专题04 中考阅读技巧总结 备战2021年中考英语复习知识点总结

专题四：中考阅读技巧总结
戏法一：阅读A
三步走
第一步：审题，划关键词
第二步：定位，找对应句
第三步：分析，得出答案
【戏法演绎】
My
favorite
area
in
Britain
is
a
country
called
Northumberland
in
the
north-east
of
the
country.
I
like
it
because
it
has
mountains,
the
sea
and
history.
The
mountains
are
not
very
high.
In
China
you
would
probably
call
them
hills
rather
than
mountains
as
they
are
less
than
1,
000
meters
high,
but
there
is
something
wild
about
these
mountains
you
get
a
feeling
of
space
and
freedom.
You
can
walk
for
miles
without
meeting
another
person.
Northumberland
is
full
of
history.
There
are
seven
castles,
some
of
them
were
ruined
and
the
others
still
there
as
they
were
centuries
ago.
You
can
find
graves
going
back
to
prehistoric
(史前的，times
and
strange
carvings
on
rocks
which
nobody
understands.
The
coast
line
is
dramatic
too,
with
beautiful
sandy
beaches.
These
beaches
are
rarely
crowded
because
the
weather
is
unpredictable
and
the
North
Sea
is
very
cold!
People
don’t
go
for
seaside
holidays
to
Northumberland
because
of
the
cold
sea
and
weather,
so
even
in
high
season
there
aren’t
many
tourists.
There
is
an
island
called
Holy
Island
off
the
coast
of
Northunberland,
you
can
get
to
the
island
by
car
or
on
foot
when
the
tide
is
out.
There
is
also
one
castle
I
particularly
like.
It
is
a
14th
century
castle
which
stands
on
a
cliff
right
by
the
sea.
The
castle
is
almost
completely
ruined,
but
it
looks
dramatic
and
romantic
because
you
can
still
see
the
gate
and
two
of
its
owners.
On
a
summer’s
day
you
can
lie
on
the
beach
nearby
and
let
your
mind
wander
as
you
look
at
this
dream-like
castle.
On
a
winter’s
day
you
can
walk
to
the
castle
and
watch
the
waves
crash
into
the
cliff,
wondering
how
this
castle
has
stood
so
long
against
the
forces
of
nature.
I
once
said
to
a
friend
of
mine
that
I
thought
this
castle
by
the
sea
was
the
most
beautiful
place
in
the
world.
She
laughed
and
said
there
must
be
many
more
dramatic
places
in
the
world.
In
one
way,
I’m
sure
she’s
right,
but
for
me,
it’s
not
just
about
what
a
place
looks
like,
it’s
about
what
it
says
to
you.
1.In
China
people
probably
call
them
mountains
which
are________
1,000
meters
high.
A.less
than
B.
nearly
C.
more
than
D.
almost
【解析】
第一步：
第1题关键词为call
them
mountains,1000meters
high。
第二步：
把关键词代入文章内，对应句为第一段In
China
you
would
probably
call
them
hills
rather
than
mountains
as
they
are
less
than
1,
000
meters
high.
第三步：
分析call
them
hills
rather
than叫他们小山坡而不是大山，所以要高于1000meters才算大山，得出答案.。
【答案】C
2.
Not
many
people
visit
the
beautiful
beach
because
of
________.
A.the
soft
sands
B.
the
cold
sea
and
weather
C.the
warm
sea
D.
the
island
nearby
【解析】
第一步：
第2题关键词为not,visit
the
beautiful
beach。
第二步：
把关键词代入文章内，对应句第二段These
beaches
are
rarely
crowded
because
the
weather
is
unpredictable
and
the
North
Sea
is
very
cold!
第三步：
分析可知weather和cold
sea。
【答案】B
3.
How
are
the
seven
castles
in
Northumberland?
A.
They
are
modern
and
fantastic.
B.
They
are
all
complete
and
magnificent
C.
Some
hasn’t
changed
at
all
for
centuries.
D.
Some
are
full
of
strange
carvings.
【解析】
第一步：
第3题关键词为seven
castles
in
Northumberland.
第二步：
把关键词代入文章内，对应句第二段There
are
seven
castles..strange
carvings
on
rocks
which
nobody
understands.
第三步：
分析nobody
understands无人懂得，可知为strange奇怪，可知答案为D
【答案】D
4.
Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
True
about
the
reason
why
the
author
likes
the
14th
century
castle?
A.
It
was
built
in
the
14th
century
on
a
cliff
right
by
the
sea.
B.
It
looks
very
dramatic
and
romantic
with
two
towers
but
no
gate.
C.
The
author
can
let
his
mind
wander
as
he
looks
at
this
dream-like
castle.
D.
The
author
can
walk
to
the
castle
and
watch
the
waves
crash
into
the
cliff.
【解析】
第一步：
第4题关键词为reason,
author
likes
the
14th
century
castle.
第二步：
把关键词代入文章内，对应句第三段The
castle
is
almost
completely
ruined,
but
it
looks
dramatic
and
romantic
because
you
can
still
see
the
gate
and
two
of
its
owners.
第三步：
分析得出是有gate门的，可知答案为B.
【答案】B
5.
From
the
last
paragraph
in
the
passage,
we
know________.
A.the
author’s
friend
agreed
on
his
opinion
about
the
castle.
B.the
author
doesn’t
think
there
are
many
more
dramatic
places
in
the
world.
C.the
author’s
friend
pays
no
attention
to
the
beautiful
scenery.
D.what
the
author
cares
is
not
only
the
scenery
but
also
the
feeling
he
can
get
from
it.
【解析】
第一步：
第5题关键词为last
paragraph.
第二步：
浏览最后一段，对应句but
for
me,
it’s
not
just
about
what
a
place
looks
like,
it’s
about
what
it
says
to
you.
第三步：
可以推断出来对作者而言不仅仅是美丽的风景而且是这个地方对你的意义。可知答案为B.
【答案】B
温馨提示
此类型的题目，可在第一步快速浏览下各个选项，做到心中有数。
6.
You
can
get
the
passage
from
the
following
materials
EXCEPT________.
A.
science
fiction
B.
journals
C.
newspapers
D.
magazines
【解析】这是一篇风景介绍的文章所以不可能来科幻小说。
【答案】A
【沙场点兵】
The
Earth
is
faced
with
a
serious
power
problem
now
and
all
of
us
are
affected
by
it.
Should
we
leave
everything
to
the
government,
or
can
we
do
something
to
save
power?
The
answer
is
clear
if
not
us,
who?
Let
us
look
at
how
you
can
save
power
at
puter.
More
often
than
not,
we
do
not
turn
off
our
monitors(显示屏)
even
after
we
have
shut
down
our
computers.
And
we
often
leave
our
computers
on
when
we
walk
away
to
do
something
else.
Keep
the
monitor
and
the
computer
switched
off
when
you
are
not
using
them.
Start
doing
this
even
when
at
work.
You
will
help
save
some
of
the
earth’s
important
power.
Air
Conditioning:
Put
the
temperature
at
the
minimum
or
maximum
strongest
that
you
are
comfortable
with,
depending
on
the
season.
Try
not
to
put
it
at
too-high
or
too-low
temperatures.
This
helps
you
save
lots
of
power.
Washers:
Do
you
use
your
washing
machine
as
frequently
as
you
wish?
Do
you
use
your
washing
machine
even
when
there
are
not
many
clothes
to
wash?
Reduce
the
times
of
washing
by
cleaning
plenty
of
clothes
every
time.
Television:
Unplug(拔出插头)
the
power
plug
of
your
television
set
when
not
using
it.
This
may
not
sound
like
a
big
deal
but
this
little
step
will
help
oneself
save
power.
Fridge:
Do
you
always
put
hot
food
into
the
fridge?
Bring
cooked
food
to
room
temperatures
before
placing
it
into
the
fridge.
You
can
also
spare
power
by
bringing
cold
or
frozen
food
out
of
the
icebox
a
great
deal
ahead
of
the
mealtime.
Thus,
you
don’t
need
to
heat
it.
1.The
underlined
part
in
the
first
paragraph
means
“_________”
A.
if
we
don’t
use
power,
who
will
use
it?
B.
The
government
should
be
responsible
for
saving
power.
C.
If
it
is
necessary
to
save
power,
who
will
do
it?
D.
Everyone
should
do
something
to
saver
power.
【答案】D
【考查角度】推断题
【解析】由“The
answer
is
clear
if
not
us,
who?
Let
us
look
at
how
you
can
save
power
at
home.”可知，答案选D
2.The
writer
thinks
we
often
waste
power
by
not
turning
off
_______.
A.
computers
and
monitors
B.
air
conditioners
C.
washing
machines
D.
television
sets
【答案】A
【考查角度】细节题
【解析】由“,
we
do
not
turn
off
our
monitors(显示屏)
even
after
we
have
shut
down
our
computers.
”、“And
we
often
leave
our
computers
on
when
we
walk
away
to
do
something
else.”，可知，答案选A
3.The
underlined
“this”
in
the
third
paragraph
refers
to
_______.
A.
stopping
using
air
conditioners
B.
setting
air
conditioners
at
proper
temperatures
C.
using
smaller
air
conditioners
D.
keeping
air
conditioners
on
for
shorter
time
【答案】B
【考查角度】细节题
【解析】由“Try
not
to
put
it
at
too-high
or
too-low
temperatures.
”可知，答案选B
4.According
to
the
writer,
we’d
better
________.
A.
wash
our
clothes
as
often
as
we
wish
B.
wash
our
clothes
without
using
washers
C.
wash
plenty
of
clothes
at
a
time
D.
use
washers
to
wash
light
clothes
【答案】C
【考查角度】主旨题
【解析】由“
Reduce
the
times
of
washing
by
cleaning
plenty
of
clothes
every
time.”可知，答案选C
5.The
writer
mentions
________
way(s)
of
saving
power
when
we
use
the
fridge.
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4
【答案】B
【考查角度】细节题
【解析】由“Bring
cooked
food
to
room
temperatures
before
placing
it
into
the
fridge.
You
can
also
spare
power
by
bringing
cold
or
frozen
food
out
of
the
icebox
a
great
deal
ahead
of
the
mealtime.
”可知是两种方法，答案为B
6.The
best
title
for
the
passage
is
“_______”.
A.
How
to
live
green
B.
How
to
buy
electrical
products
C.
How
to
be
safe
at
home
D.
How
to
save
money
【答案】A
【考查角度】主旨题
【解析】文章都在介绍如何节约能源，倡导绿色生活，答案选A
戏法二：一二三四
完形结束
四种常用解题方法和步骤：
巧用首句信息：
利用首句把握文章的体裁；
分析首句信息，预测下文内容，给文章定基调。
例1：
“I
can’t
believe
what
I’m
hearing!”
I
thought
to
myself.
Jeff
was
the
last
candidate
(候选人)for
president
of
Student
Council.
My
best
friend
Tony
came
to
me
and
said.
“I’m
sorry,
Mike.
I
really
thought
you
should
be
__1__.”
Later
that
day,
I
happened
to
pass
Jeff
in
the
dining
room.
I
offered
him
a
__2__
“Congratulations”
and
walked
to
my
usual
table.
To
my
surprise,
Jeff
put
his
plate
beside
mine.
“I’m,
er—I’m
just
wondering
if
you
would
…consider
coming
to
work
on
my
team,”
he
said__3__.
“You
are
really
smart,
and
you
would
be
a
great
manager.”
1.
A.
heard
B.
chosen
C.
invited
D.
followed
2.
A.
polite
B.
loud
C.
warm
D.
cheerful
3.
A.
proudly
B.
quickly
C.
nervously
D.
regretfully
【答案】B
A
C
【解析】此处节选的了文章的前三段和前三个空。第一句就给文章定了基调和方向:本应我当选，有点不能接受Jeff当选了，自己落选的事实。这就决定了2空我仅是礼貌性的（polite）说了声“Congratulations”，而不是发自内心的（则会考虑到BCD选项）；同时第3空，当他向我提出offer时，考虑到我的情绪，应该是小心翼翼的进行试探，nervously最符合说话人的当时的心态。
2巧用上下文语境：
1）注意上下文的信息提示；
2）利用重复出现的词语。
例2：
An
eighth
grader
said,
“It’ll
be
like
attending
a
new
school
with
Jeff
as
president.”
Hearing
these
words
made
my
heart
filled
with
__1__.
I
had
wanted
to
become
president
of
Student
Council
to
make
a
difference.
I
achieved
that
and
more
by
working
as
a
member
of
Jeff’s
team.
He
became
the
most
popular
candidate
and
I
was
large
part
of
his
__2__.
The
fact
that
it
has
made
a
difference
in
other
people’s
lives
is
the
real
prize.
What
a
great
feeling!
1.
A.
pride
B.
surprise
C.
patience
D.
hope
2.
A.
luck
B.
spirit
C.
life
D.
success
【答案】A
D
【解析】根据黑体字所提示的上下文线索，只有感到pride是最合适的，而我的所作的工作是Jeff的success的重要因素，中间段落都在描述作者为Jeff成功竞选所做的工作。
例3：
Among
them,
a
weak
boy
with
ugly
teeth
and
thick
glasses
kept
shaking.
I
had
seen
him
around,
and
I
knew
he
was
always
laughed
at.
He
seemed
____1_____
of
himself,
and
was
so
pale
that
it
_____2_____
us
to
look
at
him…
It
took
him
nearly
five
minutes
to
sign
and
when
I
got
my
yearbook
back,
there
was
a
very
shaky
"RICKY".
He
hugged
(紧抱)
his
yearbook
and
____3____.
I
couldn't
help
but
smile
back
at
him.
1.
A.
unafraid
B.
unsure
C.
proud
D.
tired
2.
A.
worried
B.
surprised
C.
taught
D.
hurt
3.
A.
smiled
B.
waited
C.
left
D.
rose
【答案】B
D
A
【解析】根据黑体字的上下文信息和文章中其他对这个男孩的描写，这样的一个boy只能是对自己unsure的，最符合文义；他是这样的一种形象，且很不自信，而且很苍白，当别人看着他的时候，心理只能是膈应，不舒服的（hurt）；第3空则有现成的原词复现和提示smile
back，现有smile，才有smile
back。
例4：
My
father
died
when
I
was
a
few
months
old…
I
honor
my
aunt,
who
taught
me
the
things
my
__1___
couldn’t.
So
every
June
for
the
past
40
years,
in
growing
thankfulness
to
my
Aunt
Marion,
I’ve
sent
her
a
Father’s
Day
card.
1.
A.
teachers
B.
mother
C.
father
D.
friends
【答案】C
【解析】此处节选的是文章的首尾段中的首尾句，文章一开始讲了父亲过世，妈妈带着我回自己娘家和姨妈
Marion一起生活，中间讲了姨妈如何对自己负责，对自己的生活产生影响。尾段与首段和主题呼应，姨妈承担了自己的父亲应该承担的责任，在作者的心中姨妈就是父亲的形象。此题为“面”层面的一个命题。同时黑体字部分也有原词复现和下文线索。
灵活掌握名词、动词在句子中的应用：
结合语境及名词、动词的词义辨析选出最佳答案。对词义的辨析主要集中在实词，即名词、动词、形容词和副词。设题通常以同义词、反义词或易混词的形式出现；
夯实基础，牢记含有名词、动词的短语或固定搭配。
例5：
My
mom
told
me
that
when
I
was
born,
I
was
the
most
beautiful
baby
in
the
world.
Time
passed,
and
I
started
to
be
a
strong
and
happy
girl.
Then,
one
day
when
I
was
five
years
old,
my
life
1
a
lot.
I
had
a
high
fever.
The
doctor
gave
me
the
wrong
medicine,
and
this
caused
me
to
2
my
speech.
My
mom
couldn’t
believe
that
I
could
not
speak.
The
doctor
told
her
that
the
medicine
brought
me
a
lot
of
problems
with
my
speech.
He
thought
that
I
would
3
be
able
to
speak
well
again
or
learn
another
language.
My
mom,
however,
was
a
4
.
She
sent
me
to
a
lot
of
teachers.
Finally,
she
found
the
5
teacher,
Nina,
to
help
me
to
make
my
dream
come
true.
She
was
a
very
nice
person.
She
encouraged
me
and
told
me
that
I
would
speak
again.
1.
A.
proved
B.
changed
C.
improved
D.
increased
2.
A.
have
B.
make
C.
lose
D.
drop
3.
A.
still
B.
never
C.
either
D.
always
4.
A.
fighter
B.
pioneer
C.
protector
D.
volunteer
5.
A.
real
B.
right
C.
clever
D.
patient
【答案】1.
B
2.
C
3.
B
4.
A
5.
B
【解析】此例题体现出完形所挖的空多为实词，动词与名词最多，形容词副词次之。选项涉及词义辨析，难空总有一个特别混淆的选项，如4空的AC选项、5空的BD选项、做题时注意寻找上下文线索来确定正确答案。
例6：
When
we
first
1
the
air,
the
wind
was
very
strong.
But
a
few
seconds
later,
it
became
better.
We
were
in
a
2
fall
for
about
a
minute
before
Jay
pulled
the
parachute's
cord（降落伞绳索）.
44.
A.
hit
B.
touched
C.
met
D.
breathed
45.
A.
hard
B.
heavy
C.
straight
D.
free
【答案】1.A
2.D
【解析】1空的B选项为混淆选项，但根据下文黑体字，刚跳下来时风很强进，向下有重冲击力，hit非常贴切。2空与1空环环相扣，先是感受到阻力，接着经历的是自由下落。
把握常见词的活用：
一词多义
；
词性多变
例7：
My
parents
looked
at
each
other.
My
father
1
again.
“Well,
I
hope
you
went
to
school,”
he
said.
“Uhhh
…
why
would
you
think
otherwise?”
I
asked.
My
parents
exchanged
another
2
and
were
becoming
annoyed.
1.
A.
tried
B.
asked
C.
guessed
D.
ordered
2.
A.
look
B.
word
C.
mind
D.
topic
【答案】1.B
2.A
【解析】A选项学生更熟悉的是动词“看”，但此空其他选项，尤其是BD明显是名词。所以大胆定位推测look作为名词的含义，结合上下文应为爸爸生气了，换了一副“表情”。
【沙场点兵】
Caring
for
a
Pet
Hamster
Choosing
a
pet
You
and
your
parents
agree
that
you
are
ready
for
a
pet.
A
dog
is
too
big.
Mom
is
allergic
to
allergic
to
cats.
So
a
hamster
is
everyone's
number
one
1
.
What
will
it
take
to
keep
your
new
pet
sate
and
happy?
Choose
a
hamster
from
a
pet
store
that
is
clean
and
whose
staff
seems
to
know
about
the
animals
and
is
willing
to
answer
your
questions.
If
the
hamsters
are
not
used
to
being
handled
(处理)，you
probably
want
to
choose
a
younger
one.
You
'll
be
able
to
tame
and
handle
a
younger
one
more
2
than
an
old
one.
Equipment
Before
you
get
your
hamster,
you
should
have
its
new
home
all
set
up.
Hamsters
need
several
pieces
of
equipment,
but
the
only
one
that
is
somewhat
expensive
is
the
cage.
Here
are
the
3
your
hamster
must
have:
a
cage,
bedding
(wood
shavings),
nesting
material
(cotton),
an
exercise
wheel,
a
water
bottle,
a
food
dish
and
food.
Almost
all
of
your
hamster's
life
will
be
spent
in
the
cage,
and
it
needs
room
to
4
.
Buy
the
largest
cage
you
can
afford.
A
wire
cage
is
best
if
you
have
a
draft
-free
place
for
it.
If
the
cage
has
to
sit
near
a
vent,
window
or
door,
then
a
plastic
or
glass
type
with
a
screen
top
is
better.
_
5
Make
sure
that
your
hamster
has
fresh
water
at
all
times.
A
general
hamster
mix
from
the
pet
store
will
make
up
most
of
your
pet
's
diet.
Beyond
that,
learn
what
other
foods
you
can
give
as
treats.
Some
examples
are
carrots,
raisins,
cheese,
dog
biscuits,
and
acorns.
In
general,
do
not
feed
your
hamster
sweets
or
prepared
foods,
such
as
crackers
or
chips.
With
daily
food
and
water,
regular
attention,
and
a
weekly(cage
cleaning,
your
hamster
should
be
6
to
your
household
for
several
years.
1.
A)
disadvantage
B)
choice
C)
result
D)
opinion
【答案】B
【解析】饲养一只仓鼠是第一选择，故选B。
2.
A)
quickly
B)
faithfully
C)
accurately
D)
easily.
【答案】D
【解析】饲养一只小一些的仓鼠比年迈的仓鼠更容易。故选D。
3.A)
items
B)
excuses
C)
programs
D)skills
【答案】A
【解析】根据下文a
cage,
bedding
(wood
shavings),
nesting
material
(cotton),
an
exercise
wheel,
a
water
bottle,
a
food
dish
and
food，可知选A.
4.
A)
grow
up
B)
go
to
sleep
C)
move
around
D)
have
meals
【答案】A
【解析】根据上下文，需要空间移动。故选A.
5.
A)
Feeding
B)
Wasting
C)
Spending
D)
Changing
【答案】A
【解析】根据下文，
文章阐述喂养的问题。故选A.
6.
A)
an
expensive
pet
B)
a
happy
addition
C)
a
good
example
D)
a
trouble
maker
【答案】B
【解析】根据上下文，饲养一只仓鼠，需要打扫笼子，是一种甜蜜的负担。故选B