第三讲：真题分块练习——冠词
语法填空常考点
1．泛指、特指与类指
①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The
plum
trees
are
the
first
to
flower
even
as
the
snow
is
melting
(融化)．
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of
the
nineteen
recognized
polar
bear
subpopulations,
three
are
declining,
six
are
stable,
one
is
increasing,
and
nine
lack
enough
data.
③(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When
we
got
a
call
saying
she
was
shortlisted,
we
thought
it
was
a
joke.
④(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn
production
has
jumped
nearly
125
percent
over
the
past
25
years,
while
rice
has
increased
only
7
percent.
⑤(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This
included
digging
up
the
road,
laying
the
track
and
then
building
a
strong
roof
over
the
top.
⑥(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead,
she
is
earning
￡6,500
a
day
as
a
model
in
New
York.
⑦(2017·浙江11月高考)It’s
not
all
that
hard
to
build
an
advanced
and
large
vocabulary.Like
many
things
in
life,
it’s
an
ongoing
process
...
⑧(2017·浙江6月高考)For
Pahlsson,
its
return
was
a
wonder.
2．固定搭配
⑨(2020·浙江7月高考)This
style
of
farming
lasted
for
quite
a
long
time.Then,
with
the
rise
of
science,
changes
began.
⑩(2020·浙江1月高考)A
child
born
in
the
US
today
has
a
very
realistic
chance
of
living
beyond
100
and
needs
to
plan
accordingly.
?(2019·浙江6月高考)Everybody
wears
the
same
style
of
clothes.
?(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly,
I’m
facetoface
with
the
gorilla,
who
begins
screaming
at
the
top
of
her
lungs.
?(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As
a
result,
people
will
eat
more
food
to
try
to
make
up
for
that
something
missing.
短文改错常考点
泛指、特指与类指
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)After
that
I
poured
oil
into
a
pan
...Then
I
put
the
tomatoes
and
the
beaten
eggs
into
pan
together.
第二个pan前加the
②(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)For
example,
every
morning,
my
dad
has
to
have
the
bowl
of
egg
soup
while
I
have
to
eat
an
apple.
the→a
③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)One
afternoon
when
I
was
in
primary
school,
I
was
walking
by
the
school
playground.Suddenly
football
fell
just
in
front
of
me
and
almost
hit
me.
football前加a
④(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Each
of
my
cafes
will
have
a
different
theme
and
an
unique
style.
an→a
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During
my
last
winter
holiday,
I
went
to
countryside
with
my
father
to
visit
my
grandparents.
countryside前加the
⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As
the
kid,
I
loved
to
watch
cartoons,
but
no
matter
how
many
times
I
asked
to
watch
them,
my
parents
would
not
let
me.
the→a
⑦(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I
still
remember
how
hard
first
day
was.
first前加the/my
⑧(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They
live
far
from
the
school,
and
it
takes
them
about
a
hour
and
a
half
to
go
to
work
every
day.
第一个a→an/one
⑨(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Around
me
in
picture
are
the
things
that
were
very
important
in
my
life
at
that
time:
car
magazines
and
musical
instruments.
picture前加the/this
(一)冠词的泛指、特指与类指
泛指
不定冠词
a/an用在首次提到的或没有限定的单数可数名词前表示泛指
特指
(1)用在上文提到的人或物前表示特指，用定冠词the
(2)用在被限制性修饰语加以限定的人或物前表示特指，用定冠词the
(3)用在表示双方所默认的特定的人或物的名词前表示特指，用定冠词the
类指
(1)不定冠词a/an用于表示事物的可数名词前表示“一类人或物”，如a
horse,
a
virus
(2)定冠词用于形容词前表示“一类人或物”，如the
rich,
the
poor等
(二)冠词的特殊用法
1．以元音字母开头的单词前加a的特殊词：university,
uniform,
European,
unit,
useful,
usual,
unique等。
2．以辅音字母开头的单词前加
an的特殊词：hour,
honour,
honest等。
3．固定搭配中的冠词：in
the
charge
of,
in
charge
of等。
4．a/an加序数词表示“另一，又一”，如：
a
second
chance
又一个机会。
5．表示泛指的不可数名词、复数名词前不用冠词。如：
Sugar
isn’t
healthy
food.糖不是健康食品。
Books
are
useful.书是有用的。
6．球类、棋类、学科、称呼、头衔、职务、中国乐器、交通工具等前不用冠词。
(一)单句语法填空
1．(2020·佛山二模)However,
this
is
not
a
universal
rule.
2．(2020·宜宾一诊)Last
year
the
number
of
visitors
increased.
3．She
said
as
the
group
neared
the
end
of
the
trip,
“I
had
a
huge
ball
of
emotion
welled
up
in
my
chest
—
I
cannot
believe
we
just
did
that.”
4．Confucius
was
an
extraordinary
educator
and
philosopher,
and
founded
Confucianism.
5．(2020·太原三模)Heritage
is
not
just
about
preserving
a
site,
but
also
cultural
practices,
traditional
knowledge,
social
values
and
economic
principles.
(二)单句改错
1．This
family
made
deep
impression
on
me.
deep前加a
2．But
by
then
I
was
too
tired
to
play
the
badminton.
去掉the
3．Dating
back
to
late
18th
century,
Peking
Opera
becomes
fully
developed
and
recognized
during
the
Qing
Dynasty.
late前加the
4．Then
I
decided
to
take
the
break
and
joined
in
them.
the→a
5．Sometimes,
I
wished
I
was
a
astronaut
going
up
into
space,
finding
new
planets
and
jumping
around
in
a
cool
space
suit.
第一个a→an第五讲：真题分块练习——介词
语法填空常考点
1．介词的基本用法
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The
artist
was
finally
humbled
(谦卑)
by
the
greatest
artist
on
earth,
Mother
Nature.
②(2020·浙江1月高考)This
aging
of
the
population
is
driven
by
two
factors.
③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern
methods
of/for
tracking
polar
bear
populations
have
been
employed
only
since
the
mid1980s
...
④(2019·北京高考)First
celebrated
in
1970,
the
Day
now
includes
events
in
more
than
190
countries
and
regions
(地区)．
⑤(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This
trend,
which
was
started
by
the
medical
community
(医学界)
as
a
method
of
fighting
heart
disease,
has
had
some
unintended
side
effects
such
as
overweight
and
heart
disease
—
the
very
thing
the
medical
community
was
trying
to
fight.
⑥(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)After
school
she
plans
to
take
a
year
off
to
model
fulltime
before
going
to
university
to
get
a
degree
in
engineering
or
architecture.
2．含介词的固定搭配
⑦(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Bamboo
plants
are
associated
with
health,
abundance
and
a
happy
home.
⑧(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Museums
must
compete
for
people’s
spare
time
and
money
with
other
amusements.
⑨(2020·浙江7月高考)Some
time
after
10,000
BC,
people
made
the
first
real
attempt
to
control
the
world
they
lived
in,_through
agriculture.
⑩(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We
were
first
greeted
with
the
barking
by
a
pack
of
dogs,
seven
to
be
exact.
?(2019·浙江6月高考)The
answer
to
this
question
is
not
clear.
?(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I
was
searching
for
these
three
western
lowland
gorillas
I’d
been
observing.
?(2018·浙江6月高考)If
you
are
not
going
to
suffer
this
problem,
then
I
suggest
that
the
next
time
you
go
to
your
mum’s
home
for
dinner,
get
a
few
cooking
tips
from
her.
?(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)It
ran
for
just
under
seven
kilometers
and
allowed
people
to
avoid
terrible
crowds
on
the
roads
above
as
they
travelled
to
and
from
work.
短文改错常考点
1．介词的基本用法
①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)I’m
glad
to
know
that
you’ve
come
China
to
learn
kung
fu
in
a
school
in
my
hometown.
come后加to
②(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Then
I
can
spare
some
time
to
learn
it
again,
so
that
we
can
practice
together
on
every
day.
去掉on
③(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When
I
studied
chemistry
high
school,
I
reconsidered
my
goal
and
decided
to
be
a
doctor.
high前加in/at
④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)At
the
end
of
our
trip,
I
told
my
father
that
I
planned
to
return
for
every
two
years,
and
he
agreed.
去掉for
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Still
I
was
unwilling
to
play
the
games
for
them
sometimes.
for→with
⑥(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They
have
also
bought
for
some
gardening
tools.
去掉for
⑦(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)When
I
look
at
this
picture
of
myself,
I
realize
of
how
fast
time
flies.
去掉第二个of
2．含介词的固定搭配
⑧(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)After
that
I
poured
oil
into
a
pan
and
turned
off
the
stove.I
waited
patiently
till
the
oil
was
hot.
off→on
⑨(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It
was
a
relief
and
I
came
to
a
sudden
stop
just
in
the
middle
on
the
road.
on→of
(一)基本用法
1．表示时间的in,
on,
at,
for
in
表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等
on
表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等
at
表示某个时间点、时刻等
for
“for＋时间段”表示“长达……”
2．表示时间的in和after
in
表示“在……时间之内/之后”，与将来时连用
after
表示“在……时间之后”，通常“after＋时间段”与过去时连用
3．表示方位的through和across
through
表示“从……的内部穿过”
across
表示“从……表面穿过”
4.表示交通方式的by和on/in
by
后可直接跟涉及和不涉及交通工具的名词，名词前不加冠词
on/in
后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语
5．表示工具或手段的by,
in,
with
by
指“靠……手段，用……方法，凭借……”，后可接名词、代词或动名词
in
多用于表示语言、材料的名词前
with
多用于表示工具或身体部位的名词前
(二)固定搭配
1．动词＋介词
apply
for
申请
approve
of
同意
belong
to
属于
believe
in
信任
2．动词＋副词＋介词
break
away
from
脱离
catch
up
with
赶上
put
up
with
忍受
3．动词＋名词＋介词
pay
attention
to
注意
take
advantage
of
利用
make
use
of
利用
4．动词＋oneself＋介词(＝be＋v.ed＋介词)
adapt
oneself
to
适应
devote
oneself
to
致力于，献身于
5．be＋形容词＋介词
be
familiar
with
熟悉
be
fond
of
喜爱；喜欢
6．介词＋名词
at
a
loss
不知所措
by
accident/chance
偶然
(一)单句语法填空
1．Choosing
to
have
good
friends
can
have
a
very
strong
effort
on/upon
you.
2．(2020·佛山二模)In
my
home
country,
Mauritius,
when
people
meet,
they
usually
kiss
each
other
on
the
cheeks.
3．(2020·安庆二模)Passengers
can
find
the
restaurants,
shops
and
airport
security
in
the
central
part
of
the
airport,
while
each
“arm”
of
the
airport
will
lead
to
the
boarding
gates
and
the
eight
runways.
4．(2020·济南三模)It
described
in
detail
the
process
of
planting
tea
bushes,
harvesting
tea
leaves,
and
preparing
for
the
making
of
tea.
5．(2020·枣庄三模)There
are
also
lots
of
Holi
celebrations
in
the
UK,
organized
by
the
large
BritishHindu
community.
(二)单句改错
1．Once
I
complained
to
her
because
of
she
hardly
had
time
to
accompany
me.
去掉of
2．All
the
money
collected
will
go
to
the
students
on
need
to
help
with
their
studies.
on→in
3．And
in
my
view,
what
mattered
was
that
everyone
should
feel
proud
in
our
own
culture.
第二个in→of
4．First,
we
should
have
a
right
evaluation
of
us
in
order
to
make
use
advantages
and
avoid
disadvantages.
use后加of
5．At
last
I
joined
in
the
swimmers.Now
I
still
remember
how
wonderful
swimming
in
the
sea
was.
去掉第一个in第六讲：真题分块练习——形容词和副词
语法填空常考点
1．基本用法和比较等级
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
of
particular
interest
to
scientists
because
it
has
a
lot
of
deep
craters
(环形山),
more
so
than
the
familiar
near
side.
②(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Oranges:
Orange
trees
are
more
than
decoration;
they
are
a
symbol
of
good
fortune
and
wealth.
③(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)One
day
the
emperor
wanted
to
get
his
portrait
(画像)
done
so
he
called
all
great
artists
to
come
and
present
their
finest
(fine)
work,
so
that
he
could
choose
the
best.
④(2020·浙江7月高考)Farming
produced
more
food
per
person
than
hunting
and
gathering,
so
people
were
able
to
raise
more
children.
⑤(2020·浙江1月高考)The
first
is
declining
birth
rates,
which
means
old
generations
are
large
compared
to
younger
generations,
and
so,
on
average,
the
population
becomes
older
(old)
than
before.
⑥(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists
have
responded
by
noting
that
hungry
bears
may
be
congregating
(聚集)
around
human
settlements,
leading
to
the
illusion
(错觉)
that
populations
are
higher
(high)
than
they
actually
are.
⑦(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According
to
a
review
of
evidence
in
a
medical
journal,
runners
live
three
years
longer
(long)
than
nonrunners.
⑧(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)That
makes
her
baby
scream,
and
then
a
400pound
male
appears.He
screams
the
loudest
(loud)
of
all.
⑨(2018·浙江6月高考)There
could
be
an
even
higher
(high)
cost
on
your
health.
⑩(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As
a
result,
people
will
eat
more
food
to
try
to
make
up
for
that
something
missing.Even
worse
(bad),
the
amount
of
fast
food
that
people
eat
goes
up.
2．形容词构词法
?(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The
beautiful
(beauty)
long
branches
covered
with
pinkcolored
buds
(蓓蕾)
make
fantastic
decorations.
?(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)In
the
18th
and
19th
centuries,
wealthy
(wealth)
people
travelled
and
collected
plants,
historical
objects
and
works
of
art.
?(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)We
are
so
proud
of
her.It’s
wonderful
(wonder)．
?(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They
also
shared
with
us
many
traditional
(tradition)
stories
about
Hawaii
that
were
hugely
popular
with
tourists.
?(2019·北京高考)
...it’s
never
too
early
to
make
necessary
preparations
for
a
healthy
and
meaningful
(meaning)
college
experience.
?(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Running
is
cheap,
easy
and
it’s
always
energetic
(energy)．
?(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)According
to
the
World
Bank,
China
accounts
for
about
30
percent
of
total
global
(globe)
fertilizer
consumption.
?(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I
quickly
lower
myself,
ducking
my
head
to
avoid
looking
directly
into
his
eyes
so
he
doesn’t
feel
challenged
(challenge)．
?(2018·浙江6月高考)The
obvious
one
is
money;
eating
out
once
or
twice
a
week
may
be
affordable
(afford)
but
doing
this
most
days
adds
up.
?(2017·浙江11月高考)One
of
the
effective
(effect)
ways
to
build
vocabulary
is
to
read
good
books.
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)However,
be
careful
(care)
not
to
go
to
extremes.
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The
Central
London
Railway
was
one
of
the
most
successful
(success)
of
these
new
lines,
and
was
opened
in
1900.
3．副词构词法
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Landing
on
the
moon’s
far
side
is
extremely
(extreme)
challenging.
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Certainly
(certain)
during
the
holiday
period,
this
plant
is
a
must.
(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)As
the
small
boat
moved
gently
(gentle)
along
the
river
he
was
left
speechless
by
the
mountains
being
silently
reflected
in
the
water.
(2020·浙江1月高考)This
is
particularly
(particular)
true
in
the
US.
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It
is
difficult
to
figure
out
a
global
population
of
polar
bears
as
much
of
the
range
has
been
poorly
(poor)
studied
...
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Her
years
of
hard
work
have
finally
(final)
been
acknowledged
after
a
customer
nominated
(提名)
her
to
be
Cheshire’s
Woman
Of
The
Year.
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They
also
shared
with
us
many
traditional
stories
about
Hawaii
that
were
hugely
(huge)
popular
with
tourists.
(2019·浙江6月高考)When
the
children
are
walking
or
cycling
to
school
on
dark
mornings,
car
drivers
can
easily
(easy)
see
them.
(2018·浙江11月高考)Recently
(recent),
caffeine
has
found
its
way
into
orange,
apple,
and
other
flavored
drinks.
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)A
taste
for
meat
is
actually
(actual)
behind
the
change:
An
important
part
of
its
corn
is
used
to
feed
chickens,
pigs,
and
cattle.
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam
engines
were
used
to
pull
the
carriages
and
it
must
have
been
fairly
(fair)
unpleasant
for
the
passengers,
with
all
the
smoke
and
noise.
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)It
is
certainly
(certain)
fun
but
the
lifestyle
is
a
little
unreal.
短文改错常考点
1．比较等级的错用
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)One
was
that
I
was
amazed
at
the
fact
that
a
sick
person
could
feel
much
more
better
after
seeing
a
doctor.
去掉more
②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I
was
afraid
to
speak
in
front
of
a
larger
group
of
people.
larger→large
③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They
often
get
up
earlier
and
water
the
vegetables
together.
earlier→early
2．形容词的错用
④(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I
became
interesting
in
playing
football
thanks
to
a
small
accident.
interesting→interested
⑤(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I
enjoyed
studying
difference
kinds
of
cars
and
planes,
playing
pop
music,
and
collecting
the
latest
music
albums.
difference→different
3．副词的错用
⑥(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)From
now
on,
I
started
to
play
football
with
classmates
after
school.
now→then
⑦(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Then,
when
I
was
in
the
fifth
grade,
I
wanted
to
be
a
teacher
because
I
liked
my
English
teacher
too
much.
too→very/so
⑧(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Last
winter
when
I
went
here
again,
they
had
a
big
separate
house
to
raise
dozens
of
chickens.
here→there
⑨(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I
was
so
much
nervous
that
I
could
hardly
tell
which
direction
was
left.
去掉much
⑩(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Beside,
they
often
get
some
useful
information
from
the
Internet.
Beside→Besides
4．形容词与副词之间的错用
?(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Today
I
tried
cooking
a
simply
dish
myself.
simply→simple
?(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)I’m
surely
you’ll
have
a
good
time.
surely→sure
?(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In
order
to
make
surely
all
of
us
are
in
good
health,
she
makes
specific
plans
for
us.
surely→sure
?(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)First,
I
wanted
to
be
a
fireman,
whose
uniform
looked
so
coolly.
coolly→cool
?(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)What
I
want
is
not
just
an
ordinarily
cafe
but
a
very
special
one.
ordinarily→ordinary
?(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)I
felt
happily
that
their
life
had
improved.
happily→happy
?(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Immediate,
I
raised
my
hand.
Immediate→Immediately
?(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It
was
a
relief
and
I
came
to
a
suddenly
stop
just
in
the
middle
of
the
road.
suddenly→sudden
(一)基本用法与比较等级
1．形容词多放在名词或代词前，起修饰作用，用来表示人或物的性质、特征等。
2．副词多放在动词、形容词、副词前或句首，表示时间、频率、范围、语气、程度、方式、因果等。
3．形容词和副词的比较等级。单音节或双音节的形容词和副词的比较等级分别加er或est。多音节形容词和副词的比较等级分别加more和most。
4．表示“比……”时，用比较级；表示“最……”时，用最高级。
5．牢记“the＋比较级
...,
the＋比较级
...”结构，表示“越……，就越……”。
(二)构词法
1．动词、名词变形容词的后缀
后缀
例词
-able可……的；能……的
accept→acceptable 可接受的
comfort→comfortable
舒适的
fashion→fashionable
时髦的
suit→suitable
合适的
reason→reasonable
有道理的
-al与……有关的
music→musical
音乐的
origin→original
最初的
person→personal
个人的；私人的
centre→central
中央的；中心的
nature→natural
自然的；天生的
form→formal
正式的
nation→national
全国的
-ful充满……的；有……性质或倾向的
doubt→doubtful
怀疑的
forget→forgetful
健忘的
harm→harmful
有害的
hope→hopeful
有希望的
peace→peaceful
和平的
care→careful
细心的
use→useful
有用的
help→helpful
有帮助的
-ed感到……的
scare→scared 感到恐惧的
confuse→confused
感到困惑的
puzzle→puzzled
感到迷惑的
worry→worried
担心的
bore→bored
感到厌倦的
excite→excited
激动的；兴奋的
determine→determined
有决心的
-ing令人……的
surprise→surprising 令人惊讶的
convince→convincing
令人信服的
satisfy→satisfying
令人满意的
worry→worrying
令人担心的
bore→boring
令人厌烦的
-ible可……的；能……的
access→accessible
容易到达的；容易取得的
horror→horrible 可怕的；恐怖的
terror→terrible
可怕的
-ive与……有关的；有……倾向的
act→active 积极的；活跃的
effect→effective
有效的；生效的
attract→attractive
有吸引力的
impress→impressive
给人深刻印象的
instruct→instructive
有教育意义的
expense→expensive
昂贵的
-ous多……的；有……特性的
continue→continuous
不断的；持续的
anxiety→anxious
忧虑的
caution→cautious十分小心的；谨慎的
curiosity→curious
好奇的
humor→humorous
幽默的
-some引起……的
tire→tiresome 令人厌倦的
trouble→troublesome
麻烦的
-y具有……性质或特点的
taste→tasty
美味的；可口的
health→healthy
健康的
wealth→wealthy
富裕的；丰富的
dirt→dirty
有灰尘的；脏的
rain→rainy
多雨的
sun→sunny
阳光明媚的
cloud→cloudy
阴天的
-ern表示方位、地点等……的
east→eastern
东方的；向东的
west→western
西方的；向西的
-ish有……性质或特点
child→childish
孩子气的
fool→foolish
愚蠢的；可笑的
self→selfish
自私的
-ic与……有关的
science→scientific
科学的
economy→economic
经济的
history→historic 历史(上)的；有关历史的
-en由……制成或构成的
gold→golden 金的
wood→wooden
木制的
wool→woolen
羊毛的
2.形容词变副词的规则
一般情况加-ly
common→commonly
immediate→immediately
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾，将y改为i然后加-ly
easy→easily
happy→happily
busy→busily
以-le结尾，去掉e加-y
simple→simply
gentle→gently
以-ic结尾，加-ally
economic→economically
scientific→scientifically
(三)特殊情况
1．以-ly结尾的形容词：friendly,
lovely,
lonely,
deadly,
daily,
monthly,
weekly,
yearly等。
2．兼有形容词和副词词性的hard,
deep,
slow等词与hardly,
deeply,
slowly的区别。
(一)单句语法填空
1．(2020·昆明三模)Because
of
Richard
Sears’
enthusiasm
for
traditional
(tradition)
Chinese
culture,
he
began
learning
Chinese
in
1972.
2．(2020·佛山三模)Wouldn’t
it
be
enjoyable
(enjoy)
to
have
a
greeting
code
that
is
widely
(wide)
acceptable?
3．(2020·大庆三模)Thankfully
(thank),
effective
measures
have
been
taken
by
China
and
India
to
prohibit
the
Tibetan
antelopes
from
being
hunted.
4．(2020·哈尔滨第五次模拟)Bikesharing
is
a
greener
(green)
method
of
transportation
and
provides
a
more
friendly
experience.
5．However,
the
programs
have
also
led
to
problems
such
as
illegal
(legal)
parking,
deliberate
damaging
and
theft.
6．(2020·济南打靶卷)She
is
known
as
“the
most
(much)
beautiful
grandma
doctor”
by
others.
(二)单句改错
1．Now
I
take
a
shower
quickly
than
before.
quickly前加more
2．I
make
people
happily
with
my
letters,
and
you
do
too.
happily→happy
3．This
year
I
experienced
one
of
the
long
holidays
in
my
life.I
had
to
stay
at
home
to
avoid
being
infected
by
the
novel
coronavirus,
a
kind
of
virus
that
resulted
in
a
serious
lung
disease.
long→longest
4．I
hope
to
study
in
Zhongshan
University
in
the
future,
and
that’s
why
I’m
working
so
hardly
now.
hardly→hard
5．We
need
to
face
many
pains
as
we
grow
up.But
these
pains
eventual
bring
us
gains.
eventual→eventually
6．Most
important,
they’ve
reduced
river
pollution,
making
the
water
so
clean
that
people
can
now
fish
in
the
river.
important→importantly第四讲：真题分块练习——代词
语法填空常考点
1．it的用法
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Data
about
the
moon’s
composition,
such
as
how
much
ice
and
other
treasures
it
contains,
could
help
China
decide
whether
its
(it)
plans
for
a
future
lunar
(月球的)
base
are
practical.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)If
you
are
time
poor,
you
need
run
for
only
half
the
time
to
get
the
same
benefits
as
other
sports,
so
perhaps
we
should
all
give
it
a
try.
③(2018·浙江6月高考)Many
westerners
who
come
to
China
cook
much
less
than
in
their
own
countries
once
they
realize
how
cheap
it
can
be
to
eat
out.
④(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However,
the
railway
quickly
proved
to
be
a
great
success
and
within
six
months,
more
than
25,000
people
were
using
it
every
day.
2．人称、物主、反身代词
⑤(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)As
well
as
looking
at
exhibits,
visitors
can
play
with
computer
simulations
(模拟)and
imagine
themselves
(they)
living
at
a
different
time
in
history
or
walking
through
a
rainforest.
⑥(2019·北京高考)Nervously
facing
challenges,
I
know
I
will
whisper
to
myself
(I)
the
two
simple
words
“Be
yourself”．
⑦(2018·浙江11月高考)One
cup
of
coffee
in
the
late
afternoon
or
evening
will
cause
them
(they)
to
stay
awake
almost
all
night.
⑧(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When
the
gorillas
and
I
frightened
each
other,
I
was
just
glad
to
find
them
(they)
alive.
⑨(2017·浙江11月高考)Another
nice
thing
is
that
you
learn
both
new
words
and
their
(they)
use
unconsciously,
meaning
that
you
will
tend
to
use
the
words
learned
this
way
in
conversations
almost
automatically.
⑩(2017·浙江6月高考)“She
thought
I
had
hurt
myself
(I)，”
says
Pahlsson.
短文改错常考点
1．人称、物主、反身代词
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)“Not
that
way，”
my
mom
tried
to
stop
us
but
failed.
us→me
②(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Best
of
luck
with
yours
learning
kung
fu
in
China.
yours→your/you
③(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)I
tell
my
mom
that
if
we’re
forced
to
eat
things,
we
may
become
ill.But
he
insists
on
us
eating
healthy
food.
he→she
④(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)From
then
on,
I
started
to
play
my
football
with
classmates
after
school.
去掉my
⑤(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)They
were
two
reasons
for
the
decision.
They→There
⑥(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In
the
cafe,
customers
will
enjoy
yourselves
in
the
historical
environment
that
is
created
for
them.
yourselves→themselves
⑦(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As
a
kid,
I
loved
to
watch
cartoons,
but
no
matter
how
many
times
I
asked
to
watch
them,
my
parents
would
not
let
me.They
would
say
to
us
that
playing
card
games
would
help
my
brain.
us→me
⑧(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I
had
done
myself
homework,
but
I
was
shy.
myself→my/the
⑨(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)This
picture
often
brings
back
to
me
many
happy
memories
of
your
high
school
days.
your→my
2．不定代词
⑩(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The
first
time
I
went
there,
they
were
living
in
a
small
house
with
dogs,
ducks,
and
another
animals.
another→other
?(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Mr.and
Mrs.Zhang
all
work
in
our
school.
all→both或去掉all
(一)基本用法
1．作主语时，需要用代词的主格或名词性物主代词，如：I,
you,
they,
mine,
yours等。
2．作宾语时，需要用代词的宾格或名词性物主代词，如：me,
us,
them,
mine,
yours等。
3．作定语时，需要用形容词性物主代词，如his,
her,
their等。
(二)特殊用法
1．某些固定搭配中，常用反身代词。如：enjoy
oneself,
help
oneself
to等。
2．it的用法
①it指代上文提到的同一个事物、天气、时间、距离、环境或不知性别的人等。
②it作形式主语或宾语，或用于强调句式和某些特殊句式中。如：it
is
...for
sb.to
do
sth.;
it
is
...that/who
...等。
③it的形容词性物主代词为its而不是it’s(it
is的缩写)。
3．不定代词
①二者选其一用either;
二者都不选用neither;
二者都选用both。
②三者或三者以上的任何一个用any;
三者或三者以上都不选用none;
三者或三者以上都选用all。
③三者或三者以上中的另外一个用another；两者中的另一个用the
other。
(一)单句语法填空
1．(2020·沈阳三模)She
said
that
sports
and
physical
exercise
gave
her
(she)
another
opportunity
at
living.
2．The
answer
is
that
the
Himalaya,
for
example,
long
defined
by
its
(it)
glaciers.
3．(2020·重庆二模)Look
after
the
pennies,
and
the
pounds
will
look
after
themselves
(they)．
4．While
making
a
choice
from
various
ways
of
spending
our
time,
we
ought
to
ensure
something
that
restores
our
lost
energy
and
cheers
us
(we)
up.
5．(2020·青岛三模)At
8,844.43
meters
high,
Mount
Qomolangma
is
the
tallest
mountain
on
Earth.While
it
is
famous
for
its
challenging
hike,
parts
of
the
mountain
are
facing
a
problem:
garbage.
(二)单句改错
1．As
a
result,
that
isn’t
very
easy
to
find
a
job
here.
that→it
2．Besides,
I
had
experience
in
performing
when
you
were
in
England.
I→you
3．He
finally
calmed
down.Because
in
her
mind,
it
is
Wonder
Woman
who
is
the
strongest
in
the
battlefield.
her→his
4．But
when
I
saw
many
people
enjoying
myself
in
the
water,
my
fear
was
reducing.
myself→themselves
5．Dad
found
a
new
job,
and
as
Mom
explained,
“He
was
lucky
to
find
other
one.”
other→another第七讲：真题分块练习——谓语动词与非谓语动词
一、理解概念
1．谓语动词指的是在句中充当谓语的实义动词，其形式主要体现为各种时态的动词形式。
2．非谓语动词指的是在句中不能单独作谓语的不定式、动名词和分词等的动词形式。非谓语动词具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，没有人称和数的变化，但是有相应的时态和语态变化。
二、牢记特性
一必须性
一般而言，一个简单句必须有谓语动词。同时，谓语动词需考虑时态、语态和主谓一致等。
[例1] (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The
unmanned
Chang’e-4
probe
(探测器)
—
the
name
was
inspired
by
an
ancient
Chinese
moon
goddess
—
__61__
(touch)
down
last
week
in
the
South
PoleAitken
basin.
分析：分析句子结构可知，“the
name
was
inspired
by
an
ancient
Chinese
moon
goddess”是插入语，故61题处是谓语动词，再根据时间状语last
week可知，此处用一般过去时态。故填touched。
[例2] (2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The
parts
of
a
museum
open
to
the
public
__40__
(call)
galleries
or
rooms.
分析：分析句子结构可知，句中缺少谓语，此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时；主语是复数概念，与call是动宾关系，应使用被动语态。故填are
called。
一个简单句有且只能有一个谓语动词，若句中出现两个以上的动词，需用连词把它们连接起来。复合句中，有几个简单句就有几个谓语动词。如果既没有连词，也不是复合句，那么第二个动词就作非谓语动词。
[例3] (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)They
represent
the
earth
__63__
(come)
back
to
life
and
best
wishes
for
new
beginnings.
分析：句中谓语动词为represent，所以设空处为非谓语动词。名词earth与come
back
to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
[例4] (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On
the
last
day
of
our
weeklong
stay,
we
__69__
(invite)
to
attend
a
private
concert
on
a
beautiful
farm
on
the
North
Shore
under
the
stars,
__70__
(listen)
to
musicians
and
meeting
interesting
locals.
分析：“On
the
last
day
of
our
weeklong
stay”为时间状语，we是句子的主语，后缺少谓语动词，故第69题作谓语。结合时间状语可知，此处表示发生在过去的动作，且we与invite之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，且本句主语we为复数概念，故填were
invited。
第70题所在的空前无连词或引导词，在句中已有谓语动词的情况下，第70题应填非谓语动词形式。根据主语we与listen之间为主动关系，此处应填现在分词listening，且与后面and连接的现在分词meeting并列，表示伴随。
[例5] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)All
the
football
players
on
the
playground
cheered
loudly,
say
that
I
had
a
talent
for
football.
分析：句中已有谓语动词cheered，且say与谓语之间无连词连接，所以say应用非谓语动词形式。因主语players与say之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词形式作伴随状语。故将say改为saying。
三、巧用方法
若句中的各分句之间有
“and,
but,
so,
if,
because”等连词时，说明动词是谓语动词；若句子中的主干句后有“逗号”，后面无连词，则该动词应用非谓语动词形式。
[题组1]
示例
①He
volunteered
to
help
control
traffic,
________
(donate)
an
hour
of
his
time
every
week.
②He
volunteered
to
help
control
traffic,
and
______
(donate)
an
hour
of
his
time
every
week.
分析
两句的差别是连词and。分析句子结构可知，①中空格处为现在分词作状语；②中空格处由and连接与volunteered并列作谓语。故①填donating；②填donated。
[题组2]
示例
①The
guide
________
(lead)
the
way,
we
had
no
trouble
getting
out
of
the
forest.
②The
guide
________
(lead)
the
way,
so
we
had
no
trouble
getting
out
of
the
forest.
分析
两句的差别是连词so。分析句子结构可知，①句为独立主格结构作原因状语，且guide与lead之间为主谓关系；②句so连接两个并列句，空格处所填词应与第二个并列分句的谓语动词时态一致。故①填leading；②填led。
[题组3]
示例
①The
party
will
be
held
in
the
garden,
weather
________
(permit)．
②The
party
will
be
held
in
the
garden,
if
weather
________
(permit)．
分析
两句的差别是连词if。分析句子结构可知，①句为独立主格结构作条件状语，且weather与permit之间为主谓关系；②句为if引导的条件状语从句。故①填permitting；②填permits。
[题组4]
示例
①Jim
was
listening
attentively
to
the
lecture,
and
all
his
attention
________
(fix)
on
it.
②Jim
was
listening
attentively
to
the
lecture,
(with)
all
his
attention
________
(fix)
on
it.
③Jim
was
listening
attentively
to
the
lecture,
______
(fix)
all
his
attention
on
it.
分析
三句的差别是逗号后面的部分。分析句子结构可知，①句为and连接两个并列句，通过对其时态、语态的分析，应用一般过去时的被动语态；②句为独立主格结构(with复合结构)，且attention与fix之间为动宾关系；③句为现在分词短语作伴随状语。故①填was
fixed；②填fixed；③填fixing。
四、知晓关键
1．非谓语作目的状语时用不定式
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Chinese
researchers
hope
to
use
the
instruments
onboard
Chang’e-4
to_find
(find)
and
study
areas
of
the
South
PoleAitken
basin.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The
government
encourages
farmers
to
grow
corn
instead
of
rice
to_improve
(improve)
water
quality.
2．非谓语作伴随状语时用现在分词
①(2020·浙江7月高考)Later,
they
learned
to
work
with
the
seasons,
planting
at
the
right
time
and,
in
dry
areas,
making
(make)
use
of
annual
floods
to
irrigate
(灌溉)
their
fields.
②(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)People
probably
cooked
their
food
in
large
pots,
using
(use)
twigs
(树枝)
to
remove
it.
③(2018·全国卷Ⅲ短文改错)Everyone
was
silent,
wait
to
see
who
would
be
called
upon
to
read
his
or
her
paragraph
aloud.
wait→waiting
3．非谓语作介词的宾语时用动名词
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists
have
responded
by
noting
(note)
that
hungry
bears
may
be
congregating
(聚集)
around
human
settlements
...
②(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A
90yearold
has
been
awarded
“Woman
Of
The
Year”
for
being
(be)
Britain’s
oldest
fulltime
employee
—
still
working
40
hours
a
week.
③(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast
food
is
full
of
fat
and
salt;
by
eating
(eat)
more
fast
food
people
will
get
more
salt
and
fat
than
they
need
in
their
diet.
4．固定结构中的非谓语动词形式
例如be
likely
to
do
sth.,
have
difficulty/trouble
(in)
doing
sth.,
spend
time
(in)
doing
sth.等。
①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)They
are
easy
to_care
(care)
for
and
make
great
presents.
②(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The
next
morning
he
hired
a
boat
and
set
out
to_find
(find)
the
well-known
painter.
③(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On
our
way
to
the
house,
it
was
raining
so
hard
that
we
couldn’t
help
wondering
how
long
it
would
take
to_get
(get)
there.
④(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But
unlike
her
school
friends,
16-year-old
Sarah
is
not
spending
half-term
resting
(rest)．
五、辨清易混
一v.-ing形式和v.-ed形式作状语的区别
v．-ing形式作状语表示动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系；v.-ed形式作状语表示动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。
[例1] (2020·天津高考改编)The
dancer’s
incredible
performance
had
the
audience
on
its
feet
______
(clap)
for
10
minutes
at
the
end
of
the
show.
分析：句意：这位舞蹈演员精彩绝伦的演出使观众在演出结束时站起来鼓掌达10分钟之久。句中的the
audience
与clap之间为主动关系，故用现在分词，构成have
sb.doing
sth.结构。实际上clap伴随on
its
feet
同时发生，故用现在分词短语作伴随状语。故填clapping。
[例2] (2019·北京高考)Nervously
__2__
(face)
challenges,
I
know
I
will
whisper
to
myself
the
two
simple
words
“Be
yourself”．
分析：分析句子结构可知，本句中谓语动词为know，与设空处之间没有连词连接，故设空处应用非谓语动词形式；主语I与动词face之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故空处应用现在分词形式facing。
[例3] (2018·北京高考改编)Ordinary
soap,
________
(use)
correctly,
can
deal
with
bacteria
effectively.
分析：句意：普通的肥皂，如果使用得当，能有效地处理细菌。分析句子结构可知，此处是条件状语从句if
it
is
used
correctly的省略，省略了if
it
is，Ordinary
soap与use之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填used。
(二)v.-ing形式和v.-ed形式作定语和表语的区别
v．-ing形式和v.-ed形式都可以作形容词，前者意为“令人……的”，后者意为“感到……的”。
[例4] (2020·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)I
like
eating
frying
tomatoes
with
eggs,
and
I
thought
it
must
be
easy
to
cook.
分析：frying
“正在炸/炒的”，fried
“炸好的，炒好的”。
v．ing形式表示主动、进行的意思，而v.ed形式表示被动、完成的意思。此处表示“我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋”，显然，这道菜是炒好的，故frying改为fried。
[例5] (2019·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)One
was
that
I
was
amazing
at
the
fact
that
a
sick
person
could
feel
much
better
after
seeing
a
doctor.
分析：amazed
“感到吃惊的，感到惊讶的”，说明人的感受；amazing
“令人吃惊的，令人惊讶的”，描述人或事物本身具有的特征。此处说明主语I的感受，故用ed形式的形容词。故amazing改为amazed。
(三)to
do不定式、v.-ing形式和v.-ed形式作定语的区别
不定式作后置定语表示动作尚未进行；现在分词作后置定语表示主动、进行；过去分词作后置定语表示被动、完成。
[例6] (2020·浙江7月高考)Agriculture
gave
people
their
first
experience
of
the
power
of
technology
__60__
(change)
lives.
分析：分析句子结构可知，空处作后置定语修饰technology，应用不定式，表示农业让人们第一次体验到科技改变生活的力量。
故填to
change。
[例7] (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When
we
got
a
call
__68__
(say)
she
was
shortlisted,
we
thought
it
was
a
joke.
分析：分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语call之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词作后置定语修饰a
call，故填saying。
[例8] (2018·浙江11月高考)Larger
amounts
of
caffeine
can
cause
a
problem
__62__
(call)
caffeinism.You
get
very
nervous
and
you
can’t
sleep.
分析：分析句子结构可知，此处call与problem之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故填call的过去分词形式作后置定语。故填called。
有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，例如agree,
decide,
refuse,
manage等；而有些动词只跟动名词作宾语，例如avoid,
finish,
mind,
practise等。还有些动词既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，这些都要特别注意。
[例9] (2019·浙江6月高考)But
some
students
didn’t
want
__63__
(wear)
the
uniform.
分析：want后接不定式形式作宾语，故填to
wear。
[例10] (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I
quickly
lower
myself,
ducking
my
head
to
avoid
__64__
(look)
directly
into
his
eyes
so
he
doesn’t
feel
challenged.
分析：句意：我迅速低下头避免和它直视，以便它不会感到受到挑战。avoid
doing
sth.“避免做某事”，
avoid后接动名词作宾语，故填looking。
[即时强化落实]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2020·烟台高三模拟改编)Last
week
European
Union
leaders
__1__
(urge)
to
support
rewilding
efforts
by
environmental
activist
groups,
including
the
World
Wildlife
Fund.
“Rewilding”
is
a
conservation
effort
__2__
(aim)
at
returning
land
to
its
more
natural,
undeveloped
state.This
movement
is
growing
in
__3__
(popular)
around
the
world,
especially
in
cities
and
towns
where
lawns
(草地)
covers
most
areas.__4__
(replace)
lawns
with
diverse
native
plants
can
help
support
wildlife
like
bees
and
other
insects.
Native
plants
can
grow
in
any
conditions
so
there
is
no
need
to
introduce
foreign
plants
when
there
__5__
(be)
so
many
other
options.Part
of
the
process
of
rewilding
means
__6__
(change)
the
way
most
people
attend
to
their
green
spaces.For
example,
it
is
not
a
good
idea
to
clean
up
your
garden
immediately
at
the
end
of
the
growing
season.It
is
better
to
leave
dead
plants
as
they
are.Birds
__7__
favorite
food
is
seeds
appreciate
it
when
you
don’t
deadhead
flowers.Less
cutting
of
plants
and
grass
lets
pollinators
(授粉者)
get
to
flowers,
and
__8__
(fall)
leaf
collection
should
be
limited,
too.The
remains
of
the
garden
and
lawn
provide
food
and
shelter
for
important
insect
life.
No
area
is
too
small,
and
every
space
we
can
leave
for
nature
__9__
(blossom)
is
valuable.So
you’d
better
tell
neighbors
about
your
rewilding
project,
__10__
they
might
misunderstand
your
effort
as
simple
laziness.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章以欧盟领导人敦促包括世界野生动物基金会(World
Wildlife
Fund)在内的环保组织要支持重建野生环境的努力为背景，讲述了重建野生环境的基本过程。
1．urged 考查动词的时态。根据句首Last
week可知，事件是发生在过去，时态要用一般过去时。
故填urged。
2．aimed 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处作定语。be
aimed
at
...，表示“目的是……”。故填aimed。
3．popularity 考查名词。空处位于介词in后，作宾语，应用名词。故填popularity。
4．Replacing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处作主语，应用动名词，故填Replacing。
5．are 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据主谓一致规则，there
be
结构中，be的形式使用就近原则。本句中，be
动词后so
many
other
options为复数名词短语，且本段的时态为一般现在时。故填are。
6．changing 考查非谓语动词。固定搭配mean
doing
sth.“意味着做某事”。故填changing。
7．whose 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，“__7__
favorite
food
is
seeds”是一个定语从句，Birds为先行词，关系词在从句中作定语，故填关系代词whose。
8．fallen 考查非谓语动词。空处和其后的leaf构成修饰关系，修饰名词要用形容词。结合文意，此处表示“落叶”，fall的过去分词形式fallen，表示“已经落下的”，故填fallen。
9．to
blossom 考查非谓语动词。句意：每个地方都不小，我们能留给大自然的每一个开花的空间都是宝贵的。根据句意和句子结构可知，空格处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。
10．otherwise/or 考查连词。句意：所以你最好告诉你的邻居你的重建野生环境的计划，否则他们会误会你的努力只是懒惰。根据语境，逗号之前讲述你最好告诉邻居你做什么，逗号后的内容为邻居对你的努力的结果的否定评价，所以前后为截然相反的意思，故填otherwise/or。
Ⅱ.短文改错
March
5th
is
a
day
in
honor
of
Lei
Feng,
who
people
are
called
on
to
help
others.On
the
morning
of
that
day
this
year,
our
class
met
the
school
gate
and
went
to
a
Hope
Primary
School
by
the
bus.Upon
arriving
there,
they
gave
us
a
warmly
welcome.We
gave
the
students
some
books,
food
or
clothes.And
then,
we
played
several
game
with
them
and
told
them
stories.Before
we
leave,
we
took
a
photo
with
them.See
their
smiling
faces,
we
both
felt
a
sense
of
happiness.We
went
home
and
promised
to
go
back
whenever
possible.How
an
unforgettable
experience
it
was!
答案：第一句：who→when
第二句：met后加at;
去掉by后的the
第三句：warmly→warm
第四句：or→and
第五句：game→games
第六句：leave→left
第七句：See→Seeing;
both→all
第九句：How→What
二、辨清谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
一、判定时态的“5种方法”
1．“定义”法
通过时态的准确定义，再结合句意就可以确定谓语动词的时态。
[例1] (2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Often,
only
a
small
part
of
a
museum’s
collection
__41__
(be)
on
display.
分析：此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时。主语a
small
part
of
a
museum’s
collection是单数概念，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故填is。
[例2] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of
the
nineteen
recognized
polar
bear
subpopulations,
three
are
declining,
six
__70__
(be)
stable,
one
is
increasing,
and
nine
lack
enough
data.
分析：此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且空前的主语为six，指代six
recognized
polar
bear
subpopulations，表示复数意义，故本空应填are。
[例3] (2019·江苏高考改编)A
few
months
after
he
had
arrived
in
China,
Mr.Smith
________
(fall)
in
love
with
the
people
and
culture
there.
分析：句意：史密斯先生到中国几个月后，就爱上了那里的人和文化。这里描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填fell。
2．“状语”法
通过题干中的yesterday,
tomorrow,
since,
over
the
years,
so
far等明显的时间状语可以迅速确定谓语动词的时态和语态。
[例1] (2020·浙江7月高考)By
about
6000
BC,
people
__61__
(discover)
the
best
crops
to
grow
and
animals
to
raise.
分析：根据时间状语By
about
6000
BC
可知，空格处的谓语动词需用过去完成时，表示到过去某个时间为止已经完成或发生的动作。故填had
discovered。
[例2] (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I
love
coming
here
and
seeing
my
family
and
all
the
friends
I
__66__
(make)
over
the
years.
分析：结合空格后面的时间状语“over
the
years”可知，此处表示“近些年结交的所有朋友们”，因此空处应用现在完成时。故填have
made。
[例3] (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Diets
have
changed
in
China
—
and
so
too
has
its
top
crop.Since
2011,
the
country
__61__
(grow)
more
corn
than
rice.
分析：由时间状语“Since
2011”可知，这里要用现在完成时。主语“the
country”是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用has
grown。
[例4] (2019·江苏高考改编)They
are
trying
to
make
sure
that
5G
terminals
________
(install)
by
2022
for
the
Beijing
Winter
Olympics.
分析：根据时间状语by
2022可知，空处应用将来完成时。5G
terminals和动词install之间是被动关系，故空处应用将来完成时的被动语态。故填will
have
been
installed。
[例5] (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)My
dad
thinks
I
should
take
the
offer
now.But
at
the
moment,
school
__69__
(come)
first.
分析：由时间状语at
the
moment可知，这里是指现在发生的事情，因此用一般现在时。故填comes。
3．“顺序”法
通过判断句中动词所表示的动作发生的先后关系，可以确定谓语动词的时态和语态。
[例1] (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)When
he
asked
the
villagers
on
the
banks
of
the
river
where
he
could
find
the
legendary
(传奇的)
artist,
they
smiled
and
__66__
(point)
down
the
river.
分析：分析句子结构可知，and连接的是并列谓语，根据句中的“smiled”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
[例2] (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Our
hosts
shared
many
of
their
experiences
and
__65__
(recommend)
wonderful
places
to
eat,
shop,
and
visit.
分析：分析句子结构可知，and连接的是并列谓语，根据句中的“shared”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填recommended。
[例3] (2019·浙江6月高考)One
study
in
America
found
that
students’
grades
__62__
(improve)
a
little
after
the
school
introduced
uniforms.
分析：根据语境可知，
improve表示的动作与空前的谓语动词found同时发生，宾语从句中应用过去时态，故填improved。注意：此处improve表示“提高”，是不及物动词，应用主动形式。
[例4] (2018·北京高考改编)A
rescue
worker
risked
his
life
saving
two
tourists
who
________
(trap)
in
the
mountains
for
two
days.
分析：句意：一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两名被困在山里两天的游客。根据语境可知，trap所表示的动作发生在risked之前，为“过去的过去”，故应用过去完成时；又因为trap与主语who(指代“two
tourists”)之间是被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had
been
trapped。
4．“语境”法
在无时间状语和其他参照的动词时态时，通过“语境暗示”可以确定谓语动词的时态和语态。
[例1] (2019·北京高考)On
the
first
day
of
my
first
grade,
I
stood
by
the
door
with
butterflies
in
my
stomach.I
__1__
(voice)
my
biggest
concern
to
my
mother,
“How
will
I
make
friends？”
分析：根据语境可知，此处讲述的是过去发生的事情，应该用一般过去时，所以填voiced
“表达，吐露”。
[例2] (2019·天津高考改编)I
________
(hope)
to
send
Peter
a
gift
to
congratulate
him
on
his
marriage,
but
I
couldn’t
manage
it.
分析：句意：我本希望送给彼得一件礼物来祝贺他结婚，但是我没能做到。根据语境可知，本句中“希望送礼物”发生在“没能做到”之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had
hoped。
[例3] (2019·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)One
was
that
I
was
amazed
at
the
fact
that
a
sick
person
could
feel
much
better
after
seeing
a
doctor.And
the
other
is
that
I
wanted
to
help
people
in
need.
分析：根据语境可知，作者描述的是过去发生的事情，因此应将最后一句中的is改为was。
5．“句式”法
通过所掌握的常用句式也可以迅速确定谓语动词的时态和语态。
[典例] (2017·天津高考改编)I
________
(drive)
down
to
London
when
I
suddenly
found
that
I
was
on
the
wrong
road.
分析：此处是be
doing
...when
...结构，意为“正在做……，这时(突然)……”。故填was
driving。
二、判定语态的“2种方法”
1．“标志词”法
通过句中的“by
...”表示被动语态的标志词，可以判断谓语动词的语态。
[典例] (山东高考改编)Millions
of
pounds’
worth
of
damage
______
(cause)
by
a
storm
which
swept
across
the
north
of
England
last
night.
分析：分析句子结构可知，空格处是谓语动词。空格后的“by”往往是被动语态的标志词，故可判断此处应用被动语态。再根据时间状语last
night可知，该动作已经发生。最后结合句意可知该句强调暴风雨给英国北部带来的影响，故用现在完成时的被动语态has
been
caused。
2．“顺句意”法
通过尝试理顺句子的意思，可以判断谓语动词的语态。
[典例] (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The
artist
was
sure
he
would
__63__
(choose),
but
when
he
presented
his
masterpiece
to
the
emperor’s
chief
minister,
the
old
man
laughed.
分析：句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的重臣时，这位老人笑了。根据句意可知，主语he与choose之间构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be
chosen。
三、判定主谓一致的“3个原则”
1．“语法一致”原则
(1)单数可数名词或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数；复数可数名词作主语时谓语动词用复数。
(2)定语从句中的关系代词that,
who,
which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数保持一致。
(3)单个动名词、不定式或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。
(4)主语后跟有with,
together
with,
as
well
as,
but,
except,
along
with,
rather
than等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
[例1] (2020·
全国卷Ⅱ)This
is
why
decorating
with
plants,
fruits
and
flowers
__62__
(carry)
special
significance.
分析：句中why引导表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating
with
plants,
fruits
and
flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
[例2] (2018·浙江11月高考)Caffeine,
a
chemical
typically
found
in
coffee,
has
caused
a
lot
of
concern
because
it
is
one
of
the
few
drugs
that
show
up
regularly
in
our
food
supply.You
probably
have
been
using
caffeine
since
childhood.Caffeine
__57__
(be)
in
your
first
Coke.
分析：根据上文内容以及空处所在句中的“in
your
first
Coke”可知，此处描述的是发生在过去的事，且主语是不可数名词Caffeine，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填was。
[例3] (2019·天津高考改编)Amy,
as
well
as
her
brothers,
________
(give)
a
warm
welcome
when
returning
to
the
village
last
week.
分析：句意：上周艾米和她的兄弟们回到村子里的时候受到了热烈的欢迎。根据时间状语“last
week”可知，应用一般过去时；as
well
as连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致，主语Amy为单数，谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为give与主语Amy之间为被动关系，故填was
given。
2．“意义一致”原则
(1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的个体成员，谓语动词则用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family,
class,
team,
group,
public,
committee,
government,
audience等。
(2)“分数/百分数/the
majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all,
some,
half,
most,
the
rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
[例1] (2020·天津高考改编)The
number
of
medical
schools
reached
18
in
the
early
1990s
and
______
(remain)
around
that
level
ever
since.
分析：根据句中的时间状语ever
since
可知，需用现在完成时，而句子主语是The
number
of
medical
schools，所以谓语用第三人称单数。故填has
remained。
[例2] 98%
of
the
surface
______
(cover)
permanently
by
ice
and
strong
winds
driven
by
gravity
blow
from
the
pole
to
the
coastline.
分析：本句主语为“分数＋of＋名词”，其中名词the
surface为单数，故谓语动词应用单数形式；根据句意，此处描述客观事实且表示“被覆盖”，故填is
covered。
3．“就近一致”原则
由either
...or
...,
neither
...nor
...,
not
only
...but
also
...等连接的并列主语或者在there
be句型中，谓语动词常与就近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
[典例] Not
only
Jasper
but
also
his
friends
______
(be)
planning
to
go,
because
they
have
never
been
there
before.
分析：主语由not
only
...but
also连接，谓语动词应与his
friends保持一致，再结合本句时态可知，应填are。
[特别提醒]
特殊动词特殊对待
有些动词(短语)的用法特殊，例如belong
to不用于进行时和被动语态；date
back
to/date
from常用于一般现在时等，对此熟练掌握是准确解题的前提。
[典例] It
is
about
taking
action
to
show
the
world
that
the
right
to
read
and
write
______
(belong)
to
all
people.
分析：主句为It
is
about
taking
action
to
show
the
world，that引导宾语从句，其中主语是the
right
to
read
and
write，为单数，
belong
to为从句的谓语，它不用于进行时和被动语态，故填belongs。
[即时强化落实]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2020·广元二模改编)Visitors
to
Britain
may
find
the
best
place
to
enjoy
local
culture
is
in
a
traditional
pub.A
team
of
__1__
(research)
have
discovered
some
of
the
unknown
culture
of
British
pubs
—
starting
with
the
difficulty
of
__2__
(get)
a
drink.This
may
sound
inconvenient,
but
there
is
__3__
hidden
meaning.
Pub
culture
__4__
(form)
to
improve
sociability
in
a
society
that
is
known
for
its
coldness.Standing
at
the
bar
for
service
__5__
(allow)
you
to
chat
with
others
who
are
waiting
to
be
served.The
bar
counter
is
__6__
(possible)
the
only
place
in
Britain
where
a
friendly
talk
with
strangers
__7__
(consider)
to
be
entirely
proper
and
really
quite
normal
behavior.__8__，
if
you
do
not
follow
the
local
rules,
the
experience
may
fall
flat.For
example,
if
you
are
in
a
big
group,
__9__
is
best
for
one
or
two
people
to
go
to
buy
the
drinks.Nothing
makes
the
regular
customers
and
bar
staff
angry
__10__
(much)
than
a
group
of
strangers
blocking
all
passages
to
the
bar
while
they
chat
and
hesitate
about
what
to
order.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了英国的酒吧文化，以及在英国的酒吧里应该如何了解到本土文化。
1．researchers 考查名词复数。a
team
of后接可数名词复数形式。
2．getting 考查非谓语动词。of是介词，后接动词时用动名词形式。
3．a 考查冠词。meaning作“意思”讲时，是可数名词，单数形式前加a表示泛指。
4．is
formed 考查时态和语态。主语Pub
culture与form之间构成被动关系，且由上下文时态可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态形式。
5．allows 考查时态和主谓一致。动名词短语Standing
at
the
bar
for
service作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。又因为叙述的是一般性事实，故用一般现在时。
6．possibly 考查副词。使用副词possibly作为状语，对谓语进行修饰。
7．is
considered 考查时态和语态。该句的主语是talk而不是strangers。再结合上下文和句意可知，此处用一般现在时的被动语态。
8．However 考查副词。
根据句意可知，空处上下文之间为转折关系，故填However。
9．it 考查it用法。it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语to
go
to
buy
the
drinks。
10．more 考查比较级。根据句中than可知，用比较级more。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Great
changes
have
been
taken
place
in
my
village.Ten
years
ago,
the
small
and
low
houses
of
my
village
lie
on
the
north
of
a
lake.The
villagers
produced
many
waste.As
a
result,
the
lake
was
serious
polluted.To
the
west
of
the
village
was
a
sandy
field,
where
was
the
source
of
much
dust.
Now
the
poor
house
have
been
replaced
by
green
trees.However,
the
sandy
field
that
the
villagers
used
to
plough
has
been
covered
of
fruit
trees.On
the
lake,
now
clean
and
clear,
the
villagers
often
spend
their
spare
time
fish.
In
word,
my
village
has
become
a
green
one.
答案：第一句：去掉been
第二句：lie→lay
第三句：many→much
第四句：serious→seriously
第五句：where→which
第六句：house→houses
第七句：However→Besides/Additionally;
of→with
第八句：fish→fishing
第九句：In后加a第一讲：考情分析
语法在高考中最显性的考查表现在语法填空和短文改错上，二者的准确解答均需以语法为基础，所以，本书将两题型置于一个专题中集中研究。先研究语法在这两个题型中的常考点，做到点点过；再研究每个题型的解题技法，做到题题通。科学编排，省时高效。
一、语法填空考情图解
1．文章体裁
体裁以说明文和记叙文为主，200词左右。
2．考查形式
语篇中挖10个空，6～7个题是有提示词类(填括号内单词的正确形式)，3～4个题是无提示词类(空白处填入1个适当的单词)。
3．考查项目
有提示词类填空考查的项目有谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、代词等。无提示词类考查的项目主要是介词、冠词、从属关联词与连词。
二、短文改错考情图解
1．文章体裁
体裁以记叙文、应用文为主，兼顾说明文和议论文。短文有7～10句话，大约100词，其中几乎每年的试题中都有一个较长的复合句。
2．内容选材
类似考生习作，贴近考生生活，多为考生所熟悉甚至是考生所经历过的事，例如2020高考英语全国卷Ⅰ讲述作者第一次做西红柿炒鸡蛋的经历。有的还传递出了“正能量”，富有教育意义。
3．涉及考点
几乎涉及考纲所列的所有语法项目。动词、名词、形容词、副词等方面的考点以修改为主，而删除和添加方面的考点主要包括介词、冠词、并列连词、系动词、助动词、代词、不定式符号to等。第八讲：真题分块练习——并列复合句与主从复合句
一、并列复合句
一、记牢并列词
1．表示并列、顺承或递进关系：and,
not
only
...but
(also)
...,
both
...and
...等。
There
the
air
is
clean
and
the
mountains
are
green.
那里空气清新，千山一碧。
2．表示转折关系：but,
yet,
however等。
The
failure
was
a
big
blow
to
him,
but
he
wasn’t
discouraged
and
soon
got
as
enthusiastic
as
ever.
这次失败对他是个很大的打击，但他并没有沮丧，很快便像以前一样充满热情。
3．表示选择关系：or,
either
...or
...,
not
...but
...等。
Either
you
must
improve
your
work
or
I
shall
dismiss
you.要么你改进工作，要么我就辞退你。
4．表示因果关系：for,
so,
as,
because,
since等。
The
leaves
of
the
trees
are
falling,
for
it’s
already
autumn.树叶在坠落，因为秋天已经到了。
5．表示条件或结果关系：and,
or等。
You
have
to
move
out
of
the
way
or
the
truck
cannot
get
past
you.
你得让出路来，否则卡车无法从你身旁通过。
6．表示对比关系：while等。
I
drink
black
coffee
while
he
prefers
it
with
milk.
我爱喝黑咖啡，而他更喜欢喝加牛奶的。
二、辨清易混点
1．并列句与定语从句
并列句由and,
but等并列连词连接，句中已有连接词，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。
①They
live
in
a
small
house,
in
front
of
________
stands
an
orange
tree.
②They
live
in
a
small
house,
and
in
front
of
________
stands
an
orange
tree.
分析：两句的区别是连词and，句①逗号后为非限制性定语从句，空格处为引导词，表示物，故填which；句②and连接两个并列分句，空格处指代前面分句中的a
small
house，故填it。
③The
old
man
has
three
sons,
none
of
________
is
a
doctor.
④The
old
man
has
three
sons,
but
none
of
________
is
a
doctor.
分析：两句的区别是连词but，句③逗号后为非限制性定语从句，空格处为引导词，表示人，故填whom；句④but连接两个并列分句，空格处指代前面分句的three
sons，故填them。
2．并列句与状语从句
辨清并列句与状语从句：并列句是连词连接两个“互不依存的主谓结构”，两者之间是并列关系；而在状语从句中前后两个句子一个是主句，一个是从句，从句是用来修饰主句的。
①______
you
take
the
medicine,
you
will
be
all
right.
②Take
this
medicine,
________
you
will
be
all
right.
分析：句①空格处引导条件状语从句表示“如果”，故填If；句②中两个并列分句是顺承关系，故填and。
③________
money
is
necessary
for
a
happy
life,
it
can’t
buy
happiness.
④Money
is
necessary
for
a
happy
life,
________
it
can’t
buy
happiness.
分析：句③空格所在句子是让步状语从句，故填Although/Though；句④空格前后是转折关系，故填but。
三、练通常考点
1．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)They
kept
their
collection
at
home
until
it
got
too
big
__37__
until
they
died,
and
then
it
was
given
to
a
museum.
解析：or 句意：他们把自己的收藏品保持在家里，直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世，然后这些收藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知，前后陈述的是两者可能性，应使用连词or
“或者”。
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I
work
not
because
I
have
to,
__67__
because
I
want
to.
解析：but 句意：我工作不是因为我不得不工作，而是因为我想要工作。此处为not
...but
...结构，表示“不是……而是……”。故填but。
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)First
I
cut
the
tomatoes
into
pieces
but
put
them
aside.
解析：but→and
句意：首先我把西红柿切成块，并把它们放在一边。I
cut
the
tomatoes
into
pieces与put
them
aside之间是并列关系，应使用and连接，故将but改为and。
4．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)Actually,
I
started
to
learn
kung
fu
when
I
was
seven
years
old,
for
I
have
long
been
out
of
practice.
解析：for→but/yet 根据语境，此处前句提到“我7岁开始学功夫”，后句提到“很久没有练习了”。此处前后应是转折关系。故将for改为but/yet。
5．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)Suddenly
a
football
fell
just
in
front
of
me
but
almost
hit
me.
解析：but→and 句意：忽然一个足球正好落在我面前，差点打到我。根据句意可知，fell和hit两个动作之间为顺承关系，应把but改为and。
二、主从复合句之定语从句
一、记牢关系词
关系词
先行词
句法功能
who
指人
在从句中作主语、宾语
whom
指人
在从句中作宾语，常可省略
whose
指人或物
在从句中作定语
that
指人或物
在限制性定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略
which
指物或整个主句
在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略
as
指人或物或整个主句
在从句中作主语、宾语，有“正如……”之意
when
表示时间的名词
在从句中作时间状语
where
表示地点的名词
在从句中作地点状语
why
表示原因的名词
在从句中作原因状语
二、辨清易混点
1．that与which的区别
(1)只用which不用that的情况：
①当关系代词前面有介词或介词短语时；
②引导非限制性定语从句时。
(2)只用that不用which的情况：
①当先行词是all,
everything,
nothing,
something,
few,
little,
much等不定代词时；
②当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the
very,
the
only,
any,
the
last等修饰时；
③先行词既有人又有物时。
2．which与as的区别
which
as
位置上
只能放在主句的后面
位置灵活，可位于句首、句中也可置于句末
搭配上
无动词的限制
谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see,
hear,
know,
expect,
remember等
意思上
意为“这一点”
表示“正如……，正像……的那样”
三、练通常考点
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Because
the
moon’s
body
blocks
direct
radio
communication
with
a
probe,
China
first
had
to
put
a
satellite
in
orbit
above
the
moon
in
a
spot
__63__
it
could
send
signals
to
the
spacecraft
and
to
Earth.
解析：where 设空处引导限制性定语从句，且在从句中作地点状语。先行词是spot,
指地点，故填where。
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In
ancient
China
lived
an
artist
__61__
paintings
were
almost
lifelike.
解析：whose 空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词artist，且关系词在从句中作定语，修饰paintings，故应用关系代词whose。
3．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The
80,000
objects
collected
by
Sir
Hans
Sloane,
for
example,
formed
the
core
collection
of
the
British
Museum
__39__
opened
in
1759.
解析：which/that 空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the
British
Museum，关系词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
4．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)Thank
you
for
your
letter,
what
really
made
me
happy.
解析：what→which 分析句子结构可知，第二个分句是对第一个分句的补充说明，故可判断为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代的是前面整个句子，故用which。
5．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ短文改错)Understanding
her
good
intentions,
I
eat
all
the
food
what
is
provided
by
Mom
with
appreciation.
解析：what→that 句中含有一个定语从句，先行词是all
the
food，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，先行词被all所修饰，只能使用that，不能使用which，且what不能引导定语从句，所以what改成that。
6．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Now
Irene
Astbury
works
from
9
am
to
5
pm
daily
at
the
pet
shop
in
Macclesfield,
__62__
she
opened
with
her
late
husband
Les.
解析：which 设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作opened的宾语，先行词是the
pet
shop，指物，故填which。
7．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They
were
well
trained
by
their
masters
__64__
had
great
experience
with
caring
for
these
animals.
解析：who/that 分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语，修饰先行词masters，指人，所以填who/that。
8．(2019·浙江6月高考)On
the
edge
of
the
jacket,
there
is
a
piece
of
cloth
__58__
gives
off
light
in
the
dark.
解析：that/which 分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是定语从句，先行词为a
piece
of
cloth，指物，且定语从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词that/which。
9．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)One
afternoon
where
I
was
in
primary
school,
I
was
walking
by
the
school
playground.
解析：where→when 先行词One
afternoon表示时间，且在定语从句中作时间状语，所以关系词应用when。故将where改为when。
10．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)They
also
had
a
small
pond
which
they
raised
fish.
解析：which→where或which前面加in 本句是一个含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是pond,
关系词在定语从句中作状语，故将which改为where或在其前加in。
三、主从复合句之名词性从句
一、记牢连接词
1．从属连词：
that,
whether,
if等。其均不充当成分。that无意义；whether和if意为“是否”。
Mike’s
parents
made
a
special
promise
to
Tom
that
surprised
Tom.
迈克的父母对汤姆许下了一个特别的诺言，这使得汤姆很惊奇。
2．连接代词：what,
who,
whom,
which,
whatever,
whoever,
whichever等。在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。
What
he
said
encouraged
me
greatly.
他说的话极大地鼓舞了我。
3．连接副词：when,
where,
why,
how,
whenever,
wherever,
however等。在从句中作时间、地点、原因或方式状语。
When
she
will
go
to
Shanghai
hasn’t
been
decided.
她什么时候将去上海还没有决定。
二、辨清易混点
1．what与that
(1)that在名词性从句中无意义、不作成分；(除宾语从句外)不可以省略。
My
decision
is
that
all
of
us
are
to
start
at
6
o’clock
tomorrow
morning.
我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。
(2)what在名词性从句中有意义、作成分；不可以省略。
What
was
the
most
important
to
her,
she
told
me,
was
her
family.
她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。
2．whether与if
二者都可以引导名词性从句。但是在下面情况下，只能用whether。
(1)引导主语、表语、同位语从句时；(2)在介词后时；(3)与or
not直接连用时；(4)与动词不定式连用时。
I
am
interested
in
whether
he
joined
the
army。
我对他是否入伍很感兴趣。
I
do
not
know
whether
to
go
there.
我不知道是否要去那里。
3．what与which
引导名词性从句时，如果有明确的“范围”时，应该用which，而不用what。
What
do
you
want
to
eat
for
lunch?
你中午想吃什么？
Which
do
you
want
to
eat?
The
sandwich
or
the
melon?
三明治和甜瓜，你想吃哪个？
4．“特殊疑问词＋ever”与“no
matter＋特殊疑问词”
no
matter
what/which/who不能引导名词性从句。
Whichever(≠No
matter
which)
of
you
comes
first
will
receive
a
prize.
你们中最先来的将会获奖。
三、练通常考点
1．(2020·浙江7月高考)Over
thousands
of
years,
they
began
to
depend
less
on
__57__
could
be
hunted
or
gathered
from
the
wild,
and
more
on
animals
they
had
raised
and
crops
they
had
sown.
解析：what 分析句子结构可知，
__57__
could
be
hunted
or
gathered
from
the
wild作depend
on
的宾语，且从句中又缺少主语。因此填连接代词what。
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While
they
are
rare
north
of
88°，
there
is
evidence
__61__
they
range
all
the
way
across
the
Arctic,
and
as
far
south
as
James
Bay
in
Canada.
解析：that 主句为there
be句型，且结构完整，空格处引导同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，同位语从句中意思完整且不缺少句子成分，故填that。
3．(2019·北京高考)What
students
do
at
college
seems
to
matter
much
more
than
__8__
they
go.
解析：where 此处表示“学生们在大学里做的似乎要比去哪里上大学更重要”，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
四、主从复合句之状语从句
一、记牢连接词
1．表示时间的连接词：when,
while,
as,
whenever,
before,
after,
since,
as
soon
as,
the
moment,
each
time等。
When
he
opened
the
door,
he
saw
a
girl
sitting
at
the
desk
reading.
当他打开门时，他看见一个女孩正在书桌前坐着看书。
2．表示地点的连接词：where，wherever，anywhere，everywhere等。
Wherever
you
work,
you
must
always
remember
that
you
are
serving
the
people.
不论你在哪里工作，你都必须记住，你是为人民服务的。
3．表示原因的连接词：because,
as,
since等。
As
he
was
in
a
hurry,
he
left
his
bag
at
home.
因为匆忙，他把他的提包丢在了家里。
4．表示结果的连接词：so,
so
that,
so
...that,
such
...that等。
He
was
so
angry
that
he
left
the
room
without
saying
a
word.
他如此愤怒以至于一言不发地离开了房间。
5．表示条件的连接词：if,
unless,
as/so
long
as,
in
case,
on
condition
that,
once等。
Let’s
go
out
for
a
walk
unless
you
are
too
tired.
如果你不太累的话，我们出去走走吧。
6．表示目的的连接词：in
order
that,
so
that,
in
case,
for
fear
(that)等。
We
have
learned
the
native
language
so
that
we
can
speak
to
the
people
there.
我们学会了地方话，以便能和当地人对话。
7．表示让步的连接词：although,
though,
while,
as;
even
though,
even
if;
whatever等。
Although
it’s
raining,
they
are
still
working
in
the
field.
虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
8．表示方式的连接词：as,
as
if,
as
though,
just
as等。
It
looks
as
if
the
weather
may
pick
up
very
soon.
看起来天气很快就会好起来。
9．表示比较的连接词：than;
as
...as;
(not)
so
...as；the＋比较级
...,
the＋比较级
...等。
She
went
to
school
earlier
than
Tom
did.
她上学比汤姆早。
二、辨清易混点
1．when,
while和
as
(1)while强调从句的动作发生期间，主句的动作发生。
(2)when
强调从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生。
(3)as强调主从句动作同时发生或前后紧接着发生，可译作
“随着……”
“一边……”等。
It
was
raining
hard
when/as
we
arrived.
我们到达时正下着大雨。(when/as不可换成while)
While/When
you’re
there,
can
you
get
me
some
stamps?
当你在那儿时，能给我带几张邮票吗？
(while/when不可换成as)
As
time
goes
by,
my
memory
seems
to
get
worse.
随着时间的流逝，我的记忆力似乎越来越差。(as不可换成when/while)
2．so
that和
in
order
that
(1)so
that可以引导目的或结果状语从句。in
order
that仅可以引导目的状语从句。
(2)
in
order
that从句可位于句首，
而so
that从句不可以位于句首。
They
may
be
able
to
help
with
childcare
so
that
you
can
have
a
break.
他们可以帮忙照料孩子，这样你就可以歇一歇了。
3．so/such
...that
...引导从句时，
so
后中心词为形容词或副词；
such后中心词为名词。
This
story
is
so
interesting
that
I
want
to
read
it
again.
这个故事如此有趣以至于我想再读一次。
4．当名词前有many,
much,
little,
few等修饰词时，只能用so
...that
...结构。
There
is
so
little
food
that
we
must
go
out
and
buy
some.
食物如此少，我们必须出去买点。
三、练通常考点
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)After
that
I
poured
oil
into
a
pan
and
turned
on
the
stove.I
waited
patiently
unless
the
oil
was
hot.
解析：unless→until/till 此处是指“直到”油烧热，应使用until/till引导时间状语从句，故将unless改为until/till。
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)Then
I
can
spare
some
time
to
learn
it
again,
such
that
we
can
practice
together
every
day.
解析：such→so
根据句意可知，本句是主从复合句，后面的分句表示目的，是目的状语从句。so
that可以引导结果或目的状语从句，而such
that只能引导结果状语从句，不能用来引导目的状语从句，
故such改为so。
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On
our
way
to
the
house,
it
was
raining
__61__
hard
that
we
couldn’t
help
wondering
how
long
it
would
take
to
get
there.
解析：so 此处是结果状语从句，空处修饰副词hard，应填so。
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)The
games
my
parents
taught
me
where
I
was
a
child
turned
out
to
be
very
useful
later
in
my
life.
解析：where→when 句意：父母在我还是个小孩子的时候教给我的游戏在我之后的生活里被证明非常有用。根据句意可知，此处应用when引导时间状语从句。故where改为when。
[即时强化落实]
(2020·安庆高三期末检测改编)Lijiang
Ancient
Wall
Painting
is
a
special
culture
and
art
__1__
(absorb)
the
culture
of
other
nationalities.These
wall
paintings
__2__
(find)
in
tens
of
temples
of
minority
villages
in
Lijiang
County,
Yunnan
Province.Baisha
Town,
Yunnan,
is
the
place
__3__
the
most
people
of
Naxi
nationality
live
in.The
wall
painting
of
the
Big
Baoji
Palace
in
the
town
of
Baisha
is
considered
to
be
the
center
of
the
Lijiang
Ancient
Wall
Painting
__4__
it
is
well
preserved.
There
are
the
__5__
(language)
of
Han
and
Tibetan
(藏语)
on
the
walls
of
the
palace.There
is
a
large
painting,
__6__
(paint)
with
118
statues.In
the
late
Ming
Dynasty
and
the
Qing
Dynasty,
people
found
that
each
ancient
wall
painting
melts
many
different
kinds
of
figures
from
different
nationalities.The
painters
are
__7__
(most)
from
Naxi
nationality.__8__，
the
making
level
cannot
reach
the
former
wall
paintings.
The
value
of
the
Lijiang
Ancient
Wall
Painting
is
from
the
artists
of
Han,
Tibet,
and
Naxi
nationalities,
__9__
reflected
the
__10__
(society)
life
of
Naxi
nationality.Nowadays
a
lot
of
people
from
all
over
the
world
are
attracted
to
the
Lijiang
Ancient
Wall
Painting
every
year.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了丽江古代壁画的情况，它每年都吸引着来自世界各地游客。
1．absorbing 考查非谓语动词。absorb和它所修饰的词之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填absorbing。
2．are
found 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。这里在叙述一般事实，且句子主语paintings是复数形式，和find之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are
found。
3．which/that 考查定语从句。此处先行词为地点名词place，指物，在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，所以用which或that引导。
4．and 考查连词。根据句子结构可知，空格前后两句是并列关系。故填and。
5．languages 考查名词复数。there
be句型中谓语为are，所以用复数名词作主语。故填languages。
6．painted 考查非谓语动词。paint和它所修饰的词painting之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填painted。
7．mostly 考查副词。句意：画家大多来自纳西族。此处表示“主要地”，修饰后面的介词短语，所以用副词mostly。
8．However 考查连词。根据上文“这些画家多数来自纳西族。”再结合下文“制作水平无法达到以前的壁画水平”可知，上下句是转折关系，故填However。英语中表示转折关系且后面有“逗号”隔开的连词常用however，而but后面一般不加逗号。
9．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，空格处指代前面的整个句子，故填which。
10．social 考查形容词。此处life是名词，空处作定语修饰名词，所以用形容词。故填social。第十一讲：“语法填空＋短文改错”组合练（一）
(每组限时：20分钟)
[第一组]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2020·安庆三模)Have
you
ever
wished
your
vacation
could
meet
all
your
__1__
(expect)?
Well,
this
is
possible
when
you
choose
__2__
(go)
on
a
cruise
(游轮)．Recently,
cruises
have
become
__3__
(popular)
places
than
traditional
forms
of
traveling.__4__
is
not
necessary
to
make
reservations
at
different
hotels,
find
places
to
dine,
or
arrange
different
transports
in
advance.Everything
you
can
imagine
is
available
whenever
you
want
it
on
such
__5__
cruise
trip.
Cruise
ships
are
like
miniature
(小型的)
cities
on
water.They
are
__6__
(full)
loaded
with
restaurants
serving
all
kinds
of
dishes.The
staterooms
(特等客舱)
can
be
compared
to
rooms
__7__
(find)
in
fivestar
hotels.The
big
difference
is
__8__
you
get
to
have
a
moving
ocean
view.What’s
more,
there
are
activities
designed
for
people
of
all
ages
and
interests,
and
__9__
(vary)
sports
facilities
like
gyms
and
rock
climbing
walls
as
well
as
clubs
and
shops
are
also
accessible.Quality
entertainments
like
Broadway
shows
and
live
music
__10__
(provide),
too.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了乘游轮旅行这一旅行方式比传统的旅游方式更受欢迎，并说明了乘游轮旅行的优势。
1．expectations 考查名词。根据your为形容词性物主代词可知，应填名词expectation，且expectation为可数名词，由all修饰应用复数形式，故填expectations。
2．to
go 考查非谓语动词。choose
to
do
sth.“选择做某事”，故填to
go。
3．more
popular 考查形容词比较级。根据than
traditional
forms
of
traveling可知，用形容词比较级，且popular为多音节词，故填more
popular。
4．It 考查代词。此处应用it做形式主语，
真正主语为后面的不定式短语。it
is
not
necessary
to
do
sth.“做某事是不必要的”，故填It。
5．a 考查冠词。trip为可数名词，此处泛指
“一次游轮之旅”应用不定冠词，且cruise为辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
6．fully 考查副词。此处修饰动词loaded应用副词形式，故填fully。
7．found 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，find在句中做非谓语动词，与逻辑主语room构成被动关系，故用过去分词，故填found。
8．that 考查名词性从句。空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故填that。
9．various/varied 考查形容词。此处修饰名词短语sports
facilities应用形容词，表示各种体育设施，故填various/varied。
10．are
provided 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且结合上文可知，时态为一般现在时，主语为entertainments，谓语动词用复数形式，故填are
provided。
Ⅱ.短文改错
The
other
day
I
saw
a
beautiful
dress
at
a
shop
and
fall
in
love
with
it.I
tried
it
on
and
found
it
fit
perfect
so
I
bought
it!
My
favorite
thing
about
the
dress
is
that
it
has
such
many
pockets
that
I
don’t
need
take
a
bag
any
more.I
also
get
lots
of
attentions
from
my
friends
whenever
I
wear
it,
that
makes
me
proud.What’s
funny
is
that
the
style
is
very
similar
with
what
people
wore
back
in
the
1990s.In
the
fact,
I
have
found
some
old
photographs
of
my
mother
wear
a
similar
dress.It’s
really
amazing
that
we’ve
started
to
wear
things
that
was
popular
about
twenty
years
ago.
答案：第一句：fall→fell
第二句：perfect→perfectly
第三句：such→so;
need后加to
第四句：attentions→attention;
that→which
第五句：with→to
第六句：去掉the;
wear→wearing
第七句：was→were
[第二组]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2020·柳州三模)My
hometown
is
Hangzhou,
which
attracts
a
great
many
tourists
every
year.Hangzhou
played
a
very
__1__
(importance)
role
in
Chinese
history,
so
it
has
a
number
of
great
heritage
sites
well
reserved.
Lying
on
the
west
district
of
Hangzhou
city,
the
West
Lake
__2__
(be)
the
symbol
of
Hangzhou
as
well
as
one
of
the
most
beautiful
__3__
(sight)
in
China.The
West
Lake
has
all
along
been
praised
as
a
sparkling
pearl.
If
you
want
to
enjoy
__4__
whole
West
Lake,
there
are
three
kinds
of
sceneries
you
need
to
see.The
sunny
one,
the
rainy
one
and
the
night
view
of
it.There
is
a
saying
that
the
sunny
West
Lake
is
not
equal
__5__
the
rainy
West
Lake,
and
the
rainy
West
Lake
is
less
beautiful
than
the
West
Lake
at
night.
At
last
there
is
a
love
tale,
which
happened
at
West
Lake.It
is
said
__6__
a
white
snake
changed
into
a
beautiful
lady,
who
__7__
(call)
Bai
Suzhen.She
was
willing
to
repay
Xu
Xian
for
__8__
(save)
her
life
500
years
ago.Then
she
married
him,
living
together
__9__
(happy)．But
the
Monk
Fa
Hai
kept
doing
wrongs
to
her.He
finally
made
them
part.Bai
Suzhen
was
shut
in
the
Leifeng
Tower
and
the
couple
had
no
chance
__10__
(meet)
again.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了自己的家乡杭州的西湖和西湖的传说。
1．important 考查形容词。play
a
very
important
role
in表示“在……中起着非常重要的作用”。故填important。
2．is 考查时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，且句子主语是专有名词West
Lake，谓语用单数。故填is。
3．sights 考查名词复数。sight为可数名词，one
of
后跟复数名词表示“……其中之一”。故填sights。
4．the 考查冠词。此处whole
West
Lake表示特指，应用定冠词the。
5．to 考查介词。be
equal
to意思是“与……相等”。
故填to。
6．that 考查连接词。此处为it作形式主语，构成句型it
is
said
that
...表示“据说……”。故填that。
7．was
called 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。此处句子主语是who，指的是lady，与call是被动关系，且描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数名词，谓语也应用单数。故填was
called。
8．saving 考查非谓语动词。for为介词，后跟动词ing形式做宾语。故填saving。
9．happily 考查副词。此处修饰动词living，应用副词happily作状语，表示“快乐地”。
10．to
meet 考查非谓语动词。have
a
chance
to
do
sth.的意思是“有机会做某事”，chance后跟不定式。
故填to
meet。
Ⅱ.短文改错
My
English
has
never
been
very
perfectly.I
have
many
puzzles,
especially
on
English
grammar.I
will
be
a
seniorthree
student
after
the
summer
vacation.Concerned
about
my
English,
dad
turned
his
teacher
before.Dad
studied
very
poorly
as
young
but
failed
to
enter
the
university,
which
he
regrets
all
his
life.But
he
worships
his
English
teacher
whom
retired
last
year.Thus,
he
sent
me
to
his
teacher,
beg
him
to
direct
me
in
my
English
study.He
is
the
real
expert.Soon
I
was
attracted
by
his
rich
knowledges.He
cleared
up
my
doubts
one
by
one.To
my
excite,
he
gave
me
three
books
he
had
wrote
about
English
study.I
am
like
his
grammar
books
very
much.
答案：第一句：perfectly→perfect
第四句：turned后加to
第五句：but→and
第六句：whom→who/that
第七句：beg→begging
第八句：the→a
第九句：knowledges→knowledge
第十一句：excite→excitement;
wrote→written
第十二句：去掉am
[第三组]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2020·张家口三模)The
Han
people
have
its
own
spoken
and
written
language
—
Chinese.Chinese
belongs
to
the
HanTibetan
language
family.It
is
the
__1__
(common)
used
language
in
China
and
among
the
largest
languages
in
the
world.
Written
Chinese
came
out
in
__2__
(it)
earliest
form
approximately
1,000
years
ago.The
Chinese
characters
__3__
(use)
today,
also
called
Hanzi,
are
developed
from
those
used
in
bones
and
tortoise
shells
more
than
34,000
years
ago.There
are
about
5,000
characters,
of
which
only
about
3,000
are
in
common
use.
Mandarin
is
a
category
(种类)
of
Chinese
__4__
(dialect)
spoken
across
most
of
northern
and
__5__
(southwest)
China.The
term
Mandarin
can
also
refer
to
Standard
Mandarin,
which
__6__
(base)
on
the
Mandarin
dialect
spoken
in
Beijing.It
is
officially
considered
to
be
the
standard
for
the
People’s
Republic
of
China.
Why
do
most
nonChinese
speakers
choose
to
learn
Standard
Mandarin?
Mandarin
is
understood
by
most
Chinese
people.As
mentioned
above,
it
is
China’s
national
language.__7__
you
are
interested
in
basic
communication,
scholarly
research,
or
__8__
(pursue)
a
career
in
China,
Standard
Mandarin,
is
__9__
necessary
tool
for
communication.And
it
often
serves
__10__
a
bridge
for
communication.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了中国的汉字和普通话的起源以及特点等等。
1．most
commonly 考查最高级。此处指最常用的语言，副词最高级修饰形容词used，故填most
commonly。
2．its 考查代词。表示它的最早的形式，应用形容词性物主代词its作定语，修饰form，故填its。
3．(being)
used 考查非谓语动词。characters与use之间是动宾关系，使用过去分词做后置定语，表示正在被使用或者使用的汉字，故填(being)
used。
4．dialects 考查名词复数。中国方言的类型不止一种，使用名词复数，故填dialects。
5．southwestern 考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故填southwestern。
6．is
based 考查时态和语态。be
based
on
“以……为基础”，which指代先行词Standard
Mandarin，在定语从句中作主语，故填is
based。
7．Whether 考查连词。whether
...or
“是否……还是”，故填whether。
8．pursuing 考查非谓语动词。放在介词in后面使用动名词，故填pursuing。
9．a 考查冠词。表示泛指，一个必要的交流工具，故填
a。
10．as 考查固定搭配。serve
as
“充当，作为”，故填as。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Last
week,
I
along
with
my
classmates
was
asked
to
attend
a
lecture,
the
theme
of
what
was
environmental
protection.It
was
given
by
an
university
professor.The
professor
first
had
us
to
come
up
with
some
problems
the
earth
was
faced
with.Then
he
offered
some
suggestions
on
what
they
could
do
to
save
our
planet
in
an
effectively
way.Late
after
the
lecture,
I
searched
the
Internet
for
more
informations
on
this
topic.Up
to
now,
I
learnt
that
the
problem
of
air
pollution
is
universal
and
that
we
were
likely
to
run
out
of
some
natural
resources.To
make
things
worse,
climate
change
is
becoming
a
great
threat
for
human
beings.
答案：第一句：what→which
第二句：an→a
第三句：去掉to
第四句：they→we;
effectively→effective
第五句：Late→Later;
informations→information
第六句：learnt
前加have;
were→are
第七句：for→to
[第四组]
Ⅰ.语法填空
The
weather
refers
to
the
condition
of
the
atmosphere
at
a
certain
time
and
place,
like
temperature,
wind,
rain,
sun,
etc.The
weather
__1__
(relate)
to
our
life.It
is
all
around
us
all
the
time,
__2__
(play)
an
important
part
in
our
life.We
can’t
control
the
weather,
but
the
weather
often
controls
how
and
where
we
live,
what
we
do,
what
we
wear
and
what
we
eat.
The
weather
changes
__3__
(constant)．But
do
you
know
what
it
is
__4__
makes
the
weather
change?
In
general,
the
more
sunlight
a
place
gets,
the
__5__
(warm)
it
will
be.Some
places
get
lots
of
sunlight.Some
places
get
little
__6__
no
sunlight
in
winter.And
their
temperatures
differ
from
place
to
place.These
__7__
(different)
in
temperature
make
the
air
and
water
move
around
the
earth,
which
in
turn
causes
the
weather
__8__
(change)．
People
often
confuse
“weather”
with
“climate”．Actually,
they
are
not
__9__
same
thing.Climate
is
the
weather
of
a
place
over
a
long
time.The
weather
changes
from
day
to
day
and
even
from
hour
to
hour.It
can
be
__10__
(sun)
in
the
morning,
cold
and
wet
in
the
afternoon,
but
the
climate
changes
very
slowly
over
years.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了天气的相关知识，其对人们生活的影响以及它与气候的不同。
1．is
related 考查时态。be
related
to意思是“与……有关”，这里说的是一般性情况，用一般现在时。
2．playing 考查非谓语动词。playing
an
important
part
in
our
life是现在分词短语作状语，分词动作与逻辑主语之间是主动关系。
3．constantly 考查副词。修饰谓语动词，需用constant的副词形式。
4．that 考查连接词。what引导的宾语从句中使用了强调句型。
5．warmer 考查比较级。“the＋比较级
...，the＋比较级
...”表示“越……，就越……”。
6．or 考查连词。该句意思是“有些地方在冬天很少或者没有阳光”。
7．differences 考查名词。空格中所填单词在句中作主语，需用different的名词形式；又因为these修饰可数名词复数形式，故填differences。
8．to
change 考查固定搭配。cause
sb./sth.to
do
sth.为固定搭配，表示“引起某人/物做某事”。
9．the 考查冠词。same前常用定冠词the。
10．sunny 考查形容词。空格中所填单词在句中作表语，需用sun的形容词形式。
Ⅱ.短文改错
When
I
was
little,
my
parents
would
read
me
some
fairy
tales
before
I
sleep.I
fell
in
love
for
books
and
I
couldn’t
sleep
if
my
parents
missed
that
part.Thank
to
my
parents,
books
have
been
part
of
my
life.Some
people
educate
their
children
to
reading
more
books.They
expect
their
children
to
make
many
money
when
they
will
grow
up.But
my
parents
just
want
me
to
enjoy
reading.The
more
I
read,
greater
joy
I
get
from
the
books.Reading
books
also
bring
me
some
skills
to
solve
problems
in
life.I
know
the
ways
to
adjust
myself
but
then
face
life
positively,
especial
when
I’m
in
low
spirits.So
I’ll
continue
to
read
books.
答案：第一句：sleep→slept
第二句：for→with
第三句：Thank→Thanks
第四句：reading→read
第五句：many→much;
去掉will
第七句：greater前加the
第八句：bring→brings
第九句：but→and;
especial→especially
[第五组]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2020·娄底高三模拟)What
is
art?
It
is
very
difficult
to
come
__1__
with
a
thorough
answer.Tons
of
people
have
their
own
opinions
and
think
they
know
what
art
__2__
(true)
is.Most
people’s
answers
are
too
general
to
distinguish
what
art
is.Art
is
a
creative
form
of
work,
__3__
(design)
to
have
a
purpose
and
show
emotion.
There
is
a
purpose
to
every
piece
of
artwork.Therefore
__4__
artist
had
to
start
with
a
unique
idea,
or
reason
for
__5__
they’re
creating.Historically,
art
has
many
different
purposes
for
being
made.Artists
have
made
art
for
logical
__6__
(purpose)
like
entertainment,
communication,
and
sometimes
just
to
express
__7__
(they)．The
first
time
I
made
art,
it
was
in
kindergarten.I
remember
a
mini
house
glued
on
paper
for
my
family.Art
has
to
have
a
connection
between
the
artist
and
the
actual
art
project
itself.As
is
the
case
with
the
Statue
of
Liberty,
and
freedom.
Art’s
final
goal
is
__8__
(stir)
up
some
type
of
emotion.Plenty
of
artists
express
their
feelings
in
a
piece
of
art.Then
the
artist’s
feelings
__9__
(absorb)
by
the
audience,
causing
them
to
have
__10__
(emotion)
reactions
to
the
visual.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了什么是艺术，艺术的目的是什么以及艺术的最终目的等情况。
1．up 考查固定短语。come
up
with意思是“想出；提出”。
2．truly 考查副词。修饰后面的is，指艺术真正是什么，作状语。
3．designed 考查非谓语动词。design与art之间构成被动关系，因此使用过去分词。
4．an 考查冠词。此处表示泛指，且artist以元音音素开头，故填an。
5．what 考查宾语从句。设空处引导的从句作for的宾语，且在从句中作create的宾语。
6．purposes 考查名词复数。like后面列举的内容表明目的很多，故使用复数形式。
7．themselves 考查代词。根据意思，表达他们自己，使用express
themselves。
8．to
stir 考查非谓语动词。根据句子的意思，
艺术的最终目的是激起一些感情。再根据句子的结构来判断，此处要用动词不定式作表语。
9．are
absorbed 考查时态和语态。由上文可知，此处叙述一般事实，应用一般现在时。设空处与主语为被动关系，因此使用被动语态。
10．emotional 考查形容词。修饰后面的名词，使用形容词作定语。
Ⅱ.短文改错
It’s
been
two
years
when
I
joined
the
campus
radio
station.During
this
time,
I
had
done
several
interviews.Every
time
I
finish
to
writing
an
article,
I
am
proud
of
myself
for
being
able
to
introduce
my
schoolmates
the
things
I’ve
seen.It
was
difficult
at
times,
but
when
I
saw
my
stories
publish
in
our
school
newspaper,
you
knew
that
it
was
something
worth
doing.My
parents,
teachers
and
schoolmates
congratulated
me
on
that
I
did.I
felt
happily
when
I
shared
a
new
story
with
them.The
greatest
thing
about
being
the
reporter
is
being
able
to
share
your
thought
with
others.
答案：第一句：when→since
第二句：had→have
第三句：去掉finish后的to;
schoolmates后加to
第四句：publish→published;
you→I
第五句：that→what
第六句：happily→happy
第七句：第二个the→a;
thought→thoughts
[第六组]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2020·永州高三模拟)Nowadays,
nine
in
ten
children
are
now
at
school.However,
the
figure
is
not
as
__1__
(impress)
as
it
sounds.Even
if
most
of
the
world’s
children
go
to
school,
__2__
awful
lot
of
them
learn
pretty
much
nothing
there.
According
__3__
the
recent
World
Bank
study
of
seven
African
countries,
half
of
nineyearold
cannot
read
a
simple
word
and
threequarters
cannot
read
a
simple
sentence.The
reason
is
terrible
__4__
(teach)．Several
recent
studies
suggest
educational
technology
can
help.It
seems
__5__
(bring)
about
bigger
improvement
in
poor
countries
than
in
rich
ones.Some
of
the
rare
__6__
(resource)
being
spent
on
teachers
could
therefore
be
better
spent
on
educational
technology.That
doesn’t
mean
dumping
computers
on
schools,
hoping
that
children
__7__
(understand)
how
to
use
them.Instead,
it
means
providing
schools
with
software
that
children
can
use
with
minimal
help
from
an
adult,
that
gets
things
right
__8__
(much)
often
than
the
teachers
do,
that
adjusts
itself
to
the
child’s
ability
that
sends
teachers
clues
about
__9__
they
are
supposed
to
be
teaching
and
that
allows
the
authorities
to
check
on
whether
the
teacher
is
in
the
classroom.
Of
course,
good
__10__
(tradition)
teachers
are
not
replaced,
and
are
never
likely
to
be.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了在教育落后地区使用educational
technology的优点。
1．impressive 考查形容词。as
...as短语充当is的表语，故应用形容词。
2．an 考查冠词。
a
lot
of是固定短语，再根据
awful的读音以元音音素开头，可确定填an。
3．to 考查介词。
according
to
...是固定短语，意为“根据……”。
4．teaching 考查名词。空处位于形容词terrible后，应用名词。
5．to
bring 考查非谓语动词。
seem
to
do
“好像做”。
6．resources 考查名词复数。根据语境应用名词复数。
7．will
understand 考查动词时态。与hope呼应，表示要发生的动作，需用一般将来时。
8．more 考查副词比较级。根据设空后than可知，此处应用比较级形式。
9．what 考查名词性从句。空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作
teach的宾语，故用what。
10．traditional 考查形容词。修饰名词用形容词。
Ⅱ.短文改错
When
I
was
in
Senior
2,
John
was
my
close
friends.There
was
a
lack
of
excitement
in
our
spare
time.We
did
everything
which
we
could
possibly
think
of
to
fill
in
our
spare
time.We
played
video
games
and
watch
movies.After
all
of
this,
we
were
still
boring.We
realized
we
ought
to
fix
their
boredom.John
suggested
make
funny
videos
and
we
started
to
do
seriously.We
even
put
up
with
posters
for
videos
we
made.Lucky,
we
had
a
lot
of
devoted
fans
at
that
time.
Because
I’m
a
successful
director
now,
I
am
always
missing
those
interesting
days
at
school.
答案：第一句：friends→friend
第三句：which→that或去掉which
第四句：watch→watched
第五句：boring→bored
第六句：their→our
第七句：make→making;
do后加it
第八句：去掉with
第九句：Lucky→Luckily
第十句：Because→Although/Though/While
[第七组]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2020·青岛三模)At
8,844.43
meters
high,
Mount
Qomolangma
is
the
__1__
(tall)
mountain
on
Earth.While
__2__
is
famous
for
its
challenging
hike,
parts
of
the
mountain
are
facing
a
problem:
garbage.Every
year,
thousands
of
__3__
(visit)
throw
away
tons
of
trash,
including
soda
cans
and
plastic
bags.
According
to
the
UN,
over
140
tons
of
trash
have
been
left
on
the
mountain.To
reduce
trash,
China
is
limiting
the
number
of
people
__4__
can
climb
the
mountain’s
north
side.Only
300
people
will
__5__
(allow)
to
climb
it
each
year,
and
only
during
spring.
Local
residents
cleaned
the
mountain
last
year,
__6__
(remove)
trash
at
a
height
of
5,200
meters.They
__7__
(collect)
about
8.4
metric
tons
of
trash,
according
to
figures
from
the
Tibet
autonomous
region’s
government.
This
year,
the
local
government
plans
to
spend
4
million
yuan
__8__
a
new
cleanup
campaign,
setting
up
stations
to
sort,
recycle
and
break
down
garbage
collected
from
the
mountain.
In
addition
to
trash,
workers
will
also
collect
the
bodies
of
__9__
(die)
climbers.As
of
the
2019
climbing
season,
more
than
300
people
have
died
on
Qomolangma,
with
12
deaths
this
year.
A
group
of
artists
will
try
to
turn
some
trash
into
artwork.They
will
show
these
works
__10__
(local),
to
remind
people
not
to
leave
trash
when
climbing
the
mountain.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了珠穆朗玛峰部分山区正面临着垃圾问题，每年成千上万的游客扔掉大量的垃圾。为了减少垃圾，中国限制爬山的人数和时间，政府斥资修建垃圾分类站，一群艺术家也将试图把垃圾变成艺术品，以提醒人们不要在爬山时留下垃圾。
1．tallest 考查形容词最高级。根据常识和空前the可知，珠穆朗玛峰是地球上最高的山。因此空格处要用最高级。故填tallest。
2．it 考查代词。根据上下文的语境可知，此处是指前面提到的珠穆朗玛峰，因为前面已提到的，且是单数，故填it。
3．visitors 考查名词。根据空格前的“thousands
of”可知，要用名词的复数，表示成千上万的游客，故填visitors。
4．who/that 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，people
是先行词，在定语从句中作主语。故填who/that。
5．be
allowed 考查语态。分析句子可知，空格处是谓语动词。其主语是300
people，与动词allow之间是被动关系，故要用被动语态，故填be
allowed。
6．removing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，前面的“Local
residents
cleaned
the
mountain
last
year
(当地居民去年清理了这座山)”的结果就是清除(removing)了5
200米高的垃圾。前面的一句话导致后面的结果，空格处要用现在分词形式作结果状语，故填removing。
7．collected 考查时态。根据上文中的时间状语“last
year
(去年)”可知，动作发生在过去，所以谓语动词要用一般过去时，故填collected。
8．on 考查固定搭配。“spend
time/money
on
sth.”为固定搭配，意为“把时间/金钱花在某事上”。故本空填on。
9．dead 考查形容词。分析句子可知，空格处在句中修饰名词“climbers”，修饰名词一般用形容词，故填形容词dead。
10．locally 考查副词。分析句子可知，空格处在句中作状语，修饰动词show，修饰动词要用副词，故填locally。
Ⅱ.短文改错
As
an
adolescent
boy,
I
am
told
not
to
pay
many
attention
to
my
physically
appearance
by
my
parents.She
always
think
that
characterbuilding
matter
more.However,
many
of
my
friends
have
got
in
shape
and
built
themselves
up
by
go
to
the
gym
regularly.Influenced
by
them,
I
come
to
found
myself
increasingly
concerned
about
my
body
image,
which
makes
me
confused.On
the
one
hand,
I
agree
with
my
parents
what
I
should
develop
my
inner
strength
and
just
to
keep
healthy.On
the
other
hands,
I’m
afraid
to
be
teased
by
my
friends
because
my
body
shape.
答案：第一句：many→much;
physically→physical
第二句：She→They;
matter→matters
第三句：go→going
第四句：found→find
第五句：what→that;
去掉to
第六句：hands→hand;
because后加of
[第八组]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2020·枣庄二调)Holi
is
the
ancient
Hindu
festival
of
colours
and
love.It
__1__
(celebrate)
in
India
and
Nepal
and
many
parts
of
South
Asia.There
are
also
lots
of
Holi
celebrations
in
the
UK,
organized
__2__
the
large
BritishHindu
community.
Holi
marks
the
beginning
of
spring.The
dates
change
each
year
according
to
the
full
moon,
but
it
is
__3__
(normal)
in
March
and
sometimes
in
late
February.Its
celebrations
happened
as
early
as
the
__4__
(five)
century.It
is
a
celebration
of
good
winning
over
evil,
and
a
time
to
give
thanks
for
the
good
harvest.
In
recent
years,
holithemed
events
have
become
popular
with
a
new
generation
in
Europe
and
North
America.Every
year,
large
__5__
(crowd)
of
people
go
to
Holi
events
in
London
and
all
over
the
country.There
are
paintthrowing
parties
at
music
festivals
and
races
like
the
fivekilometre
“Colour
Run”，
__6__
is
celebrated
in
more
than
35
different
countries.It
does
not
matter
__7__
you
are
rich,
poor,
old
or
young,
everyone
can
throw
coloured
paint
powder
at
each
other.They
arrive
dressed
in
white
Tshirts
and
return
__8__
(cover)
from
head
to
toe
in
bright
colours.In
the
UK,
restaurants
and
cultural
organisations
also
offer
their
own
Holi
celebrations,
with
special
menus,
Indian
music
and
dance.
There
is
a
spirit
of
togetherness
and
__9__
(equal)
in
Holi.It
is
a
time
__10__
(forgive)
people
and
repair
broken
relationships,
as
well
as
meet
with
other
people,
play
and
have
fun.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了印度胡里节的庆祝时间、精神以及庆祝活动等。
1．is
celebrated 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。陈述的是客观事实，且主语It
为单数，与celebrate之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is
celebrated。
2．by 考查介词。根据“organized”及语境可知，此处用了被动语态，community是organize这一动作的主体，故填by。
3．normally 考查副词。修饰介词短语“in
March”用副词，故填normally。
4．fifth 考查序数词。句意：它的庆祝活动早在五世纪就开始了。根据句意可知，此处表示“第五”，故填fifth。
5．crowds 考查固定短语。crowds
of是固定短语，表示“成群的”，故填crowds。
6．which 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词the
fivekilometre
“Colour
Run”，并在从句中作主语，故填which。
7．whether 考查名词性从句。句意：不管你是富人、穷人、老人还是年轻人，每个人都可以互相泼颜料粉。分析句子结构可知，本句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句，根据句意可知此处表示“是否”，故填whether。
8．covered 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处使用非谓语动词，They与cover之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作状语，故填covered。
9．equality 考查名词。此处与togetherness并列作介词of的宾语，表示“平等”，故填equality。
10．to
forgive 考查非谓语动词。time后用不定式作后置定语，表示“……的时刻”，故填to
forgive。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Last
week,
all
of
us
were
told
prepare
for
an
exhibition
of
our
understanding
of
traditional
Chinese
culture.After
knowing
that,
we
had
a
heat
discussion
at
the
class
meeting.Very
soon,
ideas
like
Peking
Opera,
Han
Clothing,
and
Chinese
Kung
fu
come
to
our
minds.With
the
ideas
gathering,
we
started
to
take
the
action.Some
searched
on
the
Internet
for
more
details,
when
others
set
about
draw
pictures
on
the
blackboard.Thanks
to
my
hard
work,
our
design
finally
won
the
head
teacher’s
approval.We
were
not
only
proud
about
our
teamwork
but
also
deep
impressed
by
the
great
traditional
Chinese
culture.
答案：第一句：prepare前加to
第二句：heat→heated
第三句：come→came
第四句：gathering→gathered;
去掉第二个the
第五句：when→while;
draw→drawing
第六句：my→our
第七句：about→of;
deep→deeply第二讲：真题分块练习——名词
语法填空常考点
1．名词的复数
①(2020·浙江7月高考)Later,
they
learned
to
work
with
the
seasons
(season),
planting
at
the
right
time
and,
in
dry
areas,
making
use
of
annual
floods
to
irrigate
(灌溉)
their
fields.
②(2020·浙江1月高考)For
Japan,
the
numbers
(number)
are
more
striking
—
22
in
1950,
46
today
and
53
in
2050.
③(2019·北京高考)No
matter
what
you
like
to
do,
there
is
a
way
to
get
involved
in
various
activities
(activity)
on
Earth
Day.
④(2018·浙江11月高考)One
study
showed
that
women
(woman)
who
drank
a
lot
of
coffee,
like
eight
or
more
cups
per
day,
while
they
were
pregnant
were
more
likely
to
have
children
with
birth
defects.
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014
which
showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
a
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
causes
(cause)．
⑥(2018·浙江6月高考)Making
Chinese
dishes
(dish)
is
seen
as
especially
troublesome.
⑦(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This
trend,
which
was
started
by
the
medical
community
(医学界)
as
a
method
of
fighting
heart
disease,
has
had
some
unintended
side
effects
(effect)
such
as
overweight
and
heart
disease
—
the
very
thing
the
medical
community
was
trying
to
fight.
⑧(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In
1863
the
first
underground
passenger
railway
in
the
world
opened
in
London.It
ran
for
just
under
seven
kilometers
and
allowed
people
to
avoid
terrible
crowds
(crowd)
on
the
roads
above
as
they
travelled
to
and
from
work.
⑨(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She
has
turned
down
several
invitations
(invitation)
to
star
at
shows
in
order
to
concentrate
on
her
studies.
⑩(2017·浙江11月高考)You
wouldn’t
think
that
a
few
months
(month)
of
exercise
in
your
teens
would
be
enough
for
the
rest
of
your
life
...
?(2017·浙江6月高考)Last
October,
while
tending
her
garden
in
Mora,
Sweden,
Lena
Pahlsson
pulled
out
a
handful
of
small
carrots
(carrot)
and
was
about
to
throw
them
away.
2．名词构词法
?(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
of
particular
interest
(interesting)
to
scientists
because
it
has
a
lot
of
deep
craters
(环形山),
more
so
than
the
familiar
near
side.
?(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Chinese
New
Year
is
a
celebration
(celebrate)
marking
the
end
of
the
winter
season
and
the
beginning
of
spring.
?(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Filled
with
curiosity
(curious),
the
artist
packed
his
bags
and
left.
?(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Historical
accuracy
(accurate)
is
important
but
so
is
entertainment.
?(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In
recent
years
some
Inuit
people
in
Nunavut
have
reported
increases
in
bear
sightings
around
human
settlements,
leading
to
a
belief
(believe)
that
populations
are
increasing.
?(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When
they
were
free
from
work,
they
invited
us
to
local
events
and
let
us
know
of
an
interesting
competition
(compete)
to
watch,
together
with
the
story
behind
it.
?(2019·浙江6月高考)Other
American
studies
showed
no
connection/connections
(connect)
between
uniforms
and
school
performance.
?(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This
switch
has
decreased
pollution
(pollute)
in
the
country’s
major
lakes
and
reservoirs
and
made
drinking
water
safer
for
people.
?(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)My
name
is
Mireya
Mayor.I’m
a
scientist
(science)
who
studies
animals
such
as
apes
and
monkeys.
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This
development
was
only
possible
with
the
introduction
(introduce)
of
electricpowered
engines
and
lifts.
短文改错常考点
1．名词的单复数
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Next
I
broke
the
eggs
into
a
bowl
and
beat
them
quickly
with
chopstick.chopstick→chopsticks
②(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Luckily,
I
will
go
home
in
two
weeks
for
summer
vacations.vacations→vacation
③(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)My
mom
is
really
concerned
with
the
health
of
everyone
in
our
families.families→family
④(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)All
the
football
player
on
the
playground
cheered
loudly,
saying
that
I
had
a
talent
for
football.player→players
⑤(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Since
I
was
a
kid,
I’ve
considered
different
job
I
would
like
to
do.job→jobs
⑥(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)I
wish
to
have
a
chain
of
cafes
in
many
different
city.city→cities
⑦(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Last
winter
when
I
went
there
again,
they
had
a
big
separate
house
to
raise
dozens
of
chicken.chicken→chickens
⑧(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)After
supper,
we
would
play
card
games
of
all
sort
in
the
sitting
room.sort→sorts
⑨(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)At
that
moment,
I
remembered
that
my
father
once
said,
“The
classroom
is
a
place
for
learning
and
that
includes
learning
from
textbooks,
and
mistake
as
well.”
mistake→mistakes
⑩(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The
instructor
kept
repeating
the
word,
“Speed
up！”“Slow
down！”
“Turn
left！”word→words
2．不可数名词
?(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Besides,
they
often
get
some
useful
informations
from
the
Internet.informations→information
3．词性误用
?(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)To
everyone’s
surprising,
the
ball
went
into
the
net.surprising→surprise
4．名词作定语
?(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)When
I
was
little,
Friday’s
night
was
our
family
game
night.Friday’s→Friday
(一)名词的复数变化规则
一般名词
加
s。如：job→jobs,
crowd→crowds
以s，x，sh，ch等结尾的名词
加es。如：box→boxes,
bush→bushes
以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词
先变y为i再加es。如：variety→varieties,
city→cities
以o结尾的名词
(1)表示有生命的人或物的名词后加es，
如：hero→heroes,
tomato→tomatoes
(2)表示无生命的物的名词后加s，
如：piano→pianos,
photo→photos
以f或fe结尾的名词
(1)变f或fe为v再加es的名词有：
self,
life,
thief,
wife,
knife,
leaf,
shelf,
wolf,
half
(2)直接加s的有：roof,
belief,
chief,
proof,
cliff
变内部元音字母的名词
(1)“oo”变“ee”的词有：tooth,
foot,
goose等
(2)“a”变“e”的词有：man,
woman
(例外German→Germans)
特殊的几个名词
medium→media,
bacterium→bacteria,
phenomenon→phenomena,
mouse→mice,
analysis→analyses
复合名词的复数
(1)有主体名词的，在名词后加s,
如：passersby,
lookerson,
editorsinchief等
(2)无主体名词的，在词尾加s，如：grownups,
standbys等
(二)名词的构词法
后缀
例词
-er
clean→cleaner 清洁工；
report→reporter 记者；
strange→stranger 陌生人
-or
invent→inventor 发明者；
visit→visitor 游客；
direct→director 导演
-ar
lie→liar 说谎者；
beg→beggar 乞讨者；乞丐
-ee
employ→employee 雇员；
interview→interviewee
参加面试者；
train→trainee
接受培训者；实习生
-ess
host→hostess 女主人；
act→actress 女演员
-ian
music→musician 音乐家；
politics→politician
政治家；
history→historian 历史学家
-ist
art→artist 艺术家；
science→scientist 科学家；
piano→pianist 钢琴家
-ant
serve→servant 仆人；
participate→participant
参加者；
assist→assistant 助手；助理；助教
(三)不可数名词
1．常考的不可数名词有：news,
information,
advice,
progress,
equipment,
fun,
furniture等。
2．常考的抽象名词具体化：success,
failure，comfort,
danger,
surprise,
shock,
pleasure等。这些词前可以加不定冠词，表示某个具体的人或物。
(四)名词作定语
名词作定语可以用来修饰另一个名词，表示材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。如：
cotton
goods
棉织品
bus
driver
公交车司机
Beijing
University
北京大学
evening
suit
晚礼服
weather
forecast
天气预报
delivery
service
送货服务
(一)单句语法填空
1．(2020·济南三模)However,
longlasting
health
effects
(effect)
are
not
expected.
2．(2020·济南三模)The
Chinese
have
high
requirements
(require)
for
the
quality
of
the
tea
leaf,
the
water,
the
wares
(器皿)
they
use
to
prepare
and
serve
tea.
3．This
was
highly
unusual
given
that
the
birds
normally
preferred
to
observe
humans
from
a
distance
(distant)．
4．(2020·荆州三模)At
the
end
of
2018
BDS
started
to
provide
global
services.It’s
expected
to
greatly
improve
the
system’s
ability
(able)
to
serve
users
worldwide.
5．Anyhow,
growing
worldwide
acceptance
(accept)
has
proved
the
strength
of
acupuncture
(针灸),
and
I
hope
this
wisdom
of
the
Chinese
tradition
will
bring
health
and
happiness
to
more
friends
here
and
afar
in
the
future.
(二)单句改错
1．Sometimes
I
can’t
see
her
at
home
for
several
day.day→days
2．Second,
we’d
better
set
aside
some
times
for
fun
such
as
listening
to
music.times→time
3．Having
been
told
that
fishing
was
full
of
funs,
I
followed
him
without
hesitation.funs→fun
4．Some
suggested
raising
people’s
aware
of
preserving
our
culture
and
making
people
fall
in
love
with
it.aware→awareness
5．Now
let
me
give
you
a
brief
introduce
to
it.introduce→introduction第十讲：“短文改错”解题流程
一、考题怎么解——活学活用思维流程
(一)遵循“三遍”解题流程
1．第一遍：改出容易题(5～6个)
一般来说，名词、代词、冠词、介词、形容词和副词、部分连词等的错误较为明显，学生在做第一遍时就很容易改出。可以简略掌握这些要领：
(1)常见的10个(组)不可数名词：fun,
furniture,
news,
advice,
weather,
progress,
information,
knowledge,
homework/housework,
baggage/luggage。
(2)代词：人称变化、三格(主格、宾格、所有格)变化、单复数、性别变化等。
(3)冠词：一般用法，a/an和the的错用(多为增加或删除)和固定搭配中有无冠词。
(4)介词：常见一般用法，如指时间或地点的in,
on,
at；指方式的by,
with等(多为增加或删除)。固定搭配中介词错用和漏用。
(5)形容词和副词：二者的混淆(多为相互转换)；具有承上启下意义的副词，如
however,
besides,
therefore等；
个别特殊词形，如hard
和
hardly，straight(形副同形)等。
(6)连词：并列连词，如and,
but,
or(多为相互转换)；从属连词because和so,
though/although和but同时使用等。
2．第二遍：改出中档题(2～3个)
一般来讲，谓语动词、非谓语动词、从属连词等用法方面的错误属于中档难度的题，可以在第二遍认真推敲后改出。
(1)谓语动词：时态、语态、主谓一致是重点，一般是错用。
(2)非谓语动词：v.ing形式、v.ed形式和不定式的误用。
(3)从属连词：名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句连接词(引导词)的误用。
3．第三遍：改出较难题(1～2个)
一般来说，行文逻辑错误或其他遗漏错误属于较难题目，但学生可以在前两遍改错后的基础上再次通读文章后改出。
逻辑错误：come
和
go，here
和
there,
receive
和accept,
borrow和lend等具有对应关系的词，从单句看是对的，但从逻辑上看就是错误用法等。
(二)坚持解题“六原则”
“整体”原则
做短文改错时，要以语篇为整体，借助语篇意识改出与逻辑性有关的错误。
“数目”原则
短文改错中共有十处错误，不能多改或少改。数目上可参考“118”原则，即“一添、一删、八变”原则。
“最少”原则
短文改错题的每个句子中一般不超过2处错误。每处改动只能改动一个单词，切忌改错后添新错。
“不变”原则
做短文改错题时，应遵循不更改文章本意的原则，做到“换词不改意，加词不增意，去词不减意”。
“实多”原则
短文改错题中设错较多的是实词(动词、形容词、副词、名词、代词等),
实词类错误较多，有7或8处。
“虚少”原则
短文改错题中需要添加或删除的词常是虚词(介词、冠词、部分连词如that,
whether或if等),
虚词类错误较少，有1或2处。
这六个原则可巧记为“整体、数目与最少，不变、实多和虚少”。
[解题示范]
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Today
I
tried
cooking
a
simply
dish
myself.I
like
eating
frying
tomatoes
with
eggs,
and
I
thought
it
must
to
be
easy
to
cook.My
mom
told
me
how
to
preparing
it.First
I
cut
the
tomatoes
into
pieces
but
put
them
aside.Next
I
broke
the
eggs
into
a
bowl
and
beat
them
quickly
with
chopstick.After
that
I
poured
oil
into
a
pan
and
turned
off
the
stove.I
waited
patiently
unless
the
oil
was
hot.Then
I
put
the
tomatoes
and
the
beaten
eggs
into
pan
together.“Not
that
way，”
my
mom
tried
to
stop
us
but
failed.She
was
right.It
didn’t
turn
out
as
I
had
wished.
1．第一遍：改出容易题(5～6个)
[文章大意] 本文是说明文。文章介绍了“我”做西红柿炒鸡蛋这道菜的经过。
第一句：
simply→simple 修饰名词要用形容词。
第二句：去掉must后的to must是情态动词，后须跟动词原形。
第四句：but→and “我”把西红柿切成片并把它放在一边。cut与put是顺承关系。
第五句：chopstick→chopsticks 中国人用筷子时，一般用一双，故chopstick要改成复数形式。
第六句：off→on turn
on
“打开”；turn
off
“关闭”。把油倒进锅里后，应该是打开炉子。
第八句：pan前加the 此处指把打好的鸡蛋液倒进锅里面。因上文提到了pan，此处是指上文提到的那个pan，所以其前应加定冠词the。
2．第二遍：改出中档题(2～3个)
第二句：
frying→fried tomatoes
with
eggs与fry之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。
第三句：preparing→prepare how
to
do
sth.“如何做某事”。
第七句：unless→until/till unless意为“除非”；until或till
意为“直到……为止”。句意：我耐心等待，直到油烧热。此处是指“直到”油烧热，应使用until/till引导时间状语从句，故将unless改为until/till。
3．第三遍：改出较难题(1～2个)
第九句：us→me 根据上文可知，“我”在练习做西红柿炒鸡蛋，所以说妈妈想阻止“我”，而不是“我们”。
二、平时怎么练——学会总结命题规律
Growing
up
in
Jamaica,
Luis
didn’t
know
about
basketball
until
he
arrived
in
the
US
at
the
age
of
twelfth.At
his
new
school
in
the
new
country,
he
showed
no
interest
in
play
basketball
at
all.One
day,
he
met
the
boy
named
Tom
at
his
school,
but
soon
they
became
good
friends.Tom
was
fond
of
playing
basketball
and
ask
Luis
to
do
that
with
him.At
first
Luis
wasn’t
interesting.But
he
finally
decided
to
give
it
a
try
after
he
watched
Tom
to
play
it
several
time.As
soon
as
he
started
playing
some
times,
he
found
it
was
actually
fun.Now
he
plays
the
sport
regular.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了出生在牙买加的路易斯在学校里遇见小男孩汤姆，并在其带领下爱上篮球的故事。
1．第一句：
twelfth→twelve 考查固定搭配。“在……年龄/岁数”应为at
the
age
of＋基数词，故将twelfth改为twelve。
2．第二句：
play→playing 考查非谓语动词。介词in后接名词或动名词，故将play改为playing。
3．第三句：
the→a 考查冠词。此处小男孩在文中第一次出现，应为泛指而非特指，故将the改为a。
4．第三句：
but→and 考查连词。“他在学校里遇到了一个叫汤姆的小男孩”和“很快他们成为了好朋友”两者构成顺承关系，故将but改为and。
5．第四句：ask→asked 考查时态。此处讲述的是过去发生的故事，应使用一般过去时，且and前后连接的两个谓语需保持时态一致，前半句的was具有提示作用，故将ask改为asked。
6．第五句：
interesting→interested 考查形容词。表达人的主观感受应使用形容词化的过去分词。故将interesting改为interested。
7．第六句：去掉Tom之后的to 考查固定搭配。此处考查watch
sb.do
sth.“观看某人做某事(表示全过程)”。
8．第六句：time→times 考查名词复数。表示次数时，time为可数名词，因为前面有several修饰，故将time改为times。
9．第七句：playing后加it 考查代词。play为及物动词，后需接宾语，此处应使用it代指basketball(篮球)，故在play后加it。
10．第八句：regular→regularly 考查副词。修饰谓语动词(plays)应使用副词，故将regular改为regularly。
[推荐使用考点统计表] (请填出本篇短文改错的具体内容)
考点
数量
考查内容
冠词
1
不定冠词a表示“泛指”
介词
0
无考查
连词
1
并列连词and错用为but
代词
1
动名词后漏掉宾语it
名词
1
可数名词的复数错用为单数
形容词
1
形容词化的过去分词错用为现在分词
副词
1
修饰动词的副词错用为形容词
时态
1
一般过去时错用为一般现在时
语态
0
无考查
非谓语
1
介词后的动名词错用为动词
主谓一致
0
无考查
固定搭配
1
感官动词后作宾补的动词省略to
数词
1
基数词错用为序数词第十二讲：“语法填空＋短文改错”组合练（二）
(每组限时：20分钟)
[第一组]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2020·运城高三模拟)Northern
Kenya
is
a
vast,
varied
and
breathtakingly
beautiful
landscape
__1__
you
can
find
the
“Towers
of
the
Savanna”
—
reticulated
(网纹的)
giraffes.They
are
one
of
Africans
most
impressive
and
popular
animals,
and
yet
the
__2__
(adore)
creatures
are
still
little
studied
and
not
well
understood.However,
before
we
could
begin
to
research
into
these
giraffes,
they
are
facing
__3__
(disappear)．
Across
Africa,
all
giraffe
populations
__4__
(decline)
by
over
70
percent
in
the
past
20
years.Main
reasons
are
illegal
hunting,
land
degradation
(恶化)
and
lack
__5__
living
places.The
decrease
led
the
IUCN
Red
List,
an
authoritative
indicator
of
the
health
of
the
worlds
biodiversity,
to
__6__
(official)
list
giraffes
as
one
of
the
endangered
species
in
December
2016.__7__
is
now
clear
that
they
need
conservation
efforts.
To
better
understand
the
wildlife
found
here,
Wildwatch
Kenya
seeks
__8__
(identify)
and
track
the
giraffes
in
conservation
field
sites.It’s
also
high
time
that
citizen
scientists
__9__
(invite)
to
help
researchers
look
through
the
tens
of
thousands
of
photos
taken
by
cameras
__10__
(place)
in
strategic
spots
throughout
the
sites.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。肯尼亚北部是非洲最受喜爱的动物之一——网纹长颈鹿的家园，但这一动物目前已濒临灭绝。一个名叫“Wildwatch
Kenya”的机构正致力于这些动物的保护工作。
1．where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句修饰空前的landscape，且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
2．adorable 考查形容词。由空前的the和空后的creatures可判断，空处应用形容词形式，结合句意可知，此处表示讨人喜欢的，故应用adorable。
3．disappearance 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处作facing的宾语，故此处应用名词disappearance
“绝迹”。disappearance是不可数名词。
4．have
declined 考查时态和主谓一致。由下文时间状语in
the
past
20
years可知，谓语动词用现在完成时，且主语all
giraffe
populations为复数，故填have
declined。
5．of 考查介词。此处表示栖息地不足。lack
of
...“缺乏……”，为固定用法。
6．officially 考查副词。修饰动词list应用副词，此处表示正式把长颈鹿列为濒危动物。
7．It 考查代词。It在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。
8．to
identify 考查非谓语动词。seek后跟不定式作宾语，seek
to
do
sth.表示“试图/设法做某事”。
9．were
invited/should
be
invited 考查虚拟语气和语态。此处是“It’s
(high)
time
that
...”句型，意为“是时候……了”，that从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语用一般过去时或者should＋do，且should不可以省略。又因为从句主语scientists与invite之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。
10．placed 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词作定语修饰前面的cameras,
place与cameras之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填placed。
Ⅱ.短文改错
With
our
activity
approach,
I’m
now
writing
to
invite
you
to
join
us.Here
are
some
detail
about
it.
The
activity
will
be
organized
to
a
farm
from
9：00
am
to
2：00
pm
the
next
Sunday.What
we
had
to
do
is
gather
together
at
the
school
gate
at
8：30
am.We
are
expected
to
pay
a
visit
to
the
farm
first.After
that
we
will
enjoy
picking
vegetables
by
ourself.We
also
have
the
opportunity
to
look
after
animals
for
a
while,
without
that
I
will
be
disappointing
because
of
my
passion
for
animals.Knowing
that
you’re
really
into
nature,
I
believe
you
will
definite
have
an
good
time.
答案：第一句：approach→approaching
第二句：detail→details
第三句：第二个to→on;
去掉next前的the
第四句：had→have
第六句：ourself→ourselves
第七句：that→which;
disappointing→disappointed
第八句：definite→definitely;
an→a
[第二组]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2020·玉溪二模)In
1949
when
the
People’s
Republic
of
China
was
founded,
__1__
number
of
people
living
in
urban
areas
accounted
for
only
about
10
percent
of
the
total
__2__
(populate)．
Today
China
is
home
__3__
more
than
half
of
the
skyscrapers
in
the
world.Of
these,
680
are
more
than
200
meters
tall.In
addition,
310
skyscrapers
__4__
(add)
in
the
country
since
2015.In
contrast,
only
33
new
skyscrapers
were
built
in
the
United
States
during
the
same
period.
One
of
the
bestknown
examples
of
skyscrapers
in
China
is
the
Shanghai
Tower,
the
nation’s
__5__
(tall)
and
world’s
second
highest
building.__6__
(stand)
in
the
heart
of
Lujiazui,
the
132story
building
has
575,000
square
meters
of
space
__7__
can
accommodate
up
to
40,000
people.The
114
__8__
(elevator)
running
inside
the
building
have
been
arranged
like
metro
lines,
heading
to
different
floors
and
at
different
speeds.
“What
we
want
to
achieve
and
demonstrate
to
developers
and
designers
of
skyscrapers
around
the
world
is
__9__
we
can
make
living
and
working
in
__10__
(high)
populated
cities
more
efficient,
energysaving
and
fun
through
skyscrapers，”
says
Ge
Qing,
chief
engineer
and
architect
of
the
building.
As
the
first
skyscraper
in
China
that
is
more
than
600
meters
tall,
the
Shanghai
Tower
has
the
highest
recognition
of
the
energy
and
resource
efficiency
of
a
building.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了新中国成立以来，城市化进程加快，许多摩天大楼拔地而起，并向读者介绍了中国最高建筑——上海中心大厦。
1．the 考查冠词。这里要表达的是城镇人口的数量，要用the
number
of表示“……的数量”。故填the。
2．population 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，the
total和空白处共同组成of的宾语，需要一个名词。故填population。
3．to 考查固定搭配。be
home
to意为“是……的家，是……的所在地”，此处指世界上超过一半的摩天大楼都在中国。故填to。
4．have
been
added 考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，谓语动词add与主语skyscrapers之间是被动关系，要用被动语态；再根据时间状语since
2015可知，动作从过去开始并持续到现在，要用现在完成时。故填have
been
added。
5．tallest 考查形容词最高级。这里与后句“世界第二高”
并列，表示它在中国最高，要用形容词最高级形式。故填tallest。
6．Standing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，Standing
in
the
heart
of
Lujiazui作状语，stand与主语the
building之间是主动关系，要用现在分词形式。故填Standing。
7．which/that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为space，空处在从句中作主语。故填which/that。
8．elevators 考查名词复数。分析句子可知，elevator是可数名词，其前面有表示数量的114，要用复数形式。故填elevators。
9．how/that 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空白处引导表语从句，从句不缺成分，可以看作“要完成和展示”的内容，此时可用that引导；也可以看作需要一个表示方式的how，表达“我们是如何能使其实现的”，此时可用how引导。故填how/that。
10．highly 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，high在句中修饰populated，表达“人口稠密”，要用副词形式。故填highly。
Ⅱ.短文改错
There
are
basically
two
ways
to
get
work
done.One
is
to
work
individual.In
this
way,
people
can
decide
for
them
when
to
start
to
work
and
how
to
do
it.What’s
more,
they
will
be
able
to
learn
how
to
solve
the
problems
on
their
own.People
may
also
choose
to
work
in
a
team
which
they
can
learn
from
each
other
and
help
each
other.Beside,
they
may
work
out
better
ways
get
work
done
by
discussing.Personally,
I
prefer
to
work
in
a
team,
which
offer
me
a
chance
to
learn
how
to
get
along
to
others
and
to
share
my
experience
with
them.As
the
work
can
be
dividing
among
several
people,
it
can
be
done
efficiently.Teamwork
is
always
importance.
答案：第二句：individual→individually
第三句：them→themselves
第四句：去掉the
第五句：which→where
第六句：Beside→Besides;
get前加to
第七句：offer→offers;
along后的to→with
第八句：dividing→divided
第九句：importance→important或在importance前加of
[第三组]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2020·昆明高三模拟)Coronaviruses
are
a
whole
family
of
viruses.For
the
most
part,
they
don’t
cause
any
real
illness
except
the
__1__
(occasion)
cold.But
from
time
to
time,
there
is
a
rogue
(变异的)
coronavirus
that
develops.This
new
virus,
like
those
other
rogue
viruses,
probably
first
__2__
(pass)
on
to
humans
from
animals
in
2019.
The
symptoms
are
similar
__3__
flu.It
is
a
respiratory
(呼吸道)
virus
at
the
beginning.If
you
get
the
disease,
you
__4__
(have)
a
fever,
cough
and
just
feel
uncomfortable.
We
don’t
have
__5__
direct
anticoronavirus
treatment.We
can
just
manage
the
patients
through
symptomatic
care
and
supportive
care.Many
patients
already
have
survived
this
__6__
(infect)．
The
Centers
for
Disease
Control
and
Prevention
have
this
top
of
the
mind.They
have
sent
over
a
hundred
people
to
New
York,
to
San
Francisco
__7__
Los
Angeles.They
will
be
screening
people,
__8__
are
arriving
from
particularly
Wuhan,
China,
__9__
(see)
whether
they
are
sick
or
not.Laboratories
around
the
world,
are
now
working
on
__10__
(develop)
a
rapid
diagnostic
test
and
the
other
thing
they
are
doing
is
starting
to
work
on
a
vaccine.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了2019年爆发的新冠肺炎的一些情况。
1．occasional 考查形容词。作定语修饰名词，所以用形容词，故填occasional。
2．was
passed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由“in
2019”可知，用一般过去时态；表示“被传给”，所以用被动语态；主语This
new
virus为单数，故填was
passed。
3．to 考查介词。句意：症状与流感相似。be
similar
to
“类似于”，故填to。
4．will
have 考查时态。if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时态，主句应该用一般将来时态，故填will
have。
5．a 考查冠词。句意：我们没有直接的抗冠状病毒治疗。表示泛指，所以用不定冠词，故填a。
6．infection 考查名词。作宾语，所以用名词；前面有this，所以用单数名词，故填infection。
7．and 考查连词。根据句意“他们已经向纽约、旧金山和洛杉矶派出了一百多人”可知，前后是并列关系，故填and。
8．who 考查定语从句。先行词为people，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，所以用who。
9．to
see 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们将对特别是来自中国武汉的人进行筛查，看他们是否生病。作目的状语，所以用不定式，故填to
see。
10．developing 考查非谓语动词。作介词的宾语，所以用动名词，故填developing。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Many
students
are
suffered
from
nearsightedness.It
is
because
the
overuse
of
mobile
phones,
computers
and
iPads
which
their
sight
has
been
harmed.If
your
eyes
are
fixing
on
a
small
bright
screen
for
a
long
time,
your
eyesight
will
be
badly
affected.
Nearsightedness
has
brought
much
trouble
to
the
students.It
makes
them
able
to
see
clearly
what
is
being
written
on
a
blackboard.
To
have
good
eyesight,
we
must
use
eyes
in
a
right
way.Let’s
take
up
books
and
reading
for
a
while
in
bright
light.When
reading,
we
should
keep
up
a
distance
between
the
eyes
and
the
books.When
feeling
tired,
we
should
leave
the
books
for
a
while
and
do
the
eyes
exercise
for
relaxation.Only
by
using
eyes
in
a
health
way
can
we
have
a
pair
of
bright
eyes.
答案：第一句：suffered→suffering
第二句：because后加of;
which→that
第三句：fixing→fixed
第五句：able→unable;
a→the
第七句：reading→read
第八句：去掉up
第九句：eyes→eye
第十句：health→healthy
[第四组]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2020·乌鲁木齐一模)Several
thousand
years
ago,
the
silk
trade
first
reached
Europe
via
the
Silk
Road,
__1__
brought
with
it
not
only
excellent
silk
clothes
and
decorative
items,
but
also
the
ancient
culture
of
the
Far
East.From
then
on,
silk
__2__
(regard)
as
the
symbol
of
Eastern
civilization.
According
to
__3__
ancient
Chinese
legend,
it
was
the
Yellow
Emperor
__4__
ordered
the
fibers
woven
into
cloth
and
made
into
silk
clothes,
which
were
__5__
(extreme)
soft
and
comfortable.Later
generations
worshiped
the
Yellow
Emperor
__6__
the
God
of
Weaving.
China
is
the
birthplace
of
sericulture
(养蚕)．Sericulture,
including
planting
mulberry
trees,
raising
silk
worms
and
__7__
(produce)
silk
fabric,
has
been
an
essential
form
of
labor
in
China
for
__8__
(century)．The
Chinese
ancestors
had
invented
flatweaving
and
figuredweaving
techniques,
and
colored
cloth
using
natural
vermilion
(朱红)
dye.
With
the
__9__
(improve)
in
loom
construction
and
printing
and
dying
methods,
more
varieties
of
silk
were
developed.China
possessed
the
most
__10__
(advance)
silk
dying
and
weaving
techniques
of
the
ancient
world.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。几千年前，丝绸贸易第一次通过丝绸之路到达欧洲，不仅给西方带去了美丽的丝绸服装和装饰用品，而且带去了古老的东方文化，丝绸被视为东方文明的象征。
1．which 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句。空格处在句中指代前面的句子，此时要用关系词which，故本空填which。
2．was
regarded 考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，空处为谓语动词，主语silk与谓语动词是被动关系。根据语境可知，本句用一般过去时，故空格处用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was
regarded。
3．an 考查冠词。根据语境可知，空格处在句中表示数量“一”，因为ancient
是以元音音素开头的，要用不定冠词an。
4．that/who 考查强调句型。分析句子可知，本句是强调句。强调the
Yellow
Emperor，指人。故填that/who。
5．extremely 考查副词。空格处在句中修饰形容词soft
and
comfortable，修饰形容词一般用副词形式，故填extremely。
6．as 考查介词。根据语境可知，空格在句中意为“作为”，因此用介词as。
7．producing 考查非谓语动词。空格处在句中作介词including的宾语，要用动词的ing形式，故填producing。
8．centuries 考查名词复数。句意：蚕桑业，包括种植桑树、养蚕和生产丝绸，几个世纪来一直是中国必不可少的劳动形式。根据句意可知，此处是指几个世纪，要用名词的复数形式，故填centuries。
9．improvement 考查名词。空格处在句中作介词with的宾语，应用名词，故填名词improvement。
10．advanced 考查形容词。空格处在句中作定语，修饰名词silk
dying
and
weaving
techniques。根据语境可知，此处是指最先进的。故填advanced。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Recently
we
had
a
class
meeting
on
the
topic
of
my
dream.Some
mention
the
Chinese
Dream.And
others
talked
enthusiastically
about
his
understanding
of
the
Chinese
Dream.We
are
all
believe
that
this
dream
will
come
true
in
the
future.I
also
talked
about
my
own
dream.I
had
always
wanted
to
be
a
doctor.Not
only
can
doctors
save
people’s
life,
but
also
they
are
doing
a
respectably
job.Doctors
can
help
people
to
live
a
better
life
without
their
professional
knowledge.To
realize
my
dream,
I
should
try
to
study
hardly
from
now
on.I
must
learn
as
much
as
I
can
get
into
a
good
medical
college,
which
I
can
prepare
myself
fully
for
the
job
of
a
doctor.
答案：第二句：mention→mentioned
第三句：his→their
第四句：去掉are
第六句：had→have
第七句：life→lives;
respectably→respectable
第八句：without→with
第九句：hardly→hard
第十句：get前加to;
which→where
[第五组]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2020·榆林高三模拟)When
someone
has
__1__
(deep)
hurt
you,
it
can
be
very
difficult
to
let
go
of
your
anger.But
forgiveness
is
possible
and
it
can
be
surprisingly
__2__
(benefit)
to
your
physical,
and
mental
health.So
far,
research
__3__
(show)
that
people
who
forgive
can
have
more
energy,
better
appetite
and
better
sleep.“People
who
forgive
show
__4__
(little)
anger
and
more
hopefulness，”
says
Dr
Frederic
Luskin,
who
wrote
the
book
Forgive
for
Good.“So
it
can
help
reduce
the
tiredness
out
of
the
immune
system
and
allow
people
__5__
(feel)
more
energetic.”
So
when
someone
has
hurt
you,
cool
down
first.Take
a
couple
of
breaths
and
think
of
something
__6__
gives
you
pleasure:
a
beautiful
scene
in
nature,
or
someone
you
love.Don’t
wait
for
an
__7__
(apologize)．“Many
times
the
person
who
hurt
you
may
never
think
of
apologizing，”
says
Dr
Luskin.“They
may
have
wanted
to
hurt
you
or
they
just
don’t
see
things
in
__8__
same
way.So
if
you
wait
for
people
to
say
sorry,
you
could
be
waiting
a
very
long
time.”
Next
keep
in
mind
that
forgiveness
does
not
necessarily
mean
__9__
(accept)
the
action
of
the
person
who
upsets
you.Instead,
learn
to
look
for
the
love,
beauty
and
kindness
around
you.Finally,
try
to
see
things
from
the
other
person’s
perspective.You
may
realize
that
he
or
she
is
acting
out
of
ignorance.To
gain
perspective,
you
may
want
to
write
a
letter
to
__10__
(you)
from
that
person’s
point
of
view.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了受到别人的伤害后如何应对的具体做法。
1．deeply 考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，此处表示抽象性的行为和状况或者表示情感色彩，应用以ly结尾的同源副词，因此填deeply。
2．beneficial 考查形容词。be后跟形容词作表语，因此用benefit的形容词形式beneficial。
3．has
shown 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。so
far为现在完成时的时间状语，因此用现在完成时。research为单数，故谓词动词用第三人称单数。故填has
shown。
4．less 考查形容词的比较级。根据后面的more
forgiveness可知，此处填little的比较级。故填less。
5．to
feel 考查非谓语动词。根据allow
sb.to
do
sth.可知，应用动词不定式。故填to
feel。
6．that 考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，且先行词为不定代词something，故只能用that。
7．apology 考查名词。根据不定冠词an可知，此处用名词形式，故填apology。
8．the 考查冠词。in
the
same
way
“用同样的方法”，
same一般与the连用。故填the。
9．accepting 考查非谓语动词。根据句意“接下来记住，宽恕并不一定意味着接受那个让你烦恼的人的行为”可知，此处考查mean
doing
sth.“意味着做某事”，动名词作宾语，故填accepting。
10．yourself 考查代词。此空与主语you形成互指关系，因此用反身代词。故填yourself。
Ⅱ.短文改错
As
we
all
know,
culture
is
similar
with
an
iceberg.There
are
cultural
roles
where
are
obvious
and
easily
to
understand.Most
of
our
cultural
values,
however,
is
not
clear
or
hidden.For
example,
when
you
will
visit
a
restaurant
in
Japan,
people
may
sit
in
the
floor
and
use
chopsticks
to
eat.These
eat
habits
are
easy
to
come
across.You
may
not
know,
therefore,
that
it’s
common
for
a
man
to
sit
crosslegged
on
the
floor,
but
it’s
not
considered
acceptable
for
woman
to
do
so.You
have
to
study
people’s
body
language
to
understanding
this
less
obvious
cultural
rule.
答案：第一句：with→to
第二句：where→that/which;
easily→easy
第三句：is→are
第四句：去掉will;
in→on
第五句：eat→eating
第六句：therefore→however;
woman前加a
第七句：understanding→understand
[第六组]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2020·咸阳高三模拟)Tea
culture
is
defined
by
the
way
tea
is
made
and
__1__
(consume),
by
the
way
the
people
communicate
with
tea,
__2__
by
the
aesthetics
(美学)
surrounding
tea
drinking.It
includes
aspects
of
tea
production,
tea
brewing,
tea
arts
and
ceremony,
society,
history,
health,
ethics,
education,
and
communication
and
media
issues.
Tea
ceremonies,
with
__3__
(it)
roots
in
the
Chinese
tea
culture,
differ
among
eastern
countries.However,
it
may
also
differ
in
preparation,
such
as
in
Tibet,
__4__
tea
is
commonly
brewed
with
salt
and
butter.
Different
regions
also
favor
different
__5__
(variety)
of
teablack,
or
oolong,
and
use
different
flavorings,
such
as
milk,
sugar
or
herbs.The
temperature
and
strength
of
the
tea
likewise
varies
__6__
(wide)．
Due
to
the
importance
of
tea
in
Chinese
society
and
culture,
tea
houses
can
__7__
(find)
in
most
Chinese
neighborhoods
and
business
districts.
Tea
culture
in
China
differs
__8__
that
of
Europe,
Britain
or
Japan
in
such
things
as
preparation
methods,
tasting
methods
and
the
occasions
for
which
it
is
consumed.Even
now,
in
both
casual
and
__9__
(form)
Chinese
occasions,
tea
is
consumed
regularly.In
addition
to
__10__
(be)
a
drink,
Chinese
tea
is
used
in
traditional
Chinese
medicine
and
in
Chinese
cuisine.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了茶文化，包括茶的制作和消费方式，人们与茶的交流方式，并说明茶道起源于中国及中国的茶文化与其他国家的不同。
1．consumed 考查动词的语态。分析句子可知，空处的词和made都是从句中谓语动词的一部分，都应用过去分词的形式，故填consumed。
2．and 考查连词。分析句子可知，前后两句为并列关系，故填and。
3．its 考查代词。分析句子可知，空中的词修饰名词roots作定语，应用it的形容词性物主代词，故填its。
4．where 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tibet，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
5．varieties 考查名词复数。根据下文列出的茶可知，这里是不同种类的茶，variety作为种类是可数名词，应变为复数形式，把y变i加es，故填varieties。
6．widely 考查副词。分析句子可知，空处的词修饰动词varies作状语，应用副词形式，故填widely。
7．be
found 考查语态。分析句子可知，空中缺少谓语动词，位于can后应用动词原形，且主语和谓语之间是被动关系，故填be
found。
8．from 考查介词。短语differ
from意为“不同于”，故填from。
9．formal 考查形容词。分析句子可知，空中的词修饰名词occasions作定语，应用形容词，故填formal。
10．being 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，in
addition
to为固定短语，意为“除……之外”，to为介词，后应接动名词，故填being。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Dear
Mike，
I’m
glad
to
have
received
your
letter
says
that
you
are
interested
in
China.Now
I
am
writing
to
sincere
invite
you
to
visit
China,
where
won’t
let
you
down.As
you
know,
China,
with
a
long
history
and
great
culture,
have
a
sea
of
famous
cities
and
different
types
of
place
of
interest
for
you
to
explore.Among
them
you
can’t
miss
out
the
Great
Wall!
Besides,
you
can
also
enjoy
its
various
delicious
foods
and
convenience
transport
like
highspeed
trains
and
sharing
bikes.They
will
sure
give
you
the
brand
new
experience!
Looking
forward
to
seeing
you
soon!
Yours，
Li
Hua
答案：第一句：says→saying或在says前加which/that
第二句：sincere→sincerely;
where→which
第三句：have→has;
place→places
第四句：去掉out
第五句：convenience→convenient;
sharing→shared
第六句：sure→surely;
the→a
[第七组]
Ⅰ.语法填空
Jimmy
was
out
of
a
job
and
decided
__1__
(attend)
a
job
interview
last
Monday.His
__2__
(appoint)
was
at
10
am
and
it
was
already
8：30.While
__3__
(wait)
for
a
bus
to
the
company,
he
saw
an
elderly
man
wildly
kicking
the
tyre
of
his
car.Obviously
there
was
something
wrong
with
the
car.
Jimmy,
__4__
was
once
a
car
mechanic
(修理工),
immediately
went
up
to
lend
him
a
hand.Jimmy
__5__
(success)
got
the
car
repaired
and
wouldn’t
accept
any
money
for
the
service.Knowing
that
Jimmy
had
to
rush
for
an
interview,
the
old
man
insisted
he
__6__
(drive)
Jimmy
to
the
company.And
Jimmy
agreed.
Upon
arrival,
Jimmy
found
a
long
line
of
applicants
waiting
to
be
interviewed.One
by
one,
the
applicants
left
the
interviewer’s
office
looking
__7__
(disappoint)．Finally,
Jimmy’s
name
__8__
(call)．Jimmy
entered
the
office
and
to
his
surprise,
he
saw
the
old
man
whom
he
helped
earlier
in
the
morning.__9__
turned
out
that
he
was
the
general
manager
of
the
company
and
Jimmy
was
one
of
the
applicants
of
his
company.What
__10__
coincidence!
“Welcome
to
my
company!
I
believe
you’ll
be
a
trustworthy
worker，”
the
manager
said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Jimmy在赶着去面试的路上帮助了一位老人修车，并且没有收任何费用。结果证明，他在帮助别人的同时，也帮助了自己。
1．to
attend 考查非谓语动词。decide
to
do
sth.为固定搭配，表示“决定做某事”。
2．appointment 考查名词。空格中所填单词在句中作主语，故用appoint的名词形式。
3．waiting 考查状语从句的省略。此处为省略形式，完整表达为While
he
was
waiting
for
a
bus
to
the
company。
4．who 考查定语从句。关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Jimmy。
5．successfully 考查副词。空格中所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词，需用success的副词形式。
6．(should)
drive 考查虚拟语气。insist意为“坚决要求”，后跟that从句作宾语时，从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
7．disappointed 考查形容词。此处表示“看起来很失望”。
8．was
called 考查时态和语态。Jimmy’s
name是谓语动词动作的承受者，故用被动语态；这里说的是过去发生的事，故用一般过去时。
9．It 考查代词。句型it
turned
out
that
...的意思是“结果发现……”。
10．a 考查冠词。What
a
coincidence为常用表达，表示“真巧”。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Last
Sunday
I
went
to
a
animal
hospital
to
help
the
doctors
there.
I
arrived
at
the
hospital
early
in
the
morning.
And
there
were
already
much
work
to
do：giving
the
pets
food
and
water,
and
even
giving
them
kisses
on
the
heads.
At
first,
they
looked
at
me
with
frightening
eyes.
A
doctor
says
to
them，“Don’t
worry,
and
everything
will
be
OK.”
I
washed
a
dog’s
hurt
leg.
I
worked
careful
to
make
sure
I
didn’t
hurt
him.
I
wished
he
could
know
we
were
just
trying
help
him.
It
was
a
long
day
and
the
work
made
me
tired,
and
I
was
very
happy.
I
knew
I
loved
animal.
And
the
animals
knew
I
loved
him.
They
enjoyed
about
my
care
with
love!
答案：第一句：a→an
第三句：were→was
第四句：frightening→frightened
第五句：says→said
第七句：careful→carefully
第八句：help前加to
第九句：第二个and→but
第十句：animal→animals
第十一句：him→them
第十二句：去掉about
[第八组]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2020·合肥一模)A
painting
with
a
__1__
(long)
of
1,014.37
meters
has
received
a
Guinness
World
Record
title
for
the
longest
drawing
by
an
individual
artist.The
record
was
announced
at
the
Simatai
Great
Wall
on
Saturday,
September
14th,
2019,
__2__
is
surrounded
by
the
verdant
(翠绿的)
mountains
of
an
early
autumn,
and
the
painter
unfolded
the
painting
with
great
care
__3__
the
presence
of
many
viewers.
__4__
took
artist
Guo
Feng
two
months
to
complete
the
blackandwhite
painting
named
Yongsheng
in
Chinese,
meaning
living
forever.Clearly
__5__
(inspire)
by
the
view
of
the
Great
Wall
from
the
sky,
he
wanted
to
call
for
peace
and
harmony
in
the
world.In
fact,
Guo
Feng
is
__6__
(familiar)
to
the
public
as
a
music
producer
than
as
a
painter.And
one
of
his
songs,
Let
the
World
Be
Filled
with
Love,
has
enjoyed
great
popularity
all
over
the
country
for
__7__
(decade)．
The
painting
is
made
up
of
10
subthemes,
and
was
created
__8__
(large)
using
marker
pens.“I
__9__
(draw)
for
more
than
10
hours
a
day
over
the
past
months
and
sometimes
I
began
working
at
4
am，”
said
Guo.“Creating
the
work
on
the
Great
Wall
was
an
unprecedentedly
(空前地)
lonely
and
quiet
time
for
me
__10__
(look)
into
my
past,
today
and
the
future，”
he
added.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。跨界音乐人郭峰创作的长1
014.37米的画作《永生》获得了一项“单人创作的最长的画作”吉尼斯世界纪录称号。
1．length 考查名词。此处表示一幅长达1
014.37米的画作。根据空前的a和空后的of可知，此处应用名词，
a
length
of
...“长达……”，所以填length。
2．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中充当主语，修饰前面的先行词“the
Simatai
Great
Wall”，应用关系代词which来引导该从句。
3．in 考查固定用法。此处表示当着许多观看者的面，in
the
presence
of
sb.意为“在某人面前，当着某人的面”，为固定用法。
4．It 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，该句真正的主语为“to
complete
the
...meaning
living
forever”，空处作形式主语，所以填It。
5．inspired 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构和空后的“by”可知，inspire和其逻辑主语he为动宾关系，所以填inspired。
6．more
familiar 考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的比较级符号than并结合语境可知，空处含有比较的含义，应用形容词的比较级。familiar为多音节词，比较级为more
familiar，所以填more
familiar。
7．decades 考查名词复数。此处表示数十年来，他的歌曲《让世界充满爱》享誉全国，for
decades为习惯用法，表示“数十年来”。
8．largely 考查副词。修饰空后的动词using，需要用副词，所以填largely。
9．have
been
drawing 考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“for
more
than
10
hours
a
day
over
the
past
months”可知，此处应用现在完成进行时，表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时刻，强调动作在完成过程中的持续性、重复性。所以填have
been
drawing。
10．to
look 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作定语。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Ten
years
ago,
I
had
an
idea
of
extracting
(提炼)
preciously
metals
from
used
batteries.I
was
eager
for
the
support
of
my
father.A
few
years
late,
my
father
agreed
with
me.He
decided
offer
me
some
funds
to
set
up
the
company.In
order
to
run
the
company
well,
I
got
on
the
fight
down
to
Switzerland,
on
where
I
studied
advanced
production
technology
and
management
styles
for
three
month.In
my
view,
that
was
entirely
likely
for
the
company
to
achieve
an
annual
profit
approaching
$3
million.With
my
hard
work,
I
do
achieve
my
aim.When
asking
why
I
had
chosen
the
project,
I
said,
“Recycling
used
batteries
can
save
resources,
protect
the
environment
or
benefit
future
generations.”
答案：第一句：preciously→precious
第三句：late→later
第四句：decided后加to;
the→a
第五句：去掉第二个on;
month→months
第六句：that→it
第七句：do→did
第八句：asking→asked;
or→and第九讲：“语法填空”解题流程
一、考题怎么解——活学活用思维流程
(一)有提示词类
1．提示词为动词
2．提示词为其他
(二)无提示词类
[解题示范]
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)China
has
become
the
first
country
to
land
a
spacecraft
on
the
far
side
of
the
moon.The
unmanned
Chang’e4
probe
(探测器)
—
the
name
was
inspired
by
an
ancient
Chinese
moon
goddess
—
__61__
(touch)
down
last
week
in
the
South
PoleAitken
basin.Landing
on
the
moon’s
far
side
is
__62__
(extreme)
challenging.Because
the
moon’s
body
blocks
direct
radio
communication
with
a
probe,
China
first
had
to
put
a
satellite
in
orbit
above
the
moon
in
a
spot
__63__
it
could
send
signals
to
the
spacecraft
and
to
Earth.The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
of
particular
__64__
(interesting)
to
scientists
because
it
has
a
lot
of
deep
craters
(环形山),
more
so
__65__
the
familiar
near
side.Chinese
researchers
hope
to
use
the
instruments
onboard
Chang’e4
__66__
(find)
and
study
areas
of
the
South
PoleAitken
basin.“This
really
excites
scientists，”
Carle
Pieters,
a
scientist
at
Brown
University,
says,
“because
it
__67__
(mean)
we
have
the
chance
to
obtain
information
about
how
the
moon
__68__
(construct)．”
Data
about
the
moon’s
composition,
such
as
how
__69__
ice
and
other
treasures
it
contains,
could
help
China
decide
whether
__70__
(it)
plans
for
a
future
lunar
(月球的)
base
are
practical.
第一步：速览语篇，定时态和语态。
根据文中出现的时间状语、动词的时态和语态可知本文时态以现在时为主，语态以主动语态为主。
第二步：细读句子，定空格处答案。
细读句子的同时，根据语法填空题的解题思维流程，结合所掌握的语法和文化知识，利用自己的思维能力确定空格处的正确答案。
61．touched 有提示词类型。考查时态。分析句子结构，“the
name
was
inspired
by
an
ancient
Chinese
moon
goddess”部分是对探月器名称的解释，可以看作是插入成分。故可判断出空格处是谓语动词。再根据句中的时间状语last
week可知，此处用一般过去时态。
touched
down
“降落，着陆”。
62．extremely 有提示词类型。考查副词。
修饰形容词challenging要用副词。故填extremely。
63．where 无提示词类型。考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a
spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
64．interest 有提示词类型。
考查名词。句中含有“be＋of＋名词”结构，
be
of
particular
interest＝be
particularly
interesting。故填interest。
65．than 无提示词类型。考查连词。根据前面的more可知，此处考查连词than。
more
...than
...“比……多”。
66．to
find 有提示词类型。
考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知，此空处是非谓语动词；结合句意可知，此处用不定式表示目的。
67．means 有提示词类型。
考查时态。根据句子结构可知，此空处是谓语动词。本句引用了Carle
Pieters的话，结合上下文时态可知，空格处要用一般现在时态。
68．is
constructed 有提示词类型。考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句的谓语动词，construct与主语the
moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知，此处应使用一般现在时，主语the
moon是单数，故填is
constructed。
69．much 无提示词类型。
考查形容词。ice是不可数名词，故表达询问“多少冰”
时用how
much
ice。
70．its 有提示词类型。考查代词。空格处作plans的定语，故需填形容词性物主代词its。
二、平时怎么练——学会总结命题规律
“同样在做题，效率有高低”“题海战术耗气力，不悟规律收益低”，指的是一些学生“只顾埋头拉车，不顾抬头看路”的低效能的学习方法。高考是有命题规律可循的，尤其是对“语法填空”和“短文改错”题型来说，10个题目怎么分布考点，每个考点考多少、考什么都是有一定规律的。掌握了这些规律，既有利于学生明确思维方向，又有利于学生复验答案。所以，建议学生仿照本部分练习题后设计的考点统计表格，每做完一个语篇后，及时反思不足，总结命题规律，你会发现：命题人总是围绕有数的几个考点变个语境“重复”地考；与其强刷百题，不如精做一题。
A
(2020·乐山三模)A
Chinese
company
says
it
has
created
a
new
facial
recognition
system
that
can
identify
people
even
if
they
__1__
(wear)
masks.Engineers
at
Hanwang
Technology
Ltd.say
their
system
is
the
first
to
be
created
to
__2__
(effective)
identify
people
wearing
face
masks.
Hanwang
is
now
selling
two
main
__3__
(kind)
of
products
that
use
the
new
technology.One
performs
“single
channel”
recognition,
which
is
designed
to
be
used
at
the
__4__
(enter)
to
buildings.The
other
product
is
a
“multichannel”
recognition
system,
which
can
identify
individuals
in
__5__
crowd
of
up
to
30
people
“within
a
second”
by
__6__
(use)
groups
of
surveillance
(监控)
cameras.When
people
wear
a
mask,
the
recognition
rate
can
reach
about
95%.And
the
system’s
success
rate
for
people
not
wearing
a
mask
__7__
(be)
about
99.5%.
__8__
is
not
immediately
clear
how
Chinese
citizens
are
reacting
to
the
new
technology.The
Chinese
government
has
already
been
using
other
surveillance
tools
in
the
fight
against
the
COVID19.__9__
some
citizens
have
expressed
opposition
to
such
tools,
many
others
seem
to
have
accepted
the
methods
as
a
way
__10__
(deal)
with
the
current
health
emergency.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。一家中国公司——汉王科技公司开发了一种新的面部识别系统，即使人们戴着口罩也能识别。它的识别成功率很高，许多人将其作为应对当前卫生紧急状况的一种方式。
1．are
wearing 考查动词时态。此处指人们正戴着口罩时也能识别，用现在进行时。故填are
wearing。
2．effectively 考查副词。此处指有效地识别，修饰动词identify用副词，故填effectively。
3．kinds 考查名词复数。此处表示“两种”，kind是可数名词，由two修饰用复数，故填kinds。
4．entrance/entrances 考查名词。此处表示建筑物的入口，由the修饰用名词。建筑物可能有多个入口，也可以用复数。故填entrance/entrances。
5．a 考查冠词。此处表示多达30人的人群，a
crowd
of表示“一群，许多的”，故填a。
6．using 考查非谓语动词。介词by后用动名词作宾语，故填using。
7．is 考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处叙述一般事实，与上文时态一致用一般现在时。主语是success
rate是单数意义，谓语用第三人称单数，故填is。
8．It 考查代词。how
Chinese
citizens
were
reacting
to
the
new
technology是句子的真正主语，用it作形式主语，故填It。
9．While/Although/Though 考查连词。根据语境可知，空处所在句与逗号后的句子之间是让步关系，故填While/Although/Though。
10．to
deal 考查非谓语动词。a
way
to
do
sth.，表示“做某事的一种方式”，用不定式作后置定语，故填to
deal。
[推荐使用考点统计表] (请填出本篇语法填空的具体内容)
项目
词类
数量
考查内容
有提示词
动词
2
现在进行时；一般现在时和主谓一致
非谓语
2
动名词作宾语；动词不定式作定语
名词
2
名词的复数
副词
1
副词修饰动词
无提示词
冠词
1
固定搭配
代词
1
形式主语
连词
1
让步状语从句
B
(2020·滨州高三模拟)Nowadays
5G
is
very
popular
among
customers,
but
China
is
looking
past
5G
and
intending
__1__
(build)
a
6G
network.China
is
starting
research
into
6G,
__2__
(make)
it
one
of
the
first
countries
to
do
so.The
actual
development
of
6G
will
__3__
(official)
begin
from
this
year,
but
the
commercial
use
will
have
to
wait.
The
__4__
(arrive)
of
5G
has
attracted
a
lot
of
people.It
not
only
brings
fast
mobile
Internet,
but
also
__5__
(enable)
us
to
connect
with
machines.So
__6__
is
6G
supposed
to
bring,
especially
for
ordinary
people?
For
one
thing,
__7__
will
make
mobile
Internet
work
at
a
speed
of
1
TB
per
second,
which
means
you
can
download
around
100
films
__8__
less
than
one
second.For
another,
6G
will
connect
our
devices
__9__
(efficiently)
than
5G,
which
makes
Internet
coverage
much
wider.
Of
course,
there
is
a
long
way
to
go,
__10__
I
believe
tomorrow’s
Internet
is
in
our
hands.Our
life
in
the
future
will
be
wonderful
and
fantastic.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国正在研究6G，并提到了6G会带来的影响。
1．to
build 考查非谓语动词。intend
to
do
sth.为固定搭配，意为“打算做某事”，故填to
build。
2．making 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，make在句中作非谓语动词，make的逻辑主语为“China
is
starting
research
into
6G
(中国开始研究6G)”，二者之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以要用make的现在分词形式，故填making。
3．officially 考查副词。空格处修饰动词begin,
要用副词形式，故填officially。
4．arrival 考查名词。句意：5G的到来吸引了很多人。根据定冠词The可知，空格处应填名词，arrive的名词形式为arrival，意为“到达”，故填arrival。
5．enables 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，enable在句中作并列谓语，根据前文中的brings可知要用一般现在时。主语It为单数，谓语动词也要用单数。故填enables。
6．what 考查疑问代词。句意：那么，6G应该会带来什么，特别是对普通人来说？分析句子结构可知，本句是一个疑问句，缺一个疑问词，根据句意，这里要表达的是6G会带来“什么”，故用疑问代词what引导这个疑问句。
7．it 考查代词。一方面，它(6G)使移动互联网以每秒1
TB
的速度工作。分析句子结构可知，空格处是句子的主语。根据语境可知应用代词it代指上文中的“6G”作主语。故填it。
8．in/within 考查介词。这意味着你可以在不到一秒的时间内下载大约100部电影。根据句意，这里要表达的是“在不到一秒之内”，故填in/within。
9．more
efficiently 考查副词的比较级。句意：另一方面，6G将会比5G更有效率地连接我们的设备，这让互联网的覆盖范围更广。根据空格后的than可知，这里要用所给词的比较级，故填more
efficiently。
10．but 考查连词。“Of
course,
there
is
a
long
way
to
go
(当然，我们还有很长的路要走)”与“I
believe
tomorrow’s
Internet
is
in
our
hands
(我相信未来的互联网在我们的掌握之中)”之间为转折关系，故填but。
[推荐使用考点统计表] (请填出本篇语法填空的具体内容)
项目
词类
数量
考查内容
有提示词
动词
1
一般现在时和主谓一致
非谓语
2
动词不定式作宾语；现在分词作状语
名词
1
名词作主语
副词
2
副词修饰动词；副词的比较级
无提示词
介词
1
基本用法
代词
2
疑问代词；
it
连词
1
并列连词
