模块2 Unit 5 Rhythm虚拟语气 教学案

英语专题复习 虚拟语气 教学案
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，说话人陈述的并不是事实，而是表达一种愿望、假设和猜测等。只有在非真实的条件句中才使用虚拟语气，如果假设的条件有可能实现，用真实条件句。如果假设的条件无法实现或实现的可能性很小，则用虚拟语气。
一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用
1、if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 （基础知识☆☆☆☆☆）
非真实条件句表示不可能实现的假设。条件句与主句皆须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的时态形式有三种：
(1) 表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用：动词过去式(be一般用were)，主句谓语动词用：should (would, could, might)+动词原形。
① If you _________(be) the UN Secretary General, _______you _______(stop) the wars on the earth
② If he ____________(have) a chance, he ____________(choose) to study abroad.
(2) 表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用：had+过去分词，主句谓语动词用：should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词。
③If Li Li ______(spend) more time on her studies, she _____(admit) to Tsinghua University last year.
(3)表示一种假设在将来实现的可能性很小或者根本无法实现，从句谓语动词可用三种形式：①动词过去式 ②were to +动词原形 ③should+动词原形，主句谓语动词用：should (would, could, might)+动词原形。
④If you_____(win) a lottery(彩票) of a million dollars one day, _____ you still ____(go) to school
⑤If it _________(snow) tomorrow, all the PE lessons __________________(cancel).
2、错综时间虚拟条件句中 (难点☆☆☆)
如果条件句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致，从句和主句的谓语动词的形式要根据各自的时间来调整, 这种情况被称作错综时间虚拟语气（混合虚拟语气）。
①If America ________(not make) wars on Iraq, the Iraqi ( http: / / dict. / Iraqi / " \t "_blank ) people _________ (live) a peaceful life now.
②If I __________(be) you, I __________(visit) the museum yesterday.
③If we _________(not take) an exam tomorrow, my friends and I _________(play) football now.
3、省略连词if 的虚拟条件句中(易错点☆☆☆)
如果把连接条件从句的连词if省略，必须将从句的谓语部分的助动词had, 情态动词should或系动词were等移至主语之前，构成倒装语序。☆谐音记忆：（还had属should我were）
①Had he known my address (=If____________________________), he would have visited me earlier.
②Should I meet Jay Zhou some day(=If________________________), I might tell him that I like him.
③Were I you (=If _______________________), I would get on well with my teachers and classmates.
4、含蓄虚拟条件句(难点☆)
有时不用条件句表示非真实的条件，而用一些短语或通过上下文中暗含某种非真实的条件，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。
(1) 通过with, without, but for和动词不定式短语等表示虚拟的条件
①She’d look better with shorter hair. (=If __________________________)
②Without your help, we could not have completed the task ahead of time. (=If___________________)
③But for the heavy snow, I could have gone on holiday. (=If_______________________)
④It would be easier to do it in this way.
⑤She would be shocked to hear the news.（=If_____________________________）
(2) 句中有or, or else, otherwise, but等词语，暗示句子某一部分（前句或后句）用虚拟语气。
⑥He was on business in Beijing at that time; otherwise he _____________________(help) us.
⑦Luckily Mary telephoned to inform me of the meeting, or I _______________________(be) absent.
⑧I __________________(attend) my friend’s wedding ceremony, but I couldn’t afford the time.
(3) 在一些日常会话中，一些简单句通常暗含虚拟的意味。句中的谓语动词用would/could/should be等形式或should/would/could/might have been等形式。
It couldn’t be better. 那太好 ( http: / / dict. / %E5%A5%BD / " \t "_blank )了。
That ( http: / / dict. / That / " \t "_blank ) would ( http: / / dict. / would / " \t "_blank ) be ( http: / / dict. / be / " \t "_blank ) very nice ( http: / / dict. / nice / " \t "_blank ). 太好 ( http: / / dict. / %E5%A5%BD / " \t "_blank )了。
I ( http: / / dict. / I / " \t "_blank ) couldn't agree ( http: / / dict. / agree / " \t "_blank ) with you more ( http: / / dict. / more / " \t "_blank ). 我非常同意 ( http: / / dict. / %E5%90%8C%E6%84%8F / " \t "_blank )你的意见。
I wouldn’t have dreamed of it. 我做梦也没有想到啊！
How careless I was! I could have done better in the exam. 我太粗心了，我本来可以考得很好的。
Tom hasn’t arrived yet. I should have written down the address for him. 我本应该把地址写下来的。
–How was you interview
–It couldn’t have been better. Luckily, I found all the answers to questions.
二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
1、在主语从句中 (易错点☆☆☆)
(1)It is+形容词+that…句型。常见的形容词有important, necessary, natural, funny, strange, surprising, astonishing(令人惊讶的)等。
(2) It is +名词+that…句型。常见的名词有pity, shame, advice, suggestion, proposal(提议,建议), requirement, request, desire, order等。
(3) It is+动词的过去分词+ that…句型。常见的动词有advise, order, propose, request, suggest, demand, require等。
在以上三种句型中，主语从句的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”, should可省略。
①It is important that we ___________ (have) a good knowledge of computer in modern times.
②It is necessary that these useful expressions _________________(learn) by heart.
③It ( http: / / dict. / It / " \t "_blank ) is ( http: / / dict. / is / " \t "_blank ) a ( http: / / dict. / a / " \t "_blank ) shame ( http: / / dict. / shame / " \t "_blank ) that ( http: / / dict. / that / " \t "_blank ) children ____________________(have) to beg in the streets in the capital city.
④It's suggested that the school ______________(organize) an outing when spring comes.
⑤It is required that middle-schools students ___________(take) at least one-hour exercise every day.
2、在宾语从句中（重点记忆内容☆☆☆☆☆）
在下列动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。这类动词有：insist(坚持), urge (催促), order(命令), command(命令), request（请求,要求), demand(要求），require（要求,需要）suggest（建议），advise（建议），propose(建议) , recommend(建议,推荐)等。
☆记忆小窍门：一个“坚持”和”催促”、二个“命令”, 三个“要求”, 四个“建议”
①The captain insisted that the wounded soldier _________(send) to hospital at once.
②The policeman demanded the robber _________(tell) his name and address.
③Doctors strongly recommend that fathers ____________(be) present at their baby's birth.
注意：insist表示“坚持说”，suggest表示“暗示，表明”，宾语从句用陈述语气。(易错点☆☆)
④The smile on the hero’s face suggested that he _______(be) happy to die for his country.
⑤The man insisted that he ___________(not steal) anything and ___________(set) free immediately.
3、在表语从句和同位语从句中（基础知识☆☆☆）
在含有advice, order, demand, proposal(提议) requirement, suggestion等名词的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。
①The president gave order that the flood _______________(control) before dark.
②My suggestion/advice/proposal is that the project ____________ (complete) by the end of the year.
在一些名词性从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或“should +have done”，表示惊讶、意志等感彩，译为“竟然，居然”。(难点☆☆☆)
I am surprised /shocked that you should speak in such a way.
I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to his mum.
It is strange /surprising that she should not have been invited.
I am glad that your story should have won the first prize.
4、在wish后的宾语从句中（基础知识☆☆）
(1) 表示将来的愿望实现的可能性非常小，wish后的宾语从句的谓语动词用should/would/could/ might+动词原形。
①We wish the friendship between China and France ___________(last) forever.
(2) 表示与现在事实相反的愿望，宾语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)。
②He always wishes he _____ (be) a millionaire and _________(own) a big house and a sports car.
(3）表示与过去事实相反的愿望，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。
③How he wished he_________(not waste) too much time on playing computer games while at school.
5、在would rather/would prefer后的宾语从句中(难点☆☆)
在would rather/would prefer后的宾语从句中，常用过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
①Frankly speaking, I would rather you ______(come) tomorrow. The manager isn’t available today.
②I would rather you _____________(be) to the party with me last night. It was really wonderful.
③—Could I smoke here
—I'd prefer it if you________________(not smoke) in front of the children.
三、在as if, as though方式状语从句中（基础知识☆☆☆）
在as if/though 后的方式状语从句中，表示某种情况与现在的事实相反, 谓语动词用过去式；表示即将发生的情况“用情态动词+动词原形”；表示某种的情况有过去的事实相反, 谓语动词用过去完成时。
①The coach always treats the players as if he ________(be) their own father.
② Her head felt as if it ____(burst).
③ Gary was behaving as though nothing _______（happen）.
有时：as if/though从句描述的是事实，则用陈述语气。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
It sounds as though she has been really ill.
四、在in case, in order that目的状语从句中 （基础知识☆☆☆）
在in case 引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”;在so that, in order that 等引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词除了用“should+动词原形”外，还可用“might/could/would+动词原形”。
①In case you should need any help, here’s my number.
②In order that training should be effective it must be planned systematically.
③I took a taxi so that I would/could/might be in time for the appointment.
五、在定语从句中（基础知识☆☆☆）
在It is (high) time(that)…从句中，谓语用过去时或用should+动词原形。should不可省略。
It’s high time that we ________________(devote) our time to preparing for the coming exam.
六、在if only感叹句中（基础知识☆☆☆）
if only表示“但愿……”，“要是……就好了”，句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。其构成的方法与wish后的宾语从句基本相同。
①If only Xiao Hua’s mother _________(be) still alive!
②If only I __________ (know) the answer when my teacher questioned me.
③If only I _________(pass) the coming College Entrance Examination.
七、在简单句中（应了解的内容☆☆☆）
1、情态动词Would/could/might，表示说话人的礼貌或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。
Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office 您能否指点我去邮局的路？
Could you let me have your passport 看看你的护照好吗？
Might I speak to you for a moment 我能和你谈一下吗？(比用may客气)
2、表示祝愿
“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，通常把may置于句首，构成倒装语序。
May you succeed in the future!
May the friendship between us last long！
注意事项：1、有时只在条件句或主句中使用虚拟语气，而另一分句用陈述语气。
If you should change your mind, do let me know.
Should anyone call (= If anyone calls), please tell them that I’m busy.
Can you read that form carefully, if you wouldn’t mind, and then sign it
I'd appreciate it if you can/could do me a favor.
I'd appreciate it if you let me get on with my job.
3、“had better/would rather, would like/love to, was/were to+ have done sth ”表示过去希望做某事，但未做。
4、had thought/hoped/meant/intended/expected/wanted/planned that + 从句 表示主语过去未曾实现的愿望。
We were to/would like to have arrived at 9:00 this morning, but I missed the first bus.
I had hoped/expected wanted/planned that I would be of some help to you, but you didn’t ask me.
--Lucy is crying in the corner now. Did you scold her for her carelessness in her homework
--Yes, but I’d rather not have done it. 我要是不批评她就好了。
二、高考真题
1. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _________ yesterday.（07全国1卷）
A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened
2. ______ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. （07全国2卷）
A. If B. Since C. Though D. When
3. They _____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go. (07山东） A. had got B. got C. have got D. get
4. _______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (06湖北)
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be
5. If it were not for the fact that she sing, I would invite her to the party. (06福建)
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not
6. —Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away (05江西)
—Thank you. _________.
A. It couldn’t be better B. Of course you can C. If you like D. It’s up to you
7. He _______ have entered free, but he paid for a seat. (05山东)
A. need B. would C. must D. could
8.—What would you do if it tomorrow
—We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready. (05全国1卷)
A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining
9 But for your help, we the project in time. A. cannot finish Bwillnot finish C. hadn’t finished D. couldn’t have finished
10.—How do you ________we go to Beijing for our holidays
—I think we’d better fly there. It’s much more comfortable. (04福建)
A．insist B．suggest C．suppose D．want
11. You did not let me drive. I f we ______in turn, you ______ so tired..
A .drove ,did not get B drove, wouldn’t get C .had driven, wouldn’t have got
12. — Do you mind if I open the window —______ I feel a bit cold.（04广东）
A. Of course not. B. I’d rather you didn’t. C. Go ahead. D. Why not
13. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ___________ your advice. (03上海春)
A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow
14. How I wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden! (02上海春)
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
15. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (02上海)
　A. wouldn't have fallen B. had not fallen 　C. should fall D. were to fall
16. _____ be sent to work there （02上海）
A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should
17. What would have happened, ______ (01上海)
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
通过分析，高考对虚拟语气的考查方法归纳如下：Keys:1—10 DABBC ADBDB 11—17CBCBB AC
1、选择as if从句中的谓语动词 (1)
2、选择从句的连词 (2,11 )
3、区别陈述语气与虚拟语气 (3, 5)
4、省略if 从句倒装语序 (4,17)
5、简单句/交际用语中的虚拟语气 (6)
6、“情态动词＋have done” 结构辨析 (7)
7、if从句中的谓语动词/情态动词 (8, 9 ,15,)
8、动词辨析(其后的宾语从句为虚拟语气) (10)
9、would rather从句中的谓语动词 (12)
10、if only感叹句中的谓语动词 (13)
11、wish后宾语从句中的谓语动词 (14)　　
12、混合疑问句中的语序 (16)
三、应试的知识的方法和技巧
1、在条件句中，从句和主语的谓语动词应保持对应关系
例句a：If I have enough money, I will buy an MP4 player.
(在陈述语气中，主句的谓语动词用将来时，从句的的谓语动词用现在时。被称为 “主将从现” ）
例句b：If I had enough money, I would buy an MP4 player.
（在虚拟语气中，如果从句的谓语动词用过去式，主句的谓语动词用：情态动词+动词原形）
解题方法一：根据上下句中的谓语动词判断句子的语气，从而确定谓语动词的形式
① _____for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. (1995 上海)　
A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not　　
2、根据题干中提供的具体信息，如时间状语、副词、 连词、介词短语等判断句子的语气。
② He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal. (2001上海春)
　A. had scored B. scored 　C. would score D. would have scored
③ If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. (2000上海)
　A. lies 　 D. lay 　 C. had lain 　D. should lie
3、认真挖掘题干中隐含的有效信息，如句意和上下文的逻辑关系等，判断句子的动词形式。
④He ___ you more help even though he was very busy.
A. might have given 　B．might have C. may have given 　D. may give
⑤ They _____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go. (2007山东）
A. had got B. got C. have got D. get.
⑥If it were not for the fact that she sing, I would invite her to the party. (2006福建)
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not
4、排除较强的干扰因素，分清陈述语气还是虚拟语气
⑦ The workers will go on strike if the demands they ____put forward are turned down. (2006福建)
A. could B. would C. 不填 D. had
⑧The cleaners demanded that they ____ get pay raised because of the rising prices.
A. must B. should C. might D. would
5、重视主干知识教学，例如区别“情态动词+have done”结构的不同含义和使用场合
must have done“肯定已经发生某事”，用于肯定句，表示把握较大的肯定的推测。
needn’t have done“本来没有必要做某事（而已经做了）”。
can/could have done “可能已经做某事”，只用于疑问句和否定句，不用肯定句。could have done 还可表示“过去本来能够做某事而未做（虚拟语气）”。can’t/couldn’t have done不可能发生某事
may/might have done “可能已经做某事”，只用陈述句，不用疑问句。表示把握不大的推测。might have done还可表示“过去本来可能做某事而未做（虚拟语气）”。may/might have done可能不没有发生某事
⑨Jane didn’t join us in the discussion yesterday. Otherwise, she ____ something she would regret later.
A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said
⑩ He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. (05北京)
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
四、预测其它可能的考查方法
（1）在单选中考查介词短语的辨析
① _____ the snow disaster, these terrible traffic accidents would have been avoided.
A. But for B. Apart from C. As for D. Except for
（2）在单选中考查陈述语气和虚拟语气的辨析
② I was told that the suggestion Peter made ___ be discussed at the meeting to be held tomorrow.
A. should B. will C. might D. 不填
③ The man insisted that he ____ anything and that _____ free immediately.
A. didn’t steal; set B. didn’t steal; was set C. hadn’t stolen; be set D. has not stolen; set
（3）在短文改错中考查名词性从句的时态
④ He suggested we would take action from now on. (would→should)
附高考必备知识部分参考答案：
一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用
1、if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气
①were, could/would/might /should …stop
② had, might/would/should/could choose
③had spend, might/would have been admitted
④won/should win/were to win, would/should/might…go
⑤were to snow/snowed/should snow, would/might…be cancelled
2、错综时间虚拟条件句中
① had not made, would be living
②had taken, would/might/should/ be
③were, would/might/should have visited
④should not have/didn’t have, would/could/might/should be playing
3、省略连词if的虚拟语气
①(=If you were I) ②(=If he had known my address,
③(=If I should meet Jay Zhou some day),
4、含蓄虚拟条件句(难点☆☆☆☆☆)
①(=if she had her hair cut shorter )
②(=If it had not been for)
③(=If there had not been the heavy snow)
④(=If she heard the news）
⑤might/should/could/would have helped
⑥might/should/could/would have been
⑦might/should/could/would have attended
二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
1、在主语从句中 ①(should) have ②(should) be learnt
③(should) organize ⑤(should) take
2、在宾语从句中（重点记忆内容☆☆☆☆☆）
①(should) be sent ②(should) be ③(should) be ④was
⑤ had not stolen, (should) be set
3、在表语从句和同位语从句中
①(should) be controlled ②(should) be completed
4、在wish后的宾语从句中
① would last ② were, owned ③hadn’t wasted
5、在would rather/would prefer从句中
①came②had been③ didn’t smoke
三、在as if, as though 方式状语从句中
① were ② would burst ③ had happened.
四、在in case, in order that目的状语从句中
五、在定语从句中
It’s high time that we got/should get down to studying.
六、在if only感叹句中
① were ② had known ③would/could/might pass
PAGE
5