备战2021年高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练
典型技巧01
长难句的分析与理解
【技巧释义】
高考阅读理解的文章一般会有一些结构复杂的句子，增加了句子的长度和难度，干扰了学生正常的阅读速度和思维方式。
一、长难句的常见形式
1.复合句
这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句。其实，不管句子有多长、多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干主要指主谓宾结构(如：I
want
a
ticket.)或主系表结构(如：The
man
is
a
teacher.)。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。
I
urge
you
to
contact
your
state
legislators
to
move
this
legislation
forward
so
that
this
weekend
will
be
one
of
the
last
times
when
we
have
to
“fall
back”.
分析 此句的主语为I，谓语是urge,
so
that引导的结果状语从句。在结果状语从句中when引导定语从句。
2.分隔结构
高考试题中出现较多的分隔结构是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。此外，还有一些句子成分(一般是定语)过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象。
“The
results
are
pretty
exciting—strong
levels
of
reductions—but
there
clearly
are
going
to
be
things
to
be
learned
from
the
areas
where
the
reductions
are
not
as
great.”
said
Penn
State
University
professor
Elizabeth
McGraw.
提醒 分析长难句时务必注意这些非限制性修饰成分，它们打断了原来的行文逻辑，插入补充了一些额外的信息。
3.成分省略或倒装
在英语句子中，用词简洁是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。有时为了强调句子表达的重心，对句子进行倒装。
(2019·北京高考阅读)By
the
end
of
the
century,
if
not
sooner,
the
world's
oceans
will
be
bluer
and
greener
thanks
to
a
warming
climate,
according
to
a
new
study.
分析 此句正常语序为：
By
the
end
of
the
century,
if
it
is
not
sooner,
the
world's
oceans
will
be
bluer
and
greener
thanks
to
a
warming
climate,
according
to
a
new
study.
二、长难句突破策略
1.结构分析法
通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握句子的基本框架的基本步骤是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子的附属成分。
方法一：较复杂单句的处理方法——找主谓语，即找主干成分
较复杂单句在高考试卷中经常出现，所以应引起同学们的足够重视。
【真题再现】
(2020·浙江1月高考阅读C)A
key
skill
set
for
success
is
persistence
(毅力),
a
characteristic
that
researchers
say
is
heavily
influenced
by
fathers.
分析 主语是A
key
skill，谓语是is，表语是persistence,
a
characteristic是同位语，解释说明persistence。that引导同位语从句，解释名词characteristic。
方法二：并列复合句的处理方法——找并列连词
There
was
a
bit
of
me
that
didn't
want
to
love
this
when
everyone
else
on
the
planet
did,
but
the
horror
story
is
brilliant.
分析 句中的but是并列连词，连接两个并列单句。
方法三：主从复合句的处理方法——找从属连词
【真题再现】
(2020·浙江1月高考阅读C)A
key
finding
is
that
over
time,
children
raised
by
an
authoritative
father
were
significantly
more
likely
to
develop
persistence,
which
leads
to
better
outcomes
in
school.
分析 该句主语是A
key
finding,
that引导表语从句，从句中含有which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰名词persistence。
方法四：并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法——先读懂并列复合句，再看主从复合句
【真题再现】
(2019·北京高考阅读)“It'll
be
a
while
before
we
can
statistically
show
that
the
changes
are
happening
because
of
climate
change，”
Dutkiewicz
said,
“but
the
change
in
the
color
of
the
ocean
will
be
one
of
the
early
warning
signals
that
we
really
have
changed
our
planet.”
分析 but引导两个并列的主从复合句，
but前的主从复合句中是before引导的时间状语从句，该从句中show后是that引导的宾语从句；
but后的主从复合句中，主语是the
change，谓语是will
be,
that引导的同位语从句，解释说明名词signals的内容。
【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）
1
If
you
asked
me
to
dance,
I’d
probably
freeze
on
the
spot
and
some
people
say
I
have
two
left
feet!
But
with
some
persuasion
and
Dutch
courage
I
can
be
tempted
to
take
to
the
dance
floor
and
shake
some
moves-and
that,
apparently,
is
only
natural.
Experts
have
found
as
well
as
being
fun,
dancing
might
have
helped
us
to
survive
as
a
species.
Evolutionary
anthropologist(人类学家)
Bronwyn
Tarr
from
the
University
of
Oxford
believes
that
dancing
alone
is
one
thing
but
it’s
dancing
as
a
group
that
makes
our
brain
reward
us
with
a
cocktail
of
feel-good
hormones
that
change
how
we
feel
about
ourselves
and
those
around
us.
This
is
likely
to
lead
to
profound
social
effects.
It’s
keeping
paces
with
others
that
makes
us
happy.
Bronwy
Tarr
says
that
“dancing
fosters
social
closeness
between
people.
It
helps
us
build
social
connections
and
communities.
In
our
past,
those
social
connections
would
have
been
critical
for
surviving.”
Dance
is
also
a
good
way
to
keep
fit
and
improve
our
mental
health.
In
Wales
there
have
been
calls
for
doctors
to
prescribe
dance
classes
to
people
who
are
unwell.
The
Arts
Council
of
Wales
claims
there
are
many
health
benefits.
And
Bronwyn
Tarr
says
“more
and
more
we’re
actually
discovering
that
your
longevity(长寿)-your
life
expectancy-is
predicted
by
the
social
connections
that
you
have…still
today
it’s
something
we
should
do
more
of.”
It
could
be
part
of
being
a
conservative
Englishman
that
makes
me
a
reluctant
dancer.
Look
at
other
nationalities
such
as
Cubans
where
dancing
is
at
the
heart
of
their
cultural
identity.
And
in
Brazil
at
Carnival
time,
people
let
their
hair
down
by
dancing
together
day
and
night.
They
seem
to
be
having
a
good
time-so
maybe
I
should
get
on
my
feet
and
dance!
1.What
does
the
author
imply
in
the
first
paragraph?
A.He
doesn’t
like
dances.
B.He
does
not
dance
well.
C.He
lacks
confidence
in
dance.
D.He
does
everything
out
of
nature.
2.What
can
be
inferred
from
Tarr’s
words
in
Paragraph
2?
A.Dancing
alone
doesn’t
benefit
at
all.
B.Dancing
with
others
helps
people
survive.
C.It
is
funny
to
keep
paces
with
other
people.
D.It
matters
most
to
dance
on
social
occasions.
3.How
does
the
author
feel
about
dancing
in
the
last
paragraph?
A.Positive.
B.Negative.
C.Unclear.
D.Objective.
4.Which
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.What
makes
you
a
real
dancer?
B.What
can
dances
bring
us?
C.Why
do
people
love
to
dance?
D.How
can
we
dance
well?
2
What
do
you
do
with
old
stuff?
That
dress
you
bought
for
a
party
three
years
ago,
for
example.
You
wore
it
once
and
put
it
away
somewhere.
So,
what
to
do?
In
the
UK,
we
might
take
it
to
a
charity
shop.
The
first
charity
shops
appeared
in
Britain
in
the
19th
century.
The
Salvation
Army
was
one
of
the
first
to
run
a
second-hand
clothing
shop
to
provide
the
needy
with
affordable
clothes.
This
was
followed
by
charities
such
as
the
British
Red
Cross,
who
also
relieved
hardship
and
raised
money
for
the
war
effort
during
World
War
Two.
In
1947,
Oxfam
opened
a
charity
shop
in
High
Street,
Oxford,
which
is
the
modern
form
we
know
today.
These
days,
charity
shops
are
a
common
sight
with
around
11,
200
shops
across
the
UK,
according
to
the
Charity
Retail
Association.
During
business
hours
the
public
can
donate
their
unwanted
items
to
a
charity
shop-clothes,
books,
electronics,
furniture.
These
items
are
checked
for
wear
and
tear
and
if
found
still
serviceable,
priced
up
to
be
sold
at
a
heavily
discounted
price.
For
many,
this
is
a
win-win
situation.
To
the
charity,
it
means
a
valuable
source
of
income.
To
the
consumer,
it
provides
the
opportunity
to
buy,
often
extremely
cheap
items
and
clothes.
To
the
donator,
it
may
help
to
assuage
consumer
guilt.
“You
can
make
a
pretty
good
case
to
yourself
that
you
are
doing
good,
because
what
you
are
doing
is
going
towards
a
charitable
cause
and
you
are
saving
stuff
from
landfill(垃圾堆),”
Clare
Press,
fashion
journalist
and
sustainable
style
advocate,
tells
the
Guardian.
There
are
sometimes
hidden
treasures
for
the
buyers,
too.
Take
a
screen
print
for
example.
It
was
bought
for
99p
and
later
found
to
be
by
English
artist
Ben
Nicholson.
It
was
sold
for￡4,
200.
So
next
time
you
need
to
rid
yourself
of
something,
spare
a
thought
for
the
charity
shop-after
all,
charity
begins
at
home!
5.The
text
is
mainly
written
to________.
A.comment
on
the
benefits
of
charity
shops
B.analyze
the
popularity
of
the
UK
charities
C.list
the
names
of
the
first
UK
charity
shops
D.introduce
something
about
UK
charity
shops
6.Modern
charity
shops
might
be
run
by________.
A.British
Red
Cross
B.The
Salvation
Army
C.Oxfam
D.Charity
Retail
Association
7.What
does
the
underlined
word
“assuage”
in
Paragraph
3
probably
mean?
A.Ease.
B.Add.
C.Mix.
D.Increase.
8.What
does
the
author
advise
people
to
do
in
the
last
paragraph?
A.Get
rid
of
unwanted
items.
B.Start
charity
from
daily
life.
C.Be
environmentally
friendly.
D.Make
a
difference
for
the
future.
3
As
the
birthplace
of
kites
in
the
world,
Weifang,
Shandong
province
of
China,
produces
beautiful,
vivid,
colorful
and
high-quality
kites.
Now,
more
than
70%
of
kites
in
the
world
are
exported
from
Weifang.
If
you
want
to
see
various
shapes
and
sizes
of
kites
covering
the
sky,
you
cannot
miss
the
Weifang
Kite
Festival
held
on
the
third
Saturday
of
every
April.
But
this
year,
tens
of
thousands
of
Chinese
participants
gathered
in
Weifang,
from
Sept
26
to
29
for
the
37th
International
Kite
Festival.
Held
since
1984,
the
International
Kite
Festival
is
an
annual
event
to
“exhibit
the
excellence
of
the
kite
lovers
to
the
public,”
according
to
the
festival's
website.
During
the
festival,
kite
lovers
can
enjoy
stunt
(特技表演)
kite
flying,
also
known
as
aerial
ballet.
Controlled
by
either
a
single
person
or
a
group,
the
kites
form
different
shapes
in
the
air.
People
always
devote
a
lot
of
time
and
wisdom
to
making
their
own
kites.
From
animals
that
crawl
(爬行)
on
the
ground
or
swim
in
the
water
to
legends
like
Monkey
King,
everything
can
fly
in
the
sky
at
the
festival.
One
of
this
year's
highlights
was
the
giant
kites
decorated
with
images
of
medical
staff
and
the
Long
March
5
rocket,
which
reflect
the
hot
topics
this
year.
“Flying
a
kite
is
like
flying
your
dream.
All
the
cultural
symbols
from
ancient
and
modem
times
can
be
found
in
the
sky
of
Weifang,”
noted
Medium.
After
more
than
three
decades
of
development,
the
festival
has
become
a
place
to
appreciate
kites.
But
most
importantly,
it
serves
as
a
unique
cultural
event
to
promote
international
exchange.
9.What
does
the
text
mainly
talk
about?
A.A
kite
festival.
B.A
kite
birthplace.
C.The
future
of
kites.
D.Kite
performances.
10.For
what
purpose
is
the
kite
festival
held
every
year?
A.To
enjoy
animals
flying
in
the
air.
B.To
show
kite-lovers'
brilliance.
C.To
perform
specialized
kite
flying.
D.To
enhance
Weifang's
global
impact.
11.What
can
be
known
from
Paragraph
3?
A.It
takes
a
lot
of
trouble
to
make
a
kite.
B.Stunt
kite
flying
is
the
only
highlight.
C.Imagination
can
be
shown
in
the
kite.
D.Decorations
matter
least
in
the
show.
12.What
is
the
most
important
role
the
festival
plays?
A.It
helps
organize
an
international
event.
B.It
offers
tips
on
how
to
appreciate
kites.
C.It
helps
make
the
place
known
worldwide.
D.It
enhances
international
cultural
exchange.
4
Ocean
Today
serves
as
a
gate
to
the
most
useful
and
interesting
websites
and
organizations
on
ocean
science
and
culture,
to
thousands
of
ocean-based
curricula
and
educational
resources,
to
our
Ocean
Directory
of
over
18,
000
ocean
organizations
worldwide.
Our
knowledge
of
the
ocean
today
goes
beyond
the
limits
of
a
distant
horizon
and
mysterious
deep.
Through
exploration
and
scientific
research,
we
have
begun
to
learn
more
about
its
physical
elements,
its
cultural
contributions,
and
its
interaction
with
other
natural
systems-climate
and
fresh
water,
for
example-that
apply
directly
to
our
personal,
financial,
and
social
welfare.
World
Ocean
Observatory
advocates
for
the
ocean
through
independent,
responsible,
non-political
science,
and
is
dedicated
to
advancing
public
understanding
of
ocean
issues
through
institutional
cooperation
and
partnerships,
pro-active
programs,
and
connection
with
individual
subscribers
around
the
world.
Extreme
Weather
keeps
us
informed
of
the
undated
severe
weather
conditions
around
the
world,
including
vivid
images
and
reports
of
hurricanes
and
typhoons,
tsunamis
and
waves,
droughts.
How
do
CO2
emissions(排放)or
global
warming
affect
our
weather?
Is
there
a
connection
between
our
behavior
and
these
phenomena?
How
can
we
protect
ourselves
from
the
destructive
effect?
World
Ocean
Forum,
dedicated
to
voices
for
change
in
ocean
policy
and
action
worldwide,
is
linking
unexpected
people
with
unexpected
ideas
and
offering
a
knowledgeable
outlet
for
research,
opinion
and
storytelling.
To
inquire
about
becoming
a
contributing
writer,
or
to
contribute
to
our
Solutions
Within
Reach
series,
please
contact
us
at
director
.
A
contribution,
in
any
amount,
helps
to
further
advance
global
ocean
communications.
We
are
informing
millions
of
individuals
around
the
globe,
building
political
will,
and
changing
the
future
by
changing
global
perspectives
of
human
impacts
on
the
ocean
while
sharing
the
knowledge
that
the
sea
connects
all
things.
13.What
is
the
function
of
Ocean
Today?
A.An
entry
to
ocean-based
information.
B.A
platform
to
exchange
resources.
C.A
window
to
learn
more
about
ecology.
D.An
inspiration
to
explore
more
about
seas.
14.What
does
Extreme
Weather
focus
on?
A.Finding
out
the
driving
force
behind
the
nature.
B.Promoting
global
cooperation
to
a
better
world.
C.Offering
information
about
latest
weather
change.
D.Processing
data
of
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
15.If
someone
wants
to
make
his
voice
heard,
he
might
probably
choose________.
A.Ocean
Directory
B.World
Ocean
Observatory
C.Extreme
Weather
D.World
Ocean
Forum备战2021年高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练
典型技巧01
长难句的分析与理解
【技巧释义】
高考阅读理解的文章一般会有一些结构复杂的句子，增加了句子的长度和难度，干扰了学生正常的阅读速度和思维方式。
一、长难句的常见形式
1.复合句
这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句。其实，不管句子有多长、多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干主要指主谓宾结构(如：I
want
a
ticket.)或主系表结构(如：The
man
is
a
teacher.)。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。
I
urge
you
to
contact
your
state
legislators
to
move
this
legislation
forward
so
that
this
weekend
will
be
one
of
the
last
times
when
we
have
to
“fall
back”.
分析 此句的主语为I，谓语是urge,
so
that引导的结果状语从句。在结果状语从句中when引导定语从句。
2.分隔结构
高考试题中出现较多的分隔结构是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。此外，还有一些句子成分(一般是定语)过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象。
“The
results
are
pretty
exciting—strong
levels
of
reductions—but
there
clearly
are
going
to
be
things
to
be
learned
from
the
areas
where
the
reductions
are
not
as
great.”
said
Penn
State
University
professor
Elizabeth
McGraw.
提醒 分析长难句时务必注意这些非限制性修饰成分，它们打断了原来的行文逻辑，插入补充了一些额外的信息。
3.成分省略或倒装
在英语句子中，用词简洁是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。有时为了强调句子表达的重心，对句子进行倒装。
(2019·北京高考阅读)By
the
end
of
the
century,
if
not
sooner,
the
world's
oceans
will
be
bluer
and
greener
thanks
to
a
warming
climate,
according
to
a
new
study.
分析 此句正常语序为：
By
the
end
of
the
century,
if
it
is
not
sooner,
the
world's
oceans
will
be
bluer
and
greener
thanks
to
a
warming
climate,
according
to
a
new
study.
二、长难句突破策略
1.结构分析法
通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握句子的基本框架的基本步骤是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子的附属成分。
方法一：较复杂单句的处理方法——找主谓语，即找主干成分
较复杂单句在高考试卷中经常出现，所以应引起同学们的足够重视。
【真题再现】
(2020·浙江1月高考阅读C)A
key
skill
set
for
success
is
persistence
(毅力),
a
characteristic
that
researchers
say
is
heavily
influenced
by
fathers.
分析 主语是A
key
skill，谓语是is，表语是persistence,
a
characteristic是同位语，解释说明persistence。that引导同位语从句，解释名词characteristic。
方法二：并列复合句的处理方法——找并列连词
There
was
a
bit
of
me
that
didn't
want
to
love
this
when
everyone
else
on
the
planet
did,
but
the
horror
story
is
brilliant.
分析 句中的but是并列连词，连接两个并列单句。
方法三：主从复合句的处理方法——找从属连词
【真题再现】
(2020·浙江1月高考阅读C)A
key
finding
is
that
over
time,
children
raised
by
an
authoritative
father
were
significantly
more
likely
to
develop
persistence,
which
leads
to
better
outcomes
in
school.
分析 该句主语是A
key
finding,
that引导表语从句，从句中含有which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰名词persistence。
方法四：并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法——先读懂并列复合句，再看主从复合句
【真题再现】
(2019·北京高考阅读)“It'll
be
a
while
before
we
can
statistically
show
that
the
changes
are
happening
because
of
climate
change，”
Dutkiewicz
said,
“but
the
change
in
the
color
of
the
ocean
will
be
one
of
the
early
warning
signals
that
we
really
have
changed
our
planet.”
分析 but引导两个并列的主从复合句，
but前的主从复合句中是before引导的时间状语从句，该从句中show后是that引导的宾语从句；
but后的主从复合句中，主语是the
change，谓语是will
be,
that引导的同位语从句，解释说明名词signals的内容。
【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）
1
If
you
asked
me
to
dance,
I’d
probably
freeze
on
the
spot
and
some
people
say
I
have
two
left
feet!
But
with
some
persuasion
and
Dutch
courage
I
can
be
tempted
to
take
to
the
dance
floor
and
shake
some
moves-and
that,
apparently,
is
only
natural.
Experts
have
found
as
well
as
being
fun,
dancing
might
have
helped
us
to
survive
as
a
species.
Evolutionary
anthropologist(人类学家)
Bronwyn
Tarr
from
the
University
of
Oxford
believes
that
dancing
alone
is
one
thing
but
it’s
dancing
as
a
group
that
makes
our
brain
reward
us
with
a
cocktail
of
feel-good
hormones
that
change
how
we
feel
about
ourselves
and
those
around
us.
This
is
likely
to
lead
to
profound
social
effects.
It’s
keeping
paces
with
others
that
makes
us
happy.
Bronwy
Tarr
says
that
“dancing
fosters
social
closeness
between
people.
It
helps
us
build
social
connections
and
communities.
In
our
past,
those
social
connections
would
have
been
critical
for
surviving.”
Dance
is
also
a
good
way
to
keep
fit
and
improve
our
mental
health.
In
Wales
there
have
been
calls
for
doctors
to
prescribe
dance
classes
to
people
who
are
unwell.
The
Arts
Council
of
Wales
claims
there
are
many
health
benefits.
And
Bronwyn
Tarr
says
“more
and
more
we’re
actually
discovering
that
your
longevity(长寿)-your
life
expectancy-is
predicted
by
the
social
connections
that
you
have…still
today
it’s
something
we
should
do
more
of.”
It
could
be
part
of
being
a
conservative
Englishman
that
makes
me
a
reluctant
dancer.
Look
at
other
nationalities
such
as
Cubans
where
dancing
is
at
the
heart
of
their
cultural
identity.
And
in
Brazil
at
Carnival
time,
people
let
their
hair
down
by
dancing
together
day
and
night.
They
seem
to
be
having
a
good
time-so
maybe
I
should
get
on
my
feet
and
dance!
1.What
does
the
author
imply
in
the
first
paragraph?
A.He
doesn’t
like
dances.
B.He
does
not
dance
well.
C.He
lacks
confidence
in
dance.
D.He
does
everything
out
of
nature.
2.What
can
be
inferred
from
Tarr’s
words
in
Paragraph
2?
A.Dancing
alone
doesn’t
benefit
at
all.
B.Dancing
with
others
helps
people
survive.
C.It
is
funny
to
keep
paces
with
other
people.
D.It
matters
most
to
dance
on
social
occasions.
3.How
does
the
author
feel
about
dancing
in
the
last
paragraph?
A.Positive.
B.Negative.
C.Unclear.
D.Objective.
4.Which
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.What
makes
you
a
real
dancer?
B.What
can
dances
bring
us?
C.Why
do
people
love
to
dance?
D.How
can
we
dance
well?
【答案】1.B
2.B
3.A
4.C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章剖析了“人为什么要跳舞”及跳舞对种群生存的积极意义。
1.推理判断题。根据第一段中“If
you
asked
me
to
dance,
I’d
probably
freeze
on
the
spot
and
some
people
say
I
have
two
left
feet!
（如果你请我跳舞，我可能会当场呆住，人们会说我笨手笨脚的。）”可知，作者不擅长跳舞。故选B项。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中“Experts
have
found
as
well
as
being
fun,
dancing
might
have
helped
us
to
survive
as
a
species.
（专家们发现，舞蹈不仅有趣，还可能帮助我们作为一个物种生存下来。）”和“Bronwy
Tarr
says
that
“dancing
fosters
social
closeness
between
people.
It
helps
us
build
social
connections
and
communities.
In
our
past,
those
social
connections
would
have
been
critical
for
surviving.”（
Bronwy
Tarr说：“跳舞能促进人们之间的社会亲密感。它帮助我们建立社会联系和社区。在我们过去，这些社会关系对生存至关重要。”）”可知，Bronwy
Tarr认为和别人跳舞有助于人们生存。故选B项。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“They
seem
to
be
having
a
good
time-so
maybe
I
should
get
on
my
feet
and
dance!（他们似乎玩得很开心，所以也许我应该站起来跳舞！）”可知，作者对跳舞的看法是积极的。故选A项。
4.主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Experts
have
found
as
well
as
being
fun,
dancing
might
have
helped
us
to
survive
as
a
species.
（专家们发现，舞蹈不仅有趣，还可能帮助我们作为一个物种生存下来。）”和“This
is
likely
to
lead
to
profound
social
effects.
（这可能会导致深远的社会影响。）”以及第三段中“Dance
is
also
a
good
way
to
keep
fit
and
improve
our
mental
health.（舞蹈也是一个很好的方式来保持健康，改善我们的心理健康。）”可知，文章剖析了“人为什么要跳舞”及跳舞对种群生存的积极意义，因此选项C“为什么人们喜欢跳舞？”最合适作文章标题。故选C项。
2
What
do
you
do
with
old
stuff?
That
dress
you
bought
for
a
party
three
years
ago,
for
example.
You
wore
it
once
and
put
it
away
somewhere.
So,
what
to
do?
In
the
UK,
we
might
take
it
to
a
charity
shop.
The
first
charity
shops
appeared
in
Britain
in
the
19th
century.
The
Salvation
Army
was
one
of
the
first
to
run
a
second-hand
clothing
shop
to
provide
the
needy
with
affordable
clothes.
This
was
followed
by
charities
such
as
the
British
Red
Cross,
who
also
relieved
hardship
and
raised
money
for
the
war
effort
during
World
War
Two.
In
1947,
Oxfam
opened
a
charity
shop
in
High
Street,
Oxford,
which
is
the
modern
form
we
know
today.
These
days,
charity
shops
are
a
common
sight
with
around
11,
200
shops
across
the
UK,
according
to
the
Charity
Retail
Association.
During
business
hours
the
public
can
donate
their
unwanted
items
to
a
charity
shop-clothes,
books,
electronics,
furniture.
These
items
are
checked
for
wear
and
tear
and
if
found
still
serviceable,
priced
up
to
be
sold
at
a
heavily
discounted
price.
For
many,
this
is
a
win-win
situation.
To
the
charity,
it
means
a
valuable
source
of
income.
To
the
consumer,
it
provides
the
opportunity
to
buy,
often
extremely
cheap
items
and
clothes.
To
the
donator,
it
may
help
to
assuage
consumer
guilt.
“You
can
make
a
pretty
good
case
to
yourself
that
you
are
doing
good,
because
what
you
are
doing
is
going
towards
a
charitable
cause
and
you
are
saving
stuff
from
landfill(垃圾堆),”
Clare
Press,
fashion
journalist
and
sustainable
style
advocate,
tells
the
Guardian.
There
are
sometimes
hidden
treasures
for
the
buyers,
too.
Take
a
screen
print
for
example.
It
was
bought
for
99p
and
later
found
to
be
by
English
artist
Ben
Nicholson.
It
was
sold
for￡4,
200.
So
next
time
you
need
to
rid
yourself
of
something,
spare
a
thought
for
the
charity
shop-after
all,
charity
begins
at
home!
5.The
text
is
mainly
written
to________.
A.comment
on
the
benefits
of
charity
shops
B.analyze
the
popularity
of
the
UK
charities
C.list
the
names
of
the
first
UK
charity
shops
D.introduce
something
about
UK
charity
shops
6.Modern
charity
shops
might
be
run
by________.
A.British
Red
Cross
B.The
Salvation
Army
C.Oxfam
D.Charity
Retail
Association
7.What
does
the
underlined
word
“assuage”
in
Paragraph
3
probably
mean?
A.Ease.
B.Add.
C.Mix.
D.Increase.
8.What
does
the
author
advise
people
to
do
in
the
last
paragraph?
A.Get
rid
of
unwanted
items.
B.Start
charity
from
daily
life.
C.Be
environmentally
friendly.
D.Make
a
difference
for
the
future.
【答案】5.D
6.C
7.A
8.B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。介绍了英国的慈善商店，以及慈善商店带来的益处。
5.推理判断题。根据第二段内容“The
first
charity
shops
appeared
in
Britain
in
the
19th
century.
The
Salvation
Army
was
one
of
the
first
to
run
a
second-hand
clothing
shop
to
provide
the
needy
with
affordable
clothes.”（第一家慈善商店出现在19世纪的英国。救世军是最早经营二手服装店的组织之一，向有需要的人提供他们买得起的衣服。）以及第三段“For
many,
this
is
a
win-win
situation.”（对许多人来说，这是双赢的局面。）可知本文主要目的是介绍英国的慈善店。故选D。
6.细节理解题。根据第二段“In
1947,
Oxfam
opened
a
charity
shop
in
High
Street,
Oxford,
which
is
the
modern
form
we
know
today.”（1947年，牛津饥荒救济委员会在牛津的高街开了一家慈善商店，这就是我们今天所知道的现代形式。）可知，现代慈善商店可能会被Oxfam管理。故选C。
7.词句猜测题。根据前文“For
many,
this
is
a
win-win
situation.
To
the
charity,
it
means
a
valuable
source
of
income.
To
the
consumer,
it
provides
the
opportunity
to
buy,
often
extremely
cheap
items
and
clothes.”（对许多人来说，这是双赢的局面。对于慈善机构来说，这意味着一种宝贵的收入来源。对消费者来说，它提供了购买的机会，通常是非常便宜的物品和衣服。）以及后文“You
can
make
a
pretty
good
case
to
yourself
that
you
are
doing
good,
because
what
you
are
doing
is
going
towards
a
charitable
cause
and
you
are
saving
stuff
from
landfill”（你可以很好地证明自己是在做好事，因为你所做的是为了慈善事业，你是从垃圾填埋场中节省东西）可推知，可以帮助捐赠者减轻负罪感。故assuage的意思是“减轻”的意思，A项ease减轻，缓解。故选A。
8.推理判断题。根据文章最后一句话“So
next
time
you
need
to
rid
yourself
of
something,
spare
a
thought
for
the
charity
shop-after
all,
charity
begins
at
home!”（因此，下次你需要处理一些东西时，为慈善商店想一想——毕竟，慈善始于家庭!）由此判断出，作者建议慈善从家庭开始做，故选B。
3
As
the
birthplace
of
kites
in
the
world,
Weifang,
Shandong
province
of
China,
produces
beautiful,
vivid,
colorful
and
high-quality
kites.
Now,
more
than
70%
of
kites
in
the
world
are
exported
from
Weifang.
If
you
want
to
see
various
shapes
and
sizes
of
kites
covering
the
sky,
you
cannot
miss
the
Weifang
Kite
Festival
held
on
the
third
Saturday
of
every
April.
But
this
year,
tens
of
thousands
of
Chinese
participants
gathered
in
Weifang,
from
Sept
26
to
29
for
the
37th
International
Kite
Festival.
Held
since
1984,
the
International
Kite
Festival
is
an
annual
event
to
“exhibit
the
excellence
of
the
kite
lovers
to
the
public,”
according
to
the
festival's
website.
During
the
festival,
kite
lovers
can
enjoy
stunt
(特技表演)
kite
flying,
also
known
as
aerial
ballet.
Controlled
by
either
a
single
person
or
a
group,
the
kites
form
different
shapes
in
the
air.
People
always
devote
a
lot
of
time
and
wisdom
to
making
their
own
kites.
From
animals
that
crawl
(爬行)
on
the
ground
or
swim
in
the
water
to
legends
like
Monkey
King,
everything
can
fly
in
the
sky
at
the
festival.
One
of
this
year's
highlights
was
the
giant
kites
decorated
with
images
of
medical
staff
and
the
Long
March
5
rocket,
which
reflect
the
hot
topics
this
year.
“Flying
a
kite
is
like
flying
your
dream.
All
the
cultural
symbols
from
ancient
and
modem
times
can
be
found
in
the
sky
of
Weifang,”
noted
Medium.
After
more
than
three
decades
of
development,
the
festival
has
become
a
place
to
appreciate
kites.
But
most
importantly,
it
serves
as
a
unique
cultural
event
to
promote
international
exchange.
9.What
does
the
text
mainly
talk
about?
A.A
kite
festival.
B.A
kite
birthplace.
C.The
future
of
kites.
D.Kite
performances.
10.For
what
purpose
is
the
kite
festival
held
every
year?
A.To
enjoy
animals
flying
in
the
air.
B.To
show
kite-lovers'
brilliance.
C.To
perform
specialized
kite
flying.
D.To
enhance
Weifang's
global
impact.
11.What
can
be
known
from
Paragraph
3?
A.It
takes
a
lot
of
trouble
to
make
a
kite.
B.Stunt
kite
flying
is
the
only
highlight.
C.Imagination
can
be
shown
in
the
kite.
D.Decorations
matter
least
in
the
show.
12.What
is
the
most
important
role
the
festival
plays?
A.It
helps
organize
an
international
event.
B.It
offers
tips
on
how
to
appreciate
kites.
C.It
helps
make
the
place
known
worldwide.
D.It
enhances
international
cultural
exchange.
【答案】9.A
10.B
11.C
12.D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了潍坊的国际风筝节。
9.主旨大意题。根据第一段中“
If
you
want
to
see
various
shapes
and
sizes
of
kites
covering
the
sky,
you
cannot
miss
the
Weifang
Kite
Festival
held
on
the
third
Saturday
of
every
April.（如果你想看到各种形状和大小的风筝覆盖天空，你不能错过每年四月的第三个星期六举行的潍坊风筝节。）”可知，这篇文章主要介绍了潍坊的风筝节。故选A项。
10.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Held
since
1984,
the
International
Kite
Festival
is
an
annual
event
to
“exhibit
the
excellence
of
the
kite
lovers
to
the
public,”
according
to
the
festival's
website.（据国际风筝节网站介绍，自1984年以来，国际风筝节每年举行一次，目的是“向公众展示风筝爱好者的卓越才能”。）”可知，每年举行风筝节的目的是展示风筝爱好者的才能。故选B项。
11.推理判断题。根据第三段中“People
always
devote
a
lot
of
time
and
wisdom
to
making
their
own
kites.
（人们总是投入大量的时间和智慧来制作他们自己的风筝。）”可知，想象力可以在风筝上表现出来。故选C项。
12.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But
most
importantly,
it
serves
as
a
unique
cultural
event
to
promote
international
exchange.（但最重要的是，它是促进国际交流的独特文化活动。）”可知，这个节日最重要的作用是它促进了国际文化交流。故选D项。
4
Ocean
Today
serves
as
a
gate
to
the
most
useful
and
interesting
websites
and
organizations
on
ocean
science
and
culture,
to
thousands
of
ocean-based
curricula
and
educational
resources,
to
our
Ocean
Directory
of
over
18,
000
ocean
organizations
worldwide.
Our
knowledge
of
the
ocean
today
goes
beyond
the
limits
of
a
distant
horizon
and
mysterious
deep.
Through
exploration
and
scientific
research,
we
have
begun
to
learn
more
about
its
physical
elements,
its
cultural
contributions,
and
its
interaction
with
other
natural
systems-climate
and
fresh
water,
for
example-that
apply
directly
to
our
personal,
financial,
and
social
welfare.
World
Ocean
Observatory
advocates
for
the
ocean
through
independent,
responsible,
non-political
science,
and
is
dedicated
to
advancing
public
understanding
of
ocean
issues
through
institutional
cooperation
and
partnerships,
pro-active
programs,
and
connection
with
individual
subscribers
around
the
world.
Extreme
Weather
keeps
us
informed
of
the
undated
severe
weather
conditions
around
the
world,
including
vivid
images
and
reports
of
hurricanes
and
typhoons,
tsunamis
and
waves,
droughts.
How
do
CO2
emissions(排放)or
global
warming
affect
our
weather?
Is
there
a
connection
between
our
behavior
and
these
phenomena?
How
can
we
protect
ourselves
from
the
destructive
effect?
World
Ocean
Forum,
dedicated
to
voices
for
change
in
ocean
policy
and
action
worldwide,
is
linking
unexpected
people
with
unexpected
ideas
and
offering
a
knowledgeable
outlet
for
research,
opinion
and
storytelling.
To
inquire
about
becoming
a
contributing
writer,
or
to
contribute
to
our
Solutions
Within
Reach
series,
please
contact
us
at
director
.
A
contribution,
in
any
amount,
helps
to
further
advance
global
ocean
communications.
We
are
informing
millions
of
individuals
around
the
globe,
building
political
will,
and
changing
the
future
by
changing
global
perspectives
of
human
impacts
on
the
ocean
while
sharing
the
knowledge
that
the
sea
connects
all
things.
13.What
is
the
function
of
Ocean
Today?
A.An
entry
to
ocean-based
information.
B.A
platform
to
exchange
resources.
C.A
window
to
learn
more
about
ecology.
D.An
inspiration
to
explore
more
about
seas.
14.What
does
Extreme
Weather
focus
on?
A.Finding
out
the
driving
force
behind
the
nature.
B.Promoting
global
cooperation
to
a
better
world.
C.Offering
information
about
latest
weather
change.
D.Processing
data
of
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
15.If
someone
wants
to
make
his
voice
heard,
he
might
probably
choose________.
A.Ocean
Directory
B.World
Ocean
Observatory
C.Extreme
Weather
D.World
Ocean
Forum
【答案】13.A
14.C
15.D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了提供海洋信息、关注海洋问题等的组织和网站。
13.细节理解题。根据第一段“Ocean
Today
serves
as
a
gate
to
the
most
useful
and
interesting
websites
and
organizations
on
ocean
science
and
culture,
to
thousands
of
ocean-based
curricula
and
educational
resources,
to
our
Ocean
Directory
of
over
18,
000
ocean
organizations
worldwide.（《今日海洋》为人们打开关于海洋科学和文化的最有用和最有趣的网站和组织，数以千计的海洋课程和教育资源，以及我们全球18000个海洋组织的海洋目录的大门。）”可知，《今日海洋》的功能是提供海洋信息的入口。故选A项。
14.细节理解题。根据第四段中“Extreme
Weather
keeps
us
informed
of
the
undated
severe
weather
conditions
around
the
world,
including
vivid
images
and
reports
of
hurricanes
and
typhoons,
tsunamis
and
waves,
droughts.（《极端天气》使我们了解世界各地未注明日期的恶劣天气状况，包括飓风和台风、海啸和海浪、干旱的生动图像和报告。）”可知，《极端天气》的焦点是提供最新天气变化信息。故选C项。
15.推理判断题。根据第五段中“World
Ocean
Forum,
dedicated
to
voices
for
change
in
ocean
policy
and
action
worldwide,
is
linking
unexpected
people
with
unexpected
ideas
and
offering
a
knowledgeable
outlet
for
research,
opinion
and
storytelling.（《世界海洋论坛》，致力于改变全球海洋政策和行动的声音，将意想不到的人与意想不到的想法联系起来，并为研究、意见和故事提供一个知识丰富的渠道。）”可知，如果有人想让别人听到他的声音，他可能会选择《世界海洋论坛》。故选D项。
