备战2021年高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练
典型技巧05
隐含信息的逻辑推理
【考情角度】
考情分析
人物故事类记叙文通过叙述有意义的小故事介绍某人的事迹，多按照时间先后顺序进行叙述，偶尔也有倒叙或插叙的情况，倒叙是为突出某个重要的表现，中心思想的部分并将其提到前面叙述，然后再按事件原来的发展顺序叙述。
考查角度
常考查隐含推断题，细节理解题，有时也考查人物性格题。
【真题再现】 (2019·北京高考·B) 主题语境：对社会有突出贡献的人
Alice
Moore
is
a
teenager
entrepreneur
(创业者),
who
in
May
2015
set
up
her
business
AilieCandy.
By
the
time
she
was
13,
her
company
was
worth
millions
of
dollars
with
the
invention
of
a
super?sweet
that
could
save
kids'
teeth,
instead
of
destroying
them.
It
all
began
when
Moore
visited
a
bank
with
her
dad.
On
the
outing,
she
was
offered
a
candy
bar.
However,
her
dad
reminded
her
that
sugary
treats
were
bad
for
her
teeth.
But
Moore
was
sick
of
candies.
So
she
desired
to
the
warning,
“Why
can't
I
make
a
healthy
candy
that's
good
for
my
teeth
so
that
my
parents
can't
say
no
to
it？”
With
that
in
mind,
Moore
asked
her
dad
if
she
could
start
her
own
candy
company.
He
recommended
that
she
do
some
research
and
talk
to
dentists
about
what
a
healthier
candy
would
contain.
With
her
dad's
permission,
she
spent
the
next
two
years
researching
online
and
conducting
trials
to
get
a
recipe
that
was
both
tasty
and
.
She
also
approached
dentists
to
learn
more
about
teeth
cleaning.
Consequently,
she
succeeded
in
making
a
kind
of
candy
only
using
natural
sweeteners,
which
can
reduce
oral
bacteria.
Moore
then
used
her
savings
to
get
her
business
off
the
ground.
Afterwards,
she
and
her
father
their
first
business
meeting
with
a
supermarket
owner,
who
finally
agreed
to
sell
Moore's
product—CanCandy.
As
CanCandy's
success
grows,
so
does
Moore's
as
a
young
entrepreneur.
Moore
is
enthusiastic
about
the
candy
she
created,
and
she's
also
positive
about
what
the
future
might
bring.
She
hopes
that
every
kid
can
have
a
clean
mouth
and
a
smile.
Meanwhile,
with
her
parents'
help,
Moore
is
generally
able
to
live
a
normal
teenage
life.
Although
she
founded
her
company
early
on
in
life,
she
wasn't
primarily
by
.
Moore
wants
to
use
her
unique
talent
to
help
others
find
their
smiles.
She
donates
10%
of
AilieCandy's
profits
to
Big
Smiles.
With
her
talent
and
determination,
it
appears
that
the
sky
could
be
the
limit
for
Alice
Moore.
1.How
did
Moore
？
A.
She
argued
with
him.
B.
She
tried
to
find
a
way
out.
C.
She
paid
no
attention.
D.
She
chose
to
consult
dentists.
2.What
is
about
CanCandy?
A.
It
is
beneficial
to
dental
health.
B.
It
is
free
of
sweeteners.
C.
It
is
sweeter
than
other
candies.
D.
It
is
produced
to
a
dentists'
recipe.
3.What
does
Moore
？
A.
To
earn
more
money.
B.
To
help
others
find
smiles.
C.
To
make
herself
stand
out.
D.
To
beat
other
candy
companies.
4.What
can
we
？
A.
Fame
is
a
great
thirst
of
the
young.
B.
A
youth
is
to
be
regarded
with
respect.
C.
Positive
thinking
and
action
result
in
success.
D.
Success
means
getting
personal
desires
satisfied.
【答案与解析】 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C
1.由关键词“her
dad's
warning”定位到第二段第五句，可推出Moore想制造出对牙齿无害的糖果。
2.由第三段对糖果特点的描述可知答案。
3.由第五段最后一句可判断Moore对自己事业的期望。expect是原文hopes的同义替换。
4.由倒叙描写中的父亲提出警告→引发思考→做出努力→成功，不难推出正确答案。
【词汇积累】
profit
n.利润
tooth?friendly
adj.对牙无害的
credibility
n.可信性
treat
n.美味，难得的享受
secure
vt.得到
broad
adj.灿烂的
drive
vt.驱使
miss
out
on错过
get
around
克服(困难/问题)
get
off
the
ground开始获得成功；取得进展
【技巧释义】逻辑分析推断隐含信息
?叙述故事结果
研发成功糖果，成为年轻有为的创业者
?倒叙研发过程
①叙述研发糖果缘由(第2段)
父亲的警告引发Moore思考
②研发糖果所付出的努力和糖果特点(第3段)
关键词：tasty,
tooth?friendly,
natural
sweeteners,
reduce
oral
bacteria(可解第2题)
父亲的警告(糖果对牙齿有害)→Moore不想没有糖果→想避开这个警告→开自己的糖果公司(可解第1题)
③父亲提供的帮助
助力Moore的公司成功(第4段)
?Moore的生活态度
利用自己独特的才能给他人带去快乐的决心(可解第3题)
【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）
If
you
have
spent
any
time
reading
papers
on
teaching
strategies
in
the
past
few
years,
you
have
probably
noticed
a
strong
backlash
against
drill
&
practice,
in
favor
of
“constructivist
activities”
and
“project-based
learning”.
Memorizing
facts,
many
people
argue,
is
an
outdated
educational
practice,
since
anyone
could
just
Google
a
fact
on
demand
or
look
it
up
on
Wikipedia
nowadays.
They
consider
that
we
should
focus
all
school
activities
on
the
acquisition
of
skills
as
opposed
to
knowledge.
However,
learning
by
rote
(memorization
by
repetition)
is
more
important
than
you
think.
There
are
many
cases
in
which
having
knowledge
immediately
on
the
tip
of
your
tongue
can
have
great
social
and
professional
value.
For
example,
last
night
at
a
networking
event,
when
I
casually
asked
a
Nigerian
entrepreneur
how
much
of
his
business
was
conducted
in
English
versus
in
his
native
Yoruba,
he
immediately
became
more
engaged
in
our
conversation.
It
was
as
if
the
simple
fact
that
I
knew
that
Yoruba
was
spoken
in
Nigeria
won
his
trust,
and
therefore
built
up
our
relationship.
The
same
goes
for
professional
settings.
If
I
am
a
pharmaceutical
salesman
talking
to
a
doctor
about
a
specific
digestion
drug,
and
he
asks
if
it
has
any
effect
on
the
process
of
peristalsis,
it
will
look
quite
unprofessional
if
I
have
to
pull
out
my
medical
dictionary
to
look
up
the
word.
I
need
to
memorize
those
facts
so
that
I
can
access
them
immediately.
Of
course,
most
constructivist
educators
will
argue
that
on-the-job
training
and
project-based
learning
are
more
effective
at
learning
new
concepts
than
rote
memorization.
The
problem
is
that
no
single
cost-effective
constructivist
activity
will
guarantee
that
you
will
be
exposed
to
all
the
concepts
you
need,
or
that
you
will
fully
remember
the
facts
that
you
are
exposed
to.
If
you
actually
want
to
acquire
a
full
range
of
knowledge
about
a
given
topic,
the
most
guaranteed
and
efficient
way
is
to
study
deliberately
using
the
time-honored
practice
of
repetition—specifically
confidence-based
repetition.
1.Which
of
the
following
is
the
most
popular
teaching
method
now?
A.Drill
&
practice.
B.Memorizing
facts.
C.Constructivist
activities.
D.Confidence-based
repetition.
2.What
does
the
underlined
word
“backlash”
in
paragraph
1
refer
to?
A.Outdated
idea.
B.Negative
reaction.
C.Educational
standard.
D.Official
support.
3.Why
is
the
author’s
communication
with
a
Nigerian
entrepreneur
mentioned?
A.To
show
the
value
of
knowing
about
Yoruba.
B.To
support
his
argument
for
learning
by
rote.
C.To
introduce
effective
communication
skills.
D.To
prove
the
power
of
having
a
wide
range
of
knowledge.
4.What
does
the
author
think
about
project-based
learning?
A.It
is
of
limited
value
in
learning
new
concepts.
B.It
is
an
efficient
way
to
learn
a
new
concept.
C.It
should
be
combined
with
a
full
range
of
knowledge.
D.It
will
be
replaced
by
the
time-honored
practice
of
repetition.
【答案】1.C2.B3.B4.A
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文中作者主要就如今流行的一种强烈的反对练习和实践，支持“建构主义活动”和“基于项目的学习”的教学方式提出了自己的看法。作者认为死记硬背的学习方式仍然重要，同时指出了上述这两种教学方法存在的一些问题。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段“If
you
have
spent
any
time
reading
papers
on
teaching
strategies
in
the
past
few
years,
you
have
probably
noticed
a
strong
backlash
against
drill
&
practice,
in
favor
of
‘constructivist
activities’
and
‘project-based
learning’.(如果你在过去几年里花时间阅读过关于教学策略的论文，你可能已经注意到现在有一种强烈的反对练习和实践的思潮，它支持‘建构主义活动’和‘基于项目的学习’)”可知，建构主义活动是现在最流行的教学方法。故选C。
2.词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“against
drill
&
practice,
in
favor
of
‘constructivist
activities’
and
‘project-based
learning’”可知，如今的一种思潮反对练习和实践的思潮，支持“建构主义活动”和“基于项目的学习”，即画线词意思为“反对”与B选项意思最为接近。故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段“However,
learning
by
rote
(memorization
by
repetition)
is
more
important
than
you
think.
....”可推知，作者提到与尼日利亚企业家的交流，是为了支持他通过死记硬背学习的观点。故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Of
course,
most
constructivist
educators
will
argue
that
on-the-job
training
and
project-based
learning
are
more
effective
at
learning
new
concepts
than
rote
memorization.
...”可推知，作者认为基于项目的学习在学习新概念方面的价值是有限的。故选A。
2
Some
people
asked
me
how
I
could
suggest
the
expenses
of
billions
of
dollars
for
a
voyage
to
Mars,
at
a
time
when
many
children
on
this
Earth
are
starving
to
death.
I
know
that
they
do
not
expect
an
answer
such
as
"Oh,
I
did
not
know
that
there
are
children
dying
from
hunger,
but
from
now
on
I
will
stop
any
kind
of
space
research
until
mankind
has
solved
that
problem!
"In
fact,
I
have
known
of
this
long
before.
But
I
firmly
believe
that
by
working
for
the
space
program
we
can
make
some
contributions
to
the
relief
and
eventual
solution
of
such
serious
problems
as
poverty
and
hunger
on
the
earth.
Two
basic
factors
causing
the
poverty
and
hunger
problems
are
the
production
of
food
and
the
distribution（分布）of
food.
In
fact,
large
areas
of
land
could
be
used
far
better
if
efficient
methods
of
farming,
fertilizer
use,
weather
forecasting,
field
section,
planting,
crop
surveys,
harvest
planning
and
so
on
were
applied.
The
best
tool
for
the
improvement
of
all
these
methods
undoubtedly
is
the
artificial.
Earth
satellite
Circling
the
globe
at
a
high
altitude,
it
can
screen
wide
areas
of
land
with
a
short
time;
it
can
observe
and
measure
a
large
variety
of
factors
indicating
the
status
and
condition
of
crops,
soil,
droughts,
rainfall,
snow
cover,
etc.
Besides,
in
modern
society,
there
is
a
continuing
great
need
for
new
basic
knowledge
in
science
if
we
wish
to
improve
the
conditions
of
human
life
on
the
earth.
We
need
more
knowledge
in
physics
and
chemistry,
in
biology
and
physiology,
and
particularly
in
medicine
to
cope
with
all
these
problems
which
threaten
man's
life:
hunger,
disease,
overpopulation,
pollution
of
water
and
the
environment.
In
a
way,
the
space
age
not
only
holds
out
a
mirror
in
which
we
can
see
ourselves,
it
also
provides
us
with
the
technologies.
5.The
passage
is
mainly
discussing
about
.
A.whether
the
children's
dying
from
hunger
is
the
major
problem
B.whether
there
is
an
effective
way
to
avoid
the
global
starvation
C.whether
the
author's
suggestion
has
been
taken
into
serious
consideration
D.whether
it
is
worth
spending
much
money
on
the
space
research
6.According
to
the
author,
what
plays
an
important
part
in
dealing
with
poverty
and
hunger?
A.Food
supply.
B.Methods
of
farming.
C.Government
D.Modern
technology.
7.From
the
last
paragraph,
we
can
infer
that
.
A.more
basic
knowledge
is
required
to
be
learned
B.technologies
can
help
to
improve
our
living
quality
C.we
can
live
a
more
peaceful
and
happier
life
D.there
are
different
views
on
the
space
age
【答案】5.D
6.A
7.B
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。当世界上许多孩子正面临着饥饿的时候,是否应该花巨资进行太空研究呢“对这一问题,作者在本篇文章指出造成贫困和饥饿，并说明了进行太空探索的必要性。
5.主旨大意题。文章第1段中，作者在深知在地球上仍有大量儿童死于饥饿的今天，仍坚持认为应将大量的经费用于太空探索；根据第二段中But
I
firmly
believe
that
by
working
for
the
space
program
we
can
make
some
contributions
to
the
relief
and
eventual
solution
of
such
serious
problems
as
poverty
and
hunger
on
the
earth.（但是我坚信，通过为太空项目而努力，我们可以为缓解并最终解决地球上贫穷和饥饿等严重问题做出一些贡献。）可知本段内容是作者在详细阐述太空项目如何帮助解决地球上的贫穷和饥饿等问题；根据第3段第一句Besides,
in
modern
society,
there
is
a
continuing
great
need
for
new
basic
knowledge
in
science
if
we
wish
to
improve
the
conditions
of
human
life
on
the
earth.（此外，在现代社会中，如果我们想要改善地球上人类生活的条件，就会持续地需要新的科学基础知识。）和最后一句中the
space
age
also
provides
us
with
the
technologies.（它还为我们提供技术。）可知，太空技术能提供改善地球人类生活条件所必须的新技术。综上所述，文章主要在讨论一个问题，即把更多的金钱花费在探索太空方面是否值得。故选D。
6.细节理解题。根据第二段中Two
basic
factors
causing
the
poverty
and
hunger
problems
are
the
production
of
food
and
the
distribution（分布）of
food.（造成贫穷和饥饿问题的两个基本因素是粮食生产和粮食分配。）可知在处理贫困和饥饿中起重要作用的是食物的供给。故选A项。
7.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的in
modern
society,
there
is
a
continuing
great
need
for
new
basic
knowledge
in
science
if
we
wish
to
improve
the
conditions
of
human
life
on
the
earth.
（在现代社会，如果我们想要改善地球上人类生活的条件，就会持续地需要新的科学基础知识）可知，新的科学基础知识可以让我们改善生活质量。而新的科学基础知识又可以产生新科技，所以可推断，科技可以改善我们的生活质量。故选B。
3
Growing
up,
we
are
constantly
reminded
that
young
people
are
heavily
affected
by
technology.
We
are
the
“antisocial
club”,
those
who
prefer
to
text
our
friends
in
the
same
room
rather
than
make
eye
contact
with
them.
And
even
though
never-ending
studies
reveal
to
us
the
extent
of
our
social
media
addiction,
we
should
at
least
consider
that
it’s
not
only
our
young
people’s
problem
any
more.
There’s
the
rise
of
the
Instagram
mums,
who
like
to
post
an
abundance
of
cute
baby
pictures,
share
their
mom
feelings
along
the
way
and
show
their
wonderful
lifestyles.
They
are
the
so-called
“Facebook
mum
generation”,
a
growing
group
of
parents
that
like
to
overshare.
While
all
of
this
might
be
fine,
and
even
a
little
humorous,
new
research
suggests
that
parents’
technology
addiction
is
negatively
affecting
their
children’s
behavior.
According
to
the
study,
40%
of
mothers
and
32%
of
fathers
have
admitted
having
some
sort
of
phone
addiction.
This
has
led
to
a
significant
fall
in
verbal
interactions
within
families
and
even
a
decline
in
mothers’
encouraging
their
children.
There
is
no
denying
that
I
get
annoyed
when
receiving
the
words
“I’ll
be
with
you
soon”
from
a
parent,
when
all
I
want
to
do
is
ask
one
question.
But,
at
the
same
time,
every
day
leaving
the
room
to
wait
until
my
father
is
finished
with
his
“serious
business”
(Farmville),
has
now
become
the
norm.
Whether
you
want
to
escape
your
disturbing
children
for
a
bit,
or
want
to
stay
up
late
flicking
through
Twitter,
know
that
wanting
to
do
all
of
these
is
normal.
We,
your
children,
know
how
addictive
it
can
be
and
how
difficult
it
is
to
switch
off.
But
before
telling
us
to
put
our
phones
away
at
the
table
or
even
worse,
listing
statistics
of
how
damaging
social
media
can
be
for
us,
maybe
lead
by
example,
considering
how
much
time
you
spend
on
the
phone
and
how
this
is
impacting
your
children
and
your
relationship
with
us.
Maybe
in
this
way
we
can
work
on
our
addiction
together.
8.From
Paragraph
1,
we
can
know
that
teenagers
nowadays
________.
A.enjoy
socializing
with
their
friends
B.send
messages
to
their
friends
every
day
C.hate
to
make
eye
contact
with
their
friends
D.are
heavily
addicted
to
their
mobile
phones
9.What
does
the
author
think
of
mums’
oversharing?
A.Boring.
B.Selfish.
C.Funny.
D.Meaningful.
10.The
underlined
word
“norm”
in
Paragraph
4
probably
means
________.
A.security
B.standard
C.routine
D.custom
11.What’s
the
main
purpose
of
the
article?
A.To
share
the
author’s
own
experience
with
the
readers.
B.To
call
on
parents
to
get
rid
of
their
own
media
addiction.
C.To
reveal
that
parents
are
always
addicted
to
mobile
phones.
D.To
show
the
author’s
dissatisfaction
with
parents’
phone
use.
【答案】8.D
9.C
10.C
11.B
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。如今青少年有严重沉迷手机的现象，但新的研究表明，父母对科技产品的沉迷会对孩子的行为产生负面影响。这导致家庭内部语言交流的显著减少，甚至母亲鼓励孩子的次数也减少了。因此作者呼吁家长们摆脱对手机的沉迷。
8.细节理解题。根据第一段“Growing
up,
we
are
constantly
reminded
that
young
people
are
heavily
affected
by
technology.
We
are
the
‘antisocial
club’,
those
who
prefer
to
text
our
friends
in
the
same
room
rather
than
make
eye
contact
with
them.
And
even
though
never-ending
studies
reveal
to
us
the
extent
of
our
social
media
addiction,
we
should
at
least
consider
that
it’s
not
only
our
young
people’s
problem
any
more.(在成长的过程中，我们经常被提醒，年轻人深受科技的影响。我们是‘反社交俱乐部’，那些宁愿在同一个房间里给朋友发短信，也不愿和他们进行眼神交流的人。尽管永无止境的研究向我们揭示了我们对社交媒体上瘾的程度，但我们至少应该考虑到，这不再是年轻人的问题)”可知，如今的青少年严重沉迷于他们的手机。故选D。
9.推理判断题。根据第二段“There’s
the
rise
of
the
Instagram
mums,
who
like
to
post
an
abundance
of
cute
baby
pictures,
share
their
mom
feelings
along
the
way
and
show
their
wonderful
lifestyles.
They
are
the
so-called
‘Facebook
mum
generation’,
a
growing
group
of
parents
that
like
to
overshare.(
Instagram上的妈妈们越来越多，她们喜欢上传大量可爱宝宝的照片，一边分享妈妈的感受，一边展示自己美好的生活方式。她们就是所谓的‘脸书妈妈一代’，这是一个越来越多的喜欢过度分享的父母群体)”以及第三段“While
all
of
this
might
be
fine,
and
even
a
little
humorous”（虽然这一切可能都很好，甚至有点可笑）可推知，作者认为妈妈们的过度分享是滑稽可笑的，其中humorous是关键词，故选C。
10.词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Whether
you
want
to
escape
your
disturbing
children
for
a
bit,
or
want
to
stay
up
late
flicking
through
Twitter,
know
that
wanting
to
do
all
of
these
is
normal.(不管你是想逃离孩子们的打扰，还是想熬夜浏览推特，你都要知道想做这些是很正常的)”可知，每天离开房间等待父亲做完
"正经事"（Farmville），现在已经成了一种常态。故画线词意思是“惯例，常规”。A.
security安全；B.
standard标准；C.
routine惯例；D.
custom习俗。故选C。
11.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But
before
telling
us
to
put
our
phones
away
at
the
table
or
even
worse,
listing
statistics
of
how
damaging
social
media
can
be
for
us,
maybe
lead
by
example,
considering
how
much
time
you
spend
on
the
phone
and
how
this
is
impacting
your
children
and
your
relationship
with
us.
Maybe
in
this
way
we
can
work
on
our
addiction
together.(
但是，在告诉我们把手机收起来放在桌子上，或者更糟糕的是，列出社交媒体对我们有多大伤害的统计数据之前，也许可以以身作则，考虑一下你花在手机上的时间有多长，这对你的孩子以及你和我们的关系有什么影响。也许通过这种方式，我们可以一起努力解决我们的成瘾问题)”可推知，这篇文章的目的是呼吁家长们摆脱对媒体的沉迷。故选B。
4
The
human
brain
remembers
negative
experiences
more
easily
than
positive
ones.
Our
brains
have
developed
in
this
way
because
threats,
like
dangerous
animal,
have
a
more
immediate
effect
on
people's
survival
compared
to
positive
things
like
food
or
shelter.
As
a
result,
you
clearly
know
what
makes
you
unhappy,
but
do
you
know
what
makes
you
happy?
Research
suggests
that
our
level
of
happiness
is
partly
shaped
by
the
choices
we
make.
If
you've
been
chasing
wealth,
fame,
power
and
some
material
things,
you
may
be
looking
for
happiness
in
the
wrong
places.
Psychologists
suggest
that
the
following
habits
can
make
people
happier.
People
who
own
close
relationships
tend
to
be
happier
than
those
who
do
not.
The
number
of
our
friends
is
not
important.
What
matters
is
the
quality
of
our
relationships.
Relationships
that
bring
happiness
usually
consist
of
the
sharing
of
feelings,
acceptance,
mutual
respect
and
trust.
People
who
exercise
regularly
can
improve
both
their
physical
and
mental
well-being.
Some
research
has
shown
that
exercise
can
be
as
effective
as
some
medicine
in
treating
depression.
If
we
are
so
interested
in
an
activity,
we
may
lose
track
of
time,
and
we
can
be
in
a
state
of
flow.
The
activity
could
be
playing
the
piano,
surfing
the
Internet
or
playing
a
game.
People
who
experience
flow
in
their
work
or
life
tend
to
be
happier.
People
are
more
likely
to
be
happy
if
they
know
what
their
strengths
are
and
can
use
them
regularly.
People
are
especially
happy
when
they
can
set
goals
and
use
their
strengths
to
achieve
them.
People,
who
think
positively
by
being
grateful,
mindful
and
optimistic,
are
more
likely
to
be
happy.
Being
grateful
means
being
thankful.
Being
mindful
means
considering,
focusing
on,
and
enjoying
the
experiences
of
the
present
moment.
Being
optimistic
means
being
hopeful
about
the
future.
12.Human
brains
remember
negative
things
more
easily
because
negative
things_________.
A.tend
to
affect
human
survival
immediately
B.are
much
more
important
than
other
thing
C.can
make
people
live
much
happier
D.are
easy
to
remember
13.According
to
this
passage,
people
may
find
happiness
in______________
A.being
famous
B.setting
life
goals
C.chasing
power
D.earning
money
14.In
the
last
paragraph,
the
author
tries
to
tell
us
to____________.
A.think
more
about
our
future
B.focus
on
everything
in
our
life
C.be
positive
in
our
life
and
work
D.only
enjoy
the
present
moment
15.What
does
the
passage
mainly
want
to
tell
us?
A.Why
people
remember
positive
things
easily.
B.Why
people
remember
negative
things
easily.
C.What
makes
people
happy.
D.What
makes
people
sad.
【答案】12.A
13.B
14.C
15.C
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章作者介绍了生活中的哪些事情可以让我们快乐，同时告诉我们应该积极地对待生活和工作。
12.细节理解题。根据第一段“The
human
brain
remembers
negative
experiences
more
easily
than
positive
ones.
Our
brains
have
developed
in
this
way
because
threats,
like
dangerous
animals,
have
a
more
immediate
effect
on
people’s
survival
compared
to
positive
things
like
food
or
shelter.”（人类的大脑比起积极的记忆更容易记住消极的经历。我们的大脑之所以以这种方式发展，是因为威胁，比如危险的动物，比食物或住所等积极的东西对人类的生存有更直接的影响）可知人脑更容易记住消极的东西是因为消极的事情往往会立即影响人类的生存。故选A。
13.细节理解题。由文章第六段“People
are
especially
happy
when
they
can
set
goals
and
use
their
strengths
to
achieve
them.”（当人们能够设定目标并利用自己的优势去实现目标时，他们会特别开心。）可知人们在设置生活目标的时候可能会发现快乐。故选B项。
14.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“People,
who
think
positively
by
being
grateful,
mindful
and
optimistic,
are
more
likely
to
be
happy.
Being
grateful
means
being
thankful.
Being
mindful
means
considering,
focusing
on,
and
enjoying
the
experiences
of
the
present
moment.
Being
optimistic
means
being
hopeful
about
the
future.”（通过感恩、留心和乐观积极思考的人更有可能快乐。感谢意味着感恩。正念意味着思考、专注并享受当下的经历。乐观意味着对未来充满希望。）可知，最后一段作者讲述积极乐观的人感恩，专注，乐观，更容易快乐。故选C项。
15.主旨大意题。根据第一段“As
a
result,
you
clearly
know
what
makes
you
unhappy,
but
do
you
know
what
makes
you
happy?”（因此，你清楚地知道什么使你不快乐，但你知道什么使你快乐吗?）结合下文，作者在文中介绍了几种会让人更快乐的方式，如建立亲密关系，锻炼，感恩，专注，乐观积极的生活态度等。所以文章主要告诉我们什么会让我们感觉到快乐，故选C项。备战2021年高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练
典型技巧05
隐含信息的逻辑推理
【考情角度】
考情分析
人物故事类记叙文通过叙述有意义的小故事介绍某人的事迹，多按照时间先后顺序进行叙述，偶尔也有倒叙或插叙的情况，倒叙是为突出某个重要的表现，中心思想的部分并将其提到前面叙述，然后再按事件原来的发展顺序叙述。
考查角度
常考查隐含推断题，细节理解题，有时也考查人物性格题。
【真题再现】 (2019·北京高考·B) 主题语境：对社会有突出贡献的人
Alice
Moore
is
a
teenager
entrepreneur
(创业者),
who
in
May
2015
set
up
her
business
AilieCandy.
By
the
time
she
was
13,
her
company
was
worth
millions
of
dollars
with
the
invention
of
a
super?sweet
that
could
save
kids'
teeth,
instead
of
destroying
them.
It
all
began
when
Moore
visited
a
bank
with
her
dad.
On
the
outing,
she
was
offered
a
candy
bar.
However,
her
dad
reminded
her
that
sugary
treats
were
bad
for
her
teeth.
But
Moore
was
sick
of
candies.
So
she
desired
to
the
warning,
“Why
can't
I
make
a
healthy
candy
that's
good
for
my
teeth
so
that
my
parents
can't
say
no
to
it？”
With
that
in
mind,
Moore
asked
her
dad
if
she
could
start
her
own
candy
company.
He
recommended
that
she
do
some
research
and
talk
to
dentists
about
what
a
healthier
candy
would
contain.
With
her
dad's
permission,
she
spent
the
next
two
years
researching
online
and
conducting
trials
to
get
a
recipe
that
was
both
tasty
and
.
She
also
approached
dentists
to
learn
more
about
teeth
cleaning.
Consequently,
she
succeeded
in
making
a
kind
of
candy
only
using
natural
sweeteners,
which
can
reduce
oral
bacteria.
Moore
then
used
her
savings
to
get
her
business
off
the
ground.
Afterwards,
she
and
her
father
their
first
business
meeting
with
a
supermarket
owner,
who
finally
agreed
to
sell
Moore's
product—CanCandy.
As
CanCandy's
success
grows,
so
does
Moore's
as
a
young
entrepreneur.
Moore
is
enthusiastic
about
the
candy
she
created,
and
she's
also
positive
about
what
the
future
might
bring.
She
hopes
that
every
kid
can
have
a
clean
mouth
and
a
smile.
Meanwhile,
with
her
parents'
help,
Moore
is
generally
able
to
live
a
normal
teenage
life.
Although
she
founded
her
company
early
on
in
life,
she
wasn't
primarily
by
.
Moore
wants
to
use
her
unique
talent
to
help
others
find
their
smiles.
She
donates
10%
of
AilieCandy's
profits
to
Big
Smiles.
With
her
talent
and
determination,
it
appears
that
the
sky
could
be
the
limit
for
Alice
Moore.
1.How
did
Moore
？
A.
She
argued
with
him.
B.
She
tried
to
find
a
way
out.
C.
She
paid
no
attention.
D.
She
chose
to
consult
dentists.
2.What
is
about
CanCandy?
A.
It
is
beneficial
to
dental
health.
B.
It
is
free
of
sweeteners.
C.
It
is
sweeter
than
other
candies.
D.
It
is
produced
to
a
dentists'
recipe.
3.What
does
Moore
？
A.
To
earn
more
money.
B.
To
help
others
find
smiles.
C.
To
make
herself
stand
out.
D.
To
beat
other
candy
companies.
4.What
can
we
？
A.
Fame
is
a
great
thirst
of
the
young.
B.
A
youth
is
to
be
regarded
with
respect.
C.
Positive
thinking
and
action
result
in
success.
D.
Success
means
getting
personal
desires
satisfied.
【答案与解析】 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C
1.由关键词“her
dad's
warning”定位到第二段第五句，可推出Moore想制造出对牙齿无害的糖果。
2.由第三段对糖果特点的描述可知答案。
3.由第五段最后一句可判断Moore对自己事业的期望。expect是原文hopes的同义替换。
4.由倒叙描写中的父亲提出警告→引发思考→做出努力→成功，不难推出正确答案。
【词汇积累】
profit
n.利润
tooth?friendly
adj.对牙无害的
credibility
n.可信性
treat
n.美味，难得的享受
secure
vt.得到
broad
adj.灿烂的
drive
vt.驱使
miss
out
on错过
get
around
克服(困难/问题)
get
off
the
ground开始获得成功；取得进展
【技巧释义】逻辑分析推断隐含信息
?叙述故事结果
研发成功糖果，成为年轻有为的创业者
?倒叙研发过程
①叙述研发糖果缘由(第2段)
父亲的警告引发Moore思考
②研发糖果所付出的努力和糖果特点(第3段)
关键词：tasty,
tooth?friendly,
natural
sweeteners,
reduce
oral
bacteria(可解第2题)
父亲的警告(糖果对牙齿有害)→Moore不想没有糖果→想避开这个警告→开自己的糖果公司(可解第1题)
③父亲提供的帮助
助力Moore的公司成功(第4段)
?Moore的生活态度
利用自己独特的才能给他人带去快乐的决心(可解第3题)
【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）
If
you
have
spent
any
time
reading
papers
on
teaching
strategies
in
the
past
few
years,
you
have
probably
noticed
a
strong
backlash
against
drill
&
practice,
in
favor
of
“constructivist
activities”
and
“project-based
learning”.
Memorizing
facts,
many
people
argue,
is
an
outdated
educational
practice,
since
anyone
could
just
Google
a
fact
on
demand
or
look
it
up
on
Wikipedia
nowadays.
They
consider
that
we
should
focus
all
school
activities
on
the
acquisition
of
skills
as
opposed
to
knowledge.
However,
learning
by
rote
(memorization
by
repetition)
is
more
important
than
you
think.
There
are
many
cases
in
which
having
knowledge
immediately
on
the
tip
of
your
tongue
can
have
great
social
and
professional
value.
For
example,
last
night
at
a
networking
event,
when
I
casually
asked
a
Nigerian
entrepreneur
how
much
of
his
business
was
conducted
in
English
versus
in
his
native
Yoruba,
he
immediately
became
more
engaged
in
our
conversation.
It
was
as
if
the
simple
fact
that
I
knew
that
Yoruba
was
spoken
in
Nigeria
won
his
trust,
and
therefore
built
up
our
relationship.
The
same
goes
for
professional
settings.
If
I
am
a
pharmaceutical
salesman
talking
to
a
doctor
about
a
specific
digestion
drug,
and
he
asks
if
it
has
any
effect
on
the
process
of
peristalsis,
it
will
look
quite
unprofessional
if
I
have
to
pull
out
my
medical
dictionary
to
look
up
the
word.
I
need
to
memorize
those
facts
so
that
I
can
access
them
immediately.
Of
course,
most
constructivist
educators
will
argue
that
on-the-job
training
and
project-based
learning
are
more
effective
at
learning
new
concepts
than
rote
memorization.
The
problem
is
that
no
single
cost-effective
constructivist
activity
will
guarantee
that
you
will
be
exposed
to
all
the
concepts
you
need,
or
that
you
will
fully
remember
the
facts
that
you
are
exposed
to.
If
you
actually
want
to
acquire
a
full
range
of
knowledge
about
a
given
topic,
the
most
guaranteed
and
efficient
way
is
to
study
deliberately
using
the
time-honored
practice
of
repetition—specifically
confidence-based
repetition.
1.Which
of
the
following
is
the
most
popular
teaching
method
now?
A.Drill
&
practice.
B.Memorizing
facts.
C.Constructivist
activities.
D.Confidence-based
repetition.
2.What
does
the
underlined
word
“backlash”
in
paragraph
1
refer
to?
A.Outdated
idea.
B.Negative
reaction.
C.Educational
standard.
D.Official
support.
3.Why
is
the
author’s
communication
with
a
Nigerian
entrepreneur
mentioned?
A.To
show
the
value
of
knowing
about
Yoruba.
B.To
support
his
argument
for
learning
by
rote.
C.To
introduce
effective
communication
skills.
D.To
prove
the
power
of
having
a
wide
range
of
knowledge.
4.What
does
the
author
think
about
project-based
learning?
A.It
is
of
limited
value
in
learning
new
concepts.
B.It
is
an
efficient
way
to
learn
a
new
concept.
C.It
should
be
combined
with
a
full
range
of
knowledge.
D.It
will
be
replaced
by
the
time-honored
practice
of
repetition.
2
Some
people
asked
me
how
I
could
suggest
the
expenses
of
billions
of
dollars
for
a
voyage
to
Mars,
at
a
time
when
many
children
on
this
Earth
are
starving
to
death.
I
know
that
they
do
not
expect
an
answer
such
as
"Oh,
I
did
not
know
that
there
are
children
dying
from
hunger,
but
from
now
on
I
will
stop
any
kind
of
space
research
until
mankind
has
solved
that
problem!
"In
fact,
I
have
known
of
this
long
before.
But
I
firmly
believe
that
by
working
for
the
space
program
we
can
make
some
contributions
to
the
relief
and
eventual
solution
of
such
serious
problems
as
poverty
and
hunger
on
the
earth.
Two
basic
factors
causing
the
poverty
and
hunger
problems
are
the
production
of
food
and
the
distribution（分布）of
food.
In
fact,
large
areas
of
land
could
be
used
far
better
if
efficient
methods
of
farming,
fertilizer
use,
weather
forecasting,
field
section,
planting,
crop
surveys,
harvest
planning
and
so
on
were
applied.
The
best
tool
for
the
improvement
of
all
these
methods
undoubtedly
is
the
artificial.
Earth
satellite
Circling
the
globe
at
a
high
altitude,
it
can
screen
wide
areas
of
land
with
a
short
time;
it
can
observe
and
measure
a
large
variety
of
factors
indicating
the
status
and
condition
of
crops,
soil,
droughts,
rainfall,
snow
cover,
etc.
Besides,
in
modern
society,
there
is
a
continuing
great
need
for
new
basic
knowledge
in
science
if
we
wish
to
improve
the
conditions
of
human
life
on
the
earth.
We
need
more
knowledge
in
physics
and
chemistry,
in
biology
and
physiology,
and
particularly
in
medicine
to
cope
with
all
these
problems
which
threaten
man's
life:
hunger,
disease,
overpopulation,
pollution
of
water
and
the
environment.
In
a
way,
the
space
age
not
only
holds
out
a
mirror
in
which
we
can
see
ourselves,
it
also
provides
us
with
the
technologies.
5.The
passage
is
mainly
discussing
about
.
A.whether
the
children's
dying
from
hunger
is
the
major
problem
B.whether
there
is
an
effective
way
to
avoid
the
global
starvation
C.whether
the
author's
suggestion
has
been
taken
into
serious
consideration
D.whether
it
is
worth
spending
much
money
on
the
space
research
6.According
to
the
author,
what
plays
an
important
part
in
dealing
with
poverty
and
hunger?
A.Food
supply.
B.Methods
of
farming.
C.Government
D.Modern
technology.
7.From
the
last
paragraph,
we
can
infer
that
.
A.more
basic
knowledge
is
required
to
be
learned
B.technologies
can
help
to
improve
our
living
quality
C.we
can
live
a
more
peaceful
and
happier
life
D.there
are
different
views
on
the
space
age
3
Growing
up,
we
are
constantly
reminded
that
young
people
are
heavily
affected
by
technology.
We
are
the
“antisocial
club”,
those
who
prefer
to
text
our
friends
in
the
same
room
rather
than
make
eye
contact
with
them.
And
even
though
never-ending
studies
reveal
to
us
the
extent
of
our
social
media
addiction,
we
should
at
least
consider
that
it’s
not
only
our
young
people’s
problem
any
more.
There’s
the
rise
of
the
Instagram
mums,
who
like
to
post
an
abundance
of
cute
baby
pictures,
share
their
mom
feelings
along
the
way
and
show
their
wonderful
lifestyles.
They
are
the
so-called
“Facebook
mum
generation”,
a
growing
group
of
parents
that
like
to
overshare.
While
all
of
this
might
be
fine,
and
even
a
little
humorous,
new
research
suggests
that
parents’
technology
addiction
is
negatively
affecting
their
children’s
behavior.
According
to
the
study,
40%
of
mothers
and
32%
of
fathers
have
admitted
having
some
sort
of
phone
addiction.
This
has
led
to
a
significant
fall
in
verbal
interactions
within
families
and
even
a
decline
in
mothers’
encouraging
their
children.
There
is
no
denying
that
I
get
annoyed
when
receiving
the
words
“I’ll
be
with
you
soon”
from
a
parent,
when
all
I
want
to
do
is
ask
one
question.
But,
at
the
same
time,
every
day
leaving
the
room
to
wait
until
my
father
is
finished
with
his
“serious
business”
(Farmville),
has
now
become
the
norm.
Whether
you
want
to
escape
your
disturbing
children
for
a
bit,
or
want
to
stay
up
late
flicking
through
Twitter,
know
that
wanting
to
do
all
of
these
is
normal.
We,
your
children,
know
how
addictive
it
can
be
and
how
difficult
it
is
to
switch
off.
But
before
telling
us
to
put
our
phones
away
at
the
table
or
even
worse,
listing
statistics
of
how
damaging
social
media
can
be
for
us,
maybe
lead
by
example,
considering
how
much
time
you
spend
on
the
phone
and
how
this
is
impacting
your
children
and
your
relationship
with
us.
Maybe
in
this
way
we
can
work
on
our
addiction
together.
8.From
Paragraph
1,
we
can
know
that
teenagers
nowadays
________.
A.enjoy
socializing
with
their
friends
B.send
messages
to
their
friends
every
day
C.hate
to
make
eye
contact
with
their
friends
D.are
heavily
addicted
to
their
mobile
phones
9.What
does
the
author
think
of
mums’
oversharing?
A.Boring.
B.Selfish.
C.Funny.
D.Meaningful.
10.The
underlined
word
“norm”
in
Paragraph
4
probably
means
________.
A.security
B.standard
C.routine
D.custom
11.What’s
the
main
purpose
of
the
article?
A.To
share
the
author’s
own
experience
with
the
readers.
B.To
call
on
parents
to
get
rid
of
their
own
media
addiction.
C.To
reveal
that
parents
are
always
addicted
to
mobile
phones.
D.To
show
the
author’s
dissatisfaction
with
parents’
phone
use.
4
The
human
brain
remembers
negative
experiences
more
easily
than
positive
ones.
Our
brains
have
developed
in
this
way
because
threats,
like
dangerous
animal,
have
a
more
immediate
effect
on
people's
survival
compared
to
positive
things
like
food
or
shelter.
As
a
result,
you
clearly
know
what
makes
you
unhappy,
but
do
you
know
what
makes
you
happy?
Research
suggests
that
our
level
of
happiness
is
partly
shaped
by
the
choices
we
make.
If
you've
been
chasing
wealth,
fame,
power
and
some
material
things,
you
may
be
looking
for
happiness
in
the
wrong
places.
Psychologists
suggest
that
the
following
habits
can
make
people
happier.
People
who
own
close
relationships
tend
to
be
happier
than
those
who
do
not.
The
number
of
our
friends
is
not
important.
What
matters
is
the
quality
of
our
relationships.
Relationships
that
bring
happiness
usually
consist
of
the
sharing
of
feelings,
acceptance,
mutual
respect
and
trust.
People
who
exercise
regularly
can
improve
both
their
physical
and
mental
well-being.
Some
research
has
shown
that
exercise
can
be
as
effective
as
some
medicine
in
treating
depression.
If
we
are
so
interested
in
an
activity,
we
may
lose
track
of
time,
and
we
can
be
in
a
state
of
flow.
The
activity
could
be
playing
the
piano,
surfing
the
Internet
or
playing
a
game.
People
who
experience
flow
in
their
work
or
life
tend
to
be
happier.
People
are
more
likely
to
be
happy
if
they
know
what
their
strengths
are
and
can
use
them
regularly.
People
are
especially
happy
when
they
can
set
goals
and
use
their
strengths
to
achieve
them.
People,
who
think
positively
by
being
grateful,
mindful
and
optimistic,
are
more
likely
to
be
happy.
Being
grateful
means
being
thankful.
Being
mindful
means
considering,
focusing
on,
and
enjoying
the
experiences
of
the
present
moment.
Being
optimistic
means
being
hopeful
about
the
future.
12.Human
brains
remember
negative
things
more
easily
because
negative
things_________.
A.tend
to
affect
human
survival
immediately
B.are
much
more
important
than
other
thing
C.can
make
people
live
much
happier
D.are
easy
to
remember
13.According
to
this
passage,
people
may
find
happiness
in______________
A.being
famous
B.setting
life
goals
C.chasing
power
D.earning
money
14.In
the
last
paragraph,
the
author
tries
to
tell
us
to____________.
A.think
more
about
our
future
B.focus
on
everything
in
our
life
C.be
positive
in
our
life
and
work
D.only
enjoy
the
present
moment
15.What
does
the
passage
mainly
want
to
tell
us?
A.Why
people
remember
positive
things
easily.
B.Why
people
remember
negative
things
easily.
C.What
makes
people
happy.
D.What
makes
people
sad.
