2021届人教版高三英语课件：名词性从句(38张ppt)

(共38张PPT)
名词性从句
英语语法复习
高考感悟
A组　单句语法填空
1．[2019·全国卷Ⅰ] While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
答案与解析：that　考查同位语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。
2．[2019·北京卷]What students do at college seems to matter much more than ________ they go.
答案与解析：where　考查宾语从句。在介词than 后用where 引导宾语从句，where在从句中作状语。此处表示“学生在大学里做什么事似乎远比在哪里上大学更加重要”。
3．[2019·江苏卷]Scientists have obtained more evidence ________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
答案与解析：that　考查同位语从句的引导词。句意：科学家已经获得了更多的证据，证明塑料正在进入人体。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句中不缺成分，故用that引导。
4．[2018·北京卷，11]Without his support, we wouldn't be ________ we are now.
答案与解析：where　句意为：要是没有他的帮助，我们就不会是现在的情形了。本题考查表语从句。根据句意可知，设空处意为“情形，情况，形势”，应用where引导。
5．[2018·北京卷，15]This is ________ my father has taught me — to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
答案与解析：what　句意为：这就是父亲教给我的——永远面对困难并寄予最大的希望。本题考查表语从句。根据句意可知，表语从句中taught me后缺少直接宾语——“教会了我什么”，因此用what引导。
6．[2017·天津卷]She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
答案与解析：if/whether　所填词引导宾语从句，在从句中不作成分，但表示“是否”意义，故用if或whether。
7．[2016·天津卷]The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.
答案与解析：that　suggestion后是同位语从句，从句的结构和意义均完整，故用that引导。
B组　单句改错
1．[2016·四川卷]The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite.________
答案与解析：what→that/which或去掉what　先行词dishes在定语从句中作宾语，故应用that或which引导，也可省略关系代词。
2．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.________
答案与解析：that→where　to后为宾语从句，引导词在从句中需作地点状语，表示“靠近我居住的地方”。故that→where。
3．[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.________
答案与解析：how→what　从句中的do是及物动词，故应用连接代词what作动词do的宾语。
考点研析
考点一　主语从句
1．引导主语从句的词有：连接词that, whether；连接代词what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, why, how。
①When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
延迟的班机何时起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。
②That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.
从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出是亲姐妹。
③What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.
影片中最打动我的是父亲对儿子深厚的爱。
【易混辨析】　whether与if引导主语从句的区别：
主语从句位于主句谓语动词前，表示“是否”，只能用whether而不能用if引导；若用it作形式主语，则if与whether可互换。
④Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.
我们能否有干净的饮用水依赖于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。
⑤It remains to be seen whether or not this idea can be put into practice.
这一想法能否付诸实施还有待观察。
2．it作形式主语的主语从句
(1)it作形式主语，从属连词that引导的从句作真正的主语。
①It＋be＋形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable等)＋that从句。
It isn't likely that I should accept such an offer as that.
我不可能接受像那样的帮助。
②It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise等)＋that从句。
It's no wonder that he didn't want to go.
难怪他不想去。
③It＋be＋过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged)＋that从句。
It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.
会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了。
④It＋动词/动词短语(seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, occur to, make no difference等)＋that从句。
It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.
她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人呆着。
(2)it作形式主语，连接代词、连接副词或whether/if引导的主语从句作真正的主语。
It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.
尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。
It is not immediately clear whether/if the financial crisis will soon be over.
经济危机是否会很快结束，短时间内不会很明显。
即学即练(单句语法填空)
1．[2020·江西名校学术联盟质检]________ was most difficult was that in order to realize this dream, I needed to find an existent café that wasn't doing well.
What
2．[2020·福州四校联考]I went to a classical music concert yesterday and I loved it. ________ I particularly experienced in a different way is how much I appreciated the musicians.
3．[2020·昆明质量检测]Kenney said, “________ is good news that this public health problem has a simple solution.”
What
It
4．[2020·福建龙岩五校期中]Therefore, it is advisable ________ you should value and treat them with care.
5．[2020·山东师大附中一模]His favorite food is fried snacks and soft drinks.It is no surprise ________ losing weight is just his dream.
that
that
考点二　表语从句
1．引导表语从句的词有：连接词that, whether；连接代词what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, why, how；从句用陈述语序。
I'd like to start my own business — that's what I'd do if I had the money.
我愿意自己创业——那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。
2．as if/as though引导的表语从句
as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在be动词，seem，look，taste，sound，feel，appear等动词之后。
The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.
浓重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市。好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。
3．because, why引导的表语从句
because, why也可引导表语从句，但because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause(该结构常用that引导)。常用于以下句型：
(1)This is because...这是因为……(强调原因)
(2)The reason why...is that...……的原因是……
(3)That is why...那就是……的原因(强调结果)
①From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy one percent of its surface is covered by water.
从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%被水所覆盖。
②The reason why he didn't pass the exam was that he was too careless.
他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。
【名师指津】　常见的表语从句句型：
(1)It looks/seems as if...好像……；仿佛……
The question/problem is whether/when/where...问题是……
(2)His dream/suggestion/aim/purpose is that...
他的梦想/建议/目标/目的是……
(3)what从句＋be＋that从句
What surprised us most was that he came late again.
最让我们惊讶的是他又迟到了。
即学即练(单句语法填空)
1．[2020·福建福州二模]The problem is ________ one less hour of sleep is not equal to an extra hour of achievement.
2．[2020·北京海淀期中]Richard swims three times a week after work. This is ________ he keeps fit.
3．[2020·河南中原名校联考]Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is ________ we often do not know when they are coming.People can not prepare for it.
that
how
that
考点三　宾语从句
1．that连接宾语从句时通常可以省略(但多个并列的宾语从句中只能省略第一个that)，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只是起连接作用。what引导时，在从句中充当成分，且有意义。
[全国卷Ⅰ]I'm writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference.
我写信是想告诉你，我叔叔李明要去你的城市开会。
2．在whether/if连接的宾语从句中，whether/if意为“是否”，但在whether... or not结构中，或者whether引导的宾语从句作介词的宾语时，以及whether＋to do结构中和whether引导的从句作少数动词(如leave, put, discuss, doubt, know等)的宾语时，只能用whether，不能用if来替换。
We've offered her the job, but I don't know whether she'll accept it.
我们已经为她提供了这份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受。
I don't know whether to set off for Beijing or not.
我不知道是否出发去北京。
3．连接代词、连接副词引导宾语从句时不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。
We promise whoever attends the party have a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
我们保证，任何参加这个聚会的人都有机会与那个电影明星合影。
4．有些动词或动词短语，如like, hate, appreciate, depend on, see to等，一般不直接跟从句，需要借助it。
You may depend on it that she will go with you.
你可以相信她会与你一起去。
5．当主句的主语是第一人称时，在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句若是否定的，就运用否定转移，将否定词转移到主句谓语动词上。
I don't believe she will attend the meeting.
我认为她不会来参加该会议。
6．it作形式宾语，真正的宾语后置，常用此种结构的及物动词有find, make, think, feel, consider等。
I find it important that we should keep calm in danger.
我发现我们在危险中保持镇静是很重要的。
7．不论主句为何种句型，宾语从句都用陈述语序。
即学即练(单句语法填空/单句改错)
1．[2020·陕西检测一]Such stories set up thinking, wondering ________ we should do under similar circumstances.
2．[2020·湖南株洲二中月考]With an optimistic attitude and a strong will，we can overcome ________ difficulties we might meet with and achieve our goals.
what
whatever
3．[2020·重庆南开中学月考]________ I am talking about is not the recent movies, but the village in England with the same name.
4．[2020·湖南师大附中模拟]When I went to the kitchen to get my breakfast，I was astonished at which I saw.________
5．[2020·柳州模拟]We should make full use of time to do that should be done.________
What
which→what
that→what
考点四　同位语从句
1．同位语从句通常用that引导， that无词义也不作成分，但是不能省略，从句用陈述语序。同位语从句还可用whether, when, where, why, how等引导。
2．接同位语从句的常见名词：fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question等。
①I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.
我对自己做出承诺：今年，是我上高中的第一年，将会与以往不同。
②I have no idea where the journalist could have got his information from.
我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的消息。
即学即练(单句改错)
1．[2020·山东师大附中模拟]There is no doubt whether it is of great help to their study and future life.________
whether→that
2．[2020·遵义航天高级中学模拟]And you should also have a belief you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time.________
3．[2020·武汉武昌区调研]Last term, I couldn't accept the truth which I failed in my math examination.
belief后加that
which→that
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