人教版高中英语必修必修二Unit 1 Cultural relics grammar课件（共27张）

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The Attributive Clause
III
定语从句
定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。相当于形容词的功能，又叫形容词性从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。
Tom is a boy who is kind to others.
定语从句表现形式为：
引导词+不完整的句子
引导词的选择根据被修饰的名词或代词及后面句子所缺的成分。
1>.先行词：
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
2>.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
①>关系词
关系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose, as
关系副词: when, where, why
②>关系词功能：
A.引导定语从句; B.代替先行词；
C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
秘诀大放送
确定定语从句引导词的三大决定因素
先行词
先行词的修饰语
引导词在定语从句中的成分
relative pronoun
关系代词
指代
在定语从句中
所充当的成分
人
物
句子
主语
宾语
定语
who
whom
which
that
as
whose
1. 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。译法上译成先行词的定语“...的”
限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可省略。
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
China is a country which has a long history.
In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.
限制性定语从句举例：
Toronto is a city (that) I' ve always
wanted to visit.
2.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思，用逗号“，”与主句隔开。通常译成主句的并列句。
非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省略。
非限制性定语从句举例 ：
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.
-->that, why不引导非限制性定语从句
-->关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可省略，若指人时，只用whom，不用who
-->which可以代表前面整个句子, 在定语从句中做主语或宾语。
Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.
These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy.
As: 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。常常有“正如”意义，常用于一些固定结构中：
as we all know 正如我们所知道的那样
as is known to us all 众所周知
as we all can see 正如我们大家都能看到的那样
as is often the case 情况常常是这样
as might be expected 正如所预料的那样
as often happens 正如经常发生的一样
He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.
John, as you know, is a famous writer.
As is known to all, China is a developing country.
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as
which
指代
只能指代整个主句的内容
既可指代整个主句的内容，又可指代主句的一部分或单个的名词或代词。
位置
可位于主句之前，之中或之后
引导的从句只能位于主句之后
意义
正如，好像
这，那
功能
起连接上下文的作用，表达说话人的观点，看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等。
引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句
as, which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别：
当先行词受the same, such, so, as修饰时，关系词常考虑用as。
I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.
He has got such a good chance as everyone else wants.
他得到了一个其他每个人都想要的一个好机会。
This is so interesting a book as he wants to buy.
This is so interesting a book that he wants to buy it.
such/so…that 引导的是结果状语从句，从句不缺少任何成分，that 在从句中不充当任何成分，而as引导的定语从句as在从句中做主语或宾语
注意 the same … as / that 的使用问题
当先行词被 the same 所修饰时，关系词既可以用 as，也可以用 that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用 as，表示同一事物多用 that。如：
This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.
这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。
This is the same instrument as I used yesterday.
这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。
在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用： I have the same opinion as / that you have.
这里要注意的是：
(1) 使用 as 时，它引导的定语从句中的动词可以省略，但使用 that 时，定语从句中的动词不可省略。如：
Women received the same education as men.
Women received the same education that men received.
(2) 在 “the same…that” 结构中，that只是用来加强语气，强调“相同”。that可以省去而不改变句子原意，甚至连名词前的 same 也可以省去。如：
This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.
= This is the same instrument I used yesterday.
= This is the instrument I used yesterday.
但在 “the same…as” 结构中，same 和 as 都不能省略。
1、____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
2、John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, _____ was true.
A. he B. this C. which D. who
D
C
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如何选用定语从句的关系词
1.首先分清主句和定语从句
2.确定定语从句的先行词
3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）
4.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词或介词+关系代词。
Summary
口诀: 前看先行词, 辨清人或物
后看从句里, 有无主宾语
1. It is your job to look into any reports of cultural relics _____ have been found in China.
2. You are sent to a small town______ you find a relic that was stolen from a palace.
that
where
用适当引导词填空。
3. Later, Catherine II had Amber Room moved to the palace outside St Petersburg ______ she spent her summers.
4. This was a time _____ the two countries were at war.
where
when
5. Here are the farmers, _____ discovered the underground city last month.
6. Xi’an is one of the few cities with walls ______ walls remain as good as before.
who
whose
7. Shanxi Province is a place with many cultural relics _______ relics are well looked after.
8. The woman remembered the day _____ she saw Nazis burying something near her home.
whose
when
9. St Petersburg is a very beautiful city, ______ was once called Leningrad.
10. In Xi’an, I met a teacher, _____ has a strong love for cultural relics and took me to visit the history museum.
which
who
11. I don’t remember the soldier, _____ told me not to tell what I had seen.
12. People didn’t pay much attention to cultural relics in the old days, _____ my grandfather was a child.
who
when