备战2021年高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练
典型技巧15
单一词汇含义的猜测
【考情角度】
考情分析
说明文类阅读理解所涉及话题方方面面，但通常难度不大，应在弄清结构后再开始做。
考查角度
常涉及观点态度类，写作意图类或词义猜测题。
【真题再现】 (2018·全国卷Ⅱ·B) 主题语境：健康的生活方式
Many
of
us
love
July
because
it's
the
month
when
nature's
berries
and
stone
fruits
are
.
These
colourful
and
sweet
jewels
from
British
Columbia's
fields
are
little
powerhouses
of
nutritional
protection.
Of
the
common
berries,
strawberries
are
highest
in
vitamin
C,
although,
because
of
their
seeds,
raspberries
contain
a
little
more
protein
(蛋白质),
iron
and
zinc
(not
that
fruits
have
much
protein).
Blueberries
are
particularly
high
in
antioxidants
(抗氧化物质).
The
yellow
and
orange
stone
fruits
such
as
peaches
are
high
in
the
carotenoids
we
turn
into
vitamin
A
and
which
are
antioxidants.
As
for
cherries
(樱桃),
they
are
.
Who
cares?
However,
they
are
rich
in
vitamin
C.
When
combined
with
berries
or
slices
of
other
fruits,
frozen
bananas
make
an
excellent
base
for
thick,
cooling
fruit
and
low
fat
“ice
cream”.
For
this
purpose,
select
ripe
bananas
for
freezing
as
they
are
much
sweeter.
Remove
the
skin
and
place
them
in
plastic
bags
or
containers
and
freeze.
If
you
like,
a
squeeze
of
fresh
lemon
juice
on
the
bananas
will
prevent
them
turning
brown.
Frozen
bananas
will
last
several
weeks,
depending
on
their
ripeness
and
the
temperature
of
the
freezer.
If
you
have
a_juicer,_you
can
simply
in
frozen
bananas
and
some
berries
or
sliced
fruit.
Out
comes
a
“soft?serve”
creamy
dessert,
to
be
eaten
right
away.
This
makes
a
fun
activity
for
a
children's
part;
they
love
feeding
the
fruit
and
frozen
bananas
into
the
top
of
the
machine
and
watching
the
ice
cream
come
out
below.
1.What
does
the
author
seem
to
like
about
？
A.
They
contain
protein.
B.
They
are
high
in
vitamin
A.
C.
They
have
a
pleasant
taste.
D.
They
are
rich
in
antioxidants.
2.Why
is
used
in
？
A.
To
make
them
smell
better.
B.
To
keep
their
colour.
C.
To
speed
up
their
ripening.
D.
To
improve
their
nutrition.
3.What
is
“a
juicer”
in
the
last
paragraph?
A.
A
dessert.
B.
A
drink.
C.
A
container.
D.
A
machine.
答案与解析： 1.C 2.B 3.D
1.根据题干关键词cherries定位原文第二段最后两句，结合同义转换确定答案。
2.定位原文对香蕉保存方法的介绍可得出。
3.根据画线词后的feed
in,
Out
comes和feeding
the
fruit
...
the
machine可推出画线词含义。
【技巧释义】利用语境猜词义
?介绍包括樱桃和蓝莓在内的水果的营养价值(第1～2段)
?介绍保存水果和让水果食用起来更美味的方法(第3段)
?利用juicer制作水果甜品(第4段)
【词汇积累】
shake
n.奶昔
feed
vt.把……放进/塞进
nutritional
adj.营养的
ripening
n.成熟
in
abundance大量地
【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）
Nowadays,
many
of
the
world’s
largest
brewers
(a
company
that
produces
beer)
are
using
new
technologies
to
replace
the
disposable,
plastic
six-pack
beer
rings
with
more
sustainable
and
recyclable
materials.
Though
mostly
being
used
in
small
test
trials,
full
adoption
could
have
a
positive
environmental
impact,
according
to
some
experts.
Carlsberg,
the
Danish
brewer,
for
example,
is
using
glue
to
adhere
cans
in
a
production
method
that
would
avoid
using
1,200
tons
of
plastic
yearly,
or
the
equal
of
60
million
plastic
bags,
once
fully
adopted.
For
most
consumers,
the
miserable
image
of
a
seagull,
turtle,
or
some
other
aquatic
creature
trapped
or
killed
by
the
plastic
rings
really
arouses
their
strong
sympathy
as
well
as
their
reflection
on
the
plastic
pollution
issue.
That
is
a
part
of
the
reason
why
brewers
have
zeroed
in
on
plastic
six-pack-ring
packaging.
Luckily,
children
are
taught
to
cut
up
the
rings
to
lessen
the
chance
that
an
animal
might
choke
itself
to
death.
Developed
by
E6PR
(Edible
Six
Pack
Ring)
programme,
which
is
led
by
another
brewery
called
Saltwater,
the
rings
made
of
waste
wheat
in
beer
production
are
now
used
by
35
brewers
across
the
globe,
including
in
Africa,
Europe,
and
Australia.
The
final
goal
is
to
ensure
that
they
can
be
eaten
harmlessly
by
aquatic
creatures
or
break
down
in
nature
within
a
matter
of
weeks
rather
than
the
years
it
will
take
for
plastic.
Giving
up
plastic
straws
and
beer
rings
may
help
consumers
feel
better
about
their
carbon
footprint,
but
some
experts
say
we
should
also
focus
on
other
efforts.
Recycling
rates
in
the
U.S.
stand
at
just
over
34%.
Glass,
in
which
many
brewers
bottle
their
beer,
can
be
difficult
to
recycle
and
transport.
If
brewers
chose
thinner
glass,
the
improvement
could
prove
even
more
beneficial
to
the
environment
than
giving
up
plastic
rings.
However,
there
can
be
a
risk
that
consumers
may
be
more
likely
to
litter,
if
they
think
the
E6PR
rings
are
less
harmful.
“The
idea
of
creating
something
that’s
litter-friendly
is
an
issue
in
my
mind,”
says
Nina
Goodrich,
executive
director
of
an
environmental
nonprofit
organization,
GreenBlue.
“What
we
need
in
North
America
is
a
better
system
to
encourage
collection
and
sorting.”
1.What
does
the
underlined
word
“adhere”
in
Paragraph
2
mean?
A.attach.
B.grasp.
C.select.
D.stick.
2.We
can
learn
from
Paragraph
2
and
Paragraph
3
that
.
A.Carlsberg
has
completely
relied
on
the
use
of
glue
to
stick
cans
as
a
production
method.
B.It
is
the
death
of
sea
animals
that
draws
people’s
attention
to
the
plastic
pollution
problem.
C.Children
are
taught
to
cut
up
the
plastic
rings
to
prevent
the
rings
harming
animals.
D.Brewers
have
changed
their
packing
materials
due
to
the
pressure
from
consumers.
3.What
is
the
author’s
attitude
towards
the
E6PR
rings?
A.Doubtful.
B.Neutral.
C.Supportive.
D.Indifferent.
4.Which
statement
is
true
about
Nina
Goodrich?
A.She
wishes
to
establish
a
collection
and
sorting
system
in
America.
B.She
doesn’t
think
the
E6PR
rings
are
harmful
for
aquatic
animals.
C.Her
team
has
already
produced
some
litter-friendly
materials.
D.She
is
in
charge
of
a
charity
that
works
on
protecting
ocean
environment.
【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是世界上许多大的啤酒生产商正在使用新技术来代替一次性塑料啤酒捆绑环，以减少对水生生物和环境的危害。
1.词句猜测题。根据“...the
Danish
brewer,
for
example,
is
using
glue
to
...
cans
in
a
production
method
”（例如，丹麦啤酒制造商嘉士伯(Carlsberg)就在一种生产方法中使用胶水来粘接易拉罐。）可知，是用胶水来封罐，adhere意为“粘住”。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Luckily,
many
children
are
taught
to
cut
up
the
rings
to
lessen
the
chance
that
an
animal
might
choke
itself
to
death.”（幸运的是，许多孩子被教导要把塑料环切碎，以减少动物可能窒息而死的机会。）可知，孩子们被教导剪碎塑料环，以防止塑料环伤害动物。故选C
。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第四段作者在介绍E6PR
rings的成分
(made
of
waste
wheat)，使用范围和最终目标“The
final
goal
is
to
ensure
that
they
can
be
eaten
harmlessly
by
aquatic
creatures
or
break
down
in
nature
within
a
matter
of
weeks
rather
than
the
years
it
will
take
for
plastic.”（最终目标是确保它们能在几周内被水生生物无害地吃掉，或在自然界中分解，而不是像塑料那样需要数年时间。）和文章最后一段第一句“There’s
also
the
risk
that
if
consumers
think
their
E6PR
rings
are
less
harmful,
they’ll
be
more
likely
to
litter.”（还有一个风险是，如果消费者认为他们的E6PR环危害更小，他们就更有可能乱扔垃圾。）可知，还有一个风险是，如果消费者认为E6PR塑料环危害较小，他们就更有可能乱扔垃圾。所以，作者只是客观地介绍了E6PR
塑料环，作者对E6PR塑料环持中立态度。故选B。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“What
we
need
in
North
America
is
a
better
system
to
encourage
collection
and
sorting.（我们在北美所需要的是一个更好的系统来鼓励收集和分类。）”可知，她希望在美国建立一个收集和分类系统。故选A
。
2
Standing
in
line
for
the
latest
iPhone
at
the
Apple
store,queuing
for
tickets
to
Wimbledon
or
even
just
waiting
at
the
post
office
might
just
have
got
a
lot
easier.
Japanese
car-maker
Nissan
claims
to
have
just
the
thing
to
relieve
the
sore
legs
of
weary
queuers.
The
new
system
of
“self-driving”
chairs
is
designed
to
detect
when
someone
at
the
front
of
the
queue
is
summoned,
and
automatically
move
everyone
else
one
step
forward
in
line.
The
new
invention
is
shown
off
in
a
company
video,
which
re-enacts
(重视)
a
busy
restaurant
with
customers
waiting
outside.
In
the
video,
diners
are
sitting
in
a
row
of
chairs,
but
will
not
have
to
stand
when
the
next
hungry
diner
is
called
to
a
table.
Instead
the
chairs,
equipped
with
autonomous
technology
that
detects
the
seat
ahead,
slide
along
a
path
toward
the
front
of
the
line.
When
the
person
at
the
front
of
the
queue
is
summoned,
the
empty
chair
at
the
front
can
sense
it
is
empty
and
so
moves
out
of
pole
position.
Cameras
on
the
remaining
chairs
then
sense
the
movement
and
follow
automatically.
The
system,
which
is
similar
to
the
kind
used
in
Nissan's
autonomous
vehicle
technology,
will
be
tested
at
select
restaurants
in
Japan
this
year,
Nissan
said.
Although
Tokyo
has
some
160,000
restaurants,
long
queues
are
not
uncommon.
Therefore
this
system
appeals
to
anyone
who
has
queued
for
hours
outside
a
crowded
restaurant:
it
reduces
the
physical
stress
of
standing
in
line,
Nissan
added.
Nissan
also
released
a
short
video
showing
the
chairs
being
used
in
an
art
gallery,
moving
slowly
in
front
of
the
various
paintings
to
let
viewers
appreciate
the
art
without
the
need
to
stand
up.
5.What's
the
meaning
of"summoned"underlined
in
paragraph
3?-
A.detected
B.called
C.shown
D.tested
6.“Self-driving”chairs
have
already
been
used
in
a(an)
.
A.restaurant
B.Apple
store
C.post
office
D.art
gallery
7.According
to
the
passage,
which
of
the
following
statement
is
true?
A.With
“self-driving”
chairs,
people
will
be
released
of
queuing.
B.The
new
invention
is
shown
off
in
a
busy
restaurant.
C.When
the
person
at
the
front
is
summoned,
all
the
chairs
move
out
of
pole
position.
D.Long
queues
are
common
in
Tokyo’s
restaurants.
【答案】5.B6.D7.D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种能消除长时间排队带来的无聊和身体上痛苦的一种新型发明装置“自动驾驶”座椅及具体使用。
5.词义猜测题。根据下文“automatically
move
everyone
else
one
step
forward
in
line.”
并自动将其他所有人向前移动一步，可以推测到上文是这种新的“自动驾驶”椅子系统是为了检测前排的人何时被召唤，由此可推断summoned意为“叫，召唤”，与called同义，故选B。
6.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Nissan
also
released
a
short
video
showing
the
chairs
being
used
in
an
art
gallery,
moving
slowly
in
front
of
the
various
paintings
to
let
viewers
appreciate
the
art
without
the
need
to
stand
up.”
Nissan还发布了一段短视频，展示了一家美术馆使用的椅子，在各种画作前缓慢移动，让观众无需站起来就能欣赏艺术品。由此可知美术馆已经使用了“自动驾驶”座椅，故选D。
7.细节理解题。根据第四段“The
new
invention
is
shown
off
in
a
company
video,
which
re-enacts
(重视)
a
busy
restaurant
with
customers
waiting
outside.
In
the
video,
diners
are
sitting
in
a
row
of
chairs,
but
will
not
have
to
stand
when
the
next
hungry
diner
is
called
to
a
table.”
该公司在一段视频中展示了这一新发明，再现了一家繁忙的餐厅，顾客在门外等候。在视频中，用餐者们坐在一排椅子上，但当下一个饥肠辘辘的用餐者被叫到桌前时，他们就不用站着了。由此可知，“自动驾驶”座椅是在视频中展示，顾客坐在椅子上排队，故A.B都是错误的；根据第三段“The
new
system
of
“self-driving”
chairs
is
designed
to
detect
when
someone
at
the
front
of
the
queue
is
summoned,
and
automatically
move
everyone
else
one
step
forward
in
line.”
“自动驾驶”座椅的新系统设计用于检测排在队伍前面的人被召唤到时，并自动将其他所有人向前移动一步，C错误；再根据倒数第二段第一句“Although
Tokyo
has
some
160,000
restaurants,
long
queues
are
not
uncommon.”
尽管东京有16万家餐馆，但排长队的情况并不少见。因此D选项正确，故选D。
3
When
an
editor
called
to
ask
if
I
could
photograph
a
story
about
fireflies
in
Mexico,
I
didn’t
check
my
schedule
before
I
said
yes.
I’d
seen
these
insects
light
up
the
forests
in
Tlaxcala
once
before,
and
I
jumped
at
the
chance
to
go
back.
While
studying,
I
began
exploring
Mexico,
crossing
the
country
several
times
by
bus.
Now
I
work
as
a
photojournalist
in
Mexico
and
along
the
border,
documenting
desperate
situations
that
rarely
seem
to
improve
for
everyday
Mexicans.
Though
necessary
and
important,
news
stories
don’t
reflect
the
Mexico
that
I
fell
for
and
that
is
home
to
so
many
people
I
love.
An
assignment
focused
on
the
country’s
natural
beauty
was
a
welcome
reprieve.
I
had
three
nights
to
film
the
magical
scene
in
the
forest.
According
to
our
guides,
visitors
are
usually
not
allowed
to
photograph
the
fireflies
because
the
presence
of
artificial
light
from
electronics
can
affect
their
habits.
As
I
started
shooting,
I
adjusted
my
exposures
constantly
to
account
for
the
fading
light.
In
order
to
get
the
composition
that
I
wanted,
I
placed
my
tripod((三脚架))
on
a
steep,
rocky
path
and
had
to
steady
it
during
the
long
exposures.
Normally
this
wouldn’t
be
a
big
deal,
but
the
fireflies
were
very
interested
in
the
camera
and,
by
extension,
in
me.
I
stood
completely
still
while
they
crawled(爬)
all
over
me—my
arms,
my
hair,
my
face.
From
what
I
observed,
peak
firefly
presence
happens
for
only
about
20
minutes
each
night,
so
I
had
time
for
just
a
few
tries.
On
the
last
night
everything
came
together.
The
weather
cooperated.
I
had
improved
my
method
for
focusing
and
composing
in
the
dark
with
quick
flashes
from
a
powerful
flashlight—and
I’d
grown
accustomed
to
insects
on
my
face.
I
was
rewarded
with
the
image
you
see
here.
Each
dot
of
light
is
one
of
several
bursts
that
a
firefly
makes
as
it
travels
within
a
30-second
exposure.
You
can
trace
the
insects’
paths:
Some
make
small
loops(环),
like
those
in
the
bottom
center
of
the
frame,
while
others
move
steadily
in
one
direction
or
another.
8.How
did
the
author
feel
about
the
editor’s
request?
A.upset.
B.delighted.
C.confused.
D.embarrassed.
9.What
can
best
replace
the
underlined
word
“reprieve”
in
paragraph2?
A.relief
B.return
C.trend
D.victory
10.What
did
the
author
focus
on
during
the
first
two
night?
A.learning
about
the
local
travel
rules.
B.researching
the
habit
of
the
fireflies.
C.communicating
constantly
with
the
guides.
D.finding
the
suitable
spot
and
time
to
photograph.
11.What
is
the
purpose
of
the
text?
A.To
tell
stories
about
fireflies.
B.To
introduce
a
photo
to
readers.
C.To
record
a
travelling
experience.
D.To
show
the
author’s
working
conditions.
【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.B
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者拍摄的一张关于萤火虫的照片背后的故事。
8.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When
an
editor
called
to
ask
if
I
could
photograph
a
story
about
fireflies
in
Mexico,
I
didn’t
check
my
schedule
before
I
said
yes.”（当一位编辑打电话问我是否可以拍摄一篇关于墨西哥萤火虫的报道时，我没有查看我的时间表就答应了。）和“I
jumped
at
the
chance
to
go
back”（我欣然接受了这个回去的机会）可知，作者没有确认自己的行程就一口答应编辑的要求，由此推知，他很高兴地接受了这个请求。故选B。
9.词句猜测题。根据上文“Though
necessary
and
important,
news
stories
don’t
reflect
the
Mexico
that
I
fell
for
and
that
is
home
to
so
many
people
I
love.”（虽然新闻报道很有必要也很重要，但它并不能反映我倾心的墨西哥，那里是我爱的许多人的家园。）可知，作者作为摄影记者在墨西哥工作，记录着墨西哥人每天都面临的危险状况，而这样的新闻反应不出作者喜欢的墨西哥。现在有这样一个关注墨西哥自然美的工作机会，对于作者来说是一个让他开心的缓解机会。“reprieve”和relief意思接近，意为“缓解”。故选A。
10.推理判断题。文章第三段介绍了作者前两个晚上都做了什么，根据第三段内容“As
I
started
shooting,
I
adjusted
my
exposures
constantly
to
account
for
the
fading
light.
…From
what
I
observed,
peak
firefly
presence
happens
for
only
about
20
minutes
each
night,
so
I
had
time
for
just
a
few
tries.”（当我开始拍摄时，我不断调整我的曝光以适应渐暗的光线。为了得到我想要的构图，我把我的三脚架放在一个陡峭的，多岩石的道路上，必须在长时间的曝光中稳定它。通常这没什么大不了的，但萤火虫们对相机很感兴趣，延伸开来，对我也很感兴趣。我一动不动地站着，他们爬在我身上——我的胳膊、头发、脸。根据我的观察，萤火虫的峰值出现时间每晚只有20分钟，所以我有时间只尝试了几次。）可知，前两个晚上作者主要做的是挑选合适的地点和拍摄时间。故选D。
11.推理判断题。根据文章内容，尤其是最后一段中的“I
was
rewarded
with
the
image
you
see
here.”可知，本篇文章的目的是向读者介绍作者拍摄的照片背后的故事。故选B。
4
One
spring,
my
aunt
taught
my
sister,
Lucy,
and
me
how
to
fly
the
kite.
After
trying
in
vain
to
make
the
kite
fly
by
dragging
it
along
the
ground,
I
turned
to
my
sister
for
help.
Lucy
very
kindly
took
it
up
and
tossed
it
into
the
air,
but
the
kite
fell
down
again
due
to
my
neglecting
to
run
off
at
the
same
time.
My
aunt
asked
us
to
try
again.
Lucy
once
more
took
up
the
kite.
However,
I,
who
was
in
too
great
a
hurry,
ran
off
so
suddenly
that
I
pulled
the
kite
out
of
her
hand
and
it
fell
down
to
the
ground
again.
“Who
was
to
blame
now?”
asked
Lucy,
dropping
herself
to
the
ground
in
anger.
My
aunt
didn’t
say
anything
and
demanded
another
attempt.
We
did
it
with
more
care
this
time.
Unfortunately,
a
sudden
side
wind
was
coming,
Lucy
let
go
the
kite,
which
was
blown
against
some
bushes,
leaving
the
poor
kite
hanging
with
its
head
downward.
My
aunt
came
to
our
rescue
and
rolling
up
the
tail
from
the
tree,
my
aunt
led
us
to
find
a
more
open
space
to
try
again.
Lucy
tossed
the
kite
up
just
as
I
ran
off.
It
rose
up
and
danced
unsteadily
in
the
air
for
a
few
seconds
and
then
down
came
the
kite
to
the
ground
like
a
frustrated
lonely
boy.
“A
few
disappointments
ought
not
to
discourage
you.
I
have
wound
up
your
string
and
now
try
again”
my
aunt
said
patiently.
And
we
did
try
and
succeed.
The
kite
was
carrying
upward
on
the
breeze
like
a
merry
feather.
Holding
fast
to
the
stick
and
gazing
on
the
kite,
Lucy
and
I
stood
in
great
delight
and
excitement.
If
my
aunt
hadn’t
persuaded
us
to
try
again,
we
would
have
given
up
flying
the
kite.
It
was
after
this
unforgettable
experience
that
I
began
to
appreciate
the
value
of
perseverance.
Whenever
I
fail
in
my
attempts
to
do
any
good
thing,
I
let
my
motto
be
‘try
again’.
12.How
many
times
did
Lucy
and
I
try
flying
the
kite
together?
A.3.
B.4.
C.5.
D.6.
13.What
does
the
underlined
word
“tossed”
in
the
second
paragraph
mean?
A.Passed.
B.Threw.
C.Kicked.
D.Pushed.
14.Which
of
the
following
is
not
mentioned
in
the
text
in
terms
of
flying
a
kite
successfully?
A.The
favorable
weather.
B.The
spirit
of
never
giving
up.
C.The
more
open
space.
D.The
way
of
communication.
15.What’s
the
author’s
main
purpose
of
writing
this
article?
A.To
share
his
disappointing
experience.
B.To
encourage
people
not
to
give
up.
C.To
introduce
his
nice
and
patient
aunt.
D.To
describe
hardship
in
learning
to
fly
the
kite.
【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.B
【分析】
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者和Lucy多次尝试放飞风筝失败，后来姑妈鼓励她们坚持不放弃，最后放飞成功。作者从中体会到坚持的重要性。
12.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“After
trying
in
vain
to
make
the
kite
fly
by
dragging
it
along
the
ground,
I
turned
to
my
sister
for
help.
Lucy
very
kindly
took
it
up
and
tossed
it
into
the
air,
but
the
kite
fell
down
again
due
to
my
neglecting
to
run
off
at
the
same
time.
My
aunt
asked
us
to
try
again.
Lucy
once
more
took
up
the
kite.
However,
I,
who
was
in
too
great
a
hurry,
ran
off
so
suddenly
that
I
pulled
the
kite
out
of
her
hand
and
it
fell
down
to
the
ground
again.”（我在地上拖着风筝，徒劳地想让它飞起来，于是向Lucy求助。Lucy好心地把它捡起来，抛向空中，但是风筝又掉了下来，因为我没有同时跑掉。我姑妈让我们再试一次。Lucy再一次拿起风筝。然而，我太匆忙了，突然跑开了，我把风筝从她手里拽了出来，风筝又掉到了地上。）以及第三段“My
aunt
didn’t
say
anything
and
demanded
another
attempt.
We
did
it
with
more
care
this
time.
Unfortunately,
a
sudden
side
wind
was
coming,
Lucy
let
go
the
kite,
which
was
blown
against
some
bushes,
leaving
the
poor
kite
hanging
with
its
head
downward.
My
aunt
came
to
our
rescue
and
rolling
up
the
tail
from
the
tree,
my
aunt
led
us
to
find
a
more
open
space
to
try
again.
”（我姑妈什么也没说，让我们再试一次。这次我们更在乎。不幸的是，一股风从侧面突然吹来，Lucy放开了风筝，风筝被风吹到了灌木丛上，可怜的风筝头朝下挂着。姑妈来救我们，把风筝的尾巴从树上卷起，领着我们找了个比较开阔的地方再试一次。）可知，作者和Lucy共试飞了五次风筝。故选C。
13.词句猜测题。根据划线词后的词“...into
the
air”，以及根据生活常识，放风筝应该是将风筝抛向空中，才能让风筝飞起来。由此可以猜测toss
意思为“抛，投”。故选B。
14.细节理解题。文章第三段中提到“Unfortunately,
a
sudden
side
wind
was
coming,
Lucy
let
go
the
kite,
which
was
blown
against
some
bushes,
leaving
the
poor
kite
hanging
with
its
head
downward.
My
aunt
came
to
our
rescue
and
rolling
up
the
tail
from
the
tree,
my
aunt
led
us
to
find
a
more
open
space
to
try
again.
”（不幸的是，一股风从侧面突然吹来，Lucy放开了风筝，风筝被风吹到了灌木丛上，可怜的风筝头朝下挂着。姑妈来救我们，把风筝的尾巴从树上卷起，领着我们找了个比较开阔的地方再试一次）可知，作者因为放风筝时遇到突然刮起的侧风而放飞失败，后来姑妈又带她们到了一个开阔的地带放飞。由此可知，有利的天气、更开阔的地带有利于风筝放飞；文章第五段中提到“I
began
to
appreciate
the
value
of
perseverance
”（我开始体会到坚持不懈的价值），由此可知，作者意识到坚持不放弃在成功放风筝中的重要性。而文章没有提到沟通对于放飞风筝成功的作用。故选D。
15.推理判断题。通读全文，文章前面三段讲述作者多次放飞风筝失败，第四段讲述后来在姑妈的鼓励下，坚持不放弃，最后成功。文章最后一段中提到“It
was
after
this
unforgettable
experience
that
I
began
to
appreciate
the
value
of
perseverance.
Whenever
I
fail
in
my
attempts
to
do
any
good
thing,
I
let
my
motto
be
‘try
again’.
（就是在这段难忘的经历之后，我开始体会到坚持的重要性。每当我尝试做一件好事失败时，我的座右铭是‘再试一次’
）。”由此可以推断，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励人们不要放弃。故选B。备战2021年高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练
典型技巧15
单一词汇含义的猜测
【考情角度】
考情分析
说明文类阅读理解所涉及话题方方面面，但通常难度不大，应在弄清结构后再开始做。
考查角度
常涉及观点态度类，写作意图类或词义猜测题。
【真题再现】 (2018·全国卷Ⅱ·B) 主题语境：健康的生活方式
Many
of
us
love
July
because
it's
the
month
when
nature's
berries
and
stone
fruits
are
.
These
colourful
and
sweet
jewels
from
British
Columbia's
fields
are
little
powerhouses
of
nutritional
protection.
Of
the
common
berries,
strawberries
are
highest
in
vitamin
C,
although,
because
of
their
seeds,
raspberries
contain
a
little
more
protein
(蛋白质),
iron
and
zinc
(not
that
fruits
have
much
protein).
Blueberries
are
particularly
high
in
antioxidants
(抗氧化物质).
The
yellow
and
orange
stone
fruits
such
as
peaches
are
high
in
the
carotenoids
we
turn
into
vitamin
A
and
which
are
antioxidants.
As
for
cherries
(樱桃),
they
are
.
Who
cares?
However,
they
are
rich
in
vitamin
C.
When
combined
with
berries
or
slices
of
other
fruits,
frozen
bananas
make
an
excellent
base
for
thick,
cooling
fruit
and
low
fat
“ice
cream”.
For
this
purpose,
select
ripe
bananas
for
freezing
as
they
are
much
sweeter.
Remove
the
skin
and
place
them
in
plastic
bags
or
containers
and
freeze.
If
you
like,
a
squeeze
of
fresh
lemon
juice
on
the
bananas
will
prevent
them
turning
brown.
Frozen
bananas
will
last
several
weeks,
depending
on
their
ripeness
and
the
temperature
of
the
freezer.
If
you
have
a_juicer,_you
can
simply
in
frozen
bananas
and
some
berries
or
sliced
fruit.
Out
comes
a
“soft?serve”
creamy
dessert,
to
be
eaten
right
away.
This
makes
a
fun
activity
for
a
children's
part;
they
love
feeding
the
fruit
and
frozen
bananas
into
the
top
of
the
machine
and
watching
the
ice
cream
come
out
below.
1.What
does
the
author
seem
to
like
about
？
A.
They
contain
protein.
B.
They
are
high
in
vitamin
A.
C.
They
have
a
pleasant
taste.
D.
They
are
rich
in
antioxidants.
2.Why
is
used
in
？
A.
To
make
them
smell
better.
B.
To
keep
their
colour.
C.
To
speed
up
their
ripening.
D.
To
improve
their
nutrition.
3.What
is
“a
juicer”
in
the
last
paragraph?
A.
A
dessert.
B.
A
drink.
C.
A
container.
D.
A
machine.
答案与解析： 1.C 2.B 3.D
1.根据题干关键词cherries定位原文第二段最后两句，结合同义转换确定答案。
2.定位原文对香蕉保存方法的介绍可得出。
3.根据画线词后的feed
in,
Out
comes和feeding
the
fruit
...
the
machine可推出画线词含义。
【技巧释义】利用语境猜词义
?介绍包括樱桃和蓝莓在内的水果的营养价值(第1～2段)
?介绍保存水果和让水果食用起来更美味的方法(第3段)
?利用juicer制作水果甜品(第4段)
【词汇积累】
shake
n.奶昔
feed
vt.把……放进/塞进
nutritional
adj.营养的
ripening
n.成熟
in
abundance大量地
【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）
Nowadays,
many
of
the
world’s
largest
brewers
(a
company
that
produces
beer)
are
using
new
technologies
to
replace
the
disposable,
plastic
six-pack
beer
rings
with
more
sustainable
and
recyclable
materials.
Though
mostly
being
used
in
small
test
trials,
full
adoption
could
have
a
positive
environmental
impact,
according
to
some
experts.
Carlsberg,
the
Danish
brewer,
for
example,
is
using
glue
to
adhere
cans
in
a
production
method
that
would
avoid
using
1,200
tons
of
plastic
yearly,
or
the
equal
of
60
million
plastic
bags,
once
fully
adopted.
For
most
consumers,
the
miserable
image
of
a
seagull,
turtle,
or
some
other
aquatic
creature
trapped
or
killed
by
the
plastic
rings
really
arouses
their
strong
sympathy
as
well
as
their
reflection
on
the
plastic
pollution
issue.
That
is
a
part
of
the
reason
why
brewers
have
zeroed
in
on
plastic
six-pack-ring
packaging.
Luckily,
children
are
taught
to
cut
up
the
rings
to
lessen
the
chance
that
an
animal
might
choke
itself
to
death.
Developed
by
E6PR
(Edible
Six
Pack
Ring)
programme,
which
is
led
by
another
brewery
called
Saltwater,
the
rings
made
of
waste
wheat
in
beer
production
are
now
used
by
35
brewers
across
the
globe,
including
in
Africa,
Europe,
and
Australia.
The
final
goal
is
to
ensure
that
they
can
be
eaten
harmlessly
by
aquatic
creatures
or
break
down
in
nature
within
a
matter
of
weeks
rather
than
the
years
it
will
take
for
plastic.
Giving
up
plastic
straws
and
beer
rings
may
help
consumers
feel
better
about
their
carbon
footprint,
but
some
experts
say
we
should
also
focus
on
other
efforts.
Recycling
rates
in
the
U.S.
stand
at
just
over
34%.
Glass,
in
which
many
brewers
bottle
their
beer,
can
be
difficult
to
recycle
and
transport.
If
brewers
chose
thinner
glass,
the
improvement
could
prove
even
more
beneficial
to
the
environment
than
giving
up
plastic
rings.
However,
there
can
be
a
risk
that
consumers
may
be
more
likely
to
litter,
if
they
think
the
E6PR
rings
are
less
harmful.
“The
idea
of
creating
something
that’s
litter-friendly
is
an
issue
in
my
mind,”
says
Nina
Goodrich,
executive
director
of
an
environmental
nonprofit
organization,
GreenBlue.
“What
we
need
in
North
America
is
a
better
system
to
encourage
collection
and
sorting.”
1.What
does
the
underlined
word
“adhere”
in
Paragraph
2
mean?
A.attach.
B.grasp.
C.select.
D.stick.
2.We
can
learn
from
Paragraph
2
and
Paragraph
3
that
.
A.Carlsberg
has
completely
relied
on
the
use
of
glue
to
stick
cans
as
a
production
method.
B.It
is
the
death
of
sea
animals
that
draws
people’s
attention
to
the
plastic
pollution
problem.
C.Children
are
taught
to
cut
up
the
plastic
rings
to
prevent
the
rings
harming
animals.
D.Brewers
have
changed
their
packing
materials
due
to
the
pressure
from
consumers.
3.What
is
the
author’s
attitude
towards
the
E6PR
rings?
A.Doubtful.
B.Neutral.
C.Supportive.
D.Indifferent.
4.Which
statement
is
true
about
Nina
Goodrich?
A.She
wishes
to
establish
a
collection
and
sorting
system
in
America.
B.She
doesn’t
think
the
E6PR
rings
are
harmful
for
aquatic
animals.
C.Her
team
has
already
produced
some
litter-friendly
materials.
D.She
is
in
charge
of
a
charity
that
works
on
protecting
ocean
environment.
2
Standing
in
line
for
the
latest
iPhone
at
the
Apple
store,queuing
for
tickets
to
Wimbledon
or
even
just
waiting
at
the
post
office
might
just
have
got
a
lot
easier.
Japanese
car-maker
Nissan
claims
to
have
just
the
thing
to
relieve
the
sore
legs
of
weary
queuers.
The
new
system
of
“self-driving”
chairs
is
designed
to
detect
when
someone
at
the
front
of
the
queue
is
summoned,
and
automatically
move
everyone
else
one
step
forward
in
line.
The
new
invention
is
shown
off
in
a
company
video,
which
re-enacts
(重视)
a
busy
restaurant
with
customers
waiting
outside.
In
the
video,
diners
are
sitting
in
a
row
of
chairs,
but
will
not
have
to
stand
when
the
next
hungry
diner
is
called
to
a
table.
Instead
the
chairs,
equipped
with
autonomous
technology
that
detects
the
seat
ahead,
slide
along
a
path
toward
the
front
of
the
line.
When
the
person
at
the
front
of
the
queue
is
summoned,
the
empty
chair
at
the
front
can
sense
it
is
empty
and
so
moves
out
of
pole
position.
Cameras
on
the
remaining
chairs
then
sense
the
movement
and
follow
automatically.
The
system,
which
is
similar
to
the
kind
used
in
Nissan's
autonomous
vehicle
technology,
will
be
tested
at
select
restaurants
in
Japan
this
year,
Nissan
said.
Although
Tokyo
has
some
160,000
restaurants,
long
queues
are
not
uncommon.
Therefore
this
system
appeals
to
anyone
who
has
queued
for
hours
outside
a
crowded
restaurant:
it
reduces
the
physical
stress
of
standing
in
line,
Nissan
added.
Nissan
also
released
a
short
video
showing
the
chairs
being
used
in
an
art
gallery,
moving
slowly
in
front
of
the
various
paintings
to
let
viewers
appreciate
the
art
without
the
need
to
stand
up.
5.What's
the
meaning
of"summoned"underlined
in
paragraph
3?-
A.detected
B.called
C.shown
D.tested
6.“Self-driving”chairs
have
already
been
used
in
a(an)
.
A.restaurant
B.Apple
store
C.post
office
D.art
gallery
7.According
to
the
passage,
which
of
the
following
statement
is
true?
A.With
“self-driving”
chairs,
people
will
be
released
of
queuing.
B.The
new
invention
is
shown
off
in
a
busy
restaurant.
C.When
the
person
at
the
front
is
summoned,
all
the
chairs
move
out
of
pole
position.
D.Long
queues
are
common
in
Tokyo’s
restaurants.
3
When
an
editor
called
to
ask
if
I
could
photograph
a
story
about
fireflies
in
Mexico,
I
didn’t
check
my
schedule
before
I
said
yes.
I’d
seen
these
insects
light
up
the
forests
in
Tlaxcala
once
before,
and
I
jumped
at
the
chance
to
go
back.
While
studying,
I
began
exploring
Mexico,
crossing
the
country
several
times
by
bus.
Now
I
work
as
a
photojournalist
in
Mexico
and
along
the
border,
documenting
desperate
situations
that
rarely
seem
to
improve
for
everyday
Mexicans.
Though
necessary
and
important,
news
stories
don’t
reflect
the
Mexico
that
I
fell
for
and
that
is
home
to
so
many
people
I
love.
An
assignment
focused
on
the
country’s
natural
beauty
was
a
welcome
reprieve.
I
had
three
nights
to
film
the
magical
scene
in
the
forest.
According
to
our
guides,
visitors
are
usually
not
allowed
to
photograph
the
fireflies
because
the
presence
of
artificial
light
from
electronics
can
affect
their
habits.
As
I
started
shooting,
I
adjusted
my
exposures
constantly
to
account
for
the
fading
light.
In
order
to
get
the
composition
that
I
wanted,
I
placed
my
tripod((三脚架))
on
a
steep,
rocky
path
and
had
to
steady
it
during
the
long
exposures.
Normally
this
wouldn’t
be
a
big
deal,
but
the
fireflies
were
very
interested
in
the
camera
and,
by
extension,
in
me.
I
stood
completely
still
while
they
crawled(爬)
all
over
me—my
arms,
my
hair,
my
face.
From
what
I
observed,
peak
firefly
presence
happens
for
only
about
20
minutes
each
night,
so
I
had
time
for
just
a
few
tries.
On
the
last
night
everything
came
together.
The
weather
cooperated.
I
had
improved
my
method
for
focusing
and
composing
in
the
dark
with
quick
flashes
from
a
powerful
flashlight—and
I’d
grown
accustomed
to
insects
on
my
face.
I
was
rewarded
with
the
image
you
see
here.
Each
dot
of
light
is
one
of
several
bursts
that
a
firefly
makes
as
it
travels
within
a
30-second
exposure.
You
can
trace
the
insects’
paths:
Some
make
small
loops(环),
like
those
in
the
bottom
center
of
the
frame,
while
others
move
steadily
in
one
direction
or
another.
8.How
did
the
author
feel
about
the
editor’s
request?
A.upset.
B.delighted.
C.confused.
D.embarrassed.
9.What
can
best
replace
the
underlined
word
“reprieve”
in
paragraph2?
A.relief
B.return
C.trend
D.victory
10.What
did
the
author
focus
on
during
the
first
two
night?
A.learning
about
the
local
travel
rules.
B.researching
the
habit
of
the
fireflies.
C.communicating
constantly
with
the
guides.
D.finding
the
suitable
spot
and
time
to
photograph.
11.What
is
the
purpose
of
the
text?
A.To
tell
stories
about
fireflies.
B.To
introduce
a
photo
to
readers.
C.To
record
a
travelling
experience.
D.To
show
the
author’s
working
conditions.
4
One
spring,
my
aunt
taught
my
sister,
Lucy,
and
me
how
to
fly
the
kite.
After
trying
in
vain
to
make
the
kite
fly
by
dragging
it
along
the
ground,
I
turned
to
my
sister
for
help.
Lucy
very
kindly
took
it
up
and
tossed
it
into
the
air,
but
the
kite
fell
down
again
due
to
my
neglecting
to
run
off
at
the
same
time.
My
aunt
asked
us
to
try
again.
Lucy
once
more
took
up
the
kite.
However,
I,
who
was
in
too
great
a
hurry,
ran
off
so
suddenly
that
I
pulled
the
kite
out
of
her
hand
and
it
fell
down
to
the
ground
again.
“Who
was
to
blame
now?”
asked
Lucy,
dropping
herself
to
the
ground
in
anger.
My
aunt
didn’t
say
anything
and
demanded
another
attempt.
We
did
it
with
more
care
this
time.
Unfortunately,
a
sudden
side
wind
was
coming,
Lucy
let
go
the
kite,
which
was
blown
against
some
bushes,
leaving
the
poor
kite
hanging
with
its
head
downward.
My
aunt
came
to
our
rescue
and
rolling
up
the
tail
from
the
tree,
my
aunt
led
us
to
find
a
more
open
space
to
try
again.
Lucy
tossed
the
kite
up
just
as
I
ran
off.
It
rose
up
and
danced
unsteadily
in
the
air
for
a
few
seconds
and
then
down
came
the
kite
to
the
ground
like
a
frustrated
lonely
boy.
“A
few
disappointments
ought
not
to
discourage
you.
I
have
wound
up
your
string
and
now
try
again”
my
aunt
said
patiently.
And
we
did
try
and
succeed.
The
kite
was
carrying
upward
on
the
breeze
like
a
merry
feather.
Holding
fast
to
the
stick
and
gazing
on
the
kite,
Lucy
and
I
stood
in
great
delight
and
excitement.
If
my
aunt
hadn’t
persuaded
us
to
try
again,
we
would
have
given
up
flying
the
kite.
It
was
after
this
unforgettable
experience
that
I
began
to
appreciate
the
value
of
perseverance.
Whenever
I
fail
in
my
attempts
to
do
any
good
thing,
I
let
my
motto
be
‘try
again’.
12.How
many
times
did
Lucy
and
I
try
flying
the
kite
together?
A.3.
B.4.
C.5.
D.6.
13.What
does
the
underlined
word
“tossed”
in
the
second
paragraph
mean?
A.Passed.
B.Threw.
C.Kicked.
D.Pushed.
14.Which
of
the
following
is
not
mentioned
in
the
text
in
terms
of
flying
a
kite
successfully?
A.The
favorable
weather.
B.The
spirit
of
never
giving
up.
C.The
more
open
space.
D.The
way
of
communication.
15.What’s
the
author’s
main
purpose
of
writing
this
article?
A.To
share
his
disappointing
experience.
B.To
encourage
people
not
to
give
up.
C.To
introduce
his
nice
and
patient
aunt.
D.To
describe
hardship
in
learning
to
fly
the
kite.
