模块1 Unit 1 Friendship Teaching Design of Grammar direct speech and indirect speech

Teaching Design of Grammar
Background information
Teacher: Wendy Class 14, Grade 1
Size: 61 students Time: 40mins
Date: September 15, 2011 Material: NSEFC Book 1 unit 1 Grammar
Type of lesson: Grammar Aids: Blackboard, chalk and PPT
Contents:
Direct speech and indirect speech (Ⅰ): statements and questions
Objectives:
After learning, students should know how to change direct speech into indirect speech
Focal points:
Let students know how to change direct speech into indirect speech
Difficult points:
How to change pronounces and tense.
Teaching procedures and time allotment
Step 1 Lead in
The teacher chooses a sentence from Anne’s Best Friend to let students change it into indirect speech.
She said, “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do.”
→ She said that she did not want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do.
The teacher let students say what direct speech is and what indirect speech is.
Step 2 Presentation
The teacher divided sentences into 4 groups to let students discover how to change direct speech into indirect speech according to the type of sentence.
Group 1 statements
He said, “I have been to Japan.” → He said that he had been to Japan.
She said to me, “I have left your book in my room.”
→ She said to me that she had left my book in her room.
She told me that she had left my book in her room.
Group 2 General questions
Tom said, “Do you have any difficulty with English ”
→Tom asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with English.
He said, “You are interested in English, aren’t you ”
→He asked whether I was interested in English.
Group 3 Open questions
He said to me, “Where are you from ” → He asked me where I was from.
He asked us, “How many factories are there in your country ”
→He asked us how many factories there were in our country.
Group 4 Alternative questions
He asked, “Do you speak English or Chinese ”
→He asked me whether I spoke English or Chinese.
I asked, “Will you take a bus or on foot ”
→I asked him whether he would take a bus or on foot.
Let students discuss to find out the rules of each group.
Group 1陈述句直接引语变成间接引语
句子结构的变化
※用连词that引导, that在口语中常省略。
※主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的 said, 也可用told来代替, 注意, 可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that, 不可直接说 told that。
Group 2一般疑问句直接引语变成间接引语
间接引语用连词whether或if引导, 原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked (me/him/us等), 语序是陈述句的语序。
Group 3 特殊疑问句直接引语变间接引语
原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词, 主句的谓语动词用ask (sb.)来表达, 语序改为陈述句语序。
Group 4 选择疑问句直接引语变间接引语
用whether…or…表达(不用if/either…or…)
Conclusion
在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化：
1. 注意时态的变化
直接引语direct speech 间接引语indirect speech
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
过去完成时 过去完成时
2.注意人称的变化
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Pronouns 第一人称 第三人称
第二人称 第一或第三人称
this that
these those
3.时间地点状语的变化
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
时间状语 now then
today that day
yesterday the day before
this week/month that week/month
last week/month that week/monthbefore
three days ago three days before
tomorrow the next day/the following day
地点状语 here there
特殊变化
a直接引语表述的是客观真理, 变为间接引语时, 时态不变。
b直接引语是一般过去时，并且和具体的过去时间连用，时态不做改变。
c 时间表
d格言，引用语
e主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态, 在引述时, 时态不变。
Step 3 Practice
Try to do SB P. 5 Ex.2 Change the sentences either into direct speech or indirect speech
Step 4 Homework
Make a conclusion about how to change sentences either into direct speech or indirect speech.