备战2021年高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练
典型技巧12
段落大意的概括分析
【考情角度】
考情分析
自然生态类说明文中常包含人与动植物、自然与环境类主题，结构层次清晰，常为总分或总分总结构。
考查角度
常考查细节理解题、写作意图题、主旨大意题或段落大意题。
【真题再现】(2019·浙江高考·C) 主题语境：自然生态
California
has
lost
half
its
big
trees
since
the
1930s,
according
to
a
study
to
be
published
Tuesday
and
climate
change
seems
to
be
a
major
factor
(因素).
The
number
of
trees
larger
than
two
feet
across
has
declined
by
50
percent
on
more
than
46,
000
square
miles
of
California
forests,
the
new
study
finds.
No
area
was
or
，
from
the
foggy
northern
coast
to
the
Sierra
Nevada
Mountains
to
the
San
Gabriels
above
Los
Angeles.
In
the
Sierra
high
country,
the
number
of
big
trees
has
fallen
by
more
than
55
percent;
in
parts
of
southern
California
the
decline
was
nearly
75
percent.
Many
factors
contributed
to
the
decline,
said
Patrick
McIntyre,
an
ecologist
who
was
the
lead
author
of
the
study.
Woodcutters
big
trees.
Housing
development
pushed
into
the
woods.
Aggressive
wildfire
control
has
left
California
forests
crowded
with
small
trees
that
compete
with
big
trees
for
resources
(资源).
But
in
comparing
a
study
of
California
forests
done
in
the
1920s
and
1930s
with
another
one
between
2001
and
2010,
McIntyre
and
his
colleagues
a
widespread
death
of
big
trees
that
was
evident
even
in
wildlands
protected
from
woodcutting
or
development.
The
loss
of
big
trees
was
greatest
in
areas
where
trees
had
suffered
the
greatest
water
.
The
researchers
figured
out
water
stress
with
a
computer
model
that
calculated
how
much
water
trees
were
getting
how
much
they
needed,
taking
into
account
such
things
as
rainfall,
air
temperature,
of
soil,
and
the
of
snowmelt
(融雪).
Since
the
1930s,
McIntyre
said,
the
biggest
factors
water
stress
in
the
state
have
been
rising
temperatures,
which
cause
trees
to
lose
more
water
to
the
air,
and
earlier
snowmelt,
which
reduces
the
water
supply
available
to
trees
during
the
dry
season.
1.What
is
the
second
paragraph
mainly
about?
A.
The
seriousness
of
big?tree
loss
in
California.
B.
The
increasing
variety
of
California
big
trees.
C.
The
distribution
of
big
trees
in
California
forests.
D.
The
influence
of
farming
on
big
trees
in
California.
2.Which
of
the
following
is
？
A.
Ecological
studies
of
forests.
B.
Banning
woodcutting.
C.
Limiting
housing
development.
D.
Fire
control
measures.
3.What
is
a
according
to
McIntyre?
A.
Inadequate
snowmelt.
B.
A
longer
dry
season.
C.
A
warmer
climate.
D.
Dampness
of
the
air.
4.What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A.
California's
Forests:
Where
Have
All
the
Big
Trees
Gone?
B.
Cutting
of
Big
Trees
to
Be
Prohibited
in
California
Soon
C.
Why
Are
the
Big
Trees
Important
to
California
Forests?
D.
Patrick
McIntyre:
Grow
More
Big
Trees
in
California
答案与解析 1.A 2.D 3.C 4.A
1.由第二段中关键信息“declined
by
50
percent,
fallen
by
more
than
55
percent,
the
decline
was
nearly
75
percent”可知，该段主要说明树木数量减少的严重性。
2.由题干关键词bad
for
big
trees，定位原文说明的大树数量锐减的因素。由第三段最后一句过度的野火控制使加州森林长满与大树竞争的小树苗，由此可判断出答案。
3.题干关键词major
cause是原文biggest
factors的同义转述，最后一段中提到的气温升高和积雪过早融化是缺水的主要原因。由此可推出正确答案。
4.根据文章关键词lost
half
its
big
trees，结合对树木减少的原因分析可确定文章标题。
【技巧释义】抓关键词，兼顾段落首尾，定段落大意
?提出事实：加州大树数量减少
?利用数字说明加州森林树木数量锐减的现状
?第3～6段说明树林数量减少的原因：伐木建房、过度的野火控制、缺水、气候变化。
?文章多次出现decline,
loss,
fall等表“下降”的词汇，文章主题句及标题句应体现“下降”这一点。
【词汇积累】
target
vt.把……作为攻击目标
document
vt.记录
unaffected
adj.未受影响的
shortage
n.短缺
dampness
n.潮气
timing
n.时间
spare
vt.留出；匀出
in
comparison
with与……比较
drive
up迫使……快速上升
【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）
1
Think
about
what
you
did
this
morning.
You
get
out
of
bed
and
get
yourself
ready
for
the
day.Many
people
take
for
granted
the
fact
that
they
are
able
to
do
this
independently.
Imagine
for
a
moment
that
you
couldn't
dress
yourself
or
make
your
own
breakfast.
Now
imagine
if
this
is
how
you
will
wake
up
for
the
rest
of
your
life.
For
Ivy
Krause,
this
is
her
reality.
Ivy
has
a
medical
condition
known
as
Epidermolysis
Bullosa
(表皮溶解水泡症)，or
EB,
where
the
slightest
touch
can
blister
and
even
remove
her
skin.
Ivy
has
the
most
severe
form
of
EB
where
her
skin
is
affected
both
externally
and
internally.
Simple
tasks
like
going
to
the
toilet
and
getting
dressed
are
made
very
difficult.
Mobility
is
limited
as
Ivy's
skin
has
become
tight,
and
her
fingers
have
fused
together,
with
the
only
way
to
reverse
this
being
surgery.
EB
is
a
very
painful
condition,
and
what
is
most
heartbreaking
is
knowing
that
this
beautiful,
smiling,
little
girl
is
living
in
constant
extreme
pain.
This
is
where
carers
and
trained
babysitters
come
in.
Yvonne
McMullan
has
been
caring
for
Ivy
for
the
past
3
years,
and
said
it
has
been
both
the
worst
and
best
experience.
"It's
hard.
For
her,
especially
at
this
age,
she
needs
continuity
of
care.
By
having
the
same
nurses
treating
her,
Ivy
knows
that
we
love
and
care
about
her
as
much
as
she
loves
us.
But
without
being
there,
you
don't
know
just
how
sorrowful
it
is
to
see
her
in
pain.
It's
heartbreaking."
Ivy
is
a
fighter
in
almost
every
sense
of
the
word.
She
has
encouraged
so
many
people
to
give
back
to
the
community
and
donate
to
charities
who
support
the
families
of
young
children
living
with
disabilities,
even
just
to
show
appreciation
to
the
gift
of
life
and
opportunity.
Even
though
she
is
covered
with
bandages,
her
strong
will
for
life
is
moving
and
inspiring,
just
like
a
butterfly,
facing
so
many
barriers
which
still
does
its
best
to
come
out
of
the
chrysalis
(蝶蛹).
1.What
is
wrong
with
Ivy
Krause?
A.She
doesn't
know
how
to
cook.
B.She
can't
live
on
her
own.
C.She
is
particular
for
food.
D.She
is
too
lazy.
2.What
is
Paragraph
2
mainly
about?
A.The
reason
for
Ivy's
illness.
B.The
symptom
of
Ivy's
EB.
C.The
cures
of
treating
EB.
D.The
research
on
skin.
3.Which
words
can
decribe
Ivy?
A.Generous
and
encouraging.
B.Optimistic
and
grateful.
C.Ambitious
and
caring.
D.Independent
and
unselfish.
4.What
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.A
heartbroken
babysitter
B.A
strange
case
ever
found
C.A
butterfly
beneath
the
bandages
D.The
appreciation
to
the
gift
of
life
2
Fitness
junkies
(上瘾者)
locked
out
of
gyms,
commuters
(上班族)
fearful
of
public
transport,
and
families
going
crazy
inside
their
homes
during
the
coronavirus
pandemic
(冠状病毒大流行)
have
created
a
boom
(繁荣)
in
bicycle
sales
unseen
in
decades.
Bicycle
sales
over
the
past
two
months
saw
their
biggest
spike
in
the
U.S.
since
the
oil
crisis
of
the
1970s,
said
Jay
Townley,
who
analyzes
cycling
industry
trends
at
Human
Powered
Solutions.
“People
quite
frankly
have
panicked,
and
they’re
buying
bikes
like
toilet
paper,”
Townley
said,
referring
to
the
rush
to
buy
essentials
like
toilet
paper
and
hand
sanitizer
(杀菌剂)
that
stores
saw
at
the
beginning
of
the
pandemic.
The
trend
is
mirrored
around
the
globe,
as
cities
like
Manila
and
Rome,
set
up
bike
lanes
(车道)
to
accommodate
growing
interest
in
cycling
while
public
transport
remains
reduced.
In
London,
authorities
plan
to
go
further
by
banning
cars
from
some
central
highways.
There
are
multiple
reasons
for
the
pandemic
bicycle
boom.
Around
the
world,
many
workers
were
looking
for
an
alternative
to
buses
and
subways.
People
unable
to
go
to
their
gyms
looked
for
another
way
to
exercise.
And
shut-in
families
tried
to
find
a
way
to
keep
kids
active
during
stay-at-home
orders.
The
pandemic
is
also
driving
a
boom
in
electric-assist
bikes,
called
e-bikes,
which
were
a
minor
part
of
the
overall
market
until
now.
Sales
at
Cowboy,
a
Belgian
e-bike
maker,
tripled
(三倍增长)
in
the
January-April
period
from
last
year.
Notably,
they
spiked
in
Britain
and
France
at
around
the
same
time
in
May
that
those
countries
started
easing
lockdown
restrictions,
said
Chief
Marketing
Officer
Benoit
Simeray.
Joe
Minutolo,
co-owner
of
Bar
Harbor
Bicycle
Shop,
said
he
hopes
the
sales
growth
translates
into
long-term
change.
“People
are
having
a
chance
to
rethink
things,”
he
said.
“Maybe
we'll
all
learn
something
out
of
this,
and
something
really
good
will
happen.”
5.What
does
the
underlined
word
“spike”
in
Paragraph
2
probably
mean?
A.Decline.
B.Restriction.
C.Increase.
D.Disappearance.
6.What
can
be
known
about
Manila
and
Rome?
A.Bike
Lanes
are
set
up
for
cyclists.
B.Locals
still
rush
to
buy
toilet
paper.
C.Cars
are
banned
from
some
main
roads.
D.E-bikes
sell
much
better
than
other
categories.
7.What
does
Paragraph
4
mainly
talk
about?
A.The
appearance
of
e-bikes.
B.The
reasons
for
the
bicycle
boom.
C.The
daily
activities
of
shut-in
families.
D.The
traffic
conditions
around
the
world.
8.What
is
the
main
purpose
of
the
text?
A.To
encourage
readers
to
buy
bicycles.
B.To
inform
readers
of
the
bicycle
boom.
C.To
present
attitudes
towards
the
bicycle
boom.
D.To
introduce
the
new
development
of
bicycles.
3
Next
time
you
go
on
holiday,
it's
going
to
feel
pretty
different.
You
may
have
to
wear
a
face
mask.
And
that
means
getting
your
point
across
in
an
unfamiliar
language—all
while
keeping
your
mouth
covered—could
become
a
bit
of
a
problem.
That's
where
the
C-mask,
by
Japanese
company
Donut
Robotics,
comes
in.
It's
a
smart,
Internet-connected
mouth
covering
that
can
make
calls,
raise
the
wearer’s
voice,
and
most
helpfully
for
travelers,
translate
conversations
into
eight
different
languages.
If
need
be,
you
simply
place
it
over
a
standard
face
mask
and
connect
it
via
Bluetooth
to
a
smartphone.
A
special
app
will
then
allow
you
to
record
live
conversations,
turn
them
into
text
and
translate
them
into
English,
Chinese,
French,
Korean,
Thai,
Indonesian,
Spanish
or
Vietnamese
(currently
only
from
Japanese)—making
it
easy
to
understand
what
people
are
saying.
It
won't
actually
speak
the
translated
phrases
for
you,
but
it
does
have
a
built-in
amplifier（扩音器）to
help
you
make
yourself
heard.
“We
worked
hard
for
years
to
develop
a
robot
and
we
have
used
what
we've
researched
to
create
a
product
that
responds
to
how
COVID-19
has
reshaped
society,''
Donut's
CEO
recently
told
reporters.
The
firm
has
already
raised
more
than
28
million
yen
via
crowdfunding
to
develop
the
product,
which
will
go
on
sale
for
3
,980
yen
in
Japan.
There
are
all
manner
of
fashionable,
eco-friendly
masks
you
can
now
get
your
hands
on—
check
out
these
in
London,
Singapore
and
Barcelona.
But
in
creating
an
affordable,
high-tech
mask,
Donut
could
well
be
on
to
something.
9.The
C-mask
is
developed
to
_______.
A.seek
fashion.
B.reshape
society.
C.replace
cellphones.
D.promote
communication.
10.What’s
the
main
idea
of
Paragraph
3?
A.How
the
C-mask
speaks.
B.How
the
C-mask
works.
C.What
advantages
the
C-mask
brings.
D.What
languages
the
C-mask
translates.
11.What
does
the
underlined
phrase
"be
on
to
something"
in
the
last
paragraph
mean?
A.take
a
look.
B.earn
a
living.
C.make
a
difference.
D.issue
a
warning.
12.In
which
column
of
a
website
do
we
probably
read
this
text?
A.Health.
B.Tourism.
C.Fashion.
D.Technology.
4
What
if
the
Moon
had
never
existed?
For
starters
we
know
that
the
geophysical
and
climatological
history
of
the
Earth
would
have
been
different.
Although
there
is
still
large
uncertainty
about
how
the
Moon
was
formed,
the
most
currently
favored
theory
describes
a
disastrous
collision
between
the
Earth
and
another
planetary
object.
That
event
forever
changed
many
aspects
of
the
Earth's
evolution.
For
example,
with
a
relatively
large
natural
satellite
putting
gravitational
tidal
forces
(潮汐力)
on
it,
the
Earth's
spin
behavior
has
been
quite
different
than
it
would
have
been
otherwise.
Day
length
has
increased
more
rapidly
than
without
a
moon.
And
the
natural
changes
in
the
direction
of
the
Earth's
spin
axis
(轴)-its
poles-have
been
less
than
they
would
have
been
otherwise.
A
shorter
day
length
and
axial
variations
like
these
would
have
changed
the
Earth's
climate
history,
and
almost
certainly
have
changed
the
way
any
life
evolved.
But
if
a
species
like
us
had
still
appeared,
its
landscape
for
space
exploration
would
also
have
been
completely
different.
Without
a
large
natural
satellite,
a
mere
quarter
of
a
million
miles
away,
there
would
have
been
no
"easy"
trip
to
make
to
another
world.
If
there
had
been
a
first
human
mission
to
another
world,
it
would
likely
have
been
to
Mars.
But
this
would
surely
have
called
for
far
more
extensive
designing
of
spacecraft
and
life-support
systems
for
deep
space.
Perhaps
instead
the
initial
focus
would
have
been
entirely
on
Earth-orbiting
equipment
for
people
and
robotic
missions
to
other
worlds.
Or,
maybe
the
attraction
of
the
seemingly
near
impossible
would
still
have
encouraged
these
humans
from
an
alternate
reality
to
take
the
great
leap
to
Mars
as
their
first
step
outwards.
It
is
of
course,
impossible
to
know
exactly
what
our
world
would
really
be
like
without
the
Moon-both
physically,
and
in
terms
of
human
exploration.
But
one
thing
does
seem
clear:
we
probably
take
our
natural
satellite's
existence
far
too
much
for
granted.
Not
every
inhabited
planet
in
the
universe
will
have
its
own
ready-made
gateway
to
the
universe.
13.Why
does
the
author
use
the
question
at
the
very
beginning?
A.To
introduce
the
widely
accepted
theory.
B.To
mention
the
destructive
collision.
C.To
prove
a
wrong
assumption.
D.To
attract
readers'
interest.
14.What
does
the
author
intend
to
do
in
Paragraph
2?
A.Compare
day
lengths
in
different
climates.
B.Introduce
the
evolution
of
life
on
the
Earth.
C.Explain
why
the
Earth's
spin
behavior
remains.
D.Show
how
the
Moon
greatly
influences
the
Earth.
15.What
does
the
underlined
word
"this"
in
Paragraph
3
refer
to?
A.The
Earth's
evolution.
B.The
mission
to
Mars.
C.The
trip
to
the
Moon.
D.Earth-orbiting
equipment.
16.What's
the
author's
purpose
in
writing
the
text?
A.To
call
on
people
to
study
the
Earth.
B.To
stress
the
significance
of
the
Moon.
C.To
speak
highly
of
human
exploration.
D.To
prove
assumptions
about
moonless
Earth.备战2021年高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练
典型技巧12
段落大意的概括分析
【考情角度】
考情分析
自然生态类说明文中常包含人与动植物、自然与环境类主题，结构层次清晰，常为总分或总分总结构。
考查角度
常考查细节理解题、写作意图题、主旨大意题或段落大意题。
【真题再现】(2019·浙江高考·C) 主题语境：自然生态
California
has
lost
half
its
big
trees
since
the
1930s,
according
to
a
study
to
be
published
Tuesday
and
climate
change
seems
to
be
a
major
factor
(因素).
The
number
of
trees
larger
than
two
feet
across
has
declined
by
50
percent
on
more
than
46,
000
square
miles
of
California
forests,
the
new
study
finds.
No
area
was
or
，
from
the
foggy
northern
coast
to
the
Sierra
Nevada
Mountains
to
the
San
Gabriels
above
Los
Angeles.
In
the
Sierra
high
country,
the
number
of
big
trees
has
fallen
by
more
than
55
percent;
in
parts
of
southern
California
the
decline
was
nearly
75
percent.
Many
factors
contributed
to
the
decline,
said
Patrick
McIntyre,
an
ecologist
who
was
the
lead
author
of
the
study.
Woodcutters
big
trees.
Housing
development
pushed
into
the
woods.
Aggressive
wildfire
control
has
left
California
forests
crowded
with
small
trees
that
compete
with
big
trees
for
resources
(资源).
But
in
comparing
a
study
of
California
forests
done
in
the
1920s
and
1930s
with
another
one
between
2001
and
2010,
McIntyre
and
his
colleagues
a
widespread
death
of
big
trees
that
was
evident
even
in
wildlands
protected
from
woodcutting
or
development.
The
loss
of
big
trees
was
greatest
in
areas
where
trees
had
suffered
the
greatest
water
.
The
researchers
figured
out
water
stress
with
a
computer
model
that
calculated
how
much
water
trees
were
getting
how
much
they
needed,
taking
into
account
such
things
as
rainfall,
air
temperature,
of
soil,
and
the
of
snowmelt
(融雪).
Since
the
1930s,
McIntyre
said,
the
biggest
factors
water
stress
in
the
state
have
been
rising
temperatures,
which
cause
trees
to
lose
more
water
to
the
air,
and
earlier
snowmelt,
which
reduces
the
water
supply
available
to
trees
during
the
dry
season.
1.What
is
the
second
paragraph
mainly
about?
A.
The
seriousness
of
big?tree
loss
in
California.
B.
The
increasing
variety
of
California
big
trees.
C.
The
distribution
of
big
trees
in
California
forests.
D.
The
influence
of
farming
on
big
trees
in
California.
2.Which
of
the
following
is
？
A.
Ecological
studies
of
forests.
B.
Banning
woodcutting.
C.
Limiting
housing
development.
D.
Fire
control
measures.
3.What
is
a
according
to
McIntyre?
A.
Inadequate
snowmelt.
B.
A
longer
dry
season.
C.
A
warmer
climate.
D.
Dampness
of
the
air.
4.What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A.
California's
Forests:
Where
Have
All
the
Big
Trees
Gone?
B.
Cutting
of
Big
Trees
to
Be
Prohibited
in
California
Soon
C.
Why
Are
the
Big
Trees
Important
to
California
Forests?
D.
Patrick
McIntyre:
Grow
More
Big
Trees
in
California
答案与解析 1.A 2.D 3.C 4.A
1.由第二段中关键信息“declined
by
50
percent,
fallen
by
more
than
55
percent,
the
decline
was
nearly
75
percent”可知，该段主要说明树木数量减少的严重性。
2.由题干关键词bad
for
big
trees，定位原文说明的大树数量锐减的因素。由第三段最后一句过度的野火控制使加州森林长满与大树竞争的小树苗，由此可判断出答案。
3.题干关键词major
cause是原文biggest
factors的同义转述，最后一段中提到的气温升高和积雪过早融化是缺水的主要原因。由此可推出正确答案。
4.根据文章关键词lost
half
its
big
trees，结合对树木减少的原因分析可确定文章标题。
【技巧释义】抓关键词，兼顾段落首尾，定段落大意
?提出事实：加州大树数量减少
?利用数字说明加州森林树木数量锐减的现状
?第3～6段说明树林数量减少的原因：伐木建房、过度的野火控制、缺水、气候变化。
?文章多次出现decline,
loss,
fall等表“下降”的词汇，文章主题句及标题句应体现“下降”这一点。
【词汇积累】
target
vt.把……作为攻击目标
document
vt.记录
unaffected
adj.未受影响的
shortage
n.短缺
dampness
n.潮气
timing
n.时间
spare
vt.留出；匀出
in
comparison
with与……比较
drive
up迫使……快速上升
【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）
1
Think
about
what
you
did
this
morning.
You
get
out
of
bed
and
get
yourself
ready
for
the
day.Many
people
take
for
granted
the
fact
that
they
are
able
to
do
this
independently.
Imagine
for
a
moment
that
you
couldn't
dress
yourself
or
make
your
own
breakfast.
Now
imagine
if
this
is
how
you
will
wake
up
for
the
rest
of
your
life.
For
Ivy
Krause,
this
is
her
reality.
Ivy
has
a
medical
condition
known
as
Epidermolysis
Bullosa
(表皮溶解水泡症)，or
EB,
where
the
slightest
touch
can
blister
and
even
remove
her
skin.
Ivy
has
the
most
severe
form
of
EB
where
her
skin
is
affected
both
externally
and
internally.
Simple
tasks
like
going
to
the
toilet
and
getting
dressed
are
made
very
difficult.
Mobility
is
limited
as
Ivy's
skin
has
become
tight,
and
her
fingers
have
fused
together,
with
the
only
way
to
reverse
this
being
surgery.
EB
is
a
very
painful
condition,
and
what
is
most
heartbreaking
is
knowing
that
this
beautiful,
smiling,
little
girl
is
living
in
constant
extreme
pain.
This
is
where
carers
and
trained
babysitters
come
in.
Yvonne
McMullan
has
been
caring
for
Ivy
for
the
past
3
years,
and
said
it
has
been
both
the
worst
and
best
experience.
"It's
hard.
For
her,
especially
at
this
age,
she
needs
continuity
of
care.
By
having
the
same
nurses
treating
her,
Ivy
knows
that
we
love
and
care
about
her
as
much
as
she
loves
us.
But
without
being
there,
you
don't
know
just
how
sorrowful
it
is
to
see
her
in
pain.
It's
heartbreaking."
Ivy
is
a
fighter
in
almost
every
sense
of
the
word.
She
has
encouraged
so
many
people
to
give
back
to
the
community
and
donate
to
charities
who
support
the
families
of
young
children
living
with
disabilities,
even
just
to
show
appreciation
to
the
gift
of
life
and
opportunity.
Even
though
she
is
covered
with
bandages,
her
strong
will
for
life
is
moving
and
inspiring,
just
like
a
butterfly,
facing
so
many
barriers
which
still
does
its
best
to
come
out
of
the
chrysalis
(蝶蛹).
1.What
is
wrong
with
Ivy
Krause?
A.She
doesn't
know
how
to
cook.
B.She
can't
live
on
her
own.
C.She
is
particular
for
food.
D.She
is
too
lazy.
2.What
is
Paragraph
2
mainly
about?
A.The
reason
for
Ivy's
illness.
B.The
symptom
of
Ivy's
EB.
C.The
cures
of
treating
EB.
D.The
research
on
skin.
3.Which
words
can
decribe
Ivy?
A.Generous
and
encouraging.
B.Optimistic
and
grateful.
C.Ambitious
and
caring.
D.Independent
and
unselfish.
4.What
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.A
heartbroken
babysitter
B.A
strange
case
ever
found
C.A
butterfly
beneath
the
bandages
D.The
appreciation
to
the
gift
of
life
【答案】1.B2.B3.B4.C
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。身患表皮溶解水泡症的Ivy生活不能自理，每天生活在痛苦之中，但也依然对生活充满希望，鼓励他人回报社会。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段的“
Imagine
for
a
moment
that
you
couldn't
dress
yourself
or
make
your
own
breakfast.
Now
imagine
if
this
is
how
you
will
wake
up
for
the
rest
of
your
life.
For
Ivy
Krause,
this
is
her
reality.”（想象一下，你不能自己穿衣，也不能自己做早餐。再想象一下，如果这就是你余生醒来的方式。对Ivy
Krause来说，这就是她的现实）可知，Ivy
Krause生活不能自理。故选B。
2.主旨大意题。根据第二段的主要内容，尤其“Ivy
has
the
most
severe
form
of
EB
where
her
skin
is
affected
both
externally
and
internally.
......
Mobility
is
limited
as
Ivy's
skin
has
become
tight,
and
her
fingers
have
fused
together,
”（Ivy患有最严重的一种表皮溶解水泡症，她的内外皮肤都受到了影响。......行动受到限制，因为Ivy的皮肤已经变得非常紧绷，她的手指也已经融合再一起）可知，本段主要陈述Ivy的表皮溶解水泡症的症状。故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“By
having
the
same
nurses
treating
her,
Ivy
knows
that
we
love
and
care
about
her
as
much
as
she
loves
us.”（通过让相同的护士看护她，Ivy知道我们对她的爱和关心正如她爱我们一样多）可知，虽然身患疾病，但Ivy还是对周围的人表达出爱意，由此可知她很乐观。根据最后一段的“She
has
encouraged
so
many
people
to
give
back
to
the
community
and
donate
to
charities
who
support
the
families
of
young
children
living
with
disabilities,
even
just
to
show
appreciation
to
the
gift
of
life
and
opportunity.”（她鼓励很多人回馈社会，向帮助残疾儿童家庭的慈善机构捐款，即使只是为了表达对生命和机会的感谢）可知，即使身患疾病Ivy仍然鼓励他人回馈社会，由此可知，Ivy是一个感恩的人。综上所述，Ivy是一个乐观且知道感恩的人，故选B。
4.主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容可知，本文主要讲述身患表皮溶解水泡症的Ivy生活不能自理，每天生活在痛苦之中，但也依然对生活充满希望，病鼓励他人回报社会。再结合最后一段的“Even
though
she
is
covered
with
bandages,
her
strong
will
for
life
is
moving
and
inspiring,
just
like
a
butterfly,
facing
so
many
barriers
which
still
does
its
best
to
come
out
of
the
chrysalis
(蝶蛹).”（尽管身体缠满绷带，但她坚强的生命意志却令人感动，让人振奋。Ivy就像一只蝴蝶，面对重重阻碍，她仍努力冲破茧的束缚）可知，虽然全身缠满绷带，她就像是裹在茧里的蝴蝶，凭借顽强的毅力破茧而出。由此可知，“绷带下的蝴蝶”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C。
2
Fitness
junkies
(上瘾者)
locked
out
of
gyms,
commuters
(上班族)
fearful
of
public
transport,
and
families
going
crazy
inside
their
homes
during
the
coronavirus
pandemic
(冠状病毒大流行)
have
created
a
boom
(繁荣)
in
bicycle
sales
unseen
in
decades.
Bicycle
sales
over
the
past
two
months
saw
their
biggest
spike
in
the
U.S.
since
the
oil
crisis
of
the
1970s,
said
Jay
Townley,
who
analyzes
cycling
industry
trends
at
Human
Powered
Solutions.
“People
quite
frankly
have
panicked,
and
they’re
buying
bikes
like
toilet
paper,”
Townley
said,
referring
to
the
rush
to
buy
essentials
like
toilet
paper
and
hand
sanitizer
(杀菌剂)
that
stores
saw
at
the
beginning
of
the
pandemic.
The
trend
is
mirrored
around
the
globe,
as
cities
like
Manila
and
Rome,
set
up
bike
lanes
(车道)
to
accommodate
growing
interest
in
cycling
while
public
transport
remains
reduced.
In
London,
authorities
plan
to
go
further
by
banning
cars
from
some
central
highways.
There
are
multiple
reasons
for
the
pandemic
bicycle
boom.
Around
the
world,
many
workers
were
looking
for
an
alternative
to
buses
and
subways.
People
unable
to
go
to
their
gyms
looked
for
another
way
to
exercise.
And
shut-in
families
tried
to
find
a
way
to
keep
kids
active
during
stay-at-home
orders.
The
pandemic
is
also
driving
a
boom
in
electric-assist
bikes,
called
e-bikes,
which
were
a
minor
part
of
the
overall
market
until
now.
Sales
at
Cowboy,
a
Belgian
e-bike
maker,
tripled
(三倍增长)
in
the
January-April
period
from
last
year.
Notably,
they
spiked
in
Britain
and
France
at
around
the
same
time
in
May
that
those
countries
started
easing
lockdown
restrictions,
said
Chief
Marketing
Officer
Benoit
Simeray.
Joe
Minutolo,
co-owner
of
Bar
Harbor
Bicycle
Shop,
said
he
hopes
the
sales
growth
translates
into
long-term
change.
“People
are
having
a
chance
to
rethink
things,”
he
said.
“Maybe
we'll
all
learn
something
out
of
this,
and
something
really
good
will
happen.”
5.What
does
the
underlined
word
“spike”
in
Paragraph
2
probably
mean?
A.Decline.
B.Restriction.
C.Increase.
D.Disappearance.
6.What
can
be
known
about
Manila
and
Rome?
A.Bike
Lanes
are
set
up
for
cyclists.
B.Locals
still
rush
to
buy
toilet
paper.
C.Cars
are
banned
from
some
main
roads.
D.E-bikes
sell
much
better
than
other
categories.
7.What
does
Paragraph
4
mainly
talk
about?
A.The
appearance
of
e-bikes.
B.The
reasons
for
the
bicycle
boom.
C.The
daily
activities
of
shut-in
families.
D.The
traffic
conditions
around
the
world.
8.What
is
the
main
purpose
of
the
text?
A.To
encourage
readers
to
buy
bicycles.
B.To
inform
readers
of
the
bicycle
boom.
C.To
present
attitudes
towards
the
bicycle
boom.
D.To
introduce
the
new
development
of
bicycles.
【答案】5.C6.A7.B8.B
【分析】
本文是说明文。在冠状病毒大流行期间催生了几十年来未见的自行车销售热潮。
5.词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Bicycle
sales
over
the
past
two
months
saw
their
biggest
spike
in
the
U.S.
since
the
oil
crisis
of
the
1970s(在美国，过去两个月里自行车销售见证了自20世纪70年代石油危机以来的巨大spike)”和““People
quite
frankly
have
panicked,
and
they’re
buying
bikes
like
toilet
paper,”
Townley
said,
referring
to
the
rush
to
buy
essentials
like
toilet
paper
and
hand
sanitizer
(杀菌剂).(Townley
said说：“坦白说，人们已经恐慌了，他们像买厕纸一样购买自行车”，他的意思是人们争相抢购生活必需品，例如厕纸、杀菌剂)”可知，在冠状病毒大流行期间人们感到恐慌，像抢购生活必需品一样争相抢购自行车。由此可知，在过去的两个月里自行车销量大涨，即划线词的意思是“上涨”。故选C。
6.细节理解题。根据第三段的“The
trend
is
mirrored
around
the
globe,
as
cities
like
Manila
and
Rome,
set
up
bike
lanes
to
accommodate
growing
interest
in
cycling
while
public
transport
remains
reduced.(这一趋势在全球各地都得到了反映，例如Manila和罗马等城市建立了自行车道，以满足人们对骑车日益增长的兴趣，而公共交通仍然在减少)”可知，在Manila和Rome建了自行车车道。故选A。
7.主旨大意题。分析段落结构可知，本段是总——分结构，即第一句为中心句。根据第一句“There
are
multiple
reasons
for
the
pandemic
bicycle
boom.(自行车大流行的热潮有多种原因)”可知，本段主要说明自行车销售热潮的各种原因。故选B。
8.推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段的“families
going
crazy
inside
their
homes
during
the
coronavirus
pandemic
(冠状病毒大流行)
have
created
a
boom
(繁荣)
in
bicycle
sales
unseen
in
decades.(冠状病毒大流行在室内待到发疯的家庭创造了几十年来前所未见的自行车销售热潮)”可知，本文是说明文，旨在向读者介绍在冠状病毒大流行期间出现的自行车销售热潮现象。故选B。
3
Next
time
you
go
on
holiday,
it's
going
to
feel
pretty
different.
You
may
have
to
wear
a
face
mask.
And
that
means
getting
your
point
across
in
an
unfamiliar
language—all
while
keeping
your
mouth
covered—could
become
a
bit
of
a
problem.
That's
where
the
C-mask,
by
Japanese
company
Donut
Robotics,
comes
in.
It's
a
smart,
Internet-connected
mouth
covering
that
can
make
calls,
raise
the
wearer’s
voice,
and
most
helpfully
for
travelers,
translate
conversations
into
eight
different
languages.
If
need
be,
you
simply
place
it
over
a
standard
face
mask
and
connect
it
via
Bluetooth
to
a
smartphone.
A
special
app
will
then
allow
you
to
record
live
conversations,
turn
them
into
text
and
translate
them
into
English,
Chinese,
French,
Korean,
Thai,
Indonesian,
Spanish
or
Vietnamese
(currently
only
from
Japanese)—making
it
easy
to
understand
what
people
are
saying.
It
won't
actually
speak
the
translated
phrases
for
you,
but
it
does
have
a
built-in
amplifier（扩音器）to
help
you
make
yourself
heard.
“We
worked
hard
for
years
to
develop
a
robot
and
we
have
used
what
we've
researched
to
create
a
product
that
responds
to
how
COVID-19
has
reshaped
society,''
Donut's
CEO
recently
told
reporters.
The
firm
has
already
raised
more
than
28
million
yen
via
crowdfunding
to
develop
the
product,
which
will
go
on
sale
for
3
,980
yen
in
Japan.
There
are
all
manner
of
fashionable,
eco-friendly
masks
you
can
now
get
your
hands
on—
check
out
these
in
London,
Singapore
and
Barcelona.
But
in
creating
an
affordable,
high-tech
mask,
Donut
could
well
be
on
to
something.
9.The
C-mask
is
developed
to
_______.
A.seek
fashion.
B.reshape
society.
C.replace
cellphones.
D.promote
communication.
10.What’s
the
main
idea
of
Paragraph
3?
A.How
the
C-mask
speaks.
B.How
the
C-mask
works.
C.What
advantages
the
C-mask
brings.
D.What
languages
the
C-mask
translates.
11.What
does
the
underlined
phrase
"be
on
to
something"
in
the
last
paragraph
mean?
A.take
a
look.
B.earn
a
living.
C.make
a
difference.
D.issue
a
warning.
12.In
which
column
of
a
website
do
we
probably
read
this
text?
A.Health.
B.Tourism.
C.Fashion.
D.Technology.
【答案】9.D10.B11.C12.D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本Donut
Robotics研发的一种可以促进交流的高科技智能口罩，包括它的工作原理和市场等。
9.推理判断题。根据一段的“You
may
have
to
wear
a
face
mask.
And
that
means
getting
your
point
across
in
an
unfamiliar
language—all
while
keeping
your
mouth
covered—could
become
a
bit
of
a
problem.
”（你不得不带上口罩。那就意味着要用一种不熟悉的语言表达你的观点——同时你的嘴要捂住——这可能是一个问题。）以及第二段的“That's
where
the
C-mask,
by
Japanese
company
Donut
Robotics,
comes
in.”（这就是日本Donut
Robotics公司生产C-mask发挥作用的地方。）可推知，研发C-mask主要是为了促进交流。故选D。
10.主旨大意题。根据第三段的“If
need
be,
you
simply
place
it
over
a
standard
face
mask
and
connect
it
via
Bluetooth
to
a
smartphone.
A
special
app
will
then
allow
you
to
record
live
conversations,
turn
them
into
text
and
translate
them
into
English,
Chinese,
French,
Korean,
Thai,
Indonesian,
Spanish
or
Vietnamese
(currently
only
from
Japanese)”（如果有需要，你只需要将它戴在标准的口罩上，并通过蓝牙连接到智能手机上。然后，一个特殊的应用程序将允许你记录现场对话，把它们转化成文本和翻译成英语、中文、法语、韩语、泰语、印尼语、西班牙语或者越南语（目前只限日语））可知，本段主要讲述了C-mask的工作原理。故选B。
11.词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“There
are
all
manner
of
fashionable,
eco-friendly
masks
you
can
now
get
your
hands
on—
check
out
these
in
London,
Singapore
and
Barcelona.
But
in
creating
an
affordable,
high-tech
mask,
Donut
could
well
be
on
to
something.”可知，你可以在伦敦、新加坡和巴塞罗那买到各种时尚、环保的口罩。但开发一个负担得起的、高科技的口罩，Donut可能非常be
on
to
something。根据句意可知，上下文为转折意义，上文说时尚环保的口罩随处能买，故推测Donut公司研发价格合理的高科技口罩真的是非常了不起的，能给人们带来了很大的影响。即划线部分的意思是“有影响”。故选C。
12.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“That's
where
the
C-mask,
by
Japanese
company
Donut
Robotics,
comes
in.
It's
a
smart,
Internet-connected
mouth
covering
that
can
make
calls,
raise
the
wearers’
voice,
and
most
helpfully
for
travelers,
translate
conversations
into
eight
different
languages.”(这就是日本Donut
Robotics公司生产C-mask发挥作用的地方。这种智能联网的口罩可以打电话、提高佩戴者的声音，同时也为旅行者提供了帮助，可以将谈话翻译成八种语言。)可知，文章主要介绍了一种高科技的智能口罩，属于科技范畴，因此本文很有可能出现在网页的科技版面。故选D。
4
What
if
the
Moon
had
never
existed?
For
starters
we
know
that
the
geophysical
and
climatological
history
of
the
Earth
would
have
been
different.
Although
there
is
still
large
uncertainty
about
how
the
Moon
was
formed,
the
most
currently
favored
theory
describes
a
disastrous
collision
between
the
Earth
and
another
planetary
object.
That
event
forever
changed
many
aspects
of
the
Earth's
evolution.
For
example,
with
a
relatively
large
natural
satellite
putting
gravitational
tidal
forces
(潮汐力)
on
it,
the
Earth's
spin
behavior
has
been
quite
different
than
it
would
have
been
otherwise.
Day
length
has
increased
more
rapidly
than
without
a
moon.
And
the
natural
changes
in
the
direction
of
the
Earth's
spin
axis
(轴)-its
poles-have
been
less
than
they
would
have
been
otherwise.
A
shorter
day
length
and
axial
variations
like
these
would
have
changed
the
Earth's
climate
history,
and
almost
certainly
have
changed
the
way
any
life
evolved.
But
if
a
species
like
us
had
still
appeared,
its
landscape
for
space
exploration
would
also
have
been
completely
different.
Without
a
large
natural
satellite,
a
mere
quarter
of
a
million
miles
away,
there
would
have
been
no
"easy"
trip
to
make
to
another
world.
If
there
had
been
a
first
human
mission
to
another
world,
it
would
likely
have
been
to
Mars.
But
this
would
surely
have
called
for
far
more
extensive
designing
of
spacecraft
and
life-support
systems
for
deep
space.
Perhaps
instead
the
initial
focus
would
have
been
entirely
on
Earth-orbiting
equipment
for
people
and
robotic
missions
to
other
worlds.
Or,
maybe
the
attraction
of
the
seemingly
near
impossible
would
still
have
encouraged
these
humans
from
an
alternate
reality
to
take
the
great
leap
to
Mars
as
their
first
step
outwards.
It
is
of
course,
impossible
to
know
exactly
what
our
world
would
really
be
like
without
the
Moon-both
physically,
and
in
terms
of
human
exploration.
But
one
thing
does
seem
clear:
we
probably
take
our
natural
satellite's
existence
far
too
much
for
granted.
Not
every
inhabited
planet
in
the
universe
will
have
its
own
ready-made
gateway
to
the
universe.
13.Why
does
the
author
use
the
question
at
the
very
beginning?
A.To
introduce
the
widely
accepted
theory.
B.To
mention
the
destructive
collision.
C.To
prove
a
wrong
assumption.
D.To
attract
readers'
interest.
14.What
does
the
author
intend
to
do
in
Paragraph
2?
A.Compare
day
lengths
in
different
climates.
B.Introduce
the
evolution
of
life
on
the
Earth.
C.Explain
why
the
Earth's
spin
behavior
remains.
D.Show
how
the
Moon
greatly
influences
the
Earth.
15.What
does
the
underlined
word
"this"
in
Paragraph
3
refer
to?
A.The
Earth's
evolution.
B.The
mission
to
Mars.
C.The
trip
to
the
Moon.
D.Earth-orbiting
equipment.
16.What's
the
author's
purpose
in
writing
the
text?
A.To
call
on
people
to
study
the
Earth.
B.To
stress
the
significance
of
the
Moon.
C.To
speak
highly
of
human
exploration.
D.To
prove
assumptions
about
moonless
Earth.
【答案】13.D14.D15.B16.B
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章强调了月球对地球的重大影响和重要性。
【详解】
1.推理判断题。根据第一段“What
if
the
Moon
had
never
existed?
For
starters
we
know
that
the
geophysical
and
climatological
history
of
the
Earth
would
have
been
different.
Although
there
is
still
large
uncertainty
about
how
the
Moon
was
formed,
the
most
currently
favored
theory
describes
a
disastrous
collision
between
the
Earth
and
another
planetary
object.”（如果月球从未存在过呢?首先，我们知道地球的地球物理和气候学历史会有所不同。尽管月球是如何形成的还存在很大的不确定性，但目前最受欢迎的理论描述了地球和另一个行星物体之间的灾难性碰撞。）可知，作者做出假设“如果没有月球，地球会如何”以及讨论月球的形成原因从而引起读者兴趣。故选D。
2.推理判断题。第二段中作者描述了月球改变了地球进化的各个方面，并且举了例子。再根据最后一句“A
shorter
day
length
and
axial
variations
like
these
would
have
changed
the
Earth's
climate
history,
and
almost
certainly
have
changed
the
way
any
life
has
evolved.”（像这样更短的白昼长度和轴向变化将会改变地球的气候历史，几乎肯定会改变任何生命进化的方式。）可知，第二段作者是想描述月亮对地球的影响有多大。故选D。
3.词义猜测题。根据第三段第三句“
If
there
had
been
a
first
human
mission
to
another
world,
it
would
likely
have
been
to
Mars.
”（如果人类第一次去另一个世界执行任务的话，很可能是去火星。）可知this指“去火星的任务”，故选B。
4.主旨大意题。文中前三段的假设皆在说明月球对地球和人类很重要，最后一段强调没有月球的世界难以想象。所以作者是想要强调月球的重要性。故选B项。
