(共21张PPT)
Unit
12
Life
is
full
of
the
unexpected.
Section
A
Grammar
Focus
–SetionB
1e
Teaching
goals
To
learn
words
and
phrases:
cream,
workday,
pie,
show
up,
bean,
market,
by
the
end
of
To
learn
the
usage
of
the
past
perfect
tense.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Mary’s
day
.
Mary
has
a
really
….morning.
First
of
all,
she
overslept.
By
the
time…,
her
brother….
…she
got
outside,
the
bus….
…ran
to
school.
When…,
she
realized….
When
…,
she
realized….
school
home
ran
back
to
school
got
back
to…,
the
bell….
…walked
into…,
the
teacher
had
started
teaching
Revision
Grammar
Focus
When
I
got
to
school,
I
realized
that
I
had
left
my
backpack
at
home.
By
the
time
I
got
to
school,
the
bell
had
rung.
Before
I
got
to
the
bus
stop,
the
bus
had
already
left.
By
the
time
I
got
up,
my
brother
had
already
gotten
in
the
shower.
When
I
got
home,I
realized
I
had
left
my
keys
in
the
backpack.
过去完成时
概念：过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成，也可以指过去的动作延续到过去的某一时刻，它表示发生的时间是“过去的过去”。
现在
现在
过去
过去的将来
过去的过去
过去完成时
谓语构成：“助动词
had
+
过去分词”，其中
had
通用于各种人称。
肯定/否定句：主语＋had/hadn’t＋过去分词＋…
一般疑问句：Had
＋主语＋过去分词…？
(Yes,
主语＋had.
/
No,
主语＋hadn’t.)
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋had
＋主语＋过去分词＋…？
Grammar
过去完成时的判断依据:
由时间状语来判定：
表示动作从过去持续到过去一段时间。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：
(1)
by
+
过去的时间点。
I
had
finished
reading
the
novel
by
nine
o'clock
last
night.昨天晚上九点前我已经读完这本小说了。
(2)
by
the
end
of
+
过去的时间点。
We
had
learned
over
two
thousand
English
words
by
the
end
of
last
term.
截止到上学期末，我们已经学了两千多个英文单词了。
(3)
before
+
过去的时间点。
They
had
planted
six
hundred
trees
before
last
Wednesday.
上周三以前他们已经中了六百棵树了。
2.
由“过去的过去”来判定：
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：
宾语从句中:
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told,
said,
knew,
heard,
thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She
said
that
she
had
seen
the
film
before.
她说她以前看过这电影。
(2)
状语从句中:
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。
When
I
got
to
the
station,
the
train
had
already
left.
当我到达车站时，火车已经离开了。
After
he
had
finished
his
homework,
he
went
to
bed.
他完成作业以后，就上床睡觉了。
Tim
went
into
the
bedroom.
May
got
up.
2.The
coffee
became
cold
.
I
put
cream
in
the
coffee.
3.
The
teacher
collected
the
math
homework
.
I
got
to
school.
4.
I
completed
the
work
for
my
boss.
The
workday
ended.
5.
The
movie
started.
I
arrived
at
the
cinema.
6.
My
mother
finished
making
the
apple
pie
.
I
got
home
from
my
language
course.
1.
By
the
time
Mary
got
up,
Tim
had
already
gone
into
the
bathroom.
2.Before
I
could
put
cream
in
the
coffee,
the
coffee
had
become
cold.
3.
By
the
time
I
got
to
school,
the
teacher
had
collected
the
math
homework.
4.
I
had
completed
the
work
for
my
boss
before
the
workday
ended.
5.
The
movie
had
started
before
I
arrived
at
the
cinema.
6.
By
the
time
I
got
home
from
my
language
course,
my
mother
had
finished
making
the
apple
pie.
Make
sentences
using
by
the
time
or
before.
4a
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
the
correct
forms
of
the
words
in
the
box.
By
the
time
I
arrived
at
the
party,
everyone
else
_______already___________.
When
he
put
the
noodles
into
a
bowl,
he
realized
he
_____________to
add
the
green
beans.
3.
By
the
time
my
mother
came
back
from
the
market,
I_____
already
____________
the
door
to
go
for
my
piano
lesson.
4.Before
she
got
to
the
airport,
she
_____________
about
the
earthquake.
5.When
she
___________
the
movie
theater,
she
remembered
she
had
forgotten
to
feed
her
dog.
6.Before
she
got
a
chance
to
say
goodbye,
he
_____________the
building.
rushed
out
had
shown
up
had
forgotten
had
gone
into
had
found
out
arrived
at
had
4b
Practice
When
I
got
there
the
bus
____________(go).
By
the
time
I
got
to
class,
the
teacher
_____________(start)
teaching.
3.
We
___________(learn)
over
1000
words
by
the
end
of
last
term.
4.
I
_____________(clean)
the
room
before
he
arrived
here.
had
gone
had
started
had
learnt
had
cleaned
Fill
in
the
blanks.
(
)1．He
asked
me
_____
during
the
summer
holidays.
A.
where
I
had
been?????????????????
B.
where
I
had
gone
C.
where
had
I
been?????????????????
D.
where
had
I
gone
(
)2.
What
____
Jane
____
by
the
time
he
was
sever?
A.
did,
do??????????
B.
has,?
done?????
C
did,
did.???????????
D.
had,?
done
(
)3.
I
______
900
English
words
by
the
time
I
was
ten。
A.
learned?????????
B.
was
learning?????
C.
had
learned???????
D.
learnt
(
)
4.She
said
she
__________
the
principle
already
A
.has
seen?????????
B.
saw???????????
C.
will
see???????????
D.
had
seen
(
)
5.
By
the
time
my
parents
reached
home
yesterday,
I
_____
the
dinner
already.
A
had
cooked??????
B.
cooked????????
C.
have
cooked???????
D.
was
cooked
A
D
C
D
A
Exercises
按要求完成下面的句子。
?1.?She?has?gone?to?Shanghai.?(用by?the?time
I
arrived
here改写句子)
?
2.?By?the?time?I?arrived,?Tom?had?finished
the?work.?(对画线部分提问)???
She??had
gone
to?Shanghai?by?the?time?I?arrived?there.?
What
had
Tom?done
by?the?time?you
arrived??
?
Exercises
3.?Jenny?had?already?cleaned?the?room?when?I?called?her.?
(改为否定句)???
Jenny??hadn’t
cleaned
the?room?when?I?called?her.
?4.?He?had?left?before?she?could?say?a?word.
?(改为一般疑问句)???
Had
he?left
before?she?could?say
a?word???
Exercises
Put
these
words
in
the
correct
columns
in
the
chart.
fool
invite
costume
embarrassed
go
off
call
get
dressed
empty
show
up
realize
change
clock
tired
stay
up
n.
（特定场合穿的）服装；装束
adj.
窘迫的，害羞的
1a
fool
n.
傻瓜；愚人；受骗者
vt.
愚弄，欺骗；
embarrassed
adj.
窘迫的;
害羞的；尴尬的
She
looked
a
bit
______________.
她看起来有点尴尬。
embarrassing
adj.
使人尴尬的，令人为难的
注意：
通常情况下，-ing形式表示“令人……的”；-ed形式表示“（人）感到
……的”。embarrass
动词，意为“使窘迫”。embarrassed常用于描述人，通常作表语。embarrassing常用于描述事物，作定语或表语。
get
dressed
穿着衣服
（指动作）
get
dressed
in
穿着….（指状态）
1a
Put
these
words
in
the
correct
columns
in
the
chart.
Nouns
(people,
places,
things)
Verbs
(action
words)
Adjectives
(description
words)
fool
fool
embarrassed
costume
change
clock
invite
go
off
get
dressed
show
up
realize
change
stay
up
empty
tired
18
1a
Last
Friday
night,
my
friend
invited
me
to
his
birthday
party…
Tell
your
partner
something
that
happened
to
yourecently.
Use
two
or
more
words
in
1a.
Pair
work
1b
Joe
Nick
Dave
1c
Dave,
Nick
and
Joe
are
talking
about
April
Fool’s
Day.
Listen
and
write
each
person’s
name
under
the
correct
picture.
1.
______
a
costume
party
2.
______
my
alarm
went
off
3.
______
stayed
up
all
night
4.
______
was
tired
5.
______
was
really
embarrassed
6.
______
the
other
kids
showed
up
D
N
J
J
D
N
1d
Listen
again.
Who
says
each
of
the
phrases
below?
Write
D
for
Dave,
N
for
Nick
and
J
for
Joe.
