初中英语语法—介词

(共40张PPT)
介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之
间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子
成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相
当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它
的宾语。
介词的含义
什么是介词？它的作用是什么？
1.Look at me.( )
2.He goes to school by bike.( )
3.He is interested in drawing.( )
4.The book is on the desk.( )
代词
名词
动名词
介词:通常用在_________、_______、_______
之前，表示某个人、事物/东西、事件与
另一个之间的_________。
名词
代词
名词
动名词
关系
介词的主要分类：
1. at the cinema, in the hospital __________
2. Write with a pen, go by bus ___________
3. in summer, on Septemper 1st ___________
4. by the way, at last, in the end ___________
地点介词
方式介词
时间介词
固定搭配
一.地点介词
1.at the village , at home, at the corner of the street..
______________________
2.in Shanghai , in the country, in Asia, in the world,
in space…
_______________________
3. in the box, on the chair, under the desk, next to Kate, on the right of Lucy, in front of the house, behind the door…
_________________________
表示小地方用at
表示大地方用in
表示不同地方用具体不同的介词
填上正确的地点介词：
1.在广州 _______ Guangzhou
2.在电影院 _______ the cinema
3.在湖边 _______ the lake
4.在海里 _______ the sea
5.树上的苹果 apples ______ the tree
6.书上的小鸟 birds ______ the tree
7.在天空上 ______ the sky
8.在教室外 _________ the classroom
9.在农场上 ________ the farm
10.在街道上 ________ the street
in
at
by
in
on
in
in
outside
on
in
二.方式介词
1.write with a pen, cut with a knife, lock with a lock… ____________________
2. see with our eyes, do with our hands, smell with our noses, eat with our mouths…
____________________
3. in English , in French , in your own words,
in three language… _____________________
4. in a loud voice, in a low voice…
___________________
5. in this way, by this means…
___________________
使用工具用介词 with
使用器官用介词 with
使用语言用介词 in
使用声音用介词 in
使用方法用介词 in 或 by
6.by bike, by bus, by train, by plane, by ship, by car… (on foot) by land 陆路， by sea 水路，by air 空运
_________________
但：on the bike, on the bus, on the train, on the plane, on the ship, in the car…
7. ①Shanghai lies ___the east of China.( )
②Japan lies _____the east of China.( )
③Hubei lies _____the north of Hunan.( )
8.in a read coat, the girl in yellow, the boy in white…
__________________
9.lie in bed, after a while, in the sun（在阳光下）
under the sun（天下，世界上；到底，究竟）
使用交通工具用 by
in
to
on
在中国内部
在中国外部
两地接壤
表示穿衣服用 in
固定搭配
( )
三.时间介词
1.at six o’clock, at noon, at that time, at half past three, at mid-night… ________________
2.on Sunday, on New Year’s Day, on March 21st, on my birthday … _________________
3. in three days, in a week, in a month, in May,
in 1998 … _____________________
4. in the morning, in the afternoon , in the evening _____________________
但： on the morning of May 1st
5. at night = ____ _____ night
6. in the day = in the ________
表示点钟或具体一点时间用 at
表示在某一天用 on
表示大于一天的时间用 in
在早上/下午/傍晚 用 in
in
the
day-time
later单独使用可用将来时或过去时态
The others will join us later。
later on 后来，再过些时候
7. 具体时间用不同的介词:
在放假期间 _____the holiday
在圣诞节期间 ____ Christmas
三天之后 three days ______ （一般过去时）
____ three days （一般过去时）
____ three days（一般将来时）
during
later
at
after
in
注意
(1)介词短语：
at breakfast from now on from then on
on one’s way to
at first at last in the end in front of
in time on time in the middle of
at least at most instead of
at once on foot at the same time
by the way
四.固定搭配的含介词的中考词组:
在吃早饭
(2)Do you remember them …
在…岁时 ___ the age of
有时 ___ times/sometimes
开始,在…起初 ___ the beginning of
此刻 ___ the/this moment = now
在…结尾,在…尽头　___ the end of 例如 ____ example =such____
匆忙地 ___ a hurry
到…的时候 ____ the time=when
从…到… _____…___…
在户外,在野外 ___ the open air
at
at
at
at
at
for
in
by
from
to
in
as
相邻，靠近 next ___ 遍及 all_____ 将来 ___ the future
由于,幸亏 thanks ___
过了一会儿 _______ a while 在地球上 ___ the earth
到底、究竟___ earth
下课/放学/下班后 ______ lass/school/work
展出 ___ show 值日 ___ duty
独立, 单独 all ___ oneself
令(某人)惊讶 ___ one’s surprise
to
in
to
after
on
after
on
on
by
to
over
on
(3)固定搭配:
arrive ___/___a place find ___ （发现，找到）
get on/along _____ be afraid __ sth.
hand ___(上交） hand ___(分发）
be angry ____ sb. be angry ____ sth.
be strict ____ sb. be strict __ sth.
be ready ___ be full __=be filled_____
be good ___=do well ____ be busy _____ sth.
be late ___ be interested __
eat ___ give ___ (放弃） grow ___
in
at
with
up
in
for
at
for
up
up
out
of
with
with
of
in
at
out
with
in
with
in
Remember and translate:
hear from (sb) ring up
hold on 1. 继续;坚持;保持 2.(打电话时)等一等
hurry up stop sb. from doing sth.
knock at/on take off
laugh at take part in
listen to think about
look after/at/for/up/out try on try out
take care of turn on/off
make friends with wait for
pay for wake up
put on/up/off write down
worry about make progress with
be familiar with sb./sth. （人）熟悉某人/某物
be familiar to sb. …（物）为某人所熟悉
be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求
be strict in sth. 严格对待某事
in the air 在空中
on the air播出
shout to 呼喊，向…喊
shout at对…吼，责骂
in the end＝at last＝finally最后
by the end of到…末止
at the end of在…结束时，在…末端，
be known to sb.为某人所知
be known as 作为…而出名，被叫作…
be known for因…而出名
be busy with sth.忙于某事
be busydoing sth.忙着做某事
ahead of time提前，超前
sometime某时
some time某段时间，某一时期
sometimes=at times有时
sometimes 许多次，许多倍
at a time=each time每次
at one time=once曾经
常用易混淆介词辨析
after/ in
皆可表示时间在……之后，其区别为： after
①.表示“在某点时间之后”，用于将来时。如： We’ll go out for a walk after supper. ②.表示“一段时间之后”，用于过去时。如： My mother came home after half an hour. in
表示“一段时间之后”，用于将来时。如： We’ll go to school in two weeks.
between /among
1) between 多指两者之间。如：What's the difference between the two words
2) among 指三者或三者以上的同类事物之间，在或笼统的一群人或一些物之中，表示“在……中间，在……之中”。如：The young people lived and worked among the workers.
注意：我们可以说between you and me，但不能说 between you and I，因为between是介词。
3) between还可以用来指三个或三个以上的人或物的每两个之间。三个或三个以上的名词用and连接，前面用between，而不用among。如：There is not much difference between the three of them.
Switzerland lies _______ France, Ger-many, Austria and Italy.
between
besides /except
We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang
（除……之外，还有）全部计算在内
We are all Chinese except Tom in our class.
（除……之外，不计算在内）
—All the students in our class went to the cinema ___ Kangkang, why
—Because he had a bad cold.
A．Except B．besides C．Beside D．without
【解析】except“除……之外”，排除……在外的意思；besides“除……之外”，包含……在内；beside“在…旁边”；without“没有”。根据题意可知用except，故选A。
over表示与某物不接触的“正上方”，under与其相对，表
示“正下方”。
The sky is over our heads. 天空在我们头顶上。
The cat is under the table. 那只猫在桌子底下。
above表示“在……的上方”，“高于”；below与其相对，
表示“在…的下面”，“低于”。
The temperature will stay above zero in the day time
，but at night it will fall below zero again.白天气温将保
持在零度以上，但在晚上又将降到零度以下。
on指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。
They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.他们把一
些花放在讲桌上。
over, above, on
cross 作动词用，“穿过，越过”的意思。主要表示在物体表面上横
穿。如横过马路、过桥、过河等，与go across同义。
例如：Be careful when you cross the street.过马路时要小心。
Cross (Go across )the bridge, and you will see a big buiding.
过这座桥你就会看到一栋大楼。
cross作名词用是“十字架，十字形饰物”的意思。
across是介词，有“横跨，横穿，穿越”之意。
across与go/walk等动词连用表示“穿过，越过，横穿”的意思。与
cross基本同义，也是表示从物体表面经过。
例如：Go across the road , you will find the post office on
your left.横过这条公路，你会发现邮局就在你的左边。
cross，across, through
through是介词，“在...之中，透过”的意思，常与go,walk等动词连用，表示“穿越，横穿”等意思。主要表示从物体内部穿过。如穿过森林、隧洞等。
例如：The two friends were walking through the forest.这两个朋友正沿着森林走。
The sunlight comes through the glass.阳光透过玻璃。
1. We must ________ the road very carefully.
2. Before going _________ the road, you should look left first and then right.
3. I try to get into the room ________ the window because I can’t open the door.
4. They drove _______ the street quickly, but the police caught them at last.
5. It’s dangerous to swim ________ the river.
6. Go _________ the bridge and you will see the station.
cross
across
across
across
across
through
in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围
以外；
in the front of 表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内
例如：
There are some tall trees in front of the building.
在楼前有一些高树。
The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.
老师坐在教室前面
in front of, in the front of
above\over\on\below\under
above
over
below
under
on
Be careful, there is a heavy box______ your head.
The sun is _____ the mountain in the east.
There are some stamps _______ the desk.
The position he pointed to was _______ the sea level.
The little mouse is _____ the table, so it is not easy to find it.
over
above
on
above\below
under
表示“延续的一段时间”时，可用“for＋时间段”或“since＋过去的时间点”，常与含延续动词的完成时连用。
—How long have you been in this city
你在这座城市待了多久了？
—For ten years. 十年。
Mr Smith has lived here since 1998.
史密斯先生自从1998年就住在这。
since, for
表示"在……上"时，不是都用"on"，有时须用in。
在树上
in the tree 用于指树上的鸟、人等。
on the tree用于指生长在树上的叶子、果实。
在墙上
in the wall镶嵌在墙内，指窗户、门、钉子等。
on the wall在墙的表面之上，指地图、画像等。
在报纸上
in the newspaper用于指报上的内容。
on the newspaper用于指放在报纸上的东西，如眼镜等。
in, on
be made of ＋从成品上看得出的材料
be made from＋从成品上看不出的原料
be made in＋产地 be made by＋制造者
be made up of由…组成，由…构成
be made into 被制成…
It is said that this kind of cloth is made of silk and
it is made in China.据说这种布料是由丝绸制成的并且由中国制造。
This wine is made from grapes.这酒是葡萄酿的。
This machine is made by Uncle Wang.这机器是王伯伯制造的。
The article is made up of four parts.这篇文章有四部分组成。
Flour（面粉）can be made into bread.
be made of、 be made from、 be made in、 be made by、be made up of、be made into
be used for doing sth. =be used to do sth.意为“被用来做……”。介词for表示用途，后接名词或动词 ing形式。
be used by 意为“被…使用”，介词by后面接动作的执行者(宾语)。
be used as 意为“被用作……”，介词as表示“作为”，
be used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做……”，to是介词。
The stamp is used for sending letters.邮票是用来邮信的。
English is widely used by travellers and business people all over the world.英语被全世界的旅行者和商人广泛使用。
English is used as the second language in many countries.
英语在许多国家被当作第二语言。
I am used to getting up early every morning.我习惯早晨早起。
be used for doing sth、be used to do sth、be used by 、be used as 、be used to doing sth.
单词拼写:
1.There are ____( 超过 )sixty students in our class.
2. Fish can’t live__________( 没有 ) water.
3. We haven’t seen each other for a long time _________(自从… ) we met last time.
4. Do you worry about __________( 他们 )
5. Who’s ______( 值日 ) duty today
6. Have you paid ______( 付款 ) the book
7. Please turn_______( 关掉 ) the lights.
8. It’s bad for your health to go to school___________( 不吃) breakfast.
over
without
since
them
on
for
off
without
1.We usually have lunch______ noon.
2.Lin Tao was born______ February 18th.
3.Ann sits_____ my right,______ Kate's left.
She sits___________us.
4.My father is leaving______ Suzhou tomorrow.
5.We must learn_______ each other.
at
on
on
on
between
for
from
用适当的介词填空
6.They went_________ the gate and entered the garden.
7.We can do all things _______our hands.
______the end of the last cap，he caught up _____the others.
9.Be kind_____people.Don't shout _____people.
10.Last month he worked_____ a teacher _____
three weeks.
through
with
At
with
to
at
as
for
1.His father is very angry_________him his study.
A. at，with B.with，at C.to，about D.about，to
2.Paper is made_________wood.
A.from B.of C.by D.in
3.The basket is full_________apples.
A.with B.of C.in D.by
4.Kate can't come. Let's ask wei Hua instead______her.
A.of B.for C.to D.with
5.The heavy rain stopped me___getting to school on time.
A. to B.from C.on D.for
B
A
B
A
B
6.Li Lida's parents are very proud _________ their son.
A.to B.in C.for D.of
7.The fox looked up_________ a cock sitting the tree.
A. to，in B.at,in C. for，on D.at，on
8.Please wait _________ the bus stop near my home.
A.for B.at C.next D. in front
9.Where is your bike made_________
A.in B.from C. of D./
10.When the red light is on，it's dangerous to go_____the street. A.across B.through C. cross D. to
D
B
B
D
A
11.He is rich _____ unhappy.
A.or B.and C.so D.but
12.Take a rest ______ you finish the work.
A.before B.after C.until D.while
13.You can't pass the exam, ______ you study hard.
A.if B.of C.unless D.and
14.______our team tried best, ____ we failed.
A.Though,but B.Because,so C.If,and D. Though,/
15.Don't get off _______the bus stops.
A.when B.after C.until D.so
D
B
D
C
C
16.There is a good play______TV this evening.
A. on B. by C. in
17. How far is it ____ Guangzhou____Beijing
　　 A. from…to B. from…for C. away…to　
18. Japan lies _____the east of China.
A. to B. in C. on
19. Mr. Brown has gone to Canada. He will be back
___ tow weeks. A. for B. after C. in　
20. A: What time did you get there this morning
B: ____ eight. A. In B. At C. On
21. We all agree _____you. Let’s start at once.　　
A. to B. for C. with
A
A
A
C
B
C
22. My aunt arrived here ____a warm spring morning.
A. in B. at C. on
23. A:When did your uncle arrive ______ China
B: He got to Guangzhou_____the morning of the
16th of April.
A. in, on B. in, in C. at, on
24. Hawaii is famous _____its beautiful beaches.
A. in B. for C. with
25. We must stop children from______with fire.
A. play B. played C. playing
C
A
B
C
26. Look, Tina is waiting ________ the bus stop.
A．for B．at C．in D．To
27. What would you like to do _____ such a bad boy
A．with B．on C．at D．in
28.The young man walked _____ the forest and came to a big river at last.
A．on B．over C．through D．across
29.The food __ my country is quite different __ that here.
A．in; like B．to; from C．from; to D．in; from
30. Taiwan is a beautiful island and it's ____ the east of Fujian.
A．in B．on C．to
B
A
C
D
C
31.—It is said that a new zoo will be built in our town.
—I'm ____ it. Zoos are terrible for animals.
A．through B．besides C．against D．except
32.—When will the party be held
—_____ two weeks' time, ____ 15th July.
A.In; on B.In; in C.On; on D.At; on
33.Lin Lin often practices English ____ chatting with her American friend.
A.in B.by C.for D.with
34. You look tired. _____ working indoors you should be out for a walk.
A.Ahead of B.Instead of C.In front of D.In spite of
35. Last night he had a bed to sleep ______， but I had only a chair to sit _____.
A.in; on B./; / C.on; in D.in; to
A
C
B
A
B
36.When I got in to the room，Sue was busy talking ___ the phone. A.with B.on C.to D.in
37.—Would you like some coffee
—Yes, and please get me some milk. I prefer coffee __milk.
A.with B.to C.of D.on
38. Sally is very happy. There is a big smile____ her face.
A.on B.to C.in D.at
39.Many teenagers have hobbies. But sometimes these hobbies can get _____ of schoolwork.
A.on the way B.by the way C.in the way D.out of the way
40.—Why are you standing there, Maggie
—I can't see the blackboard clearly. Two tall boys are sitting ___ me.
A.behind B.in front of C.beside D.next to
A
B
C
A
B