备战2021年高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练
典型技巧07
文章特点与意图推理
【考情角度】
考情分析
抒情类记叙文在叙述的过程中蕴含着某种情感，无论友谊或关爱都体现了正能量。叙事是一种手段，抒情才是目的。
考查角度
常考查细节理解题、隐含推断题，偶尔考查写作意图题。
【真题再现】(2017·全国卷Ⅱ·B) 主题语境：人际沟通
，
when
George
Roy
Hill,
the
director
of
Butch
Cassidy
and
the
Sundance
Kid,
introduced
us
in
New
York
City.
When
the
studio
didn't
want
me
for
the
film—it
wanted
somebody
as
well?known
as
Paul—he
me.
I
don't
know
how
many
people
would
have
done
that;
they
would
have
listened
to
their
agents
or
the
studio
powers.
The
friendship
that
grew
out
of
the
experience
of
making
that
film
and
The
Sting
had
its
root
in
the
fact
that
although
there
was
an
age
difference,
we
both
came
from
a
tradition
of
theater
and
live
TV.
We
were
craft
(技艺)
and
focused
on
the
characters
we
were
going
to
play.
Both
of
us
had
the
qualities
and
that
are
typical
of
American
actors:
humorous,
aggressive,
and
making
fun
of
each
other—but
always
with
an
affection.
Those
were
also
at
the
core
(核心)
of
our
relationship
off
the
screen.
We
shared
the
belief
that
if
you're
fortunate
enough
to
have
success,
you
should
put
something
back—he
with
his
Newman's
Own
food
and
his
Hole
in
the
Wall
camps
for
kids
who
are
seriously
ill,
and
me
with
Sundance
and
the
institute
and
the
festival.
Paul
and
I
didn't
see
each
other
all
that
regularly,
but
sharing
that
brought
us
together.
We
supported
each
other
and
by
at
events.
He'd
been
in
and
out
of
the
hospital.
He
and
I
both
knew
what
the
deal
was,
and
we
didn't
talk
about
it.
Ours
was
a
relationship
that
didn't
need
a
lot
of
words.
1.Why
was
the
studio
？
A.
Paul
Newman
wanted
it.
B.
The
studio
powers
didn't
like
his
agent.
C.
He
wasn't
famous
enough.
D.
The
director
recommended
someone
else.
2.Why
did
Paul
and
the
author
have
a
？
A.
They
were
of
the
same
age.
B.
They
worked
in
the
same
theater.
C.
They
were
both
good
actors.
D.
They
had
similar
characteristics.
3.What
does
the
underlined
word
“that”
in
paragraph
3
refer
to?
A.
Their
belief.
B.
Their
care
for
children.
C.
Their
success.
D.
Their
support
for
each
other.
4.What
is
the
author's
purpose
in
writing
the
text?
A.
To
show
his
love
of
films.
B.
To
remember
a
friend.
C.
To
introduce
a
new
movie.
D.
To
share
his
acting
experience.
答案与解析： 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B
1.由题干关键词定位到“时间1”所在第1段，由特殊符号“——”之间的wanted
somebody
as
well?known
as
Paul可知答案，同时注意同义转换。
2.由题干关键词lasting
friendship可知，此处是友谊的升华，由第二段最后两句可知，他们有着共同的品质。
3.sharing的宾语与该段首句中的宾语相同。
4.由该记叙文的时间发展顺序和情感顺序可推断文章是在回忆一个朋友。
【技巧释义】根据文体特点和主旨推意图
情感1：初见之拔刀相助
didn't
want
me→he
stood
up
for
me
情感2：共同的兴趣和信念促进两人之间的深厚友谊和互相支持
Both
of
us
had
the
qualities
and
virtues
...
shared
the
belief
that
...
supported
each
other(可解第2题)
情感3：感情升华——虽话少但胜过千言万语
【词汇积累】
virtue
n.美德，优秀品质，优点
underlying
adj.根本的
respectful
adj.有礼貌的
financially
adv.财政上
stand
up
for支持；维护
dig
into钻研
be
respectful
of
尊重
【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）
1
People
climbing
Mount
Everest
are
two
times
as
likely
to
reach
the
top
and
less
likely
to
die
on
the
climb
than
20
years
ago,
a
new
study
finds.
Everest,
high
in
the
Himalayans,
is
the
tallest
mountain
above
sea
level
on
Earth.
It
reaches
8,848
meters
into
the
sky.
Between
2006
and
2019,
around
two
thirds
of
climbers
were
successful
in
their
attempt
to
reach
the
top.
In
the
15
years
before
that,
only
about
one-third
went
all
the
way
to
the
top.
The
number
of
attempts
to
reach
the
top
of
Everest
has
risen
sharply
over
the
years,
leading
to
a
300
percent
increase
in
overcrowding.
In
2019,
955
climbers
tried
to
reach
the
mountaintop.
Only
222
people
did
so
in
2000.
The
study
noted
that
on
a
single
day
in
May
of
last
year,
396
climbers
had
gathered
at
the
narrow
path
just
below
the
top.
The
area,
known
as
the
“death
zone,”
is
so
narrow
that
only
a
small
number
of
climbers
can
pass
through,
one
directly
behind
another.
Nine
climbers
died
on
Everest
in
May
2019.
It
was
the
deadliest
Everest
climbing
season
since
2015
when
an
earthquake
killed
at
least
18
people
on
the
mountain.
A
picture
of
climbers
waiting
their
turn
to
go
up
and
down
through
the
death
zone
became
famous
as
it
was
shared
online.
Yet
researchers
say
the
crowds
were
not
the
main
reason
for
the
deaths
last
year.
“Surprisingly
crowding
has
no
evident
effect
on
success
or
death”
of
Everest
climbers,
the
study
said.
However,
overcrowding
does
make
the
climb
more
dangerous.
“If
crowding
slows
climbers
(as
is
expected),
this
increases
their
exposure
to
the
elements,
which
should
increase
risk
of
an
accident
or
illness,”
said
Raymond
B.Huey,
lead
writer
of
the
report.
An
unexpected
storm,
earthquake,
or
landslide
could
be
disastrous,
he
told
Reuters
by
email.
Climbers
have
expressed
concern
that
was
giving
anyone
willing
to
pay
the
government
$11,000
permission
to
climb
Everest.
Nepal
plans
to
change
its
policy
to
require
climbers
to
use
guides,
and
meet
physical
fitness
and
experience
qualifications,
said
tourism
department
official
Mira
Acharya.
Nepal
temporarily
closed
its
mountains
to
climbers
because
of
the
coronavirus
health
crisis.
Now
they
are
open
again.
However,
Acharya
noted
that
flights
into
and
within
Nepal
have
not
restarted.
More
than
6,000
people
have
climbed
Mount
Everest
since
1953,
when
New
Zealander
Edmund
Hillary
and
Sherpa
Tenzing
Norgay
became
the
first
climbers
known
to
reach
the
top.
At
least
311
climbers
have
died
trying.
1.Supposing
900
people
took
part
in
the
climbing
Mount
Everest
between
1990
and
2005,
how
many
of
them
reached
the
top?
A.300.
B.400.
C.500.
D.600
2.Why
does
overcrowding
make
the
climbing
more
dangerous?
A.Because
it
surprisingly
leads
to
death
for
those
climbers.
B.Because
it
stopped
the
climbers
from
reaching
the
top
at
the
area
called
“death
zone”.
C.Because
it
exposes
climbers
to
increasing
risk
of
an
accident
or
illness.
D.Because
it
gets
climbers
stranded
in
“death
zone”
and
unable
to
get
further
supplies.
3.According
to
the
report,
what
is
the
possible
reason
for
overcrowding?
A.More
people
want
to
experience
the
climbing
to
the
top
of
Mount
Everest.
B.A
picture
of
climbers
waiting
to
reach
the
top
inspires
more
people
to
give
it
a
try.
C.Nepal
government
gives
climbers
permission
without
restrictions.
D.More
people
want
to
climb
the
Mount
Everest
before
Nepal
takes
restrictions.
4.What
is
the
general
idea
of
this
passage?
A.Climbers
are
more
likely
to
lose
their
lives
before
Reaching
Top
of
Mount
Everest.
B.More
climbers
need
to
be
trained
before
climbing
Mount
Everest.
C.Enough
experience
in
climbing
mountains
matters
so
much.
D.Climbers
are
twice
as
likely
to
reach
top
of
Mount
Everest
than
in
Past.
【答案】1.A2.C3.C4.D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述目前攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人登顶的可能性是20年前的两倍，在攀登过程中死亡的可能性也比20年前少了一倍。并简要介绍了导致登山者死亡或患病的原因。
1.细节理解题。根据第二段“Between
2006
and
2019,
around
two
thirds
of
climbers
were
successful
in
their
attempt
to
reach
the
top.
In
the
15
years
before
that,
only
about
one-third
went
all
the
way
to
the
top.（在2006年至2019年间，大约三分之二的登山者成功登顶。在那之前的15年里，只有大约三分之一的人登顶。）”可知，在1991年到2004期间只有1/3的人登顶成功。由此可推知，如果1990年到2005年有900人登珠峰，那么登顶的人数为：900×1/3=300人。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据倒数第五段““If
crowding
slows
climbers
(as
is
expected),
this
increases
their
exposure
to
the
elements,
which
should
increase
risk
of
an
accident
or
illness,（如果拥挤减缓登山者的速度(正如预期的那样)，就会增加他们暴露在自然环境中的机会，这就会增加发生事故或患病的风险。）”可知，因为过度拥挤会增加登山者发生事故或患病的风险，所以这会让登山变得更困难。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Climbers
have
expressed
concern
that
was
giving
anyone
willing
to
pay
the
government
$11,000
permission
to
climb
Everest.
（登山者们表示担心，任何愿意向政府支付1.1万美元的人都可以攀登珠穆朗玛峰。）”可推知，尼泊尔政府给予登山者无限制的许可，这可能是导致登山拥挤的原因。故选C。
4.主旨大意题。阅读文章，并根据第一段“People
climbing
Mount
Everest
are
two
times
as
likely
to
reach
the
top
and
less
likely
to
die
on
the
climb
than
20
years
ago,
a
new
study
finds.
（一项新的研究发现，攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人登顶的可能性是20年前的两倍，在攀登过程中死亡的可能性也比20年前少了一倍。）”可知，本文主要讲述登山者登上珠穆朗玛峰的可能性是过去的两倍。故选D。
2
The
semi-finals
for
the
League
of
Legends
(LOL)
World
Championship
2020
ended
on
Sunday
with
Chinese
team
Suning
finally
defeating
another
Chinese
team
Top
Esports
to
earn
a
ticket
to
the
final
against
Damwon
Gaming
from
South
Korea.
The
result
has
captured
the
attention
of
Chinese
netizens,
showing
the
huge
influence
of
esports
in
China.
Several
hashtags
such
as
“LOL
Worlds
semi-finals”
and
“Suning
gets
to
the
final”
have
earned
more
than
a
billion
views
on
China’s
Twitter-like
Sina
Weibo
as
of
Monday.
Top
Esports
was
one
of
favorites
to
win
in
the
semi-finals,
while
Suning
was
commonly
seen
as
a
loser,
but
the
latter
finally
broke
through
to
win
3-1.
After
the
game,
one
member
of
the
defeated
team,
Karsa,
shed
tears
at
the
event,
which
quickly
became
a
hot
topic
on
Sina
Weibo.
In
a
message
posted
to
Sina
Weibo
after
the
competition,
Top
Esports
said
that
they
regret
not
making
it
to
the
final
and
that
they
felt
sorry
for
their
fans,
“but
our
pursuit
of
victory
will
never
stop.
We
will
carry
on
with
this
regret.”
Instead
of
blaming
them
for
their
failure,
most
netizens
encouraged
them
to
try
again
in
2021.
While
many
media
outlets
are
calling
Suning’s
win
a
surprise,
but
a
commentator
for
an
esports
team
based
in
Shanghai
surnamed
Zhang
told
the
Global
Times
on
Monday
that
the
result
is
not
surprising.
“After
Top
Esports
barely
defeated
Fnatic
with
a
3-2
score,
I
felt
that
the
entire
team,
except
for
Karsa,
performed
worse
than
before.
The
middle
lane
and
bottom
lane
of
the
team
were
off
line
when
playing
against
Suning
and
did
not
play
to
their
usual
level,”
Zhang
said.
He
praised
Suning,
saying
their
skills
were
improving,
“but
the
team
still
has
a
gap
with
Damwon
Gaming.
I
hope
they
can
lose
as
gloriously
as
possible.”
Suning,
which
was
formed
by
Chinese
commercial
retail
enterprise
Suning,
also
posted
on
Sina
Weibo
on
Sunday
to
thank
everyone
who
supported
the
team,
saying
that
they
will
try
their
best
to
guard
the
glory
of
the
League
of
Legends
Pro
League.
Li,
a
Suning
fan
living
in
Shanghai,
was
glad
to
see
the
team
she
supports
win.
“The
team
has
constantly
grown
during
the
Worlds
this
year,
although
all
members
of
the
team
are
freshmen,”
she
said.
Li
was
also
a
little
regretful
for
Top
Esports
as
the
team
is
the
only
one
that
has
all
Chinese
members.
“Making
the
impossible
possible
through
hard
work
is
the
charm
of
esports.
I
think
it
is
full
of
passion,”
Li
said,
explaining
why
she
loves
esports.
5.Which
team
is
the
Chinese
team
Suning
ready
to
fight
against
next?
A.League
of
Legends
B.Top
Esports
C.Damwon
Gaming
D.Fnatic
6.What
did
Mr.
Zhang,
the
commentator,
think
of
the
failure
of
Top
Esports?
A.He
thought
that
there
was
still
a
gap
between
Top
Esports
and
Damwon
Gaming.
B.He
thought
that
the
result
was
not
beyond
his
expectation.
C.He
believed
that
every
one
of
the
team
had
performed
worse
than
ever
before.
D.He
believed
that
Sunning’s
winning
was
just
a
lucky
thing.
7.Which
of
the
following
statements
about
the
team
Suning
is
correct?
A.The
team
is
to
fight
against
Damwon
Gaming
from
South
Korea
in
the
semi-final.
B.The
team
is
financed
by
a
commercial
retail
enterprise.
C.The
team
consists
of
all
Chinese
members.
D.The
team
is
now
equivalent
to
Damwon
Gaming.
【答案】5.C6.B7.B
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。2020年英雄联盟世界锦标赛半决赛在周日结束，中国战队苏宁队最终击败了另一支中国战队Top
Esports，获得了与韩国Damwon
Gaming的决赛门票。文章主要介绍了苏宁队在此次比赛中的表现以及人们对它获胜的一些看法。
5.细节理解题。根据第一段中“The
semi-finals
for
the
League
of
Legends
(LOL)
World
Championship
2020
ended
on
Sunday
with
Chinese
team
Suning
finally
defeating
another
Chinese
team
Top
Esports
to
earn
a
ticket
to
the
final
against
Damwon
Gaming
from
South
Korea.(2020年英雄联盟世界锦标赛半决赛在周日结束，中国战队苏宁最终击败了另一支中国战队Top
Esports，获得了与韩国Damwon
Gaming的决赛门票)”可知，苏宁接下来准备对阵的是Damwon
Gaming。故选C。
6.推理判断题。根据第七段“While
many
media
outlets
are
calling
Suning’s
win
a
surprise,
but
a
commentator
for
an
esports
team
based
in
Shanghai
surnamed
Zhang
told
the
Global
Times
on
Monday
that
the
result
is
not
surprising.(尽管许多媒体都称苏宁的胜利是个惊喜，但上海某电竞团队的一名张姓评论员周一告诉《环球时报》，这个结果并不令人惊讶)”以及第八段““After
Top
Esports
barely
defeated
Fnatic
with
a
3-2
score,
I
felt
that
the
entire
team,
except
for
Karsa,
performed
worse
than
before.
The
middle
lane
and
bottom
lane
of
the
team
were
off
line
when
playing
against
Suning
and
did
not
play
to
their
usual
level,”
Zhang
said.("在Top
Esports以3-2的比分勉强击败Fnatic之后，我觉得除了Karsa之外，整个队伍的表现比之前更差。与苏宁比赛时，队伍的中线和下线都出现了脱线的情况，没有发挥出平时的水平。"张说)”可知，评论员张先生对Top
Esports失败的看法是他认为结果没有超出他的预料。故选B。
7.细节理解题。根据倒数第五段“Suning,
which
was
formed
by
Chinese
commercial
retail
enterprise
Suning,
also
posted
on
Sina
Weibo
on
Sunday
to
thank
everyone
who
supported
the
team,
saying
that
they
will
try
their
best
to
guard
the
glory
of
the
League
of
Legends
Pro
League.(周日，由中国商业零售企业苏宁集团成立的苏宁团队也在新浪微博上发帖，感谢支持该团队的所有人，称他们将尽最大努力捍卫英雄联盟职业联赛的荣誉)”可知，关于苏宁团队的陈述中，B选项“团队由一家商业零售企业资助”正确。故选B。
3
A
new
study
suggests
drinking
coffee
as
soon
as
someone
wakes
up
from
a
poor
night's
sleep
greatly
affects
metabolism
(新陈代谢)
and
blood
sugar
control.
In
the
study,
published
in
the
British
Journal
of
Nutrition,
UK
researchers
let
29
healthy
men
and
women
take
part
in
three
different
overnight
experiments.
In
the
first
two
scenes,
participants
were
given
a
sugary
drink
upon
waking-first
from
a
normal
night's
sleep,
and
then
again
after
a
poor
night's
sleep
during
which
they
were
woken
up
for
five
minutes
every
hour.
In
the
third,
their
sleep
was
similarly
disrupted,
but
they
were
given
a
strong
black
coffee
30
minutes
before
consuming
the
sugary
drink.
Blood
samples
from
participants
were
taken
following
the
sugary
drink,
which
mirrored
the
calories
of
a
typical
breakfast,
in
each
experiment.
Results
showed
that
one
night
of
disrupted
sleep
did
not
worsen
the
participants'
blood
sugar
responses
at
breakfast
when
compared
to
a
normal
night
of
sleep.
However,
strong
black
coffee
consumed
before
breakfast
in-creased
the
blood
sugar
response
by
around
50
percent.
By
drinking
such
kind
of
drink
after
breakfast,
UK
researchers
found
that
our
bodies'
ability
to
break
down
our
food
healthily
is
completely
improved.
Examining
the
effects
of
bro-ken
sleep
and.
morning
coffee
across
a
range
of
different
metabolic
markers,
scientists
at
the
University
of
Bath
found
that,
while
one
night
of
poor
sleep
had
a
limited
effect
on
metabolism,
drinking
coffee
before
breakfast
could
have
a
negative
effect
on
blood
sugar
control.
“We
know
that
nearly
half
of
us
will
wake
in
the
morning
and,
before
doing
anything
else,
drink
coffee—the
more
tired
we
feel,
the
stronger
the
coffee
is.
This
study
is
important
and
has
far-reaching
health
influences,
and
it
indeed
moves
some
coffee
drinkers'
heartstrings.
As
up
to
now
we
have
had
limited
knowledge
about
what
this
is
doing
to
our
bodies,
in
particular
for
our
metabolic
and
blood
sugar
control,
so
we
have
a
long
way
to
go.”
said
Professor
James
Betts,
co-director
of
the
Centre
for
Nutrition,
Exercise
and
Metabolism
at
the
University
of
Bath.
8.How
did
UK
researchers
get
the
result
of
the
experiment?
A.By
assumption.
B.By
making
comparisons.
C.By
questionnaire.
D.By
consulting
journals.
9.What
can
we
learn
from
the
experiment?
A.One
night
of
poor
sleep
surely
affects
blood
sugar.
B.Drinking
coffee
after
breakfast
does
harm
to
health.
C.Having
strong
drinks
has
a
good
effect
on
metabolism.
D.Drinking
coffee
at
different
time
has
different
effects
on
health.
10.What
does
James
Betts
think
of
the
study?
A.It
makes
no
sense.
B.It
is
limited
and
blind.
C.It
remains
to
be
continued.
D.It
is
particular
and
explicit.
11.What
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.How.
Much
Coffee
to
Drink
Matters
B.Does
Coffee
Really
Wake
Up
an
Appetite?
C.Drinking
Coffee
before
Breakfast
Harms
Metabolism
D.How
Does
Drinking
Black
Coffee
Affect
People's
Sleep?
【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项研究，研究发现早餐前喝咖啡会损害新陈代谢，尤其是血糖水平。
8.推理判断题。由第二段中的“In
the
study,
published
in
the
British
Journal
of
Nutrition,
UK
researchers
let
29
healthy
men
and
women
take
part
in
three
different
overnight
experiments.
In
the
first
two
scenes,
participants
were
given
a
sugary
drink
upon
waking-first
from
a
normal
night's
sleep,
and
then
again
after
a
poor
night's
sleep
during
which
they
were
woken
up
for
five
minutes
every
hour.
In
the
third,
their
sleep
was
similarly
disrupted,
but
they
were
given
a
strong
black
coffee
30
minutes
before
consuming
the
sugary
drink.”（在发表在《英国营养学杂志》上的研究中，英国研究人员让29名健康的男性和女性参加了三个不同的通宵实验。在前两个场景中，参与者首先从正常的睡眠中醒来，然后在一夜睡眠不好后再喝一杯含糖饮料，在此期间，他们每小时被叫醒五分钟。在第三组中，他们的睡眠也受到同样的干扰，但在饮用含糖饮料前30分钟，给他们一杯浓咖啡。）和第三段中的“Blood
samples
from
participants
were
taken
following
the
sugary
drink,
which
mirrored
the
calories
of
a
typical
breakfast,
in
each
experiment.
Results
showed
that
one
night
of
disrupted
sleep
did
not
worsen
the
participants'
blood
sugar
responses
at
breakfast
when
compared
to
a
normal
night
of
sleep.
However,
strong
black
coffee
consumed
before
breakfast
in-creased
the
blood
sugar
response
by
around
50
percent.”（在每个实验中，受试者的血样都是在含糖饮料之后采集的，含糖饮料反映了典型早餐的热量。结果表明，与正常睡眠相比，一晚睡眠中断并不会使参与者早餐时的血糖反应变差。然而，早餐前喝浓咖啡能使血糖反应提高50%左右。），可知英国研究者们让三组健康的男女参加不同的实验，然后通过对比参与者血糖的反应得出研究结果。故选B项。
9.细节理解题。由第三段中的“However,
strong
black
coffee
consumed
before
breakfast
in-creased
the
blood
sugar
response
by
around
50
percent.”（然而，早餐前喝浓咖啡能使血糖反应提高50%左右。）和第四段中的“By
drinking
such
kind
of
drink
after
breakfast,
UK
researchers
found
that
our
bodies'
ability
to
break
down
our
food
healthily
is
completely
improved.”（英国研究人员发现，通过在早餐后喝咖啡，我们身体健康地分解食物的能力得到了完全提高。），可知实验证明：在不同时间喝咖啡对健康会产生不同的影响——早餐前喝浓咖啡会使血糖反应增加约50%，早餐后喝咖啡会使身体健康分解食物的能力得到提高。故选D项。
10.推理判断题。由最后一段中的“As
up
to
now
we
have
had
limited
knowledge
about
what
this
is
doing
to
our
bodies,
in
particular
for
our
metabolic
and
blood
sugar
control,
so
we
have
a
long
way
to
go.”
said
Professor
James
Betts,
co-director
of
the
Centre
for
Nutrition,
Exercise
and
Metabolism
at
the
University
of
Bath.”（巴斯大学营养、运动和新陈代谢中心的联合主任James
Betts教授说：“到目前为止，我们对咖啡对我们的身体所起的作用知之甚少，尤其是对于我们的新陈代谢和血糖控制，所以我们还有很长的路要走。”），可知James
Betts认为这项研究仍需继续。故选C项。
11.主旨大意题。第一段讲“研究表明早餐前喝咖啡会极大地影响新陈代谢和血糖控制”，第二三四段讲“英国研究者们让三组健康的男女参加不同的实验，然后通过对比参与者血糖的反应得出研究结果：在不同时间喝咖啡对健康会产生不同的影响”，最后一段讲“这项研究很重要，但有很长的路要走，仍需继续研究”，可知本文主要讲早餐前喝咖啡会损害新陈代谢，尤其是血糖水平。故选C项。
4
Every
day
around
the
world,
thousands
of
people
with
little
to
no
scholarly
training
in
art
history
walk
into
museums.
They
may
or
may
not
read
notice
boards
that
share
relevant
information
of
the
artworks
or
artists.
Imagine,
before
being
permitted
to
direct
their
eyeballs
to
the
art
on
the
walls,
museum
visitors
were
required
to
read
a
15-or
20-page
introduction
to
each
piece
or
each
artist.
How
many
people
would
go
to
museums
if
that
were
the
case?
Yet
this
seems
to
be
the
expectation
when
it
comes
to
reading
classic
literature.
Classic
novels
typically
come
with
15-or
20-page
introductions,
which
often
include
spoilers,
assuming
that
readers
do
not
come
to
classic
books
to
discover,
be
absorbed
in,
and
be
surprised
by
the
story
world.
Also,
apparently,
we
mustn't
read
classics
alone,
without
experts
guiding
our
experiences.
However,
classic
literature
is
in
a
unique
position
to
show
us
that
we'
re
not
alone
in
our
pains
and
joys.
By
taking
us
out
of
our
time,
classic
books
free
us
to
see
beyond
the
set
of
beliefs
we
stick
to
and
to
connect
human
experiences
that
remain
alive
across
time
and
place.
What
could
be
more
grounding,
more
comforting,
than
seeing
ourselves
in
the
battles,
longings,
and
pleasures
that
have
played
out
across
hundreds,
thousands
of
years
of
human
history?
Our
personal
engagement
is
the
first
step
of
a
longer
journey
of
discovery
that
deepens
our
knowledge
and
understanding
of
ourselves
and
our
world.
We
may
for
example,
feel
for
Hester
Prynne
from
Nathaniel
Hawthorne's
The
Scarlet
Letter
though
we
despair
of
the
world
she
lived
in.
While
we're
letting
go
of
things,
let's
stop
worrying
about
understanding
everything.
We
can't.
It
will
be
fun
if
we
embrace
curiosity,
the
pleasure
of
working
out
a
mystery,
and
our
common
relationships
as
humans.
We
can
feel,
for
example,
the
power
of
self-sacrifice
in
Charles
Dickens'A
Tale
of
Two
Cities
even
when
we
lack
full
understanding
of
the
cultural
references
and
language.
12.Most
museum
goers_________.
A.lack
professional
art
knowledge
B.understand
the
artworks
well
C.enjoy
reading
notice
boards
D.share
common
interest
in
artworks
13.What
can
the
"spoilers"
in
Para.
2
possibly
be?
A.Story
writers
B.Readers'
expectations.
C.Plots
given
away
in
advance
D.Guiding
experts
14.What
prevents
readers
enjoying
reading
classics?
A.Showing
curiosity
about
the
writers
B.Letting
go
of
things.
C.Working
out
mysteries.
D.Trying
to
understanding
everything.
15.What
message
is
mainly
conveyed
in
the
passage?
A.We
should
find
more
fun
from
classics.
B.Classic
literature
benefits
readers
a
great
deal
C.Experts
need
to
give
readers
better
guidance.
D.Reading
classics
is
a
personal
exploration.
【答案】12.A
13.C
14.D
15.D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章指出在人们日益缺乏专业艺术知识的今天，古典文学通过把我们从自身所处时代抽离出来，让我们能够看到我们所坚持的信念之外的东西。作者认为我们应该放下一些事情、停止担心去理解所有的事情，多阅读古典文学，并将它变成一次探索自我的过程。
12.推理判断题。第一段第三句“Imagine,
before
being
permitted
to
direct
their
eyeballs
to
the
art
on
the
walls,
museum
visitors
were
required
to
read
a
15-
or
20-page
introduction
to
each
piece
or
each
artist.
How
many
people
would
go
to
museums
if
that
were
the
case?（
想象一下，在允许参观者将目光投向墙上的艺术品之前，博物馆要求参观者阅读一份15至20页的介绍，介绍每一件作品或每一位艺术家。如果是这样的话，有多少人会去博物馆呢？）”可知，大多数人缺少专业的艺术知识。故选A。
13.词义猜测题。根据后文“assuming
that
readers
do
not
come
to
classic
books
to
discover,
be
absorbed
in,
and
be
surprised
by
the
story
world（假设读者读经典小说不是为了发现、沉浸其中并对故事世界感到惊讶。）”即可推测上文中spoilers应与后文discover和surprised词义相反，意思应为“剧透（透露与电影、书籍或者游戏内容有关的信息。）”的意思，故选C。
14.推理判断题。根据最后一段“While
we’re
letting
go
of
things,
let’s
stop
worrying
about
understanding
everything.
We
can’t.
It
will
be
fun
if
we
embrace
curiosity,
the
pleasure
of
working
out
a
mystery,
and
our
common
relationships
as
humans.”（当我们放下一些事情的时候，让我们停止担心去理解所有的事情。我们不能。如果我们拥有好奇心、解开谜团的乐趣，以及我们作为人类的共同关系，那将会很有趣。）即尝试去明白一切事情的心理让读者们无法喜欢上阅读古典作品。故选D。
15.主旨大意题。根据第四段倒数第二句“Our
personal
engagement
is
the
first
step
of
a
longer
journey
of
discovery
that
deepens
our
knowledge
and
understanding
of
ourselves
and
our
world.”（我们的私人参与是一个更长的发现之旅的第一步，这个发现之旅会加深我们对自己和世界的认识和理解。）可知文章想要传递的信息是阅读古典文学是一次私人的探索旅程。故选D。备战2021年高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练
典型技巧07
文章特点与意图推理
【考情角度】
考情分析
抒情类记叙文在叙述的过程中蕴含着某种情感，无论友谊或关爱都体现了正能量。叙事是一种手段，抒情才是目的。
考查角度
常考查细节理解题、隐含推断题，偶尔考查写作意图题。
【真题再现】(2017·全国卷Ⅱ·B) 主题语境：人际沟通
，
when
George
Roy
Hill,
the
director
of
Butch
Cassidy
and
the
Sundance
Kid,
introduced
us
in
New
York
City.
When
the
studio
didn't
want
me
for
the
film—it
wanted
somebody
as
well?known
as
Paul—he
me.
I
don't
know
how
many
people
would
have
done
that;
they
would
have
listened
to
their
agents
or
the
studio
powers.
The
friendship
that
grew
out
of
the
experience
of
making
that
film
and
The
Sting
had
its
root
in
the
fact
that
although
there
was
an
age
difference,
we
both
came
from
a
tradition
of
theater
and
live
TV.
We
were
craft
(技艺)
and
focused
on
the
characters
we
were
going
to
play.
Both
of
us
had
the
qualities
and
that
are
typical
of
American
actors:
humorous,
aggressive,
and
making
fun
of
each
other—but
always
with
an
affection.
Those
were
also
at
the
core
(核心)
of
our
relationship
off
the
screen.
We
shared
the
belief
that
if
you're
fortunate
enough
to
have
success,
you
should
put
something
back—he
with
his
Newman's
Own
food
and
his
Hole
in
the
Wall
camps
for
kids
who
are
seriously
ill,
and
me
with
Sundance
and
the
institute
and
the
festival.
Paul
and
I
didn't
see
each
other
all
that
regularly,
but
sharing
that
brought
us
together.
We
supported
each
other
and
by
at
events.
He'd
been
in
and
out
of
the
hospital.
He
and
I
both
knew
what
the
deal
was,
and
we
didn't
talk
about
it.
Ours
was
a
relationship
that
didn't
need
a
lot
of
words.
1.Why
was
the
studio
？
A.
Paul
Newman
wanted
it.
B.
The
studio
powers
didn't
like
his
agent.
C.
He
wasn't
famous
enough.
D.
The
director
recommended
someone
else.
2.Why
did
Paul
and
the
author
have
a
？
A.
They
were
of
the
same
age.
B.
They
worked
in
the
same
theater.
C.
They
were
both
good
actors.
D.
They
had
similar
characteristics.
3.What
does
the
underlined
word
“that”
in
paragraph
3
refer
to?
A.
Their
belief.
B.
Their
care
for
children.
C.
Their
success.
D.
Their
support
for
each
other.
4.What
is
the
author's
purpose
in
writing
the
text?
A.
To
show
his
love
of
films.
B.
To
remember
a
friend.
C.
To
introduce
a
new
movie.
D.
To
share
his
acting
experience.
答案与解析： 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B
1.由题干关键词定位到“时间1”所在第1段，由特殊符号“——”之间的wanted
somebody
as
well?known
as
Paul可知答案，同时注意同义转换。
2.由题干关键词lasting
friendship可知，此处是友谊的升华，由第二段最后两句可知，他们有着共同的品质。
3.sharing的宾语与该段首句中的宾语相同。
4.由该记叙文的时间发展顺序和情感顺序可推断文章是在回忆一个朋友。
【技巧释义】根据文体特点和主旨推意图
情感1：初见之拔刀相助
didn't
want
me→he
stood
up
for
me
情感2：共同的兴趣和信念促进两人之间的深厚友谊和互相支持
Both
of
us
had
the
qualities
and
virtues
...
shared
the
belief
that
...
supported
each
other(可解第2题)
情感3：感情升华——虽话少但胜过千言万语
【词汇积累】
virtue
n.美德，优秀品质，优点
underlying
adj.根本的
respectful
adj.有礼貌的
financially
adv.财政上
stand
up
for支持；维护
dig
into钻研
be
respectful
of
尊重
【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）
1
People
climbing
Mount
Everest
are
two
times
as
likely
to
reach
the
top
and
less
likely
to
die
on
the
climb
than
20
years
ago,
a
new
study
finds.
Everest,
high
in
the
Himalayans,
is
the
tallest
mountain
above
sea
level
on
Earth.
It
reaches
8,848
meters
into
the
sky.
Between
2006
and
2019,
around
two
thirds
of
climbers
were
successful
in
their
attempt
to
reach
the
top.
In
the
15
years
before
that,
only
about
one-third
went
all
the
way
to
the
top.
The
number
of
attempts
to
reach
the
top
of
Everest
has
risen
sharply
over
the
years,
leading
to
a
300
percent
increase
in
overcrowding.
In
2019,
955
climbers
tried
to
reach
the
mountaintop.
Only
222
people
did
so
in
2000.
The
study
noted
that
on
a
single
day
in
May
of
last
year,
396
climbers
had
gathered
at
the
narrow
path
just
below
the
top.
The
area,
known
as
the
“death
zone,”
is
so
narrow
that
only
a
small
number
of
climbers
can
pass
through,
one
directly
behind
another.
Nine
climbers
died
on
Everest
in
May
2019.
It
was
the
deadliest
Everest
climbing
season
since
2015
when
an
earthquake
killed
at
least
18
people
on
the
mountain.
A
picture
of
climbers
waiting
their
turn
to
go
up
and
down
through
the
death
zone
became
famous
as
it
was
shared
online.
Yet
researchers
say
the
crowds
were
not
the
main
reason
for
the
deaths
last
year.
“Surprisingly
crowding
has
no
evident
effect
on
success
or
death”
of
Everest
climbers,
the
study
said.
However,
overcrowding
does
make
the
climb
more
dangerous.
“If
crowding
slows
climbers
(as
is
expected),
this
increases
their
exposure
to
the
elements,
which
should
increase
risk
of
an
accident
or
illness,”
said
Raymond
B.Huey,
lead
writer
of
the
report.
An
unexpected
storm,
earthquake,
or
landslide
could
be
disastrous,
he
told
Reuters
by
email.
Climbers
have
expressed
concern
that
was
giving
anyone
willing
to
pay
the
government
$11,000
permission
to
climb
Everest.
Nepal
plans
to
change
its
policy
to
require
climbers
to
use
guides,
and
meet
physical
fitness
and
experience
qualifications,
said
tourism
department
official
Mira
Acharya.
Nepal
temporarily
closed
its
mountains
to
climbers
because
of
the
coronavirus
health
crisis.
Now
they
are
open
again.
However,
Acharya
noted
that
flights
into
and
within
Nepal
have
not
restarted.
More
than
6,000
people
have
climbed
Mount
Everest
since
1953,
when
New
Zealander
Edmund
Hillary
and
Sherpa
Tenzing
Norgay
became
the
first
climbers
known
to
reach
the
top.
At
least
311
climbers
have
died
trying.
1.Supposing
900
people
took
part
in
the
climbing
Mount
Everest
between
1990
and
2005,
how
many
of
them
reached
the
top?
A.300.
B.400.
C.500.
D.600
2.Why
does
overcrowding
make
the
climbing
more
dangerous?
A.Because
it
surprisingly
leads
to
death
for
those
climbers.
B.Because
it
stopped
the
climbers
from
reaching
the
top
at
the
area
called
“death
zone”.
C.Because
it
exposes
climbers
to
increasing
risk
of
an
accident
or
illness.
D.Because
it
gets
climbers
stranded
in
“death
zone”
and
unable
to
get
further
supplies.
3.According
to
the
report,
what
is
the
possible
reason
for
overcrowding?
A.More
people
want
to
experience
the
climbing
to
the
top
of
Mount
Everest.
B.A
picture
of
climbers
waiting
to
reach
the
top
inspires
more
people
to
give
it
a
try.
C.Nepal
government
gives
climbers
permission
without
restrictions.
D.More
people
want
to
climb
the
Mount
Everest
before
Nepal
takes
restrictions.
4.What
is
the
general
idea
of
this
passage?
A.Climbers
are
more
likely
to
lose
their
lives
before
Reaching
Top
of
Mount
Everest.
B.More
climbers
need
to
be
trained
before
climbing
Mount
Everest.
C.Enough
experience
in
climbing
mountains
matters
so
much.
D.Climbers
are
twice
as
likely
to
reach
top
of
Mount
Everest
than
in
Past.
2
The
semi-finals
for
the
League
of
Legends
(LOL)
World
Championship
2020
ended
on
Sunday
with
Chinese
team
Suning
finally
defeating
another
Chinese
team
Top
Esports
to
earn
a
ticket
to
the
final
against
Damwon
Gaming
from
South
Korea.
The
result
has
captured
the
attention
of
Chinese
netizens,
showing
the
huge
influence
of
esports
in
China.
Several
hashtags
such
as
“LOL
Worlds
semi-finals”
and
“Suning
gets
to
the
final”
have
earned
more
than
a
billion
views
on
China’s
Twitter-like
Sina
Weibo
as
of
Monday.
Top
Esports
was
one
of
favorites
to
win
in
the
semi-finals,
while
Suning
was
commonly
seen
as
a
loser,
but
the
latter
finally
broke
through
to
win
3-1.
After
the
game,
one
member
of
the
defeated
team,
Karsa,
shed
tears
at
the
event,
which
quickly
became
a
hot
topic
on
Sina
Weibo.
In
a
message
posted
to
Sina
Weibo
after
the
competition,
Top
Esports
said
that
they
regret
not
making
it
to
the
final
and
that
they
felt
sorry
for
their
fans,
“but
our
pursuit
of
victory
will
never
stop.
We
will
carry
on
with
this
regret.”
Instead
of
blaming
them
for
their
failure,
most
netizens
encouraged
them
to
try
again
in
2021.
While
many
media
outlets
are
calling
Suning’s
win
a
surprise,
but
a
commentator
for
an
esports
team
based
in
Shanghai
surnamed
Zhang
told
the
Global
Times
on
Monday
that
the
result
is
not
surprising.
“After
Top
Esports
barely
defeated
Fnatic
with
a
3-2
score,
I
felt
that
the
entire
team,
except
for
Karsa,
performed
worse
than
before.
The
middle
lane
and
bottom
lane
of
the
team
were
off
line
when
playing
against
Suning
and
did
not
play
to
their
usual
level,”
Zhang
said.
He
praised
Suning,
saying
their
skills
were
improving,
“but
the
team
still
has
a
gap
with
Damwon
Gaming.
I
hope
they
can
lose
as
gloriously
as
possible.”
Suning,
which
was
formed
by
Chinese
commercial
retail
enterprise
Suning,
also
posted
on
Sina
Weibo
on
Sunday
to
thank
everyone
who
supported
the
team,
saying
that
they
will
try
their
best
to
guard
the
glory
of
the
League
of
Legends
Pro
League.
Li,
a
Suning
fan
living
in
Shanghai,
was
glad
to
see
the
team
she
supports
win.
“The
team
has
constantly
grown
during
the
Worlds
this
year,
although
all
members
of
the
team
are
freshmen,”
she
said.
Li
was
also
a
little
regretful
for
Top
Esports
as
the
team
is
the
only
one
that
has
all
Chinese
members.
“Making
the
impossible
possible
through
hard
work
is
the
charm
of
esports.
I
think
it
is
full
of
passion,”
Li
said,
explaining
why
she
loves
esports.
5.Which
team
is
the
Chinese
team
Suning
ready
to
fight
against
next?
A.League
of
Legends
B.Top
Esports
C.Damwon
Gaming
D.Fnatic
6.What
did
Mr.
Zhang,
the
commentator,
think
of
the
failure
of
Top
Esports?
A.He
thought
that
there
was
still
a
gap
between
Top
Esports
and
Damwon
Gaming.
B.He
thought
that
the
result
was
not
beyond
his
expectation.
C.He
believed
that
every
one
of
the
team
had
performed
worse
than
ever
before.
D.He
believed
that
Sunning’s
winning
was
just
a
lucky
thing.
7.Which
of
the
following
statements
about
the
team
Suning
is
correct?
A.The
team
is
to
fight
against
Damwon
Gaming
from
South
Korea
in
the
semi-final.
B.The
team
is
financed
by
a
commercial
retail
enterprise.
C.The
team
consists
of
all
Chinese
members.
D.The
team
is
now
equivalent
to
Damwon
Gaming.
3
A
new
study
suggests
drinking
coffee
as
soon
as
someone
wakes
up
from
a
poor
night's
sleep
greatly
affects
metabolism
(新陈代谢)
and
blood
sugar
control.
In
the
study,
published
in
the
British
Journal
of
Nutrition,
UK
researchers
let
29
healthy
men
and
women
take
part
in
three
different
overnight
experiments.
In
the
first
two
scenes,
participants
were
given
a
sugary
drink
upon
waking-first
from
a
normal
night's
sleep,
and
then
again
after
a
poor
night's
sleep
during
which
they
were
woken
up
for
five
minutes
every
hour.
In
the
third,
their
sleep
was
similarly
disrupted,
but
they
were
given
a
strong
black
coffee
30
minutes
before
consuming
the
sugary
drink.
Blood
samples
from
participants
were
taken
following
the
sugary
drink,
which
mirrored
the
calories
of
a
typical
breakfast,
in
each
experiment.
Results
showed
that
one
night
of
disrupted
sleep
did
not
worsen
the
participants'
blood
sugar
responses
at
breakfast
when
compared
to
a
normal
night
of
sleep.
However,
strong
black
coffee
consumed
before
breakfast
in-creased
the
blood
sugar
response
by
around
50
percent.
By
drinking
such
kind
of
drink
after
breakfast,
UK
researchers
found
that
our
bodies'
ability
to
break
down
our
food
healthily
is
completely
improved.
Examining
the
effects
of
bro-ken
sleep
and.
morning
coffee
across
a
range
of
different
metabolic
markers,
scientists
at
the
University
of
Bath
found
that,
while
one
night
of
poor
sleep
had
a
limited
effect
on
metabolism,
drinking
coffee
before
breakfast
could
have
a
negative
effect
on
blood
sugar
control.
“We
know
that
nearly
half
of
us
will
wake
in
the
morning
and,
before
doing
anything
else,
drink
coffee—the
more
tired
we
feel,
the
stronger
the
coffee
is.
This
study
is
important
and
has
far-reaching
health
influences,
and
it
indeed
moves
some
coffee
drinkers'
heartstrings.
As
up
to
now
we
have
had
limited
knowledge
about
what
this
is
doing
to
our
bodies,
in
particular
for
our
metabolic
and
blood
sugar
control,
so
we
have
a
long
way
to
go.”
said
Professor
James
Betts,
co-director
of
the
Centre
for
Nutrition,
Exercise
and
Metabolism
at
the
University
of
Bath.
8.How
did
UK
researchers
get
the
result
of
the
experiment?
A.By
assumption.
B.By
making
comparisons.
C.By
questionnaire.
D.By
consulting
journals.
9.What
can
we
learn
from
the
experiment?
A.One
night
of
poor
sleep
surely
affects
blood
sugar.
B.Drinking
coffee
after
breakfast
does
harm
to
health.
C.Having
strong
drinks
has
a
good
effect
on
metabolism.
D.Drinking
coffee
at
different
time
has
different
effects
on
health.
10.What
does
James
Betts
think
of
the
study?
A.It
makes
no
sense.
B.It
is
limited
and
blind.
C.It
remains
to
be
continued.
D.It
is
particular
and
explicit.
11.What
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.How.
Much
Coffee
to
Drink
Matters
B.Does
Coffee
Really
Wake
Up
an
Appetite?
C.Drinking
Coffee
before
Breakfast
Harms
Metabolism
D.How
Does
Drinking
Black
Coffee
Affect
People's
Sleep?
4
Every
day
around
the
world,
thousands
of
people
with
little
to
no
scholarly
training
in
art
history
walk
into
museums.
They
may
or
may
not
read
notice
boards
that
share
relevant
information
of
the
artworks
or
artists.
Imagine,
before
being
permitted
to
direct
their
eyeballs
to
the
art
on
the
walls,
museum
visitors
were
required
to
read
a
15-or
20-page
introduction
to
each
piece
or
each
artist.
How
many
people
would
go
to
museums
if
that
were
the
case?
Yet
this
seems
to
be
the
expectation
when
it
comes
to
reading
classic
literature.
Classic
novels
typically
come
with
15-or
20-page
introductions,
which
often
include
spoilers,
assuming
that
readers
do
not
come
to
classic
books
to
discover,
be
absorbed
in,
and
be
surprised
by
the
story
world.
Also,
apparently,
we
mustn't
read
classics
alone,
without
experts
guiding
our
experiences.
However,
classic
literature
is
in
a
unique
position
to
show
us
that
we'
re
not
alone
in
our
pains
and
joys.
By
taking
us
out
of
our
time,
classic
books
free
us
to
see
beyond
the
set
of
beliefs
we
stick
to
and
to
connect
human
experiences
that
remain
alive
across
time
and
place.
What
could
be
more
grounding,
more
comforting,
than
seeing
ourselves
in
the
battles,
longings,
and
pleasures
that
have
played
out
across
hundreds,
thousands
of
years
of
human
history?
Our
personal
engagement
is
the
first
step
of
a
longer
journey
of
discovery
that
deepens
our
knowledge
and
understanding
of
ourselves
and
our
world.
We
may
for
example,
feel
for
Hester
Prynne
from
Nathaniel
Hawthorne's
The
Scarlet
Letter
though
we
despair
of
the
world
she
lived
in.
While
we're
letting
go
of
things,
let's
stop
worrying
about
understanding
everything.
We
can't.
It
will
be
fun
if
we
embrace
curiosity,
the
pleasure
of
working
out
a
mystery,
and
our
common
relationships
as
humans.
We
can
feel,
for
example,
the
power
of
self-sacrifice
in
Charles
Dickens'A
Tale
of
Two
Cities
even
when
we
lack
full
understanding
of
the
cultural
references
and
language.
12.Most
museum
goers_________.
A.lack
professional
art
knowledge
B.understand
the
artworks
well
C.enjoy
reading
notice
boards
D.share
common
interest
in
artworks
13.What
can
the
"spoilers"
in
Para.
2
possibly
be?
A.Story
writers
B.Readers'
expectations.
C.Plots
given
away
in
advance
D.Guiding
experts
14.What
prevents
readers
enjoying
reading
classics?
A.Showing
curiosity
about
the
writers
B.Letting
go
of
things.
C.Working
out
mysteries.
D.Trying
to
understanding
everything.
15.What
message
is
mainly
conveyed
in
the
passage?
A.We
should
find
more
fun
from
classics.
B.Classic
literature
benefits
readers
a
great
deal
C.Experts
need
to
give
readers
better
guidance.
D.Reading
classics
is
a
personal
exploration.
