2021届高三复习高中英语语法定语从句课件（40张ppt）

(共65张PPT)
第五讲
定语从句
他是一个有趣的老人。
他是一位来自美国的老人。
定语的定义
修饰限定名词
翻译为“…的”
定语的形式
interesting
man
有趣的（形容词）
woman
teacher
女的（名词）
a
boy
called
Li
Hua
一个叫李华（非谓语）
a
girl
from
China
来自中国的（介词短语）
他是一个有趣的老人。
他是一位来自美国的老人。
他是一位给孩子们送礼物的老人。
定语从句的含义
一个句子作定语，用来修饰名词或代词
他是一位给孩子们送礼物的老人。
He
is
an
old
man.
He
sends
gifts
to
children.
He
is
an
old
man.
He
sends
gifts
to
children.
He
is
an
old
man
who
sends
gifts
to
children.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
名词或代词
是一个不完整的句子
（缺成分）
关系词
连接主句和从句
指代先行词
在从句中充当成分
He
is
an
old
man
who
sends
gifts
to
children.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
关系代词
关系副词
which,
who,
whom,
whose,
that
where,
when,
why
1
关系代词引导的定语从句
My
mother
is
the
person
who
loves
me
very
much.
My
mother
is
the
person
who
I
love
very
much.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
whom
主
宾
who
先行词是人
定语从句中作主或宾
whom
先行词是人
定语从句中作宾
It
is
the
gift
which
cost
him
1,000
yuan.
It
is
the
gift
which
he
gave
me
yesterday.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
主
宾
which
先行词是物
定语从句中作主或宾
My
mother
is
the
person
who
loves
me
very
much.
My
mother
is
the
person
who
I
love
very
much.
It
is
the
gift
which
cost
him
1,000
yuan.
It
is
the
gift
which
he
gave
me
yesterday.
that
that
that
that
that
先行词是人/物
定语从句中作主或宾
He
is
the
man
whose
hat
is
red.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
The
classroom
________
door
is
broken
will
soon
be
repaired.
whose
whose
先行词指人/物
所属关系
在定语从句中作定语
先行词
成分
关系词
人
主语
who,
that
宾语
who,
whom,
that
物
主语
which,
that
宾语
which,
that
人/物
定语
whose
Do
you
know
the
boy
________
is
my
desk
mate?
That’s
the
girl
________________
I
teach.
I
like
visiting
places
_________
are
not
far
away.
That
is
the
book__________
I
want
to
read.
He
was
a
painter
_______
pictures
were
not
well-known
in
his
life
time.
The
tree
_______
leaves
are
red
was
planted
last
year.
Reviewing
who/that
(who/whom/that)
which/that
(which/that)
whose
whose
1
当先行词是all,
little,
few,
much,
everything,
anything,
nothing,
none,
some等不定代词或被这些不定代词修饰时。
用that不用which的情况
Do
you
have
anything
that
you
want
to
say
for
yourself
?
你有什么要为自己说的吗?
2
当先行词被the
only,
the
very,
the
right(恰恰,正好),
the
last等词修饰时。
用that不用which的情况
This
is
the
very
bus
that
I'm
waiting
for.
这就是我正在等的公共汽车。
3
当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
用that不用which的情况
这是我曾经看过的最有趣的电影。
This
is
the
most
interesting
film
that
I've
ever
seen.
4
当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
用that不用which的情况
这是去苏州的第一趟火车。
This
train
is
the
first
that
will
go
to
Suzhou.
This
is
the
first
train
that
will
go
to
Suzhou.
5
当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
用that不用which的情况
赢得金牌的那个男孩是谁?
Who
is
the
boy
that
won
the
gold
medal?
6
当先行词既有人又有物时。
用that不用which的情况
你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗?
Do
you
know
the
persons
and
things
that
they
are
talking
about?
7
当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词在从句中也作表语时。
用that不用which的情况
上海不再是过去的那座城市了。
Shanghai
is
no
longer
the
city
that
it
used
to
be.
1
在非限制性定语从句中,只用which,不用that。
用which不用that的情况
他又迟到了，这让他的老师很生气。
He
was
late
again,
which
made
his
teacher
very
angry.
2
当动词短语中的介词提前时,只用which,不用that。
用which不用that的情况
这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。
This
is
the
house
in
which
Lu
Xun
once
lived.
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词用which或whom，不能省略，不可用who,
that。
There
are
100,000
books
in
the
library,
most
of
______
are
bought
last
year.
In
the
dark
street,
there
wasn't
a
person,
to
______
she
could
turn
for
help.
This
is
the
pen
with
______
I
wrote
the
letter.
This
is
the
hero
of
______
we
are
proud.
which
whom
which
whom
1.根据先行词的习惯搭配
The
school
_________
I
was
sent
was
very
large.
Hong
Kong
is
the
city
_________
he
comes.
2.根据定从中动词所需习惯搭配
Wu
Song
was
the
man
_________
the
tiger
was
shot.
The
bicycle
________
he
often
rides
needs
repairing.
3.根据定语从句的意义
“关系代词前介词的确定
Villagers
here
depend
on
the
fishing
industry,
__________
there
won’t
be
much
work.
by
whom
on
which
to
which
from
which
without
which
1.
I
disagree
with
the
facts
______
which
your
argument
is
based.
2.
The
song,
______
which
he
was
interested,
will
never
be
heard
again.
3.
This
is
the
reason
______
which
he
often
comes
to
school
late.
4.
I
will
never
forget
the
way
______
which
my
teacher
taught
me.
5.
This
is
the
hero
______
whom
we
are
proud.
on
in
for
in
of
2
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词—when,
where,
why
1.
____
表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名
词（如:time,
day,
hour,
year）。
2.
____
表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如:place,
room,
house)。
3.
_____
表示原因，常用在先行词reason
后。
when
where
why
1.
I
will
never
forget
the
day
__________we
were
in
the
country.
2.
This
is
the
park
_________you
took
photos
last
Sunday.
3.
That
was
the
reason________he
was
late
for
school.
when
where
why
The
house
_____
he
lives
in
needs
repairing.
The
house
_______
he
lives
needs
repairing.
The
house
____
he
lives
needs
repairing．
Comparing
which
in
which
where
I
still
remember
the
day
_____I
first
came
to
paring
when
I
still
remember
the
day
_______
I
first
came
to
Beijing.
on
which
Do
you
know
the
reason
_____
he
is
absent?
Comparing
why
Do
you
know
the
reason
________
he
is
absent?
for
which
Discovering
关系副词
指代
从句中充当成分
when
where
why
关系副词=介词+关系代词
时间
时间状语
地点
地点状语
原因
原因状语
(=at/in/on/during
which)
(=in/at
which)
(=for
which)
Comparing
I
will
never
forget
the
day
___________
we
spent
together.
I
will
never
forget
the
day
____________
I
left
my
hometown.
(which
/that)
when/on
which
Comparing
This
is
the
factory
_________
makes
toys.
This
is
the
factory
_____________
he
worked
ten
years
ago.
which/that
where/in
which
Comparing
I
don’t
believe
the
reason
____________
Tom
has
given
to
us.
I
don’t
know
the
reason
___________
Tom
is
crying.
(which
/that)
why/for
which
关系代词与关系副词比较
关系代词在定语从句中作_________________或_____,而关系副词在定语从句中作______。因此,在选择关系词时,最重要的是分析一下定语从句中______________,若从句中缺主语、宾语、定语或表语,那么需用_________,若从句中缺状语,那么需用________。
关系副词
宾语、
定语、
表语
状语
所缺的成分
关系代词
主语、
3
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
She
likes
telling
jokes,
which
makes
some
people
angry.
She
likes
telling
jokes
which
make
some
people
angry.
Compare
=She
likes
telling
jokes
and
this
makes
some
people
angry.
她喜欢讲让人生气的笑话。
她喜欢讲笑话，这让一些人生气。
?
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
形式上
紧跟先行词，与先行词之间不加逗号
用逗号和主句隔开
意义上
是先行词不可缺少的定语，起修饰限制作用，去掉后句意不完整
是对先行词的补充说明，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句,
删除后句子意思仍完整
译法上
翻译成先行词的定语，“……的……”
通常翻译成主句的并列句
1.
that不可用于非限制性定语从句。
2.
which引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词可以是一个词,也可以是一个句子。
3.关系代词在任何情况下都不能省略。
4.
as引导非限制性定从,
先行词为句子，定从可位于主句前、后或中间（区分:
which引导非限制定从，定从位于主句后）
。
As
is
known
to
us
all,
China
is
a
developing
country.
众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。
Taiwan,
as
we
all
know,
is
a
part
of
China.
众所周知，台湾是中国的一部分。
As
we
expect/As
is
expected,
more
than
one
girl
has
come.
正如我们预料的那样，不止一个女孩来了。
As
is
often
the
case
情况总是如此/正如往常一样
Charles
Smith,
____
was
my
former
teacher,
retired
last
year.
The
letter
is
from
my
sister,
______is
working
in
Beijing.
In
our
factory
there
are
2,000
workers,
two
thirds
________are
women.
My
house,
_____
I
bought
last
year,
has
got
a
lovely
garden.
Last
summer
we
visited
the
West
Lake,
_________Hangzhou
is
famous
in
the
world.
This
novel,
_____
I
have
read
three
times,
is
very
touching.
who
which
for
which
who
of
whom
which
I
want
to
buy
a
dictionary,
______
is
valuable
to
my
learning.
He
is
good
at
English,
______we
all
know.
This
is
New
York,
_____
I
have
visited
for
several
times.
He
was
late
again,
_____
made
the
teacher
very
unhappy.
as
which
which
which
way“方式、方法”后接的定语从句
The
way
____________
he
explained
the
question
was
quite
simple.
他解释那个问题的方法很简单。
1)若定语从句缺状语，关系词用that
(关系副词)/in
which，可省略。
The
way
__________
he
told
us
was
quite
simple.
他告诉我们的那个方法很简单。
The
way
__________
was
thought
of
by
him
was
similar
to
Tom’s.
他想出的这个方法和汤姆的类似。
2）若定从缺主/宾语，关系词用that/which，作宾语可省略。
(that/in
which)
(that/which)
that/which
Thank
you
You
can
do
anything
____
you
think
is
helpful
here.
All
the
presents
____
your
friends
gave
you
on
your
birthday
should
be
put
away.
There
is
not
much
____
can
be
done.
There
is
no
difficulty
____
can’t
be
overcome
in
the
world.
This
is
the
very
book
____
I
have
been
looking
for.
that
that
that
that
that
The
only
thing
____
we
can
do
is
to
give
you
some
money.
The
most
important
thing
____
we
should
pay
attention
to
is
the
first
thing
____
have
said.
We’re
talking
about
the
piano
and
the
pianist
_____
were
in
the
concert
we
attended
last
night.
Which
is
the
bike
____
you
lost?
She
is
no
longer
the
sweet
girl
____
she
used
to
be.
that
that
that
that
that
that
有一些名词本身并不表示地点，而是表示“情况，方面”等，其后也可以接where引导的定语从句，这类名词常见的有point,
case,
situation,
position,
condition,
job等。这种用法中的where相当于under
which,
from
which等，意为“在这种情况下，从…中”等。
We
were
put
in
a
position
___________
we
had
either
to
accept
we
were
less
important,
or
fight
the
government.
易混淆用法
in
which/where
处境；地位；状况
They
are
in
such
a
situation
________
everything
is
in
disorder.
The
police
are
looking
into
the
case
_______
two
VIPs
were
killed.
They
were
at
the
point
______
they
had
to
decide
what
to
de
next.
She
wants
a
job
_____
her
English
talent
can
be
put
to
good
use.
where
where
where
where
why引导定语从句先行词只能是reason,但reason做先行词,定语从句分两种情况:
1)
若关系词作原因状语，用why/for
which
2)
若关系词作主语、宾语，用that/which
易混淆用法
Please
tell
me
the
reason
___________
he
was
late.
Please
tell
me
the
reason
________
made
him
late.
The
reason
_________
he
gave
me
was
unreasonable.
why/for
which
that/which
(that/which)
关系词的选择
1.看_______________在从句中充当的成分
主语，宾语———
状语——————
2.先行词前是否要_____
要——————
不要—————
关系词（先行词）
关系代词
关系副词
介词
关系副词
关系代词
1.The
reason
___
he
didn’t
pass
the
exam
was
that
he
didn’t
study
hard.
A.
which
B.
in
which
C.
for
which
D.
of
which
2.The
school
___
my
sister
studies
at
is
far
from
here.
A.where
B.
that
C.
at
which
D.
in
which
3.The
days
are
gone
forever
___
we
used
foreign
oil.
A.
when
B.
that
C.
which
D.
at
which
4.My
hometown
is
no
longer
the
place
___
it
used
to
be.
A.
that
B.
what
C.
where
D.
as
5.
He
was
the
only
one
of
the
boys
who
___
late
for
school.
Are
B.
were
C.
is
D.
was
6.
He
is
the
guest
___
the
manager
was
first
introduced.
Whose
B.
to
whom
C.
who
D.
of
whom
7.
He
made
a
hole
in
the
wall___
he
could
get
onto
the
house.
A.
in
which
B.
which
C.
through
which
D.
by
which
8.
After
living
in
Paris
for
fifty
years
he
returned
to
the
small
town
___
he
grew
up
as
a
child.
which
B.
where
C.
that
D.
when
9.
I
can
still
remember
the
sitting
room
___
my
brother
and
I
used
to
sit
in
the
evening.
A.
Of
which
B.
which
C.
that
D.
where
1.
我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料(materials)。(as引导的限制性定从）
2.众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。
(as引导的非限制性定从）
3.
我们工厂有2000名工人，其中三分之二是妇女。
（介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定从）
4.这是我曾经看过的最有趣的电影。
5.这就是他上学迟到的原因。(why引导的定从）
6.你还记得我们在青岛度暑假的日子吗？(when引导的定从）
7.
那是他工作多年的工厂。(where引导的定从）
1.
We
have
found
such
materials
as
are
used
in
their
factory.
2.
As
is
known
to
us
all,
China
is
a
developing
country.
3.
In
our
factory
there
are
2,000
workers,
two
thirds
of
whom
are
women.
4.
This
is
the
most
interesting
film
that
I've
ever
seen.
5.
That
was
the
reason
why
he
was
late
for
school.
6.
Do
you
still
remember
the
days
when
we
spent
the
summer
holidays
in
Qingdao?
7.
That
is
the
factory
where
he
worked
for
many
years.
1
当先行词是不定代词all,
little,
few,
much,
everything,
anything,
nothing,
none,
some等时。
限制性定从中,用that不用which的情况
Do
you
have
anything
that
you
want
to
say
for
yourself
?
你有什么要为自己说的吗?
先行词如果是anyone,明确表示人，最好使用【who】，这是“指人时,
that与who的用法区分之一”；
另外,“先行词是不定代词，关系代词用that”，这种说法的前提是“指物时，which与that的区别”，指人时则不受此制约。
先行词为指人的不定代词时，关系代词最好用who
先行词是指物的不定代词时，关系代词只用that
“one
of
the
+
复数名词
+
定语从句”
结构的主谓一致
1.
one
of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词.如：
Titanic
is
one
of
the
most
wonderful
movies
that
_____
been
produced
in
Holleywood.
2.
the
only
one
of+复数名词+关系代词+单数动词.如：
Tom
is
the
only
one
of
the
boys
who
____
praised
by
the
headmaster
yesterday.
have
was