2021届高中英语总复习小题专练二轮复习（新高考）：介词word版（附考点透视及考点突破及答案解析）

2021届高中英语总复习小题专练（新高考）：介词
考点透视
考点1?常用介词
（2020·全国I卷）The
far
side
ofthe
moon
is
of
particular
interest
to
scientists
because
it
has
a
lot
of
deepcraters(环形山),
more
so????????the
familiar
near
side.
【答案】than
【解析】考查介词。根据句子中more可知此处应该用比较级，故填than。
（2020·浙江卷1月）Thisaging
of
the
population
is
driven????????two
factors.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词。句意：人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由；被”应用介词by。故填by。
【点拨】
一、常见介词辨析
1．表示时间的at，on和in
意义
短语
at
表示某个时间点、时刻等
at
midnight“在半夜”；at
sunrise/sunset“在日出/日落”
on
表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上
on
a
rainy
night“在一个雨夜”；on
Christmas
Eve“在平安夜”
in
表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等
in
December“在十二月”；in
the
morning“在上午”
2．表示时间的in和after
意义
例句
in
表示“在……时间之内/之后”，所在的句子必须表示将来
He
will
be
back
in
an
?hour.
他一小时后就回来。
after
表示“在……时间之后”，通常“after＋时间段”与过去时连用，“after＋时间点”与将来时连用
He
came
back
after
an
?hour.
他一小时后回来了。
3．表示方位的through，across和over
意义
短语
through
表示“从……的内部穿过”
through
the
forest“从森林穿过”
across
表示“从……表面穿过”
across
the
desert“穿过沙漠”
over
表示“从……的上面越过”
jump
over
the
fence“跨过篱笆墙”
4．表示方位的in，on和to
意义
例句
in
表示“在……范围内”
Beijing
lies
in
the
?north
of
China.
北京位于中国北部。
on
表示“毗邻，接壤”
Mongolia，which
lies
on
the
north
of
China，is
a
beautiful
country.
位于中国北部的蒙古，是一个美丽的国家。
to
表示“在……范围外”
Japan
lies
to
the
east
?of
China.
日本位于中国东部。
5．表示交通方式的by，on和in
意义
短语
by
后可直接跟涉及和不涉及交通工具的名词，名词前不加冠词
by
sea，by
air，by
bike，by
car，by
train
on/in
后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语
on
one's
bike，in
one's
car
6．表示支持、反对的介词against和for
意义
例句
against
意为“反对”，此外还表示“倚靠着；逆着；以……为背景”等
Are
you
for
the
?proposal
or
against
it?
你支持这项提议还是反对？
for
表示“支持，赞成”，还可表示原因、目的等
?
考点2?介词的固定搭配
（2020·山东卷）Museums
must
compete????????people’s
spare
time
and
money
with
otheramusements.
【答案】for
【解析】考查固定搭配。根据空格前的动词compete与空格后的people’s
spare
time
and
money，判断此处需用表“为……竞争”的动词短语compete
for，故填for。
（2020·浙江卷7月）Some
time
after
10,000
BC,
people
made
the
first
real
attempt
tocontrol
the
world
they
lived????????,through
agriculture.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they
lived
_____”应是之前名词the
world的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they
lived
in
the
world，live
in+名词，意为居住在某地。故填in。
（2020·全国II卷）Bamboo
plants
are
associated????????health,
abundance
and
a
happy
home.
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词。be
associated
with为固定搭配，表示“与……相关”，故填with。
【点拨】
几组常见的介词固定搭配
1.与名词的搭配
at
a
time每次，一次????????????????????????????????????
???????
at
a
loss困惑，不知所措
at
first
sight乍一看???????????????????????????????????????
???????
at
table在吃饭
beyond
description无法形容????????????????
???????????????
beyond
one's
reach够不着
by
accident/chance偶然????????????????????????
???????????????
by
mistake错误地
by
the
way顺便说?????????????????????????????????
???????????????
by
hand手工地
in
advance在前头；事先，预先?????????
???????????????
in
charge主管，看管
in
return作为回报????????????????????????????????
???????????????
in
turn依次，转而
in
shape健康状况良好?????????????????????????
???????????????
in
the
long
run从长远来看
in
trouble处于困境中?????????????????
???????
in
time及时，迟早
on
purpose故意地????????????????????????????????
???????????????
on
holiday在度假
on
time准时??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
onaverage平均
on
the
contrary相反地
out
of
breath/balance/date/control?上气不接下气/失去平衡/过时/失去控制
to
one's
surprise/astonishment令某人惊奇/吃惊的是
under
construction/consideration/discussion在建设/考虑/讨论中
at
the
cost
of以……为代价?????????????????????????
inhonour
of为了纪念……；为了表示敬意
in
memory
of为纪念……(对已逝的人)??????
inplace
of代替
in
support/favor
of支持，支援????????????????????
in
addition
to除……之外
in
terms/view
of鉴于，根据
for
the
sake
of为了???????????????????????????????????????????????
forthe
purpose
of为了……的目的
for
the
benefit
of为了……的利益
on
account
of由于????????????????????????????????????????
onbehalf
of代表
on
the
way
to在去……的路上????????????????????
onthe
basis
of以……为基础
by
means
of借助于??????????????????????????????????????
thereason
for……的原因
the
approach
to……的方法??????????????????????????
avisit
to到……的访问
the/a
lack
of缺乏……
2．与动词的搭配
answer
for对……负责?????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????
apply
for申请
call
at拜访(地点)??????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????
date
from/back
to追溯到
keep/prevent/stop
sb.from
doing
sth.阻止某人做……???????
protect...from保护……不受伤害
result
from由于????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????
suffer
from遭受
approve
of赞成?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????
complain
of抱怨
consist
of...由……组成?????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????
dream
of梦到
think
of想起；考虑到?????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????
call
on拜访(某人)
depend/rely
on依靠??????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????
result
in/lead
to导致
succeed
in在……方面成功?????????????????????????????????????????
???????
belong
to属于
refer
to谈到；涉及；查阅
3．与形容词的搭配
be
ashamed
of对……感到羞耻???????????????????
be
aware
of知晓；意识到
be
proud
of以……为荣????????????????????????????????
besure
of对……有信心；确信
be
tired
of厌倦??????????????????????????????????????????????
beangry
with
sb.与某人生气
be
familiar
with
sth.熟悉……???????????????????????
be
familiar
to
sb.为某人所熟悉
be
patient
with对……有耐心??????????????????????
bepleased/satisfied
with对……满意
be
popular
with
sb.受某人欢迎????????????????????
be
strict
with
sb.对某人严格
be
addicted
to对……上瘾；沉溺于????????????
beavailable
to对……可用；可供……使用
be
beneficial
to对……有益处?????????????????????
bedevoted
to致力于，献身于
be
similar
to与……相似??????????????????????????????
beconfident
in对……有信心
be
eager
for渴望???????????????????????????????????????????
beabsent
from缺席
be
anxious
about/for忧虑，担心?????????????????
be
crazy
about热衷；着迷
be
curious
about对……好奇????????????????????????
beparticular
about挑剔
be
suitable
for/to适合于
4．其他搭配
after
all毕竟，终究??????????????????????????????????????
aheadof
(时间，空间)在……前面；领先
far
from远非?????????????????????????????????????????????????
oncein
a
while偶尔
up
to达到；由……决定??????????????????????????????
inspite
of尽管；虽然
考点突破
一、单句语法填空
1．________
summary,
I
think
the
movie
is
moving,
interesting,
and
worthspending
time
on.
2．As
is
well
known,
Dragon
Boat
Festival
and
the
custom
of
eating
ricedumplings
are
unique
________
us
Chinese.
3．So
far
we
have
done
a
lot
to
build
a
lowcarbon
economy,
but
it
isfar?
________
satisfactory.
4．Our
product
is
popular
abroad.There
is
practically
no
other
productsuperior
________
ours
in
quality.
5．When
a
writer
finishes
his
writing
or
a
doctor
successfully
operates
on
apatient
or
a
teacher
sees
his
students
grow,
they
are
happy
________
words.
6．Most
English
teachers
maintain
a
young
and
gentle
heart
and
appearyounger
than
teachers
________
their
own
age.
7．The
key
________
successful
small
talk
is
learning
how
to
connect
withothers,
not
just
communicate
with
them.
8．Butterflies
feed
________
a
sweet
liquid
produced
by
flowers,
which
beesand
other
insects
collect.
9．I
don't
know
if
this
sounds
bad,
but
why
do
Asian
actresses
always
lookmore
beautiful
________
the
dress
than
the
models?
10．Her
old
parents
watched
Mary
until
she
disappeared
from
sight
________the
distance.
11.We
should
talk
about
the
things
____________
the
children's
understanding
in
asimple
way.
12.Youshould
fly
your
kite
____________
the
wind，orit
cannot
fly
high.
13.In
some
cases,
different
approaches
____________
the
same
scientific
problemlead
to
conflicting
theories.
14.___________that
special
night,
all
the
Senior
3
students
stood
in
the
corridors(走廊)
and
looked
down
at
the
younger
students
below.
15.Many
local
residents
welcome
the
shared
bikes
____________
the
flexibility
andfreedom
they
offer.
16.Calligraphy,
____________
a
mirror,
is
a
silent
reflection
of
the
soul.
17.During
my
first
year
in
China,
I
spent
the
summer
holiday
____________
myfamily
at
the
seaside
in
Beidaihe.
18.The
English
spoken
in
England
between
about
AD
450
and
1150
was
verydifferent?
___________
the
modern
Englishwe
speak
today.
19.Plastic
waste
and
algae
on
the
water
give
off
a
smell
very
similar
____________the
krill(磷虾)
that
many
sea
birds
feed
on.
20.The
words
of
the
poems
were
full??____________
encouragement
and
positive
energy,
and
showed
an
uncommonopen－mindedness
among
women
at
that
time.
21.The
Great
Wall
stretches
____________
Dandong
in
the
east
to
Lop
Nur
in
thewest,
along
the
southern
edge
of
Inner
Mongolia.
22.The
country's
industrial
economy
has
maintained
steady
and
sound
growththanks?
____________
the
Made
in
China2025
strategy.
23.We
know
the
British
have
a
love
affair
with
drinking
tea,
____________
morethan
160
million
cups
drunk
every
day.
24.The
Water－Splashing
Festival
is
also
acultural
bridge
____________
Xishuangbanna
and
Southeast
Asian
countries
thatshare
the
same
festival
culture
of
water－splashing.
25.____________
Monday
she
gave
each
student
his
or
her
list.
26.In
this
fast－changing
and
competitive
world,many
people
are
____________
heavy
pressure.
27.She
says
it's
important
to
wake
up
____________
the
same
time
every
day.
28.As
we
all
know,
Hangzhou,
a
beautiful
city,
won
the
bid
____________
September16th,
2015.
?
二、语法填空
There
are
many
festivalsin
Guizhou
Province.
One
of
them
is
Dong
New
Year,
1.____________
falls
in
theeleventh
lunar
month
after
the
harvest.
In
some
villages,
the
festival2.___________
(take)
place
in
the
tenth
month.
Dong
New
Year
is
as3.____________(importance)
as
the
Spring
Festival.
In
the
days4.______________(lead)
up
to
the
New
Year,
the
Dong
people
make
new
clothes,clean
their
houses,
and
make
rice
cakes.
5.____________
the
eve
of
the
NewYear,
they
prepare“cold
dish”with
bean
curd
and
homemade
vinegar.
It6.______________
(give)
as
an
offering
to
one's
ancestors.
Dong
New
Year
is7.______________(usual)
celebrated
in
many
Dong
villages
in
the
area
ofRongjiang
in
Guizhou
Province.
The
exact
date
varies
but
falls
during
theperiod
late
October
to
early
November.
Public
8.____________(celebration)include
the
Lusheng
Festival
and
water
buffalo
fighting.
Another
one,
Miao
SistersFestival,
is
celebrated
from
the
15th
to
the
17th
day
of
the
third
lunar
monthcalendar,
when
9.______________(marry)
women
make
a
return
to
the
homes
oftheir
mothers.
At
home,
they
prepare
and
eat
10.____________
special
kind
offood,
black
rice
cake.
When
they
return
to
their
own
homes,
they
bring
withthem
some
of
it
and
give
it
to
their
husbands
as
gifts.
?
答案及解析
【答案】in
【解析】考査固定短语。in
summary“总的来说，概括起来”，符合句意。
【答案】to
【解析】unique“独一无二的，仅有的”；be
unique
to“是……特有的”，为固定搭配。
【答案】from
【解析】far
from表示否定含义，意为“绝非，远不”。
【答案】to
【解析】superior意为?“更好的，更有效的”，通常与to搭配表示比较含义。be
superior
to
sth.意为“胜过，超过，比……好”。
【答案】beyond
【解析】beyond?意为“超出，超过”，beyond
words?意为?“无法用言语表达”。
【答案】of
【解析】此处of与age构成固定搭配，teachers
of
their
own
age意为“与他们同龄的老师”。
【答案】to
【解析】key作“关键，要决”?讲，与介词to搭配使用。
【答案】on
【解析】feed
on“以……为食”。
【答案】in
【解析】in为介词，后接服饰名词时，意为“穿着，戴着”。
【答案】in
【解析】in
the
distance“在远处，从远处”。
【答案】beyond
【解析】句意：我们应当用一种简单的方式谈论超出儿童理解能力的事物。beyond“超出……之外，非……所能及”。
【答案】against
【解析】句意：你应该逆着风放风筝，否则它飞不高。against“逆，与……相反”，符合语境，属于against的常见用法。
【答案】to/towards
【解析】approach
to/towards“……的方法”，是固定搭配。句意：在一些情形下，对同一个科学难题进行研究所采用的方法不同，就会得出互相矛盾的结论。
【答案】On
【解析】句意：在那个特殊的晚上，所有高三年级的学生站在走廊里低头看着下面低年级的学生。表示“在具体某天的上午、下午或晚上”需用介词on。
【答案】for
【解析】句意：因共享单车给人们提供的灵活性和自由度，许多当地的居民很欢迎共享单车。设空处表示“原因”，故填介词for。
【答案】like
【解析】句意：书法，像一面镜子一样，无声地反映灵魂。设空处表示“像”，故填介词like。
【答案】with
【解析】句意：在中国的第一年，我和我的家人在北戴河的海边度过了暑假。with在此处意为“和……”。
【答案】from
【解析】句意：公元450年到1150年间在英国所说的英语和今天我们所说的现代英语是非常不同的。be
differentfrom“与……不同”。
【答案】to
【解析】句意：水面上的塑料废物和海藻释放出一种非常类似于磷虾的气味，许多海鸟以这种磷虾为食。(be)similar
to“与……相似”。
【答案】of
【解析】句意：诗歌中的文字充满了鼓励和正能量，并且在那个时代的女性当中展现出了不同寻常的开明的思想。befull
of“充满了……”。
【答案】from
【解析】句意：长城沿着内蒙古的南部边界，从东部的丹东一直延伸到了西部的罗布泊。表示“从……到……”用from...to...结构。
【答案】to
【解析】句意：多亏了“中国制造2025”战略，国家的工业经济一直保持稳定的、健康的增长。thanks
to为固定短语，意为：多亏了，幸亏。
【答案】with
【解析】句意：我们知道英国人爱喝茶，每天有一亿六千多万杯茶被喝掉。设空处考查with的复合结构(with＋n./pron.＋过去分词)作伴随状语。
【答案】between
【解析】句意：泼水节也是西双版纳与有着相同泼水节节日文化的东南亚国家之间的一座桥梁。根据句意及题干中的and可知设空处填between。between...and...意为：在……和……之间。
【答案】On
【解析】句意：在周一，她给每个学生一份清单。表示“在具体某一天”需用介词on。
【答案】under
【解析】句意：在这个快速变化且充满竞争的世界里，许多人处于沉重的压力下。under
pressure为固定短语，意为：在压力之下。
【答案】at
【解析】句意：她说每天在同一时间醒来很重要。at
the
same
time为固定短语，意为：在同一时间。
【答案】on
【解析】句意：我们都知道，杭州，一个美丽的城市，在2015年9月16日赢得了举办权。在具体某天前要用介词on。
【答案】
1.which?????
2.
takes???
3.important????
4.leading???
5.On
6.isgiven????
7.usually??
8.celebrations??
9.married???10.a
【解析】
1.考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是Dong
New
Year，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。
2.考查时态。此处描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故填takes。
3.考查形容词。此处作表语，意为“像春节一样重要”，as...as结构中，使用形容词原级。故填important。
4.考查现在分词。lead
up
to“为……做准备”，此处与主语the
Dong
people?构成逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用现在分词。故填leading。
5.考查介词。固定短语：on
the
eve
of“在……的前夕”，故填On。
6.考查语态。句意：它是作为祭品送给祖先的。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is
given。
7.考查副词。此处修饰动词celebrated，应使用副词形式。故填usually。
8.考查名词复数。celebration是可数名词，其前没有冠词，且谓语动词是原形，据此可知，此处应使用名词复数。故填celebrations。
9.考查形容词。根据下文make
a
return
to
the
homes
of
their
mothers?可知，此处指“已婚的女人”。married“已婚的”。故填married。
10.考查冠词。根据下文kind
of可知，此处指“一种特殊的食品”，应使用不定冠词。故填a。