
till
in
charity
shops
or
showing
people
round
National
Trust
properties.
However,
it’s
the
next
generation
where
the
effect
of
living
longer
will
really
be
felt,
and
the
financial
necessity
will
start
to
bite.
In
the
West,
more
than
half
of
the
children
born
in
2016
have
a
life
expectancy
of
more
than
100
years.
In
their
book,
The
100-Year
Life,
London
Business
School
professors
Lynda
Gratton
and
Andrew
Scott
suggest
that
acquiring
sufficient
funds
to
see
oneself
through
a
40-or
50-year
retirement
will
likely
be
beyond
all
but
the
highest
earners.
Then
there’s
the
oft-repeated
claim
that
young
people
today
are
the
first
generation
to
be
poorer
than
their
parents.
Certainly
property
prices
are
changing
the
way
they
plan
for
the
future.
In
the
mid-Nineties,
the
average
home
cost
less
than
three
times
the
average
wage;
last
year,
ONS
stats
placed
that
ratio
at
eight
times
wages.
The
overall
effect
of
these
trends
is
that
young
people
recognize
that
they
will
likely
have
to
postpone
dreams
of
retirement
and
instead
strap
on(绑住)more
debt
spread
over
longer
spans.
It’s
why
44
per
cent
of
under
30s
say
they
expect
to
be
working
well
into
their
70s
and
why
data
this
year
from
the
Bank
of
England
show
that
16
per
cent
of
UK
mortgages(按揭贷款)now
have
terms
of
35
years
or
more-a
figure
that
has
tripled
in
the
past
decade.
All
of
these
factors
look
set
to
contribute
to
a
workforce
that
has
a
significantly
wider
range
of
ages
in
the
future.
In
an
era
of
work
when
we’ve
all
learned
to
be
more
inclusive,
only
eight
per
cent
of
firms
with
a
diversity
programme
have
adapted
it
to
go
beyond
gender,
race
and
sexuality
and
into
age.
Incorporating
older
employees
into
the
workforce
is
set
to
be
the
next
big
thing
at
the
office.
If
Robert
De
Niro
has
anything
to
teach
us,
it’s
that
this
can
be
an
enormous
force
permanently
for
both
employees
and
businesses.
9.What
do
the
underlined
words
“is
down
to”
in
Paragraph
3
mean?
A.is
caused
by
B.results
in
C.is
responsible
for
D.gives
birth
to
10.What
trend
will
the
next
generation
face?
A.They
can
live
within
their
means.
B.Their
life
expectancy
will
be
longer.
C.They
will
be
richer
than
their
parents.
D.They
will
fail
to
pay
off
their
mortgage.
11.The
author
introduces
the
details
of
the
film
The
Intern
in
order
to_____.
A.tell
us
Robert
De
Niro
is
a
helpful
retiree
B.indicate
that
retirees
can
also
benefit
society
C.share
Robert
De
Niro’s
second
career
with
us
D.illustrate
that
retirees
desire
to
live
meaningfully
12.What
does
the
passage
mainly
talk
about?
A.The
new
standards
of
the
workplace.
B.Age
being
no
hurdle
in
the
modern
world
of
work.
C.Financial
issues
facing
both
old
people
and
young
people.
D.Different
attitudes
to
retirement
between
the
young
and
old.
【答案】9.A10.B11.D12.B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。曾经的人生的三个阶段：教育、就业、退休正在受到变化的劳动力标准的挑战。文章介绍了在现代职场中，年龄不再是障碍。
9.词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“One
survey
of
British
retirees
over
50
found
that
85
per
cent
of
them
felt
they’d
retired
too
young—stopping
working
had
left
a
void
that
they
regretted
afterwards.”可知，一项针对50岁以上英国退休人员的调查发现，85%的人觉得他们退休的时候太年轻——停止工作让他们有一种空虚感，他们后悔退休，这说明工作生涯三个阶段的结束还因为人们越来越渴望继续过一种有意义的生活，因此此处是说这三个阶段的结束不仅是因为人们寿命的增加或经济上的需要，由此可知画线词词义为“因为，由……引起”，故A项正确。
10.细节理解题。根据第六段中的“However,
it’s
the
next
generation
where
the
effect
of
living
longer
will
really
be
felt,
and
the
financial
necessity
will
start
to
bite.
In
the
West,
more
than
half
of
the
children
born
in
2016
have
a
life
expectancy
of
more
than
100
years.”可知，然而，真正感受到长寿的影响的是下一代，经济上的必要性将开始显现，在西方，2016年出生的儿童中，超过一半的预期寿命超过了100岁，由此可知，下一代的预期寿命更长，故B项正确。
11.推理判断题。根据第三段“The
ending
of
the
three
phases
of
working
life
isn’t
simply
down
to
people
living
longer
or
financial
necessity-though
those
are
certainly
important
factors-but
also
to
an
increasing
desire
to
maintain
a
purposeful
life.
”（职业生涯的三个阶段的终结，并不仅仅是因为寿命延长或经济需求，尽管这些因素肯定很重要，还因为维持有目标生活的愿望日益强烈）以及第四段中的“The
2015
film
The
Intern
conveyed
this
human
need
to
have
value.
In
it,
Robert
De
Niro
plays
a
70-year-old
widower
who
finds
himself
a
fish
out
of
water
when
he
joins
a
trendy
internet
start-up.
In
the
end,
not
only
does
he
find
the
sense
of
belonging
that
he
desires
but
his
colleagues
come
to
rely
on
his
experience
and
different
perspective.”（2015年的电影《实习生》就表达了这类人对价值的需求，在这部电影中，罗伯特·德尼罗扮演一位70岁的鳏夫，当他加入一家时髦的互联网初创公司时，发现自己就像离开了水的鱼一样，最终，他不仅找到了自己渴望的归属感，他的同事们也开始学习他的经验和看待问题的角度）可知，第四段中作者介绍了电影《实习生》的细节是为了说明退休人员渴望过有意义的生活，故D项正确。
12.主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“The
three
phases
of
life
are
increasingly
a
thing
of
the
past.”可知，工作生涯的三个阶段（接受技能教育、就业和退休）正逐渐成为过去，越来越多到了退休年龄的人还在工作，由此可知，本文主要介绍的是在现代职场中，年龄不再是障碍，故B项正确。
4
Several
years
ago,
Chris
Williams
was
driving
home
on
a
Wednesday
night
in
Conroe,
Texas,
just
like
he
always
did.
“It
was
dark
and
raining
hard,
and
I
could
barely
make
out
two
people
walking
on
the
road,”
he
recalled.
Born
and
raised
in
Louisiana,
Williams
often
watched
his
father
go
out
of
his
way
to
help
people
in
trouble.
So
he
did
something
his
dad
would
have
done.
He
asked
the
two
women
if
they
needed
a
ride.
They
jumped
in,
and
Williams
learned
why
they
were
walking.
Their
truck
had
been
in
the
repair
shop
for
nearly
three
months.
“I
asked
the
woman
who
owned
the
truck
why
it
was
in
the
shop
so
long,
and
the
woman
hung
her
head
and
told
me,
‘I
can’t
afford
to
fix
it,’”
Williams
continued.
Williams
had
always
dreamed
of
opening
his
own
auto
repair
garage
that
would
help
women
in
need.
“Right
then
and
there,
I
decided
I
needed
to
figure
out
a
way
to
get
my
dream
of
opening
a
free
garage
off
the
ground,”
he
said.
As
a
father
of
two
girls,
Williams
had
a
calling
to
help
single
moms,
widows
and
military
wives.
Williams
borrowed
money
and
asked
people
he
knew
for
donations
to
start
his
new
career,
and
several
months
later,
he
opened
The
Garage,
a
nonprofit
that
repairs
vehicles
for
women
in
need-at
no
cost.
The
organization
gives
renewed
vehicles
away,
too.
Williams
understood
the
economic
difficulty
being
carless
can
cause,
and
how
his
nonprofit
could
help.
“Car
repairs
can
be
expensive,
and
where
I
live,
it’s
very
rural.”
Williams
explained.
“So
if
you
don’t
have
a
car,
you
can’t
get
a
job.
And
if
you
don’t
have
a
job,
you
can’t
buy
a
car.
It’s
a
cruel
dilemma.”
The
Garage
ended
that
dilemma
for
a
whole
lot
of
women
in
the
surrounding
community
last
year.
The
nonprofit
gave
away
146
vehicles
and
repaired
127.
One
of
those
recipients
was
Jeanne
McGowan.
“Several
years
ago,
I
became
ill
and
could
not
maintain
my
job
and
I
lost
my
car
because
I
could
not
work,”
she
told
a
local
TV
reporter.
“I’m
thrilled
to
be
a
receiver
of
one
of
their
cars.”
13.Why
did
Williams
give
the
two
women
a
lift?
A.He
was
asked
to
lend
a
hand.
B.He
was
doing
some
voluntary
work.
C.He
wanted
to
follow
his
father’s
footsteps.
D.He
was
going
to
the
same
destination
as
theirs.
14.What
do
the
underlined
words
“off
the
ground”
in
Paragraph
3
probably
mean?
A.At
a
loss.
B.In
progress.
C.Out
of
sight.
D.Beyond
reach.
15.What
do
we
know
about
The
Garage?
A.It
was
set
up
by
Williams
for
his
daughters.
B.It
has
donated
127
vehicles
to
those
in
need.
C.It
helps
poor
women
repair
their
vehicles
for
free.
D.It
has
won
financial
support
from
the
government.
16.What
did
McGowan
mean
by
her
words?
A.She
expected
local
TV
to
do
her
a
favor.
B.She
was
seriously
ill
after
losing
her
job.
C.She
was
excited
to
have
a
car
from
The
Garage.
D.She
determined
to
donate
her
old
car
to
the
poor.
【答案】13.C14.B15.C16.C
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Chris
Williams开设了一个非营利组织，为有需要的女性免费修理汽车，该组织还赠送了更新的车辆。
13.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Born
and
raised
in
Louisiana,
Williams
often
watched
his
father
go
out
of
his
way
to
help
people
in
trouble.
So
he
did
something
his
dad
would
have
done.(出生和长大在路易斯安那州，威廉姆斯经常看到他的父亲去帮助有困难的人。于是他做了一件他父亲会做的事)”可知，Williams想追随父亲的脚步去帮助有困难的人。故选C。
14.词义猜测题。根据文章第三段及下文的内容得知Williams的梦想是开一家免费的汽车修理厂，并且他的梦想实现了，所以猜测off
the
ground是“开始，起步”的意思，故与“in
progress”意思相近。故选B。
15.细节理解题。根据文中第四段“Williams
borrowed
money
and
asked
people
he
knew
for
donations
to
start
his
new
career,
and
several
months
later,
he
opened
The
Garage,
a
nonprofit
that
repairs
vehicles
for
women
in
need-at
no
cost.(Williams借了钱，向他认识的人寻求捐款，以开始他的新事业。几个月后，他开设了The
Garage，这是一个非营利组织，为有需要的女性修理汽车，而且没有任何费用)”可知，Williams开设
The
Garage是为了帮助贫困妇女免费修车。故选C。
16.细节理解题。根据文中最后一段“I
am
thrilled
to
be
a
receiver
of
one
of
their
cars.(能成为他们的一辆车的接受者，我感到非常激动)”可知，McGowan能从The
Garage那里得到一辆车感到很激动。故选C。备战2021年高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练
典型技巧14
短语含义的获取策略
【考情角度】
考情角度
记叙文中有时会在叙述的基础上，辅以适当的议论，以表明作者的观点态度和目的，结构上采取“以叙为主，兼顾议论”或“先叙后议”或“夹叙夹议”，阅读时应关注文章“起伏跌宕”的故事情节，从中悟道理。
考查角度
常考查细节理解题、词义猜测题和主旨大意题。
【真题再现】(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·B) 主题语境：公益事业与志愿服务
“You
can
use
me
as
a
last
resort
(选择),
and
if
nobody
else
volunteers,
then
I
will
do
it.”
This
was
an
actual
reply
from
a
parent
after
I
put
out
a
request
for
volunteers
for
my
kids'
lacrosse
(长曲棍球)
club.
I
guess
that
there's
probably
some
work
schedule,
or
social
anxiety
around
stepping
up
to
help
for
an
unknown
sport.
She
may
just
need
a
little
persuading.
So
I
try
again
and
tug_at_the_heartstrings.
I
mention
the
single
parent
with
four
kids
running
the
show
and
I
talk
about
the
dad
a
team
that
his
kids
aren't
even
on
...
At
this
point
the
unwilling
parent
speaks
up,
“Alright.
Yes,
I'll
do
it.”
I'm
secretly
relieved
because
I
know
there's
real
power
in
sharing
volunteer
responsibilities
among
many.
The
unwilling
parent
organizes
the
meal
schedule,
sends
out
emails,
and
collects
money
for
end?of?season
gifts.
Somewhere
along
the
way,
the
same
parent
ends
up
becoming
an
member
of
the
team.
The
coach
is
able
to
focus
on
the
kids
while
the
other
parents
are
to
for
another
season.
Handing
out
oranges
to
bloodthirsty
kids
can
be
as
exciting
as
watching
your
own
kid
score
a
goal.
Still,
most
of
us
volunteers
breathe
a
sigh
of
relief
when
the
season
.
That
relief
is
with
a
deep
understanding
of
why
the
same
people
keep
coming
back
for
more:
Connecting
to
the
community
(社区)
as
you
freely
give
your
time,
money,
skills,
or
services
provides
a
real
joy.
Volunteering
just
feels
so
good.
In
that
sense,
I'm
pretty
sure
volunteering
is
more
of
a
selfish
act
than
I'd
freely
like
to
admit.
However,
if
others
benefit
in
the
process,
and
I
get
some
reward
too,
does
it
really
matter
where
my
motivation
lies?
1.What
can
we
infer
about
the
parent
from
her
reply
in
paragraph
1?
A.
She
knows
little
about
the
club.
B.
She
isn't
good
at
sports.
C.
She
just
doesn't
want
to
volunteer.
D.
She's
unable
to
meet
her
schedule.
2.What
does
the
underlined
phrase
“tug
at
the
heartstrings”
in
paragraph
2
mean?
A.
Encourage
teamwork.
B.
Appeal
to
feelings.
C.
Promote
good
deeds.
D.
Provide
advice.
3.What
can
we
learn
about
the
parent
from
paragraph
3?
A.
She
gets
interested
in
lacrosse.
B.
She
is
proud
of
her
kids.
C.
She'll
work
for
another
season.
D.
She
becomes
a
good
helper.
4.Why
does
the
author
like
doing
volunteer
work?
A.
It
gives
her
a
sense
of
duty.
B.
It
makes
her
very
happy.
C.
It
enables
her
to
work
hard.
D.
It
brings
her
material
rewards.
答案与解析： 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.B
1.由第1段中的a
last
resort和第3段中的unwilling
parent可判断出正确答案。
2.heartstrings由heart和strings构成，可理解为“心弦”，结合画线短语前的persuading及下文作者所列举的感人事迹可知，作者想要打动家长，使其改变主意。
3.由“后扬”部分情节可知，家长做了许多，由此可判断出正确选项。
4.根据说理部分的“Volunteering
just
feels
so
good”可推断出答案。
【技巧释义】利用“构词法＋语境”猜测短语意义
1.先抑(第1段)
家长表达不情愿帮忙(可解第1题)
2.后扬(第2～3段)
第2段：利用事例打动家长接受志愿者工作(可解第2题)
第3段：原本不情愿的家长做了很多
3.说理(第4～5段)
①Volunteering
just
feels
so
good
(可解第4题)
②volunteering
is
more
of
a
selfish
act
【词汇积累】
slice
vt.把……切成薄片
relieved
adj.感到宽慰的；感到安心的
demanding
adj.要求高的
invaluable
adj.非常宝贵的
coach
vt.训练；辅导
couple
vt.与……结合
be
off
the
hook脱身
come
to
a
close结束
【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）
Should
we
allow
modern
buildings
to
be
built
next
to
older
buildings
in
a
historic
area
of
a
city?
In
order
to
answer
this
question,
we
must
first
examine
whether
people
really
want
to
preserve
the
historic
feel
of
an
area.
Not
all
historical
buildings
are
attractive.
However,
there
may
be
other
reasons—for
example,
economic
reasons—why
they
should
be
preserved.
So,
let's
assume
that
historical
buildings
are
both
attractive
and
important
to
the
majority
of
people.
What
should
we
do
then
if
a
new
building
is
needed?
In
my
view,
new
architectural
styles
can
exist
perfectly
well
alongside
an
older
style.
Indeed,
there
are
many
examples
in
my
own
home
town
of
Tours
where
modern
designs
have
been
placed
very
successfully
next
to
old
buildings.
As
long
as
the
building
in
question
is
pleasing
and
does
not
dominate（影响）its
surroundings
too
much,
it
often
improves
attractiveness
of
the
area.
It
is
true
that
there
are
examples
of
new
buildings
which
have
spoilt（破坏）the
area
they
are
in,
but
the
same
can
be
said
of
some
old
buildings
too.
Yet
people
still
speak
against
new
buildings
in
historic
areas.
I
think
this
is
simply
because
people
are
naturally
conservative
and
do
not
like
change.
Although
we
have
to
respect
people's
feelings
as
fellow
users
of
the
buildings,
I
believe
that
it
is
the
duty
of
the
architect
and
planner
to
move
things
forward.
If
we
always
reproduced
what
was
there
before,
we
would
all
still
be
living
in
caves.
Thus,
I
would
argue
against
copying
previous
architectural
styles
and
choose
something
fresh
and
different,
though
that
might
be
the
more
risky
choice.
1.What
does
the
author
say
about
historical
buildings
in
the
first
paragraph?
A.Some
of
them
are
not
attractive.
B.Most
of
them
are
too
expensive
to
preserve.
C.They
are
more
pleasing
than
modern
buildings.
D.They
have
nothing
to
do
with
the
historic
feel
of
an
area.
2.Which
of
the
following
is
true
according
to
the
author?
A.We
should
reproduce
the
same
old
buildings.
B.Buildings
should
no
dominate
their
surroundings.
C.Some
old
buildings
have
spoilt
the
area
they
are
in.
D.No
one
understands
why
people
speak
against
new
buildings.
3.By
"move
things
forward"
in
the
last
paragraph,
the
author
probably
means
"
"
A.destroy
old
buildings
B.put
things
in
a
difference
place
C.choose
new
architectural
styles
D.respect
people's
feeling
for
historical
buildings
4.What
is
the
main
purpose
of
the
passage?
A.To
explain
why
people
dislike
change
B.To
warn
that
we
could
end
up
living
in
caves.
C.To
admit
how
new
buildings
have
ruined
their
surroundings.
D.To
argue
that
modern
buildings
can
be
built
in
historic
areas.
2
A
new
study
has
shown
how
computers
and
robots
powered
by
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
can
read
human
eye
movements
to
“read”
human
personalities.
The
eyes
are
the
windows
to
the
soul.
And
if
so,
computers
and
robots
powered
by
complex
artificial
intelligence
algorithms
(算法)
may
soon
have
the
ability
to
peer
into
your
soul.
That
is
the
result
of
a
new
study
on
the
connection
between
eye
movements
and
personality,
conducted
by
neuroscience
researchers.
“Eye
movements
during
an
everyday
task
predict
aspects
of
our
personality,”
wrote
the
researchers,
led
by
University
of
South
Australia
neuroscientist
Tobias
Loetscher,
whose
team
follows
42
study
subjects
recording
their
eye
movements,
then
determines
their
personality
characteristics.
The
researchers
fed
the
data
into
their
AI
algorithms
and
found
that
computers
running
the
algorithms
were
able
to
record
human
eye
movements
and
immediately
determine
a
person’s
major
personality
characteristics
,
such
as
“neuroticism,
extraversion
(外向),
agreeableness,
conscientiousness,
as
well
as
perceptual
(感知的)
curiosity”,
the
scientists
wrote.
“The
new
findings
could
improve
the
way
human
beings
interact
with
their
computers
and
other
high-tech
devices,
even
robots,
allowing
for
more
natural
and
realistic
social
interactions
with
machines,”
Loetscher
said.
“People
are
always
looking
for
improved,
personalized
services.
Today’s
robots
and
computers
are
not
socially
aware,
so
they
cannot
adjust
to
non-verbal
information,”
Loetscher
said
in
a
statement
quoted
by
Indian
Express.
“This
research
provides
opportunities
to
develop
robots
and
computers
so
that
they
can
become
more
natural,
and
better
at
interpreting
human
social
signals.”
The
study
revealed
previously
undiscovered
relations
between
specific
personality
characteristics
and
specific
eye
movement
tendencies,
according
to
a
summary
in
Britain’s
Daily
Mail
newspaper.
5.What
do
the
underlined
words
“peer
into”
in
Paragraph
2
probably
mean?
A.Search
for.
B.Concern
about.
C.Stare
at.
D.Understand.
6.How
did
the
researchers
conduct
the
research?
A.It
was
carried
out
in
a
lab.
B.42
subjects’
eye
movements
were
recorded.
C.The
students’
daily
movements
were
tracked.
D.Its
subjects’
personalities
were
determined
by
computer.
7.What
does
Tobias
Loetscher
mean
in
paragraph
6?
A.Robots
and
computers
are
socially
conscious.
B.People
care
less
about
improved,
personalized
services.
C.Today’s
robots
and
computers
can
accustom
themselves
to
non-verbal
information.
D.The
discovery
will
improve
the
interaction
between
human
beings
and
robots.
8.Which
of
the
following
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A.Tell
Personalities
by
Eye
Movements
B.What
Human
Eye
Movements
Are
C.Human
Personality
Characteristics
D.How
Humans
and
Machines
Interact
3
The
three
phases
of
life
are
increasingly
a
thing
of
the
past.
Where
once
working
lives
fitted
neatly
into
the
model
of
education,
employment
and
then
retirement,
the
simplicity
of
that
division
is
being
challenged
by
changing
standards
of
the
workforce.
Increasing
numbers
of
workers,
nearing
their
long-imagined
transition(过渡)into
retirement,
seem
to
be
actively
putting
off
the
moment
at
which
they
down
tools.
Newly
released
figures
from
the
Office
for
National
Statistics(ONS)have
shown
that
there
are
over
a
million
more
over
50s
in
part-time
work
than
a
decade
ago.And
with
nine
out
of
10
employers
reporting
difficulties
hiring
workers,there’s
likely
to
be
a
growing
market
for
their
talents
as
bosses
extend
their
searches
to
older
people,including
those
who
are
willing
to
take
on
part-time
responsibilities.
The
ending
of
the
three
phases
of
working
life
isn’t
simply
down
to
people
living
longer
or
financial
necessity-though
those
are
certainly
important
factors-but
also
to
an
increasing
desire
to
maintain
a
purposeful
life.
One
survey
of
British
retirees
over
50
found
that
85
per
cent
of
them
felt
they’d
retired
too
young—stopping
working
had
left
a
void
that
they
regretted
afterwards.
The
2015
film
The
Intern
conveyed
this
human
need
to
have
value.
In
it,
Robert
De
Niro
plays
a
70-year-old
widower
who
finds
himself
a
fish
out
of
water
when
he
joins
a
trendy
internet
start-up.In
the
end,
not
only
does
he
find
the
sense
of
belonging
that
he
desires
but
his
colleagues
come
to
rely
on
his
experience
and
different
perspective.It’s
a
plot
we
can
increasingly
expect
to
happen
in
real-life
offices
over
the
decades
to
come
as
people
live
ever
longer.
Already,
we
are
seeing
people
in
their
50s
and
60s
looking
ahead
to
a
retirement
lasting
30
years,
choosing
instead
to
build
second
careers
that
they
can
maintain
into
their
70s
or
beyond.
Freed
from
the
financial
burden
of
young
children,
they
can
prioritize
flexibility,
shorter
working
hours
or
more
rewarding
jobs
in
areas
such
as
charity
work
or
teaching.
Many
do
it
for
no
money
at
all,
volunteering
behind
the
till
in
charity
shops
or
showing
people
round
National
Trust
properties.
However,
it’s
the
next
generation
where
the
effect
of
living
longer
will
really
be
felt,
and
the
financial
necessity
will
start
to
bite.
In
the
West,
more
than
half
of
the
children
born
in
2016
have
a
life
expectancy
of
more
than
100
years.
In
their
book,
The
100-Year
Life,
London
Business
School
professors
Lynda
Gratton
and
Andrew
Scott
suggest
that
acquiring
sufficient
funds
to
see
oneself
through
a
40-or
50-year
retirement
will
likely
be
beyond
all
but
the
highest
earners.
Then
there’s
the
oft-repeated
claim
that
young
people
today
are
the
first
generation
to
be
poorer
than
their
parents.
Certainly
property
prices
are
changing
the
way
they
plan
for
the
future.
In
the
mid-Nineties,
the
average
home
cost
less
than
three
times
the
average
wage;
last
year,
ONS
stats
placed
that
ratio
at
eight
times
wages.
The
overall
effect
of
these
trends
is
that
young
people
recognize
that
they
will
likely
have
to
postpone
dreams
of
retirement
and
instead
strap
on(绑住)more
debt
spread
over
longer
spans.
It’s
why
44
per
cent
of
under
30s
say
they
expect
to
be
working
well
into
their
70s
and
why
data
this
year
from
the
Bank
of
England
show
that
16
per
cent
of
UK
mortgages(按揭贷款)now
have
terms
of
35
years
or
more-a
figure
that
has
tripled
in
the
past
decade.
All
of
these
factors
look
set
to
contribute
to
a
workforce
that
has
a
significantly
wider
range
of
ages
in
the
future.
In
an
era
of
work
when
we’ve
all
learned
to
be
more
inclusive,
only
eight
per
cent
of
firms
with
a
diversity
programme
have
adapted
it
to
go
beyond
gender,
race
and
sexuality
and
into
age.
Incorporating
older
employees
into
the
workforce
is
set
to
be
the
next
big
thing
at
the
office.
If
Robert
De
Niro
has
anything
to
teach
us,
it’s
that
this
can
be
an
enormous
force
permanently
for
both
employees
and
businesses.
9.What
do
the
underlined
words
“is
down
to”
in
Paragraph
3
mean?
A.is
caused
by
B.results
in
C.is
responsible
for
D.gives
birth
to
10.What
trend
will
the
next
generation
face?
A.They
can
live
within
their
means.
B.Their
life
expectancy
will
be
longer.
C.They
will
be
richer
than
their
parents.
D.They
will
fail
to
pay
off
their
mortgage.
11.The
author
introduces
the
details
of
the
film
The
Intern
in
order
to_____.
A.tell
us
Robert
De
Niro
is
a
helpful
retiree
B.indicate
that
retirees
can
also
benefit
society
C.share
Robert
De
Niro’s
second
career
with
us
D.illustrate
that
retirees
desire
to
live
meaningfully
12.What
does
the
passage
mainly
talk
about?
A.The
new
standards
of
the
workplace.
B.Age
being
no
hurdle
in
the
modern
world
of
work.
C.Financial
issues
facing
both
old
people
and
young
people.
D.Different
attitudes
to
retirement
between
the
young
and
old.
4
Several
years
ago,
Chris
Williams
was
driving
home
on
a
Wednesday
night
in
Conroe,
Texas,
just
like
he
always
did.
“It
was
dark
and
raining
hard,
and
I
could
barely
make
out
two
people
walking
on
the
road,”
he
recalled.
Born
and
raised
in
Louisiana,
Williams
often
watched
his
father
go
out
of
his
way
to
help
people
in
trouble.
So
he
did
something
his
dad
would
have
done.
He
asked
the
two
women
if
they
needed
a
ride.
They
jumped
in,
and
Williams
learned
why
they
were
walking.
Their
truck
had
been
in
the
repair
shop
for
nearly
three
months.
“I
asked
the
woman
who
owned
the
truck
why
it
was
in
the
shop
so
long,
and
the
woman
hung
her
head
and
told
me,
‘I
can’t
afford
to
fix
it,’”
Williams
continued.
Williams
had
always
dreamed
of
opening
his
own
auto
repair
garage
that
would
help
women
in
need.
“Right
then
and
there,
I
decided
I
needed
to
figure
out
a
way
to
get
my
dream
of
opening
a
free
garage
off
the
ground,”
he
said.
As
a
father
of
two
girls,
Williams
had
a
calling
to
help
single
moms,
widows
and
military
wives.
Williams
borrowed
money
and
asked
people
he
knew
for
donations
to
start
his
new
career,
and
several
months
later,
he
opened
The
Garage,
a
nonprofit
that
repairs
vehicles
for
women
in
need-at
no
cost.
The
organization
gives
renewed
vehicles
away,
too.
Williams
understood
the
economic
difficulty
being
carless
can
cause,
and
how
his
nonprofit
could
help.
“Car
repairs
can
be
expensive,
and
where
I
live,
it’s
very
rural.”
Williams
explained.
“So
if
you
don’t
have
a
car,
you
can’t
get
a
job.
And
if
you
don’t
have
a
job,
you
can’t
buy
a
car.
It’s
a
cruel
dilemma.”
The
Garage
ended
that
dilemma
for
a
whole
lot
of
women
in
the
surrounding
community
last
year.
The
nonprofit
gave
away
146
vehicles
and
repaired
127.
One
of
those
recipients
was
Jeanne
McGowan.
“Several
years
ago,
I
became
ill
and
could
not
maintain
my
job
and
I
lost
my
car
because
I
could
not
work,”
she
told
a
local
TV
reporter.
“I’m
thrilled
to
be
a
receiver
of
one
of
their
cars.”
13.Why
did
Williams
give
the
two
women
a
lift?
A.He
was
asked
to
lend
a
hand.
B.He
was
doing
some
voluntary
work.
C.He
wanted
to
follow
his
father’s
footsteps.
D.He
was
going
to
the
same
destination
as
theirs.
14.What
do
the
underlined
words
“off
the
ground”
in
Paragraph
3
probably
mean?
A.At
a
loss.
B.In
progress.
C.Out
of
sight.
D.Beyond
reach.
15.What
do
we
know
about
The
Garage?
A.It
was
set
up
by
Williams
for
his
daughters.
B.It
has
donated
127
vehicles
to
those
in
need.
C.It
helps
poor
women
repair
their
vehicles
for
free.
D.It
has
won
financial
support
from
the
government.
16.What
did
McGowan
mean
by
her
words?
A.She
expected
local
TV
to
do
her
a
favor.
B.She
was
seriously
ill
after
losing
her
job.
C.She
was
excited
to
have
a
car
from
The
Garage.
D.She
determined
to
donate
her
old
car
to
the
poor.
